Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_812608_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Dong Wu Author-X-Name-First: Dong Author-X-Name-Last: Wu Title: Notes from the Editor: Building Innovation-driven Africa Towards the Next Emerging Economies Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 178-179 Issue: 3 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.812608 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.812608 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:3:p:178-179 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_817044_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Bibhunandini Das Author-X-Name-First: Bibhunandini Author-X-Name-Last: Das Title: Diffusion of Old Information and Communication Technologies in Disseminating Agricultural Knowledge: An Analysis of Farmers’ Income Abstract: This paper analyses the role of old information and communication technologies (ICTs) in knowledge dissemination and the economic outcome of ICT use by farmers. Based on the National Sample Survey data, the paper examines two issues – the role of ICTs in disseminating agricultural knowledge and whether there is any significant difference between the ICT adopters and non-adopters in terms of their net revenue. Following the theoretical argument by Rogers and Shoemaker and Brown, we hypothesize that the use of ICTs makes a significant difference between the adopters and non-adopters. We estimated our hypothesis through ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, where the outcome variable ‘net revenue per acre’ is regressed on the explanatory variable ‘ICT use’. As, the revenue of a farmer is cofounded with other effects other than ICT use, we have controlled ICT use by other variables. The estimated result shows that there is a significant difference between adopters of ICT and non-adopters in terms of their net revenue. The result shows that there is not any significant difference between the adopters and non-adopters of institutional sources. If farmers are using individual sources then the non-adopters have higher returns than the adopters. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 250-262 Issue: 3 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.817044 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.817044 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:3:p:250-262 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_796694_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ayodele I. Shittu Author-X-Name-First: Ayodele I. Author-X-Name-Last: Shittu Author-Name: Jielin Dong Author-X-Name-First: Jielin Author-X-Name-Last: Dong Author-Name: Li Jing Author-X-Name-First: Li Author-X-Name-Last: Jing Title: Competitive Positioning and the Survival of Indigenous Firms in Nigeria: The Case Study of Glomobile, Nigeria Abstract: In this paper, we provide an exploratory view of the competitive analysis of indigenous firms in Nigeria's dynamic and competitive telecommunications industry. Adopting a case study approach, we analysed the key factors behind the survival of new entrant indigenous firms in Nigeria, which reveals that quality innovative value added services, improved market penetration and a more focused retention strategy are panaceas for competitive positioning and the survival of indigenous firms in a dynamic competitive industry. This paper makes an important contribution to the literature on the entry and survival of an indigenous firm. We also present the competitive dynamics when the telecommunications industry transforms from a state monopoly to a competitive market in a developing country. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 190-201 Issue: 3 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.796694 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.796694 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:3:p:190-201 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_796736_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Nina Bohdan Author-X-Name-First: Nina Author-X-Name-Last: Bohdan Title: A Knowledge Generation System and Innovation Policy for countries of the Customs Union (Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia) Abstract: This paper considers the problem of forming a Single Economic Area of the Customs Union (Belarus, Russia and Kazakhstan) from the perspective of knowledge generation. Based on the commonalities of knowledge generation and the characteristics of the post-Soviet development, there is the possibility of creating a supra-national innovation system. The general regularities of institution building and shaping the knowledge economy are established. Recommendations from the EU experience are made regarding the necessity of policy learning for the coordination of research and innovation policies. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 214-230 Issue: 3 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.796736 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.796736 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:3:p:214-230 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_796750_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Chipo Nyamwena-Mukonza Author-X-Name-First: Chipo Author-X-Name-Last: Nyamwena-Mukonza Title: A Conceptual Framework for Implementing Sustainable Livelihoods and Innovation in Biofuel Production among Smallholder Farmers Abstract: There has been renewed interest in biofuel production globally as a response to the continuous increase in oil prices, the depletion of fossil fuels and as nations move towards a low carbon economy. The paper is a work in progress and is part of my PhD thesis. From the literature review, four approaches are identified which have led to the development of biofuels. A conceptual framework is proposed to identify elements of sustainability and innovation in biofuel production by smallholder farmers. The conceptual framework is proposed to enable a smooth transition towards a green economy; for promoters of biofuels to meet the challenges of an uncertain, complex and changing environment; and to discover the extent to which this affects community livelihoods and sustainability. The sustainable livelihoods approach provides the foundation on which the conceptual framework is developed. It is evident from the research that as the world embraces new technologies towards a low carbon economy, these technologies have special effects on the livelihoods of the smallholder farmers. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 180-188 Issue: 3 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.796750 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.796750 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:3:p:180-188 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_796740_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Kasina Rao Author-X-Name-First: Kasina Author-X-Name-Last: Rao Author-Name: Rajendra Sonar Author-X-Name-First: Rajendra Author-X-Name-Last: Sonar Title: Conceptual View of Mobile Business Models for Rural Consumers in India Abstract: Rendering value for users through mobile services is key for mobile business models anywhere. Through mobiles, for the first time ever, many public and private services have now reached poor households and communities. The demand for mobile applications is fast picking up in developing countries, particularly in emerging countries like India. This provides a new chapter to create and implement user value based services through mobile phones. The rural business models of developed countries need to be customized locally and innovation in the creation of customized business models for developing countries is required to sustain and deliver results as per local needs. This paper looks at the mobile business models delivering customized services that cater for the needs specific to Indian rural people who are at a disadvantaged position compared with urban people. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 232-241 Issue: 3 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.796740 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.796740 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:3:p:232-241 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_817045_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Namrata Thapa Author-X-Name-First: Namrata Author-X-Name-Last: Thapa Title: Inclusive Growth and Institutions: An Analysis of the Employment Structure of India's Tea Plantation Sector Abstract: It is generally held that though the Indian economy has been experiencing high growth in the post-reform period, it is not inclusive and that certain sectors, regions and population of the country are being excluded from the benefits of growth. Studies have argued that innovation and institutions matter in growth; if growth has to be inclusive, the system that facilitates growth also needs to be inclusive. In this context this paper attempts to examine the structure of employment in tea plantations in terms of employment, wages and earnings and therein understand the role of the Plantation Labour Act (PLA), 1951 in fostering inclusive growth. The analysis showed that the employment performance of the tea plantations in terms of quantity of employment has been sluggish and there has been increased casualization of the workforce. The analysis of the wage structure of plantation workers shows that the growth rate of the real wages and earnings of the workers has remained more or less stagnant in recent years. Further, an increased use of piece-rated women workers, whose wages were lower than the time-rated workers, was observed. These findings question the effectiveness of the PLA in promoting workers' welfare. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 264-277 Issue: 3 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.817045 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.817045 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:3:p:264-277 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_812611_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Sajal Kabiraj Author-X-Name-First: Sajal Author-X-Name-Last: Kabiraj Title: Innovating the Green Way: Natural Considerations for Sustainable Consumption Abstract: Learn everything you can, anytime you can, from anyone you can – there will always come a time when you will be grateful for what you did…Sarah Caldwell The five natural elements (Earth, Water, Fire, Air and Sky), the Sun and the Moon, plants, trees, birds and animals, came into existence much ahead of human beings. In fact, man – as a part of Nature – was the last creation in the Universe. Though, we (human beings) have been created with the superlative degree of intellect, there is so much that can be learnt from Nature; the traditions of wisdom from the world teach us that a divine essence flows through all creations. But we will be able to learn from Nature only if we are open and receptive. Together with Nature, man can co-create ground-breaking ideas that could help him create wealth and well-being at the same time. It leads to ‘Win more – Win more’ scenarios. Bio-mimicry, a recently popular field of science, contemplates Nature's best ideas and imitates its designs and processes to offer innovative and sustainable solutions for life on Earth. The inspirations from Nature can be great teachings for inclusive growth and sustainable development. Natural farming is another upcoming stream which exemplifies the idea of working with Nature to maintain a balance between the species (food chain), thereby making the struggle for survival on the planet more affordable and sustainable. Encompassing these, this paper attempts to understand and appreciate Nature from a holistic perspective – to design precepts that would guide us to create a more sustainable and cooperative world. We also seek to explicate how Nature (plants, birds and animals) can be a ‘guru’ to guide us through the path of wisdom by paying attention to and by observing, understanding and reflecting on how and why Nature behaves the way it behaves. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 278-286 Issue: 3 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.812611 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.812611 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:3:p:278-286 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_796742_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Nicholas Ozor Author-X-Name-First: Nicholas Author-X-Name-Last: Ozor Title: The Role of Agribusiness Innovation Incubation for Africa's Development Abstract: The global economic crisis coupled with increases in food and fuel prices and the looming impacts of climate change have necessitated that Africa should urgently rise up to these challenges and opportunities by promoting growth, food security, employment, poverty reduction and environmental sustainability. A unique strategy for realizing Africa's potentials for development in the wake of these challenges is through agribusiness innovation incubation. The strategy seeks to turn the challenges into opportunities by harnessing the knowledge and information infrastructures as underlying mechanisms to encourage demand-driven research and for-profit entrepreneurship in Africa's rich agricultural sector. This paper examines the economic, social and knowledge management opportunities offered through agribusiness innovation incubation for Africa's sustainable development. This paper further provides various models and prerequisites for realizing this objective. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 242-249 Issue: 3 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.796742 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.796742 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:3:p:242-249 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_796743_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Yao Tang Author-X-Name-First: Yao Author-X-Name-Last: Tang Author-Name: Wenjin Long Author-X-Name-First: Wenjin Author-X-Name-Last: Long Title: Gender Earnings Disparity and Discrimination in Urban China: Unconditional Quantile Regression Abstract: Market-oriented economic reform has gone through several key stages to bring substantial changes to the current Chinese economy. It accelerated after 1992, and ushered in the pattern transformation since ‘scientific development outlook’ raised in 2002. During this dramatic and complicated economic transitional process, issues regarding income distribution caught people's attention including: How does the earnings distribution change between genders from an early market economy to a post market economy? How do education, work experience, marriage and other factors affect gender earnings and what is the difference among an internal group of women? In this paper, we use data from the Chinese Household Income Projects (2002 and 2007) to analyse the earnings disparity between genders and a female inner group. The unconditional quantile regression finds that the negative effects on earnings of marriage and taking care of children has significantly decreased since 2002, especially for women. But the high return rate to education of female workers is not as significant as before, and the return rate to work experience is falling even faster. Along with the increasing gender earnings gap, the unexplained gap (gender discrimination) has also increased over time and is particularly pronounced in the female higher earnings group. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 202-212 Issue: 3 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.796743 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.796743 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:3:p:202-212 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1134100_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: John Trimble Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Trimble Author-Name: Mammo Muchie Author-X-Name-First: Mammo Author-X-Name-Last: Muchie Title: Editors' note Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 327-328 Issue: 5 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1134100 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1134100 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:5:p:327-328 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1085157_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: R.M. Nyakundi Author-X-Name-First: R.M. Author-X-Name-Last: Nyakundi Author-Name: M. Makokha Author-X-Name-First: M. Author-X-Name-Last: Makokha Author-Name: J.K. Mwangi Author-X-Name-First: J.K. Author-X-Name-Last: Mwangi Author-Name: C. Obiero Author-X-Name-First: C. Author-X-Name-Last: Obiero Title: Impact of rainfall variability on groundwater levels in Ruiru municipality, Kenya Abstract: Groundwater accounts for the largest fresh water resources in the world. However, there has been limited exploitation of this vital resource in many areas. Where groundwater resources have been utilised, they have been over-exploited, polluted, wasted and mismanaged. In Ruiru municipality, groundwater is a major component of the water supply, contributing about 70% of the water demand. Rising population numbers and industrial development have led to a high water demand, increased water scarcity and more reliance on ground water. Assessing the effect of rainfall variability on groundwater levels of boreholes in Ruiru municipality will help in assessing the sustainability of groundwater resources in the area. Groundwater levels were measured using a dipper and spatial locations of the boreholes were established and mapped using GIS. Rainfall data was collected from the Kenya Meteorological Department and the Water Resources Management Authority. The water table fluctuation method was used to estimate recharge. There was an impact of rainfall variability on groundwater levels. The results showed a decline in groundwater levels during low rainfall periods. The rainfall variability, caused by climate change, brought about prolonged droughts and low recharge in the area. Climate change should be mitigated to cap the decline in groundwater and abstraction controlled to ensure that groundwater resources are managed properly to avoid depletion. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 329-335 Issue: 5 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1085157 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1085157 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:5:p:329-335 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1085158_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Magdi Osman Ali Author-X-Name-First: Magdi Author-X-Name-Last: Osman Ali Author-Name: Abdalrasol J. Alzubaidi Author-X-Name-First: Abdalrasol J. Author-X-Name-Last: Alzubaidi Title: The use of technology in a water treatment process Abstract: Automation is an essential part of producing drinking water in the necessary quantities at the right time with high levels of efficiency in water production, energy and chemical materials consumption. The primary objective of this paper is to propose strategies for controlling the sucking pumps operation system to supply the Bait-Elmal area in Khartoum State. The proposed system works as follows: Pumps are placed on a floating lunch joined to Shambat Bridge. Then, the operating system of these pumps is controlled by Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) to suck water from the Blue Nile River. The Reservoir water level is controlled by programming the working and standby pumps using level sensors installed inside the water reservoir. Practically, a control system has been applied to control the pumps' operation system. The water level in the reservoir is monitored and controlled by using two (high and low) level sensors connected to the sucking water pumps via PLCs. In summary, a complete control system has been successfully tested, where the sucking pumps are installed to supply the Bait-Elmal water plant from the Blue Nile. The results obtained prove the reliability and applicability of the system with more advantages in this area or any similar drinking water plant. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 336-341 Issue: 5 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1085158 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1085158 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:5:p:336-341 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1085167_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Sibangiso Ngwenya Author-X-Name-First: Sibangiso Author-X-Name-Last: Ngwenya Author-Name: Sikhulumani Bayeza Mangena Author-X-Name-First: Sikhulumani Bayeza Author-X-Name-Last: Mangena Author-Name: John Trimble Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Trimble Author-Name: John Dumisani Hlatywayo Author-X-Name-First: John Dumisani Author-X-Name-Last: Hlatywayo Author-Name: Khesani Richard Chilumani Author-X-Name-First: Khesani Richard Author-X-Name-Last: Chilumani Title: An ontology-based framework for mobile learning in rural secondary schools Abstract: In some countries mobile learning is becoming an important issue in academic institutions, as teachers and students get connected to networks through smart phones that combine telephony, computing, messaging and multimedia. However, in rural areas the process of designing, communicating and presenting learning resources, content services and learning content for mobile learners poses challenges. Teachers and students are not able to connect to networks for the purposes of learning and teaching. Therefore an enabler framework for this purpose becomes necessary. Those who connect to the Internet are not able to get precise and relevant content that meets their requirements and needs. This is due to poor internet connectivity, lack of semantics on content, inaccurate searches and information overload. This paper proposes a solution to some of the challenges by designing a conceptual ontology-based framework for mobile learning which could be used in rural secondary schools. The framework takes into account the following: a knowledge base, ontology, software agents, learning resources and learning/teaching content. Agents search for learning objects and extract knowledge according to learner and teacher/instructor profiles. The proposed framework would facilitate collaboration, sharing of ideas, instruction flow and access to learning and teaching content with accuracy, anytime from anywhere. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 342-347 Issue: 5 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1085167 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1085167 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:5:p:342-347 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1085168_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Job Kitetu Author-X-Name-First: Job Author-X-Name-Last: Kitetu Author-Name: Kinyua Ngige Author-X-Name-First: Kinyua Author-X-Name-Last: Ngige Title: The factors affecting functionality and sustainability of mechanized elements of water supply systems in Mbeere South Sub-County, Kenya Abstract: This paper focuses on the functionality and sustainability of mechanized elements of water supply systems. Despite the huge sums of money spent by development agencies in developing water supply systems, once the projects are handed over to communities they start experiencing breakdowns and even in some cases total failure. The study revealed the factors affecting the functionality and sustainability of mechanized elements of water supply systems in Mbeere South Sub-County. The target population was made up of people living in Makima and Mwea Divisions of Mbeere South Sub-County and the installed mechanized water systems. The functionality of mechanized elements of water supply systems varied across the study area but the study revealed that use of locally developed hand pumps and solar systems was more sustainable. Failure to adhere to the recommended schedule of maintenance, lack of spare parts and lack of enhanced training of artisans and caretakers in operation and maintenance of the water systems’ mechanized elements heavily contributed to non-functionality of the systems. The study recommends that the choice of technology for community water projects be prioritized considering operation and maintenance costs and enhanced sensitization to the importance of communities in adhering to manufacturer's recommended scheduled maintenance to improve sustainability. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 348-351 Issue: 5 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1085168 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1085168 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:5:p:348-351 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1085174_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ogochukwu Eburuoh Author-X-Name-First: Ogochukwu Author-X-Name-Last: Eburuoh Title: Open Source as a viable technical resource for Nigeria's developing health system Abstract: This article provides an in-depth analysis into the usefulness of Open Source Electronic Health Recording Systems for Nigeria's struggling health care system. It critiques the present quality of care received by patients, while advocating a revised education and management infrastructure. Open Source Software (OSS) Practice Fusion is analysed to determine how it can lead to improved efficiency, as well as the contingent factors that may hinder efficiency, in order prove its viability as a technical resource and to determine the key areas of the software necessary for successful implementation and adoption. The results of this study lead to the framework of analysis that it will be tested against once the system is implemented. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 352-357 Issue: 5 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1085174 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1085174 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:5:p:352-357 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1085175_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: John Trimble Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Trimble Author-Name: Khesani R. Chilumani Author-X-Name-First: Khesani R. Author-X-Name-Last: Chilumani Author-Name: Ngwenya Sibangiso Author-X-Name-First: Ngwenya Author-X-Name-Last: Sibangiso Title: Strategies for community focused postal service development Abstract: To maintain its relevance, the postal system must look at ways to innovate and optimize. It must optimize its use of resources and delivery of current services. It must employ innovation to develop new opportunities and services. The key will be to leverage its infrastructure and build on its strong community linkage, while taking advantages of emerging trends in information and communication technology. This study uses information gathered from the postal systems in Africa and other less developed settings. It also draws on postal expansion options identified by the Universal Postal Union (UPU) in the areas of e-post, e-commerce, e-government and e-finance, as a basis for a framework orientated to community service in southern Africa. This framework is designed to facilitate the development of a more effective postal research strategy that is well integrated into the overall business strategy of the post office, building on existing services and incorporating new e-postal services. This overall process should encourage regional and continental integration of postal services and foster citizen and community empowerment. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 358-363 Issue: 5 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1085175 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1085175 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:5:p:358-363 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1085176_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: John Tharakan Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Tharakan Title: Integrating indigenous knowledge into appropriate technology development and implementation Abstract: Appropriate Technology (AT) implementation should foster community empowerment and sustainability. Successful implementation requires community engagement throughout - technology conceptualization, development, implementation, assessment and impact evaluation. Development professionals should be sensitive to socio-cultural context and respect local knowledge, part of the Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS). IKS developed prior to modern scientific knowledge systems (MSKS), which followed colonization and “western” education. IKS are diverse, spanning ancient India, China, and the African continent. IKS encompass agriculture, food processing and preservation, water, health, and other aspects of life. IKS, context-specific intellectual resources, must be integrated into AT identification and evaluation, and directly engage the community. We examine selected IKS for agriculture, food processing and water, with examples from Sudan and India, where IKS has contributed to sustainable development. For the most part, MSKS have not exploited IKS for rural development. However, many ATs have roots in IKS, the incorporation of which has resulted in implementation success. IKS remain a largely untapped intellectual resource. Exploitation of IKS can provide some needed “innovation” for AT. To enhance sustainability of AT, existing IKS must be validated and integrated into AT. This will validate local community practices, provide context-specific development intervention loci, and result in greater probability of AT success. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 364-370 Issue: 5 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1085176 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1085176 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:5:p:364-370 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1085178_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Taurai Mutanda Author-X-Name-First: Taurai Author-X-Name-Last: Mutanda Author-Name: Brendan S. Wilhelmi Author-X-Name-First: Brendan S. Author-X-Name-Last: Wilhelmi Author-Name: Chris G. Whiteley Author-X-Name-First: Chris G. Author-X-Name-Last: Whiteley Title: Biocatalytic conversion of inulin and sucrose into short chain oligosaccharides for potential pharmaceutical applications Abstract: The production of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and inulooligosaccharides (IOS) of varying degrees of polymerization (DP) was optimized by orthogonal experimental designs using central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM). The FOS produced were quantified and maximal GF2, GF3 and GF4 were 211.09 mM, 156.06 mM and 43.99mM respectively at pH 5.6 and 60 °C. Maximal IOS produced were quantified and F3, F4 and F5 were 70.3 mM, 38.8 mM and 12.43 mM respectively at pH 6.0 and 60 °C. The detection and quantification of oligosaccharides of specific chain length from inulin hydrolysis and sucrose elongation were carried out using high performance liquid chromatography with refractive index (HPLC-RI) detection, thin layer chromatography (TLC) and mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (MS-ESI). FOS and IOS were ionized and detected in the positive ion mode using 1 mM LiCl, [M+Li]+. The FOS produced by the action of fructosyltransferases were monosaccharides (m/z=187.98), disaccharides (m/z=349.19), 1-kestose (GF2; m/z=511.25), nystose (GF3; m/z=673.27) and fructofuranosyl nystose (GF4; m/z=835.45). IOS produced were identified as fructose (F; m/z=187.01), inulobiose (F2; m/z=349.22) inulotrioses (F3; m/z=511.23), inulotetraoses (F4; m/z=673.29) and inulopentaoses (F5; m/z=835.22). Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 371-380 Issue: 5 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1085178 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1085178 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:5:p:371-380 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1085181_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: C. Verharen Author-X-Name-First: C. Author-X-Name-Last: Verharen Author-Name: F. Bugarin Author-X-Name-First: F. Author-X-Name-Last: Bugarin Author-Name: D. Schwartzman Author-X-Name-First: D. Author-X-Name-Last: Schwartzman Author-Name: J. Tharakan Author-X-Name-First: J. Author-X-Name-Last: Tharakan Author-Name: B. Gutema Author-X-Name-First: B. Author-X-Name-Last: Gutema Author-Name: J. Fortunak Author-X-Name-First: J. Author-X-Name-Last: Fortunak Author-Name: G. Middendorf Author-X-Name-First: G. Author-X-Name-Last: Middendorf Title: Ethics and extinction: Micro versus macro appropriate technology Abstract: Ethical theory and technology practice raise two primary questions. First, what are the ethical principles driving sustainable appropriate technology? Second, what are the viable applications of those principles with respect to alternative appropriate technologies? The hypothesis of this study is that the earth is experiencing the current and sixth mass extinction. Our methodology is first to review ethical principles that address this problem and then to examine their consequences in the field of renewable energy technologies. A primary engine driving mass extinction is current modes of energy production. Unless energy is readily and cheaply available, humans will struggle to form a single economic community that can guarantee the universal rights embodied in the United Nations Declarations of Universal Human Rights. Unfortunately, Micro-Appropriate Technology (AT) applications cannot presently replace the current carbon-based global energy system. This paper analyzes the ethical potential of Macro Photo-Voltaic and Concentrating Solar Power AT systems. Our conclusion argues that the world's collective nations must undertake a global solar “Manhattan Project” to arrest the sixth mass extinction and overcome the misery of billions in the Global South through ethical sustainable development. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 381-385 Issue: 5 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1085181 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1085181 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:5:p:381-385 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_976977_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Saradindu Bhaduri Author-X-Name-First: Saradindu Author-X-Name-Last: Bhaduri Title: Guest editor's note Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 497-497 Issue: 6 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.976977 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.976977 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:6:p:497-497 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_976970_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Monika Korzun Author-X-Name-First: Monika Author-X-Name-Last: Korzun Author-Name: Bamidele Adekunle Author-X-Name-First: Bamidele Author-X-Name-Last: Adekunle Author-Name: Glen C. Filson Author-X-Name-First: Glen C. Author-X-Name-Last: Filson Title: Innovation and agricultural exports: the case of sub-Saharan Africa Abstract: The multifaceted nature of agricultural innovation makes it evident that technological, industrial, human and economic factors define and redefine agricultural innovation within new cultural and technological contexts. Juxtaposing the African condition to the earlier understanding of the cross-cultural dimensions of agricultural innovation, this paper proposes that technological insufficiencies in Africa shall necessitate the creation of an enabling environment which utilises an indigenous approach to agricultural innovation. Agricultural innovation ought to use intellectual capital based on human potential and indigenous approaches to enhance long term economic growth in the African context especially in the area of trade liberalisation and agricultural exports both within the region and outside the continent of Africa. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 499-510 Issue: 6 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.976970 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.976970 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:6:p:499-510 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_976990_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Taibat Lawanson Author-X-Name-First: Taibat Author-X-Name-Last: Lawanson Author-Name: Olabode Orelaja Author-X-Name-First: Olabode Author-X-Name-Last: Orelaja Author-Name: Michael Simire Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Simire Title: Effects of climate change on a peri-urban farming community in Lagos, Nigeria Abstract: This paper investigates the effects of climate change on agricultural activities in Igbe Farming Community, Lagos, Nigeria. The paper adopts a case study methodology in which structured questionnaires were administered on 161 farmers in the community. Information on the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers, their agricultural practices, knowledge of, vulnerability to and adaptation to climate change were obtained. The study revealed that most of the migrants lease their farm plots from the indigenous land owners on annual or biennial basis and made marginal profits of $200 to $350 per farming cycle. Erratic weather patterns and aggressive urban growth of the Lagos Megacity were the major challenges they faced. Forty-eight percent of respondents thus engaged in informal enterprises to cushion the effects. The paper concludes by advancing strategies for addressing identified challenges and these include the establishment of farming cooperatives in order to access agricultural land and support from institutional bodies. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 511-517 Issue: 6 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.976990 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.976990 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:6:p:511-517 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_976972_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Akeem Ayofe Akinwale Author-X-Name-First: Akeem Ayofe Author-X-Name-Last: Akinwale Title: Development of entrepreneurial potential among undergraduates of a private university in Nigeria Abstract: Based on the theory of planned behaviour, the present article examines the development of entrepreneurial potential among the undergraduates of a private university in north-central Nigeria. A total of 250 randomly selected undergraduates from various departments participated in a survey at the university. The findings revealed that the overwhelming proportions of the respondents expressed their talents with an interest in entrepreneurship. Self-employment in the informal economy was the next plan of more than half of the respondents. Several factors such as ethnicity, level of education, self-expression, and interest in entrepreneurship influenced the expression of talents and desire for entrepreneurship. It is concluded that investment in higher education with interest in entrepreneurship will enhance the development of entrepreneurial potential among graduates in Nigeria. This suggests the need for relevant strategies including self-help, innovative behavior, and government-university-industry interaction for the development of entrepreneurship in Nigeria. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 519-528 Issue: 6 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.976972 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.976972 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:6:p:519-528 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_976989_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: John C. Harris Author-X-Name-First: John C. Author-X-Name-Last: Harris Title: The confounding influence of urban informality on innovation and production specialisation in production clusters: evidence from Nairobi Abstract: This paper investigates two agglomeration economies, innovation and production specialisation, within Nairobi's handicraft sector. The paper asks if and by what mechanics urban informality might interfere with these important potential outcomes of clustered production. A hundred and two semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants of the industry. Findings suggest that informality contravenes innovative and specialised outcomes for firms through the introduction of high levels of entrepreneurial risk, diseconomies of informal agglomeration, and rational but problematic factors of production decisions by firms. The paper concludes by making intervention recommendations. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 529-539 Issue: 6 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.976989 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.976989 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:6:p:529-539 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_976974_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Dinesh Abrol Author-X-Name-First: Dinesh Author-X-Name-Last: Abrol Author-Name: Ankush Gupta Author-X-Name-First: Ankush Author-X-Name-Last: Gupta Title: Understanding the diffusion modes of grassroots innovations in India: A study of Honey Bee Network supported innovators Abstract: In this paper we examine the outcomes and connections of preferences of the non-formal innovators identified by the Honey Bee Network (HBN) in India. The chosen mode of diffusion of each innovation has been correlated to socio-economic backgrounds, origins of knowledge of the innovators, their motivations, the fields and domains of knowledge application, and product designs characteristics. Evidence indicates that an overwhelming majority of innovations did not seem to require significant financial or technical investments and were of the kind that would be diffused through open sharing far more easily. Further, while some innovators had chosen to be innovator entrepreneurs, the scope of their business remains local and confined to the same village, town, or nearby areas in most cases. Only a handful of innovator entrepreneurs chose to expand their business outside their own locality. The authors conclude that policy makers should try to incorporate in their incubation strategies the principles of cooperation and collective participation among the grassroots innovators in their own respective places to accelerate the impact of grassroots innovations on the economy and society. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 541-552 Issue: 6 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.976974 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.976974 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:6:p:541-552 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_976992_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Tarisai Manyati Author-X-Name-First: Tarisai Author-X-Name-Last: Manyati Title: Agro-based technological innovation: a critical analysis of the determinants of innovation in the informal sector in Harare, Zimbabwe Abstract: An unresolved question in innovation studies in Africa has been on why informal innovators develop technological innovations. The objective of this study was to establish the causative factors of technological innovation among the informal innovators in Harare, Zimbabwe, who manufacture de-haulers, an agricultural technology used to thresh grains. A qualitative methodology was used in the collection of empirical primary data. In-depth interviews and observations were used in collection of primary data. The study findings revealed that small-scale farmer demands and changing socio-economic and climatic conditions have stimulated innovations in the manufacture of de-haulers. The study concludes that innovation occurs as a result of demand driven synergies which occur between the rural farmer needs and the informal innovators’ skills and knowledge. This study adds to the existing knowledge base with respect to literature of informal innovationsin Africa. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 553-561 Issue: 6 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.976992 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.976992 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:6:p:553-561 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_976973_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Fayaz Ahmad Sheikh Author-X-Name-First: Fayaz Ahmad Author-X-Name-Last: Sheikh Title: Mass Flourishing: How Grassroots Innovation Created Jobs, Challenge and Change Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 563-564 Issue: 6 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.976973 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.976973 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:6:p:563-564 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1309809_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ju Liu Author-X-Name-First: Ju Author-X-Name-Last: Liu Title: The global innovation networks and global production networks of firms: Conceptualization and implication Abstract: Today’s developments in the literature about the global networks of firms emphasize not only global production networks (GPNs) but also global innovation networks (GINs). However, the differences, commonalities and interaction between firms’ GINs and GPNs have not been theoretically and empirically clarified. Using case studies and social network analysis, this paper aims to capture the network characteristics of two case study firms’ GINs and GPNs. The findings show that these firms’ GINs and GPNs interact and are different in terms of network composition and network centralization, but are similar in terms of pattern of ties. Despite this, the GIN-GPN interaction, differences and commonality of one firm clearly differ from that of the other. The paper argues that theoretically considering the GIN and GPN as two different but interwoven layers of a firm’s global value creation network may provide better conceptual clarity for understanding management issues in the context of globalization. In addition, this paper discusses management implications for simultaneously managing firms’ globalization strategy for innovation and production as well as the theoretical implication for international business and globalization studies. It also suggests a knowledge base perspective for future research to understand better the dynamics of firms’ GINs and GPNs. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 229-240 Issue: 3 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1309809 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1309809 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:3:p:229-240 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1312778_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Solomon O. Giwa Author-X-Name-First: Solomon O. Author-X-Name-Last: Giwa Author-Name: Abayomi T. Layeni Author-X-Name-First: Abayomi T. Author-X-Name-Last: Layeni Author-Name: Collins N. Nwaokocha Author-X-Name-First: Collins N. Author-X-Name-Last: Nwaokocha Author-Name: Musedik A. Sulaiman Author-X-Name-First: Musedik A. Author-X-Name-Last: Sulaiman Title: Greenhouse gas inventory: A case of gas flaring operations in Nigeria Abstract: Inventories of the greenhouse gases (GHGs) emitted into the atmosphere through gas flaring are scarce; hence, the need for this study. Formulae reported by the Association of Petroleum Institute were used for estimating GHGs based on data (1965 to 2013) sourced from the national agency for information on gas production and flaring in Nigeria. Analytica® (4.5) was employed to estimate the uncertainty associated with the emission inventory using a Tier 2 method. In this study, 1.87 × 109 tons of CO2, 1.09 × 107 tons of CH4 and 37.41 tons of N2O were estimated to have been released into the environment through the flaring of 895.01 billion cubic metre (bcm) of gas (55.6% of the total gas produced) over the 49-year period. The homogeneity tests conducted on the CO2 data obtained from reputable institutions and those of this work showed that they are statistically unequal, though with a relatively strong positive correlation. Furthermore, the estimated CO2 in our study showed good agreement with those reported in previous studies and with the national GHG inventory. The uncertainty associated with GHGs estimation was −108.58% and 61.02%. Increased domestic utilization and export development of natural gas in the country are therefore proposed to reduce gas flaring and GHG emissions. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 241-250 Issue: 3 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1312778 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1312778 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:3:p:241-250 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1322229_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Pesanai Zanamwe Author-X-Name-First: Pesanai Author-X-Name-Last: Zanamwe Title: The potential of NIRs as a non-destructive post-harvest quality assessment tool for ‘Triumph’ persimmon fruit Abstract: The potential of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRs) as an alternative non-destructive post-harvest quality assessment tool for ‘Triumph’ persimmon fruit was assessed. Fruits were harvested at four stages of maturity and each stage was replicated four times. Fruit quality was assessed at harvest, after storage and after shelf-life. Spectra data were obtained by scanning three positions on each fruit: green equatorial, yellow equatorial and the stylar end using a multi-purpose analyzer (MPA) spectrometer. Reference data for flesh firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA) and fruit colour were determined using conventional tools on the same fruits from which NIR spectra were obtained. Reference data confirmed that a colour chart cannot categorize fruits into precise distinctive quality classes at harvest. In both the 2012 and 2013 seasons, all measured parameters had overlapping quality ranges across maturity stages. NIRs calibration and validation models showed that NIRs can predict TSS and fruit colour throughout post-harvest storage of ‘Triumph’ persimmon fruit. Furthermore, NIRs has shown some potential to predict firmness and TA by scanning certain fruit positions after storage and after shelf-life. NIRs can therefore be an alternative to the destructive TSS and TA quality assessment tools. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 251-262 Issue: 3 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1322229 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1322229 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:3:p:251-262 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1322349_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Admire Chawarika Author-X-Name-First: Admire Author-X-Name-Last: Chawarika Author-Name: Jacqueline Mutambara Author-X-Name-First: Jacqueline Author-X-Name-Last: Mutambara Author-Name: Tafireyi Chamboko Author-X-Name-First: Tafireyi Author-X-Name-Last: Chamboko Title: Competitiveness of wheat production in Zimbabwe Abstract: The main objective of the study was to assess the competitiveness of wheat production in Zimbabwe. Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) was used to determine private and social profitability of wheat production and measures of distortion. PAM results highlighted that it is not competitive to engage in wheat production in Zimbabwe under the current policy framework. This is because wheat farmers are being taxed about US$654/ha, translating to about US$4 million nationally. Low productivity of about 2 t/ha has resulted in farmers not being able to break-even and meet their costs. Domestic Resource Cost (DRC) of −0.6 indicated that Zimbabwean wheat farmers are incurring high costs of production in comparison with regional competitors. Although Nominal Protection Coefficient on Output (NPCO) of 1.036 was observed, this is not adequate to cover for high costs of production. From the empirical findings, it is important for the private sector to engage in wheat production through contract farming. This ensures that the issue of high costs of production and delayed payments from the GMB (Grain Marketing Board) are addressed. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 263-268 Issue: 3 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1322349 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1322349 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:3:p:263-268 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1322350_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Clifton Makate Author-X-Name-First: Clifton Author-X-Name-Last: Makate Author-Name: Marshall Makate Author-X-Name-First: Marshall Author-X-Name-Last: Makate Author-Name: Nelson Mango Author-X-Name-First: Nelson Author-X-Name-Last: Mango Title: Sustainable agriculture practices and livelihoods in pro-poor smallholder farming systems in southern Africa Abstract: Climate variability and change threaten and impact negatively on biodiversity, agricultural sustainability, ecosystems, and economic and social structures – factors that are all vital for human resilience and wellbeing. To cope with these challenges, embracing sustainability in food production is therefore essential. Practising sustainable agriculture is one way of ensuring sustainability in pro-poor farming communities in low-income countries. Sustainable agricultural practices are those practices enabling farmers to meet current and future societal needs for food, fibre, ecosystem services and healthy lives. This study evaluates the dynamics of farm-level adoption of sustainable agriculture practices and their effects on maize productivity, crop income and food adequacy, using data from the Chinyanja Triangle in southern Africa. We apply joint estimation techniques to estimate consistently the impact of sustainable agriculture practices on maize productivity, crop income and food adequacy. We established that the uptake of sustainable agriculture practices significantly improves productivity, income and food adequacy. The systematic targeting of reducing gender-related imbalances, enhancing ties to boost access to social capital, diversifying revenue sources to improve wealth and facilitating access to other strategic resources can conclusively enhance the uptake of sustainable agriculture practices, thus improving livelihoods. We recommend the integration of sustainable agriculture practices into rural development policy frameworks in southern Africa. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 269-279 Issue: 3 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1322350 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1322350 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:3:p:269-279 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1322748_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: A. Mayekiso Author-X-Name-First: A. Author-X-Name-Last: Mayekiso Author-Name: A. Taruvinga Author-X-Name-First: A. Author-X-Name-Last: Taruvinga Author-Name: A. Mushunje Author-X-Name-First: A. Author-X-Name-Last: Mushunje Title: Perceptions and determinants of smallholder farmers’ participation in the production of indigenous leafy vegetables: The case of Coffee Bay, Eastern Cape province of South Africa Abstract: There is a high level of consensus on the relevance of indigenous leafy vegetables (ILVs) in complementing household food security. Despite such a high level of consensus and several nutritional and health benefits, farmers have opted not to include them in their farming systems thus affecting production volumes and their availability on market. With the emerging interest of linking biodiversity to food security in the face of climate change, there is a need to appraise why many farmers have opted not to include ILVs in their farming systems. Against this background, this study used cross-sectional survey data to estimate determinants of farmers’ participation in the production of ILVs. Descriptive results reveal that the majority of people in the study area share positive perceptions with regards to ILVs. Regression estimates further indicate that production of ILVs are mostly conditioned by shared perceptions and institutional factors rather than socio-economic attributes of farmers. Public policies that address the institutional framework in favour of ILVs are more likely to promote production. Also, more research on benefits of ILVs supported by investments targeting educational campaigns towards promoting positive attitudes and dispelling fears and myths surrounding ILVs will further promote production. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 281-287 Issue: 3 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1322748 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1322748 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:3:p:281-287 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1322749_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: P. Rambe Author-X-Name-First: P. Author-X-Name-Last: Rambe Author-Name: L. Mosweunyane Author-X-Name-First: L. Author-X-Name-Last: Mosweunyane Title: A poverty-reduction oriented perspective to small business development in South Africa: A human capabilities approach Abstract: Despite the South African government’s strategic policy interventions and huge investments into small business development over the past two decades, solid evidence of the transition of informal businesses to the formal sector is hard to encounter. Furthermore, the high rates of unemployment in the country point to the growing incapacity of small-scale, micro and medium enterprises (SMMEs) to address the chronic social ills of poverty, inequality and social deprivation ravaging the country. Building on mainstream literature on the government interventions designed to promote growth without equity among SMMEs and Sen’s capabilities approach, this theoretical study advances a poverty-reduction approach to entrepreneurship underpinned by a systematic integration of multiple-level conversion factors, sustainable resourcing (especially seed funding and managerial capacity development), commercialization of business activities, a strong entrepreneurial orientation and solid managerial capabilities. Such an integrated approach was deemed to strengthen the capacity of SMMEs to survive the competition from established commercialised enterprises. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 289-302 Issue: 3 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1322749 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1322749 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:3:p:289-302 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1322769_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Albert Edgar Manyuchi Author-X-Name-First: Albert Edgar Author-X-Name-Last: Manyuchi Title: Outward foreign direct investment from South Africa’s energy sector and the transfer of environmentally sound technologies to Uganda’s energy sector Abstract: Following the end of apartheid in 1994, outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) from South Africa has been on the increase. However, the content of South African OFDI has remained an understudied topic. This article explores whether intra-regional flows of FDI from emerging African countries carry environmentally sound technologies (ESTs) to developing African countries. It examines whether and how OFDI from South Africa’s energy sector transfers ESTs to Uganda through a firm-specific case study of Eskom Enterprises and its subsidiary, Eskom Uganda Ltd. It employs secondary data from literature sources and primary data from interviews.The research results indicate that OFDI can be a carrier of ESTs from emerging African countries to developing African countries. The case study demonstrates that OFDI from South Africa’s energy sector has transferred ESTs to Uganda’s energy sector. Explicit firm-specific policies and host-country environmental policies have promoted international standards certification and transfer of ESTs. Therefore, countries and transnational corporations (TNCs) can direct OFDI flows from emerging African countries to the transfer of ESTs, thereby helping to mitigate climate change effects and promote sustainable development. It is recommended that future studies be undertaken to focus on the transmission of ESTs by African TNCs targeting other sectors and countries. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 303-314 Issue: 3 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1322769 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1322769 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:3:p:303-314 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1322799_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Tlou Ramoroka Author-X-Name-First: Tlou Author-X-Name-Last: Ramoroka Author-Name: Johannes Tsheola Author-X-Name-First: Johannes Author-X-Name-Last: Tsheola Author-Name: Mokoko Sebola Author-X-Name-First: Mokoko Author-X-Name-Last: Sebola Title: South Africa’s pedagogical transformation for participation in the global knowledge economy: Is it a panacea for modern development? Abstract: The advent of computer and Internet technologies has brought continuous and rapid transformations in technology specifically for global and national development purposes. Additionally, computer and the Internet technologies are the basis for so called the ‘e’ phenomenon such as ‘e-communication, e-education, e-trade, e-health and e-business’, among others (Yilmaz et al. 2015, 290). Therefore, the current economic structures depend on the increasing importance of knowledge and technology as the primary means of production, economic development and growth instead of labour and/or land. That is, pedagogic transformations are required to ensure that learners and the labour force acquire the necessary qualities and skills, inclusive of innovative, critical thinking and information and communication technology (ICT) skills, self-responsibility and a dedication to learning and self-realization, to enable them to participate in the global knowledge economy. Responsively, South Africa is striving to ensure that its citizens have access to affordable and fast ICT infrastructure that is able to create ‘internationally competitive knowledge economy, improve productivity and expand access to new markets’ (Manamela 2014, n.p.). It is against this background that this paper investigates theoretically the probability that pedagogical transformations are necessary for South Africa’s participation in the global knowledge economy. The paper concludes that South Africa’s participation in the global knowledge economy is a panacea for the country’s modern development aspirations. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 315-322 Issue: 3 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1322799 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1322799 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:3:p:315-322 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1327475_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: K. A. Adeniran Author-X-Name-First: K. A. Author-X-Name-Last: Adeniran Author-Name: T. D. Akpenpuun Author-X-Name-First: T. D. Author-X-Name-Last: Akpenpuun Author-Name: B. A. Akinyemi Author-X-Name-First: B. A. Author-X-Name-Last: Akinyemi Author-Name: R. A. Wasiu Author-X-Name-First: R. A. Author-X-Name-Last: Wasiu Title: Effectiveness of Moringa oleifera seed as a coagulant in domestic wastewater treatment Abstract: An investigation on the effectiveness of Moringa oleifera seed for the treatment of domestic sewage was carried out in 15 litres plastic pots. Completely randomized design (CRD) experimental design was adopted. The treatments included: the control culture (no Moringa seed), 2 g of Moringa oleifera, 4 g of Moringa oleifera and 6 g Moringa oleifera. Physical, bacteriological and chemical properties of domestic sewage were investigated before and after treatment. The turbidity value was reduced drastically for the treatments. Water hardness was reduced from 64.2 mg/l to 36 mg/l for the treatments. Alkalinity was reduced from 148 mg/l to 114 mg/l for the treatments, total solids were reduced from 1280 mg/l to 1129 mg/l for the treatments, suspended solids were reduced from 384 mg/l to 306.3 mg/l for the treatments, dissolved oxygen was reduced from 124.8 mg/l to 112.7 mg/l for the treatments, dissolved solids were reduced from 896 mg/l to 820.3 mg/l for the treatments, and acidity was increased from 0.84 to 2.02 for the treatments. The pH value was reduced from 9.6 to 7.5 for the treatments. BOD was reduced from 96.5 mg/l to 80.2 mg/l for the treatments and COD was reduced from 81.6 mg/l to 72 mg/l for the treatments. Generally, the results showed that the higher the quantity of Moringa oleifera seed applied to sewage, the better the purification of the sewage. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 323-328 Issue: 3 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1327475 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1327475 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:3:p:323-328 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1327476_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Peter K. Mbaka Author-X-Name-First: Peter K. Author-X-Name-Last: Mbaka Author-Name: John K. Mwangi Author-X-Name-First: John K. Author-X-Name-Last: Mwangi Author-Name: Clement K. Kiptum Author-X-Name-First: Clement K. Author-X-Name-Last: Kiptum Title: Assessment of water quality in selected shallow wells of Keiyo Highlands, Kenya Abstract: A supply of potable water is important for the sustenance of a healthy population. This study was conducted in the Keiyo Highlands, Elgeyo Marakwet County, in Kenya. The aim was to assess seasonal variation in physico-chemical and microbiological water quality parameters of shallow wells. The water quality parameters were analyzed during the wet season of 2015 and during the dry season that followed. Water samples were collected from 10 randomly selected wells and analyzed for pH, turbidity, total hardness, nitrates, phosphates, fluorides, faecal coliforms, total suspended solids (TSS) and total dissolved solids (TDS). The results were compared with water quality guidelines, such as those of the WHO. pH was low during both the dry (5.35 ± 0.09) and wet (6.14 ± 0.26) seasons, showing the water to be acidic. Faecal coliform values were higher than those recommended by the WHO (0/100 ml) for drinking water in both the wet (2.70 ± 1.34/100 ml) and dry (21.56 ± 10.0/100 ml) seasons. In conclusion, the elevated values of faecal coliforms indicate that utilization of water from the wells is of concern to public health. It is recommended that wells should be located away from potential sources of contamination, such as pit latrines, and should be properly covered. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 329-338 Issue: 3 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1327476 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1327476 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:3:p:329-338 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1327930_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Stephen M. Talai Author-X-Name-First: Stephen M. Author-X-Name-Last: Talai Author-Name: Dawood A. Desai Author-X-Name-First: Dawood A. Author-X-Name-Last: Desai Author-Name: P. Stephan Heyns Author-X-Name-First: P. Stephan Author-X-Name-Last: Heyns Title: Comparison of infrared thermography and miniature Deltatron accelerometer sensors in the measurement of structural vibration characteristics Abstract: This paper investigates the comparison of infrared thermography (IRT) and miniature Deltatron accelerometer sensors in measuring structural vibration characteristics in terms of frequency and displacement, given that of age IRT has fully grown for temperature condition monitoring. In addition, IRT has been extensively applied in non-destructive techniques for evaluation of surface cracks through the observation of thermal imaging of vibration-induced crack frictional heat generation. Therefore, in order to conduct this study, both single and dual cantilever beam-like structures (AISI 304 steel) coupled with a slipping frictional rod (lacing wire) were subjected to forced excitations with an infrared camera capturing the thermal profile emanating from beam-lacing wire frictional interface. Concurrently, miniature Deltatron accelerometer sensors were attached to the beam surface next to the frictional interface focused by IR camera. The thermally analyst vibration characteristics parameters were compared against those acquired by accelerometers. The comparison of results exhibited a maximum relative difference of 0.28% and 14.88% for frequencies and displacements, respectively. This shows that IRT is more reliable in measuring structural vibration frequency than displacements. The finding is particularly useful in overcoming many limitations inherent in some of the current vibration measuring techniques such strain gauges failure due to fatigue. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 339-348 Issue: 3 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1327930 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1327930 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:3:p:339-348 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1327933_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: OdunAyo Imoru Author-X-Name-First: OdunAyo Author-X-Name-Last: Imoru Author-Name: M. Arun Bhaskar Author-X-Name-First: M. Arun Author-X-Name-Last: Bhaskar Author-Name: Adisa Abdul-Ganiyu Jimoh Author-X-Name-First: Adisa Abdul-Ganiyu Author-X-Name-Last: Jimoh Author-Name: Yskandar Hamam Author-X-Name-First: Yskandar Author-X-Name-Last: Hamam Title: Diagnosis of stator shorted-turn faults in induction machines using discrete wavelet transform Abstract: Incipient detection and diagnosis of stator winding shorted-turn faults in induction machines is essential for reliable and economical operations in industries. The problem of detecting shorted-turn faults in stator windings has been difficult. Although, from the supply currents, major winding faults can easily be detected, minor faults with less than five per cent of winding turns are not easily detectable. If not detected early, such faults can lead to major winding faults which may further lead to the disruption of the machine and causes production shutdowns. This paper describes the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) based diagnosis technique that analyses stator currents under faulty (stator shorted-turn) and healthy conditions. The developed technique depends on the band pass filtering carried out by the DWT, facilitating the extraction of the harmonic components produced by the shorted-turn faults. The discrepancies energy spectrum for three frequencies from the residual of de-noising analysis enables us to classify the fault index. From 38 seconds, the shorted turn begins to show significant difference in the energy spectrum, and if this is not detected in time, it may lead to a more serious fault. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 349-355 Issue: 3 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1327933 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1327933 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:3:p:349-355 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1330840_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Rajiv Kumar Mishra Author-X-Name-First: Rajiv Kumar Author-X-Name-Last: Mishra Title: Needham’s Indian Network: The Search for a Home for the History of Science in India (1950–1970) Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 357-360 Issue: 3 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1330840 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1330840 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:3:p:357-360 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1525861_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Nnamdi Nwulu Author-X-Name-First: Nnamdi Author-X-Name-Last: Nwulu Author-Name: Mammo Muchie Author-X-Name-First: Mammo Author-X-Name-Last: Muchie Title: Engineering design and mathematical modelling: Concepts and applications Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 269-270 Issue: 3 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1525861 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1525861 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:3:p:269-270 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1527821_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Hailemichael Teshome Demissie Author-X-Name-First: Hailemichael Teshome Author-X-Name-Last: Demissie Title: Current state and trajectory of design engineering in Kenya Abstract: In the last few decades, the methods and models of engineering design practices have changed drastically due to the introduction of better technology and sophisticated design tools. Engineers are now moving away from manual design and drafting using A4 paper sheets, rulers and tri-squares to the use of computer-aided engineering tools in designing and manufacturing. These new advances in engineering design practices have led to huge increases in efficiency gains in engineering practices that, in turn, result in better infrastructure and, ultimately, economic growth and social development. Kenya needs to pay more attention to the changes in technology and expertise in the field of engineering to improve the nation’s economy. Even though Kenya, and Africa at large, are growing rapidly in technology and in the field of engineering design, there is still a big chasm between the continent and the developed countries in the practice and education of engineering design. This paper argues that more should be done in accelerating the uptake of engineering design technologies in Kenya and by the same token in the wider Africa. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 271-277 Issue: 3 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1527821 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1527821 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:3:p:271-277 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1582832_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Lawrence Joseph Kerefu Author-X-Name-First: Lawrence Joseph Author-X-Name-Last: Kerefu Author-Name: Juliana Zawadi Machuve Author-X-Name-First: Juliana Zawadi Author-X-Name-Last: Machuve Title: Student’s perception of engineering design for competitiveness in Africa: The case of Tanzania, East Africa Abstract: Engineering is vital for addressing basic human needs, improving the quality of life and creating opportunities for sustainable prosperity at local, regional, national and global levels. However, Africa faces a shortage of engineers arising from the declining interest and enrolment of young people in the relevant disciplines at higher education institutions. Africa is also flooded with numerous products from the five major emerging economies, Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, creating challenges for local engineering solutions. In this sense, engineering design capacity practice needs to be reviewed for the purpose of creating the potential for the application of local competitive engineering capacity for growth. This suggests a need for the upgrading and integration of local engineering design capacity into the mainstream, beginning with the education system. Empirical evidence from Tanzania lends support to this proposition. Primary data from undergraduate students suggest a strong focus on curricular review of engineering design capacity. Secondary data from the engineering design functions practised by industries and engineering-based R&D institutions indicates the existence of a skills mismatch which needs to be addressed. This holds important policy implications; in particular, the tertiary education curriculum ought to be sensitive to local needs and knowledge. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 279-287 Issue: 3 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1582832 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1582832 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:3:p:279-287 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1527968_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Olusegun A. Oguntona Author-X-Name-First: Olusegun A. Author-X-Name-Last: Oguntona Author-Name: Clinton O. Aigbavboa Author-X-Name-First: Clinton O. Author-X-Name-Last: Aigbavboa Title: Barriers hindering biomimicry adoption and application in the construction industry Abstract: Attaining the goal of sustainability in the construction industry is a demanding task that comes with numerous challenges and complexities. To overcome these, biomimicry, as the study and emulation of nature’s features, processes and systems for solving diverse human issues offers enormous potential. This research paper sets out to identify and present what constitutes the hindrances to biomimicry adoption and application in the construction industry (CI). The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) technique was employed to attain the aim of the research study. Out of the 120 questionnaires administered to construction professionals, 104 were completed and returned to establish their perception of the barriers to employing biomimicry in the CI. The result of the data analysis established four underlying barriers in order of their significance, namely information and technology, risk and cost, knowledge, and regulations. This methodical modus operandi towards comprehending the taxonomy of the barriers to adopting biomimicry in the CI is imperative for proffering an effective and efficient solution. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 289-297 Issue: 3 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1527968 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1527968 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:3:p:289-297 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1527881_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Solomon O. Giwa Author-X-Name-First: Solomon O. Author-X-Name-Last: Giwa Author-Name: Collins N. Nwaokocha Author-X-Name-First: Collins N. Author-X-Name-Last: Nwaokocha Author-Name: Abayomi T. Layeni Author-X-Name-First: Abayomi T. Author-X-Name-Last: Layeni Title: Inventory of kiln stacks emissions and health risk assessment: Case of a cement industry in Southwest Nigeria Abstract: Cement production is a significant source of air pollution as both gaseous and particulate materials released are detrimental to the ecosystem. This work was carried out in a cement industry located in Southwest Nigeria. The emission rates of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon dioxide (CO2) and sulphur oxides (SOx) released from the cement kilns using fuel oil, natural gas (NG) and coal were garnered for a year. Thereafter, the estimated emission quantities of the pollutants were employed to obtain the emission inventory of the cement plant. Uncertainty analysis associated with the emissions was evaluated using Analytica® (4.6). Total amounts of pollutants emitted from the plant were 4.86 tonne (t) (NOx), 18.2 t (SOx), 2.270 Kt (CO2) and 1.17 t (CO). Uncertainty range of –149.38% to 149.38% was connected to all the pollutants. Results showed that the quantities of pollutants discharged from the cement industry were considerably higher than recommended. The evaluated air quality indices for CO, NOx, and SOx implied that the health risk on exposure to these gases was hazardous. This study revealed that NG and wastes are the best fuel for kiln firing to reduce the amounts of pollutants emitted into the microenvironment of the plant. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 299-312 Issue: 3 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1527881 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1527881 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:3:p:299-312 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1527880_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ibrahim Niankara Author-X-Name-First: Ibrahim Author-X-Name-Last: Niankara Title: Modelling the effects of exposure to risk on junior faculty productivity incentives under the academic tenure system Abstract: This paper relies on modelling tools from probability theory and the economics of risk to analyze the ex-ante incentive properties of tenure from the perspective of junior faculty members. The theoretical results show that under publication value uncertainty and risk aversion, a junior faculty member publishes at a point where the expected value of publication exceeds the marginal cost of publication. In addition, under decreasing absolute risk aversion (DARA), increasing a junior faculty member's base salary reduces the implicit cost of private risk bearing thereby stimulating scientific productivity. However, increasing levels of uncertainty in the value of publication reduces faculty research incentives. These results have important implications for academic departments as they seek to enact effective policies to achieve and maintain their accreditation and reputation goals through maximum faculty productivity. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 313-322 Issue: 3 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1527880 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1527880 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:3:p:313-322 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1527967_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: O.C. Collins Author-X-Name-First: O.C. Author-X-Name-Last: Collins Author-Name: T.S. Simelane Author-X-Name-First: T.S. Author-X-Name-Last: Simelane Author-Name: K.J. Duffy Author-X-Name-First: K.J. Author-X-Name-Last: Duffy Title: Analyses of mathematical models for city population dynamics under heterogeneity Abstract: In this study, a mathematical model which takes heterogeneity into account is presented to describe city population dynamics. Initial insight is gained by qualitative analyses of a homogeneous version of this model. To understand the population dynamics of South African cities the model is applied to case studies of three major cities, Cape Town, Durban and Johannesburg. For these cases, parameter estimations are calculated from data extracted from population statistics provided for South Africa from our own and other research. The relative importance of the parameters is investigated through sensitivity analyses. Overall, it is shown that a full understanding of the population dynamics, important for city planners, should consider income and expenditure heterogeneity of these South African cities. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 323-337 Issue: 3 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1527967 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1527967 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:3:p:323-337 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1577029_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Obiora Cornelius Collins Author-X-Name-First: Obiora Cornelius Author-X-Name-Last: Collins Author-Name: Thokozani Silas Simelane Author-X-Name-First: Thokozani Silas Author-X-Name-Last: Simelane Author-Name: Kevin Jan Duffy Author-X-Name-First: Kevin Jan Author-X-Name-Last: Duffy Title: Mathematical model showing how socioeconomic dynamics in African cities could widen or reduce inequality Abstract: Cities are important forces of national socioeconomic development. Individuals in cities often belong to different socioeconomic statuses depending on their levels of income, education and nature of occupation. Income, employment and education opportunities are among the main attractions of most cities. In this study, we investigate the impact of socioeconomic status on city attractiveness for the African cities of Windhoek, Harare, Lusaka, Kinshasa and Nairobi. The socioeconomic status of samples of individuals in these cities are used to formulate a mathematical model that describes the city population dynamics. Using income as a measure, qualitative analyses of the model together with numerical simulations using survey data show how competitive relationships among the various socioeconomic status groups could widen inequality over time. Alternatively, synergetic relationships among the various socioeconomic groups could reduce this inequality. These results point to urban planning that encourages synergism between the different income classes with the aim of reducing inequality. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 339-346 Issue: 3 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1577029 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1577029 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:3:p:339-346 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1575539_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Nyasha Mahonye Author-X-Name-First: Nyasha Author-X-Name-Last: Mahonye Author-Name: Tatenda Zengeni Author-X-Name-First: Tatenda Author-X-Name-Last: Zengeni Title: Exchange rate impact on output and inflation: A historical perspective from Zimbabwe Abstract: This research looks at the inflationary effect of currency devaluation and its contractionary effect on real output growth in Zimbabwe. The study uses quarterly data from 1990 to 2006 and utilizes the Johansen co-integration regression test and vector error correction method (VECM); and examines the short run and long run relationship between exchange rate, inflation and real output. The study finds that firstly, in both the short run and long run, fluctuations in the real exchange rate are significant on real output growth and expansionary in both periods. Secondly, the findings of the study suggest that exchange rate fluctuations are neither inflationary nor deflationary in Zimbabwe in the short run. Lastly, the result of the long run supports our hypothesis that devaluation of real exchange rate is inflationary. It implies that the weakening of domestic currency as part of the exchange rate liberalization policy is an incentive to Zimbabwean exporters and has potential economic growth gains though, in the long run, it has inflationary effects. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 347-358 Issue: 3 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1575539 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1575539 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:3:p:347-358 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1540126_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Uyikumhe Damisa Author-X-Name-First: Uyikumhe Author-X-Name-Last: Damisa Author-Name: Nnamdi I. Nwulu Author-X-Name-First: Nnamdi I. Author-X-Name-Last: Nwulu Author-Name: Yanxia Sun Author-X-Name-First: Yanxia Author-X-Name-Last: Sun Title: A mathematical formulation of the joint economic and emission dispatch problem of a renewable energy-assisted prosumer microgrid Abstract: Operational planning of prosumer microgrids with solar and wind energy sources is quite a complex task considering the intermittency of these sources and energy import/export from prosumers. Reserve capacities which can be reliably provided by dispatchable sources like conventional generators (CGs) may be needed to ensure reliability of the grid. However, these sources produce emissions which have adverse effects on the environment. Hence, emission curtailment should be incorporated in the operational planning of microgrids with these generators. In this paper, a mathematical formulation for the joint economic and emission dispatch of a renewable energy-assisted prosumer microgrid is presented and solved using the CPLEX Solver in Advanced Interactive Multidimensional Modelling System (AIMMS). A modified microgrid test system is used as a case study in this work. Results show that incorporating an emission function in the objective of the operational dispatch formulation not only reduces emissions, but could be of advantage to customers as larger capacities of their behind-the-meter resources get the chance to provide grid ancillary services; however, it also puts a restriction on the profit that could be made from selling energy to the main grid during periods when energy prices are high. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 359-367 Issue: 3 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1540126 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1540126 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:3:p:359-367 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1527888_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Kabeya Musasa Author-X-Name-First: Kabeya Author-X-Name-Last: Musasa Author-Name: Musole Innocent Muheme Author-X-Name-First: Musole Innocent Author-X-Name-Last: Muheme Author-Name: Nnamdi Ikechi Nwulu Author-X-Name-First: Nnamdi Ikechi Author-X-Name-Last: Nwulu Author-Name: Mammo Muchie Author-X-Name-First: Mammo Author-X-Name-Last: Muchie Title: A simplified control scheme for electric vehicle-power grid circuit with DC distribution and battery storage systems Abstract: The direct current (DC) system is becoming the major trend for future internal power grid of electric vehicles (EVs). Since DC power grid system has a different nature to conventional alternating current (AC) grid system, appropriate design of the controller for EV-grid circuit is mandatory. In this paper, an EV employing a pure DC grid circuit with battery storage system (BSS) is considered as a study case. To enable a more efficient use of BSS, a flyback DC-DC converter for batteries charger/or discharger strategy is selected, which satisfies the power flows requirements. The dynamic and control performances of the combined system, i.e. ‘BSS-flyback DC-DC converter connected to a DC motor’, is investigated in terms of voltage/current signal fluctuations. The small-signal based control method is used, which limits the small-signal variations to about zero. To verify the effectiveness of the control strategy, several simulations are done using Matlab. The simulation results illustrate the performances obtained. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 369-374 Issue: 3 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1527888 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1527888 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:3:p:369-374 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1527983_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Njabulo Kambule Author-X-Name-First: Njabulo Author-X-Name-Last: Kambule Author-Name: Kowiyou Yessoufou Author-X-Name-First: Kowiyou Author-X-Name-Last: Yessoufou Author-Name: Nnamdi Nwulu Author-X-Name-First: Nnamdi Author-X-Name-Last: Nwulu Author-Name: Charles Mbohwa Author-X-Name-First: Charles Author-X-Name-Last: Mbohwa Title: Temporal analysis of electricity consumption for prepaid metered low- and high-income households in Soweto, South Africa Abstract: This study explores the temporal trend in electricity consumption since the introduction of prepaid metres in low-income households of Soweto and compares the findings with high-income households. Monthly electricity consumption data (over 96 months: 2007–2014) for 4427 households in Soweto, for both low- and high-income households, was collected from Eskom. Using a simple linear model to analyse consumption trends in low-income households, we ascertained that electricity consumption has decreased by 48% since the inception of prepaid metres. Nonetheless, it is noted that 60% of household incomes are spent on electricity bills, which is way above the threshold set for energy poverty. Comparatively, high-income households consume less electricity than low-income households do. Overall, the prepaid metre programme is producing expected results for Eskom but remains a challenge for low-income households, which are still entrenched in energy poverty. We call for an energy policy that is tailored for each income groups and the formulation of laws and policies to protect the energy vulnerable households. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 375-382 Issue: 3 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1527983 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1527983 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:3:p:375-382 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1575557_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Akintunde Samson Alayande Author-X-Name-First: Akintunde Samson Author-X-Name-Last: Alayande Author-Name: Nnamdi Nwulu Author-X-Name-First: Nnamdi Author-X-Name-Last: Nwulu Title: A novel approach for the identification of critical nodes and transmission lines for mitigating voltage instability in power networks Abstract: Voltage collapse is a major issue combating the effectiveness and optimal operation of modern power systems in recent times. This is a great threat to the security and reliability of modern power systems and, in recent times, it has been a growing concern for power system engineers, researchers and utilities. A prompt identification of transmission lines whose outage could lead to a cascading failure and the sets of nodes where voltage collapse could erupt, during critical outages, is therefore a vital issue for a reliable and secure power system operation. An alternative approach to solving these problems is therefore presented in this paper. The problem is viewed from the graph-theoretical perspective, considering the topological properties of power networks. Application of the fundamental circuit theory is employed and the bus-to-line matrix (BLM) is formulated. This matrix provides clearer insights into the interconnections of the components within the network. This valuable information is captured and used for identifying the critical elements where a suitable location for reactive power support could be placed to avoid voltage collapse of the network. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is tested using a simple 10-bus power network. The results obtained are compared with those obtained from the existing approaches. The results obtained show a strong correlation and agreement between the proposed and the existing approaches. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 383-390 Issue: 3 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1575557 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1575557 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:3:p:383-390 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1577028_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Patrick Mukumba Author-X-Name-First: Patrick Author-X-Name-Last: Mukumba Author-Name: Golden Makaka Author-X-Name-First: Golden Author-X-Name-Last: Makaka Author-Name: Sampson Mamphweli Author-X-Name-First: Sampson Author-X-Name-Last: Mamphweli Author-Name: Peace-maker Masukume Author-X-Name-First: Peace-maker Author-X-Name-Last: Masukume Title: Design, construction and mathematical modelling of the performance of a biogas digester for a family in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa Abstract: Currently, South Africa is experiencing electricity blackouts as result of an energy shortage. Biogas can be a solution to South Africa’s energy needs, especially in the rural areas of the Eastern Cape province that have plenty of biogas substrates from cattle, donkeys, goats, sheep and chicken. The purpose of this paper is to design and construct a 1 m3 family biogas digester and model its performance using donkey dung as a biogas substrate. The installation of this type digester in rural communities of South Africa has economic, social and environmental advantages. The digestate from the digester is a valuable soil fertilizer, rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micronutrients, which can be applied on soils. The mathematical model equation developed is highly beneficial in the rural areas of the Eastern Cape province of South Africa where many donkeys are kept. Currently, no mathematical models have been developed for optimum methane yield from the named substrate. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 391-398 Issue: 3 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1577028 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1577028 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:3:p:391-398 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1692461_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Daria Tomasova Author-X-Name-First: Daria Author-X-Name-Last: Tomasova Title: Analysis and assessment of innovative culture development Abstract: The vast number of transformations in the present business environment, its significant growth and the variety of its possibilities, together with the need for accelerated development of economic systems tightly linked to innovative culture development necessitated this paper. The task of this paper is to review personnel innovative development, directions including increase in labour productivity, educational potential, innovative qualification, innovative culture level and innovative climate through overcoming innovative barriers. Methods of contrastive analysis, dynamic analysis, method of decomposition and fuzzy sets theory’s tools form the methodological basis of the research. As a result of practical research, the paper considers author's classification of the personnel barriers to the innovation development in the company and the complex of their quantitative indicators. This research may be useful for management as the performed innovative culture diagnostics allow estimating the depth of personnel innovative development and personnel involved in innovative processes, forming conclusions of dynamics of overcoming personnel barriers to innovative activity. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 665-677 Issue: 6 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1692461 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1692461 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:6:p:665-677 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1721635_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Olufunke Oladipupo Author-X-Name-First: Olufunke Author-X-Name-Last: Oladipupo Author-Name: Ibukun Afolabi Author-X-Name-First: Ibukun Author-X-Name-Last: Afolabi Author-Name: Stephen Adubi Author-X-Name-First: Stephen Author-X-Name-Last: Adubi Author-Name: Olaperi Sowunmi Author-X-Name-First: Olaperi Author-X-Name-Last: Sowunmi Title: Discovering the research focus of higher academic institutions Abstract: The research focus of an institution indicates the academic strength of the institution. This academic strength goes a long way to determine the quality of academic product expected from such an institution. To this effect, this study aims at analyzing the research publication strength of 70 Nigerian universities that are visible in Scopus database for Computer Science from inception to 22 December 2017. They include 35 federal, 27 state and 8 private universities. This study is divided into two phases; the first phase consists of six major steps in a waterfall model and the second is carried out by adopting a knowledge discovery model using a clustering algorithm for pattern discovery in an unstructured data model. The data source for the analysis is the Scopus indexing database recommended by the Times Higher Education for international ranking of higher institutions. From the first phase, the predominant outlet for each institution was discovered alongside the percentage of publications in the dominant outlet and the number of publications by the institution within the database over the period of the analysis. In the second phase, the predominant areas of research of each institution within the field of Computer Science was determined. In particular, it was observed that such areas as deep learning and data science are under researched. The findings also revealed networking as the most published area in Nigerian universities, and a number of Nigerian computer science scholars engage in application research which link Computer Science with other disciplines with Nigeria and Africa as case studies. The findings from this research can support postgraduate students’ decision in making the right choice of institution based on their research interest. It will also serve as an eye-opener for industries in promoting a result-oriented university-industry partnership. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 679-687 Issue: 6 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1721635 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1721635 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:6:p:679-687 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1718363_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Oluseye Oladayo Jegede Author-X-Name-First: Oluseye Oladayo Author-X-Name-Last: Jegede Title: Open development and scaling-up of clustered enterprises in Nigeria’s informal sector Abstract: This study outlined how the microenterprises overcome numerous challenges common to start-up through ‘open development’ characterized by collective sharing of knowledge, tools, equipment and workforce amongst competing microenterprises, and belonging to trade/professional associations that ensure that knowledge becomes a public good that can be accessed by everyone who needs it. The study found that majority of the microenterprises studied experienced scaling-up from between a few months to around three years from inception, while only a few scaled-up after three years. This paper shows strong positive relationships between variables capturing open development activities (internal training programmes within enterprise, knowledge acquisition from competitors within the cluster, intra-family learning and training, open innovations) and incidence of scale-up. Incidence of scale-up was captured using significant increase in the size of the enterprise, capital base, business activity or turnover or gross sales relative to start up. The study concluded that clustering of small businesses in Africa facilitates open development and is a potential avenue to overcoming the financial constraints commonly associated with small firms and can thus be an enabler of industry growth. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 689-698 Issue: 6 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1718363 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1718363 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:6:p:689-698 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1731073_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: H. A. Koffi Author-X-Name-First: H. A. Author-X-Name-Last: Koffi Author-Name: A. A. Yankson Author-X-Name-First: A. A. Author-X-Name-Last: Yankson Author-Name: A. F. Hughes Author-X-Name-First: A. F. Author-X-Name-Last: Hughes Author-Name: K. Ampomah-Benefo Author-X-Name-First: K. Author-X-Name-Last: Ampomah-Benefo Author-Name: J. K. A. Amuzu Author-X-Name-First: J. K. A. Author-X-Name-Last: Amuzu Title: Determination of the series resistance of a solar cell through its maximum power point Abstract: A simple analytical approach has been developed to determine the series resistance, Rs, of a solar cell. The method adopted here depends only on the knowledge of the open-circuit voltage, Voc, and the current and voltage at the maximum power point, Isc and Vmp respectively. This approach, based on a knowledge of these operating output parameters of the cell, provides a theoretical framework for an existing computer simulated approach which has been widely used in industries. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 699-702 Issue: 6 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1731073 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1731073 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:6:p:699-702 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1701775_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Desmond Eseoghene Ighravwe Author-X-Name-First: Desmond Eseoghene Author-X-Name-Last: Ighravwe Author-Name: Moses Olubayo Babatunde Author-X-Name-First: Moses Olubayo Author-X-Name-Last: Babatunde Author-Name: Iheanacho Henry Denwigwe Author-X-Name-First: Iheanacho Henry Author-X-Name-Last: Denwigwe Author-Name: Daniel Osezua Aikhuele Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Osezua Author-X-Name-Last: Aikhuele Title: A STEEP-cum-SWOT approach for maintenance strategy evaluation for an off-grid PV-powered street lighting system Abstract: Recently, the installation of street light systems in remote communities has experienced significant improvement. This improvement has a direct relationship with the innovations in off-grid standalone energy sources. However, there exists sparse information on standalone PV-powered street light system maintenance. This is because existing models consider mainly the technical aspects of this system maintenance. The current study, therefore, presents a robust perspective on this system maintenance. It presents a framework that evaluates maintenance strategies for off-grid PV-powered street light systems; the framework considered STEEP (social, technical, economic, environmental and policy) requirements during maintenance activities. These requirements were used to design a SWOT (strength, weakness, opportunity and threats) framework that analyzes maintenance strategies for this system using a standard TOPS IS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) and a fuzzy TOPSIS (F-TOPSIS) methods. Data from a community in Nigeria were used to test the proposed STEEP-cum-SWOT framework performance. It was observed that risk-based and condition-based maintenance strategies are the least and most suitable strategies for a standalone off-grid PV-powered street light system in the community. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 703-714 Issue: 6 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1701775 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1701775 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:6:p:703-714 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1701774_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Seyi Olalekan Olawuyi Author-X-Name-First: Seyi Olalekan Author-X-Name-Last: Olawuyi Author-Name: Abbyssinia Mushunje Author-X-Name-First: Abbyssinia Author-X-Name-Last: Mushunje Title: Information acquisition and adoption of conservation agriculture by smallholder farmers in South-West Nigeria: Recursive bivariate probit estimation Abstract: The persistent use of traditional farming practices and cultivation of low yielding variety of crops on scattered small farmland holdings by agrarian farming households in Nigeria has put pressure on land and water resources, consequently leading to depletion of soil productivity with spill-over effects on the environment, crop-output and farm-income. Addressing this requires a holistic approach, especially in light of farmers’ apathy towards transitioning from traditional farming practices to more sustainable ones, and motivated this research. This research used cross-sectional survey data obtained from 350 farmers randomly chosen from South-West Nigeria. This study applied a descriptive statistical technique to present the mean statistics of sampled farmers’ characteristics. Similarly, the study applied a bivariate probit model to examine the influences on farmers’ decisions about conservation agriculture (CA) adoption, as well as to isolate the factors driving farmers’ choices on acquisition of information decision and the use of CA practices. The results revealed that decisions to acquire information and adopt CA were jointly determined by farmers, owing to the positive and strong correlation parameter-rho in the estimated model. More so, the post-estimation Murphy test score apparently revealed no significant departure from the normal and jointly distributed error terms. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 715-725 Issue: 6 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1701774 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1701774 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:6:p:715-725 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1711319_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Vine Mutyasira Author-X-Name-First: Vine Author-X-Name-Last: Mutyasira Title: Prospects of sustainable intensification of smallholder farming systems: A farmer typology approach Abstract: Smallholder farming systems are highly diverse, owing to differences in farmers’ resource endowments, levels of technology use, degree of market access and agro-ecological factors. Consequently, the prospects of achieving sustainable intensification of smallholder farming systems need to be examined vis-à-vis the dominant farmer typologies, so as to help craft effective and tailored interventions. The objective of this paper is to develop a methodology to establish farm typologies prevalent within the smallholder farming systems and infer their implications for the drive to achieve sustainable intensification of agriculture. A cross-sectional survey was carried out, covering 600 households in four regions of Ethiopia’s Highlands. Multivariate statistical techniques of Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA) were used to group farmers into four distinct clusters. The study then compared relative levels of agricultural intensification and sustainability across the different typology clusters. The study found that households who are more commercially oriented and have larger landholdings, higher levels of productive assets and livestock ownership, exhibit higher levels of both agricultural intensification and relative sustainability. The study concludes that the farm typology approach has important policy application as it helps identify the set of socioeconomic characteristics of farmers that influence their propensity to achieve sustainable intensification. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 727-734 Issue: 6 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1711319 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1711319 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:6:p:727-734 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1694780_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Angeline Mujeyi Author-X-Name-First: Angeline Author-X-Name-Last: Mujeyi Author-Name: Maxwell Mudhara Author-X-Name-First: Maxwell Author-X-Name-Last: Mudhara Author-Name: Munyaradzi J. Mutenje Author-X-Name-First: Munyaradzi J. Author-X-Name-Last: Mutenje Title: Adoption determinants of multiple climate smart agricultural technologies in Zimbabwe: Considerations for scaling-up and out Abstract: Using a multistage sampling technique, data were collected from 386 households in four districts of Zimbabwe to investigate current Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) technology combinations smallholder farmers practising integrated crop-livestock farming are adopting, as well as the determinants of adoption. The study used two econometric techniques to address the objectives. Firstly, principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to identify the CSA technology combinations smallholder farmers adopted. Secondly, multinomial logistic regression model was then used to analyze the adoption of the constructed CSA technology bundles. The study identified three prominent technology bundles/combinations. The multinomial logistic selection model results reveal that observable household and market access characteristics influence the likelihood of a farming household adopting any CSA technology bundle. The results highlight that gender of household head, farm characteristics (soil type and labour size) and institutional factors (market access, information access and access to credit) are the main factors that determine the adoption of various CSA technology combinations. Thus, the study recommends that the government should design policies aimed at improving farmers’ knowledge with regards to CSA, including early warning systems and programmes that enhance access to information, markets and credit. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 735-746 Issue: 6 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1694780 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1694780 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:6:p:735-746 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1732595_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Getachew Sime Author-X-Name-First: Getachew Author-X-Name-Last: Sime Author-Name: Girma Tilahun Author-X-Name-First: Girma Author-X-Name-Last: Tilahun Author-Name: Mulugeta Kebede Author-X-Name-First: Mulugeta Author-X-Name-Last: Kebede Title: Assessment of biomass energy use pattern and biogas technology domestication programme in Ethiopia Abstract: Biogas is an energy-efficient and environmentally beneficial technology used as an alternative to biomass energy sources. The objective of this study was to evaluate the traditional biomass energy system in Ethiopia and the National Biogas Program of Ethiopia (NBPE) as an alternative energy system. The study involved key informants, government legislation documents and strategy papers, bio-digester operating households and extensive literature reviews. The article provides a review of relevant literature in terms of both biogas technology and policy documents and related strategies in the Ethiopian context that support the NBPE. The literature review touches on both the technology itself and the policy aspects from within the country, sub-Saharan Africa and Asian countries. Furthermore, the article provides effective use and assessment of the findings for theory and policy of traditional biomass energy systems and biogas technology programmes. We argue that biogas technology is crucial as alternative sources of energy in Ethiopia, specifically for rural areas as it negates the disproportionate use of available traditional energy sources of firewood, cow dung, agricultural residues and charcoal. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 747-757 Issue: 6 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1732595 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1732595 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:6:p:747-757 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1799545_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Thales Pacific Yapatake Kossele Author-X-Name-First: Thales Pacific Author-X-Name-Last: Yapatake Kossele Author-Name: Manuella Ndjakwa Tonga Author-X-Name-First: Manuella Author-X-Name-Last: Ndjakwa Tonga Author-Name: Magalie Gabriella Ngaba Mbai-Akem Author-X-Name-First: Magalie Gabriella Author-X-Name-Last: Ngaba Mbai-Akem Title: Eco-friendly environment in Cameroon: Does an increase in fossil fuel energy consumption influence economic growth? Abstract: This study examines the relationship between fossil fuel consumption and economic growth in ensuring energy conservation steps to reduce reliance on fossil fuels for a friendly environment in Cameroon covering the period of 1996–2013. The Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to cointegration and the dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) were used for the analysis. The results of long-run coefficients using the ARDL model show a significant and negative relationship between fossil fuel energy consumption, government effectiveness, and economic growth while foreign direct investment (FDI) is not statistically significant but affects economic growth positively. The results of DOLS show a negative and non-significant relationship of fossil fuel energy consumption and government effectiveness, while FDI is statistically significant but affects economic growth positively. In light of the link between fossil fuel consumption and economic growth, it can be assumed that the shift from fossil fuel consumption to renewable energy will be not harmful to economic growth. Therefore, the government must shortly shift to renewable-based energy consumption by designing, implementing, and following up effective policies to promote investment in the renewable energy sector, thereby reducing challenges linked to climate change and global warming. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 759-769 Issue: 6 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1799545 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1799545 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:6:p:759-769 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1692460_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mrunmayee Manjari Sahoo Author-X-Name-First: Mrunmayee Manjari Author-X-Name-Last: Sahoo Author-Name: Kanhu Charan Patra Author-X-Name-First: Kanhu Charan Author-X-Name-Last: Patra Title: River water quality modelling and simulation based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo computation and Bayesian inference model Abstract: Hierarchical Bayesian methods are experiencing increased use for probabilistic ecological modelling. Influence of water quality indicators in the river water are studied. Bayesian inference through Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm is used as the basic model to assess the rate of water pollution using conjugate and non-informative priors. The algorithm used flow velocity, physico-chemical and biological parameters as the three model parameters. MCMC simulates a chain that converges on posterior parameter distributions, which can be regarded as a sample for posterior estimations. The results show the biological parameters have a negative impact on quality of water, whereas the quality is improved while considering the physico-chemical parameters and flow velocity. The Bayesian MCMC produces the posterior distributions which are heavily influenced by the priors along with given likelihood function. However, the simulation (MCMC) based estimates of posterior distributions may vary due to the use of a random number of generators in procedures. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 771-785 Issue: 6 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1692460 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1692460 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:6:p:771-785 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1772952_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mustapha Immurana Author-X-Name-First: Mustapha Author-X-Name-Last: Immurana Title: How does FDI influence health outcomes in Africa? Abstract: While most developing countries are devising strategies to attract more Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows, the effect of FDI on sustainable economic development remains debatable, with very little known on its health effects. Using data from 1980 to 2018 on 43 African countries, this study therefore, investigates the effect of FDI on health outcomes (life expectancy and the death rate) by employing the panel fixed effects estimator. The study finds that, FDI improves health outcomes even after robustness checks using different estimator and specification. The implication is that, efforts toward attracting more FDI into Africa as well as making optimum use of the advantages that accompany FDI, should be deepened given its health enhancing effects. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 583-593 Issue: 5 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1772952 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1772952 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:5:p:583-593 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1793466_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Rose B. Mathafena Author-X-Name-First: Rose B. Author-X-Name-Last: Mathafena Author-Name: Anton Grobler Author-X-Name-First: Anton Author-X-Name-Last: Grobler Title: Perceived organizational support and leader-member exchange in cultivating innovative behaviour in South African organizations Abstract: South Africa, as a developing and emerging economy, needs to participate in innovative, creative and entrepreneurial activities. In this context, it is necessary to study the effects of perceived organizational support and leader-member exchange on innovative behaviour in South African organizations. This empirical study was conducted within a quantitative positivist paradigm. A cross sectional design method was applied. A total of 1919 participants completed the self-administered surveys. A total of 31 organizations participated, with 73% of the respondents from the private sector, 18% from the public sector and 9% from state-owned entities. Both perceived organizational support and leader-member exchange were found to have a statistically significant effect on innovative behaviour in both the private and public sectors. Only leader-member exchange indicated a positive effect on innovativeness for state-owned entities. Furthermore, leader-member exchange was found to have a mediatory effect on the relationship between perceived organizational support and innovative behaviour, irrespective of the sector. The findings highlight the importance of the quality of leader-member exchange in improving both employee innovative behaviours as well as strengthening and reinforcing employees’ perception of organizational support. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 559-571 Issue: 5 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1793466 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1793466 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:5:p:559-571 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1791386_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Rene W. Albertus Author-X-Name-First: Rene W. Author-X-Name-Last: Albertus Author-Name: Desiree Hamman-Fisher Author-X-Name-First: Desiree Author-X-Name-Last: Hamman-Fisher Title: Investigating information technology skills retention challenges in South Africa’s public sector Abstract: South Africa’s democracy in 1994 triggered the promotion of socio-economic development in the public sector, with specific emphasis on improving infrastructure and bridging the information Technology (IT) skills gap. In this paper, the factors that influence the retention of competent IT resources for the State Information Technology Agency (SITA) are examined. The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) is the underlying theoretical framework. A case study approach is employed as a suitable qualitative research design to investigate contemporary occurrences in real-life settings for exploratory and theory-building research. Empirical insights, regarding excessive power accumulation, lack of accountability, and skills imbalance, in state enterprises, are provided to manage IT infrastructure, effectively. The authors assert that reliance on consultants, promotes opportunistic bargaining that could be detrimental to the government’s strategy to retain skilled IT resources. The results reveal that recruiting and retaining appropriately skilled IT professionals, would address challenges of information asymmetry in the SITA, and facilitate the building of a strong professional network to manage the state enterprises’ IT platforms. The analyzed data emanate from the minutes of meetings, as well as published media sources, and validated by the project’s respondents. One limitation is that the stakeholders did not disclose all the facts. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 541-549 Issue: 5 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1791386 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1791386 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:5:p:541-549 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1771979_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Faith Hamala Wandera Author-X-Name-First: Faith Hamala Author-X-Name-Last: Wandera Title: The innovation system for diffusion of small wind in Kenya: Strong, weak or absent? A technological innovation system analysis Abstract: Kenya is currently seeking to promote rural electrification through a decentralized approach for deploying renewable energy. This article asks whether an innovation system is in place to support the diffusion of small wind which could complement rural electrification using solar photovoltaics. In order to do this, the technological innovation systems framework is drawn upon using a qualitative approach to assess the performance of the small wind turbine sector in Kenya, along the seven innovation system functions. The study is the first to apply this framework to the diffusion of small wind turbine technology. The findings indicate the existence of a nascent and very weak technological innovation system, despite the relatively long history of small wind turbines in Kenya. Weaknesses established in the functions of mobilization of financial resources, guidance of the search for appropriate models and solutions and creation of legitimacy of the technology are all inhibiting the progress of diffusing small wind turbine technology in Kenya. The functions of knowledge development, entrepreneurial activities, networks and market formation were established to be supporting diffusion, although not very strongly. The analysis and conclusions point to the need for enhanced policy attention to target setting, skills enhancement and overall innovation system building. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 527-539 Issue: 5 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1771979 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1771979 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:5:p:527-539 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1769251_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Pascal S. Doh Author-X-Name-First: Pascal S. Author-X-Name-Last: Doh Author-Name: Jussi S. Jauhiainen Author-X-Name-First: Jussi S. Author-X-Name-Last: Jauhiainen Title: Multilevel analysis of the factors and talent-building elements of aspiring African star scientists in their international scientific networks Abstract: The existing literature does not sufficiently address the context-specific aspects of talents. In this article, we study the success factors of aspiring African star scientists who outperform other scientists internationally. We focus on 35 fellows of a renowned science excellence programme for African scientists below 43 years. We conducted in-depth interviews and analyzed their profiles. Most of them have attained achievements well beyond established scientists in their home countries and universities abroad. A significant majority narrated that they had built the talents at an early age, often citing the approaches of a few primary and secondary schoolteachers which influenced them. These enabled them to conceive education differently and distinguished them from their peers. A majority pointed to their parents’ educational and professional backgrounds, as well as their motivational roles. This compensated for the deficits in the developing countries’ education systems, raising them as ‘academic elite’. Almost 90% illustrated consistent giftedness but narrated complementary elements at subsequent (postsecondary) levels. One general source of their talents is their motivation to navigate between disciplines beyond their core specializations. These provided multi- and transdisciplinary competences, competitive advantage and dynamism to innovate. A multilevel reinforcement of the factors and context-specific talents could increase the number of African star scientists and possibly also those in other developing countries. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 573-582 Issue: 5 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1769251 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1769251 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:5:p:573-582 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1774962_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Owen Y. Chamdimba Author-X-Name-First: Owen Y. Author-X-Name-Last: Chamdimba Author-Name: Gerald F. Ortmann Author-X-Name-First: Gerald F. Author-X-Name-Last: Ortmann Author-Name: Edilegnaw Wale Author-X-Name-First: Edilegnaw Author-X-Name-Last: Wale Title: Resilience to shocks and food insecurity: Determinants, and the impact of smallholder jatropha curcas cultivation in Southern Malawi Abstract: This paper studied household resilience to food insecurity, its determinants, and the impact of shocks on welfare in Southern Malawi. The resilience concept is evolving. A crucial issue in scholarly and policy space is how it is measured. This paper proposed an aggregated index measure and empirically tested it to study determinants as well as the impact of jatropha cultivation on resilience to food insecurity. The study used a unique cross-sectional dataset of 298 smallholders which included 100 jatropha cultivating farmers, collected using purposive and random sampling strategies. The resilience index was a good predictor of household welfare. Empirical evidence showed that shocks, various capital assets and institutional factors were significant determinants of resilience to food security. Jatropha cultivating farmers had less resilience capacity to food insecurity than their counterparts. The study did not find any evidence to support the notion that jatropha cultivation significantly influenced resilience to food insecurity. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 619-633 Issue: 5 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1774962 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1774962 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:5:p:619-633 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1773605_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Amani G. Rweyendela Author-X-Name-First: Amani G. Author-X-Name-Last: Rweyendela Author-Name: William J. S. Mwegoha Author-X-Name-First: William J. S. Author-X-Name-Last: Mwegoha Title: Industrial symbiosis in Tanzania: A case study from the sugar industry Abstract: The concept of industrial symbiosis (IS) offers enormous potential for more sustainable manufacturing processes. This paper sets out to explore the IS forms occurring at a case study of the Kilombero Sugar Company Limited (KSCL), the largest sugar refinery in Tanzania; and identify the underlying factors based on the data collected through key informant interviews, observational site visits, and relevant documentary reviews. Findings reveal an evolving IS network at KSCL involving physical exchanges of bagasse, molasses, filter cake, and boiler ash and utility sharing among seven co-located units. Through these modest internal IS arrangements, KSCL has optimized resource use, thereby minimizing negative environmental impacts inherent from emissions, as well as generating additional revenues from resource recovery, in particular the alcohol distillery unit. Results also show that KSCL’s industrial ecosystem is fragile due to limited functional and structural diversity. We identify several drivers and barriers as possible leverage points. The lessons from KSCL are expected to provide a valuable reference for IS development in Africa. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 595-606 Issue: 5 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1773605 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1773605 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:5:p:595-606 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1777676_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Linus Kipkorir Chirchir Author-X-Name-First: Linus Kipkorir Author-X-Name-Last: Chirchir Author-Name: Wilson Kipkirui Aruasa Author-X-Name-First: Wilson Kipkirui Author-X-Name-Last: Aruasa Author-Name: Stanley Kulei Chebon Author-X-Name-First: Stanley Kulei Author-X-Name-Last: Chebon Title: Technical factors influencing electronic health records adoption by nurses at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kenya Abstract: This study explored how technical factors influence Electronic Health Records (EHR) adoption by nurses at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH), Eldoret, Kenya. Descriptive cross-sectional research design was used. Data were collated through a questionnaire. Simple random sampling method was deployed to select 279 out of 926 nurses from the various Directorates. All the filled surveys were coded into IBM SPSS 21.0 statistical software. Descriptive statistics, including means, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis were employed to analyze the various variables. Correlation and linear regression analysis were utilized to determine how Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure, internet access and physical security influence the adoption of EHRs. The significance level was at p < 0.05 for every statistical set. The findings were presented using tables and figures. The findings reveal that nurses agreed that MTRH premises are highly secured (M = 4.219, SD = 0.7386). The study found a positive, strong and statistically meaningful link between the technical factors and EHR adoption (correlation analysis, r (279) = 0.543, p < 0.05; linear regression analysis, F (1,277) = 116.036, p <  0.01). Therefore, to overcome the technical barriers, public-private partnerships should be encouraged for more investments in ICT infrastructure development at MTRH. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 551-558 Issue: 5 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1777676 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1777676 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:5:p:551-558 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1765469_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Thomas Nyanda Reuben Author-X-Name-First: Thomas Nyanda Author-X-Name-Last: Reuben Author-Name: Grivin Chipula Author-X-Name-First: Grivin Author-X-Name-Last: Chipula Author-Name: Thawani Mpatama Sanjika Author-X-Name-First: Thawani Mpatama Author-X-Name-Last: Sanjika Author-Name: Darwin Dodoma Singa Author-X-Name-First: Darwin Dodoma Author-X-Name-Last: Singa Title: Energy and water utilization in smallholder dairy farming: A milk bulking group case study in Malawi Abstract: Malawi’s dairy farming is dominated by smallholder farmers living in rural areas. The farmers practise hand-milking and have an unreliable supply of clean water. Consequently, low milk yields of generally low quality are realized. Machines can safely be used for milking cows if proper hygiene exists. Utilization of milking machines requires a steady supply of clean water, hence the need for water pumps. Milking machine and water pump operation require a steady energy supply, yet access to the national electricity grid is currently very low in rural areas. The current study assessed energy and water use among smallholder dairy farmers at Chitsanzo Milk Bulking Group in Dedza, Malawi. The study also assessed the farmers’ knowledge and interest in use of solar-powered milking machines and groundwater pumps. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, focus group discussions and key informant interviews. The study shows that most farmers spent huge amounts of time fetching water due to long distances (0.08–2 km) to water sources; hence, approximately 90% of the respondents under-watered their dairy animals. All milking was done by hand, which is time consuming and increases the chance of milk contamination. A need to research the introduction of solar-powered milking machines and groundwater water pumping was established. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 649-655 Issue: 5 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1765469 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1765469 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:5:p:649-655 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1791387_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Saul Ngarava Author-X-Name-First: Saul Author-X-Name-Last: Ngarava Author-Name: Abbyssinia Mushunje Author-X-Name-First: Abbyssinia Author-X-Name-Last: Mushunje Author-Name: Petronella Chaminuka Author-X-Name-First: Petronella Author-X-Name-Last: Chaminuka Title: Determinants of participation in livestock development programmes: Evidence from South Africa’s Kaonafatso ya Dikgomo (KyD) Scheme Abstract: The objective of the study was to determine factors influencing participation decisions in the Agricultural Research Council’s Kaonafatso ya Dikgomo (KyD) Scheme in South Africa. A cross-sectional survey was used to collect data on socio-economic and institutional factors, as well as KyD Scheme participation decisions. The sample comprised 164 KyD Scheme participants and 81 non-participants from KwaZulu-Natal, and the Eastern Cape and Limpopo provinces. Data were analyzed utilizing probit, tobit and ordered probit models. Results showed that various socio-economic and institutional factors significantly determined decisions to participate, extent of participation and continuation of Scheme practices. Specifically, expenditure on stock feed and frequency of extension visits were the major significant factors impacting all decisions on participation, extent of participation and willingness to practise experiences learnt from being part of the KyD Scheme. The study recommends that participation in the Scheme and the extent of participation can be enhanced through increasing awareness of the Scheme at various points where stock feeds are available to farmers. Furthermore, enhanced cooperation with extension workers will provide a conduit for improving awareness of the Scheme and enhance participation. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 635-647 Issue: 5 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1791387 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1791387 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:5:p:635-647 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1865511_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Bisrat Yilma Mekonnen Author-X-Name-First: Bisrat Yilma Author-X-Name-Last: Mekonnen Title: Computational study of a novel combined cookstove for developing countries Abstract: This paper presents a computational study of a novel biomass-solar combined cookstove for developing countries. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study was carried out to understand how the proposed cookstoves perform during combustion. The technique was successfully used for predicting the temperature and the flow velocity distribution within the interior of the stove. The results showed that the flame diffused in the combustion chamber reached the maximum temperature of 1550 K and then decreased as the flue gases flowed upward through the distance from the flame zone to the outlet. Velocity distribution and CO2 concentration predictions are presented. The maximum flow velocity in the combustion was found to be 0.217 m/s. The performance of the stove demonstrated that this cookstove can be a novel alternative for households who have low access to electricity and traditionally depend almost completely on biomass fuels. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 657-661 Issue: 5 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1865511 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1865511 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:5:p:657-661 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1773202_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Yonnas Addis Mihretie Author-X-Name-First: Yonnas Addis Author-X-Name-Last: Mihretie Title: Smallholder wheat farmers’ commercialization level and its determinants in northwestern Ethiopia Abstract: This study analyzes the commercial engagement of smallholder farmers in wheat commercialization at the farm level and the factors affecting this. A stratified three stage sampling technique was used to collect data from 195 smallholder wheat farmers. Descriptive and Tobit models were employed to analyze the collected data. The result of study identified that on average smallholder wheat farmers were relatively lacking in commercial activities as the mean commercialization index was found to be 0.21. The age category of a household head, quantity produced, distance to the nearest market, formal extension services, membership of farmers’ cooperatives, climatic (early warning and preparedness) information, and perception towards lagged market prices were found to determine significantly the commercialization activities of wheat farmers. The commercialization level of wheat farmers can be increased by improving their understanding of commercial farming, strengthening the marketing system (accesses and infrastructure), increasing the number of adequate extension contacts, timely climatic information, making market relationships (forward and future contract) available, and increasing farmers involvement in farming cooperatives. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 607-617 Issue: 5 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1773202 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1773202 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:5:p:607-617 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1219465_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Manoj KR. Bhattacharyya Author-X-Name-First: Manoj KR. Author-X-Name-Last: Bhattacharyya Author-Name: Manjishtha Bhattacharyya Author-X-Name-First: Manjishtha Author-X-Name-Last: Bhattacharyya Title: Development of an innovative eco-friendly rice puffing machine for modernizing a traditional cottage industry Abstract: Traditional enterprises are economically less viable although they impact the environment less adversely. Modern industries that have replaced traditional skills for mass manufacture of the same products are capital intensive and more polluting. A midway is essential that can upgrade the age-old, traditional business to generate more profit without harming the environment. Cereal puffing has long been undertaken as an arduous cottage industry across rural India. The practice of cereal puffing, chiefly rice, by the conventional method is polluting and adversely affects the health of the maker. Large puffing mills are economically not viable alternatives for small-scale, rural entrepreneurs. A unique, innovative, manually operated machine has been designed and patented that modernizes the practice of rice puffing and increases the production efficiency by 1100% (approximately), thereby increasing the profit margin significantly. It drastically improves the working conditions, enables operations for long durations, produces traditional quality products and is also environment friendly, generating much less smoke and heat compared with the traditional method of rice puffing. The machine has shown tremendous potential in economically empowering marginalized sections of Indian society, chiefly rural and tribal women in different states across India. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 371-376 Issue: 5-6 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1219465 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1219465 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:5-6:p:371-376 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1219482_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Maruf Sanni Author-X-Name-First: Maruf Author-X-Name-Last: Sanni Author-Name: Caleb M. Adelowo Author-X-Name-First: Caleb M. Author-X-Name-Last: Adelowo Author-Name: David A. Ogunkanbi Author-X-Name-First: David A. Author-X-Name-Last: Ogunkanbi Author-Name: Adesina A. Oyewale Author-X-Name-First: Adesina A. Author-X-Name-Last: Oyewale Author-Name: Abolaji D. Dada Author-X-Name-First: Abolaji D. Author-X-Name-Last: Dada Author-Name: Bamidele R. Muritala Author-X-Name-First: Bamidele R. Author-X-Name-Last: Muritala Title: Climate change and intellectual property rights in Africa: Environmental necessity-economic opportunity Abstract: Promoting the development of clean technologies is critical in achieving a low-carbon economy in Africa. The objective of this paper is to shed more light on the role of IPRs in the efforts to mitigate climate change in Africa. This paper argues that the existing IP regime, specifically the patent system, does not necessarily preclude African countries from developing clean technologies that meet world standards. However, African countries lack capacities to adapt, develop, deploy and operate high low-carbon technologies which can give them competitive advantage in the global market. This article proposes that African countries should create an institutional set-up by which innovative strategies can easily be shared to accelerate and facilitate the development and diffusion of clean technologies. The paper concludes that unless African countries adopt appropriate policy mix to stimulate technological catch-up with rest of world in the area of clean technology development and diffusion, they will continue to lag behind and face deepening marginalization in the global economy, irrespective of the IP system regime. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 377-385 Issue: 5-6 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1219482 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1219482 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:5-6:p:377-385 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1219483_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: E. I. Onuh Author-X-Name-First: E. I. Author-X-Name-Last: Onuh Author-Name: Freddie Inambao Author-X-Name-First: Freddie Author-X-Name-Last: Inambao Title: Performance and emission evaluation of pure biodiesel from non-edible feedstock and waste oil in a diesel engine Abstract: Biodiesel prepared from Jatropha, Moringa and restaurant waste oil were evaluated in a 3.5 kw diesel engine to determine their performance and pollutant emission. The brake specific (BS) emissions across the full load spectrum were benchmarked against the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US, EPA) and the European Union (EU) emission caps. Results showed that the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake thermal efficiencies gave marginal differences between conventional diesel fuel (ndiesel) and the biodiesel fuel samples (±4% and ±5 respectively at peak load). Carbon monoxide (CO), unburnt hydrocarbon (UHC) and particulate matter (PM) emissions (in parts per million) showed a decreasing trend with load increase and were lower than those of ndiesel fuel samples. Oxides of nitrogen (NOX) emission for the biodiesel were observed to be lower than those of ndiesel. This was because the 1650 k peak temperature to activate thermal NOX was sparingly breached for the biodiesels. BSHC for all fuel types failed the EPA as well as the EU emission caps under all loading conditions. All tested fuel samples met the regulatory standards at load conditions exceeding 65%. Brake specific particulate matter (BSPM) for all fuel type fell short of the EPA and EU standard, except those of waste oil and jatropha biodiesel, with BSPM below the EU upper limit of 0.85 g/Kwh. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 387-398 Issue: 5-6 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1219483 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1219483 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:5-6:p:387-398 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1219484_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ludovic Temple Author-X-Name-First: Ludovic Author-X-Name-Last: Temple Author-Name: Estelle Biénabe Author-X-Name-First: Estelle Author-X-Name-Last: Biénabe Author-Name: Danielle Barret Author-X-Name-First: Danielle Author-X-Name-Last: Barret Author-Name: Gilles Saint-Martin Author-X-Name-First: Gilles Author-X-Name-Last: Saint-Martin Title: Methods for assessing the impact of research on innovation and development in the agriculture and food sectors Abstract: The need for technological transition and the context of the privatization of public research funding both challenge the evolution of methods to assess the impact of research in the agricultural and food sectors. We analyze this evolution through a literature review and an examination of a range of case studies on research completed in developing countries. In the first part, the results stemming from the former analysis question the controversies raised by quantitative approaches. In view of these controversies, we then examine the methodological innovations taking place in a qualitative approach. A survey of case studies ultimately helps to characterize the strategic resources that research generates with a view to improving its impact on innovation and development. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 399-410 Issue: 5-6 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1219484 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1219484 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:5-6:p:399-410 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1219501_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Chiemela Onunka Author-X-Name-First: Chiemela Author-X-Name-Last: Onunka Author-Name: Herbert A. Grobler Author-X-Name-First: Herbert A. Author-X-Name-Last: Grobler Author-Name: Glen Bright Author-X-Name-First: Glen Author-X-Name-Last: Bright Title: A stability optimization model for shaft rotor-bearing systems Abstract: The paper presents the modelling of unbalance in a shaft rotor-bearing system using energy methods and finite element analysis strategies. The modelling process brought about the review of three types of unbalance in the shaft rotor-bearing system. They include mass unbalances in the rotor disk, and misalignment in the flexible coupling, which includes parallel and angular misalignment. Each component in the unbalanced system was defined and modelled using energy methods. The forcing function causing unbalance introduced through the flexible coupling was also defined and modelled. Each component and the forcing function were integrated into the global shaft rotor-bearing unbalance system model. The output model was solved using numerical simulation analysis in Matlab. The result yielded a stability optimization model for managing balance in shaft rotor-bearing systems. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 411-422 Issue: 5-6 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1219501 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1219501 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:5-6:p:411-422 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1219502_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Deepak Kumar Author-X-Name-First: Deepak Author-X-Name-Last: Kumar Author-Name: Irene Govender Author-X-Name-First: Irene Author-X-Name-Last: Govender Title: Bringing agile practice to the classroom: Student voices of third-year major project implementation Abstract: Agile practices are the current trend in the software industry, so it is, therefore, pertinent that students not only learn but practise agile development in the learning environment. Adapting to a different approach such as agile practices in software systems development has been a challenge for both students and lecturing staff. This study examined the underlying challenges and experiences of students in using the agile approach to software development in a project course. A mixed-methods approach was followed with focus group interviews and a survey instrument used to determine the students’ experiences of the agile approach to software development. The results reflected an intention to use agile practices in future and enthusiasm in using agile practices in learning. In addition, it was found that more programming expertise was needed for some students without the requisite programming knowledge. These findings have implications for structuring courses more effectively for undergraduate modules. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 423-428 Issue: 5-6 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1219502 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1219502 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:5-6:p:423-428 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1219503_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Bon’sile Faith Nicollete Mhlanga-Ndlovu Author-X-Name-First: Bon’sile Faith Nicollete Author-X-Name-Last: Mhlanga-Ndlovu Author-Name: Godwell Nhamo Author-X-Name-First: Godwell Author-X-Name-Last: Nhamo Title: Farmer perceptions of climate change impacts on Swaziland’s sugar industry Abstract: This study investigates the perceptions of sugarcane farmers on climate change impacts and their potential alternative livelihoods in the Lowveld of Swaziland with the objective of informing research and policy initiatives. The study obtained data mainly from a survey involving supervisor respondents who had 10 years or more practical farming experience in the study area. In addition, historical climate data on rainfall and temperature patterns were generated to triangulate responses on perceptions. Farmer respondents and the historical data confirmed the perceptions on increased drought and flood incidences, severe temperature fluctuations, decreased water availability, increased pests and diseases that have been observed from as far back as 1975. As for alternative livelihoods in the event that sugarcane farming significantly fails, the farmers indicated that they would and were already engaged in diversification systems that include: livestock farming, and growing food and other cash crops. The study concludes that farmers’ perceptions are indeed aligned to emerging global trends on climate change impacts on the agricultural sector in general and the sugarcane industry in particular. Drawing from historical data on rainfall and temperature, we recommend that the government puts in place necessary adaptation measures to minimize foreseeable negative impacts on farmers, especially those engaged in medium- to small-scale operations. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 429-438 Issue: 5-6 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1219503 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1219503 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:5-6:p:429-438 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1219504_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mpho Monyai Author-X-Name-First: Mpho Author-X-Name-Last: Monyai Author-Name: Rudzani A. Makhado Author-X-Name-First: Rudzani A. Author-X-Name-Last: Makhado Author-Name: Ntshenge O. Novhe Author-X-Name-First: Ntshenge O. Author-X-Name-Last: Novhe Title: Water quality of the Luvuvhu River and its tributaries within the Thulamela Local Municipality, Limpopo Province, South Africa Abstract: The study was conducted during dry and wet periods at the Luvuvhu River and its tributaries within the Thumalamela Local Municipality, Limpopo Province, South Africa. A total of 50 samples (25 per sampling session) were collected for physicochemical analysis at the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Regression, ANOVA: single factor and Pearson Correlation Coefficient analyses were applied in order to examine the influence of seasonal variation on water quality. This study found that the concentration of fluoride, pH, SO4, $\hbox{NO}_3^ - $NO3− and TDS are within the recommended levels for domestic water use in South Africa. However, a high concentration of total acidity was found at Dzindi, Luvuvhu and Mutshundudi rivers at an average of 2.40 mg/l ± 0.55 mg/l, 3.00 mg/l ± 1.00 mg/l and 4.40 mg/l ± 2.07 mg/l, respectively during the dry sampling period. The level of total alkalinity, $\hbox{NO}_3^ - $NO3− and TDS were found to be high at Lukunde River. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 439-445 Issue: 5-6 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1219504 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1219504 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:5-6:p:439-445 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1222752_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mercy Mpinganjira Author-X-Name-First: Mercy Author-X-Name-Last: Mpinganjira Title: An investigation of customer attitude towards online stores Abstract: Developments in information and communication technologies have transformed the way retailing is conducted today, enabling the opening of stores online. This study aims at examining customers’ post-purchase attitude towards online stores. Data was collected from 201 online customers from Gauteng, South Africa, using a structured questionnaire. The findings show that most customers had positive attitudes towards the online stores they had bought from. Store offerings, navigation aids, security features, and fulfilment reliability were found to have significant influence on customers’ attitude towards online stores, while customer community did not. The findings also show that post-purchase attitude towards an online store has significant influence on behavioural intentions to repurchase from a store. With online retailing being a new phenomenon in Africa in general, not much research has been done to help understand customers’ perceptions and attitudes as well as factors that influence these. This study addresses the gap and shows factors that managers can focus on in order to influence positively their customers’ attitude towards their stores. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 447-456 Issue: 5-6 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1222752 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1222752 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:5-6:p:447-456 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1224543_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: D.E. Ighravwe Author-X-Name-First: D.E. Author-X-Name-Last: Ighravwe Author-Name: S.A. Oke Author-X-Name-First: S.A. Author-X-Name-Last: Oke Title: A machine survival time-based maintenance workforce allocation model for production systems Abstract: Today’s maintenance workforce operates in a complex business environment and relies on metrics that indirectly link equipment breakdown, fluctuating production rate, demand uncertainties and fluctuating raw material requirements. This has triggered a change in the scope as well as the substance of maintenance workforce theory and practice, and the necessary requirement to promote a full understanding of maintenance workforce optimization of some seemingly non-polynomial hard problems. Theorizing is essential on the near optimal solution techniques for the maintenance workforce problem. In this paper, a fuzzy goal programming model is proposed and used in formulating a single objective function for maintenance workforce optimization with stochastic constraint consideration. The performance of the proposed model was verified using data obtained from a production system and simulated annealing (SA) as a solution method. The results obtained using SA and differential evolution (DE) were compared on the basis of computational time and quality of solution. We observed that the SA results outperform those of the DE algorithm. Based on the results obtained, the proposed model has the capacity to generate reliable information for preventive and breakdown workforce maintenance planning. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 457-466 Issue: 5-6 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1224543 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1224543 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:5-6:p:457-466 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1224611_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: J.O. Akinyele Author-X-Name-First: J.O. Author-X-Name-Last: Akinyele Author-Name: R.W. Salim Author-X-Name-First: R.W. Author-X-Name-Last: Salim Author-Name: W.K. Kupolati Author-X-Name-First: W.K. Author-X-Name-Last: Kupolati Title: Effect of rubber crumb on the microstructural properties of concrete Abstract: This study evaluates the effect of rubber crumb on the microstructural properties of concrete which was used to partially replace fine aggregate by 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16% proportion and designated as M0, M4, M8, M12, and M16 respectively. The wet and hardened properties of concrete were investigated by conducting a slump test and a compressive strength test, and by measuring the concrete bulk density. The crack formed as a result of compressive strength was investigated using a digital microscope, while the micro-cracks formed in the concrete structure were investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that concrete slump for all the samples range between 25 and 10 mm, with M0 and M4 having the highest slump. The compressive strength and density of the concrete decreased as the amount of rubber crumb increased in the mixture, with M0 having a compressive strength of 51.88 N/mm2 and M16 having the lowest compressive strength of 19.40 N/mm2. The SEM analysis showed that there was a weak bond between the concrete paste and the rubber crumb, which resulted in to a weak adhesive force, and the development of micro-cracks which contributed to the week compressive strength in concrete with higher rubber crumb. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 467-474 Issue: 5-6 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1224611 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1224611 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:5-6:p:467-474 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1224613_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: I. Dladla Author-X-Name-First: I. Author-X-Name-Last: Dladla Author-Name: F. Machete Author-X-Name-First: F. Author-X-Name-Last: Machete Author-Name: K. Shale Author-X-Name-First: K. Author-X-Name-Last: Shale Title: A review of factors associated with indiscriminate dumping of waste in eleven African countries Abstract: Most developing countries grapple with management of solid waste and environmental health risks associated with insanitary conditions. Indiscriminate dumping of household and industrial waste remains an alternative means of waste disposal for communities that have no access to reliable refuse removal services. This phenomenon affects not only developing countries but developed ones as well, although the literature points out that it is more prevalent in the latter. The aim of this paper is to examine the factors that are associated with the prevalence of indiscriminate dumping of waste in communities in order to establish the cause-effect relationship between these factors and environmental health risks in these communities. This paper reviewed peer-reviewed articles on the field of waste management. An approach that looks at waste management factors individually as well as holistically is needed to curb and/or end this practice. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 475-481 Issue: 5-6 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1224613 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1224613 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:5-6:p:475-481 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1226705_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Alex Bara Author-X-Name-First: Alex Author-X-Name-Last: Bara Author-Name: Gift Mugano Author-X-Name-First: Gift Author-X-Name-Last: Mugano Author-Name: Pierre Le Roux Author-X-Name-First: Pierre Author-X-Name-Last: Le Roux Title: Financial innovation and economic growth in the SADC Abstract: This study empirically establishes the causal relationship between financial innovation and economic growth in the SADC. Using an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model, estimated by Pooled Mean Group and Dynamic Fixed Effects, the study finds that financial innovation generally has a positive relationship with economic growth in the long run for the SADC. Introducing Mobile Banking props up the role of financial innovation in growth in the SADC. The long-run estimations show mixed effects on proxy variables other than Mobile Banking, strengthening the importance of having appropriate measures for financial innovation. Panel Granger causality tests establish that there is no causality, in any direction, between financial innovation and growth, both in the short and long run. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 483-495 Issue: 5-6 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1226705 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1226705 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:5-6:p:483-495 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1257537_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Lutengano Mwinuka Author-X-Name-First: Lutengano Author-X-Name-Last: Mwinuka Author-Name: Khamaldin Daud Mutabazi Author-X-Name-First: Khamaldin Daud Author-X-Name-Last: Mutabazi Author-Name: Jeremia Makindara Author-X-Name-First: Jeremia Author-X-Name-Last: Makindara Author-Name: Stefan Sieber Author-X-Name-First: Stefan Author-X-Name-Last: Sieber Title: Reckoning the risks and rewards of fertilizer micro-dosing in a sub-humid farming system in Tanzania Abstract: Smallholder farmers are reluctant to risk investing in fertilizers. To understand how risk is perceived and how economic returns are distributed before the decision to invest in fertilizer use is made, needs a systematic approach using localized applications. This study assesses the profitability and net return variability of fertilizer micro-dosing (MD) in the sub-humid rain-fed maize (Zea mays L.) farming system in Tanzania. Useful data was gathered from a household baseline survey, water and nutrient limited calibrated yields, marginal costs and yields from farmers’ field trials, along with other information from expert and historical data. Crop yields, crop prices and prices for key production inputs (mainly fertilizer) were simulated for the net economic return distributions for maize under different fertilizer MD rates using the Economic and Nutritional Impact Assessment Model (FARMSIM), which is supported by Simulation and Econometrics to Analyse Risk (SIMETAR). The results show relative differences in stochastic returns between water and nutrient limited (without fertilizer MD) and with fertilizer MD scenarios. Farmers are likely to adopt fertilization technologies if best agronomic practices are promoted through farmer groups and field schools, fertilizers are re-packaged into small quantities for ease of purchase and access, and the coverage of subsidized fertilizers is increased. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 497-508 Issue: 5-6 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1257537 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1257537 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:5-6:p:497-508 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1256596_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Sanghamitra Das Author-X-Name-First: Sanghamitra Author-X-Name-Last: Das Title: The Rise of the Creative Class: Revisited Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 509-511 Issue: 5-6 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1256596 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1256596 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:5-6:p:509-511 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_795795_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Yohannes Worku Author-X-Name-First: Yohannes Author-X-Name-Last: Worku Author-Name: Mammo Muchie Author-X-Name-First: Mammo Author-X-Name-Last: Muchie Title: Differential Factors of Efficiency in the Management of Solid Waste in the City of Tshwane, South Africa Abstract: The objective was to investigate factors that affect the efficient management of solid waste produced by commercial businesses operating in the City of Pretoria, South Africa. Data were gathered from 1,034 businesses. Efficiency in solid waste management was assessed using a structural time-based model designed for evaluating efficiency as a function of the length of time required to manage waste. Data analysis was performed using statistical procedures such as frequency tables, Pearson's chi-squared tests of association and binary logistic regression analysis. Odds ratios estimated from logistic regression analysis were used to identify key factors that affect efficiency in the proper disposal of waste. The study showed that 857 of the 1,034 businesses selected for the study (83%) were found to be efficient enough with regards to the proper collection and disposal of solid waste. Based on odds ratios estimated from binary logistic regression analysis, efficiency in the proper management of solid waste was significantly influenced by 4 predictor variables. These 4 influential predictor variables are: lack of adherence to waste management regulations, wrong perception, failure to provide customers with enough trash cans, and operation of businesses by employed managers, in decreasing order of importance. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 129-141 Issue: 2 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.795795 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.795795 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:2:p:129-141 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_796149_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Samia Nour Author-X-Name-First: Samia Author-X-Name-Last: Nour Title: Science, Technology and Innovation Policies in Sudan Abstract: This paper uses both descriptive and comparative approaches to discuss science, technology and innovation policies in Sudan. Differing from the studies in Sudanese literature, a novel element of our analysis is that we examine innovation, science and technology policies after integrating recent secondary and primary data. We examine the main factors hindering and those contributing towards the promotion of research and development (R&D), innovation, science and technology (S&T) in Sudan. We find that insufficient financial and human resources, weak cooperation between universities and the productive sector, lack of management and organization ability, lack of R&D culture, lack of favourable conditions and necessary facilities hampered the potential role of R&D to contribute towards the development of local technologies, promotion of innovation and science, technology and innovation (STI) policies and economic development in Sudan. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 153-169 Issue: 2 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.796149 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.796149 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:2:p:153-169 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_795797_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Nejla Yacoub Author-X-Name-First: Nejla Author-X-Name-Last: Yacoub Title: Assessing Pharmaceutical Innovation in Tunisia: An Empirical Survey on Firms' Knowledge-Capital and an Analysis of the National Sectoral Innovation System Abstract: The objective of this research was to assess pharmaceutical innovation in Tunisia. First, we examined the national sectoral innovation system (NSIS), focusing on the objectives and instruments of the industrial and innovation policy. Second, we adopted an empirical approach based on a qualitative survey of all of the 32 pharmaceutical firms in Tunisia. The objective of this survey was to assess their innovation potential and performances through an innovation index we have constructed and to determine the main vectors and obstacles to the development of a pharmaceutical innovation activity in Tunisia. The results show that despite a favourable innovation policy and an improving local innovation potential, the pharmaceutical innovation performances in Tunisia remain lower than the sought level, which translates as an ‘innovation gap’. According to our survey, this innovation gap is due to some persistent structural and organizational deficiencies within the Tunisian pharmaceutical innovation system. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 103-118 Issue: 2 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.795797 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.795797 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:2:p:103-118 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_795793_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: H. Ondieki Author-X-Name-First: H. Author-X-Name-Last: Ondieki Author-Name: J. Tonui Author-X-Name-First: J. Author-X-Name-Last: Tonui Title: A Parametric Study of a Natural Flow Solar Air Heater with a Rectangular Air-Duct Profile Abstract: This article presents a theoretical analysis of a solar air heater (SAH) with a rectangular air duct profile operated in a natural airflow mode. The study involves modelling the SAH system and simulated results are used to study the effects of various operating conditions and design parameters on its performance. The results show that an increase in the mass flow rate, solar insolation and collector length increases the efficiency of the SAH system. Optimal values of efficiency are obtained when the mass flow rate is greater than 0.01 kgs−1, solar insolation is greater than 1000 W/m2 and with a collector length of between 1.5 and 2.0 m. It is also observed that the efficiency of the collector decreases with increasing channel depth, showing that better performances of the collector are obtained at small channel depths but this results in an increase in the pressure drop which requires more pumping power. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 97-102 Issue: 2 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.795793 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.795793 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:2:p:97-102 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_796171_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Manik Kher Author-X-Name-First: Manik Author-X-Name-Last: Kher Title: Studying Issues Related to Industry and Technology: A Journey into Interdisciplinarity Abstract: No research can be perfect without an interdisciplinary approach, especially in studies related to industry, which is the most dynamic of all societal aspects. Industry is sensitive to socio-economic and political scenarios. The legal system also is not free from its impact. The course of social change is thus determined by industry and technology which are inseparable from each other. This paper is an autobiographical account of various studies conducted during the last 30 years. They range from alienation of work to issues in labour law and a trilogy on (1) technological change and industrial relations; (2) all facets of technology assimilation while getting technology from multinational corporations with their equity participation and under foreign direct investment; and (3) spin-offs from dual-use technologies and their commercialization. The research journey also shows how one topic of research emerged from another and in order to understand the issues from all possible angles, an interdisciplinary approach has no substitute. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 171-175 Issue: 2 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.796171 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.796171 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:2:p:171-175 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_795799_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Noklenyangla Author-X-Name-First: Author-X-Name-Last: Noklenyangla Title: Sheikh Fayaz Ahmad Unsung Innovators of Kashmir Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 177-177 Issue: 2 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.795799 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.795799 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:2:p:177-177 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_795798_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Boniface Epo Author-X-Name-First: Boniface Author-X-Name-Last: Epo Author-Name: Francis Baye Author-X-Name-First: Francis Author-X-Name-Last: Baye Author-Name: Nadine Manga Author-X-Name-First: Nadine Author-X-Name-Last: Manga Title: Investigating Disparities in Access and Returns to Endowments between Male and Female Headed Households in Cameroon Abstract: This paper investigates disparities in access and returns to endowments between male and female headed households in Cameroon using the Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition and the 2007 Cameroon Household Consumption Survey. In particular, synthetic variables for education and health constructed by the multiple correspondence analyses together with non-synthetic variables are used to explain household welfare and welfare-gaps along gender lines. The share of active household members, education, working in the formal sector and household size overwhelmingly account for disparities in access and returns to endowments between male and female headed households. Discrimination against female headed households is explained more by endowments such as education, health, share of active household members and working in the formal sector. The study concludes that public policy interventions which encourage education for all, employment, family planning and rural development in Cameroon might be potent for addressing gender-related disparities in Cameroon. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 143-152 Issue: 2 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.795798 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.795798 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:2:p:143-152 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_795800_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Fekadu Fullas Author-X-Name-First: Fekadu Author-X-Name-Last: Fullas Author-Name: Mammo Muchie Author-X-Name-First: Mammo Author-X-Name-Last: Muchie Title: Intellectual Property Rights: A Focus on Medicinal Plant Products from Africa Abstract: Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) has been the subject of voluminous literature. Much has been written about its origin, implications and dispositions. Yet, the subject of IPRs is fraught with murky issues, especially as it applies to developing countries. This paper will examine IPRs within the context of developing countries, in particular those in Africa. It will cite examples in the field of traditional medicine/medicinal plants to show how IPRs have been applied in the past. This paper will also try to chart a few pointers for the future to turn the tide in favour of developing countries in Africa by focusing more on potential collaboration among developing countries. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 119-127 Issue: 2 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.795800 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.795800 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:2:p:119-127 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1289648_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Stephen Nyende-Byakika Author-X-Name-First: Stephen Author-X-Name-Last: Nyende-Byakika Title: Impact of pipe roughness on the performance of a water distribution network: A case study of the Westbury Network, Johannesburg, South Africa Abstract: The Westbury area, a suburb of the city of Johannesburg, is characterized by a very old pipe network, high water losses as well as high operating and maintenance costs. Consequently, a network rehabilitation project was proposed for the area, with an overall aim of improving network efficiency through pipe replacement. This proposal led to the current study with the key objective of determining the impact that pipe roughness has on network performance. In order to achieve this goal, a model of the area was obtained and analysed as a gravity-fed network containing 490 pipes, 407 junctions and 5 reservoirs. From the study, key findings reveal that the smoother the internal pipe walls, the higher the pressure at which demand is met. In addition, power delivered to consumers increases with internal pipe smoothness, and power dissipated in the network increases with pipe roughness. On the other hand, the relationship between roughness and leakage is inconclusive. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 143-146 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1289648 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1289648 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:2:p:143-146 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1296076_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Leigh McCarroll Author-X-Name-First: Leigh Author-X-Name-Last: McCarroll Author-Name: Suretha de Kock Author-X-Name-First: Suretha Author-X-Name-Last: de Kock Title: Evaluation of mageu-based gluten-free bread loaf characteristics Abstract: Gluten-free bread (GFB) has poor quality attributes compared with wheat bread. Coeliac disease is an autoimmune disease triggered by gluten consumption. Mageu, a traditional beverage, was used in GFB with hydrocolloids, sorghum, soybean flour and maize starch. Quality parameters included specific volume (SV), loaf height, bake loss, crumb firmness, firming rate, onset of mould growth, sensory attributes: texture, crumb colour, crust colour, flavour and overall acceptability.Treatments included: control, with cooked maize flour (C1); bread with mageu and without hydrocolloids (C2); breads with mageu and the following − xanthan gum (XG); guar gum (GG); hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Brown wheat bread (BB) was tested in texture measurement comparisons.Hydrocolloids optimized at 1.7% CMC; 0.5% XG; 1.7% GG and 0.8% HPMC (w/w in dough). CMC had significantly (p-value < 0.05) higher SV of 3.34 cm3/g; highest loaf height at 5.26 cm and GG the lowest bake loss (10.35%).Texture measurements indicated treatments were firmer than BB. Hydrocolloids increased bread firmness: GG being the firmest and C2 with the lowest firming rate.HPMC had significantly (p-value < 0.05) more mould free days than C1 and XG.Sensory evaluation indicated CMC was liked for flavour (6.70), crust colour (7.23), XG for texture (6.41), crumb colour (7.18) and overall acceptability (6.89). Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 147-156 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1296076 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1296076 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:2:p:147-156 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1298231_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: P.K. Farayibi Author-X-Name-First: P.K. Author-X-Name-Last: Farayibi Author-Name: T.E. Abioye Author-X-Name-First: T.E. Author-X-Name-Last: Abioye Title: A study on the awareness level of additive manufacturing technology in south-western Nigeria Abstract: In this paper, the level of awareness of AM/RP technology in south-western Nigeria was investigated and presented. In a survey, copies of a questionnaire were administered to sixty (60) engineering personnel in research/tertiary institutions in the south-western states in Nigeria and forty (40) useful responses were obtained and analyzed. The analysis indicated that there was 40% awareness of AM/RP technology in the south-western Nigeria, whereas 60% of the respondents had not previously heard of the technologies. It was further deduced that the highest level of awareness of 50% was for inkjet/3D printing, amongst other forms of AM/RP technology in the south-western states in Nigeria. The analysis of the availability of AM equipment indicated that only 5% of the respondents specified that their institutions in south-western Nigeria possessed inkjet/3D printing AM equipment. This was at one research institute in south-western Nigeria. Though, the amount of AM/RP equipment installed is small at the moment, the level of awareness of this technology is fairly high and it is expected that the awareness level will keep increasing as concerted efforts towards procurement of AM/RP systems from abroad and by local fabrication/production is made to promote rapid product development. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 157-162 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1298231 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1298231 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:2:p:157-162 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1299343_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Douglas Chikabwi Author-X-Name-First: Douglas Author-X-Name-Last: Chikabwi Author-Name: Clainos Chidoko Author-X-Name-First: Clainos Author-X-Name-Last: Chidoko Author-Name: Calvin Mudzingiri Author-X-Name-First: Calvin Author-X-Name-Last: Mudzingiri Title: Manufacturing sector productivity growth drivers: Evidence from SADC member states Abstract: This study investigates major drivers of manufacturing sector productivity growth of selected Southern African Development Community (SADC1) member countries. Using country-specific, fixed effects panel data modelled in a Cobb Douglas production function for the period 2000–2013, the study estimated manufacturing sector level data for nine SADC member states; namely, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Madagascar, Mozambique, Botswana, South Africa, Namibia, Mauritius and Tanzania. The country specific data was sourced from World Bank Development Indicators (2014). The study concludes that trade openness, technology transfer and capital investment positively influenced manufacturing sector productivity growth in the SADC countries. However, labour force and innovation are found to be influencing growth in the SADC region negatively. The study, therefore, recommends policy makers to put in place policy mechanisms aimed at promoting trade openness, technology transfer and capital investment for the region to realize meaningful growth in the manufacturing sector. The SADC presents an interesting and unexplored setting for studies focusing on regional growth. The general assumption is that the region shares cultural values, a colonial background and economically similar natural resources, and that growth patterns should, therefore, also be homogeneous to some extent. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 163-171 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1299343 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1299343 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:2:p:163-171 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1302681_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Adedayo A. Badejo Author-X-Name-First: Adedayo A. Author-X-Name-Last: Badejo Author-Name: Adebola A. Adekunle Author-X-Name-First: Adebola A. Author-X-Name-Last: Adekunle Author-Name: Olusola O. Adekoya Author-X-Name-First: Olusola O. Author-X-Name-Last: Adekoya Author-Name: Julius M. Ndambuki Author-X-Name-First: Julius M. Author-X-Name-Last: Ndambuki Author-Name: Kehinde W. Kupolati Author-X-Name-First: Kehinde W. Author-X-Name-Last: Kupolati Author-Name: Babatunde S. Bada Author-X-Name-First: Babatunde S. Author-X-Name-Last: Bada Author-Name: David O. Omole Author-X-Name-First: David O. Author-X-Name-Last: Omole Title: Plastic waste as strength modifiers in asphalt for a sustainable environment Abstract: This research took the form of an investigation into the applicability of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as strength modifiers in asphalt road construction. Samples of thoroughly washed, naturally dried and shredded PET wastes were collected. The optimum binder content (OBC) of the unmodified asphalt mix was determined. The bitumen used for the control mix was replaced with PET waste in 1, 3 and 5% proportions. Another sample was prepared with the addition of 1, 3 and 5% of PET waste while the OBC was fixed. The samples were subjected to Marshall Stability (MS) and Marshall Flow (MF) tests. Bulk density (BD), void in total mix (VTM), and void filled with bitumen (VFB) were determined. The results were compared with standards. The PET content obtained that conforms to the specification in AASHTO, ASTM and Nigeria Federal Ministry of Works standards was found to be 1% addition to OBC by weight of aggregate. This percentage PET content was 15% by weight of bitumen with BD, VTM, VFB, MF and MS being 2.38 kg/m3, 3.33%, 82.20%, 4.00 mm and 17.01 kN, respectively. The 1% PET modified asphalt was found to be useful for pavement construction and reduces the quantity of plastic waste in our environment. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 173-177 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1302681 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1302681 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:2:p:173-177 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1303990_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Shiva Prashanth Kumar Kodicherla Author-X-Name-First: Shiva Prashanth Kumar Author-X-Name-Last: Kodicherla Author-Name: Satyanarayana Gaddada Author-X-Name-First: Satyanarayana Author-X-Name-Last: Gaddada Author-Name: Nagaraju Shaik Author-X-Name-First: Nagaraju Author-X-Name-Last: Shaik Title: Wind energy potential and economic evaluation of WPS using WECSs in three selected locations of Northern Ethiopia Abstract: This paper analyzes wind energy potential and economic evaluation of water pumping system (WPS) employed by various wind energy conversion systems (WECSs). The wind speed data gathered from three different locations of Northern Ethiopia are analyzed using the Weibull probability density function. The performance of small- to medium-sized commercial wind turbine models of various rated powers ranging between 25 and 2000 kW are analyzed. Economic evaluation of WPS (used in various WECSs) is performed using present value of cost (PVC) approach. According to the Pacific Northwest Laboratories (PNL) wind resources classification scheme, all the selected locations fall into the Class 1 category; hence they can be considered marginally for water pumping and small-scale electricity generation. It is noted that the POLARIS P 12–25 and the POLARIS P 15–50 are the most economical options for electricity generation and water pumping applications in the region. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 179-187 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1303990 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1303990 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:2:p:179-187 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1305641_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Fannie Machete Author-X-Name-First: Fannie Author-X-Name-Last: Machete Author-Name: Oyewale Mayowa Morakinyo Author-X-Name-First: Oyewale Mayowa Author-X-Name-Last: Morakinyo Title: Determination of energy efficiency for water heating in eight South African hotels Abstract: This study presents a characterization framework for energy efficient hotels. It builds on existing frameworks of energy efficiency and the adopted characterization framework advances from the input-output framework. The theoretical framework was developed through an in-depth literature analysis. In contrast with other frameworks, this framework incorporates a wide range of environmental and sustainable development tools. It accounts for both financial and physical energy use and services quality parameters. Subsequently, the framework was tested in eight star-graded hotels. The results presented are based on two issues (1) the theoretical formulation of an advanced energy efficiency model and (2) the empirical testing or application of the framework among eight hotels in the Mpumalanga province, South Africa. The findings of the study confirm that energy efficiency characterization should be based on the ability of a hotel to save energy while it continues to provide output services that at least comply with minimum services standards. Furthermore, the study revealed that the input-output framework was limited to the determination of the level of efficiency, but could not determine if an activity or institution was efficient. The study shows that the adopted framework builds on the existing definition of energy efficiency and other frameworks. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 189-193 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1305641 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1305641 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:2:p:189-193 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1305642_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Keshminder Singh Author-X-Name-First: Keshminder Author-X-Name-Last: Singh Author-Name: VGR Chandran Author-X-Name-First: VGR Author-X-Name-Last: Chandran Author-Name: Santha Chenayah Ramu Author-X-Name-First: Santha Chenayah Author-X-Name-Last: Ramu Title: The mechanisms behind environmental strategies in chemical manufacturing firms Abstract: The evaluation of an effective environmental strategy goes beyond understanding its antecedents and benefits. Identifying and understanding the various mechanisms behind the formulation, design and implementation of environmental strategies is important – yet past studies have not adequately addressed this issue. This paper explores corporate environmentalism, and extends the framework by identifying the internal mechanisms behind the environmental strategies in large Malaysian chemical manufacturing firms. Given the exploratory nature of the study, a case study method using semi-structured interviews was used to ascertain these mechanisms. Interestingly, the results revealed seven important mechanisms of the environmental strategies in large chemical firms. These are a central system, internal system, quantifiable measurement, specific environmental management unit, strategy alignment, collaboration, and collective involvement. The mechanisms are clustered as systems and commitments based on the role that these mechanisms play in the environmental strategy of the firms. Additionally, powerful and influential top management commitments were found to contribute to the initiation of these mechanisms. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 195-205 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1305642 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1305642 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:2:p:195-205 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1305653_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Aondoyila Kuhe Author-X-Name-First: Aondoyila Author-X-Name-Last: Kuhe Author-Name: Danladi Yusufu Bisu Author-X-Name-First: Danladi Yusufu Author-X-Name-Last: Bisu Author-Name: Humphrey Aondover Iortyer Author-X-Name-First: Humphrey Aondover Author-X-Name-Last: Iortyer Title: Optimization of cooking energy mix, an alternative strategy to reduce deforestation: An example of households and restaurants in the Bauchi Metropolis, Nigeria Abstract: Cooking is a major energy consuming activity in households and restaurants. Over dependence on fuel wood and charcoal for cooking has been identified as a major cause of deforestation, a major environmental problem in Africa and Asia. This paper presents the results of a study which attempted to make households’ and restaurants’ cooking energy mix more efficient by reducing the share of wood and charcoal in their energy mix. A genetic algorithm (MATLAB) was used to optimize the cooking energy mix of an average household and restaurant in the Bauchi Metropolis, Nigeria. The result shows remarkable savings in the quantities of wood and charcoal required by the household, with an associated savings in cooking energy expenditure. It is recommended that policies should be made to increase access to modern energy types in order to discourage dependence on wood. More so, energy education should be included in the nation’s educational curriculum to enhance enlightenment on the benefits of a careful combination of cooking fuels. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 207-213 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1305653 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1305653 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:2:p:207-213 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1311158_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: B.O. Akinnuli Author-X-Name-First: B.O. Author-X-Name-Last: Akinnuli Author-Name: O.P. Bodunde Author-X-Name-First: O.P. Author-X-Name-Last: Bodunde Title: Development of a charcoal-fuelled dryer for the production of organic fertilizer from hog waste Abstract: The negligence of livestock farmers regarding waste disposal and inadequate waste control facilities are becoming a serious health and environmental hazard. In this study, a charcoal-fuelled dryer was developed to eliminate the moisture content in hog waste for easy conversion into organic fertilizer. The dryer is made up a drying chamber and a heating chamber. The drying chamber consists of a stirrer and a frame, while the heating chamber consists of a charcoal heat source and a high heat conducting frame. The dryer was positioned between the two chambers and was heated directly from a charcoal pot placed below the drying chamber. Waste was continuously rotated by rotating blades attached to the stirrer’s shaft. A pulley, 100 mm diameter, was mounted on the stirrer’s shaft and it was powered by a low-speed electric motor. The dryer was tested and evaluated under varying moisture contents of hog waste and operational conditions. The drying efficiency was found to be 98.25% and the mean time for drying 5 kg of hog waste was determined to be 55.61 minutes at a moisture content drying rate of 5.4 J/min (0.0899 kg/min). The sticky-marshy waste was eliminated and coarse dry manure, which could be easily converted into organic fertilizer, was obtained. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 215-221 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1311158 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1311158 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:2:p:215-221 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1308640_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Fayaz Ahmad Sheikh Author-X-Name-First: Fayaz Ahmad Author-X-Name-Last: Sheikh Title: Poor Economics: A Radical Rethinking of the Way to Fight Global Poverty Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 223-225 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1308640 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1308640 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:2:p:223-225 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1308646_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Bi Bi Ishrat Hassan Author-X-Name-First: Bi Bi Ishrat Author-X-Name-Last: Hassan Title: Fear of Small Numbers: An Essay on the Geography of Anger Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 225-228 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1308646 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1308646 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:2:p:225-228 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1069934_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Iwekumo Ebibofe Agbozu Author-X-Name-First: Iwekumo Ebibofe Author-X-Name-Last: Agbozu Author-Name: Osayomwanbor Ebenezer Oghama Author-X-Name-First: Osayomwanbor Ebenezer Author-X-Name-Last: Oghama Author-Name: Olaide Opeyemi Akinyemi Author-X-Name-First: Olaide Opeyemi Author-X-Name-Last: Akinyemi Title: Leachate contamination potential of a waste dumpsite in Effurun City, Southern Nigeria using the leachate pollution index Abstract: The leachate pollution index (LPI) has been used to quantify the leachate contamination potential of a dumpsite in Effurun, Southern Nigeria. Leachate samples were collected from 3 locations in the dumpsite and labeled L1, L2 and L3. Replicates were collected and a representative sample was then derived for each location. The individual pollutant variables of the leachates obtained from the analyses were compared with their corresponding disposal standards. All parameters fell below the permissible limits of treated leachates discharged into inland surface water except total dissolved solids (TDS), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and Pb. The LPI values for the sample locations L1, L2 and L3 were 5.68, 6.16 and 4.75 respectively with a mean of 5.64, while the control had a value of 4.52. Comparison of the mean LPI value (5.64) with the standard for treated leachates (7.38) indicated a relatively low contamination potential of the leachates. It is advised, however, that individual contaminants meet the discharge standards before discharge because the pollutant variables that exceeded the permissible limits may cause significant damage to the health of aquatic biota. The study also recommends continuous monitoring of leachates and upgrade of the dump site and others into well engineered landfills to forestall possible pollution problems in the future. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 220-229 Issue: 4 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1069934 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1069934 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:4:p:220-229 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1078105_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Gabriel Oladapo Adeyemi Author-X-Name-First: Gabriel Oladapo Author-X-Name-Last: Adeyemi Author-Name: Lekan Olatayo Afolagboye Author-X-Name-First: Lekan Olatayo Author-X-Name-Last: Afolagboye Author-Name: Alexandra Chinwenwa Chukwuemeka Author-X-Name-First: Alexandra Author-X-Name-Last: Chinwenwa Chukwuemeka Title: Geotechnical properties of non-crystalline coastal plain sand derived lateritic soils from Ogua, Niger Delta, Nigeria Abstract: Lateritic soils derived from coastal plain sands around Ogua, Niger Delta in Nigeria, were investigated with a view to elucidate their geotechnical characteristics, which may have influence on their engineering applications. The geotechnical properties of these soils (their compaction parameters, permeability, consolidation and shear strength) as well as index properties were investigated in the laboratory. Grain size analysis indicates that the soils are well graded with amount of fines ranging from 60% to 65%. The gravel content of the soils ranges between 2% and 3% while the linear shrinkage ranges were between 7% and 10%. The soils classify as CL soils in the USCS and in group A-7 of the AASTHO classification. The engineering properties of the soils are affected by compaction energy. However, statistical analysis shows that compaction energy has a significant effect only on the permeability coefficient. The statistical test also shows that modification such as soaking and curing have a significant effect on the California bearing ratio and unconfined compressive strength. The coefficient of permeability of the compacted soils is of the order of 1×10−7m/sec, irrespective of the compaction energy. The soils exhibit very low compressibility at all pressure ranges and show no significant lateral variation in the coefficient of compressibility. The results obtained in this study show that the lateritic soils, when compacted, are suitable for use as a fill material in embankments, dam construction and soil liners. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 230-235 Issue: 4 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1078105 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1078105 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:4:p:230-235 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1081762_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Tazviona Richman Gambe Author-X-Name-First: Tazviona Richman Author-X-Name-Last: Gambe Title: Prospects of prepaid smart water metering in Harare, Zimbabwe Abstract: Dilapidated water distribution networks and water theft have resulted in non-revenue water (NRW) being between 40% and 60% of available supplies, yet Harare Water (a department under the City of Harare responsible for water purification and distribution) is struggling to collect meaningful water revenue from the residents that can be used to finance water supply. This paper examines the prospects of adopting prepaid smart water metering (PSWM) technology in Harare as a strategy to reduce NRW and improving water revenue collection. The study assumes a case study approach that uses qualitative methods. Secondary data were mainly used and this was supported by direct observation and unstructured interviews. Data were analysed through comparative and content analysis. It emerges from the study that PSWM has a potential to reduce high percentages of NRW and boost water revenue collection in Harare. However, the city is struggling financially, thus its capacity to install and maintain the system is compromised. This is aggravated by the frequent power shortages experienced in Harare. It is recommended that Harare Water should implement the prepaid smart water metering technology in one of the affluent suburbs and evaluate its merits and demerits before the system is extended to the rest of the city. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 236-246 Issue: 4 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1081762 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1081762 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:4:p:236-246 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1082357_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Harshana Kasseeah Author-X-Name-First: Harshana Author-X-Name-Last: Kasseeah Author-Name: Verena Tandrayen-Ragoobur Author-X-Name-First: Verena Author-X-Name-Last: Tandrayen-Ragoobur Title: Self-employed women and their access to finance: perspectives from the informal sector Abstract: The objective of this paper is to investigate the factors that impact on the difficulty that self-employed women operating in the informal sector in Mauritius face in their access to finance. Using data obtained from a survey of 158 self-employed women operating in the informal sector, this paper sheds light on these difficulties and also identifies the various sources of both formal and informal finance that these women can turn to. The results obtained indicate that the women rely heavily on their own savings and on informal sources of finance such as borrowings from family and friends. Our empirical results indicate that the difficulty that a self-employed woman faces in her access to finance varies according to the age of the woman, her education level and her marital status. However, the longer the woman has remained in the informal sector, the more difficult it is for her to gain access to finance. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 247-254 Issue: 4 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1082357 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1082357 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:4:p:247-254 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1082359_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: A. van Lille Author-X-Name-First: A. Author-X-Name-Last: van Lille Author-Name: J.W. Strydom Author-X-Name-First: J.W. Author-X-Name-Last: Strydom Title: Exploring communication channels used by festival visitors: Traditional channels versus the Internet Abstract: Various communication channels are available to festival managers to present messages to specific target markets. Today's festival visitors live in the Information Age, and have become mostly unresponsive to traditional communication methods. Therefore this research investigated the communication channels used to gain information from attendees of the Ficksburg Cherry Festival in South Africa. The overall aim was to establish the use of the Internet and the use of the other traditional communication channels to gain specific information on the festival among the various groups of visitors. Questionnaires were administered to visitors of the Ficksburg Cherry Festival on the festival grounds (N=103). This research provided insight into Ficksburg Cherry Festival visitors’ characteristic profile and their use of communication channels, especially the Internet. Management teams of food festivals can use this information to market their festivals better using the best-suited communication channels. Recommendations could assist the management of food festivals to attract more visitors to the festival by improving their communication strategy. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 255-264 Issue: 4 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1082359 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1082359 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:4:p:255-264 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1082366_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Wilhelmina Quaye Author-X-Name-First: Wilhelmina Author-X-Name-Last: Quaye Author-Name: Richard Ampadu Author-X-Name-First: Richard Author-X-Name-Last: Ampadu Author-Name: Justina Onumah Author-X-Name-First: Justina Author-X-Name-Last: Onumah Author-Name: Atsu Titiati Author-X-Name-First: Atsu Author-X-Name-Last: Titiati Title: Does the current land tenurial arrangement in Ghana incentivise adoption of environmentally sustainable cocoa production practices? A case study of four selected cocoa growing districts in Ghana Abstract: A total of 231 cocoa farmers were interviewed through a structured survey in selected districts in the Eastern, Ashanti, Brong Ahafo and Western regions of Ghana to explore their views on how the existing land tenurial arrangement incentivise sustainable cocoa production practices. In addition, 12 key informant interviews and six focus group discussions were held. The composition of focus group discussions ranged between 14 and 26 cocoa farmers. Survey findings revealed that increasing cocoa production through farm expansion is no longer an option but the challenge is to meet the dual goal of environmental sustainability and improvement of farmers' welfare through the adoption of sustainable production practices. Survey findings confirmed that the existing land tenurial arrangements need to be improved in order to incentivise farmers in Ghana to adopt environmentally sustainable production practices. Farmers and other stakeholders suggested that the development of a land policy for cocoa farming that ensures proper documentation and formalisation of tenurial systems with clear benefit sharing agreements, education on land registration and proper acquisition of land and resolution of land disputes will incentivise the adoption of environmentally sustainable practices, among others. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 265-275 Issue: 4 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1082366 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1082366 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:4:p:265-275 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1082367_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Kingstone Mujeyi Author-X-Name-First: Kingstone Author-X-Name-Last: Mujeyi Author-Name: Jackqueline Mutambara Author-X-Name-First: Jackqueline Author-X-Name-Last: Mutambara Author-Name: Shephard Siziba Author-X-Name-First: Shephard Author-X-Name-Last: Siziba Author-Name: Wilbert Z. Sadomba Author-X-Name-First: Wilbert Z. Author-X-Name-Last: Sadomba Author-Name: Tarisai K. Manyati Author-X-Name-First: Tarisai K. Author-X-Name-Last: Manyati Title: Entrepreneurial innovations for agricultural mechanisation in Zimbabwe: Evidence from an informal metal industry survey Abstract: This study uses data collected from 602 randomly selected informal metal industry entrepreneurs across 15 cluster-sampled districts in eight of Zimbabwe's 10 provinces to analyse factors that influence technological innovations development by informal agribusiness entrepreneurs. It applies a binary logistic regression (logit) model and reveals that number of years in formal education, reason for choice of entrepreneurship, entrepreneur's experience, perceived role of vocational training centres and involvement in production of agricultural implements significantly influence design of technological innovations by the entrepreneurs. Following the implementation of extensive land reform in Zimbabwe since 2000, the farming household base expanded quite significantly and informal entrepreneurs have played an important role of supplying appropriate mechanisation technologies. During the economic crisis, formal large-scale industrial firms folded up and downscaled operations. More appropriate technological innovations have been developed by informal entrepreneurs as they seek to supply appropriate technologies to farmers and processors. The study recommends that more support should be availed in the form of affordable formal education and capacity building programmes to empower entrepreneurs for growth and sustainability. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 276-285 Issue: 4 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1082367 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1082367 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:4:p:276-285 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1082368_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Claudious Chikozho Author-X-Name-First: Claudious Author-X-Name-Last: Chikozho Author-Name: Davison Saruchera Author-X-Name-First: Davison Author-X-Name-Last: Saruchera Title: Universities and think-tanks as partners in the African knowledge economy: Insights from South Africa Abstract: There is a paucity of knowledge regarding the nature of interactions between universities and think-tanks in Africa and how their collaboration could be promoted to enable them to contribute more effectively to the knowledge economy. Relying on primary and secondary data, this paper explores the interaction between universities and think-tanks in South Africa. The study found that most think-tanks, university departments and individuals in these institutions have engaged in collaborative relations of some sort and that the level and nature of their collaboration has generally been increasing over the past five years. In addition, the existence of personal relationships between individuals in these institutions usually acts as the main catalyst for long-lasting collaboration on research and policy engagement. In cases where the relationships are formalised at the institutional level, it is crucial to clearly define the roles and responsibilities of the two parties. Overall, collaboration between universities and think-tanks enables utilisation of different but complementary sets of skills and resources. This leads to more robust knowledge production and policy engagement. Therefore, appropriate incentives and an enabling environment should be created to enhance both individual and institutional collaboration. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 286-300 Issue: 4 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1082368 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1082368 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:4:p:286-300 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1082369_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: F. Machete Author-X-Name-First: F. Author-X-Name-Last: Machete Author-Name: C. Hongoro Author-X-Name-First: C. Author-X-Name-Last: Hongoro Author-Name: G. Nhamo Author-X-Name-First: G. Author-X-Name-Last: Nhamo Author-Name: K. Mearns Author-X-Name-First: K. Author-X-Name-Last: Mearns Title: Influence of energy saving on the quality of lighting services on selected hotels in Mpumalanga, Republic of South Africa Abstract: This paper presents the results of an investigation undertaken on the influence of energy saving on the quality of lighting services on selected hotels in Mpumalanga, one of the nine provinces of the Republic of South Africa. This paper adopted a multiple case study methodology in which eight hotels were selected for in-depth study. Questionnaires, observation checklist, energy meters and a lux meter were used for data collection. Microsoft Excel 2013 was used for descriptive statistical analysis of collected data. Information on input energy consumption for lighting (in energy quantity, cost and carbon foot print) and lighting levels in the selected hotels were analysed. The results show that all the selected hotels were energy saving in their lighting services. However, none of the hotels' lighting services were compliant with minimum standard of 100 lux. This paper concludes by suggesting that tourism and hospitality councils should raise awareness about services standards. Lastly, health authorities should monitor and enforce compliance standards in hotels in order to prevent the health and associated consequences of poor lighting on guests and hotel staff. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 301-305 Issue: 4 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1082369 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1082369 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:4:p:301-305 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1082370_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Nwasinachi U. Menkiti Author-X-Name-First: Nwasinachi U. Author-X-Name-Last: Menkiti Author-Name: Jonah C. Agunwamba Author-X-Name-First: Jonah C. Author-X-Name-Last: Agunwamba Title: Assessment of noise pollution from electricity generators in a high-density residential area Abstract: Noise pollution associated with household electricity generators is an emerging environmental degradation in many developing nations. The aim of this study is to evaluate noise pollution from the use of household electricity generators in a high-density residential area. A survey was conducted with 302 households who participated as respondents, and the procedure adopted noise measurements and a descriptive survey. Measured noise levels were compared with levels allowed by the World Health Organization (WHO). The average noise level of 97.60 dB obtained exceeded the WHO value of 50 dB allowed for residential areas. There was a significant test difference (p < 0.05) in the means and variances of the noise level in the study area and the WHO standard. A principal component analysis (PCA) version of factor analysis was used to assess the respondents’ attitudes on the machines’ usage. There was a significant Bartlett's sphericity test difference (p < 0.05) in the residents’ perceptions. The respondents identified various factors arising from noise pollution to include social and health effects, awareness of the impact of noise pollution from electricity generating sets, and the need for government intervention, among others. This makes it imperative for the environmental regulatory authorities to be proactive on compliance and to create awareness on noise pollution control programmes. Increased power generation is also sought to reduce the use of electricity generators and thus lower noise pollution from this source. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 306-312 Issue: 4 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1082370 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1082370 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:4:p:306-312 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1082371_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Nadia van Huyssteen Author-X-Name-First: Nadia Author-X-Name-Last: van Huyssteen Author-Name: Johan Wilhelm Strydom Author-X-Name-First: Johan Wilhelm Author-X-Name-Last: Strydom Author-Name: Sharon Rudansky-Kloppers Author-X-Name-First: Sharon Author-X-Name-Last: Rudansky-Kloppers Title: Online marketing communication tools used by guest houses in Pretoria, South Africa Abstract: The purpose of the research was to determine which online marketing communication tools are available and are most frequently used by guest houses in Pretoria. There are a large number of guest houses operating in South Africa and the hospitality industry is information intensive. Innovative marketing communication becomes a necessity to survive and grow in an uncertain business climate. A quantitative research method was followed. Primary data were collected by means of a survey approach during personal interviews with the guest house owners/managers. Specific corpographic details of guest houses and the most frequently used online marketing communication tools were canvassed. The four most frequently used online marketing communication tools are guest house websites, branded e-mail, search engine optimisation and social networking. The findings suggest that guest houses have to invest more time and money in implementing specific online marketing communication tools, such as social networking and the use of search engine optimisation. The results confirmed the importance of electronic tools in an organisation's marketing strategy, specifically for small businesses such as guest houses. This research can assist guest house owners and managers in their decision-making on the use of online marketing communication tools as part of their marketing strategy. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 313-322 Issue: 4 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1082371 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1082371 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:4:p:313-322 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1096526_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: V. Upadhyay Author-X-Name-First: V. Author-X-Name-Last: Upadhyay Title: Capital in the Twenty-First Century Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 323-325 Issue: 4 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1096526 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1096526 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:4:p:323-325 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1097233_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Chipo Mukonza Author-X-Name-First: Chipo Author-X-Name-Last: Mukonza Author-Name: Godwell Nhamo Author-X-Name-First: Godwell Author-X-Name-Last: Nhamo Title: Institutional and regulatory framework for biodiesel production: International perspectives and lessons for South Africa Abstract: Biodiesel is produced from a range of feedstock including oil seeds (canola/rape and soya beans), as well as used cooking oil. This is done by converting the oil to methyl esters in a transesterification process that yields glycerine as one of the by-products. Biodiesel production is largely dependent on the policy and the institutional framework put in place by host economies. This paper examines the institutional and regulatory frameworks established in leading biodiesel producing countries and compares them to the situation in South Africa. It also analyses the interactions of biodiesel industry players at government and producer levels to ascertain the degree of economic viability of proposed and current projects against legislation. There are two broad findings that the paper brings to the fore. Firstly, policy regime and regulatory frameworks have been essential ingredients in the promulgation of biodiesel in the energy mix. Biodiesel policies have been driven by market expansion and technological change. Secondly, functional institutions are key enablers in the production and distribution of biodiesel. A key lesson for South Africa is that it has to make a clear choice on which form of renewable energy to use, as uptake of the technology is mainly driven by subsidies and incentives which require huge capital injections. If South Africa embraces the subsidy route it needs to come up with a policy that can survive the post-subsidy era. More importantly, South Africa needs to find a way that will make the costs of biodiesel competitive when compared to fossil fuels. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1-11 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1097233 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1097233 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:1:p:1-11 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1128040_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Kingstone Mujeyi Author-X-Name-First: Kingstone Author-X-Name-Last: Mujeyi Author-Name: Shephard Siziba Author-X-Name-First: Shephard Author-X-Name-Last: Siziba Author-Name: Wilbert. Z. Sadomba Author-X-Name-First: Wilbert. Z. Author-X-Name-Last: Sadomba Author-Name: Jackqeline Mutambara Author-X-Name-First: Jackqeline Author-X-Name-Last: Mutambara Title: Technical efficiency of informal manufacturing sector enterprises: Evidence from the informal metal industry of Zimbabwe Abstract: Using data collected from a sample of 442 informal enterprises operating at eight centres in three provinces of Zimbabwe, this study evaluates technical efficiency of selected informal sector metal manufacturing enterprises. An analysis of factors that influence such efficiency levels has been conducted by way of estimating a stochastic frontier (Cobb-Douglas) production function. The analysis finds that operations in the informal metal manufacturing industry are still highly labour intensive with 75% of gross value added coming from labour contribution. The mean technical efficiency of the informal firms has been found to be 0.72, implying that there is still scope for enterprises in the informal metal manufacturing industry to increase their production by 28% if they efficiently allocate available productive inputs using available technology. The main sources and determinants of the inefficiency were also analysed and identified as comprising location of the enterprise, age of entrepreneur, level of education, age of firm and experience of firm owner, which were found to have significant influences on (in)efficiency. The study recommends that public policy should create an environment conducive to aiding entrepreneurs to operate by way of relaxing regulatory requirements for formalising the business ventures of small firms and emerging entrepreneurs. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 12-17 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1128040 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1128040 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:1:p:12-17 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1163481_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Alex Okibe Edeoja Author-X-Name-First: Alex Okibe Author-X-Name-Last: Edeoja Author-Name: Andrew C. Eloka-Eboka Author-X-Name-First: Andrew C. Author-X-Name-Last: Eloka-Eboka Title: Thermal energy conservation strategy: A case of a modified local charcoal stove utilisation Abstract: The proliferation and use of charcoal stoves is on the increase even in urban locations in Africa despite the environmental hazard associated with charcoal production. The rising cost of fossil fuel, the smokeless nature of charcoal combustion and probably inexistent or ineffective legislation against deforestation could be the reasons for this. This study aims at more efficient use of the energy available from the use of common charcoal stoves. A common slightly improved charcoal stove was placed in an enclosure with openings for air inflow and heating of the pot, and linked to a heat receiver through a duct all made of burnt brick. The stove enclosure, heat receiver inlet and outlet, and the ambient temperatures were measured during the boiling of water for 3 periods/stages of 22 minutes per day for 6 days. The quantity of heat generated in the enclosure, the percentage reaching the heat receiver and the total heat losses from the system were computed under steady state conditions. A mean value of 93.85 kJ/kg of heated air was generated in the enclosure with about 34.33% reaching the heat receiver. The mean temperature within the heat receiver was 70.4 °C and the mean total heat loss from the system was about 6.4 kJ/kg of air. There was a significant difference between the thermal energy lost and trapped within and amongst the three stages; (p ≤ 0.05) and significant also with time for the three stages and within the stages of operation (p ≤ 0.05) with positive correlation of total heat lost and the heat trapped for conservation. This significantly indicates great potentials for utilising part of the thermal energy generated from the use of charcoal stoves for cooking as losses for other alternative uses such as drying and other forms of preservation of foodstuff thereby improving their utilisation efficiency and probably compensating in part for the adverse effect on the environment as a result of sustained charcoal production. This is an eye-opener situation in the quest for total energy conservation and conversion in any energy system. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 18-26 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1163481 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1163481 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:1:p:18-26 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1128042_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Sandeep K. Panda Author-X-Name-First: Sandeep K. Author-X-Name-Last: Panda Author-Name: Sunil K. Behera Author-X-Name-First: Sunil K. Author-X-Name-Last: Behera Author-Name: Umesh C. Sahu Author-X-Name-First: Umesh C. Author-X-Name-Last: Sahu Author-Name: Ramesh C. Ray Author-X-Name-First: Ramesh C. Author-X-Name-Last: Ray Author-Name: Eugenie Kayitesi Author-X-Name-First: Eugenie Author-X-Name-Last: Kayitesi Author-Name: A.F. Mulaba-Bafubiandi Author-X-Name-First: A.F. Author-X-Name-Last: Mulaba-Bafubiandi Title: Bioprocessing of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.) pulp into wine: Technology, proximate composition and sensory evaluation Abstract: Major wineries are confined to using grapes as substrate, as a result of which other fruits, especially in the tropical zone, remain underutilised. A wine, from jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.) pulp, was prepared by fermenting with wine yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as starter culture. The wine had the following proximate compositions: total soluble solids, 1.8° Brix; total sugar, 4.32 g/100 ml; titratable acidity, 1.16 g tartaric acid/ 100 ml; pH, 3.52; total phenolics, 0.78 g/100 ml; β-carotene, 12 µg/100 ml; ascorbic acid, 1.78 g/100 ml; lactic acid, 0.64 mg/100 ml and ethanol content of 8.23% (v/v). The jackfruit wine had a DPPH scavenging activity of 32% at a dose of 250 µg/ml. The jackfruit wine was well accepted among consumers as per its organoleptic properties. Principal component analysis reduced the 10 original analytical and proximate variables (TSS, total sugar, TA, pH, phenol, β-carotene, ascorbic acid, lactic acid, ethanol and DPPH scavenging activity) into four independent components which accounted for 83.42% of variations. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 27-32 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1128042 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1128042 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:1:p:27-32 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1128044_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Kassu Jilcha Author-X-Name-First: Kassu Author-X-Name-Last: Jilcha Author-Name: Daniel Kitaw Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Author-X-Name-Last: Kitaw Author-Name: Birhanu Beshah Author-X-Name-First: Birhanu Author-X-Name-Last: Beshah Title: Workplace innovation influence on occupational safety and health Abstract: Innovation is an important science for the sustainable development of any country. Workplace innovation brings radical change in the workers’ environment, thereby enhancing the profitability of companies. However, most research and discussion of innovations are focussed on product development and/or process improvement, disregarding workplace and service innovation. Hence, this study aims to identify gaps that exist in previous studies to recommend further research areas related to workplace innovation influences on Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) interventions. The research was carried out through extensive literature reviews. It is evident that the influence of workplace innovation has been neglected in many studies despite the significance for workplace safety and health. Findings from the literature review revealed that workplace innovation has not been properly differentiated from new product development innovation and there are few cases of research carried out on the workplace innovation in particular. Thus, this research finding identified gaps in workplace innovation (non-technical innovation) such as workplace organisation, workplace layout, human resource management, top management changes, workers’ participation, policy and training. Hence, the workplace innovation influence on OSH indicates further research that can be conducted. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 33-42 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1128044 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1128044 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:1:p:33-42 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1128043_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Theresadevi Moodley Author-X-Name-First: Theresadevi Author-X-Name-Last: Moodley Author-Name: Irene Govender Author-X-Name-First: Irene Author-X-Name-Last: Govender Title: Factors influencing academic use of internet banking services: An empirical study Abstract: This study explores factors influencing the adoption of Internet banking. Based on the literature and the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model, six constructs which influence academics’ usage of and behavioural intention to adopt Internet banking were identified: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, social influence, perceived risk and trust. Data was collected from 272 academics through a survey questionnaire, and correlations and regression were used to analyse the relationships. The results indicate that, while performance expectancy, effort expectancy and facilitating conditions had a positive association with academics’ Internet banking usage, it was not possible to find support for a positive association for social influence with academics’ Internet banking usage. Secondly, while trust had a positive association with academics’ behavioural intention to use Internet banking, the null hypothesis that perceived risk has no association with intention to use Internet banking could not be rejected. Facilitating conditions is the most influential factor explaining the usage of Internet banking. Implications from these findings may help banking institutions to structure their service model tactically for broader Internet banking usage and adoption. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 43-51 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1128043 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1128043 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:1:p:43-51 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1132533_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Keagile Mati Author-X-Name-First: Keagile Author-X-Name-Last: Mati Author-Name: Richard Shambare Author-X-Name-First: Richard Author-X-Name-Last: Shambare Title: Developing lifelong customers in the mobile phone market: A South African case study Abstract: This paper argues that, to survive in increasingly competitive mobile phone markets, mobile phone service providers should develop marketing strategies that not only address immediate marketing needs of short-term profitability, but also emphasise developing lifelong customers. Although this approach might negatively affect short-term profits, these, however, can be compensated in the long-run. In this paper, we posit that long-run marketing success is a function of how a service provider attracts and maintains customers over sustained periods. A sample of South African Generation Y mobile phone subscribers was studied with a view to identifying factors leading to lifelong patronage to a service provider. Contrary to past findings that suggest subscribers migrate permanently from one operator to a competitor, this study provides two new insights. Firstly, although subscriber migration across mobile networks was observed, it is not as widespread as earlier thought; and more importantly it is not permanent. Movement across networks on the part of subscribers is a strategy to enhance their satisfaction by complementing services from different operators. The findings of the paper mostly apply to African and other emerging markets. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 52-60 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1132533 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1132533 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:1:p:52-60 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1132534_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Lauri Hooli Author-X-Name-First: Lauri Author-X-Name-Last: Hooli Author-Name: Jussi S. Jauhiainen Author-X-Name-First: Jussi S. Author-X-Name-Last: Jauhiainen Author-Name: Kristiina Lähde Author-X-Name-First: Kristiina Author-X-Name-Last: Lähde Title: Living labs and knowledge creation in developing countries: Living labs as a tool for socio-economic resilience in Tanzania Abstract: Living Labs (LL) are platforms to increase innovation through the interaction of various actors. LLs are based on an open innovation process, community involvement, co-creation of products, and services or societal innovations together with users. Bottom-up approaches, such as LLs, are needed to support innovation processes in local communities. Developing countries expect that innovation systems with LLs will contribute positively to socio-economic resilience and poverty alleviation. However, only few studies exist about LLs in developing countries. This article studies LLs in Tanzania, with regard to their knowledge creation processes and contribution to socio-economic resilience of local communities. In Tanzania, LLs create new entrepreneurial skills and opportunities for people with limited formal education. The participants in LLs discuss and define local challenges in groups and find solutions through co-creation. They combine local knowledge and practices with external ones, the latter found mostly through learning to use the Internet. Direct networking between LLs in Tanzania helps to share experiences and best practices. External funding and know-how transfer support LLs, but the commitment of their key person(s) is crucial. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 61-70 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1132534 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1132534 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:1:p:61-70 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1132537_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mosotho George Author-X-Name-First: Mosotho Author-X-Name-Last: George Author-Name: Ts'ukulu Motsamai Author-X-Name-First: Ts'ukulu Author-X-Name-Last: Motsamai Title: Development and characterisation of a modified multi-purpose pine oil detergent for a small-scale manufacturer in Lesotho Abstract: The interest in small-scale manufacturing of simple products seems to be growing in Lesotho. However, this could have undesirable effects without insights into the chemical processes involved in such presumed simple processes. This manuscript reports the partnership between the National University of Lesotho and a small-scale manufacturer in the preparation and characterisation of a simple pine oil-based detergent, popularly known as Pine Gel, as a response to calls for relevant and responsive research by the higher education sector. This project reduced the input cost by about 31% on raw materials, and an overall profit margin improvement of 11% through the net production line. This was achieved through the reduction of pine oil, the most expensive component in the whole process, and its replacement with 3.5% of “Reagent X” (identity withheld for commercial purposes). The modified detergent was characterised for efficiency employing the critical micelle concentration (CMC) technique showing a CMC of 0.0683 g/cm3 – a superiority of about 29% over the commercially available parent product (CMC of 0.0953 g/cm3). The new formulation has already been commissioned to the manufacturer. These results demonstrate the importance of the much touted partnerships between academia and private sector in economic development of a country. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 71-78 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1132537 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1132537 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:1:p:71-78 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1132538_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Kazeem A Adebiyi Author-X-Name-First: Kazeem A Author-X-Name-Last: Adebiyi Author-Name: Olasunkanmi O Akinyemi Author-X-Name-First: Olasunkanmi O Author-X-Name-Last: Akinyemi Author-Name: Egunleti O Adeleye Author-X-Name-First: Egunleti O Author-X-Name-Last: Adeleye Title: Multi-criteria performance evaluation of an airline maintenance programme – A case study Abstract: It has always been a concern to most airline operators why their aircraft are on the ground despite all the resources being incurred on maintenance. It is the main goal of this study to evaluate the performance of an airline maintenance programme. Primary data were sourced from the maintenance department of a local airline operator while the secondary data were sourced from aviation journals and statutory regulatory provisions respectively. The information obtained was quantitatively analysed according to maintenance practice factor (MPF), maintenance practice contribution (MPC) and analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Maintenance practices analysed were; visual inspection, servicing, lubrication, cleaning and checking. Cleaning had the highest maintenance practice with a mean MPF of 95.3%. Scheduled maintenance method had the highest contribution of use with a mean MPC of 100%, showing how effective it is. The AHP revealed that the Logistics and Planning elements of the maintenance programme contribute more to the success of the maintenance programme with a contribution of value for money of 26.1%. The consistency ratios indicate consistency in the judgments obtained from experts in the maintenance department. To have aircraft that are ready to fly, emphasis should be placed on the effectiveness and efficiency of the Logistics and Planning activities of the airline’s maintenance department. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 79-87 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1132538 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1132538 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:1:p:79-87 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1132549_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Olasumbo Ayodeji Makinde Author-X-Name-First: Olasumbo Ayodeji Author-X-Name-Last: Makinde Author-Name: Khumbulani Mpofu Author-X-Name-First: Khumbulani Author-X-Name-Last: Mpofu Author-Name: Boitumelo Ramatsetse Author-X-Name-First: Boitumelo Author-X-Name-Last: Ramatsetse Title: Mining business optimisation through a reconfigurable vibrating screen design Abstract: Fluctuation in mineral concentrates demand, unstable mineral market conditions and high machine downtime and its associated costs have been the most recent challenges that have affected the mining industry. This sector has not fully understood these factors. In order to provide solutions for the aforementioned bottlenecks faced by mining industries, the Innovative Manufacturing Design Solution (IMDS) Group in the department of Industrial Engineering at Tshwane University of Technology (TUT) has designed a new beneficiation machine called a reconfigurable vibrating screen (RVS) machine using reconfigurable manufacturing system principles. The RVS machine achieves mineral beneficiation optimisation through geometric transformation of the screen surface structure and productivity adjustments. Geometric transformation of the screen surface structure involves horizontal (screen surface length and breadth) reconfiguration which is automatically achieved using a hybrid control system that is open and modular, while productivity and adjustment are enabled using a plug and produce device. Geometric transformation mechanism feasibility on the RVS machine allows the mineral beneficiation experts and mining engineers in mining industries to adjust the machine screen length and breadth to the required configuration dimensions, thus improving the capability; beneficiation capacity and productivity of the machine. It is envisaged that this innovation will increase profitability in small to medium mining enterprises (SMMEs) with medium to moderate capital in the mining business through production of scalable and customised RVS machines (at a reduced cost) which SMMEs can afford. A full-scale RVS machine computer-aided design (CAD) model of this machine was designed to a specification of approximately 4.7 m length by 2.5 m breadth with a total estimated screen weight capacity of 16 121 tons for beneficiating and screening mineral particles between size ranges of 50 mm to 3 mm. Furthermore, a hand simulation-based optimisation was carried out to showcase how the RVS machine can be used to manage the aforementioned difficulties faced by the mining industries. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 88-96 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1132549 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1132549 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:1:p:88-96 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1128038_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Johannes Tabi Atemnkeng Author-X-Name-First: Johannes Tabi Author-X-Name-Last: Atemnkeng Author-Name: Andrew Wujung Vukenkeng Author-X-Name-First: Andrew Wujung Author-X-Name-Last: Vukenkeng Title: Does social capital really determine poverty? Evidence from a Cameroon household survey Abstract: This paper examines the effect of social capital on household poverty using the 2007 Cameroon household survey. A social capital indicator is constructed using the polychoric principal components analysis method and econometric approaches are employed to correct for potential endogeneity and unobserved heterogeneity in a step-wise manner and simultaneously. The results provide empirical evidence that social capital is a multidimensional construct and relates positively to household welfare. Our analysis suggests that policy makers interested in improving the living conditions of households may consider promoting an enabling, friendly and peaceful society for the emergence of local organisations as a relevant ingredient for achieving the Millennium Development Goal of reducing poverty by half. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 97-110 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1128038 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1128038 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:1:p:97-110 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1128039_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Williams S. Ebhota Author-X-Name-First: Williams S. Author-X-Name-Last: Ebhota Author-Name: Freddie Inambao Author-X-Name-First: Freddie Author-X-Name-Last: Inambao Title: Design basics of a small hydro turbine plant for capacity building in sub-Saharan Africa Abstract: This paper presents a simplified design considerations for a propeller hydro-turbine, including tabulated relevant mathematical expressions of operating parameters. In the design calculation, a 2.5 m head and 0.183 m3/s flow rate were used as river data for power of 2.61 kW. A four-blade propeller with an outer diameter of 0.226 m and a hub diameter of 0.079 m was considered suitable for the low head application. Dimensionless performance parameters for various power (2–10 kW) and flow rate (0.2–0.6 m3/s) were evaluated (using constant head and rotational speed), the results were tabulated and graphs plotted. The static axial force on the blade and hub analysis was carried out and results shown satisfactory performance of aluminum 6061-T6 alloy as the blade material. Popularisation of small hydro power (SHP) design and production technology in sub-Saharan Africa through domestic capacity building will accelerate local fabrication of SHP plants and components. The study recommends that the design process be based on available materials and manufacturing facilities. The provision of SHP for rural areas, industrial estates and standalone electrification will provoke commercial and industrial activities in sub-Saharan Africa. This will consequently raise the productivity and the standard of living of the people. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 111-120 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1128039 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1128039 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:1:p:111-120 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1147208_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Nasibu Mramba Author-X-Name-First: Nasibu Author-X-Name-Last: Mramba Author-Name: Mikko Apiola Author-X-Name-First: Mikko Author-X-Name-Last: Apiola Author-Name: Emmanuel Awuni Kolog Author-X-Name-First: Emmanuel Awuni Author-X-Name-Last: Kolog Author-Name: Erkki Sutinen Author-X-Name-First: Erkki Author-X-Name-Last: Sutinen Title: Technology for street traders in Tanzania: A design science research approach Abstract: The informal sector employs the major part of workers in developing countries. Street trading is a common form of informal work. Despite its huge economic value in developing countries, little research is being done to improve street traders’ empowerment and entrepreneurship. Also, development informatics is over-focused on social development and under-focused on economic development. This study takes a design science research (DSR) approach in order to identify barriers for street traders in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, that can be addressed with technology. As a follow-up to our previous qualitative study, a questionnaire was administered to a sample of (N = 285) street traders. The data was analysed using mixed methods. The results show that street traders operate in a challenging environment, and make most of their decisions based on tacit knowledge. Traders are restrained by unreliable business information, weak business strategies, and access to capital. A variety of technology innovations, such as customer-client matchmaking, and record keeping are proposed to directly address the daily challenges of street traders. Future technology projects form exciting possibilities for technology experts, students, and scholars globally. The expected future implications of this project are increased STI capacities, economic growth, and human development. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 121-133 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1147208 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1147208 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:1:p:121-133 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1156841_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Samuel Ilupeju Author-X-Name-First: Samuel Author-X-Name-Last: Ilupeju Author-Name: Freddie Inambao Author-X-Name-First: Freddie Author-X-Name-Last: Inambao Author-Name: Yetunde Ilupeju Author-X-Name-First: Yetunde Author-X-Name-Last: Ilupeju Author-Name: Taha Selim Ustun Author-X-Name-First: Taha Selim Author-X-Name-Last: Ustun Title: Modelling and performance of an automated small hybrid plant Abstract: Small rivers that can generate useful quantities of electricity are freely and proportionally distributed in Africa. Thousands of potential sites are available in South Africa, capable of generating hundreds of megawatts. Small hydropower generation is not a new approach in this part of the world, as many nearby countries are embarking it.This research proposes a generic model of a complete hybrid hydropower plant. The plant combines a river run-off unit and a pumped storage unit to form a complete standalone power plant for rural communities. The river run-off unit in the design generates power continuously for 24 hours while the pumped storage is filled at low consumption periods from power generated by the river run-off unit, to be released in peak periods to meet consumers’ immediate electricity load needs. The plant is operated using a microchip control model. It is projected that the plant will be able to meet peak demand power needs, and can be implemented in typical farm settlement and suburban communities in Africa. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1-7 Issue: 1 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1156841 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1156841 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:1:p:1-7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1358916_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Basil Olufemi Akinnuli Author-X-Name-First: Basil Olufemi Author-X-Name-Last: Akinnuli Title: Modelling machinery procurement with an emphasis on engineering features Abstract: Engineering features are one of the predominant factors in considering machines for procurement; others are economic and supply conditions. Three major attributes considered under these strategic decisions are engineering features (reliability), economic features (annual operating cost) and supply condition (delivery date). This is an extension of previous work that focused on the economic factor as the predominant factor. There are benchmarks set for the three strategic decisions for selecting the best equipment or machinery supplier from available alternatives. Because of the multi-objective nature of this problem, there is a need for a surrogate model. A heuristic model was used because of its simplicity and the results were validated using a goal-programming model as the decision tools. This model finds acceptability when procuring equipment/machinery that requires a high level of reliability, and the economic feature as well as supply conditions should be within acceptable limits, such as machine tools, aircraft, industrial machinery, etc. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 8-12 Issue: 1 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1358916 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1358916 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:1:p:8-12 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1380585_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Omoseni O. Adepoju Author-X-Name-First: Omoseni O. Author-X-Name-Last: Adepoju Author-Name: Zacheus Opafunso Author-X-Name-First: Zacheus Author-X-Name-Last: Opafunso Author-Name: Modupe Ajayi Author-X-Name-First: Modupe Author-X-Name-Last: Ajayi Title: Primary Health Care in South West Nigeria: Evaluating service quality and patients' satisfaction Abstract: Primary health care (PHC) is a fundamental, cost-effective approach in delivering essential healthcare services to achieve quality life for all. This study assesses service quality and patient satisfaction in the PHC sector in South West Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling approach was adopted which resulted in data collection from 239 respondents and the SERVQUAL measurement tool underpinned the quality of service delivery assessment. To this end, this study revealed that PHC service utilizers were not satisfied with the quality of service in terms of any of the dimensions assessed (assurance, reliability, tangibles, empathy and responsiveness). Patients were particularly dissatisfied in terms of tangibles, reliability and assurance. In addition, the study found that tangibles, assurance, reliability and empathy have a significant relationship with patient satisfaction. The study concludes that PHC service providers need to pay particular attention to the gaps in order to deliver high service quality and improve overall patient satisfaction. This can be achieved by the provision of modern equipment, employment of more staff for prompt service delivery and training of existing health personnel to deliver better services. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 13-19 Issue: 1 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1380585 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1380585 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:1:p:13-19 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1380932_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: B. M. Arthur-Aidoo Author-X-Name-First: B. M. Author-X-Name-Last: Arthur-Aidoo Author-Name: C. O. Aigbavboa Author-X-Name-First: C. O. Author-X-Name-Last: Aigbavboa Author-Name: W. D. Thwala Author-X-Name-First: W. D. Author-X-Name-Last: Thwala Title: Exploratory factor analysis on drivers of firm’s growth among construction SMEs in Ghana Abstract: The growth of construction SMEs is imperative if an economy is to develop. Numerous factors influence the growth of construction SMEs due to the nature of their operation. Their growth can also be driven their activities which can be classified as internal or external. This study explored the organic (internal) factors that drive the growth of construction SMEs. To achieve the goal of the study, the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) technique was adopted. The study used a sample size of 228 out of the 315 questionnaires (a response rate of 72.3%) which were administered to a population consisting of firm owners, SME managers and construction industry professionals engaged by SMEs operating within the ten regional capitals in Ghana. The study established entrepreneurial features, firm characteristics, the business environment and stakeholder involvement as the vital factors which influence the growth of construction SMEs. Findings from the study ranked stakeholder involvement (SKI) as the most important factor in the growth of construction SMEs and the business environment of a firm (BEF) as the least important. Given the explored factors which influence the growth of construction SMEs in Ghana, the results have established their respective values for both KMO and Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity which makes the findings fit for further analytical test on firm’s growth. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 20-27 Issue: 1 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1380932 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1380932 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:1:p:20-27 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1381458_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Abiodun Isaac Oyebola Author-X-Name-First: Abiodun Isaac Author-X-Name-Last: Oyebola Author-Name: Titilayo Olubunmi Olaposi Author-X-Name-First: Titilayo Olubunmi Author-X-Name-Last: Olaposi Author-Name: Olawale Oladapo Adejuwon Author-X-Name-First: Olawale Oladapo Author-X-Name-Last: Adejuwon Author-Name: Joshua Babatunde Akarakiri Author-X-Name-First: Joshua Babatunde Author-X-Name-Last: Akarakiri Title: New product development process: The case of selected technical and vocational colleges in Nigeria Abstract: An examination of the literature reveals that studies on new product development processes have been carried out mostly in western contexts using sequential models. This study was conducted using the innovation systems approach and a sequential model to analyze new product development processes in selected technical and vocational colleges in Nigeria. Using a questionnaire survey method, the sequential model revealed that most of the respondents (91%) conceived of their products through job experience and only 4.9% conceived of product ideas through R&D, showing a weakness in science-based enquiries in the invention stages. In addition, 73.9% developed prototypes while 82.2%, 80.4%, and 69.2% conducted feasibly studies, business analyses and market surveys, respectively. These results imply capability in the commercialization stages of the sequential model. The systems of innovation approach however revealed very weak linkages with universities and R&D institutes which could have complemented lack of R&D activities in the technical and vocational colleges. While some useful and beneficial technological products have been developed in the colleges, we conclude that the use of sequential models and systems of innovation approach may bring a fresh perspective to the product development process. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 28-36 Issue: 1 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1381458 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1381458 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:1:p:28-36 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1382660_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Shiva Prashanth Kumar Kodicherla Author-X-Name-First: Shiva Prashanth Kumar Author-X-Name-Last: Kodicherla Author-Name: Satyanarayana Gaddada Author-X-Name-First: Satyanarayana Author-X-Name-Last: Gaddada Title: Feasibility of electricity generation using WECS in the selected locations of Tigray region (Ethiopia) Abstract: This paper presents the feasibility of electricity generation using WECS in the selected locations of Tigray region in Ethiopia. Weibull parameters were obtained using the energy pattern factor method (EPFM). A linear agreement was observed between mean wind speed and power density. Analysis of the present value of cost per kilowatt hour was estimated for selected wind turbines at different hub heights. In addition, regardless of the location, power law curve fit provides higher regression than the linear curve fit. From the analysis of results and discussion, it is revealed that (WECS)III has the least progressive ratio when compared with (WECS)IV. Finally, the average specific cost per unit for all chosen turbines at Mekele and Chercher is comparable to the cost per kWh charged by EEPCo, except for a few turbines in this study. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 37-47 Issue: 1 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1382660 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1382660 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:1:p:37-47 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1382661_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: L. J. S. Baiyegunhi Author-X-Name-First: L. J. S. Author-X-Name-Last: Baiyegunhi Author-Name: M. B. Hassan Author-X-Name-First: M. B. Author-X-Name-Last: Hassan Title: Household wealth and adoption of Integrated Striga Management (ISM) technologies in northern Nigeria Abstract: Agricultural households in developing countries often are unable and unwilling to adopt new technologies due to the deterrents to adoption imposed by numerous socio-economic, institutional and ecological factors. However, economic theory predicts that relatively wealthy households have better ability to cope with production and price risks and as a result are more willing to adopt improved farm technology compared to poor households. Cross-sectional farm-level data collected from 643 households in Kano and Bauchi states in northern Nigeria in the 2013/2014 cropping season was used for the study. The study first categorized households into two wealth groups – poorly-endowed and well-endowed, to test whether differences in their wealth/stock of productive assets affects their Integrated Striga Management (ISM) technologies adoption and use intensity decisions. Separate double-hurdle models were estimated for each wealth groups. Empirical results show that factors explaining adoption decision and use intensity of ISM technologies differ across the two wealth groups. Hence, it is imperative that policies that are aimed at increasing the adoption and use intensity of ISM technologies and their subsequent impacts on households’ food security and livelihood target different wealth groups. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 48-61 Issue: 1 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1382661 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1382661 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:1:p:48-61 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1385132_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Russel Mhundwa Author-X-Name-First: Russel Author-X-Name-Last: Mhundwa Author-Name: Michael Simon Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Simon Author-Name: Stephen Loh Tangwe Author-X-Name-First: Stephen Loh Author-X-Name-Last: Tangwe Title: Modelling of an on-farm direct expansion bulk milk cooler to establish baseline energy consumption without milk pre-cooling: A case of Fort Hare Dairy Trust, South Africa Abstract: Storage of milk at a low temperature of 4°C inhibits bacterial growth. As such bulk milk coolers (BMC) are used for cooling and storage of milk on dairy farms. This paper presents performance monitoring of a direct expansion bulk milk cooler to establish its baseline energy consumption without milk pre-cooling through mathematical modelling. A data acquisition system comprising a power meter, a data logger, temperature sensors and relative humidity and ambient temperature sensors was constructed to capture the energy consumption of the BMC, room temperature and ambient conditions. On-farm milk records were used to determine milk production per milking session. Two milking times were considered, that is for the morning and the late afternoon periods. The average daily electrical energy consumption of the BMC for the two milking times was 48.31 kWh and 43.23 kWh, respectively. Mathematical models represented as multiple linear regression models were built and developed using the experimental data. The developed mathematical models gave good agreement with the experimental results as evidenced by correlation coefficients of 0.922 and 0.8995. ReliefF algorithm revealed that volume of milk is the principal contributor to the energy consumption of the BMC for both the AM and PM milking. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 62-68 Issue: 1 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1385132 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1385132 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:1:p:62-68 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1385133_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Shogo Mlozi Author-X-Name-First: Shogo Author-X-Name-Last: Mlozi Author-Name: Ossi Pesämaa Author-X-Name-First: Ossi Author-X-Name-Last: Pesämaa Author-Name: Sarah Jack Author-X-Name-First: Sarah Author-X-Name-Last: Jack Title: Role of reciprocity and innovativeness on performance in a developing context: Empirical evidence from Africa Abstract: Generally, investors tend to invest when likelihood of success is high. Many investors consider Africa as one market and neglect individual differences among African countries. Africa is mostly considered a high-risk market and conceptually innovativeness involves uncertainty, which precedes risk. However, it is known that when uncertainty is high there is a stronger correspondence between innovativeness and performance. As uncertainty is high in Africa, this paper claims that it is plausible to find correspondence between innovativeness and performance. This argument is developed since investors typically cope with uncertainty by networking on a reciprocal basis and preferring munificent markets. This link leads us to ask if innovativeness mediates the effect of relatively rich/poor environmental munificence and reciprocal exchange on performance in South Sudan (S. Sudan) and Tanzania. A tested model reveals that four components and an underlying 12 different observations are equivalent across both countries. Furthermore, a tested structural model confirms that the business logic of investors is quite different in S. Sudan and Tanzania. Innovativeness completely mediates effects of reciprocity and munificence on performance in Tanzania but not in S. Sudan. We found some support for the relationship between reciprocity and innovativeness but no support for munificence on innovativeness and performance. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 69-84 Issue: 1 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1385133 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1385133 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:1:p:69-84 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1394957_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Alicia Neva Weber Author-X-Name-First: Alicia Neva Author-X-Name-Last: Weber Author-Name: Johanna Adolphina Badenhorst-Weiss Author-X-Name-First: Johanna Adolphina Author-X-Name-Last: Badenhorst-Weiss Title: The ‘new’ bricks-and-mortar store: An evaluation of website quality of online grocery retailers in BRICS countries Abstract: Background: Online grocery retailing holds potentially fruitful outcomes for retailers and consumers. However, both retailers and consumers have been slow to adopt and participate in this form of grocery retailing, especially in countries with emerging economies such as those in BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) countries.Objectives: Websites are significant in an e-supply chain, as they replace the conventional bricks-and-mortar store. This article fills a gap in the literature by considering the website as a barrier to online grocery retailing.Method: The website qualities of nine online grocers from BRICS countries are evaluated through content analysis to determine whether the website is a possible barrier. Two prominent online grocers’ websites from the United Kingdom (UK) served as the benchmark.Results: The findings indicate that the websites of online grocers in BRICS countries comply with the quality criteria and are comparable (in terms of quality) with the websites of leading online grocers from the UK.Conclusion: In line with the findings, it can be concluded that a website is not a barrier impeding the growth of online grocery retailing in the emerging economies of BRICS countries. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 85-97 Issue: 1 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1394957 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1394957 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:1:p:85-97 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1396651_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Massimiliano Ferrara Author-X-Name-First: Massimiliano Author-X-Name-Last: Ferrara Author-Name: Roberto Mavilia Author-X-Name-First: Roberto Author-X-Name-Last: Mavilia Author-Name: Francesca Larosa Author-X-Name-First: Francesca Author-X-Name-Last: Larosa Title: Inventive activity and knowledge flows in the Mediterranean area: A social network analysis based investigation approach Abstract: This paper investigates the collaboration of inventive activities at firm level in the Mediterranean area by investigating, through social network analysis, the collaboration between the two shores of Mediterranean area. Using patent data, our aim is to capture some relevant features of inventive activities in the Mediterranean region. Moreover, thanks to a social network analysis based approach, we investigate the collaboration at firm level in inventive activities. Results lead to important policy insights. In the recent years, many attempts to develop and implement innovation, science and technology policies have been made by the Mediterranean countries, especially on the African continent. Our results can help in highliting the efficacy of such policies. Particularly, our findings can promote policies for innovation and improve research collaboration among OECD inventors. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 98-109 Issue: 1 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1396651 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1396651 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:1:p:98-109 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1399534_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Trust Saidi Author-X-Name-First: Trust Author-X-Name-Last: Saidi Author-Name: Tania S. Douglas Author-X-Name-First: Tania S. Author-X-Name-Last: Douglas Title: Towards the socialization of science, technology and innovation for African development Abstract: Developing countries, particularly those in Africa, have not been able to fully exploit the opportunities presented by recent Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) advances to address their developmental needs. The reasons for this include lack of supporting infrastructure, shortage of skilled personnel and inadequate budgetary provisions. These deficits pose formidable barriers to the exploitation of STI in Africa. While acknowledging the importance of these factors, we argue that they reflect only conditions that are exogenous to the development of STI. What is missing is an understanding of STI as a social system that is determined by societal factors such as culture, values and beliefs. It is against this background that this commentary focuses on the socialization of STI in Africa as a step towards its exploitation and ultimately towards strengthening the continent’s STI system. We argue that STI does not exist in a vacuum, but through human beings in action and in contexts, implicating diverse social groups, cultural values and local practices. To put our argument into perspective, we reflect on the Science, Technology and Innovation Strategy for Africa – 2024 as our point of departure. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 110-113 Issue: 1 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1399534 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1399534 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:1:p:110-113 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1399535_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Lars Guenther Author-X-Name-First: Lars Author-X-Name-Last: Guenther Author-Name: Marina Joubert Author-X-Name-First: Marina Author-X-Name-Last: Joubert Title: Support for research in climate change and nuclear energy, but less so for fracking: Born-free South Africans’ attitudes towards scientific controversies Abstract: Research into public perceptions of science and technology has often focused on scientific controversies (such as biotechnology or fracking), in order to inform policy decisions or to develop better communication strategies. Recent trends in this field of research acknowledge that the general public consists of various social segments that have quite different attitudes towards scientific controversies. While there is some data available for South Africa, the present study is the first to compare perceptions of different controversial scientific fields for a unique South African public: so-called born-frees; hence, the future leaders of the country. To investigate attitudes and support for public funding of science for different controversial scientific fields, in the present study 310 born-free South Africans were surveyed. The findings highlight that most born-free South Africans support the public funding of different controversial scientific fields tested in this study. However, they are more positive about climate change and nuclear energy research, and more undecided in the case of fracking and evolution. The study also shows that for each of the controversial scientific fields, unique influencing factors seem to shape perceptions, and the often-stated correlation between positive attitudes and support for public funding does not hold for all controversial issues. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 114-124 Issue: 1 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1399535 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1399535 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:1:p:114-124 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2058340_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Christelle Flore Kadjie Author-X-Name-First: Christelle Flore Author-X-Name-Last: Kadjie Author-Name: Prince Hikouatcha Author-X-Name-First: Prince Author-X-Name-Last: Hikouatcha Author-Name: Arsène Aurelien Njamen Kengdo Author-X-Name-First: Arsène Aurelien Author-X-Name-Last: Njamen Kengdo Author-Name: Tii N. Nchofoung Author-X-Name-First: Tii N. Author-X-Name-Last: Nchofoung Title: Determinants of adoption of electronic payment by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Cameroon Abstract: This paper aims to identify the determinants of the adoption of electronic payment in SMEs in Cameroon. It considers data collected from 117 SMEs. The methodology involves principal component analysis and ordinal logistic regression. The results obtained are at least twofold. First, the leading electronic payment tools adopted by these companies are mobile money, card and Internet payments. Second, their choice can be explained on the one hand by the characteristics of these payment tools such as convenience and cost of use, and on the other hand by contingency factors such as integration level and ICT’s mastery level of the manager. Accordingly, companies should be encouraged to use electronic payment tools based on the driving role they could play in providing basic infrastructure and guarantee financially secure transactions between economic agents. The original contribution of this paper is at least twofold. Firstly, methodologically, this study uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods and ordinal logistic regression. Secondly, while previous studies were limited to mobile money adoptions, this study further integrated online and card payments in the analyses. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 185-197 Issue: 2 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2022.2058340 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2022.2058340 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:2:p:185-197 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2061697_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Rachael Aderonke Ayo-Lawal Author-X-Name-First: Rachael Aderonke Author-X-Name-Last: Ayo-Lawal Author-Name: Caleb Muyiwa Adelowo Author-X-Name-First: Caleb Muyiwa Author-X-Name-Last: Adelowo Author-Name: Ayobami Adesina Oyewale Author-X-Name-First: Ayobami Adesina Author-X-Name-Last: Oyewale Author-Name: Emmanuel Emeka Ejim-Eze Author-X-Name-First: Emmanuel Emeka Author-X-Name-Last: Ejim-Eze Author-Name: Elizabeth Adeteju Omimakinde Author-X-Name-First: Elizabeth Adeteju Author-X-Name-Last: Omimakinde Author-Name: Wilson Oyekigho Erhun Author-X-Name-First: Wilson Oyekigho Author-X-Name-Last: Erhun Author-Name: Okechukwu Ukwuoma Author-X-Name-First: Okechukwu Author-X-Name-Last: Ukwuoma Title: Mapping the strength of sectoral innovation system in the Nigerian pharmaceutical industry: Empirical evidence Abstract: It is well known that innovation in the modern economy is driven by interactions among the stakeholders that make up the innovation system. Effective interactions among key actors in an innovation system foster flow of knowledge and resources development and commercialization of new products. This study assesses the depth of research and development (R&D) and level of interaction existing among key elements in the Nigerian pharmaceutical industry. Data were obtained from thirty-two manufacturing pharma firms, and sixty-nine researchers from faculties of pharmacy across Nigerian universities and three key research institutes with drug-related mandates. The results reveal poor synergy in research among the actors, and weak academia-industry interaction as only about one-third of industrial firms indicated active collaboration with knowledge institutions. More pertinently, over two-third of researchers in universities rated research-industry collaborations on most of the key aspects considered to be at least weak, Contract research and joint R&D activities were equally rated weak. The study concludes that the pharma innovation system in Nigeria requires serious government interventions by creating robust platform to promote productive interactions between these actors. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 198-210 Issue: 2 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2022.2061697 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2022.2061697 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:2:p:198-210 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2062654_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Rebecca Mukebezi Author-X-Name-First: Rebecca Author-X-Name-Last: Mukebezi Author-Name: Bernard Bonton Obaa Author-X-Name-First: Bernard Bonton Author-X-Name-Last: Obaa Author-Name: Florence Birungi Kyazze Author-X-Name-First: Florence Birungi Author-X-Name-Last: Kyazze Author-Name: Settumba B. Mukasa Author-X-Name-First: Settumba B. Author-X-Name-Last: Mukasa Author-Name: Irene Bulenzibuto Tamubula Author-X-Name-First: Irene Bulenzibuto Author-X-Name-Last: Tamubula Title: Socio-psychological factors influencing farmers’ willingness to continue participating in collaborative activities of community-based innovation platforms in eastern Uganda Abstract: This study employed an extended theory of planned behaviour to assess the socio-psychological factors influencing farmers’ willingness to continue participating (WTCP) in collaborative activities of community-based innovation platforms (CB-IPs). Using a structured questionnaire, data were obtained from a random sample of 231 farmers who had participated in collaborative activities of the CB-IPs. Data were analyzed using partial least squares-structural equation modelling. Findings showed that although farmers’ past-experience did not directly influence their WTCP in collaborative activities of CB-IPs, it was positive and significant when mediated by attitudes and perceived behavioural control (t-value = 6.840; p-value = 0.000). Therefore, it can be concluded that farmers’ WTCP in collaborative activities of CB-IPs is enhanced by three socio-psychological factors: favourable past-experience, positive attitudes towards collaborative activities of CB-IPs, and farmers’ perceived capacity to participate. Hence, conveners of collaborative activities of CB-IPs ought to improve farmers’ attitudes through organizing beneficial activities and building their capacity to participate. This study contributed to the body of knowledge by using a behavioural perspective to examine the socio-psychological factors that influence farmers’ continued participation in collaboration activities of CB-IPs. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 227-235 Issue: 2 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2022.2062654 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2022.2062654 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:2:p:227-235 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2062652_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Zemed Degu Mengesha Author-X-Name-First: Zemed Degu Author-X-Name-Last: Mengesha Author-Name: Lakhwinder Singh Author-X-Name-First: Lakhwinder Author-X-Name-Last: Singh Title: Human capital accumulation and economic growth of Ethiopian economy Abstract: Economic theory, empirical studies and public policy have underlined the importance of the relationship between human capital accumulation and economic growth. Several developing countries have included human capital development as an integral part of their national development plans and have devoted huge financial resources as a cornerstone to promote economic growth. The purpose of this study is to examine the long-run effects of human capital accumulation on the economic growth of a developing economy using evidence from Ethiopia. The study employed the human capital theory of economic growth and the augmented Solow-Swan model as a theoretical framework, and the ARDL bounds co-integration and error correction mechanism for parameter estimation. Time-series data, covering the period 1980/81 to 2019/20, were employed to examine the long-run relationship between economic growth and its dynamic regressors of human capital indicators. The secondary and tertiary educational attainments of the labour force and life expectancy at birth have a significant positive effect on economic growth of Ethiopia, whereas primary education attainment and adult mortality rate have an insignificant negative effect. On the other hand, physical capital accumulation has positively contributed the country’s economic growth, but trade openness and external debt adversely affect it. Thus, it is suggested that the policymakers should strengthen the country’s institutional capacity while increasing the number of healthy members of the labour force that should also be equipped with quality-based educational attainments. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 211-226 Issue: 2 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2022.2062652 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2022.2062652 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:2:p:211-226 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2072794_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Yasser Buchana Author-X-Name-First: Yasser Author-X-Name-Last: Buchana Author-Name: Moses M. Sithole Author-X-Name-First: Moses M. Author-X-Name-Last: Sithole Title: Towards a conceptual framework for measuring innovation in the agricultural sector in sub-Saharan developing countries Abstract: Despite the importance and benefits of measuring innovation in businesses, standard methods for innovation measurement, such as the Oslo Manual, largely exclude the agricultural sector. As a result, innovation scholars in developing countries struggle to develop knowledge to understand innovation in agricultural businesses.This paper proposes a conceptual framework to guide research on the measurement of innovation in the agricultural sector in developing countries, focusing initially on commercial agricultural businesses. The proposed framework provides an analytical reference point with detailed methodological guidelines for scholars and practitioners of innovation studies who wish to understand the complexities and dynamics of innovation in commercial agricultural businesses (including forestry and fishery businesses). A practical example, based on an empirical study that used this framework to measure innovation in South Africa’s agricultural sector, illustrates how it can be put into practice. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 272-282 Issue: 2 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2022.2072794 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2022.2072794 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:2:p:272-282 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2046249_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Opeoluwa Akinradewo Author-X-Name-First: Opeoluwa Author-X-Name-Last: Akinradewo Author-Name: Clinton Aigbavboa Author-X-Name-First: Clinton Author-X-Name-Last: Aigbavboa Author-Name: Ayodeji Oke Author-X-Name-First: Ayodeji Author-X-Name-Last: Oke Author-Name: David Edwards Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Edwards Title: A roadmap for present focus and future trends of blockchain technology in the built environment Abstract: Blockchain technology has gained attention across the globe within the last 10 years and has taken centre stage in the financial technology sector. Even though innovation that applies to the construction industry is sometimes different from what is obtainable in other sectors, they share the same unique features. Therefore, this makes blockchain technology relevant to the built environment. This study aims to assess the research studies carried out on blockchain technology in the built environment domain in a bid to draw knowledge from the present focus of these studies while identifying research gaps for future studies. To achieve this, a scientometric review was carried out, and SCOPUS database was searched for studies related to blockchain technology in the built environment. The retrieved documents showed the first publication on this study area was made in 2017. Hence, this study covered research publications from 2017 to 2021. The findings revealed that most of these studies are not experimental as they only rely on literature from other sectors to draw conclusions for the built environment. The study further revealed that most of the publications in this domain are from the USA, Australia, India and the United Kingdom with only two publications from the African continent. This shows a research gap that can be explored from the African perspective. From the cluster analysis, research in this domain has focused primarily on blockchain technology components and only a few practical fields of its application. It was thus recommended that experimental and case study research should be carried out on its application in asset management and transfer, smart city development, land use, data/information management, cyber-physical systems, among others. Practically, the study highlighted blockchain technology usefulness in promoting social and economic sustainability of the built environment through its different applicabilities. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 153-165 Issue: 2 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2022.2046249 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2022.2046249 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:2:p:153-165 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2072793_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Martins E. Irhebhude Author-X-Name-First: Martins E. Author-X-Name-Last: Irhebhude Author-Name: Adeola O. Kolawole Author-X-Name-First: Adeola O. Author-X-Name-Last: Kolawole Author-Name: Agwi C. Uche Author-X-Name-First: Agwi C. Author-X-Name-Last: Uche Author-Name: Adeleye V. Dupe Author-X-Name-First: Adeleye V. Author-X-Name-Last: Dupe Title: Perception of government employees on the use of biometric technology in determining a person’s ethnic group in Nigeria Abstract: Selected biometric technologies such as iris, face, gait, voice, etc. are widely used for the recognition of individuals. This paper presents a biometric technology perception by members of staff from government agencies in Nigeria, namely: the National Identity Management Commission and Joint Admission Matriculation Board, on the use of selected technology for ethnicity recognition. The study was conducted using the quantitative method. Data were collected from the staff of selected agencies. Fingerprint, facial, and iris biometrics were selected for this experiment. Using the modified Technology Acceptance Model framework, results from the experiment showed the perception of staff on selected technologies in ethnicity recognition. Results show that technology enhanced job effectiveness, the majority of respondents agreed that fingerprint and facial biometrics would improve ethnicity detection; hence they were a popular choice for ethnicity recognition. The study showed that determining ethnicity from iris biometric would be difficult as the majority do not see the iris as a means of identifying a particular ethnic group. Five different hypotheses were tested to determine compatibility, ease of use, and attitude towards use (ATU) of the selected technology. Results showed that selected biometrics can effectively determine an ethnic group with a significance value at 0.000. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 260-271 Issue: 2 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2022.2072793 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2022.2072793 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:2:p:260-271 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2072257_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ikechukwu Sebastine Asogwa Author-X-Name-First: Ikechukwu Sebastine Author-X-Name-Last: Asogwa Author-Name: Charles Nnamdi Anumudu Author-X-Name-First: Charles Nnamdi Author-X-Name-Last: Anumudu Title: Sustainability of energy transition on output growth and carbon emission abatement in sub-Saharan Africa Abstract: This study examined the effects of renewable energy use on the output growth convergence, as well as the impacts of renewable energy use for an alternative to carbon emission (CO2) abatement in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The dual purpose followed the Solow growth model for output and the expanded Stokey pollution model for CO2 abatement, respectively. An error correction model was used to determine output convergence while a stepwise regression model was applied to ascertain the impacts of renewable energy use on CO2 abatement. The aggregated data on carbon emission intensity, output growth, per capita emission, and population growth were collected from World Bank development indicators for the period of 1990Q1 to 2017Q4 on SSA. Empirical evidence from the study reveals that output converges in SSA at 22% adjustment speed and it is largely accounted for by renewable energy use. The abatement of CO2 using renewable energy is not significant for adoption as the solution to carbon emission mitigation in SSA. The ratio of CO2 to renewable energy use shows a wide gap range of 3.12% to 1%. Therefore, the study recommends intensive pro-renewable energy use policies to close the gap and further redress the significance of renewable energy use as a sustainable alternative to the carbon abatement policy instrument. Furthermore, the sustainability of renewable energy use for a speedy economic growth and carbon emission reduction may not be significant with the current findings on renewable energy use in SSA. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 250-259 Issue: 2 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2022.2072257 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2022.2072257 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:2:p:250-259 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2058339_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Christopher Dick-Sagoe Author-X-Name-First: Christopher Author-X-Name-Last: Dick-Sagoe Author-Name: Kwame Nkrumah Hope Author-X-Name-First: Kwame Nkrumah Author-X-Name-Last: Hope Author-Name: Peter Asare-Nuamah Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Asare-Nuamah Title: Perceived impact of climate variability and change on livelihoods of smallholder farmers in Lesotho Abstract: Lesotho is a poor country that heavily depends on rain-fed agriculture for socioeconomic growth and development. However, climate change threatens the agriculture sector, which has implications on the ability of the country to harness its development, especially among smallholder farmers, to eliminate poverty and promote sustainable development. This study therefore assesses farmers’ perceptions of climate change impact on agriculture. The study also examines adaptation strategies adopted by smallholder farmers to mitigate the impact of climate change on agriculture, household livelihoods, and food security. The study employed a survey questionnaire and sampled 200 farmers from farming villages in Lesotho. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and with the aid of Excel 2016. The result of the study shows that farmers have experienced climate variability and change, such as erratic and unpredictable rainfall patterns, severe frost/cold and intermittent drought leading to the dryness of water bodies. These experiences have affected smallholder farmers through declining crop yields, increased pest and disease attacks, and below normal yields. Farmers’ adaptation strategies employed to mitigate climate change impact included the use of indigenous technology for treating pest and disease, fruit tree planting, conservation agriculture (water and soil conservation) and rainwater harvest storage for use in dry seasons. Indeed, climate change exerts serious threat to socioeconomic development in Lesotho. Hence, programmes and interventions that improve adaptive capacity and the acquisition of best farming practices among smallholder farmers should be prioritized to tackle vulnerability. The results of the study contribute to the literature by offering interesting insights into climate change impacts on agriculture and smallholder farmers’ response strategies in Lesotho. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 175-184 Issue: 2 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2022.2058339 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2022.2058339 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:2:p:175-184 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2058338_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Martin Adane Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Adane Title: Business-driven approach to cloud computing adoption by small businesses Abstract: In the adoption of technology, there is the need for the alignment of the objectives of the business’s information technology (IT) strategy with the business strategy to ensure effectiveness and overall business performance. This study sought to investigate the effect of adoption factors on a business’s decision to use cloud computing. The study contributes methodologically through the use of interpretivism and an evidence-based approach to thematic analysis, thereby allowing the researcher to gain a deep understanding into how key stakeholders view cloud computing adoption. A theoretical contribution was also made in the form of the adoption of related issues that illustrate how the qualitative empirical data influence the concepts inherent in the cloud computing adoption model. These contributions show the need for critical adoption factors that would address the various technical and social considerations that are necessary to create conditions conducive for encouraging the adoption of cloud computing by small businesses. The study concludes with the implementation of adoption interventions such as communication and power generating infrastructure, regulatory procedures and technical education to ensure successful adoption. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 166-174 Issue: 2 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2022.2058338 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2022.2058338 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:2:p:166-174 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2069215_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Sihle D. Mhlongo Author-X-Name-First: Sihle D. Author-X-Name-Last: Mhlongo Author-Name: Mjumo Mzyece Author-X-Name-First: Mjumo Author-X-Name-Last: Mzyece Title: The business of business incubation: How stakeholders measure value and investment returns in South African fintech incubators Abstract: Business incubation is a growing phenomenon in South Africa. Using a qualitative research approach, specifically in-depth interviews with business incubator (BI) managers (CEOs, directors, executives, founders, and sponsors), this study reports on the perceived economic value of Johannesburg-based, fintech-focused BIs and the business gains achieved from the activities of BIs. Applying theory related to business incubation, this paper finds that business incubation is equally about assisting and developing start-ups and entrepreneurs as it is about the business gains that BIs extract from the process. Moreover, private sector stakeholders, particularly banks, are perceived as the primary sponsors of fintech BIs in South Africa, and they invest for various business and socio-economic reasons. Foremost among these is business diversification and compliance with South Africa's affirmative action policies, which feature prominently as the primary benefits the banking BIs gain from the process. We discuss this as the positive duality of business incubation. Finally, we suggest several managerial and policy level implications related to our findings, including the importance of strengthening triple helix partnerships and using regulatory sandboxing to facilitate fintech innovations. Overall, this study contributes to our empirical understanding of BIs in emerging economies broadly and fintech-focused BIs in South Africa in particular. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 236-249 Issue: 2 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2022.2069215 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2022.2069215 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:2:p:236-249 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1550929_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Felichesmi Selestine Lyakurwa Author-X-Name-First: Felichesmi Selestine Author-X-Name-Last: Lyakurwa Author-Name: Eliaza Mkuna Author-X-Name-First: Eliaza Author-X-Name-Last: Mkuna Title: Dominant factors for energy choice decisions by households in Tanzania: A case study of selected villages in Mvomero District Abstract: Household choice of energy sources for various social-economic activities has been associated with improved community livelihood and ecosystem quality. In this study, the multinomial probit model (MNP) was employed to establish the dominant factors for energy choice decisions by households in the five wards of Mvomero District. The results indicate the extent to which households’ use of various renewable energy sources for cooking, lighting and heating is low. Besides, the study reveals that households’ income has a significant influence on their energy choice decisions for different social-economic activities i.e. solar PV (Pvalue = 0.010), wood (Pvalue = 0.066), charcoal (Pvalue = 0.051), hydro-electricty (Pvalue = 0.066), natural gas (Pvalue = 0.014) and kerosene (Pvalue = 0.098).In addition, the benchmark of the descriptive results against the achievement of millennium development goals (MDGs), especially goals 1 and 7, indicates low achievement due to households’ lack of access to clean, reliable and affordable energy sources. Hence, the reviewed MDGs and MNP results can be used by energy policymaking instruments in the country to make informed decisions for clean energy investment needs as well as organizing households’ sensitization forums on the benefit-costs of energy sources used for various social-economic activities. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 141-148 Issue: 2 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1550929 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1550929 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:2:p:141-148 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1550931_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Samuel Olowosejeje Author-X-Name-First: Samuel Author-X-Name-Last: Olowosejeje Author-Name: Paul Leahy Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Leahy Author-Name: Alan Morrison Author-X-Name-First: Alan Author-X-Name-Last: Morrison Title: The economic cost of unreliable grid power in Nigeria Abstract: The ever-increasing demand for electrical power in Nigeria, coupled with a limited supply, have restricted the nation's socioeconomic development. The country’s policymakers, aware of this, have formulated and enacted energy development policies in recent years targeted at diversifying the current electricity mix and increasing electrification to rural settlements.Despite these efforts, electricity infrastructure projects have been sidelined, power outages are common and grid unreliability is costing industry significant amounts to secure the electricity supply necessary for business sustainability and profitability.This paper presents the current state of the electricity industry in Nigeria and argues the case for integration of renewable energy technologies. A case study is presented based on electricity cost information collected from a survey of Nigerian industry. Three future electricity supply scenarios are presented: a do-nothing or business-as-usual scenario; a scenario of increased reliance on grid power due to improvements in reliability; and a scenario involving shifting some of the current diesel on-site generation to solar photovoltaics. It is shown that increasing the utilization of renewable sources could significantly reduce the costs and CO2 emissions incurred due to the current reliance on self-generation, primarily using diesel generators, amidst grid unreliability. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 149-159 Issue: 2 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1550931 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1550931 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:2:p:149-159 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1550933_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Sharon Rudansky-Kloppers Author-X-Name-First: Sharon Author-X-Name-Last: Rudansky-Kloppers Author-Name: Kobus Van den Bergh Author-X-Name-First: Kobus Author-X-Name-Last: Van den Bergh Title: The absorption and usage of cloud accounting technology by accounting firms in Cape Town for services provided to their clients Abstract: Cloud computing is one of the latest technological innovations and offers organizations of all sizes new and unique opportunities and challenges. Many firms worldwide have, however, become used to running their businesses in the traditional way and seem to be resisting the adoption of this new technology. This study explores the adoption and usage of cloud technology by accounting firms in South Africa for the services provided to their clients. Online questionnaires were completed by 27 owners or managers of accounting firms in Cape Town and descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used to analyse the results. It emerged that significant awareness exists of cloud accounting technology by accounting firm managers and owners. Smaller firms seem to be more positive toward the technology and also more agile and capable of deploying it than medium-large firms. The medium-large firms could be classified as the late majority and laggards on the technology adoption curve while smaller firms could be classified as innovators, early adopters and the early majority. Marketers of cloud accounting products need to consider the firm’s size, as well as the industrial decision-making process and perceived risk involved when designing their marketing campaigns. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 161-180 Issue: 2 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1550933 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1550933 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:2:p:161-180 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1550934_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Shepherd Muchuru Author-X-Name-First: Shepherd Author-X-Name-Last: Muchuru Author-Name: Godwell Nhamo Author-X-Name-First: Godwell Author-X-Name-Last: Nhamo Title: Sustaining African water resources under climate change: Emerging adaptation measures from UNFCCC national communications Abstract: The changing climate is expected to affect the demand for and availability of water resources. The African continent is known to be water scarce with highly temporal and spatially variable rainfall. This paper explores climate-induced challenges faced in the water sector and recommends sustainable adaptation options emerging from 21 African countries. This paper combines a literature review and grounded theory approaches with data obtained from the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) second and third National Communication reports. Among key adaptation measures that are emerging are sustainable management of water resources, water conservation and putting in place appropriate policies. The study concludes that there should be a shift towards a more balanced and integrated approach on water management through the implementation of adaptation measures. The findings highlight the need for policy approaches that use adaptive management approaches in water resources management including scaling up rainwater harvesting; water efficiency across all sectors of the economy, especially agriculture; desalination and groundwater recharging. Such should be the new approaches for the future. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 181-196 Issue: 2 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1550934 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1550934 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:2:p:181-196 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1551754_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Yu-Ting Hung-Joubert Author-X-Name-First: Yu-Ting Author-X-Name-Last: Hung-Joubert Author-Name: Cindy Erdis Author-X-Name-First: Cindy Author-X-Name-Last: Erdis Title: Influence of retailers’ website system quality factors on online shopping in South Africa Abstract: Online shopping, which has grown significantly over the years, has become a popular form of shopping. To succeed, it is important that online retailers ensure that their shopping websites function well and adhere to all aspects of system quality. The purpose of this research was to explore the influence of website system quality factors on online shopping in South Africa. Convenience sampling was used to gather the responses of 123 consumers who shop online, using self-administered internet-based surveys. The research found that almost half of the respondents (45.5%) shop online at least once a month, and that all system quality factors influence their online shopping. The study further found that shopping websites that provide a safe shopping environment, ensure the authenticity of products or services and have a fast response time were the most important factors influencing respondents. Given the influence of system quality factors on online shopping, the research aimed to provide recommendations on how South African retailers can deal with such factors when developing websites. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 211-221 Issue: 2 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1551754 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1551754 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:2:p:211-221 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1551755_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mohamed Ibrahim Nor Author-X-Name-First: Mohamed Ibrahim Author-X-Name-Last: Nor Author-Name: Tajul Ariffin Masron Author-X-Name-First: Tajul Ariffin Author-X-Name-Last: Masron Title: Investigating the informal mode of financing utilized for construction financing in Somalia: Some evidence Abstract: Intermediation is the main objective of any financial industry. While financing services are provided by formal financial institutions in the advanced world, financing services are provided differently in emerging economies. Hence, various alternative modes of financing are used in these countries. The motivation behind this study is to investigate the informal mode of financing employed for construction financing in Somalia. While utilizing time-value of money, this study found that financier-tenants do not consider time in their decision-making. Finally, this study argues that this informal mode of financing is more advantageous to landlords. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 223-233 Issue: 2 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1551755 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1551755 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:2:p:223-233 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1551832_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Obaka Abel Inabo Author-X-Name-First: Obaka Abel Author-X-Name-Last: Inabo Author-Name: Noman Arshed Author-X-Name-First: Noman Author-X-Name-Last: Arshed Title: Impact of health, water and sanitation as key drivers of economic progress in Nigeria Abstract: This study examined the role of quality of health, water and sanitation as key drivers of economic progress, with a focus on Nigeria from 1990 to 2015. The indicators considered were economic progress (GDP per capita), health (infant mortality rate), access to water and sanitation. The ex-post facto research design was used in this study. Also, the Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) estimation method was chosen. Empirical findings show that there is a long-run relationship where the quality of health, water and sanitation has a positive effect on economic progress. The results indicate that access to water, sanitation and better health boosts the economic progress of Nigeria. It can be said that these facilities complement labour productivity. While comparing the policy options tested in this study, the improvement of the sanitation facilities has the highest marginal impact in fostering growth in Nigeria. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 235-242 Issue: 2 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1551832 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1551832 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:2:p:235-242 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1552649_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: David Adeyeye Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Adeyeye Author-Name: Abiodun Egbetokun Author-X-Name-First: Abiodun Author-X-Name-Last: Egbetokun Author-Name: Omolayo Oluwatope Author-X-Name-First: Omolayo Author-X-Name-Last: Oluwatope Author-Name: Maruf Sanni Author-X-Name-First: Maruf Author-X-Name-Last: Sanni Title: The determinants and complementarity of organizational innovation practices among Nigerian manufacturing and service firms Abstract: This paper gives an overview of organizational innovation practices within the context of a developing country, Nigeria. Using innovation survey data from 2008 and 2011, the paper provides an analysis of the complementarity or otherwise of organizational innovation practices used by manufacturing and service firms in the country. The consistent co-occurrence of different organizational innovation practices suggests that they are complements rather than substitutes. Results of our multivariate probit analysis show a clear pattern in the manufacturing sector, with complementarity between all the organizational innovation practices. There are however marked differences between the manufacturing and service sectors, suggesting that innovation policies should be sector-specific. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 243-251 Issue: 2 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1552649 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1552649 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:2:p:243-251 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1552650_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Tarisai Kudakwashe Manyati Author-X-Name-First: Tarisai Kudakwashe Author-X-Name-Last: Manyati Author-Name: Morgen Mutsau Author-X-Name-First: Morgen Author-X-Name-Last: Mutsau Title: Exploring technological adaptation in the informal economy: A case study of innovations in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Zimbabwe Abstract: Little attention has been given to the processes and factors that facilitate technological adaptation by informal innovators operating in small and medium enterprises in Zimbabwe. This article sought to establish how and why technological adaptation occurs in the informal economy. We conducted observations and 20 in-depth interviews with purposively sampled informal innovators who operate at Mbare Siya So in Harare, Zimbabwe. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the primary data. The findings indicate that the production and marketing techniques of informal innovators are inspired by the need to reduce the cost of agricultural technologies, such as dehullers, and thus meet the purchasing capabilities of small-scale farmers. These informal innovators rely on secrecy and complex innovations as knowledge-management strategies to protect their intellectual property and in the process are able to ward off competition on the local market. Through constant learning and experience these informal innovators have managed to correct the unsuitability of imported Chinese products by manufacturing appropriate agricultural technology that small-scale rural farmers prefer. This study recommends that the informal innovators should register patents to protect their innovations formally. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 253-259 Issue: 2 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1552650 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1552650 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:2:p:253-259 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1556455_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Vincent O. Adimula Author-X-Name-First: Vincent O. Author-X-Name-Last: Adimula Author-Name: Percy C. Onianwa Author-X-Name-First: Percy C. Author-X-Name-Last: Onianwa Author-Name: Omolola Ilupeju Author-X-Name-First: Omolola Author-X-Name-Last: Ilupeju Author-Name: Eric Ayom Author-X-Name-First: Eric Author-X-Name-Last: Ayom Author-Name: Alafara A. Baba Author-X-Name-First: Alafara A. Author-X-Name-Last: Baba Title: Assessment of heavy metals in foods and adult dietary intake estimates Abstract: Levels of some heavy metals were investigated in 114 snack samples consumed in Ibadan city, Nigeria. The concentrations of the selected metals were observed to range widely in the sampled food snacks: cadmium (0.004 to 0.892 mg/kg), cobalt (0.090 to 0.797 mg/kg), chromium (0.015 to 0.702 mg/kg), copper (0.077 to 07.548 mg/kg), iron (0.070 to 65.11 mg/kg), nickel (0.165 to 3.327 mg/kg), lead (0.069 to 1.207 mg/kg), and zinc (0.015 to 94.382 mg/kg). Mean concentrations of the selected heavy metals were found to range from 0.179 mg/kg (observed for cadmium) to 21.632 mg/kg (observed for iron) among the snacks, with iron having the highest level observed in bean cake (62.397 ± 20.10 mg/kg). The levels of the selected heavy metals in the foods were comparable with data reported in studies carried out in other countries. The daily dietary intake of the selected metals for the adult population was observed to differ in the income groups, with the highest intakes observed in the low-income group. For example, dietary intakes of cadmium observed to be 0.080 mg/person/day for the low income group, 0.061 mg/person/day for the middle income group, and 0.040 mg/person/day for the high income group were higher than the range (0.01 to 0.02 mg/person/day) specified by the European Commission (1996). Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 261-268 Issue: 2 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1556455 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1556455 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:2:p:261-268 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1532629_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Lucas F.V. Ribeiro Author-X-Name-First: Lucas F.V. Author-X-Name-Last: Ribeiro Author-Name: Dena W. McMartin Author-X-Name-First: Dena W. Author-X-Name-Last: McMartin Title: A methodological framework for sustainable development with vulnerable communities Abstract: The Smart Community Development Framework (SCDF) is a methodological framework that selectively identifies and optimizes sustainable development approaches such as permaculture, sustainable livelihood approaches, community-based social marketing, environmental impact assessments and project management to effectively design and introduce clean social technologies for and with vulnerable communities. The framework was created and evaluated with the goal of ensuring community-empowered decision-making that will result in permanent and sustainable improvements to community design, infrastructure, and technology. The SCDF model is a workflow model that supports communities in establishing their vulnerability level and identifying problems; selecting targeted actions; determining resource availability and major obstacles; optimizing specific appropriate technologies and social programmes to address problems; assessing environment impact and implementation; analyzing empowerment; and developing power transfer guidelines. Local leaders, engineers, project managers and policymakers can use the SCDF model to collaborate in the formulation of effective action plans worldwide. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 133-139 Issue: 2 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1532629 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1532629 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:2:p:133-139 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1355601_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Berhanu F. Alemaw Author-X-Name-First: Berhanu F. Author-X-Name-Last: Alemaw Author-Name: Nako M. Sebusang Author-X-Name-First: Nako M. Author-X-Name-Last: Sebusang Title: Climate change and adaptation-induced engineering design and innovations in water development projects in Africa Abstract: In this paper, a framework for best practice for incorporating climate change and adaption in Africa is presented from mainly the water resources design and management perspectives to chart systematically ways of incorporating climate change in engineering design of water development projects. This will enable engineers to address the challenges of Africa’s vulnerability to climate change and variability which has direct impacts on water availability, access and use which is the source of food and livelihood security for millions of the continent’s population. Climate change and variability is projected to affect the hydrological cycle, which, in turn, may alter the balance between water availability leading to uncertainty as to the onset of rainy seasons, dry spells, and more frequent extreme weather events, such as droughts and floods. Using case studies, the authors outline adaptation strategies to be adopted using an integrated approach in the consideration of climate change in engineering design and management of water resources systems that also link to operational aspects of water development projects. The paper also provides a set of suggested best practices in engineering design and innovative approaches to water development involving operation and management of dams and catchments in the face of climate change and variability. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 197-209 Issue: 2 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1355601 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1355601 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:2:p:197-209 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1799301_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ibukun James Olaoye Author-X-Name-First: Ibukun James Author-X-Name-Last: Olaoye Author-Name: Morolake Bolaji Author-X-Name-First: Morolake Author-X-Name-Last: Bolaji Author-Name: Adeola Oreoluwa Oloyede Author-X-Name-First: Adeola Oreoluwa Author-X-Name-Last: Oloyede Title: Adoption of innovation technology in the face of efficient energy use: A case of improved biomass stoves in Kwara State, Nigeria Abstract: Given that locally developed innovation technology can foster sustainable growth and development, this study assessed the factors that underpinned the choice of improved biomass stoves among rural households in Kwara South, Nigeria. The study involved the use of primary and secondary data sources. The primary data were collected with the use of a well-structured questionnaire. A three-stage random sampling technique was used for the selection of one hundred and fifty (150) household respondents which represent the sample size used in this study. The secondary data were collected from FAO Forestry Department report. Descriptive statistic and a five-point Likert type scale were used for the data analysis. The results revealed that easiness to purchase fuel and the ability of the fuel to cook quickly were the major factors underlying the choice of cooking stove and fuel used among rural households in the study area. The result also revealed that the clay charcoal stove consumed 17.86MJ/meal while clay lining metal charcoal stove and the local metal charcoal stove consumed 22.48MJ and 36.96MJ per meal, respectively. Improving access to and cost implications of the biomass fuel and stove can enhance the adoption of improved biomass stoves and this will help in sustainable use of biomass energy resources. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1-11 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1799301 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1799301 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:1:p:1-11 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1837446_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Bianca Ifeoma Chigbu Author-X-Name-First: Bianca Ifeoma Author-X-Name-Last: Chigbu Author-Name: Fhulu Hastings Nekhwevha Author-X-Name-First: Fhulu Hastings Author-X-Name-Last: Nekhwevha Title: The collaborative work experience of robotics and human workers in the automobile industry in South Africa Abstract: Through the lens of the evolutionary economic theory, this study aimed to investigate what drives the implementation of technologies in the South African automobile industry and to understand the experiences employees have had with the introduction of technologies to the sector with regard to work collaboration, safety, and job satisfaction. Using a qualitative methodology, data were collected through a semi-structured in-depth interview, which induced its information from three automotive companies with a total of 30 participants that were purposively chosen as the sample size. Findings revealed that robots and human employees work efficiently together in the automobile sector. In an attempt to minimize product imperfection due to human inconsistencies and to increase productivity, the automobile industry will adopt more technologies to meet the needs of its customers. Findings further revealed that the human-robot collaborative work experiences are negatively impacting on the job satisfaction and confidence of autoworkers and resulting in underutilized skills of the autoworkers. The recommendation is that it will be best to pair robots with human employees in ways that autoworkers’ job satisfaction and job security are not constrained. This research contributes to the ongoing study of human-machine collaborative work in the global manufacturing industry and, for the most part, to the study of labour processes and technical advances in the automotive industry worldwide. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 280-287 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1837446 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1837446 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:1:p:280-287 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1824324_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Tageldeen S. Ibrahim Author-X-Name-First: Tageldeen S. Author-X-Name-Last: Ibrahim Author-Name: Tilahun S. Workneh Author-X-Name-First: Tilahun S. Author-X-Name-Last: Workneh Title: Identification of technical factors that influence sugar productivity of factories in Sudan Abstract: This study was conducted to identify the factors influencing the productivity of the sugar industry in Sudan. The study involved collecting data from selected sugar mill databases, namely, the Kenana, Guneid, Halfa, Sinnar, Assalaya and White-Nile sugar mills. The data were analyzed by using the regression analysis technique, and the intensity relation matrix analysis technique was used to determine the most influential factors contributing to the problem of declining productivity. The results showed that the main factor was the decline in sugarcane yield. This was attributed to the lack of agricultural input and improper land preparation. The yield was influenced by the soil salinity and the cultivation of only one sugarcane variety (i.e. CO 6806) over the past thirty years. The mills have depreciated because of the worn-out equipment and the failure to carry out proper maintenance, which has contributed to decreased efficiency of between 75% and 80% for five sugar mills. The sugar industry in Sudan requires a well-structured plan that will optimize the application of agricultural inputs, to increase sugarcane productivity. This study provides a framework for the decision-makers in the industry, which aims to retrieve the productivity of sugarcane and sugar by adopting new technologies in the country. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 234-246 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1824324 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1824324 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:1:p:234-246 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1835176_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Bongiwe Mncwango Author-X-Name-First: Bongiwe Author-X-Name-Last: Mncwango Author-Name: Samuel Fongwa Author-X-Name-First: Samuel Author-X-Name-Last: Fongwa Title: Strengthening intermediaries in the National System of Innovation (NSI): Case of the South African Council for Natural Scientific Professions Abstract: This paper uses the National System of Innovation (NSI) framework to interrogate the role of professional organizations as intermediaries within the South African NSI. Using the case of the South African Council for Natural Scientific Professions (SACNASP), we explore the role of natural scientists within the country’s NSI ecosystem. Employing a survey of all natural science Voluntary Associations (VAs) affiliated with SACNASP, we highlight some successes that support the NSI, as well as current challenges and implications for the NSI. The study shows that while much has been achieved in skills development, more could be done to bolster the impact of SACNASP in the NSI. Findings suggest that collaborations and partnerships are distorted, with weak industry engagement. Ultimately, this paper argues for better governance and more effective engagement within VAs in order to address challenges of funding, skills development, knowledge production, and application. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 12-21 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1835176 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1835176 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:1:p:12-21 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1821441_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Abeeb Babatunde Omotoso Author-X-Name-First: Abeeb Babatunde Author-X-Name-Last: Omotoso Author-Name: Saidat Adebola Daud Author-X-Name-First: Saidat Adebola Author-X-Name-Last: Daud Author-Name: Luke Okojie Author-X-Name-First: Luke Author-X-Name-Last: Okojie Author-Name: Abiodun Olusola Omotayo Author-X-Name-First: Abiodun Olusola Author-X-Name-Last: Omotayo Title: Rural infrastructure and production efficiency of food crop farmers: Implication for rural development in Nigeria Abstract: This study investigated the impact of rural infrastructure on production efficiency of food crop rural farmers in Ogun State, Nigeria. A total of 160 farming households from 20 communities in Abeokuta and Ilaro in Ogun State Agricultural Development Programme (OGADEP) were randomly selected. Descriptive statistics, budgeting, Infrastructure Index Estimation (IIE) and Stochastic Production Frontier (SPF) were used to analyze the collected data. Results revealed that rural dwellers’ major economic and livelihood activities were farming (51.9%), trading (26.3%) and food processing (19.4%). The budgeting analysis showed that food crop production was more profitable in developed areas than in less-developed areas with Net Farm Income (NFI) of $328.900 (₦119,402.90/hectare) and $179.496 (₦65,163.68/hectare), respectively. SPF showed that total land cultivated (p<0.05), family labour (p<0.01), hired labour (p<0.05) as well as cost of planting inputs (p<0.01) significantly influenced food crop output. It was concluded that farm size, labour and cost of planting materials were the major factors affecting food crop output, irrespective of the presence of infrastructural facilities or not in the study area. The research recommends that all-inclusive rural infrastructural development policies should be formulated towards efficient food crop production in Nigeria. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 197-203 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1821441 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1821441 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:1:p:197-203 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1821948_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Nathan Kanuma Taremwa Author-X-Name-First: Nathan Kanuma Author-X-Name-Last: Taremwa Author-Name: Marie-Christine Gasingirwa Author-X-Name-First: Marie-Christine Author-X-Name-Last: Gasingirwa Author-Name: Donat Nsabimana Author-X-Name-First: Donat Author-X-Name-Last: Nsabimana Title: Unleashing traditional ecological knowledge for biodiversity conservation and resilience to climate change in Rwanda Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess how traditional ecological knowledge systems can be leveraged to achieve biodiversity conservation and build resilience to climate change. A sequential mixed methods approach was used to study 379 local people residing around the Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda. Rusizi district was purposively sampled and as well as three sectors in it, within which random sampling was used to sample the villages, in which households were sampled conveniently and the locals purposively. Structured interviews and focus group discussions were used to collect data. Quantitative data collected were analyzed in SPSS 25 and the qualitative data thematically analyzed. The results indicate that all biodiversity conservation principles were practised by 71% (n = 270) of the local people. The widest spread species in Nyungwe National Park are trees (n = 219, 57.8%). However, bush burning is practised outside the park (n = 328, 86.5%). Controlled tree cutting (adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 1.167, CI = 1.007–2.032), and awareness of biodiversity and practice measures that usually avoid harm to biodiversity (AOR = 1.610, CI = 1.029–2.519), are protective of biodiversity conservation. Biodiversity conservation is not universal among locals residing around Nyungwe National Park; only 7 in 10 of them are conservation-oriented. Knowledge about forest conservation and controlled bush-burning practices are most the most protective of conservation. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 204-215 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1821948 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1821948 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:1:p:204-215 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1802843_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Stephen Kyakulumbye Author-X-Name-First: Stephen Author-X-Name-Last: Kyakulumbye Author-Name: Shaun Pather Author-X-Name-First: Shaun Author-X-Name-Last: Pather Title: Understanding ICT adoption amongst SMEs in Uganda: Towards a participatory design model to enhance technology diffusion Abstract: Policy statements by the United Nations, the African Union and most African countries boldly pronounce on the anticipated benefits of the internetworked world and associated ICT to society in general and to the world of business specifically. In terms of the latter, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are recognized as being critical to the growth of developing economies. There is consensus that this sector has considerable potential for improved business outcomes through the harnessing of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). However, a problem of low adoption of ICT in this sector still prevails in Africa and there is a gap in our understanding of the reasons for this. In light of this problem, this paper reports on a survey of Ugandan SME owners in which their ICT pre-usage beliefs and attitudes are explored. The study identified four pre-use factors that are correlated with ICT use. The pre-usage beliefs which significantly influence decisions to adopt and use ICT include Benefit expectation, ICT learnability, User-confidence, and User-friendliness. These are found to be key determinants of ICT adoption. ICT support and ease-of-use on the other hand were factors that did not correlate with decisions to use ICT. However, it is found that there is a low predictive capability (17.7%) of pre-usage beliefs and attitudes in respect of prior use or non-use of ICT among SMEs. As such, this study found that other contextual factors constitute a greater (82.3%) predictive percentage. In light of this, the paper concludes by recommending an ICT participatory design process to mitigate ICT pre-use scepticism among SMEs owners. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 49-60 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1802843 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1802843 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:1:p:49-60 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1818374_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Sadiki Lameck Kusyama Author-X-Name-First: Sadiki Lameck Author-X-Name-Last: Kusyama Author-Name: Dina Machuve Author-X-Name-First: Dina Author-X-Name-Last: Machuve Author-Name: Michael Kisangiri Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Kisangiri Author-Name: Abswaid Mfanga Author-X-Name-First: Abswaid Author-X-Name-Last: Mfanga Title: Analysis of effectiveness of channels for information gathering and dissemination: Case of fisheries stakeholders in Mwanza and Mara regions of Tanzania Abstract: The fisheries sub-sector in Tanzania is challenged with limited use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for information gathering and dissemination. Fishers obtain fisheries information from extension officers and their fellow fishers through mainly word of mouth in physical meetings. Despite the growth in access and availability of ICT channels on Mobile phones and Internet in recent years, the fisheries sub-sector decision-makers mainly use conventional media (radio, television, personal communications) in gathering and disseminating fisheries information. Understanding the characteristics of communication channels and their effectiveness in fisheries information gathering and dissemination is of great importance. A comprehensive comparison of the six ICT channels (short message services, cellular phone call, television, radio, mobile application, and website) was done in this study using effectiveness probability. The findings from this study indicated that, short message service (SMS) and cellular phone calls are most effective for fishers. Mobile application, cellular phone calls, websites, and SMS are effective for fish traders and fisheries officers. However, the cellular phone call was not cost-effective compared to mobile applications and websites. This study recommends the development of multi-channel (SMS, web-based, and mobile application) fisheries information system to enhance fisheries information gathering and dissemination process to meet realistic information needs of all fisheries stakeholders. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 173-178 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1818374 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1818374 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:1:p:173-178 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1811928_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ebenezer Owusu-Sekyere Author-X-Name-First: Ebenezer Author-X-Name-Last: Owusu-Sekyere Title: Altered urban landscape: Shedding light on conflicts in a landfill community in Ghana Abstract: The challenge of solid waste management has been subjected to a variety of reactions and interpretations: strange mixtures of neglect and misconceptions of what could be the way forward. Over the years, Ghanaian authorities have problematized issues of waste management to collection and transportation and have shied away from formulating policies that can limit conflicts in waste sink communities. This article examines how a landfill infrastructure in Kumasi has engendered conflicts. Triggers of the conflicts and key actors involved are examined using data generated from a questionnaire survey of 160 households obtained through the quadrant method. The results show that three actors are involved in the conflicts: the chiefs and residents on one side and municipal authorities on the other. While the chiefs accuse municipal authorities of illegally acquiring the landfill site and of non-compensation payment, concerns of community members are their alienation from site management as enjoined by law. They also argue that the facility has degraded the environment and divested the local economy. The paper concludes that context and situation are significant for how, where and to what degree solid waste is disposed. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 76-85 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1811928 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1811928 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:1:p:76-85 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1823610_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Malika Sehar Author-X-Name-First: Malika Author-X-Name-Last: Sehar Author-Name: Abayomi Samuel Oyekale Author-X-Name-First: Abayomi Samuel Author-X-Name-Last: Oyekale Title: Effect of livestock farmers’ access to formal markets on marketing inefficiency in Mpumalanga province, South Africa Abstract: Livestock production is the primary source of livelihood for most farmers in Mpumalanga province. Small-scale farmers in the province are facing many challenges in the course of marketing livestock. These challenges have also hindered their efforts at improving their livelihood and economic well-being. This paper analyzed the effect of market access on marketing inefficiency in Mpumalanga with a view to developing some policy recommendations. Structured questionnaires were administered to 300 livestock farmers that were selected using stratified random sampling. The data were analyzed with two-stage least square regression. The results showed that marketing inefficiency was significantly influenced by market access, livestock composition and access to good roads. It was concluded that in order to reduce marketing inefficiency, it is paramount to improve the rural road network. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 225-233 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1823610 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1823610 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:1:p:225-233 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1817261_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Haile Tewele Berhe Author-X-Name-First: Haile Tewele Author-X-Name-Last: Berhe Title: Households’ nonfarm livelihood participation and agricultural inputs investment: Evidence from northern Ethiopia Abstract: Evidence shows that nonfarm livelihood activities are an important source of income for rural households and they may interact with farm activities in different ways. This article attempts to examine the investment linkage in which evidence is scarce in the study area. Also the paper examines the determinants of households’ nonfarm employment participation. The study uses household level data collected from 455 randomly selected rural families in Tigray, northern Ethiopia. Findings from the logit regression indicate that livestock holding, access to credit and male-headed households significantly increase nonfarm employment participation. Conversely, the possibility of nonfarm employment participation decreases with age, number of children, access to irrigation and remittance. Moreover, the propensity score matching estimates and auxiliary estimates using tobit and ordinary least square (OLS) consistently indicate nonfarm employment significantly decreases agricultural inputs investment. Similarly, participation in nonfarm activities significantly lowers investment in crop inputs. Further, findings from this study indicate that nonfarm livelihood activities may help in reducing rural poverty. Moreover, the study suggests that policies targeting enhancement of agricultural inputs investment should look at other options rather than relying on income generating nonfarm activities to increase agricultural inputs investment. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 147-162 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1817261 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1817261 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:1:p:147-162 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1821947_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Henok Marie Shiferaw Author-X-Name-First: Henok Marie Author-X-Name-Last: Shiferaw Title: Evaluating practical teaching approach in civil engineering training among public universities of Ethiopia: students’ view and opinion Abstract: This study presents civil engineering students’ observations on the practical education they receive at public universities in Ethiopia. The teaching approach in Ethiopia heavily favours theory-based teaching over skills-based teaching and there has been a gap in studies addressing the issue. Final year civil engineering students from two major public universities in Ethiopia participated in the study. A standard questionnaire was used to collect data. Descriptive statistical analysis and statistical tests were carried out using SPSS to study distribution and relationship of items. Results indicated that there is a gap in the practical teaching approach at both universities, contrary to curriculum requirements and international guidelines. In addition, statistical tests indicated that theory-based teaching had decreased students’ interest in civil engineering and their satisfaction in the education they received. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 216-224 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1821947 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1821947 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:1:p:216-224 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1799537_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Romanus Osabohien Author-X-Name-First: Romanus Author-X-Name-Last: Osabohien Author-Name: Anita Mordi Author-X-Name-First: Anita Author-X-Name-Last: Mordi Author-Name: Adeyemi Ogundipe Author-X-Name-First: Adeyemi Author-X-Name-Last: Ogundipe Title: Access to credit and agricultural sector performance in Nigeria Abstract: This study examined how agricultural sector performance will be enhanced in Nigeria through access to credit. The study engaged a time series data sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin and the World Development Indicators (WDI) of the World Bank for the period 198–2018. The Autoregressive Distribution Lag (ARDL) method was used in the analysis. Results showed that agricultural credit proxied by agricultural credit guarantee scheme fund (ACGSF) and commercial bank credit to agriculture significantly increased agricultural performance by 10.30% and 17.05% respectively. Also, other explanatory variables included in the model (arable land and agricultural employment) tend to increase agricultural performance by 65.51% and 12.40% respectively. Based on findings, the study recommended that farmers should be provided with sufficient access to credit which will enhance their ability to purchase agricultural inputs required to increase productivity. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 247-255 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1799537 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1799537 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:1:p:247-255 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1812977_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Tiko Iyamu Author-X-Name-First: Tiko Author-X-Name-Last: Iyamu Title: Creating a technical architecture framework for m-voting application Abstract: South Africa’s general election of 2019 posed many challenges, some of which threatened the credibility of its result, and the entire election process. Some of the challenges were multiple voting, many hours of queuing, which led to fatigue, and a significant decline in the number of voters owing to the limited timeframe. These factors heighten the need for m-voting as an alternative or complementary method of voting in the country. Owing to similar challenges, many studies have been conducted, which consequently focused on development and strengthening of security features of e-voting and m-voting applications. However, many countries, including South Africa are not deploying the applications because of their complex nature, such as not being able to trace and track its components. The complexity is attributed to the lack of an architecture framework. This paper presents a technical architecture framework, to support and guide the development and implementation of m-voting applications, to possibly eradicate complexity and enhance the electoral process in South Africa. The outcome of this study was based on findings from analysis of existing materials and semi-structured interviews, in which the hermeneutics approach was employed. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 86-93 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1812977 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1812977 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:1:p:86-93 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1817262_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Murimo Bethel Mutanga Author-X-Name-First: Murimo Bethel Author-X-Name-Last: Mutanga Author-Name: Abdultaofeek Abayomi Author-X-Name-First: Abdultaofeek Author-X-Name-Last: Abayomi Title: Tweeting on COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa: LDA-based topic modelling approach Abstract: The advent of COVID-19 has disrupted all facets of human lives. As of September 2020, there is no effective viral therapy for the disease, thus necessitating research efforts toward providing solutions to the diverse areas where the pandemic has wreaked havoc. As a way of reducing the spread of the disease, the South African government declared COVID-19 a national disaster and implemented nationwide lockdowns with several regulations. Nevertheless, the success of such synergized efforts primarily depends on the people’s attitudes and perceptions toward the multifaceted management of the pandemic. Therefore, this current study aims to discover what topical issues relating to the pandemic are being discussed by the populace and what impacts these issues have on compliance with regulations, including how they can aid in the implementation of the measures put in place by the government, as we analyze discussions relating to COVID-19 using data harvested from Twitter – social media and opinion mining platform. The Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) algorithm was applied for the extraction of noteworthy topics. From the experiments conducted, it was observed that alcohol sale and consumption, staying home, daily statistics tracing, police brutality, 5G and vaccines conspiracy theories were among the topics discussed and around which attitudes and perceptions were formed by the citizens. The findings also revealed people’s resistance to measures that affect their economic activities, and their unwillingness to take tests or vaccines as a result of fake news and conspiracy theories. These findings can assist the government and policymakers in redirecting their efforts by addressing the citizens’ concerns and reactions to the instituted measures toward an anticipated overall success. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 163-172 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1817262 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1817262 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:1:p:163-172 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1819682_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Toga Mapangisana Author-X-Name-First: Toga Author-X-Name-Last: Mapangisana Author-Name: Paul Mapfumo Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Mapfumo Author-Name: Shephard Siziba Author-X-Name-First: Shephard Author-X-Name-Last: Siziba Author-Name: Florence Mtambanengwe Author-X-Name-First: Florence Author-X-Name-Last: Mtambanengwe Title: An analysis of factors affecting the speed of establishment of field-based farmer learning alliances: A case of Farmer Learning Centres (FLCs) in southern Zimbabwe Abstract: Farmer learning alliances are an important vehicle for information dissemination and co-innovation among smallholder communities in southern Africa. However, the process of establishing functional farmer learning alliances tends to be uneven, slow, and costly for many development agents. This study explored factors that can be used to account for the unevenness in the speed of establishment of Farmer Learning Centres (FLCs). Twenty FLCs were initiated in Beitbridge District, southern Zimbabwe, and monitored over two years. Three categories of FLCs were observed in terms of time taken to reach maturity and full functionality: Slow, Medium, and Fast. Discriminant analysis was used to identify significant discriminatory factors among the three FLC categories. Results indicated that the number of meetings attended, the main source of livelihoods, age, sex, marital status, and years of formal education of the household head, and support from local leaders, differentially accounted for the speed of FLC establishment. The study recommends that learning alliances should be introduced through extension and local leaders as they are key information disseminators and custodians of local resources, and enterprise-specific training should be done to encourage full commitment to learning alliances to foster quicker establishment. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 187-196 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1819682 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1819682 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:1:p:187-196 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1819117_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ayodeji Emmanuel Oke Author-X-Name-First: Ayodeji Emmanuel Author-X-Name-Last: Oke Author-Name: Victor Adetunji Arowoiya Author-X-Name-First: Victor Adetunji Author-X-Name-Last: Arowoiya Author-Name: Olumide Temitope Akomolafe Author-X-Name-First: Olumide Temitope Author-X-Name-Last: Akomolafe Title: An empirical study on challenges to the adoption of the Internet of Things in the Nigerian construction industry Abstract: Internet of Things is a model in which computing and networking abilities are inserted into any sort of possible object. These abilities are utilized to inquire about the condition of the object and to change its state if feasible. This study assessed the challenges faced in the adoption of the Internet of Things in the construction industry in Nigeria, with the view of increasing the awareness and usage level for the benefits of stakeholders in the industry. The quantitative research method was adopted for this study and the adopted questionnaire was structured on a five-point Likert scale to elicit the opinion of respondents on the challenges of the application of the Internet of Things in the Nigerian construction industry. The respondents included builders, quantity surveyors, land surveyors, architects and engineers in the study area. Mean item score, pie chart, bar chart, percentiles, ANOVA and post-hoc test were used in analyzing the retrieved data. The results show that power supply, cost, limited consumer demand, and challenges in online security and data volume are the major challenges that are faced by construction stakeholders in the adoption of the Internet of Things in the industry. The study concludes that most professionals are aware of and have knowledge of the Internet of Things but the principles are not effectively utilized because of the constraints listed above; in addition, some organizations think the Internet of Things is not necessary. It is therefore recommended that the government should help in promoting and motivating the construction industry by regulating and subsidizing the cost of supply of IoT materials. This will improve the standard of living of people and thereby increase the country’s economy through enhanced productivity and performance in the construction industry. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 179-186 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1819117 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1819117 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:1:p:179-186 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1835177_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Yusuf Opeyemi Akinwale Author-X-Name-First: Yusuf Opeyemi Author-X-Name-Last: Akinwale Author-Name: Adam Konto Kyari Author-X-Name-First: Adam Konto Author-X-Name-Last: Kyari Title: Factors influencing attitudes and intention to adopt financial technology services among the end-users in Lagos State, Nigeria Abstract: Financial technology (Fintech) innovation has brought a dynamic change to the financial sector as new products and services are offered by conventional banks and other companies offering banking services through various online platforms. The attitudes of the end-users tend to play a great role in the adoption of any technology. This paper investigated the factors influencing the attitudes and intention of the end-users towards using Fintech services within the purview of an expanded technology acceptance model (TAM). The study was conducted on 467 end-users in Lagos State, Nigeria, using structural equation model analysis. The results revealed that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, service trust and social influence have positive and significant impact on users’ attitude towards Fintech service with path weights of 0.55, 0.63, 0.27 and 0.41, respectively, at 1% level of significance. In addition to this, users’ attitude towards Fintech services is positively significant in influencing the adoption of Fintech service with path weight of 0.85 at 1% level of significance. The study suggests that more investment is made in Fintech innovations and that banks sensitize the general public using social media, TV and radio stations. Further, proper regulatory measures by the relevant regulatory agency must be implemented to instil confidence and trust in the end-users. This would boost the level of adoption of Fintech among the end-users in Nigeria. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 272-279 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1835177 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1835177 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:1:p:272-279 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1804117_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Sospeter J. Charles Author-X-Name-First: Sospeter J. Author-X-Name-Last: Charles Author-Name: Amon Z. Mattee Author-X-Name-First: Amon Z. Author-X-Name-Last: Mattee Author-Name: Catherine P. Msuya-Bengesi Author-X-Name-First: Catherine P. Author-X-Name-Last: Msuya-Bengesi Title: Interactions among actors in improved rice varieties innovation system in the Eastern Zone of Tanzania Abstract: The concept of IS has gained importance in understanding the interactions among actors as determinants of innovation. Determinants of innovation are not viewed individually but within the context of a complex IS involving many actors and interactions. Therefore, this study examined the interactions among actors in the IRVIS in the Eastern Zone of Tanzania. Structured interviews, focus group discussion and documentary review methods were used in data collection. Both content and social network analysis were used to depict the different actors’ interactions in the IRVIS. The findings show that the intensity of actors’ interactions ranged from weak to medium. IRVIS is thus characterized by asymmetric power relationship among actors causing asymmetric knowledge and information flow. TARI, MATI, policymakers and DCs were important and influential over other actors; hence they largely control the knowledge flow of IRVs. The FIs, traders and millers had the least influence with weak interactions, and hence played peripheral roles. Farmers were the most prominent, but had the least influence on other actors. The study recommends that more effort be made to strengthen actors’ interactions in the IRVIS for an increase of knowledge and information sharing among actors, so as to increase the use of IRVs and improve rice productivity. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 61-75 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1804117 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1804117 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:1:p:61-75 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1794544_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Correction Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 288-288 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1794544 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1794544 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:1:p:288-288 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1799538_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Eldar Salakhetdinov Author-X-Name-First: Eldar Author-X-Name-Last: Salakhetdinov Author-Name: Oboshi Agyeno Author-X-Name-First: Oboshi Author-X-Name-Last: Agyeno Title: Achieving energy security in Africa: prospects of nuclear energy development in South Africa and Nigeria Abstract: Africa has rich energy resources but continues to remain an energy poor continent. The industrialization potential of the continent and its rapidly growing population have caused a sharp increase in demand for electricity. South Africa and Nigeria are the biggest economies in Africa with large appetites for energy. South Africa, using its vastly developed and industrial economy, produces about 50 GWe of electricity, the highest of any African country. In contrast, Nigeria produces far less for a population four times the size of its African economic rival, South Africa. Without solving the energy deficit, neither economic growth nor sustainable development and improvement of citizens’ welfare will be possible. An effective way to solve the energy shortage may be the introduction of nuclear power plants. Nuclear power is not only able to overcome the electricity deficit in African countries, but can also contribute to a soft transition from environmentally polluting fossil-fuelled power plants to carbon-free technologies. However, for various reasons, there is strong opposition to nuclear energy development in these countries. This paper seeks to answer the question of whether the construction of nuclear power plants in Africa is the optimal solution to the continent’s acute energy deficit. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 22-30 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1799538 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1799538 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:1:p:22-30 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1815945_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Kore Marc Guei Author-X-Name-First: Kore Marc Author-X-Name-Last: Guei Author-Name: Ireen Choga Author-X-Name-First: Ireen Author-X-Name-Last: Choga Title: Assessing the finance led growth hypothesis: Empirical evidence from sub-Saharan Africa Abstract: Financial development and economic growth nexus is still an ongoing debate. Several studies have indicated the positive benefits associated with enhancing financial development. Nevertheless, more work can still be done to reap the full benefits of financial development. With growing social disparities in African countries, identifying the channels through which financial services can be effective is important to maintain stability on the continent. This paper employs a system generalized methods of moments (GMM) technique, to attempt to identify the channels through which financial services can be effective. The paper tests such an effect using a panel of 30 countries in sub-Saharan Africa from 2005 to 2016. The results suggest that credit provided by financial institutions and liquid liabilities affect economic growth negatively. Credit to the private sector, on the other hand, contributed significantly to GDP growth. The study underlines the important role of a vibrant private sector to serve as an engine for growth and reduce poverty. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 114-120 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1815945 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1815945 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:1:p:114-120 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1814517_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Bibhunandini Das Author-X-Name-First: Bibhunandini Author-X-Name-Last: Das Title: Diffusion of innovations: Theoretical perspectives and empirical evidence Abstract: This paper attempts to review the theoretical and empirical perspectives of innovation-diffusion literature. The objective of this paper is to develop a heuristic framework by reviewing the existing studies for analyzing the diffusion of innovation and its outcome in different sectors. The formal theoretical and empirical literature on technology diffusion that emerged in the fifties with the epidemic approach has been followed by a voluminous literature spanning different disciplines. From the different strands of literature on analyzing the process of diffusion, the paper finds that there is considerable heterogeneity within theoretical approaches with respect to the process of diffusion. It seems that innovation and diffusion are a complex process that hinges inter alia upon the nature of innovation, adopters' characteristics, institutional context and that all these vary over the time and space. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 94-103 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1814517 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1814517 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:1:p:94-103 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1829352_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Theo Tsokota Author-X-Name-First: Theo Author-X-Name-Last: Tsokota Author-Name: Samuel Musungwini Author-X-Name-First: Samuel Author-X-Name-Last: Musungwini Author-Name: Amanda Mutembedza Author-X-Name-First: Amanda Author-X-Name-Last: Mutembedza Title: A strategy to enhance consumer trust in the adoption of mobile banking applications Abstract: Despite the popularity of mobile banking applications among banks and a phenomenal increase in Commercial Bank of Zimbabwe (CBZ) customer base of 206.6% since 2009, uptake of mobile banking applications has remained deplorably low with CBZ Touch mobile application recording a meagre 8% uptake by 2018. This study sought to determine security, trust and other factors that affect the adoption of CBZ Touch banking application; and then establish a strategy to improve uptake of the application among users. Four-hundred structured, five-point Likert scaled, and self-administered questionnaires and five semi-structured interviews were delivered to conveniently sampled CBZ Touch users. A 60% response rate was recorded. Findings indicate that users do not consider security threats and their consequences as highly probable but are much alive to the social influence, usefulness and cost of the mobile banking app. Though customers of CBZ Touch trust the use of mobile banking app, they are not satisfied with the app and are sceptical about the effectiveness of such apps to meet their banking needs. CBZ has to improve the quality of the mobile banking app, market their app to potential users and regularly update customers on pertinent security threats and security mechanisms. This study proposes a strategy to enhance adoption of CBZ Touch mobile banking app. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 256-271 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1829352 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1829352 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:1:p:256-271 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1816616_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Elisabetta Gotor Author-X-Name-First: Elisabetta Author-X-Name-Last: Gotor Author-Name: Viola Di Cori Author-X-Name-First: Viola Author-X-Name-Last: Di Cori Author-Name: Tiziana Pagnani Author-X-Name-First: Tiziana Author-X-Name-Last: Pagnani Author-Name: Enoch Kikulwe Author-X-Name-First: Enoch Author-X-Name-Last: Kikulwe Author-Name: Marta Kozicka Author-X-Name-First: Marta Author-X-Name-Last: Kozicka Author-Name: Francesco Caracciolo Author-X-Name-First: Francesco Author-X-Name-Last: Caracciolo Title: Public and private investments for banana Xanthomonas Wilt control in Uganda: The economic feasibility for smallholder farmers Abstract: Banana Xanthomonas Wilt (BXW) poses a serious threat to livelihoods and food security for millions of households in Africa. Despite considerable investments in Uganda by the Government and other national and international stakeholders, the disease persists in the country after periods of significant resurgence. Building on the Agricultural Innovation Systems framework, this paper reviews the role of the major stakeholders involved in controlling the disease in Uganda. Next, using household survey data, it analyzes economic costs and benefits of adopting an integrated BXW control package for the Ugandan smallholder farmers.After 2015, there has been a significant reduction in both public and private investments in BXW management, which may contribute to future disease resurgence. Our analysis reveals a high level of partial adoption of BXW recommended practices, and just a third of farmers adopting a full control package. This means significant economic losses for non-adopters, as indicated by our findings that households adopting the full package registered a net balance of US$65 per acre higher than non-adopters. We find that disproportionally large costs need to be borne at the beginning of the process, while the benefits are distributed over time, which may present a barrier to adoption by resource-poor smallholders. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 135-146 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1816616 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1816616 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:1:p:135-146 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1816265_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mafini Dosso Author-X-Name-First: Mafini Author-X-Name-Last: Dosso Author-Name: Alexander Kleibrink Author-X-Name-First: Alexander Author-X-Name-Last: Kleibrink Author-Name: Monika Matusiak Author-X-Name-First: Monika Author-X-Name-Last: Matusiak Title: Smart specialisation strategies in sub-Saharan Africa: Opportunities, challenges and initial mapping for Côte d’Ivoire Abstract: This paper calls for a better integration of place-based, evidence-based and inclusive dimensions in the implementation of the Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) plans and industrial policies in sub-Saharan Africa. To this end, the analysis contrasts with and takes inspiration from the recent and ongoing international experiences in the elaboration of Innovation Strategies for Smart Specialisation (S3). Then a preliminary mapping of the economic, scientific and innovative potentials for Côte d’Ivoire (West Africa) is achieved in line with the smart specialisation approach to evidence collection for innovation policy. The conceptual and mapping exercise can help innovation practitioners and stakeholders to identify important gaps of evidence needed to inform place-based or territorial development policies. The integration of smart specialisation principles into STI and industrial policymaking can indeed open several opportunities to identify and nurture innovative activities and novel industries. Pragmatic recommendations are drawn from these perspectives for more effective innovation-based local development strategies in Côte d’Ivoire and the region. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 121-134 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1816265 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1816265 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:1:p:121-134 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1800942_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Yacouba Traore Author-X-Name-First: Yacouba Author-X-Name-Last: Traore Author-Name: Mammo Muchie Author-X-Name-First: Mammo Author-X-Name-Last: Muchie Author-Name: Zeleke Worku Author-X-Name-First: Zeleke Author-X-Name-Last: Worku Title: South African ambitious investment objectives: The current foreign direct investment determinants in South Africa Abstract: The newly elected South African President, Cyril Ramaphosa, set an ambitious objective to attract US$100 billion Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) for South Africa’s sustainable socio-economic development. This paper determines differential factors that influence the flow of FDI into South Africa. The objective of this study is to assess factors that affect the flow of FDI into South Africa. Data analysis is performed from the 217 foreign exchange practitioners, registered and working at the Johannesburg Stock Exchange in South Africa by performing both ordered logit and Bayesian analyses. Our results showed that the following are the most important FDI determinants factors: (1) the provision of economic incentives; (2) trade regulation and policies; and (3) high expectations of economic return on investments. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 31-48 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1800942 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1800942 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:1:p:31-48 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1815944_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: David Adeyeye Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Adeyeye Author-Name: Adekemi Oluwadare Author-X-Name-First: Adekemi Author-X-Name-Last: Oluwadare Author-Name: Omolayo Oluwatope Author-X-Name-First: Omolayo Author-X-Name-Last: Oluwatope Title: The role of external information sources in organizational innovation in Nigeria Abstract: Traditionally, the focus of strategic management studies has been on technological innovation. However, recent studies have shown rising importance of non-technological innovation to firms’ productivity, especially in developing country contexts. One limitation in empirical firm innovation analyses this study attempts to resolve, is the role of information sources in driving non-technological (organizational) innovation in a developing country context. Developing countries rely on knowledge from external sources to make up for their deficiencies in R&D capability to drive their innovation efforts. Using pooled, cross-sectional data from two rounds of Nigeria’s Innovation Surveys, this study assesses the role of external information sources in organizational innovation practices in Nigeria. A comparative analysis of the manufacturing and service sectors was also undertaken. Using a multivariate probit analysis, our results provide strong evidence of heterogeneity in firms’ information sources used in implementing organizational innovation practices in Nigeria. Most information sources which drive organizational innovation practices in manufacturing firms do not have an impact on service firms. The study recommends sector-specific polices to drive organizational innovation in developing countries. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 104-113 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1815944 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1815944 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:1:p:104-113 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1816277_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Correction Notice Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 289-289 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1816277 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1816277 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:1:p:289-289 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1794520_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Lovemore Tendai Chipunza Author-X-Name-First: Lovemore Tendai Author-X-Name-Last: Chipunza Author-Name: Matsidiso Nehemia Naong Author-X-Name-First: Matsidiso Nehemia Author-X-Name-Last: Naong Title: Demographic variables as drivers of innovation in small accommodation businesses: A case of South Africa and Zimbabwe Abstract: Most of the evidence that has been documented on the impact of demographic factors on innovation has primarily focused on large businesses, and there has been little focus on small businesses. The literature continues to confirm that innovation is a key success factor for any type and size of business, especially for small businesses in emerging economies. This current research focuses on exploring the topic of small accommodation businesses (SABs) with evidence from two developing economies, the Free State province in South Africa and Manicaland in Zimbabwe. The research adopted a survey design where primary data were retrieved from a sample of 278 randomly selected individuals with origins in the two economies. The results of the study showed: (i) innovativeness in SABs is influenced by the age and experience of the managers or owners in one of the countries and when the scores of the two countries are aggregated; (ii) Younger owner and managers were found to be more creative and innovative than their older counterparts who were more experienced. It is, therefore, necessary that owners of SABs continue to employ and invest in young people. Their energy, education, and ability to innovate make them an invaluable investment to ensure the competitive advantage and long-term sustainability of SABs. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 415-423 Issue: 4 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1794520 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1794520 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:4:p:415-423 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1838083_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Julius Silaa Author-X-Name-First: Julius Author-X-Name-Last: Silaa Author-Name: Husin Jazri Author-X-Name-First: Husin Author-X-Name-Last: Jazri Author-Name: Hippolyte Muyingi Author-X-Name-First: Hippolyte Author-X-Name-Last: Muyingi Title: A study on the use of mobile computing technologies for improving the mobility of Windhoek residents Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the use of mobile computing technologies for improving the mobility of Windhoek residents, through exploring the perceptions and attitudes of Windhoek taxi drivers and passengers subjected to a real time experiment of an existing mobile taxi hailing and dispatcher system, Taxi StartApp. The study used the Experience Sampling Method (ESM) where users simulated a taxi hailing service that included a pick and drop in real time and then assessed their perceptions of the location-based technology and its service. The research further deployed a widely used System Usability Scale to evaluate the Taxi StartApp system usability, as a combination of effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction. This research employed qualitative analysis through the adoption of ESM. Eighty samples were selected randomly among taxi drivers and passengers within the town (Windhoek) vicinity. The research falls in the technology adoption research category and the lessons learned from the ESM will help developers to come up with demographically appropriate applications that will address the transportation and mobility challenges in Windhoek. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 479-493 Issue: 4 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 06 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1838083 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1838083 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:4:p:479-493 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1799535_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Raphael Mudemba Author-X-Name-First: Raphael Author-X-Name-Last: Mudemba Author-Name: Amon Taruvinga Author-X-Name-First: Amon Author-X-Name-Last: Taruvinga Author-Name: Leocadia Zhou Author-X-Name-First: Leocadia Author-X-Name-Last: Zhou Title: Determinants of adoption of Indigenous Knowledge (IK) based technology in handicrafts among rural women of Amathole, South Africa: A double hurdle model approach Abstract: Indigenous Knowledge (IK) based technologies and skills have been central to rural livelihoods for ages. Women apply these techniques in a wide range of livelihood activities both on-farm and off-farm. Despite, growing scholarly work on adoption of technologies in rural areas, howbeit studies which focused on adoption of retro technologies and off-farm livelihood activities are very few. Given how central both IK based technologies and handicrafts are in the rural development nexus, studying determinants of adoption of such technologies among rural women assumes importance. This study used a cross-sectional survey of 170 rural women (88 adopters and 82 non-adopters) in Amathole District Municipality. Adoption of IK based technology was specified as a two-step decision process with awareness as a precondition for adoption. Thus, the study employed the Heckman two-stage model to analyze factors affecting awareness and adoption of IK based technologies among rural women. Age, employment status, social networks, access to material, access to the tourism market and workshop attendance influenced awareness. Employment status, number of employed household members, workshops attendance and crafter experience influenced adoption. The study urges the development of a comprehensive policy framework to promote awareness and adoption of IK based technologies in handicrafts as a rural poverty alleviation and employment creation strategy. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 407-414 Issue: 4 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1799535 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1799535 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:4:p:407-414 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1818921_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Lavhelesani Mulibana Author-X-Name-First: Lavhelesani Author-X-Name-Last: Mulibana Author-Name: Ravinder Rena Author-X-Name-First: Ravinder Author-X-Name-Last: Rena Title: Innovation activities of informal micro-enterprises in Gauteng, South Africa: A systematic review of the literature Abstract: The literature revealed that 70–80% of South African small businesses, including informal micro-enterprises, fail in the first year of their existence. Innovation has been recognized as a catalyst that can enhance informal micro-enterprises’ probabilities to survive and transform them from survivalists to sustainable businesses that grow the economy and create jobs. As far as it can be reasonably determined, there has not been a systematic review of the literature on innovation activities of informal micro-enterprises in the Gauteng province, South Africa. This study aims to present a systematic review of the literature, as well as research gaps identified in the literature, and future research opportunities. This paper thus systematically reviews the literature on innovation activities of informal micro-enterprises in the Gauteng province. The study revealed that the innovation capacity of informal micro-enterprises is severely hampered by innovation tradition and social tax. Subsequently, informal micro-enterprises engage less in innovation activity and those that do innovate often engage in incremental rather than radical innovation. Radical innovations are more crucial than incremental innovations. Thus, there is a need for researchers and government organizations to establish initiatives that can aid the informal micro-enterprises to engage more in radical innovation. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 425-435 Issue: 4 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 06 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1818921 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1818921 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:4:p:425-435 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1824608_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Saïd Hammami Author-X-Name-First: Saïd Author-X-Name-Last: Hammami Title: The effect of intellectual property protection on innovation: Empirical analysis of developing countries panel Abstract: This paper aims to test the impact of intellectual property protection reforms on the dynamic of technological progress within sampled developing countries. The dependency of the Intellectual Property Rights (IPR’s) rule enforcement on the stage of economic development is broadly shared in the literature; however, the innovation-IPR’s nexus issue is more controversial. We argue that IPR’s effect on innovation depends on the national absorptive capacity, that is the capacity of the country to detect, analyze and use the new technology. Using a panel data fixed effect (FE), instrumental variable (IV) and negative binomial models (NEGBIN), and controlling for heterogeneity between the countries, three important results emerge. Firstly, we find that IPRs are negatively correlated with innovations in the sample. Secondly, the absorptive capacity has a positive effect on technological progress. Thirdly, the deeper the absorptive capacity is, the higher the expected negative effect of IPRs. We explain this outcome by the fact that IPRs would increase the small and incremental cost of innovation and hinder the possibility of inventing around when the country has developed some basic technological capabilities, otherwise the effect will be marginal. Further policy issues are discussed. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 397-405 Issue: 4 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1824608 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1824608 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:4:p:397-405 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1838143_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Iffat B. Naqvi Author-X-Name-First: Iffat B. Author-X-Name-Last: Naqvi Author-Name: Zahid Ali Memon Author-X-Name-First: Zahid Ali Author-X-Name-Last: Memon Author-Name: Wahid Bux Mangrio Author-X-Name-First: Wahid Bux Author-X-Name-Last: Mangrio Title: From suppliers to nodes in global value chains: An upgradation of the ICT cluster of Pakistan through regional and national innovation systems. Abstract: The bottom-level weaker position of developing countries industrial clusters in GVCs make them prone to the threats of non-compliance of international standards and power dominance by lead firm in GVCs as empirically evident from the traditional industrial clusters of Pakistan. In the context of sceptical literature on the upgrading of supplier firms in GVCs, this research argues that the GVC analysis is limited because the GVC approach takes a quite identifiable linear perspective because the main actors taken into account are firms along the value chain and the lack of attention to the institutional context within which local firms interacting in GVC are embedded. The main research question is how do the innovation systems at the regional and national level support industrial clustered firms in their ability to upgrade from a position of SUPPLIERS to NODES in GVC through the links with knowledge institutes embedded in ISs and GVCs. This research tests the hypotheses using an empirical study of the ICT clusters of Pakistan significantly agglomerated in the cities of Islamabad, Lahore and Karachi. The econometric analysis of cluster firms’ data shows that knowledge links with the knowledge institutes do not support the upgrading of firms in GVC. The policy implications for the upgradation of industrial clusters through the assessment of knowledge links is drawn for the other developing countries. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 495-508 Issue: 4 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 06 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1838143 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1838143 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:4:p:495-508 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1804100_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Abdullah Al-Zabir Author-X-Name-First: Abdullah Author-X-Name-Last: Al-Zabir Author-Name: Camillus Abawiera Wongnaa Author-X-Name-First: Camillus Abawiera Author-X-Name-Last: Wongnaa Author-Name: Md. Ariful Islam Author-X-Name-First: Md. Ariful Author-X-Name-Last: Islam Author-Name: Md. Nur Mozahid Author-X-Name-First: Md. Nur Author-X-Name-Last: Mozahid Title: Food security status of farming households in Bangladesh: A comparison of recipients and non-receivers of institutional support Abstract: This study examined the difference in food security status of recipients and non-receivers of institutional support living under similar socioeconomic conditions. The study used data collected from 160 farming households in five upazilas in Sylhet district using stratified sampling. Descriptive statistics, Household Dietary Diversity Score and binary logistic regression analysis were the methods of analysis employed. The results showed that number of ultra-poor, hardcore poor and absolute poor were higher in the case of non-receivers of institutional support as their per capita food consumption was low. Rice was reported as the most consumed food item by both groups per day. People with access to institutional support had more dietary diversity scores than the counterpart group. The food security index was 0.95 and 1.08 for non-receivers and recipients of institutional support, respectively. On the basis of calorie intake, with an average calorie intake of 2298.58 KCal, recipients of institutional support were found to be more food secured than non-receivers who reported 2020.75 KCal. The results also revealed that, though recipients of institutional support were more food secured, higher fluctuations were found in individual calorie intake by recipients than non-receivers. Finally, the food security of the farming households was found to be influenced by educational level, family size, number of facilities received and size of cultivable land area. The positive effect of education of especially non-receivers of institutional support on food security calls for policies aimed at strengthening education of farming households. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 449-462 Issue: 4 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1804100 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1804100 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:4:p:449-462 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1800221_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Innocent T. Mahiya Author-X-Name-First: Innocent T. Author-X-Name-Last: Mahiya Title: An exploratory study into the establishment of agricultural innovation platforms to improve agricultural efficiency in Hwedza district, Zimbabwe Abstract: Africa has suffered a series of challenges around food insecurities which are partly explained by inefficient agricultural systems. The agricultural innovation platforms have been popularized in Africa and Zimbabwe in particular as part of the answer to the many agricultural problems that include depressed productivity on the continent. The main aim of the study was to examine the intricate dynamics around the establishment and operationalization of the agricultural innovation platforms in Hwedza. This article is based on my PhD research that was carried out extensively through qualitative approaches for a period of twelve months in Hwedza district. I discuss the formation of the agricultural innovation platforms in Hwedza, including the selection of the villages from which small-scale farmers were drawn to become part of the platforms as well the subsequent operationalization of the platforms. Findings showed that local farmers have the capacity to initiate and implement transforming agricultural interventions that can improve agricultural productivity. I also argue that many of Africa’s agricultural problems require a locally bred solution that resonates with African philosophy and ways of doing things. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 437-448 Issue: 4 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1800221 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1800221 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:4:p:437-448 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1857542_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Raghavaiah Katuri Author-X-Name-First: Raghavaiah Author-X-Name-Last: Katuri Author-Name: Srinivasarao Gorantla Author-X-Name-First: Srinivasarao Author-X-Name-Last: Gorantla Title: Math function-based controller combined with PI and PID applied to ultracapacitor based solar-powered electric vehicle Abstract: In the view of environmental concerns, the usage of electric vehicles (EVs) has increased more drastically than internal combustion (IC) engine-based vehicles. To diminish the load on the battery at peak power requirement, Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) was made by uniting battery and ultracapacitor (UC). HESS based electric vehicles always give better results than only battery-fed electric vehicles. The switching of sources according to the driving conditions was the main problem accompanying HESS based EVs. In this, the obstacle related to EVs is overcome by design a new control method, which is comprises two different controllers. With four separate math functions based on the coding by taking speed value as reference, a new controller is modelled, called a math function-based (MFB) controller. Further, a hybrid controller (HC) is constructed by integrating the MFB with a traditional controller to switch energy sources matching the motor’s speed. Based on the availability of solar energy, the battery charge and discharge periods are controlled. A relative study has been done between two HCs named MFB with Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID) and MFB with Proportional–Integral (PI)-based on various time domain specifications. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 509-526 Issue: 4 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 06 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1857542 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1857542 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:4:p:509-526 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1814516_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Joseph I. Uduji Author-X-Name-First: Joseph I. Author-X-Name-Last: Uduji Author-Name: Elda Nduka Okolo-Obasi Author-X-Name-First: Elda Nduka Author-X-Name-Last: Okolo-Obasi Author-Name: Simplice Anutechia Asongu Author-X-Name-First: Simplice Anutechia Author-X-Name-Last: Asongu Title: Analysis of farmers’ food price volatility and Nigeria’s growth enhancement support scheme Abstract: Food prices in Nigeria have become significantly higher and more volatile since 2012. The purpose of this research was to find out what affects farmers’ participation in the growth enhancement support scheme (GESS) in the country. We determined the effect of the GESS on the ease of access to market information and agricultural inputs that influence price volatility at farm gate level. A total of 2100 rural farmers were sampled across Nigeria’s six geopolitical zones. Result from the use of recursive bivariate probit model showed that farmers depended on the GESS for the resolution of food price volatility by providing food market information and agricultural inputs that bring down the incidence and amount of anxiety-impelled price rise in Nigeria. The results advocated for the need to improve the GESS in line with the agricultural transformation agenda (ATA) by cutting down the deterrents mostly linked with the use of mobile phones, and the distance of registration and assemblage centres. In extension and contribution, the findings suggest that smallholder farmers can be part of the volatility solution when they are provided with rural roads and transportation to get their product to the market, and technology to receive and share the latest market information on prices. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 463-478 Issue: 4 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1814516 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1814516 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:4:p:463-478 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1718364_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Olufikayo Abodunde Author-X-Name-First: Olufikayo Author-X-Name-Last: Abodunde Author-Name: Oluseye Jegede Author-X-Name-First: Oluseye Author-X-Name-Last: Jegede Title: R&D productivity for science, technology and innovation policy development in Nigeria: A scientometric analysis of academic literature Abstract: This study purposively selected 148 Science and Engineering Journals out of the 221 Journals registered on the African Journal Online (AJOL) directory. Data harvested were analyzed on a year-wise basis from 2012 to 2016, to identify the positive or negative growth trend of research output. The open source software “Publish or Perish” was used to query metrical data for the purposively selected journals by accessing the Google scholar database over the internet. Data were obtained to determine the degree of collaboration based on the 19 thematic areas as identified in the Nigerian Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) policy document. It was further examined by measuring the authorship pattern and co-authorship index (CAI). The analysis from the study provides information on the productivity of research that has been carried out in the various thematic areas in Nigerian Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) policy. It also provides information on the nature and extent of collaboration of research among the actors in the research and development system. It thus serves as a reference tool for policymakers to review science, technology and innovation policy in Nigeria. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 787-795 Issue: 7 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1718364 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1718364 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:7:p:787-795 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1762355_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Fateh Bencherif Author-X-Name-First: Fateh Author-X-Name-Last: Bencherif Author-Name: Leila Hayet Mouss Author-X-Name-First: Leila Hayet Author-X-Name-Last: Mouss Title: Complex network to enhance characterization analysis in modelling product development process Abstract: Nowadays, successful and innovative product development is highly correlated with the company's success and reason for existence. A development process is a major factor influencing cost, timing and quality of product development. It requires additional attention to decisions made about programme, budget, technical and market risks. In this paper a product development process model is proposed in an innovation context and strategy framework of design process and project management. The process modelling is complex network theory based, to improve characterization analysis for product development process modelling. Required concepts for complex process are established to build product development mathematical model, and provide an overview of key definitions and complex networks advanced tools. Finally, a case study for an Algerian electric generator company is carried out to prove the practicality of the proposed model. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 797-811 Issue: 7 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1762355 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1762355 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:7:p:797-811 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1714175_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mapula Hildah Lefophane Author-X-Name-First: Mapula Hildah Author-X-Name-Last: Lefophane Author-Name: Mmatlou Kalaba Author-X-Name-First: Mmatlou Author-X-Name-Last: Kalaba Title: Estimating effects of information and communication technology (ICT) on the productivity of manufacturing industries in South Africa Abstract: This paper serves to examine whether the growth in labour productivity (LP) in South Africa’s manufacturing sector, following policy reforms after 1994, can be attributed to ICT use. To achieve this, we examine the link between ICT intensity and LP growth of 23 manufacturing industries for the period 1970–2016 and sub-periods 1970–1995 and 1996–2016. The industries are disaggregated into two groups, which are ‘more ICT-intensive’ and ‘less ICT-intensive’, using the ICT intensity index. Four dummy variable regression models are applied to test for the relationship between ICT intensity of industries and LP growth. The findings suggest that LP of the more ICT-intensive industries accelerated more than that of their counterparts. The results underscore the need for policy measures to increase ICT use with the aim of improving LP performance of industries. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 813-830 Issue: 7 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1714175 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1714175 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:7:p:813-830 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1732596_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Simplice A. Asongu Author-X-Name-First: Simplice A. Author-X-Name-Last: Asongu Author-Name: Paul N. Acha-Anyi Author-X-Name-First: Paul N. Author-X-Name-Last: Acha-Anyi Title: Enhancing ICT for productivity in sub-Saharan Africa: Thresholds for complementary policies Abstract: The purpose of this research is to investigate the relevance of enhancing information and communication technology (ICT) on dynamics of total factor productivity (TFP) in 25 sub-Saharan African countries using data covering the period 1980–2014. The empirical evidence is based on the Generalised Method of Moments. The following main findings are established. First, while enhancing ICT overwhelmingly has net positive effects on productivity, the corresponding marginal effects are negative. Second, an extended analysis is performed to establish thresholds for complementary policies. These thresholds are: 100% mobile phone penetration for TFP; between 101.214% and 101.419% mobile phone penetration for welfare TFP and 15% internet penetration for welfare real TFP. It follows that approximately 100% mobile penetration and 15% internet penetration are thresholds at which ICT should be complemented with other macroeconomic policies for favorable outcomes on productivity dynamics. Other policy implications are discussed. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 831-845 Issue: 7 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1732596 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1732596 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:7:p:831-845 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1727107_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Foluke Olabisi Okocha Author-X-Name-First: Foluke Olabisi Author-X-Name-Last: Okocha Author-Name: Vera Awele Adibi Author-X-Name-First: Vera Author-X-Name-Last: Awele Adibi Title: Mobile banking adoption by business executives in Nigeria Abstract: Challenges with the adoption of mobile banking technologies are best understood by studies on adoption. This however requires understanding the factors that influence its adoption in a given region. Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was adopted to understand the underlying factors that influence mobile banking adoption by business executives in Nigeria. TAM was extended to include economic issues. Data were collected from 66 business executives in Nigeria using a structured questionnaire based on the model; the questionnaire was further analyzed using principal component analysis and regression analysis. Results showed that economic issues and social influence were major determinants for mobile banking adoption by business executives in Nigeria. However, economic issues were considered as the main predictor with a p-value of 0.000. This study contributes to the existing knowledge by giving consideration to business executives’ adoption of mobile banking in a developing country. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 847-854 Issue: 7 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1727107 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1727107 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:7:p:847-854 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1733281_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Kyung-ha Kim Author-X-Name-First: Kyung-ha Author-X-Name-Last: Kim Title: The role of mobile money in improving the financial inclusion of Nairobi’s urban poor Abstract: The aim of this research is to examine the extent to which mobile money has improved the financial inclusion of Nairobi’s urban poor. Nairobi is Kenya’s largest and most developed city, but it is also the city where the country’s largest slum is located. The city’s poorest strata, the so-called urban poor, account for a large proportion of Nairobi’s population; most of them face exclusion from accessing formal financial services. However, mobile money has enabled them to access financial services more easily. Based on survey research conducted by the author in Nairobi, this paper demonstrates that the urban poor were far less likely to have a bank account than middle- and high-income groups, but that they had a high need for saving services/safe money storage. Mobile money has provided a savings service that is better suited to the needs of the urban poor than that offered by other channels and has enabled them to save small amount of money more frequently. This has encouraged greater use of mobile money and has significantly decreased levels of financial exclusion amongst the urban poor (p < .001). Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 855-865 Issue: 7 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1733281 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1733281 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:7:p:855-865 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1726084_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Oluwafemi Ajayi Author-X-Name-First: Oluwafemi Author-X-Name-Last: Ajayi Author-Name: Nnamdi Nwulu Author-X-Name-First: Nnamdi Author-X-Name-Last: Nwulu Author-Name: Uyikumhe Damisa Author-X-Name-First: Uyikumhe Author-X-Name-Last: Damisa Title: Application of metaheuristic algorithms in DC-optimal power flow Abstract: This paper presents the application of two metaheuristic algorithms (Exchange Market Algorithm and Ant Lion Optimizer) in solving the DC optimal power flow problem. The objective of this study is to minimize fuel costs associated with electricity generation. Advanced Interactive Multidimensional Modelling Software is also used to solve the same optimization problem and the results obtained from using this method are used to validate those from the two metaheuristic algorithms. The three methods have been implemented on the standard IEEE 14- and 30-bus system, as well as the 62-bus Indian utility system. From the analysis, the results obtained prove the robustness and effectiveness of using both algorithms to solve DC optimal power flow and even more complex optimization problems. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 867-872 Issue: 7 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1726084 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1726084 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:7:p:867-872 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1746043_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Oluseye Oladayo Jegede Author-X-Name-First: Oluseye Oladayo Author-X-Name-Last: Jegede Title: Node between firm’s knowledge-intensive activities and their propensity to innovate: Insights from Nigeria’s mining industry Abstract: While studies have examined the nexus between knowledge and innovative performance, the literature from the context of developing countries is very scant. This study thus examines which knowledge-intensive activities influence the propensity of mining firms in Nigeria to implement either product innovation, process innovation or both kinds of innovations. The study explored 106 purposively selected mining firms in Nigeria to check the effect of knowledge on the prevalence of innovation in the industry. Using a questionnaire administered to the chief executive officers/most senior managers of the firms, the study identified six main knowledge indicators for the mining industry which were regressed against indicators of technological innovations. The study found that while R&D activities were important for product innovation, acquisition of machinery, equipment, hardware and software were the principal drivers of process innovation. The knowledge-based activities common to both innovation types were acquisition of external knowledge/technologies, learning, knowledge exchange and training as well as other activities like feasibility studies, market research, continuous improvement, business process re-engineering, tooling-up, routine software upgrades, amongst others. The study concludes that certain knowledge-intensive activities are important for different kinds of innovations in the firms. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 873-881 Issue: 7 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1746043 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1746043 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:7:p:873-881 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1128135_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Zeleke Worku Author-X-Name-First: Zeleke Author-X-Name-Last: Worku Title: Barriers to the growth of small, micro and medium-sized business enterprises in the Vaal Triangle region of South Africa Abstract: The purpose of the study was to identify and quantify factors that are responsible for the high rate of failure in newly established SMMEs in the Vaal Triangle region of Gauteng Province in South Africa. The study was based on a stratified random sample of size N = 303. Stratified random sampling was used for collecting data by using a structured, pre-tested and validated questionnaire of study. Statistical analyses were performed by using descriptive methods such as frequency tables, cross-tab analyses and factor analysis. The study found that 21% of businesses were not viable financially. The study also showed that viability in small and medium-sized enterprises in the Vaal Triangle area was adversely influenced by difficulty in securing loans, lack of training opportunities, and shortage of entrepreneurial skills. The study showed that the growth of newly established businesses was hampered due to difficulty in securing credit on favourable terms from micro lending institutions and the lack of training opportunities on entrepreneurial activities. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 134-141 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1128135 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1128135 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:2:p:134-141 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1147198_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: John M. Ikome Author-X-Name-First: John M. Author-X-Name-Last: Ikome Author-Name: Sesan P. Ayodeji Author-X-Name-First: Sesan P. Author-X-Name-Last: Ayodeji Author-Name: Grace M. Kanakana Author-X-Name-First: Grace M. Author-X-Name-Last: Kanakana Title: Minimising instability on manufacturing systems after random disruption Abstract: One of the major issues in manufacturing systems is to determine how to deal effectively with unexpected disruption during production operation, (e.g. material unavailability, machine breakdown, employee absenteeism, power failure and additional resources, etc.). This paper presents a comprehensive literature review which shows that existing methods and tools offer very few concepts that are sufficient to handle a variety of random disruptions in manufacturing industries. A scheduling model was developed, and random sampling and simulation runs were done to minimise instability of the production system after random disruption. The results indicate that the degree of failure in the production line fluctuates and additional resources are required in order to meet up with planned demand. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 142-145 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1147198 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1147198 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:2:p:142-145 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1147199_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Dennis Yao Dzansi Author-X-Name-First: Dennis Yao Author-X-Name-Last: Dzansi Author-Name: Akwasi Arko-Achemfuor Author-X-Name-First: Akwasi Author-X-Name-Last: Arko-Achemfuor Title: Understanding entrepreneurship in the South African context: Insights from entrepreneurial risk attitudes of four major ethnic groups Abstract: Researchers have been asking why some ethnic groups are more entrepreneurial than others. This question persists in South Africa where there are differing entrepreneurial outcomes based on ethnicity. In this study, we examine why some ethnic groups in South Africa seem more entrepreneurial than others. The paper draws attention to the possible role of attitude towards entrepreneurial risk as an explanatory factor for three reasons: (1) risk taking is regarded as an entrepreneurial behaviour; (2) risk taking has been found to differ due to demographic factors including ethnicity; (3) risk tolerance is associated with successful entrepreneurship. Understanding entrepreneurship across the different ethnic groups of South Africa therefore partially rests on understanding the risk-taking behaviours of the different ethnic groups. Unfortunately, the dearth of empirical research makes it difficult to know for sure how the various ethnic groups in South Africa respond to entrepreneurial risk. This leaves a void that this research attempts to fill. In this study, survey research data were collected from a sample of 400 entrepreneurs from the four main ethnic groups in a South African municipality. Results indicate significant differences among the four ethnic groups. This and other findings are presented and discussed accompanied by recommendations. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 146-154 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1147199 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1147199 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:2:p:146-154 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1147200_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Patient Rambe Author-X-Name-First: Patient Author-X-Name-Last: Rambe Author-Name: Dennis Yao Dzansi Author-X-Name-First: Dennis Yao Author-X-Name-Last: Dzansi Title: Informal distributed leadership in technology adoption Abstract: This study investigated the role of informal distributed leadership in dealing with the complexities of adopting technology innovation in Higher Education contexts. In the study, in-depth semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were held with a group of informal leaders in a South African university. The findings suggest that informal distributed leadership works best in promoting technology adoption when there is a clear understanding of: (1) the locus of control of technology adopters; (2) power contestations between academics and students; (3) alignment of technology with pedagogical goals; and (4) shared intentionality between the core group of informal leaders. In practical terms, the study offers a middle-of-the-road approach to diffusion of technology innovation as an alternative to the ineffective top-down and individual innovative leader (bottom-up) approaches. For originality/novelty, the study introduces the distributed leadership theory into the technology adoption discourse. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 155-165 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1147200 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1147200 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:2:p:155-165 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1147201_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Francis-Daniel Menga Author-X-Name-First: Francis-Daniel Author-X-Name-Last: Menga Author-Name: Noël Djongyang Author-X-Name-First: Noël Author-X-Name-Last: Djongyang Author-Name: Danwé Raïdandi Author-X-Name-First: Danwé Author-X-Name-Last: Raïdandi Author-Name: Réné Tchinda Author-X-Name-First: Réné Author-X-Name-Last: Tchinda Title: A proportional integral synthesis for a variable speed wind energy conversion system using a permanent magnet synchronous generator Abstract: A wind energy conversion system applied to battery charge is proposed in this paper. A permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) is used as a variable speed generator in the proposed system. In order to extract the maximum power, the generator torque control is carried out by the pulse width modulation (PWM) converter, which requires controllers (PI controllers are used). A new approach is developed to settle easily and effectively the PI controller for the first order system. This approach is based on the compensation pole method. The system is simulated in the Matlab/Simpower environment and the results show that the new approach is better than the conventional method. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 166-172 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1147201 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1147201 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:2:p:166-172 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1147203_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Johnson A. Fadeyi Author-X-Name-First: Johnson A. Author-X-Name-Last: Fadeyi Author-Name: Modestus O. Okwu Author-X-Name-First: Modestus O. Author-X-Name-Last: Okwu Author-Name: Chinedum O. Mgbemena Author-X-Name-First: Chinedum O. Author-X-Name-Last: Mgbemena Author-Name: Kingsley C. Ezekiel Author-X-Name-First: Kingsley C. Author-X-Name-Last: Ezekiel Title: The Pareto principle and a hazard model as tools for appropriate scheduled maintenance in a manufacturing firm Abstract: This study relates to a manufacturing firm that produces sanitary towels in Nigeria. The firm was confronted with operational challenge of high production downtime occasioned by frequent breakdown of the subsystems of the production system. This situation thus threatened its survival despite monthly scheduled maintenance. The study obtained machine breakdown records from the production unit and estimated the percentage downtime of the subsystems in hierarchical order. Pareto analysis was used to determine that 6 out of 11 subsystems were responsible for about 80% of the downtime. The hazard rates of these subsystems were determined and failure distributions obtained. A better preventive maintenance plan based on these vital subsystems was proposed. The study was conducted using obtained machine breakdown records for 18 weeks and an estimated 2592 hours of machine time. The study concluded that general scheduled maintenance is not suitable for all the subsystems that make up the production system but that each, especially the critical ones, should be maintained separately at specific times as revealed by the hazard model. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 173-177 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1147203 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1147203 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:2:p:173-177 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1147204_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Thema Monroe-White Author-X-Name-First: Thema Author-X-Name-Last: Monroe-White Author-Name: Thomas S. Woodson Author-X-Name-First: Thomas S. Author-X-Name-Last: Woodson Title: Inequalities in scholarly knowledge: Public value failures and their impact on global science Abstract: There is a growing body of literature that acknowledges the overall trends in publication patterns in the least economically advantaged countries. The pattern shows that there are disparities between the Global North and Global South with regard to indexed publication output. Few studies, however, empirically assess the impact that this systematic disparity has on global scientific knowledge. This paper examines this systematic disparity by (1) analysing the co-authorship patterns of the least economically advantaged countries using bibliometric analysis of the Web of Science ISI database, and (2) applying the public-value failure mapping tool to identify potential failures in the scientific scholarship. Our analysis provides strong evidence of public value failures in global scholarly publication output. The paper contributes to the science policy and public value failure literatures using novel theoretical and methodological approaches to explore issues of equity and inequality in global science. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 178-186 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1147204 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1147204 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:2:p:178-186 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1147205_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Xolani Makhoba Author-X-Name-First: Xolani Author-X-Name-Last: Makhoba Author-Name: Anastassios Pouris Author-X-Name-First: Anastassios Author-X-Name-Last: Pouris Title: Scientometric assessment of selected R&D priority areas in South Africa: A comparison with other BRICS countries Abstract: A scientometric analysis of selected research priority areas in South Africa was done using the Web of Science database for the period 2002–2012. The performance of the country in the areas of biotechnology, energy, astronomy and palaeontology in terms of the publication output in these areas is compared using two classic scientometric indicators, the activity and attractivity indices. These are important priority areas as highlighted in various government policy documents and the aim was to identify whether outputs in these field correspond with government policy. The study also identifies leading institutions in the country in terms of publication output while the performance is also benchmarked against that of the other BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China) group of countries as well as Egypt. It was found that the country is doing relatively well in research areas in which it enjoys geographical advantage such as astronomy and palaeontology and compares favourably with comparator countries in all areas reviewed. In terms of the institutional profile and based on publication outputs over the period considered, the University of Cape Town is a leader in biotechnology and energy, University of the Witwatersrand in palaeontology and the National Research Foundation in the area of astronomy. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 187-196 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1147205 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1147205 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:2:p:187-196 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1147206_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Williams S. Ebhota Author-X-Name-First: Williams S. Author-X-Name-Last: Ebhota Author-Name: Freddie L. Inambao Author-X-Name-First: Freddie L. Author-X-Name-Last: Inambao Title: Electricity insufficiency in Africa: A product of inadequate manufacturing capacity Abstract: Energy availability is fundamental and crucial for human survival and for national economic development. Energy consumption per capita of a country or region is a measure of quality of life and industrialisation of a country or region. This to certain extent explains why energy consumption is higher in technologically developed countries than the developing ones. Africa is faced with chronic power problems and this stalls her economic growth, in spite of availability of vast natural resources in the region. The number of Africans without access to modern energy is over 600 million and the projected year of adequate power accessibility in Africa is 2080. This study shows that the main hindrances to access to power in Africa are insufficient continental collective effort, inadequate application of academic based research findings, inadequate manufacturing infrastructure and overdependence on foreign technology, insufficient human capacity development and the high cost of power projects in the region. The study went further to identify small hydropower plant (SHP) technology capacity building to facilitate domestication, establishment of regional energy research institutions, transformation of research findings into real products, and adoption of Asian developing countries’ energy development approach as formidable ways of tackling power problems and power sustainability in Africa. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 197-204 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1147206 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1147206 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:2:p:197-204 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1147207_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Manjinder Kaur Author-X-Name-First: Manjinder Author-X-Name-Last: Kaur Author-Name: Lakhwinder Singh Author-X-Name-First: Lakhwinder Author-X-Name-Last: Singh Title: Knowledge in the economic growth of developing economies Abstract: In the modern era, the success of a developing economy has become more dependent on the capacity to produce and use knowledge, which leads to the emergence of a knowledge economy. Keeping in view the significance of the knowledge economy in the economic growth of economies, in the present study an attempt has been made to examine the inter-country differences across the selected developing economies. In addition to it, to analyse the impact of knowledge on economic level as well as on economic growth across 42 selected developing economies, regression analysis was applied. The results of the study reveal that there is positive correlation between the knowledge economy index and economic level, but there is very weak marginal effect of the knowledge economy on economic growth. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 205-212 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1147207 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1147207 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:2:p:205-212 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1147209_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Olayinka Akanle Author-X-Name-First: Olayinka Author-X-Name-Last: Akanle Author-Name: J. O. Adesina Author-X-Name-First: J. O. Author-X-Name-Last: Adesina Author-Name: E. P. Akarah Author-X-Name-First: E. P. Author-X-Name-Last: Akarah Title: Towards human dignity and the internet: The cybercrime (yahoo yahoo) phenomenon in Nigeria Abstract: The internet is one of the most pervasive technological innovations in human history. While it is a double-edged sword, its implications for human dignity, privacy, protection and development are complicated, under-researched and weakly understood. It is against this background that this article examined the cybercrime phenomenon (yahoo yahoo in the local context) which has been on the rise in Nigeria and Africa since the last decade. This article is to empirically examine the real interface of science, technological innovations and development as it affects human dignity through African case study. The article examined the cybercrime phenomenon among youth in the Ibadan metropolis of South-western Nigeria with human dignity and development perspective. Both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection and data analysis were adopted. Important findings were made and useful conclusions/recommendations were made to enhance the sustainability of technological innovations, human dignity and development in Africa and other developing countries. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 213-220 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1147209 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1147209 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:2:p:213-220 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1128041_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Andrew C. Eloka-Eboka Author-X-Name-First: Andrew C. Author-X-Name-Last: Eloka-Eboka Author-Name: Chiemela Onunka Author-X-Name-First: Chiemela Author-X-Name-Last: Onunka Title: Fuel properties comparison of species of microalgae and selected second-generation oil feedstocks Abstract: Comparative investigation and assessment of microalgal technology as a biodiesel production option was studied alongside other second generation feedstocks. This was carried out by comparing fuel properties of species of Chlorella vulgaris, Duneliella spp., Synechococus spp. and Senedesmus spp. with the feedstock of Jatropha (ex-basirika variety), Hura crepitans, rubber and Natal mahogany seed oils. The microalgae were cultivated using a photo-bioreactor (New Brunsink set-up model BF-115 Bioflo/CelliGen made in the USA) with operating parameters: 14 l capacity, working volume of 7.5 l media, including 10% inoculum, at optical density of 3.144 @ 540 nm and light intensity of 200 lux, for 23 and 16 days respectively. Various produced/accumulated biomasses were harvested by draining, flocculation, centrifugation and drying, and then subjected to lipid extraction processes. The oils extracted from the algae and feedstocks were characterised and used to produce biodiesel fuels, by the transesterification method, using a modified optimisation protocol. The fuel properties of the final biodiesel products were evaluated for chemo-physical and fuel properties. Results revealed Chlorella vulgaris as the best strain for biomass cultivation, having the highest lipid productivity (5.2 mgl−1h−1), the highest rate of CO2 absorption (17.85 mgl−1min−1) and the average carbon sequestration in the form of CO2 was 76.6%. The highest biomass productivity was 35.1 mgl−1h−1 (Chlorella), while Senedesmus had the least output (3.75 mgl−1h−1, 11.73 mgl−1min−1). All species had good pH value adaptation, ranging from 6.5 to 8.5. The fuel properties of the microalgal biodiesel in comparison with Jatropha, rubber, Hura and Natal mahogany were within ASTM specification and AGO used as control. Fuel cultivation from microalgae is feasible and will revolutionise the biodiesel industry. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 221-232 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1128041 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1128041 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:2:p:221-232 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1159401_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Sara S (Saartjie) Grobbelaar Author-X-Name-First: Sara S (Saartjie) Author-X-Name-Last: Grobbelaar Author-Name: Nigel Gwynne-Evans Author-X-Name-First: Nigel Author-X-Name-Last: Gwynne-Evans Author-Name: Alan C. Brent Author-X-Name-First: Alan C. Author-X-Name-Last: Brent Title: From enterprise development to inclusive innovation – A systemic instruments framework for regional innovation support Abstract: Although the role and importance of innovation support in South Africa is a well-recognised concept on the national level, provincial governments have only recently started to debate, investigate and explore instruments through which innovation can be leveraged and supported regionally. Extant theory and practice is vague on providing support on how to design precise solutions. In this paper we consider the Western Cape Department of Economic Development and Tourism (WCDEDAT) in South Africa. The goal of the paper is to design and populate a policy-learning framework on the provincial government level. We explore the key functions of the provincial government towards supporting innovation and propose a policy-learning framework extensively exploring possible systems instrument goals and actual instruments/ mechanisms towards performing such functions. We argue that this policy-learning framework could be useful to a wider audience and that it can also serve as a guide for regions at a similar level of development. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 233-246 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1159401 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1159401 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:2:p:233-246 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1219485_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: L. B. Shilenge Author-X-Name-First: L. B. Author-X-Name-Last: Shilenge Author-Name: K. Shale Author-X-Name-First: K. Author-X-Name-Last: Shale Author-Name: T. Matodzi Author-X-Name-First: T. Author-X-Name-Last: Matodzi Author-Name: F. Machete Author-X-Name-First: F. Author-X-Name-Last: Machete Author-Name: C. Tshelane Author-X-Name-First: C. Author-X-Name-Last: Tshelane Title: A review of microbial hazards associated with meat processing in butcheries Abstract: Meat is highly nutritional and rich in proteins, which makes it a good substrate for possible microbial growth. As a result, in its raw state, meat is easily susceptible to colonization by microorganisms. This study describes the possible sources of contamination associated with food handlers in butcheries, as well as the microorganisms that are able to contaminate meat and potentially a cause variety of illness. The study also reflects on the knowledge and behaviour of food handlers, their equipment and the working surfaces in butcheries as potential sources of contamination. Meat processing hygiene is part of Quality Management (QM) in abattoirs and butcheries. The QM refers to the hygienic measures taken during various processing stages of meat products. Hence, contamination of meat is often caused by food handlers, the production chain and equipment used. Therefore, it is fundamental in this study to identify possible contamination sources and types of microorganisms associated with such meat safety contamination. The latter is important for optimizing hygiene practices in butcheries and minimizing possible health-related risks. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1-6 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1219485 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1219485 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:1:p:1-6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1225549_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Sara Grobbelaar Author-X-Name-First: Sara Author-X-Name-Last: Grobbelaar Author-Name: Robert Tijssen Author-X-Name-First: Robert Author-X-Name-Last: Tijssen Author-Name: Marjolijn Dijksterhuis Author-X-Name-First: Marjolijn Author-X-Name-Last: Dijksterhuis Title: University-driven inclusive innovations in the Western Cape of South Africa: Towards a research framework of innovation regimes Abstract: Inclusive innovation refers to the improvement of living conditions and creation of employment opportunities for the poor through the development or co-creation of new products, services, processes and business models aimed at resource poor communities. Based on an empirical study of 15 university-led inclusive innovation projects in the Western Cape Province in South Africa, using an inductive approach we apply an analytical framework that serves two purposes (1) to describe our empirical findings and (2) to develop a broader research agenda that identifies a number of key research questions on the role of inclusive innovation projects in developing countries, and ways of addressing those questions in future studies. The empirical findings reveal a wide variety of university departments and individual staff members engaging with low-income user groups or entrepreneurs to (co-)create, launch or operate inclusive innovations. Our analysis shows that unravelling the various structural components and functions can provide interesting new insights into the workings of inclusive innovation systems. The findings of our study illustrate the complexity of the subject matter and the urgent need for a ‘system of innovation components’ approach to enhance our understanding of inclusive innovation projects and to develop appropriate methodologies for measuring their impacts. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 7-19 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1225549 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1225549 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:1:p:7-19 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1254847_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ambrose D. Dapaah Author-X-Name-First: Ambrose D. Author-X-Name-Last: Dapaah Author-Name: Wellington D. Thwala Author-X-Name-First: Wellington D. Author-X-Name-Last: Thwala Author-Name: Innocent Musonda Author-X-Name-First: Innocent Author-X-Name-Last: Musonda Title: Performance evaluation of contractor development programmes in South Africa Abstract: The performance of the construction industry in South Africa is supported by its industry players, such as the construction contractors, and cannot be underestimated. The designed Contractor Development Programmes (CDPs) in South Africa are aimed at creating an enabling environment for the survival and sustainability of Small, Medium and Micro Enterprise (SMME) contractors. Despite the prime aim of the CDPs in facilitating sustainable growths among SMMEs, the CDPs, however, have not been adequately evaluated by their beneficiaries, according to existing literature. Therefore, the need for a study to investigate the impact of the CDPs on beneficiaries is prudent and formed the rational for this study. The aim of this study was to carry out performance evaluation from the perspective of the CDP beneficiaries. Questionnaire survey and structured interviews were adopted using construction SMMEs as the study population who were selected via the purposive sampling technique. This method was appropriate because it gave respondents the opportunity to express their views on the impact of the CDPs. The study found that beneficiaries were comparatively satisfied with the CDPs but requested that they should be given a face-lift to upgrade them and make them more sustainable. The study also established that there are gaps in the CDPs that the implementing agencies should cover to ensure the successful implementation of the CDPs. Further, the study concluded that continuous mentorship programmes for contractors is an apparent solution where performance of CDPs is inadequate, but that this vital component of training is lacking in most South African CDPs. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 21-29 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1254847 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1254847 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:1:p:21-29 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1258025_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Edzai Kademeteme Author-X-Name-First: Edzai Author-X-Name-Last: Kademeteme Author-Name: Billy Mathias Kalema Author-X-Name-First: Billy Mathias Author-X-Name-Last: Kalema Author-Name: Pieter Pretorius Author-X-Name-First: Pieter Author-X-Name-Last: Pretorius Title: Managing and improving data quality through the adoption of data warehouse in the public sector Abstract: The increasing use of technology in organizations has resulted in burgeoning sizes of data, a wider variety of data sources and diverse data structure, all calling for better storage, retrieval and analytics. The increasing demands that data make on organizations, if not handled with care, could lead to a compromise of data quality. In this context, there is an urgent need for the comprehensive capturing, measure and control of data. This need has necessitated the adoption of business intelligence tools like data warehousing (DW) to ensure quality and the segregation of analytical operations from mainframe transaction processing. However, the benefits of DW adoption have been primarily enjoyed by the private sector and little effort has been made to adopt business intelligence tools in the public sector. This is reinforced by the literature, which shows that there is little empirical research on developed frameworks to inform DW adoption in the public sector. Data for the current study was collected from the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform (DRDLR) in South Africa and analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling. The results indicate that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, behavioural intention, and environmental and technological characteristics are key antecedents for DW adoption. This study’s finding could be used to extend research on technology adoption in the public sector, as well as to give insights into the foundations of data quality management. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 31-41 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1258025 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1258025 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:1:p:31-41 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1258026_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Sharon Rudansky-Kloppers Author-X-Name-First: Sharon Author-X-Name-Last: Rudansky-Kloppers Title: Key factors influencing the online buying decision when purchasing products in specific product categories Abstract: Online shopping in South Africa is at least five years behind that in developed countries and online retailers need to adapt their online presence and offerings in order to elevate their position over competitors. This study explores the key factors influencing the online buying decision when purchasing products in specific product categories in the Gauteng province in South Africa. Questionnaires were completed by 111 respondents and descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used to analyse the results. The online product categories investigated included gifts, books, education products/services, entertainment, air tickets, software/games, electronics, clothes and CDs/DVDs/Videos. It emerged that certain factors were key influencers when buying specific products. Important factors for electronics, for instance are online information and negative experience with shopping offline. The findings of the research can assist online retailers to make the online buying process easier and to increase the preference for online buying of their products in South Africa. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 43-54 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1258026 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1258026 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:1:p:43-54 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1262100_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Adeyemi Adeboje Author-X-Name-First: Adeyemi Author-X-Name-Last: Adeboje Author-Name: Williams Kupolati Author-X-Name-First: Williams Author-X-Name-Last: Kupolati Author-Name: Emmanuel Sadiku Author-X-Name-First: Emmanuel Author-X-Name-Last: Sadiku Author-Name: Julius Ndambuki Author-X-Name-First: Julius Author-X-Name-Last: Ndambuki Author-Name: Chewe Kambole Author-X-Name-First: Chewe Author-X-Name-Last: Kambole Author-Name: Oladapo Ogunleye Author-X-Name-First: Oladapo Author-X-Name-Last: Ogunleye Title: Stabilization of lateritic soil with pulverized palm kernel shell (PPKS) for road construction Abstract: This paper discusses the stabilization of lateritic soil with pulverized palm kernel shell (PPKS), an agricultural waste, for road construction. Samples of lateritic soil with the addition of 5.00–12.50% PPKS at an increment of 2.50% were prepared for index and strength tests. The lateritic soil had a liquid limit, plastic limit and plasticity index of 36.00, 26.18 and 9.82% respectively. The control sample with 0% PPKS has low plasticity and may not be liable to shrinkage or cracking. The specific gravity (SG) of the lateritic soil and PPKS are 2.67 and 2.84 respectively. Maximum dry density (MDD) of the lateritic soil increased from 1.76–1.94 kN/m3 for 0–12.50% PPKS. There was a reduction in the optimum moisture content (OMC) of the lateritic soil from 14.69–12.65% for 5–12.50% PPKS. Addition of 12.5% PPKS increased the soaked California bearing ratio (CBR) of lateritic soil by 121% from 24–53%. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) value increased from 46.69–127.98 kN/m² by 174% for 0–12.50% PPKS. The strength properties of the lateritic soil improved with the addition of PPKS. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 55-60 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1262100 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1262100 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:1:p:55-60 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1263435_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Sunday Samuel Sobowale Author-X-Name-First: Sunday Samuel Author-X-Name-Last: Sobowale Author-Name: Moruf Olanrewaju Oke Author-X-Name-First: Moruf Olanrewaju Author-X-Name-Last: Oke Author-Name: Lukumon Ayinde Odunmbaku Author-X-Name-First: Lukumon Ayinde Author-X-Name-Last: Odunmbaku Author-Name: Oluwafemi Ayodeji Adebo Author-X-Name-First: Oluwafemi Ayodeji Author-X-Name-Last: Adebo Title: Equilibrium sorption isotherms of Moringa oleifera leaves at different temperatures Abstract: Adsorption and desorption isotherms for Moringa oleifera leaves were investigated using concentrated H2SO4 solutions to vary the micro-climate over different temperatures (27, 32, 37°C) and water activity (aw) (0.1–0.8). Plots of equilibrium moisture content (EMC) against aw were used to generate isotherm curves, local isotherm (Li) concept and stability. The experimental data obtained were compared with four widely recommended models in the literature for food sorption isotherms [GAB, modified GAB (MGAB), modified Oswin (MOE) and OSWIN models]. Results obtained showed that the moisture sorption isotherms were sigmoidal in shape and were influenced by temperature. The four sorption models adequately predicted the adsorption and desorption isotherms for Moringa oleifera leaves at the evaluated temperatures, with R2 values between 0.980 and 0.998. The sequence in which the evaluated models effectively fitted the moisture sorption, were GAB, MGAB, MOE and OSWIN models, with GAB being the best. While the GAB model was most suitable for fitting the adsorption [Mean square error (MSE = 183.08), standard error of estimate (SEE = 549.24), R2 = 0.980)], MGAB was better for desorption isotherm [(MSE = 141.950), SSE = 425.86), R2 = 0.998] of Moringa oleifera leaves under practical storage temperature and water activity used in this study. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 61-68 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1263435 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1263435 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:1:p:61-68 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1263436_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Yvonne Maphosa Author-X-Name-First: Yvonne Author-X-Name-Last: Maphosa Author-Name: Victoria A. Jideani Author-X-Name-First: Victoria A. Author-X-Name-Last: Jideani Author-Name: Oladayo Adeyi Author-X-Name-First: Oladayo Author-X-Name-Last: Adeyi Title: Effect of soluble dietary fibres from Bambara groundnut varieties on the stability of orange oil beverage emulsion Abstract: Soluble dietary fibres (SDFs) [30% (w/w)] from four varieties of Bambara groundnut (BGN), viz. black-eye, brown-eye, brown and red were used to stabilize orange oil beverage emulsions at 6% (w/w) orange oil. Emulsion stability was studied using Turbiscan MA 2000 and in terms of oil-droplet size characterization. The volume-surface mean diameter (d3,2) and equivalent volume-mean diameter (d4,3) of the four emulsions ranged between 2.68–4.38 µm and 17.09–18.62 µm, respectively. Emulsions stabilized with black-eye-SDF and brown-SDF possessed the least and highest d3,2 and d4,3, respectively. The d3,2 and d4,3 of all four emulsions were significantly (p < 0.05) different. Emulsions were relatively stable to creaming and destabilized mainly by phenomenon involving oil-droplet aggregation. The backscattering flux of the emulsions ranged from 72.9% (brown-SDF stabilized emulsion) to 85.0% (black-eye-SDF stabilized emulsion). All four BGN SDFs greatly indicated their potential in stabilizing beverage emulsions. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 69-76 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1263436 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1263436 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:1:p:69-76 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1269458_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Fitsum K. Mammo Author-X-Name-First: Fitsum K. Author-X-Name-Last: Mammo Author-Name: Viresh Mohanlall Author-X-Name-First: Viresh Author-X-Name-Last: Mohanlall Author-Name: Francis O. Shode Author-X-Name-First: Francis O. Author-X-Name-Last: Shode Title: Gunnera perpensa L.: A multi-use ethnomedicinal plant species in South Africa Abstract: Gunnera perpensa L. is a medicinal plant used in many parts of South Africa to treat several human ailments. G. perpensa is inherited from and linked to the Siswati, Changana, Sotho, Venda, Shona, Tsonga, and Zulu traditional healing systems, particularly in South African provinces where the plant species is still found in the wild. G. perpensa is declining considerably throughout its natural habitat due to over-exploitation of the plant for its medicinal uses. This review aims to gather the fragmented information on the past and present ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of G. perpensa. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 77-83 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1269458 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1269458 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:1:p:77-83 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1269459_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: L. L. Mugivhisa Author-X-Name-First: L. L. Author-X-Name-Last: Mugivhisa Author-Name: J. O. Olowoyo Author-X-Name-First: J. O. Author-X-Name-Last: Olowoyo Author-Name: D. Mzimba Author-X-Name-First: D. Author-X-Name-Last: Mzimba Title: Perceptions on organic farming and selected organic fertilizers by subsistence farmers in Ga-Rankuwa, Pretoria, South Africa Abstract: Organic farming, which is a form of alternative or sustainable agriculture, makes a major contribution to the improvement of food security globally through recycling of natural resources. This study assessed 60 subsistence farmers’ perceptions of organic farming. Descriptive statistical analyses of randomly selected subsistence farmers indicated that the majority of respondents (80.0%) had previous knowledge of organic farming but had failed to practise it because they could not afford it. In addition, they thought organic fertilizers, such as dry sewage, human faeces and human urine were unacceptable because of their smell, their unhygienic nature and the respondents’ fear of disease epidemics. The female respondents’ order of decreasing preference for organic fertilizers was animal droppings > animal urine > human faeces > sewage > human urine, whereas for males it was chicken droppings > cow dung > animal urine > sewage and human urine > human faeces. Respondents with no high school education regarded chicken droppings most positively as an organic fertilizer (93.2%), followed by cow dung (84.1%), animal urine (66.0%) and human urine (27.3%), whereas the majority of respondents with tertiary education preferred sewage and human faeces as organic fertilizers. Fifty per cent of the respondents showed a willingness to convert to organic farming, dependent on the availability of information and education. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 85-91 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1269459 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1269459 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:1:p:85-91 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1269460_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Roger van Rensburg Author-X-Name-First: Roger Author-X-Name-Last: van Rensburg Author-Name: Nico Steyn Author-X-Name-First: Nico Author-X-Name-Last: Steyn Author-Name: Lambert Trénoras Author-X-Name-First: Lambert Author-X-Name-Last: Trénoras Author-Name: Yskandar Hamam Author-X-Name-First: Yskandar Author-X-Name-Last: Hamam Author-Name: Eric Monacelli Author-X-Name-First: Eric Author-X-Name-Last: Monacelli Title: Stability and enhancement analysis of a modelled self-balancing verticalized mobility aid using optimal control techniques Abstract: This research comprises an analytical study of the Gyrolift, a new type of robotic wheelchair mobility aid adapted from the Segway self-balancing human transporter, and suggests additional contributions to its development. The Gyrolift is equipped with an agility module that uses a verticalization system designed to assist users to reach a standing position. The verticalization system aids users with reduced mobility but with adequate control of their upper limbs to stand up from a seated position inside the stability constraints of the transporter. It allows users to safely maintain the standing position while moving to interact with the environment and access objects at elevated levels. The contribution of this research resides in an analysis of the stability performance of the verticalized self-balancing transporter system, through model-based design and the utilization of optimal control techniques. The control strategies developed could improve future designs of this type of self-balancing transporter system in terms of stability and enhanced disturbance rejection, thereby providing overall and reliable robustness. The results indicate that an alteration to the self-balancing transporter by integrating a verticalization chair will degrade the Gyrolift’s stability margins. The results further reveal disturbances that may cause instability, and an enhanced actuating system to improve stability performance is thus proposed. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 93-109 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1269460 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1269460 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:1:p:93-109 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1269461_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: M. K. O. Ayomoh Author-X-Name-First: M. K. O. Author-X-Name-Last: Ayomoh Author-Name: K. A. Abou-El-Hossein Author-X-Name-First: K. A. Author-X-Name-Last: Abou-El-Hossein Author-Name: O. A. Olufayo Author-X-Name-First: O. A. Author-X-Name-Last: Olufayo Title: Model for cutting force prediction in high precision single-point diamond turning of optical silicon Abstract: This paper presents a mathematical model predicated on a finite series convergent scheme and derivative functions of multi-variants obtained from a cutting force constitutive equation for onward prediction of the maximum cutting force at the tip of a single-point diamond tool (SPDT). The three variants amidst other parameters in the model include the tool length, width and strain effect. The model basically operates under two components, namely the dynamic and predictive components. Prior to the predictive analysis, cutting experiments were carried out using an ultra-high precision machine to diamond-turn units of single-crystal silicon workpiece. Results from nine experimental trials are presented. Other supporting devices deployed for signal monitoring and conditioning include the use of a Kistler force sensor, an analog-digital (AD) sensor for data acquisition and an amplifier unit for signals. The cutting parameters adopted for the experimental process includes depth of cut, feed rate and cutting speed. The simulation interval for the investigation of the cutting force was fixed at intervals of 1 mm from the point of sensor insert to the tip of the tool. The dynamical response of the proposed algorithm to each experimental trial, as seen in the displayed results, shows a trend commensurate to the geometry of the diamond-cutting tool and stiffness of the machined material. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 111-120 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1269461 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1269461 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:1:p:111-120 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1269462_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Edlyne E. Anugwom Author-X-Name-First: Edlyne E. Author-X-Name-Last: Anugwom Author-Name: Eddie Igbokwe Author-X-Name-First: Eddie Author-X-Name-Last: Igbokwe Author-Name: Noble Nweze Author-X-Name-First: Noble Author-X-Name-Last: Nweze Title: Community-level institutions in the management of palm-forest resources in Southeastern Nigeria Abstract: The study examined the role of community-level institutions in the management of palm-forest resources in Southeastern Nigeria. Southeastern Nigeria is undoubtedly the palm-forest and palm oil belt of Nigeria where these resources have been managed for at least the last 100 years on an on individual and a community basis. Using a survey research approach, this study focused on three large communities in three states in the Southeastern region and discovered widespread usage of community-level institutions in the management of palm-forest resources as well as a set of socio-cultural norms and practices regarding access to and exploitation of palm-forest resources. However, while we discovered that these community-level institutions were both effective and conducive to sustainable exploitation of these resources, we also found that these institutions are not particularly bothered with either promoting or encouraging new investments in palm-forest resources. Therefore, there is need to harness these institutions for optimal and sustainable exploitation of palm-forest resources while calling their attention to the need for new investments in palm-forest resources in their communities. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 121-130 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1269462 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1269462 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:1:p:121-130 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1269463_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Supratim Biswas Author-X-Name-First: Supratim Author-X-Name-Last: Biswas Author-Name: Suparna Chakraborty Author-X-Name-First: Suparna Author-X-Name-Last: Chakraborty Author-Name: Antoine F. Mulaba-Bafubiandi Author-X-Name-First: Antoine F. Author-X-Name-Last: Mulaba-Bafubiandi Title: Optimization of copper nanoparticle biosynthesis process using aqueous extract of Andrographis paniculata Abstract: The competency of aqueous extract of Andrographis paniculata (kalmegh) to reduce copper nitrate for the biosynthesis of copper nanoparticle (CuNPs) was investigated. The experiments were set up according to the design of experiment technique and the results were analyzed for optimization of experimental parameters using response surface methodology centred Box–Behnken design. The size of the spherical shaped copper nanoparticles ranged between 8 to 20 nm. The linear effects of the process parameters as well as their interactions were statistically significant. Antimicrobial activity against both gram positive/negative bacteria were excellently exhibited by the nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were found quite efficient as photocatalysts turning out to be an encouraging advancement towards removal of precarious dye from industrial discharges initiating the ecological detoxification. Almost, 90% degradation of methylene blue dye was detected within 140 minutes using CuNPs. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 131-138 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1269463 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1269463 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:1:p:131-138 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1256595_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Anasua Mukherjee Das Author-X-Name-First: Anasua Author-X-Name-Last: Mukherjee Das Title: Understanding the dynamics of Indian higher education Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 139-140 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1256595 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1256595 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:1:p:139-140 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1269866_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Thomas Woodson Author-X-Name-First: Thomas Author-X-Name-Last: Woodson Title: Managing Global Innovation: Frameworks for Integrating Capabilities around the World Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 140-142 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1269866 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1269866 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:1:p:140-142 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_902562_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Emmanuel M. Akpabio Author-X-Name-First: Emmanuel M. Author-X-Name-Last: Akpabio Author-Name: Idorenyin F. Esikot Author-X-Name-First: Idorenyin F. Author-X-Name-Last: Esikot Title: Social sciences and research ethics in developing countries: The perspective from Nigeria Abstract: This study seeks to show how social science-related disciplines in Nigerian universities understand and incorporate ethical principles in research settings within the framework of general institutional practices. We used the University of Uyo, Nigeria, to specifically and empirically explore these issues among academic staff and postgraduate students. We used in-depth discussions and interviews, in addition to analysis of secondary record to collect necessary data. Findings show that individual ethical knowledge and consideration in a research setting is not optimal. At institutional level, ethical principles and norms are only weakly observed in teaching and administrative settings and hardly internalised in research settings. A lack of institutional capacity to evolve functional mechanisms for ethical discipline was observed and blamed on the society-wide poor commitment to moral values and the development of the education system in Nigeria. Given the exploratory nature of the study, there is need for more research. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 231-241 Issue: 4 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.902562 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.902562 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:4:p:231-241 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_902563_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ephraim Daka Author-X-Name-First: Ephraim Author-X-Name-Last: Daka Author-Name: Hannes Toivanen Author-X-Name-First: Hannes Author-X-Name-Last: Toivanen Title: Innovation, the informal economy and development: The case of Zambia Abstract: National systems of innovation have been serving as the conceptual framework and vehicle to address poverty and national competitiveness in developing countries. Zambia has been building its NSI since 1964, but the existing system suffers from serious shortcomings related to an insufficient conceptually inclusive framework and the absence of direct and concrete pro-poor innovation policy instruments. The system lacks strong interactive dynamics and suffers from weak governance. Zambia has also followed an export-driven industrial economy, but the expected knowledge spill-over gains from large mining operations have not been realised. The paper examines national innovation strategies by emphasising the importance of the informal sector and the potential for innovation at grass-roots level. It examines the evolution of science and technology policies by highlighting how the excluded areas can be included. The absence of pro-poor innovation and lack of inclusive policies are highlighted as factors contributing to low productivity and socioeconomic imbalances. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 243-251 Issue: 4 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.902563 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.902563 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:4:p:243-251 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_924265_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Maruf Sanni Author-X-Name-First: Maruf Author-X-Name-Last: Sanni Author-Name: Oluwatosin G Oladipo Author-X-Name-First: Oluwatosin G Author-X-Name-Last: Oladipo Author-Name: Ibikunle O Ogundari Author-X-Name-First: Ibikunle O Author-X-Name-Last: Ogundari Author-Name: O Titilayo Aladesanmi Author-X-Name-First: O Titilayo Author-X-Name-Last: Aladesanmi Title: Adopting latecomers' strategies for the development of renewable energy technology in Africa Abstract: The overall objective of this paper is to develop strategies on how renewable energy technology could be used to abate climate change impacts in Africa. While assessing the potential impacts of climate change in Africa, the paper asserts that renewable energy is capable of overcoming the challenges of energy access in Africa as a result of the abundance of land, water and feedstocks. It reiterates the fact that the fossil-fuel-dependent industrialisation pathway is not sustainable. The paper develops a model for African countries based on the concept of a latecomer strategy, which could be used to catch up with advanced countries in the manufacturing and diffusion of clean energy technologies. The paper concludes that renewable energy technology is not just another option for the continent but the only option. More importantly, the adoption of the strategy will enable African countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and contribute to a cleaner atmosphere in their cities. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 253-263 Issue: 4 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.924265 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.924265 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:4:p:253-263 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_945391_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Rudzani A. Makhado Author-X-Name-First: Rudzani A. Author-X-Name-Last: Makhado Author-Name: Amani T. Saidi Author-X-Name-First: Amani T. Author-X-Name-Last: Saidi Author-Name: Phumudzo P. Tshikhudo Author-X-Name-First: Phumudzo P. Author-X-Name-Last: Tshikhudo Title: Optimising drought adaptation by small-scale farmers in southern Africa through integration of indigenous and technologically-driven practices Abstract: This paper reviews and synthesises research-based literature on drought adaptation practices among small-scale farmers in southern Africa. The paper reviews the existing literature in order to identify ways in which small-scale poor farmers in southern Africa adapt to the effects of drought. The paper further presents some constraints that limit small-scale farmers from adopting technologically-driven drought adaptation practices. The main message of this paper is that neither indigenous nor technologically-driven practices should be seen as panacea on their own, but integrating the two sets of practices could optimise adaptation by small-scale farmers. The material presented in this paper could be helpful to researchers, development planners and policy makers in their quest towards finding means of enhancing drought adaptation practices by small-scale farmers. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 265-273 Issue: 4 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.945391 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.945391 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:4:p:265-273 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_947195_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Emmanuel Seye Owoeye Author-X-Name-First: Emmanuel Seye Author-X-Name-Last: Owoeye Author-Name: Samuel Babatope Adejuyigbe Author-X-Name-First: Samuel Babatope Author-X-Name-Last: Adejuyigbe Author-Name: Bukola Olalekan Bolaji Author-X-Name-First: Bukola Olalekan Author-X-Name-Last: Bolaji Author-Name: A.F. Adekoya Author-X-Name-First: A.F. Author-X-Name-Last: Adekoya Title: Computerised inventory management for a manufacturing industry: A case study in Nigeria Abstract: Various authors have suggested that the cost of purchasing and holding inventory can account for as much as 60%–80% of the total cost of a product or service. Usually, only some of the inventory (about 10%) contributes to 70%–80% of locked up inventory or has 70%–80% consumption value or their availability is vital for maintenance of the manufacturing process. Hence, the need for an effective and efficient inventory management is germane to any manufacturing industry. This paper presents the software, ‘manInvent’, an interactive system developed using visual basic 6.0, with a view to reduce manual interaction with the inventory management of a Nigerian manufacturing industry. Working with 5 years’ production data for the industry, the objective of the software ‘manInvent’ was validated with respect to the manual inventory system of the industry, and the result is shown. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 275-279 Issue: 4 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.947195 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.947195 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:4:p:275-279 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_947196_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Tarisai Manyati Author-X-Name-First: Tarisai Author-X-Name-Last: Manyati Title: Innovation through knowledge sharing: Evidence from the informal sector in Harare, Zimbabwe Abstract: This research sought to establish how knowledge is circulated among the informal sector innovators who develop innovations in the manufacture of de-haulers, an agricultural technology used to thresh seed. Questionnaires, in-depth interviews and observation methods were used in collecting the data for this study. The study findings obtained from this study indicate that small-scale farmer feedback loops and knowledge transfers occur in the development of innovation. The study concludes that innovation in the manufacture of de-haulers is enabled by knowledge fusion sharing involving both close and casual relationships among informal innovators, formal sector manufacturers and small-scale farmers. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 281-288 Issue: 4 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.947196 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.947196 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:4:p:281-288 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_947198_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Kassahun Y. Kebede Author-X-Name-First: Kassahun Y. Author-X-Name-Last: Kebede Author-Name: Toshio Mitsufuji Author-X-Name-First: Toshio Author-X-Name-Last: Mitsufuji Author-Name: Eugene K. Choi Author-X-Name-First: Eugene K. Author-X-Name-Last: Choi Title: Looking for innovation system builders: A case of Solar Energy Foundation in Ethiopia Abstract: The global diffusion of renewable energy technology (RET) has been sluggish, and as a result governmental support and policy interventions have been required. In this paper, we empirically investigated an innovation system building practice of an organisation engaged in the diffusion of solar home systems in developing countries. The study shows how a technological innovation system (TIS) can be built from scratch by a key actor in a developing country setting. Besides making a scholarly contribution to the TIS literature by proposing a system building framework, the study outlines required policy interventions mainly in looking for, promoting, and enhancing practices of system builders for RET diffusion in less developed economies. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 289-300 Issue: 4 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.947198 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.947198 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:4:p:289-300 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_947200_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Kate B. Showers Author-X-Name-First: Kate B. Author-X-Name-Last: Showers Title: Europe's long history of extracting African renewable energy: Contexts for African scientists, technologists, innovators and policy-makers Abstract: Having failed to identify local energy supplies compliant with Kyoto Protocol obligations, the EU turned to Africa in the 21st C. According to definition, the term ‘renewable energy’ source equally describes slaves, forests and rivers. Environmental history analysis demonstrates the 1) poverty of economic analysis; 2) inadequacies of short-term and local check-list style of environmental impact assessment; and 3) parallels between the social violence of the trans-Atlantic slave trade and the environmental violence of conventional renewable energy technologies. Technological innovation and development enabled separation of electricity production from its use, obscuring social and environmental effects. Neo-liberal economics’ shift in electricity's definition from public good to commodity promoted gigantic environmental interventions with complex and unanticipated consequences. The 21st C requires more nuanced evaluation by Africans of energy production technologies and export policies, while Europeans make concerted efforts to control - and reduce - demand. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 301-313 Issue: 4 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.947200 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.947200 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:4:p:301-313 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_966027_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: John Trimble Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Trimble Author-Name: Harry Keeling Author-X-Name-First: Harry Author-X-Name-Last: Keeling Title: Socially relevant computing curriculum innovation Abstract: This paper is based on curriculum development over the past ten years that includes work at Howard University as well as universities in Zimbabwe, South Africa and Rwanda. The focus is the development of the computing discipline in a people-centered manner. The methodology used defined a theoretical justification and an organisational approach. The theoretical justification consists of a philosophical component that seeks to clarify ‘what is’ socially relevant computing and an ideological component that seeks to link socially relevant computing to the social and economic interests of a broad population. The organisational approach is multidimensional, crossing educational levels, educational institutions and professional organisations. Two (National Science Foundation funded) socially relevant computing workshops are examined as part of this effort. This paper details the process of advancing socially relevant computing as well as the impact this process is having on lecturers as well as students. Recommendations for extending these efforts are an essential component of this paper. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 315-321 Issue: 4 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.966027 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.966027 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:4:p:315-321 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_966035_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Letícia Sarmento dos Muchangos Author-X-Name-First: Letícia Sarmento Author-X-Name-Last: dos Muchangos Author-Name: Yuanyuan Liu Author-X-Name-First: Yuanyuan Author-X-Name-Last: Liu Author-Name: Baizhan Li Author-X-Name-First: Baizhan Author-X-Name-Last: Li Title: Comparative study on municipal solid waste management systems of Maputo City, Mozambique and Chongqing City, China Abstract: The Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) system in Maputo City, Mozambique, presents several flaws and challenges mainly related to limited financial, human and material resources, as well as low public awareness and participation. This is a South–South comparison study between Maputo City and Chongqing City, PR China, regarding their MSWM systems, in order to identify improvement opportunities for Maputo from Chongqing experiences. Three components of the system are the focus of the study: management authorities; waste stream, processes and infrastructures; and waste household generators. Improvement proposals include: switch to a decentralised institutional structure approach, lean towards a financially sustainable management authority with capable human resources, improve and adopt adequate techniques to handle, treat and finally dispose of the waste, and take active and comprehensive measures to increase public awareness and participation levels. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 323-331 Issue: 4 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.966035 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.966035 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:4:p:323-331 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_966038_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Raphael M. Jingura Author-X-Name-First: Raphael M. Author-X-Name-Last: Jingura Author-Name: Reckson Kamusoko Author-X-Name-First: Reckson Author-X-Name-Last: Kamusoko Title: Experiences with Jatropha cultivation in sub-Saharan Africa: Lessons for the next phase of development Abstract: Jatropha curcas L. has emerged in recent times as a leading energy crop in sub-Saharan Africa with over 32 countries in the region involved in its production. The establishment of Jatropha has not been without challenges and has arguably been driven by crop-suitability factors that have been put to test in the last decade. The objective of this paper is to provide an analysis of the performance of Jatropha as an energy crop, benchmarking on the plant's acclaimed attributes. The paper analyses information originating from sub-Saharan Africa and examines the performance of the crop. The results show that current agronomic practices and performance levels of Jatropha in terms of seed yield (< 1 t/ha−1) are inadequate and unlikely to lead to production of sufficient quantities of seed for biodiesel production. Not enough has been done in the region in terms of research and use of information extrapolated from other environments has not been adequate. The conclusion is that much work still needs to be done in terms of developing suitable germplasm and agronomic practices for Jatropha. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 333-337 Issue: 4 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.966038 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.966038 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:4:p:333-337 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_966039_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Oluwaseun Kolade Author-X-Name-First: Oluwaseun Author-X-Name-Last: Kolade Author-Name: Trudy Harpham Author-X-Name-First: Trudy Author-X-Name-Last: Harpham Author-Name: Gaim Kibreab Author-X-Name-First: Gaim Author-X-Name-Last: Kibreab Title: Institutional barriers to successful innovations: Perceptions of rural farmers and key stakeholders in southwest Nigeria Abstract: Diffusion studies in sub-Saharan Africa have typically focused on the impact of traditional adoption factors on uptake of technological innovations. This study draws on semi-structured interviews of rural farmers and in-depth interviews of stakeholders in southwest Nigeria to examine the impact of institutional factors on the success of technological innovations. The findings indicate that government policies, markets, financial institutions, infrastructure and other institutional conditions play significant role on the success of technological innovations. A successful innovation package should integrate institutional reforms with promotion of innovative inputs, and vibrant farmers’ cooperatives can be at the heart of such agrarian reform. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 339-353 Issue: 4 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.966039 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.966039 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:4:p:339-353 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_966042_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Sharon Groenmeyer Author-X-Name-First: Sharon Author-X-Name-Last: Groenmeyer Title: Confronting stereotypes in the fishing industry in post-apartheid South Africa: A case study of women on the West Coast in the Western Cape, South Africa Abstract: Drawing on research conducted in fish processing and allied industries, the women in this study engage in shoreline activities collecting mussels, red bait, shellfish, seaweed; catching crayfish and fish or cleaning fish and mending nets. Women's role in fishing is a source of sustainable livelihood for the inhabitants of the fishing villages of Paternoster and Saldanha Bay on the West Coast, one hundred and forty kilometres from Cape Town. Like many coastal communities in South Africa, these villages have a long history of harvesting marine resources such as fish, shellfish, rock lobster or crayfish for their livelihood. The paper focuses on how women confront gender stereotyping in fishing and how social policies like affirmative action and employment equity impact on women in a democratising South Africa. The paper also highlights ways that women in fish processing innovate and develop strategies to cope with gender-related workplace problems in the industry. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 355-366 Issue: 4 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.966042 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.966042 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:4:p:355-366 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_895486_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Jung Yong Kim Author-X-Name-First: Jung Author-X-Name-Last: Yong Kim Title: Materials science, technology and innovation in sub-Saharan Africa Abstract: In Ethiopia, the first Materials Engineering Department was inaugurated at Adama Science and Technology University in 2013. The department, pursuing world-class excellence both in teaching and research, will strongly contribute to Materials Science, Technology and Innovation (STI)-led industrialisation in Ethiopia. To this end, Korea's Pohang University of Science and Technology, and Techno Peace Corps have served as our global partners through Official Development Assistance (ODA) supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea, an approach which is in line with the United Nation's Millennium Development Goals. Overall, the STI-ODA is considered to be an effective strategy for sustainable development in sub-Saharan Africa. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 367-368 Issue: 4 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.895486 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.895486 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:4:p:367-368 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_782141_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Fred Gault Author-X-Name-First: Fred Author-X-Name-Last: Gault Title: Innovative Africa: The New Face of Africa, Essays on the Rise of Africa's Innovation Age. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 95-96 Issue: 1 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.782141 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.782141 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:1:p:95-96 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_782151_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Yong D. Ngondjeb Author-X-Name-First: Yong D. Author-X-Name-Last: Ngondjeb Title: Agriculture and Climate Change in Cameroon: An Assessment of Impacts and Adaptation Options Abstract: This study aims to assess the economic impact of climate change on crop farming activities in the Sudano-Sahelian Area of Cameroon. The study uses the Ricardian model and is based on farm data generated from a survey carried out in the framework of the ESA (Water-Soil-Tree) project between 2008 and 2009 on producers in 10 villages of the Lake Lagdo watershed. The results from this analysis indicate that an annual increase in temperature will have a negative impact on irrigated and dry land farms in the area. However, the marginal impact of increasing precipitation will increase crop revenue for dry land farms. The findings generally provide an idea about increasing temperature and decreasing precipitation that are detrimental to agricultural productivity. The above analyses show the magnitude and direction of the economic impact of climate change on agriculture. These findings also suggest that Cameroon should begin to plan for climate contingencies. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 85-94 Issue: 1 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.782151 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.782151 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:1:p:85-94 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_782140_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mats Hårsmar Author-X-Name-First: Mats Author-X-Name-Last: Hårsmar Title: Relations Key to Innovations – Peasants, Institutions and Technical Change on the Mossi Plateau in Burkina Faso Abstract: How can technical changes within food crop cultivation in a country like Burkina Faso be explained? This is an important question for the reduction of poverty, for enhanced food security as well as for economic growth. Poor countries, where agriculture is dominating broad based economic growth, require increased productivity in food crop cultivation. This study builds on fieldwork from three villages, undertaken in 2001/2002 and in 2010. The villages are situated on the ‘Mossi plateau’ in central Burkina Faso, where chronic poverty is widespread. The study finds the character of diffusion channels and the role of social relations to be decisive in explaining access, choice and adoption of new techniques. The innovation system theory is found relevant, not least because of its focus on power structures and relations between actors. To further strengthen such systems, intermediary organizations should be supported and informal institutions transformed. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 5-18 Issue: 1 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.782140 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.782140 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:1:p:5-18 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_782145_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: O. Jegede Author-X-Name-First: O. Author-X-Name-Last: Jegede Author-Name: M. Ilori Author-X-Name-First: M. Author-X-Name-Last: Ilori Author-Name: J. Sonibare Author-X-Name-First: J. Author-X-Name-Last: Sonibare Author-Name: B. Oluwale Author-X-Name-First: B. Author-X-Name-Last: Oluwale Author-Name: W. Siyanbola Author-X-Name-First: W. Author-X-Name-Last: Siyanbola Title: Knowledge Sharing and Innovation as it affects the Local Content in the Oil and Gas Industry in Nigeria Abstract: This study assessed the factors hampering innovation and knowledge sharing in indigenous oil and gas firms in Nigeria. The aim was to provide information that will increase knowledge sharing among the indigenous in the sector and create added value, which is needed to improve the local content within the industry. The study used primary and secondary data sources. One hundred firms were sampled. A structured questionnaire was administered to the firms. This was supplemented with field observations and interviews. A total of 100 questionnaires were administered to heads of production and engineering departments in the firms with a 70% response rate. Secondary data were obtained from published sources. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics. The study found that the challenge of innovation centred on high costs, lack of skilled personnel, especially in their R&D departments and poor economic conditions in the country. However, an estimated 30% of the firms were innovation active in the period 2001 to 2010. The reasons why these firms innovated were to take advantage of new technology, lower production costs and to stake out market position while competing with their foreign counterparts. The study also found that the principal initiators of innovation in the firms included information from the parent firm (for those that operated as subsidiaries), competitors, clients/customers and suppliers. The study concluded by providing policy recommendations that would increase indigenous participation in the industry while stating clearly what roles the industry, government and academia will play to achieve Nigeria's desired local content status. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 31-38 Issue: 1 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.782145 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.782145 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:1:p:31-38 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_782143_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Solomon Khale Author-X-Name-First: Solomon Author-X-Name-Last: Khale Author-Name: Zeleke Worku Author-X-Name-First: Zeleke Author-X-Name-Last: Worku Title: Factors that Affect Municipal Service Delivery in Gauteng and North West Provinces of South Africa Abstract: This study attempts to identify and quantify factors that affect service delivery by local government counsellors in the Gauteng and North-West provinces. The study is based on a stratified random sample of size n=300 respondents. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods were used for data collection and analysis in the study. The study showed that overall satisfaction with the quality of services provided at the two sites of study (Tshwane District and Madibeng municipalities) was influenced by similar factors based on results obtained from data analysis. This shows that there was no significant difference between the residents of Tshwane District and Madibeng municipalities with regards to expectations from service providers and elected officials who are responsible for the delivery of municipal services. Significant results obtained from Pearson's chi-square tests of associations (P=0.000) showed that young men protesting about the poor quality of services in urban and semi-urban areas were characterized by low levels of household income (below 10,000 Rand per month), inability to find employment opportunities, low level of formal education (below matric level), young age (below 30 years of age), and poor level of artisan skills. Results obtained from binary logistic regression analysis showed that dissatisfaction with the quality of services provided by elected counsellors was significantly influenced by four factors. These four factors were: (1) low household income [OR = 9.03; P = 0.000; 95% CI = (3.55, 22.36)]; (2) unemployment [OR = 7.11; P = 0.000; 95% CI = (2.34, 19.87)]; (3) poor education [OR = 5.47; P = 0.001; 95% CI = (2.08, 11.39)]; and (4) young age [OR = 3.01; P = 0.003; 95% CI = (1.86, 8.63)], in a decreasing order of strength. The study showed that although sufficient resources were provided by the local municipalities for service delivery, the resources allocated for service delivery were not effectively utilized mostly due to lack of skills, poor spending capacity, lack of transparency and accountability by service providers to the various communities. A recommendation has been made to the local municipalities in Tshwane District and Madibeng to establish comprehensive monitoring and evaluation mechanisms in order to ensure the delivery of adequate services. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 61-70 Issue: 1 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.782143 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.782143 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:1:p:61-70 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_782144_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Moses Mefika Sithole Author-X-Name-First: Moses Author-X-Name-Last: Mefika Sithole Author-Name: Cheryl Moses Author-X-Name-First: Cheryl Author-X-Name-Last: Moses Author-Name: Yul Derek Davids Author-X-Name-First: Yul Author-X-Name-Last: Derek Davids Author-Name: Saahier Parker Author-X-Name-First: Saahier Author-X-Name-Last: Parker Author-Name: Julien Rumbelow Author-X-Name-First: Julien Author-X-Name-Last: Rumbelow Author-Name: Neo Molotja Author-X-Name-First: Neo Author-X-Name-Last: Molotja Author-Name: Demetre Labadarios Author-X-Name-First: Demetre Author-X-Name-Last: Labadarios Title: Extent of Access to Information and Communications Technology by the Rural Population of South Africa Abstract: This paper investigates the trends in access to Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in rural compared to the urban areas of South Africa. Using data from the South African Social Attitudes Survey (SASAS) covering the period from 2003 to 2009, the study found that access to both the ‘older’ and the ‘newer’ forms of ICTs has remained significantly lower (P < 0.001) in rural areas compared to urban areas. The paper then examines these trends in the context of the Department of Science and Technology's (DST) policies and strategies on the diffusion of science and technology in South Africa. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 71-84 Issue: 1 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.782144 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.782144 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:1:p:71-84 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_782149_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Latif Dramani Author-X-Name-First: Latif Author-X-Name-Last: Dramani Title: Emigrant's Transfers in Senegal: The Role of ICT Abstract: In 2011, remittances from Senegalese migrants constituted 86%1 of the funds required for the daily survival of recipient households. In this paper, we try to analyse the role of ICT in Senegalese emigrant's transfers through its impact on the household's welfare. Using a multinomial logit model, and a quantile regression, we measure the propensity of households to increase their well-being due to ICT use for fund transfers. Well-being is identified through an indicator that divides households into quantiles based on the volume of funds received in one year from emigrants and their living conditions. The results show that, firstly, the well-being of households is influenced by the degree of ICT use, and secondly, the degree of ICT use influences the frequency of the funds sent. These results suggest that private investment in ICT should be encouraged, especially in local communities, so that the technology is nearer to the populations. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 39-51 Issue: 1 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.782149 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.782149 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:1:p:39-51 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_782147_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Noômen Lahimer Author-X-Name-First: Noômen Author-X-Name-Last: Lahimer Author-Name: Soumendra Dash Author-X-Name-First: Soumendra Author-X-Name-Last: Dash Author-Name: Mahjouba Zaiter Author-X-Name-First: Mahjouba Author-X-Name-Last: Zaiter Title: Does Microfinance Promote Entrepreneurship and Innovation? A Macro Analysis Abstract: Innovative entrepreneurs in Africa experience a lack of financial support and underdeveloped financial systems. Microfinance could offer a solution to this complex issue. In this respect, this research paper studies the contribution of microfinance to the innovation process through entrepreneurship. The study first reviews the effect of microfinance on opportunity-driven entrepreneurship and necessity-driven entrepreneurship. Second, it investigates the relationship between entrepreneurship and innovation. According to the literature, opportunity-driven entrepreneurship is more associated with different forms of innovation than necessity-driven entrepreneurship. Using pooled ordinary least squares (OLS) and random effects techniques on an unbalanced panel of 45 countries, our analysis supports the hypothesis that microfinance has a negative effect on necessity entrepreneurship. However, its effect on opportunity entrepreneurship depends on the socio-economic conditions of the countries. Regarding regional differences, there is strong evidence of an entrepreneurial shift from necessity to opportunity motivations in the Middle East and North Africa region and weak evidence in Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 19-29 Issue: 1 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.782147 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.782147 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:1:p:19-29 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_782148_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Abdelrasaq Nal Author-X-Name-First: Abdelrasaq Author-X-Name-Last: Nal Title: Trade Preferences, Economies of Scale and Dynamic Productivity Upgrading in African Manufacturing Firms: The Production Technology–Institutional Context Nexus Abstract: Economic justification for the idea that a trade preference incentive can, through its enhanced market facility, bring about dynamic productivity gains to beneficiary firms is rooted in the logic of economies of scale. Under the assumption that this scale driven efficiency does not accrue randomly to firms, this paper argues that striking the right kind of complementarity between attributes of production technology and those of the institutional environment is the key to realizing it. Precisely, a framework is presented in which a production technology with strong potential for internal (firm level) economy requires availability of highly skilled and competent professionals in the management of large scale concerns for successful appropriation. On the other hand, if the potential for scale economy is revealed to be strong only at external (industry) level, then success in actualizing it would ultimately be determined by the efficiency of socioeconomic support structures that obtains in the wider macro level environment. Empirical support for these claims is demonstrated in the responses of African manufacturing firms to the trade incentives of African Growth and Opportunity Act Scheme. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 53-60 Issue: 1 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.782148 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.782148 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:1:p:53-60 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_798094_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Olugbenga Adesida Author-X-Name-First: Olugbenga Author-X-Name-Last: Adesida Author-Name: Ms. Geci Karuri-Sebina Author-X-Name-First: Ms. Geci Author-X-Name-Last: Karuri-Sebina Title: Building Innovation Driven Economies in Africa Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1-3 Issue: 1 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.798094 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.798094 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:1:p:1-3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1634901_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Albertine M. Houessou Author-X-Name-First: Albertine M. Author-X-Name-Last: Houessou Author-Name: Augustin K.N. Aoudji Author-X-Name-First: Augustin K.N. Author-X-Name-Last: Aoudji Author-Name: Rodrigue S. Kaki Author-X-Name-First: Rodrigue S. Author-X-Name-Last: Kaki Author-Name: Smith A.R. Dossou Author-X-Name-First: Smith A.R. Author-X-Name-Last: Dossou Title: Promotion of local agri-food products through market knowledge: Consumption patterns and expectations of urban households towards local tomato purée in southern Benin Abstract: Urban growth in sub-Saharan Africa is an opportunity for local agri-food businesses. However, local agri-food, including tomato purée in southern Benin, are struggling to emerge in urban markets. The main objective of this study was to identify avenues for increased market penetration for local tomato purée. A survey was conducted from September to October 2017 among 405 households randomly selected. Data were collected based on structured interviews. The questionnaire focused on consumers’ knowledge on the product, their motivations and consumption patterns, and their expectations. As empirical finding, 23.95% of the consumers had no knowledge on the commercial production of tomato purée in Benin, while 5.93% of households were buying the product. Tomato purée is available in supermarkets and specialized outlets, which limits the proximity and visibility to most households. Consumer expectations towards local tomato purée includes the attributes of consistency, competitive price, expiry date on the label, bright red colour, non-acidic taste, and product traceability/certification. Capacity strengthening is needed for processing enterprises to upgrade product quality by incorporating the technical quality attributes sought by consumers. Moreover, an effective marketing action from value chain agents is required for increased consumers’ knowledge and consumption of local tomato purée. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 467-476 Issue: 4 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1634901 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1634901 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:4:p:467-476 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1638584_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ramazan Uctu Author-X-Name-First: Ramazan Author-X-Name-Last: Uctu Author-Name: Hassan Essop Author-X-Name-First: Hassan Author-X-Name-Last: Essop Title: Identifying the strength and weaknesses of the South African tech-based industries: Insights from the Swiss South African business development programme Abstract: Previous studies have considered the importance of technological development to economic growth, which lead to more research on policy interventions that would promote innovation and technological development. However, developing new technologies without a vehicle or mechanism to deliver the technologies to the marketplace implies that the impact of new innovations and technologies will be limited. Consequently, research that investigates the development of tech-entrepreneurs, the conduits who deliver new technologies to the market place, forms a crucial component in developing policies that link innovation to economic growth in today’s modern, knowledge-based economies. This study therefore considers the outcome of the training provided by the Swiss-South African Venture Leader Programme. By using the results from the Tech-Entrepreneurship Survey, which was administered by the authors, this study provides a review of South African tech-entrepreneurs’ views on tech-based concepts, South African tech-based industries within a global framework, as well as the tech-entrepreneurs’ reflections on the relative strengths and weaknesses of the South African tech-based sector. The latter views provide an insight for policymakers as to areas where the South African tech-based sector can be assisted. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 517-528 Issue: 4 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1638584 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1638584 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:4:p:517-528 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1636488_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Charles Tortoe Author-X-Name-First: Charles Author-X-Name-Last: Tortoe Author-Name: Solomon Dowuona Author-X-Name-First: Solomon Author-X-Name-Last: Dowuona Author-Name: Paa Toah Akonor Author-X-Name-First: Paa Toah Author-X-Name-Last: Akonor Author-Name: Nanam Tay Dziedzoave Author-X-Name-First: Nanam Tay Author-X-Name-Last: Dziedzoave Title: Enhancing the food security status of yam (Dioscorea spp.) for smallholder farmers through an improved farm-gate storage structure in Ghana Abstract: Yams (Dioscorea spp.) are a good source of food in Ghana. This study investigated the storage of seven (7) key yam varieties in an improved farm-gate yam storage structure. Seven freshly harvested key yam varieties identified as Pona, Lariboko, Dente, Mutwumudoo, Serwah, Matches and Akaba were used in a Complete Block Design technique of 3 blocks and stored in an improved farm-gate yam storage structure for 146 days. Formation of buds, pests and diseases, wholesomeness, regeneration of sprouts, temperature and relative humidity were monitored. After the storage period, mean number of buds formed varied between 1.3 and 2.7. Matches, Mutwumudoo and Dente yam varieties recorded the highest number of buds compared to Pona, Laribokor and Serwah, which recorded a mean of 1.3, 1.4 and 1.5 buds, respectively. Pona and Lariboko yam varieties were more highly susceptible to pests and diseases than Matches, Akaba, Dente and Serwah. Wholesome tubers were higher in Serwah, Matches, Akaba, Mutwumudoo and Dente varieties than Pona and Lariboko yam varieties, as the former were less attacked by pests and diseases. Serwah yam variety was observed to store best among the seven (7) key yam varieties even though regeneration of buds observed in Serwah yam variety was the highest. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 499-504 Issue: 4 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1636488 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1636488 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:4:p:499-504 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1640429_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Shishay Teklay Kahsay Author-X-Name-First: Shishay Teklay Author-X-Name-Last: Kahsay Author-Name: Gebrehaweria Kidane Reda Author-X-Name-First: Gebrehaweria Kidane Author-X-Name-Last: Reda Author-Name: Alem Mezgebo Hailu Author-X-Name-First: Alem Mezgebo Author-X-Name-Last: Hailu Title: Food security status and its determinants in pastoral and agro-pastoral districts of Afar regional state, Ethiopia Abstract: Food insecurity is a prime difficulty in Ethiopia. Food security policies and intervention mechanisms require empirical evidence on factors related to enhancement of food security. This study analyzed the determinants of households’ food security status in pastoral and agro-pastoral districts of Afar regional state. Multistage sampling technique was used to identify sampled households. The sample size of each kebele1 was determined proportionally and selected 150 households. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Foster Greer Thorbecke index and multiple linear regression model. By taking 2100 kcal/AE/day as a cut-off point, 72.7% of the households were found food insecure. The results of multiple linear regression model indicated that family size (adult equivalent) and mothers’ time constraint have a significantly negative effect on food security status at less than 1%. Livestock ownership (TLU) and sex (male) have a significantly positive effect on food security status at less than 1% and 5%, respectively. Fundamentally, efforts from federal and regional government and other stakeholders are needed to improve livestock production, productivity and commercialization. Awareness creation of effective family planning via giving special attention to female-headed households is worthily helpful to maximize food security in the study area. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 333-341 Issue: 4 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1640429 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1640429 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:4:p:333-341 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1586113_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mavis Akuffobea-Essilfie Author-X-Name-First: Mavis Author-X-Name-Last: Akuffobea-Essilfie Author-Name: Portia Adade Williams Author-X-Name-First: Portia Adade Author-X-Name-Last: Williams Author-Name: Roland Asare Author-X-Name-First: Roland Author-X-Name-Last: Asare Author-Name: Sigrid Damman Author-X-Name-First: Sigrid Author-X-Name-Last: Damman Author-Name: George Owusu Essegbey Author-X-Name-First: George Owusu Author-X-Name-Last: Essegbey Title: Promoting rainwater harvesting for improving water security: Analysis of drivers and barriers in Ghana Abstract: The study explored strategies and means of achieving wider acceptability and adoption of roof rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems in Ghana to improve water security and availability. The paper employed a qualitative approach in analyzing views expressed by a wide range of stakeholders participating in a workshop on the potential for up-scaling successful RWH technology. Dialogue and content analysis of the views on drivers and barriers to the uptake of RWH technology on a wider scale were synthesized to establish the sustainability of the technology. Some drivers identified included encouraging local fabrication industries to design and/or develop RWH installation components; using the cluster approach in the implementation of RWH technology to ensure cost-effectiveness and wider adoption of the system; and employing the media including television and radio to disseminate the socioeconomic and environmental benefits of the RWH system. Barriers to adoption of the RWH system identified included limited information, high cost of the system, limited institutional support and focus by developers as well as negative perceptions on sustainability and portability from the system. This paper demonstrates the significance of the RWH system as a tool for achieving water security in Ghana. We recommend that to promote wide adoption of the RWH system future studies should investigate the physical and chemical characteristics of harvested rainwater to establish a suitable and acceptable standard for obtained water. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 443-451 Issue: 4 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1586113 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1586113 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:4:p:443-451 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1655212_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: George Wamamu Musumba Author-X-Name-First: George Wamamu Author-X-Name-Last: Musumba Author-Name: Ruth Diko Wario Author-X-Name-First: Ruth Diko Author-X-Name-Last: Wario Title: RETRACTED ARTICLE: A hybrid technique for partner selection in virtual enterprises Abstract: Statement of Retraction: “A hybrid technique for partner selection in virtual enterprises”We, the Editors and Publisher of African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, have retracted the following article:George Wamamu Musumba & Ruth Diko Wario, “A hybrid technique for partner selection in virtual enterprises”, African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development 12.4 (2020), 385-403, 10.1080/20421338.2019.1655212The above article has been retracted as, subsequent to publication, significant overlap in the figures and tables has been identified with the previously published article:V. Alpagut Yavuz, “An Analysis of Job Change Decision Using a Hybrid Mcdm Method: A Comparative Analysis”, International Journal of Business and Social Research 6.3 (2016), 60-75To clarify, these originality concerns do not affect the written sections of the article, only the figures and tables.The authors regret the inclusion of unattributed material and put this error in judgement down to inexperience and wish to apologize for any confusion that was caused.We have been informed in our decision-making by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines on retractions.The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as “Retracted”. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 385-403 Issue: 4 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1655212 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1655212 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:4:p:385-403 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1634913_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Abdul Nafeo Abdulai Author-X-Name-First: Abdul Author-X-Name-Last: Nafeo Abdulai Author-Name: Awal Abdul-Rahaman Author-X-Name-First: Awal Author-X-Name-Last: Abdul-Rahaman Title: Does conservation agriculture technology reduce farm household poverty? Evidence from rural Zambia Abstract: This study examines the adoption and impact of conservation agriculture on farm household poverty in Zambia using both provincial and average poverty lines, given that the poverty line is a key driver to the determination of household poverty. We probe the basis of setting a singular average poverty line for all provinces. The recursive bivariate probit model results reveal that conservation agriculture significantly reduces household poverty. However, the average poverty line either over or under estimates provincial poverty status. We also find that education, access to credit and information, social networks and machinery influence adoption of conservation agriculture technology. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 477-487 Issue: 4 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1634913 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1634913 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:4:p:477-487 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1636487_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Khazamula J. Maluleka Author-X-Name-First: Khazamula J. Author-X-Name-Last: Maluleka Title: Project-based learning to encourage parental involvement in promoting indigenous technology in schools Abstract: The Department of Basic Education requests teachers to use the design process as teaching methodology in Technology Education. Learners’ completion of projects poses a challenge for teachers, who are supposed to ensure that their learners undertake a project as part of the continuous assessment process. The design process does not sufficiently involve indigenous elders as custodians of indigenous knowledge systems. The purpose of this article is to determine how project-based learning (PBL) can be used to encourage parental involvement in promoting indigenous technology in schools. Information collected from the literature and a sampled group of participants was critically analyzed by means of Rawls’ (1999. John Rawls Theory of Social Justice) theory of social justice. The qualitative approach, using action research, was employed to examine how PBL can ensure sufficient parental involvement in providing indigenous technology-based knowledge which, when measured against Rawls’ theory of social justice, is currently not afforded the prominence it deserves. The findings indicate that most respondents showed a willingness to see indigenous technology integrated into daily teaching activities. The participating parents, who accepted that they are sources of such technology, stated their willingness to assist teachers and learners in this regard. This article concludes by suggesting a project-based learning model that may ensure parental involvement in schools. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 489-498 Issue: 4 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1636487 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1636487 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:4:p:489-498 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1681102_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Richmore Dondofema Author-X-Name-First: Richmore Author-X-Name-Last: Dondofema Author-Name: Sara S. (Saartjie) Grobbelaar Author-X-Name-First: Sara S. (Saartjie) Author-X-Name-Last: Grobbelaar Title: Supporting innovation through a multi-level platforms approach: A case study of the South African fresh fruit industry Abstract: Agricultural innovation platforms have become recognized as a key mechanism through which to stimulate innovation for inclusive development (I4ID) by serving as a space for agricultural stakeholders to engage, and to develop and diffuse agricultural innovations. This study investigates how an agricultural innovation environment is created through a multi-level platform. Through grounded theory methodology this article presents a conceptual management framework on the activities to establish and manage the functioning of agricultural multi-level innovation platforms based on the results of a systematic literature review. We then evaluate the credibility and conformability of the framework though analyzing the Fruit SA multi-level platform as a case study. The utility of this analysis for future work is to develop a more complete understanding of the functioning of multi-level platforms and their role in linking up value chain actors with the idea to support the development of such interventions in the future. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 421-434 Issue: 4 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1681102 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1681102 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:4:p:421-434 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1640930_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mekonnen Sime Kidane Author-X-Name-First: Mekonnen Author-X-Name-Last: Sime Kidane Author-Name: Edilegnaw Wale Zegeye Author-X-Name-First: Edilegnaw Author-X-Name-Last: Wale Zegeye Title: The nexus of income diversification and welfare: Empirical evidence from Ethiopia Abstract: Income diversification plays an important role in addressing the adverse effects of climate and market failures. The study analyzes the impact of income diversification on household welfare. A two-round plot-level survey panel data comprising 1708 observations was used for the analysis where a total of 900 households were selected by using multistage sampling procedures and interviewed in 2010, of which 864 respondents were re-interviewed in the 2013 survey period with the same questionnaire. Results show a household income of about 76% is primarily from agriculture, although diversification levels increased in 2013. While fragmented poverty prevailed in the study area, significant improvements were observed over time. Econometric analysis results confirm that mainly female-headed households and households with higher education levels follow income diversification. Cultivated farm size was also found to encourage diversification. The results further show that income diversification has a positive influence on income while reducing the propensity of poverty. Furthermore, variables like farming experience, gender dependency ratio, cultivated land size, livestock, crop diversification and agroecology are important factors influencing both vulnerability and poverty levels. Interventions to address these issues by increasing the contribution of income diversification and improving household welfare are relevant. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 343-353 Issue: 4 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1640930 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1640930 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:4:p:343-353 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1634900_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Lucy Mulugo Author-X-Name-First: Lucy Author-X-Name-Last: Mulugo Author-Name: Florence Birungi Kyazze Author-X-Name-First: Florence Birungi Author-X-Name-Last: Kyazze Author-Name: Paul Kibwika Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Kibwika Author-Name: Enoch Kikulwe Author-X-Name-First: Enoch Author-X-Name-Last: Kikulwe Author-Name: Aman Bonaventure Omondi Author-X-Name-First: Aman Bonaventure Author-X-Name-Last: Omondi Author-Name: Susan Ajambo Author-X-Name-First: Susan Author-X-Name-Last: Ajambo Title: Unravelling technology-acceptance factors influencing farmer use of banana tissue culture planting materials in Central Uganda Abstract: Effective management of plant health is fundamental for food and income security to meet the growing demands of local and global markets. This however requires farmers’ adequate access to quality planting materials under the prevailing contextual and psycho-social factors. This study, anchored in the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technologies, unravels technology-acceptance factors that influence farmers’ intentions to use banana tissue culture planting materials in the control of Banana Xanthomonas Wilt. Data were collected from 248 randomly sampled banana farmers using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using structural equation modelling to examine hypothesized paths in the uptake of banana tissue culture planting materials. Results show that farmer intentions to use tissue culture planting materials are dependent on two constructs: social influence and farmer innovativeness. However, social influence is the main predictor of intentions to use tissue culture planting materials. In particular, farmer innovativeness mediates facilitating conditions and social influence in predicting intentions to use tissue culture planting materials. Thus, this study reveals two factors that influence farmer intentions to use tissue culture planting materials: social influence and farmer innovativeness. The findings imply that social influence and farmer innovativeness are critical in disseminating novel agricultural technologies in Uganda and elsewhere. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 453-465 Issue: 4 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1634900 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1634900 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:4:p:453-465 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1651480_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: B. O. Ezurike Author-X-Name-First: B. O. Author-X-Name-Last: Ezurike Author-Name: J. O. Osazuwa Author-X-Name-First: J. O. Author-X-Name-Last: Osazuwa Author-Name: C. A. Okoronkwo Author-X-Name-First: C. A. Author-X-Name-Last: Okoronkwo Title: Performance evaluation of an electric corn shelling machine for small scale indigenous industries in Nigeria Abstract: The time and energy expended in shelling corn manually have necessitated the detailed design and construction of a modern electric corn shelling machine. The major problems associated with the manual corn shelling machine were the high level of fatigue of the operator and low shelling capacity, leading to reduced productivity. These problems motivated the construction of a sheller with a simple design, that employs a swift mechanism and pulley drive, is simple to use and maintain and results in improved efficiency. Results obtained show that the electric corn shelling machine developed in this study is cost effective and has a shelling efficiency of 91.4%, whereas the manual corn sheller was shown to have an efficiency of 45% or less. Therefore, if the electric corn shelling machine were used, especially in rural settings, it could optimize the time and energy currently taken to shell corn manually on a large scale. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 355-364 Issue: 4 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1651480 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1651480 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:4:p:355-364 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1763728_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Varinder Jain Author-X-Name-First: Varinder Author-X-Name-Last: Jain Title: Agriculture Innovation Systems in Asia: Towards Inclusive Rural Development Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 529-531 Issue: 4 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1763728 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1763728 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:4:p:529-531 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1654252_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Desalegn Girma Mengistu Author-X-Name-First: Desalegn Girma Author-X-Name-Last: Mengistu Author-Name: Gangadhar Mahesh Author-X-Name-First: Gangadhar Author-X-Name-Last: Mahesh Title: Challenges in developing the Ethiopian construction industry Abstract: To ensure continual improvement in the construction industry’s performance, its challenges must be identified so that integrated solutions that suit the context can be provided. The Ethiopian construction industry, like that in most developing countries, faces challenges that impede its development. This paper assesses four categories of challenges facing the industry, based on their sources: variables emanating from role of government, resource related variables, those related to the nature of the industry and variables emanating from the vision of the industry itself for its own development. Data for the study were collected through a questionnaire survey. Professionals from different background, such as contractors, consultants, clients, regulatory authority and academics were engaged in the survey. Mean score was used to identify the perceived impact level of the variables. Significant variables were identified and factor analysis was conducted to identify the underlying dimensions of the different sources. The major challenges are identified as: (i) delay in construction industry development (CID) policy implementation and corruption; (ii) weak capacity of contractors and consultants; (iii) lack of collaboration and professionalism; and (iv) lack of benchmarking CID practice from role of government, resource related variables, nature of the industry and industry’s vision for its own development, respectively. Findings provide information that stakeholders can use to make informed decisions and critical interventions for the effective development of the industry. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 373-384 Issue: 4 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1654252 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1654252 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:4:p:373-384 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1688491_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Peter Kayode Oke Author-X-Name-First: Peter Kayode Author-X-Name-Last: Oke Author-Name: A. Alonge Author-X-Name-First: A. Author-X-Name-Last: Alonge Author-Name: Niyi Gideon Olaiya Author-X-Name-First: Niyi Gideon Author-X-Name-Last: Olaiya Title: Performance optimization of jaw-type rock crushing machine through shaft eccentricity redesign Abstract: The recurrent failure of jaw-type crushing machine was traced to an inappropriate external shaft ratio and frequent wear of the jaw of the machine. Current jaw-type crushing machines are designed and constructed with spring steel was improvised with spring steel because of the scarcity of the required material to cast the jaw, which has to be imported whenever there is a failure. The analysis of the relationship between the life span of the jaw of the rock crushing machine to the shaft eccentricity was carried out to determine the external shaft ratio of the machine. The eccentric lobe to impact motion at various positions were analyzed and plotted out for both angular and linear displacements. The analysis and evaluation involved data collection from existing quarries. The results show that an external diameter/offset ratio within the average of 10:1 can be considered for the offset calculation of a jaw-type crusher shaft. The outcome of the result was used to redesign and develop a prototype crushing machine with better output crushing pressure of 13.1×105 kN/m2 and capable of crushing 425–569 kg of rock per hour, depending on the type of rock to be crushed. The machine performed exceptionally well with an efficiency of 95% and is relatively durable compared to high grade imported rock crushing machine. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 435-442 Issue: 4 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1688491 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1688491 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:4:p:435-442 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1636489_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Henry Muli Mwololo Author-X-Name-First: Henry Muli Author-X-Name-Last: Mwololo Author-Name: Jonathan Makau Nzuma Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan Makau Author-X-Name-Last: Nzuma Author-Name: Cecilia Nyawira Ritho Author-X-Name-First: Cecilia Nyawira Author-X-Name-Last: Ritho Author-Name: Sylvester Ochieng Ogutu Author-X-Name-First: Sylvester Ochieng Author-X-Name-Last: Ogutu Author-Name: Nassul Kabunga Author-X-Name-First: Nassul Author-X-Name-Last: Kabunga Title: Determinants of actual and potential adoption of improved indigenous chicken under asymmetrical exposure conditions in rural Kenya Abstract: We employ the average treatment effects approach to account for asymmetrical information exposure on a sample of 744 farmers in Kisii and Nyamira counties, Kenya, to estimate the actual and potential adoption of a new chicken cross breed. The actual adoption rate of the Kuroiler chicken was 10 percent while the potential adoption rate was 13 percent, dependent on the entire population being aware of and knowledgeable about the new breed. We also observed an adoption gap of 3 and 1 percent due to lack of awareness and attribute knowledge respectively. The factors that influence awareness and attribute knowledge of the new breed were different. Besides, ownership of land title deeds increased adoption while age, distance to tarmac and off-farm income had a negative effect on adoption. The new chicken breed needs to be promoted as a niche enterprise given its low adoption potential even when all farmers are aware of it and have knowledge of its attributes. There is also need for the inclusion of awareness and attribute knowledge messages in the promotion initiatives of the chicken in order to boost its adoption. Moreover, government policy needs to support issuance of title deeds to enhance adoption as well as tarmacking of roads to ease market access. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 505-515 Issue: 4 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1636489 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1636489 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:4:p:505-515 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1654251_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Oluwaseun S. Dosumu Author-X-Name-First: Oluwaseun S. Author-X-Name-Last: Dosumu Author-Name: Clinton Aigbavboa Author-X-Name-First: Clinton Author-X-Name-Last: Aigbavboa Title: An investigation of the barriers to the uptake of local materials in Africa: A literature review approach Abstract: The activities of the construction industry require that alternative construction materials be used for construction projects, especially in developing countries like those in Africa. The conventional construction materials are no longer sustainable because they have caused devastating environmental damage and climate changes among others. The objectives of this study are to investigate the available local materials for construction projects in Africa, and the barriers to the adoption of local construction materials as alternatives for construction projects. The literature review approach was used for the study. This was achieved by conducting a literature search on the construction materials that have been adopted in Africa for construction projects and the barriers to their adoption. The results of the study were discussed and presented in tabular form. The findings of the research indicate that about 16 materials have been adopted across African countries for construction projects. However, the continued adoption of the materials has been hampered by many challenges, among which is the inability to produce the materials at a large scale for construction projects. Hence, the study conceptualized that the barriers to the adoption of local materials for construction projects are both developmental and in the form of government policies. Recommendations were made on the approach to mitigating the barriers to the adoption of local construction materials in Africa. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 365-371 Issue: 4 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1654251 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1654251 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:4:p:365-371 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1656428_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Oluwayemisi Adebola Abisuga-Oyekunle Author-X-Name-First: Oluwayemisi Adebola Author-X-Name-Last: Abisuga-Oyekunle Author-Name: Swapan Kumar Patra Author-X-Name-First: Swapan Kumar Author-X-Name-Last: Patra Author-Name: Mammo Muchie Author-X-Name-First: Mammo Author-X-Name-Last: Muchie Title: SMEs in sustainable development: Their role in poverty reduction and employment generation in sub-Saharan Africa Abstract: Poverty alleviation has been positioned high on the international development agenda following the adoption of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in 2000. African countries initiated various missions to establish sustained economic growth by increasing productivity with an ultimate goal of poverty reduction. The significance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in poverty reduction and employment generation is widely acknowledged. Despite the high failure rate amongst SMEs, particularly in the African context, some are striving with excellent results and are demonstrating signs of growth, innovation and sustainability. This paper explores the development of SMEs as a strategic measure for job creation in sub-Saharan Africa. It examines the role of SMEs in achieving sustainable employment in Africa. This study will benefit governments in Africa, getting them to focus on the development of the SMEs, and guiding them on how best to integrate SME development to achieve poverty alleviation. The recommendations proposed in this study may be helpful in policy formulation, business operation and regulatory practice for sustainable growth and development in the sub-Saharan African context. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 405-419 Issue: 4 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1656428 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1656428 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:4:p:405-419 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2004726_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Saradindu Bhaduri Author-X-Name-First: Saradindu Author-X-Name-Last: Bhaduri Author-Name: Sujit Bhattacharya Author-X-Name-First: Sujit Author-X-Name-Last: Bhattacharya Title: IndiaLICS Special issue: Introduction – Missing links in the innovation ecosystem: A critical introspection Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 851-852 Issue: 7 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.2004726 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.2004726 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:7:p:851-852 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1818920_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Deep Jyoti Francis Author-X-Name-First: Deep Author-X-Name-Last: Jyoti Francis Author-Name: Anup Kumar Das Author-X-Name-First: Anup Kumar Author-X-Name-Last: Das Title: Water-related technology research landscape in India: Current status and perspectives Abstract: While seventy-one per cent of the earth’s surface is covered with water, equitable access to safe and drinking water remains a challenge across countries. Especially developing countries, like India, have been identified as water-stressed. In India, various institutions are participating and joining hands to deliver social and technological solutions to resolve prevalent water-related challenges. This study reviews national policy frameworks and identifies the institutions participating in water-related technology research. Besides government interventions to formulate water-related policies, both private and government institutions are participating in water-related technology research. Along with this, local community initiatives and heterodox modes of innovations have introduced a means to address the issues surrounding water quality and availability. The Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), University Grants Commission (UGC), and Department of Science and Technology (DST) are some of the prominent institutions that have been playing a pivotal role in establishing water security through technological and ecological solutions. National Innovation Foundation (NIF) and Atal Innovation Mission have documented innovative solutions developed by individual innovators for addressing local water-related challenges. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 887-897 Issue: 7 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1818920 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1818920 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:7:p:887-897 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1823098_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ann N. Kingiri Author-X-Name-First: Ann Author-X-Name-Last: N. Kingiri Title: Agricultural advisory and extension service approaches and inclusion in reaching out to Kenyan rural farmers Abstract: Efficient agricultural advisory and extension service (AES) is poised to lead to improved agricultural productivity as farmers utilize information and knowledge to optimize their use of limited resources. However, the role of AES has progressively evolved due to the changing technological, economic and social context. This paper uses primary and secondary data to study the AES delivery process in Kenya. This process is interrogated from an inclusivity perspective based on the suitability of related AES approaches in reaching out to rural communities in the acquisition of services for innovation purposes. The study finds differences in AES approaches that can effectively stimulate institutional innovation in an equitable way. In addition, approaches for delivery of AES are hampered by several factors that either constrain or perpetuate inclusivity more generally. The paper enhances discussion around the importance of agricultural AES as a key function of the agricultural innovation system, especially in a rural setting. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 797-806 Issue: 7 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1823098 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1823098 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:7:p:797-806 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1771670_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Shekhar Jain Author-X-Name-First: Shekhar Author-X-Name-Last: Jain Title: Emergence, adherence and proliferation of industry level standards: A case study of Aligarh padlock industry, India Abstract: Industry in developing nations has not attracted much attention from standard theorists. One of the reasons is that developing countries are considered ‘standard takers.’ As a result, the limited scholarship on standards in the context of developing countries largely remains occupied with global value chains and standards. Besides, industries in these countries are often marked with various degrees of informality. Due to this, the innate structure and governance of these industries depend a lot on socio-economic relations, over and above the formal legal and regulatory structures. This makes operationalization of standards much more complex than simple adoption of standards in codified and documented form, dominantly considered in mainstream discourse on standards. This paper attempts to answer a few of the limitations highlighted and adds to the scholarship on standards in the context of developing countries by considering the case of Aligarh padlock industry. The paper explores the socio-economic dynamics which govern the emergence, adherence and proliferation of these standards. To this end, the paper considers standards as a form of knowledge that brings order to an industry. Further, adapting upon the literature on global value chain and its role in standard proliferation and informality, the paper explores the role of local value chain in the proliferation of industry-level standards. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 853-864 Issue: 7 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1771670 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1771670 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:7:p:853-864 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1796004_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Stuti Haldar Author-X-Name-First: Stuti Author-X-Name-Last: Haldar Title: Sustainable entrepreneurship development in the renewable energy sector: Insights from Gujarat, India Abstract: Sustainable development lies at the heart of sustainable entrepreneurship. In the context of this view, the current paper explores the linkages among sustainable development, entrepreneurship, and innovation. Since Gujarat ranks among the five top Indian states in terms of renewable energy (RE) potential, we studied this sector using a case study approach. The study explores factors that affects the shift from conventional to sustainable entrepreneurship. These factors include major opportunities, as well as challenges for RE entrepreneurs. The findings suggest that RE entrepreneurs are driven by a mix of economic, personal commitment for the environment and social concerns. Institutional support in the form of skill development programmes, subsidies and easing entry level barriers to RE serve as opportunities for entrepreneurs. Technological expertise is another enabler for RE entrepreneurship. Major challenges identified in this study include inadequate access to formal and institutional finance, especially for start-ups, bureaucratic obstacles, limited number of government-accredited certification labs, and inconsistency in the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) guidelines. Knowledge barriers in the form of lack of information regarding usage, maintenance and utility of solar technologies are also challenges for this sector. Technological risks related to the adoption of RE technologies also puts them at a cost disadvantage in comparison to conventional technologies. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 873-885 Issue: 7 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1796004 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1796004 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:7:p:873-885 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1834960_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Nokuthula Lukhele Author-X-Name-First: Nokuthula Author-X-Name-Last: Lukhele Author-Name: Ogundiran Soumonni Author-X-Name-First: Ogundiran Author-X-Name-Last: Soumonni Title: Modes of innovation used by SMMEs to tackle social challenges in South Africa Abstract: Innovation has become critical for many countries in the Global South, particularly in responding to challenges such as slow economic growth, primary commodity dependence, and socio-economic inequalities. Since 1996, the National System of Innovation (NSI) approach has been adopted by policymakers in South Africa in order to address these concerns. There are two distinct and complementary modes of innovation: (1) Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), which focuses on the promotion and commercialization of research and development (R&D); and (2) Doing, Using and Interacting (DUI), which involves business strategies, knowledge sharing among employees, and interactive learning between users and producers. In this article, we analyze the modes of innovation used by small, medium, and micro-sized enterprises (SMMEs) in South Africa, and identify their potential to use business model innovation to help tackle social challenges. Based on a Latent Class Analysis of online survey data collected from SMMEs in the Gauteng Province, we found that 82% used the DUI mode, 18% used the STI mode, and 72% expressed confidence that their innovative solutions could help tackle social challenges. We therefore recommend that policymakers further incentivize the STI mode within SMMEs, in order to more effectively address social inclusion problems in South Africa. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 829-837 Issue: 7 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1834960 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1834960 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:7:p:829-837 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1774111_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Vishwambhar Nath Prajapati Author-X-Name-First: Vishwambhar Nath Author-X-Name-Last: Prajapati Title: Sustainable disposal of the dead: A study of Nigambodh Ghat in Delhi Abstract: The link between values and technologies is well established. The concept of sustainability here includes the desire to dispose of the dead in an easy, eco-friendly manner. Many authors have discussed sustainability and its relation to the various methods of disposal of the dead. However, it may be pertinent to explore if all stakeholders accept sustainability as their prime concern, and what explains their non-acceptance, if any, despite this value being an inherent part of several government policies and schemes in the last few decades. Nigambodh Ghat is one of the oldest, largest, and busiest cremation grounds in Delhi. Ethnographic insights have been discussed to understand the nuances and complexities of the interaction between sustainability and cremation technologies across the strata of users at this site. Although new cremation technologies are incompatible with established funeral customs, there is a growing preference for cheaper, simpler, and less ritualized methods, for instance, Mokshda, electric and CNG crematorium. The coexistence of various competing cremation technologies at Nigambodh Ghat highlights the increasing importance of sustainability. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 865-872 Issue: 7 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1774111 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1774111 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:7:p:865-872 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1889758_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ofonmbuk Esther Ekong Author-X-Name-First: Ofonmbuk Esther Author-X-Name-Last: Ekong Title: Coalescing intellectual property incentives, gender inclusiveness and environmental sustainability for female traditional healers in Nigeria Abstract: The prevalence of women in the knowledge-based enterprise of traditional healing underscores the role of women in sustainable development. The World Health Organization (WHO) finds that about three quarters of the world’s population depend upon traditional remedies for their health. However, ecosystems suffer and environmentally important animals become extinct due to the wide use of traditional medicine. This paper investigates the linkages between intellectual property rights (IPRs), gender inclusiveness and environmental sustainability. Adopting a feminist legal methodology, the paper analyzes the challenges of securing IPRs for female traditional healers and how these impact on environmental sustainability. The paper finds that ownership of property rights (including IPRs) is central to exercising judgment over the sustainable use of the environment and that such ownership is lacking among female traditional healers. The paper proposes the active synergy of patent offices and traditional healers, following an example from China, as one of the remedies to devise new forms of IPRs that may better suit the needs of women who seek to protect their innovations in the field of traditional medicine. This paper links the ownership of IPRs to environmental sustainability and gender inclusiveness. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 839-850 Issue: 7 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1889758 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1889758 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:7:p:839-850 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1815333_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Patrick Marie Nga Ndjobo Author-X-Name-First: Patrick Marie Author-X-Name-Last: Nga Ndjobo Author-Name: Noémia Certo Simões Author-X-Name-First: Noémia Author-X-Name-Last: Certo Simões Title: Institutions and brain drain: The role of business start-up regulations Abstract: The objective of this article is to re-examine the relationship between African institutions and the migration phenomena. Specifically, we analyze the relationship between business start-up regulations and the brain drain from sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries towards those in OECD. Using data from 33 countries, 7 of which belong to OECD, from years 2000, 2005 to 2010, and a gravity model, we firstly show that regulations which control enterprise creation in SSA countries make a positive and significant contribution to brain drain towards OECD countries. Secondly, given the strong association between high unemployment rates and corruption, the combined effect of all the variables is more important than when regulation is considered on its own. According to our results, setting up regulations for effective enterprise creation may retain qualified individuals in Africa, mainly those who are entrepreneurs and have in sight the creation of their own businesses. In addition, regulations, governance and the potential contribution of these entrepreneurs should be taken into account in the setting up of integrated national systems of innovation in African countries, especially in terms of the dynamic processes that occur at the meeting point of the university, industry and government institutional spheres. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 807-815 Issue: 7 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1815333 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1815333 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:7:p:807-815 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1816266_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Alhassan Abdulwakeel Karakara Author-X-Name-First: Alhassan Abdulwakeel Author-X-Name-Last: Karakara Author-Name: Evans S. Osabuohien Author-X-Name-First: Evans S. Author-X-Name-Last: Osabuohien Title: Clean versus dirty energy: Empirical evidence from fuel adoption and usage by households in Ghana Abstract: There are few studies on the determinants of energy consumption of households in Africa, particularly in Ghana. Thus, this study identifies the drivers of households’ fuel consumption for domestic purposes and examines two fuel categories (‘clean’ fuels versus ‘dirty’ fuels). The study used Demographic and Health Survey data that has a sample of 11,835 households across Ghana. Binary categorical models (binary logistic and binary probit) were used to investigate whether a household uses ‘clean fuel’ or ‘dirty fuel’, which are estimated with socio-economic variables and spatial disparity (regional location). The results suggest that households’ energy consumption is affected by socio-economic variables and rural households are more deprived than urban households in adopting clean fuels. Also, male-headed households have a higher likelihood than female-headed households to adopt clean fuels. Many households choose clean fuels for lighting than they do for cooking as wealth status improves. However, solid fuels such as charcoal and firewood remain the dominant fuel used for cooking by the majority of households. The use of these dirty fuels could hamper the health status of households because of indoor pollution. The study recommends that policies should be geared towards the provision of clean and better energy sources for households. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 785-795 Issue: 7 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1816266 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1816266 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:7:p:785-795 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1958986_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Olugbenga Adesida Author-X-Name-First: Olugbenga Author-X-Name-Last: Adesida Author-Name: Geci Karuri-Sebina Author-X-Name-First: Geci Author-X-Name-Last: Karuri-Sebina Author-Name: Erika Kraemer-Mbula Author-X-Name-First: Erika Author-X-Name-Last: Kraemer-Mbula Title: Special Issue: Can innovation address Africa’s challenges? Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 779-784 Issue: 7 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1958986 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1958986 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:7:p:779-784 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1837447_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Tefera Belay Endalamaw Author-X-Name-First: Tefera Belay Author-X-Name-Last: Endalamaw Author-Name: Dietrich Darr Author-X-Name-First: Dietrich Author-X-Name-Last: Darr Title: Institutional and technological innovation for the bamboo sector as an instrument for development and climate change resilience in Ethiopia Abstract: Given a huge resource base, numerous product and service functions, bamboo can top many of the species recommended for integrated rural development in the context of climate change. Despite this potential, there is gap in knowledge and innovation to make optimum use of this resource. This study provides insights into the need for and processes of institutional and technological innovation to materialize bamboo’s potential. The study is based on the theory of systems of innovation and empirical data collected from bamboo farmers, enterprises and 26 experts. The results demonstrate that traditional knowledge and technical skills in rural areas are key sources of knowledge for product innovation and climate change adaptation. The study reveals that enterprises have a primary role both in the generation of innovation and the production of value-added products. Institutional actors (GOs and NGOs) play an intermediary role in promoting bamboo sector innovation through training provision, policy development and stimulating social learning among actors. The study reveals that further effort is needed to upgrade the capacity of farmers and firms to produce globally competitive products. Therefore, development should be geared towards establishing and nurturing a bamboo sector innovation system which facilitates entry into the global value chain. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 817-828 Issue: 7 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1837447 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1837447 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:7:p:817-828 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1979169_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Madhav Govind Author-X-Name-First: Madhav Author-X-Name-Last: Govind Author-Name: Mirinchonme Mahongnao Author-X-Name-First: Mirinchonme Author-X-Name-Last: Mahongnao Title: Recycling of municipal solid waste in India: Empirical findings from some select colonies in Delhi Abstract: The growing volume of municipal waste has become a serious challenge for urban local bodies in Indian cities. The non-segregation of waste at the source is one of the main reasons for the low percentage of municipal waste being recycled. Drawing the data from a semi-structured questionnaire-based survey of 100 households and informal interviews with different stakeholders, this study explores the waste segregation and waste minimization behaviour of residents of Delhi and the role of ragpickers in the recycling of waste. The study reveals that the main reasons for the non-segregation of waste are lack of awareness and facilities and a high level of skepticism whether source segregation would solve the problem if waste is not collected and transported separately. The study also shows that although 83% of respondents were aware of different colours of dustbins, only a small percentage of respondents know about or practise their correct usage. We argue that while creating awareness and providing infrastructure facilities are important, it is more effective to recalibrate our policy in such a way that it integrates the informal waste pickers in the recycling process, and incentivizes those who reduce and segregate their waste and discourages the defaulters. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 899-912 Issue: 7 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1979169 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1979169 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:7:p:899-912 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1856548_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Lizzy Oluwatoyin Ofusori Author-X-Name-First: Lizzy Oluwatoyin Author-X-Name-Last: Ofusori Author-Name: Prabhakar Rontala Subramaniam Author-X-Name-First: Prabhakar Rontala Author-X-Name-Last: Subramaniam Title: A study on e-commuting: Alleviating technical and mobility threats in a BYOD-enabled banking environment in Nigeria Abstract: Information flow has increased significantly due to globalization and technological advancement, which has resulted in Bring Your Own Device (BYOD). This phenomenon has necessitated all sectors to adapt to the changes and align themselves with technology in order to maximize the benefits. The banking sector, in particular, has been at the forefront of the adoption of BYOD. However, this adoption of BYOD makes the banking sector vulnerable to various security threats. Ofusori, Dlamini, and Prabhakar (2018) classified these threats within technical, social and mobility domains. This article focuses on and investigates the influence of threats related to technical and mobility domains within a BYOD environment. Data were collected from employees of four banks in Nigeria to assess individual practices. The study found threats that overlap both technical and mobility domains and the existing security measures were found to be inadequate to alleviate those overlapping threats. As a result, this study recommends possible solutions to limit these security threats. In addition, this study contributes to the current theoretical perspectives concerning the use of mobile devices, therefore contributing to the existing body of knowledge regarding security threats for banks. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 489-503 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1856548 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1856548 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:2:p:489-503 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1857519_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Johan von Solms Author-X-Name-First: Johan Author-X-Name-Last: von Solms Author-Name: Josef Langerman Author-X-Name-First: Josef Author-X-Name-Last: Langerman Title: Digital technology adoption in a bank Treasury and performing a Digital Maturity Assessment Abstract: The importance of a Treasury department in a commercial bank has increased in recent decades. After the 2008 financial crisis the remit of a bank Treasury has expanded in terms of scope and strategic significance, evolving from a transactional cash manager to a balance sheet custodian. In order to meet this broader strategic mandate Treasurers must consider ways to become more efficient and streamlined. Adoption of digital technologies and related innovation that underpins the Fourth Industrial Revolution can address many of the traditional Treasury challenges and deliver a wide range of benefits. The adoption of digital technology in bank Treasuries tend to be lower than in other business areas within a bank. There are a number of reasons, but it often includes the lack of a well-articulated digital transformation roadmap. There is thus a need for researching a Treasury specific approach that can provide guidance on developing a digital implementation strategy and enable the transition towards a next generation ‘smart’ digital Treasury department. This paper focusses on a key component of digital transformation, namely performing a Digital Maturity Assessment. It is essential to determine the digital maturity level of a Treasury function, in order to ensure the appropriate Treasury activities and digital technologies are identified and prioritized for digitalization. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 302-315 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1857519 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1857519 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:2:p:302-315 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1835174_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Queen E. Malemela Author-X-Name-First: Queen E. Author-X-Name-Last: Malemela Author-Name: Ricky M. Mukonza Author-X-Name-First: Ricky M. Author-X-Name-Last: Mukonza Title: Introduction of an electronic petition system in the City of Tshwane – A municipal residents’ perspective Abstract: Public participation has been found, in prior related studies, as a way of demonstrating impartiality and ensuring inclusivity. In developed countries, governments ensure public participation using e-petitions. This study focused on determining municipal residents’ perceptions of the electronic petition system ahead of its execution in City of Tshwane municipality. City of Tshwane is one of the largest municipalities in South Africa. The study relied on collecting quantitative data and thus it falls within the positivism paradigm. Quantitative data were collected via questionnaires involving n = 150 residents in City of Tshwane municipality. Descriptive statistics were performed to analyze the profiles of participants and then a factor analysis using varimax rotation was performed to identify the resultant factors. The results show that residents are ready for the e-petition system, optimistic about this contemporary initiative as a means of managing problems in their municipal area, and have confidence in the anticipated efficacy of e-petitions. It concludes that the e-petition system may be effective when used along with the traditional paper petition system. Moreover, it raises insights for policymakers, municipal management and government, and makes suggestions for future studies. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 377-383 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1835174 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1835174 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:2:p:377-383 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1866147_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Adeolu Dairo Author-X-Name-First: Adeolu Author-X-Name-Last: Dairo Author-Name: Krisztián Szűcs Author-X-Name-First: Krisztián Author-X-Name-Last: Szűcs Title: Battle for digital customer ownership between the Telcos and Over-the-Top (OTT) players: Emerging markets perspective Abstract: Today’s Telcos are confronted with digital evolution and innovation that are forcing them to rethink their traditional business models. In many domains, the global Over-the-Top (OTT) players have established scales across their business models, thereby putting enormous pressure on the Telcos. This paper proposes a framework for the major stakeholders within the Telco space to manage the excesses and threats that are posed by the global OTT players upon the industry. Using a deep packet inspection (DPI) through the service control gateway (SCG) of an emerging mobile operator, the study quantifies the significance of the threat and the penetration of the OTT providers within the Telco landscape. From an emerging market perspective, a comprehensive framework that can protect Telco investments and the host economies from the global OTT players is provided. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 556-563 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1866147 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1866147 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:2:p:556-563 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1857544_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Yaw Ofori-Appiah Author-X-Name-First: Yaw Author-X-Name-Last: Ofori-Appiah Author-Name: Edward Ebo Onumah Author-X-Name-First: Edward Ebo Author-X-Name-Last: Onumah Author-Name: Freda Elikplim Asem Author-X-Name-First: Freda Elikplim Author-X-Name-Last: Asem Title: Efficiency and productivity analysis of pineapple farmers in the Akwapim-South District of Ghana: A distance function approach Abstract: The study sought to analyze the efficiency and productivity of pineapple farmers in the Akwapim-South District of Ghana. The paper employs the stochastic translog distance function technique to analyze the influence of inputs on outputs whilst highlighting the technical efficiency and its determinants of the pineapple farmers. A total of 135 respondents were randomly selected using the multi-stage sampling technique. The results reveal that all the input variables (fertilizer, labour, cost of pineapple suckers and intermediate cost) are significant and have a positive influence on the productivity of pineapple production. The shadow share of other crops is estimated to be negative relative to the production of pineapple in the output mix. The mean technical efficiency score is found to be 85%. This implies that pineapple farmers in the Akwapim-South District have the potential to increase their output level by 15% using the current technology available to them. The results further indicate that age, number of extension visits, education and FBO (farmer-based organization) membership significantly and positively affect the technical efficiency of pineapple farmers. The paper recommends that government policies should ensure inputs are available to farmers at subsidized prices. Furthermore, regular education of extension agents and properly structured extension and FBO service delivery systems should be put in place to enhance the productivity of farmers. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 512-522 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1857544 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1857544 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:2:p:512-522 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1855746_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Philomena Chioma-Akalugo Ogwuike Author-X-Name-First: Philomena Chioma-Akalugo Author-X-Name-Last: Ogwuike Author-Name: Clinton Obinna Ogwuike Author-X-Name-First: Clinton Obinna Author-X-Name-Last: Ogwuike Author-Name: Aminou Arouna Author-X-Name-First: Aminou Author-X-Name-Last: Arouna Title: Impact of the adoption of technological innovation on the credit acquisition of rice farmers in Senegal: A propensity score matching technique Abstract: This paper examines whether the adoption of the ASI thresher technology by rice farmers in the Senegal River Valley increases their access to credit and their creditworthiness through various pathways. Mainly, this study seeks to verify the argument that the adoption of technologies that increase factor productivity and production capacity eventually leads to the ability (and desire) of adopters to borrow more due to enhanced operations and confidence in their ability to repay loans. This paper uses primary data collected from 194 adopters and nonadopters of the ASI thresher in the Senegal River Valley. Four propensity score matching techniques (nearest neighbour, calliper, stratification and kernel) were used to analyze the data and to remove the selection bias due to observable characteristics. The results from the four techniques consistently show that ASI rice thresher adopters borrowed more money (between 194,000 and 432,000 CFA) in comparison to their neighbours who had not adopted the ASI thresher. This study recommends that, in order to move rice system development closer to meeting the Sustainable Development Goals, policymakers and other stakeholders should increase their proactive efforts to promote ASI adoption in Senegal and other rice-producing regions in Africa. The originality of this paper and its contribution to the literature mainly lie in the quantification of the credit farmers gained and the increase in their creditworthiness due to the adoption of a technology. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 478-488 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1855746 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1855746 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:2:p:478-488 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1853315_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Romanus Osabohien Author-X-Name-First: Romanus Author-X-Name-Last: Osabohien Author-Name: Isaiah Olurinola Author-X-Name-First: Isaiah Author-X-Name-Last: Olurinola Author-Name: Oluwatoyin Matthew Author-X-Name-First: Oluwatoyin Author-X-Name-Last: Matthew Author-Name: Daniel E. Ufua Author-X-Name-First: Daniel E. Author-X-Name-Last: Ufua Title: Social protection intervention and agricultural participation in West Africa Abstract: This study contributes towards the achievement of the United Nations (UN) 2030 Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 1.3 which is to ‘implement appropriate social protection for all to mitigate risk and vulnerability’ by examining how social protection interventions contribute to agricultural participation in 15 West African countries which are members of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). Data for the study were sourced from the World Bank Country Policy and Institutional Assessment (CPIA), World Development Indicators (WDI) and the World Governance Indicators (WGI) for the period 2005–2018. The study applied the generalised method of moments (GMM) to resolve the possible issue of endogeneity that may result from the pooled ordinary least squares (POLS) and fixed effects. Findings showed that social protection is a significant driver of agricultural participation. This is based on the fact that two social protection variables included in the model, social protecting ratings and policy for social inclusion, are positive and statistically significant in explaining the level of agricultural participation in ECOWAS. This implies that a percentage increase in the level of social protection ratings and policy for social inclusion may increase agricultural participation by about 7.36% and 3.94%, respectively. The study recommends that effective social protection policies and programmes should be designed to transform the agricultural sector in West Africa. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 472-477 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1853315 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1853315 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:2:p:472-477 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1864882_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: William Makumbe Author-X-Name-First: William Author-X-Name-Last: Makumbe Title: The impact of organizational culture on employee creativity amongst Zimbabwean academics Abstract: The fourth industrial revolution has created a highly complex global market landscape that requires creative employees. In such an environment, a conducive organizational culture is a prerequisite for high levels of employee creativity. However, prior research suggests that the link between organizational culture and employee creativity remains under-researched. For this reason, this study investigated the impact of organizational culture on employee creativity in a public university. This study adopted a survey design to collect data from a sample of 195 respondents. The data were analyzed using the structural equation modelling technique and the results revealed that whereas group, developmental and rational cultural typologies were positively associated with employee creativity, hierarchical culture had a negative relationship with employee creativity. These results are important in facilitating the creation of appropriate policies that can facilitate the development of a conducive organizational culture for employee creativity at the workplace. This study contributes to the field of organizational behaviour by validating the link between organizational culture and employee creativity from a developing country perspective. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 523-531 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1864882 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1864882 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:2:p:523-531 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1864881_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: René Rivera-Huerta Author-X-Name-First: René Author-X-Name-Last: Rivera-Huerta Author-Name: Nidia López-Lira Author-X-Name-First: Nidia Author-X-Name-Last: López-Lira Title: Innovation in the informal sector: The case of plastic recycling firms in Mexico Abstract: Beyond job creation, informal economic activities have received little recognition for their contribution to economic systems. However, in recent years, new research trends have suggested that enterprises in the informal sector have productivity potential that can be encouraged through technological innovation. Nevertheless, the majority of these studies come from Asian and African countries, relegating Latin America’s contributions to a marginal proportion. Through a qualitative analysis, this paper makes a pioneering contribution to the topic from a Mexican perspective, corroborating the presence of different types of innovations in the informal plastic industry and sizing its reach and social diffusion. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 291-301 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1864881 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1864881 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:2:p:291-301 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1837415_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: O. Bello Author-X-Name-First: O. Author-X-Name-Last: Bello Author-Name: O. Olanrewaju Author-X-Name-First: O. Author-X-Name-Last: Olanrewaju Title: Factors influencing biometric technology adoption: Empirical evidence from Nigeria Abstract: An exploratory investigation of factors influencing adoption of biometric technologies among public and private organizations in Nigeria is carried out in this study. Based on a modified technology-organization-environment (TOE) theoretical framework, an empirical analysis using data from questionnaires surveyed on these organizations was performed. The results show that compatibility, organizational size, top management support, trust between organizations, competitive pressure and uncertainty have significant influence on biometric technology adoption among these organizations. However, there is not enough evidence to support complexity, relative advantage, cost, employee resistance, technical knowledge and government support as having significant effect on biometric technology adoption. The implication of this study is that decision-makers in organizations need to pay more attention to the factors influencing biometric technology adoption in order to prevent fraud, curb insecurity and restrict unauthorized access to their digital and physical assets. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 392-404 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1837415 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1837415 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:2:p:392-404 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1857543_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Yohannes Halefom Gebrtetsadik Author-X-Name-First: Yohannes Halefom Author-X-Name-Last: Gebrtetsadik Title: Impact of rural, non-farm activities on smallholder farmers’ income-poverty in Eastern zone of Tigray Region, Ethiopia Abstract: This study aims at assessing the impact of rural, non-farm activities on smallholder farmers’ income-poverty. It answers these research questions: Is there any significant difference in the poverty indices between the participants and non-participants of non-farm activities? What is the average treatment effect of rural, non-farm activities on smallholder farmers’ income-poverty? The study design was a survey based on cross-sectional data collected from 352 randomly selected farm households. To attain its objectives, the cost of basic needs based on the daily nutritional cut-off point of 2200 kcal/adult equivalent was used to establish the local poverty line. The Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) results indicated that farmers engaged in non-farm activities have lower incidence, depth, and severity of poverty. Furthermore, the propensity score matching analysis shows non-farm activities have a significant positive impact (at 1%; t = 5.86) on smallholder farmers’ income-poverty reduction. This suggests that poverty eradication policies and interventions require a paradigm shift away from equating rural livelihoods with agriculture and should address the constraints facing farmers for participation in non-farm activities like weaving, spinning, knitting, embroidery, metalwork, masonry, and pert trade. This study should make a contribution to addressing the dearth of literature on the issue and to the eradication of rural poverty. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 504-511 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1857543 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1857543 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:2:p:504-511 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1840052_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Chioma Anadozie Author-X-Name-First: Chioma Author-X-Name-Last: Anadozie Author-Name: Mathias Fonkam Author-X-Name-First: Mathias Author-X-Name-Last: Fonkam Author-Name: Jean-Paul Cleron Author-X-Name-First: Jean-Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Cleron Title: Assessing mobile phone use in farming: The case of Nigerian rural farmers Abstract: Most existing literature in the field of mobile phones for agriculture and rural development adopted an economic stance that focused mainly on agriculture marketing and pricing. Little attention has been given to other areas of the farming value chain. To address this shortcoming, this study adopts an interpretive approach, to assess the influence of mobile phone use in farming and its effect on the livelihoods of poor rural farmers. Analysing interviews from farmers in a rural Nigerian agrarian community based on the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach (SLA), the findings reveal that the ease of communications, social interactions, improved farm skills and knowledge afforded by mobile phone use leads to improved opportunities for farmers. These opportunities resonate in the entire farming value chain thereby enhancing farmers’ livelihoods. However, some human capital deficiencies and contextual factors bordering on language barrier, lack of capability and awareness in the use of mobile phone features and functionalities inhibit farmers from benefiting optimally from the leverages provided by mobile phones. This calls for policies geared towards capacity building and sensitization of the rural populace on the prospects of mobile phone use in farming. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 418-427 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1840052 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1840052 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:2:p:418-427 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1829353_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Jemima Alla Houessou Author-X-Name-First: Jemima Alla Author-X-Name-Last: Houessou Author-Name: Basil Mugonola Author-X-Name-First: Basil Author-X-Name-Last: Mugonola Author-Name: Walter Odongo Author-X-Name-First: Walter Author-X-Name-Last: Odongo Title: Value chain and marketing margins analysis of watermelon: An insight from Northern Uganda Abstract: Watermelon is one of the emerging market oriented agricultural products with potential of improving rural livelihoods and alleviating poverty. Consequently, watermelon is attracting attention and gaining a bigger market share as a cash crop. This paper analyzed the value chain and marketing of watermelon in Northern Uganda. Data was collected through a cross sectional survey of 300 watermelon value chain actors (100 producers, 100 wholesalers and 100 retailers). Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, value chain mapping, ordinary least squares regression and gross margin analysis. Results shows that the watermelon value chain in Northern Uganda involves six actors embedded within eight differentiated channels. The producer-wholesaler-retailer-consumer channel was the dominant watermelon marketing channel, handling 77% of marketed watermelon per month. Marketing margin analysis shows that watermelon marketing is a profitable venture to all value chain actors, with producers having the highest marketing margins (98%) compared to wholesalers (58%) and retailers (64%). The study finds that watermelon marketing margins are significantly influenced by access to credit, access to marketing channels information and labour costs. Results of this study call for policy interventions that enable access to low-cost credit facilities for watermelon value chain actors. Additionally, there is need to improve the dissemination of watermelon marketing information to enable value chain actors make informed marketing decisions. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 359-367 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1829353 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1829353 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:2:p:359-367 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1847385_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Brian Muroyiwa Author-X-Name-First: Brian Author-X-Name-Last: Muroyiwa Author-Name: Nasiphi Masinda Author-X-Name-First: Nasiphi Author-X-Name-Last: Masinda Author-Name: Abyssinia Mushunje Author-X-Name-First: Abyssinia Author-X-Name-Last: Mushunje Title: Smallholder farmers’ adaptation strategies to mitigate the effect of drought on maize production in OR Tambo District municipality Abstract: There is evidence that climate variability has affected agriculture and the expectation is that the situation will get worse over time. This study examined smallholder farmers’ adaptation strategies to mitigate the effects of drought on maize production in OR Tambo District in South Africa. A questionnaire was used to collect primary data from 200 farmers, which was then analyzed using descriptive statistics, the adaptation strategy index and the double hurdle model. The study utilized the adaptation strategy index to establish the relationship between adopting adaptation strategies and maize production. The farmers ranked the adaptation strategies in terms of their usefulness in adapting to drought and successfully alleviating a decline in maize production. The farmers ranked shifting of planting date, reduction of maize cultivated area, planting drought resistant varieties, crop diversification and intercropping as the most useful adaptation strategies. The study utilized the double hurdle model to identify the factors affecting the farmers’ adoption of drought adaptation strategies. The study found that gender of the household head, level of education of the household head, household size, extension services and land ownership influence farmers’ choice of adaptation strategies. Training of woman who head households and poor farmers on climate change adaption strategies options available is necessary. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 459-471 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1847385 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1847385 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:2:p:459-471 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1847378_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Selama Gebreslassie Yebyo Author-X-Name-First: Selama Gebreslassie Author-X-Name-Last: Yebyo Title: Soil erosion risk analysis and mapping for conservation planning at Mihtsab-Azmati micro-dam watershed, Northern Ethiopia Abstract: This study was conducted to quantify, analyze and map soil erosion risk areas using remotely sensed data and GIS-based Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model at Mihtsab-Azmati Irrigation Dam Watershed, Northern Ethiopia. Based on the result, the watershed has potential soil erosion risk which ranges from 0 ton hectare−1 year−1 to 2980.12 ton hectare−1 year−1 with an average annual soil erosion rate of 110.06 ton hectare−1 year−1. From the entire watershed area, only 27% of it has a soil loss a value less than 15 ton hectare−1 year−1 which is relatively categorized under low soil erosion risk, while the remaining area (73%) experiences moderate to very high soil loss rates. A large area (50.7%) is under high to very high soil loss (>50 ton hectare−1 year−1). The majority of the study watershed area experiences a very high soil erosion rate and this could be a major threat to the new irrigation dam constructed at the outlet of the watershed due to the sedimentation problem, which could decrease the economic lifespan of the dam. Hence, from the conservation perspective, a large proportion of the upper watershed area requires immediate and appropriate soil conservation measures. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 451-458 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1847378 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1847378 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:2:p:451-458 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1844854_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Dubale Abate Author-X-Name-First: Dubale Author-X-Name-Last: Abate Author-Name: Fikadu Mitiku Author-X-Name-First: Fikadu Author-X-Name-Last: Mitiku Author-Name: Rijalu Negash Author-X-Name-First: Rijalu Author-X-Name-Last: Negash Title: Commercialization level and determinants of market participation of smallholder wheat farmers in northern Ethiopia Abstract: Wheat market participation improves the income and economic growth of many smallholder farmers in Ethiopia. Despite this, smallholder farmers are not enough to participate in the wheat market so that commercialization level is very low due to different factors. This study, therefore, identified the determinants of market participation of smallholder wheat farmers and measured its commercialization level in Northern Ethiopia. The data were collected from 190 randomly selected sample households using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and the double hurdle model were used to analyze the collected data. The descriptive result revealed that the average commercialization level of the sample wheat farmers was 10.26%. The model result showed that the age, educational level, current selling price, wheat market experience, access to market/information, off/none farm income, family size, market orientation, distance to all weather roads and land size allocated for wheat significantly affected the smallholder wheat farmers’ market participation. Therefore, a policy on improving market access (by improving market infrastructure, marketing facilities, and encouraging contract farming), farmers’ awareness on market (by farmers’ training), and productivity of land (using the best agronomic practice and improved technology) should be designed to enhance smallholder farmers’ commercialization level. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 428-439 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1844854 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1844854 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:2:p:428-439 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1844944_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Kenneth Nhundu Author-X-Name-First: Kenneth Author-X-Name-Last: Nhundu Author-Name: Colleta Gandidzanwa Author-X-Name-First: Colleta Author-X-Name-Last: Gandidzanwa Author-Name: Petronella Chaminuka Author-X-Name-First: Petronella Author-X-Name-Last: Chaminuka Author-Name: Manana Mamabolo Author-X-Name-First: Manana Author-X-Name-Last: Mamabolo Author-Name: Sandile Mahlangu Author-X-Name-First: Sandile Author-X-Name-Last: Mahlangu Author-Name: Moraka N. Makhura Author-X-Name-First: Moraka N. Author-X-Name-Last: Makhura Title: Agricultural supply response for sunflower in South Africa (1947–2016): The partial Nerlovian framework approach Abstract: The study estimates sunflower supply response in South Africa using time series data from 1947 to 2016, modelled through the Nerlovian Partial Adjustment approach. Short- and long-run price elasticities of 0.238 and 0.313 respectively, suggest that farmers do not easily adjust acreage devoted to sunflower given price changes, indicating the influence of other non-price factors. An adjustment coefficient of 0.272 indicates that the time taken to adjust from the actual to the desired acreage level is slow, at 27% per year. The estimated elasticities provide some scope for using price and non-price incentives to influence sunflower production in the long-run. This could facilitate decision-making by sunflower producers to spearhead internal and external adjustment processes. The study contributes to a growing body of literature on agricultural supply response determinants, thus providing evidence-based macro-economic tools towards agricultural policy-making and reform process. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 440-450 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1844944 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1844944 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:2:p:440-450 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1819684_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Lindiwe Ngcobo Author-X-Name-First: Lindiwe Author-X-Name-Last: Ngcobo Author-Name: Ajuruchukwu Obi Author-X-Name-First: Ajuruchukwu Author-X-Name-Last: Obi Author-Name: Sampson Mamphweli Author-X-Name-First: Sampson Author-X-Name-Last: Mamphweli Author-Name: Siphe Zantsi Author-X-Name-First: Siphe Author-X-Name-Last: Zantsi Title: Adoption and perceptions of biogas: Empirical evidence from rural households of Melani village in Raymond Mhlaba municipality Abstract: Renewable energies, which include biogas, have been identified as a possible panacea for the energy challenges faced by the poor and can potentially ensure that they obtain cheaper energy that is more accessible and environmentally sustainable. However, its adoption and use has been limited despite the important trade-offs it offers to rural households. Literature on agricultural innovations show that perceptions have an impact on decision-making in respect of adoption of new technology, and biogas is no exception. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of systematic studies on the adoption and perception of biogas. This study aimed to assess the use and perceptions of biogas among rural farming households and identify factors affecting adoption of biogas digesters. A cross-sectional survey of 48 households, randomly selected from Melani village, was conducted. Descriptive statistics and the Binary Logistic Regression (BLR) model were employed to address the study objectives. Descriptive statistics showed remarkable disparities between biogas adopters and non-adopters. Findings from the BLR show that age has a negative influence on biogas adoption, whilst employment status, land size and education have positive impacts on biogas adoption. Information on the economic benefits of low cost biogas should be accessible to rural households. We recommended that rural households be made aware of biogas digesters and the design of small-scale rural biogas policies take cognisance of the socio-economic characteristics of biogas adopters. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 350-358 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1819684 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1819684 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:2:p:350-358 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1827512_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Swapan Kumar Patra Author-X-Name-First: Swapan Kumar Author-X-Name-Last: Patra Author-Name: Mammo Muchie Author-X-Name-First: Mammo Author-X-Name-Last: Muchie Title: An assessment of South African technological capability using patent data from WIPO Patentscope database Abstract: The Post-Apartheid South African Government has produced three white papers (1996–2008), (2008–2018) and (2018–2028) on science technology and innovation for national development. In all these policy documents, science and technology-based industries are considered as priority areas in socioeconomic development. Using the Technological Capability (TC) framework, this paper is an attempt to assess South Africa’s national TC, using patent data from the WIPO Patentscope database. Patents granted to South African applicants or inventors are considered to measure the TC of South Africa. Data show that in recent years there has certainly been an increase in patenting activity in South African industries and other sectors. However, a clear and significant trend in patents is yet to emerge. Based on the IPC codes, most patents were granted in A61K (566 patents) and G06Q (518 patents). The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, South Africa (170 patents) is the most prolific institute followed by the University of Cape Town (148 patents). Although the number of joint patents is limited, the growth in their numbers in recent years shows an increase in collaboration activity among different actors. The University of Cape Town is the most active among the South African institutes in terms of collaborations. The study concludes with policy lessons relevant to the South African context. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 333-340 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1827512 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1827512 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:2:p:333-340 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1867363_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Kehinde O. Omotoso Author-X-Name-First: Kehinde O. Author-X-Name-Last: Omotoso Author-Name: Jimi Adesina Author-X-Name-First: Jimi Author-X-Name-Last: Adesina Author-Name: Ololade G. Adewole Author-X-Name-First: Ololade G. Author-X-Name-Last: Adewole Title: Profiling gendered multidimensional poverty and inequality in post-apartheid South Africa Abstract: Reducing the gender gap in poverty remains a priority for South African policymakers. Using the 2018 General Households Survey (GHS), this paper examines gendered multidimensional poverty in post-apartheid South Africa. The analyses draw on Alkire-Foster multidimensional poverty methodology to present multidimensional poverty measures for men and women. The dimensions and indicators used in this paper are slightly adapted to reflect the socioeconomic realities and circumstances that are unique to South African households and individuals. The results show a persistence in multidimensional poverty among women, as the magnitudes of multidimensional poverty measures remain higher for women than for men. Further findings show that the economic activity and health dimensions contribute substantially to poverty among men and women. Notably, contributions of unemployment and the presence of chronic disease(s) indicators for gendered multidimensional poverty are more considerable for women than for men. In order to further reduce gendered poverty, this paper recommends strengthening a social policy review that strongly promotes more job creation, health-enhancing interventions and potent ‘gender sensitive’ ideologies. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 564-576 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1867363 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1867363 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:2:p:564-576 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1866148_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mohammed Seid Hussen Author-X-Name-First: Mohammed Seid Author-X-Name-Last: Hussen Author-Name: Murat Çokgezen Author-X-Name-First: Murat Author-X-Name-Last: Çokgezen Title: Relationship between innovation, regional institutions and firm performance: Micro-evidence from Africa Abstract: The main aim of this paper is to examine empirically the extent to which firm-specific action, innovation, and an external factor, the quality of regional institution, affect firms’ productivity. To this end, a firm-level dataset from 15 African countries was used and the three-step CDM approach was employed to estimate the relationship. The empirical results of the study highlight that firms that invest in R&D are more innovative and innovative firms are more productive, indicating the importance of innovation for firms’ productivity. In addition, regional institutional quality has a significant positive effect on productivity, particularly for firms at low productivity distribution. Therefore, improving the quality of regional institutions, in addition to promoting R&D and innovation, is essential to enhance the productive capacity of firms in Africa. The present study contributes to the existing literature by providing new empirical evidence on the role of regional/local institutions on firm productivity for a region, Africa, which needs productivity enhancement the most. It is also recommended that further studies, similar to this one, should be carried out in order to better understand the topic in the context of African firms. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 316-332 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1866148 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1866148 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:2:p:316-332 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1835175_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: D.S. Nheta Author-X-Name-First: D.S. Author-X-Name-Last: Nheta Author-Name: R. Shambare Author-X-Name-First: R. Author-X-Name-Last: Shambare Author-Name: C. Sigauke Author-X-Name-First: C. Author-X-Name-Last: Sigauke Title: Micro-perspective lens on entrepreneurs in the early stage of business: Expectations vis-à-vis realities Abstract: In the early stage of business, which is where most new ventures fail, many entrepreneurs experience discrepancies between their entrepreneurial expectations and business realities. These discrepancies referred to by this paper as an entrepreneurial gap (EG) are, therefore, among other factors, professed to be responsible for the high attrition rate of emerging ventures in South Africa. An oversight in this area of EG, despite the provision of most required resources, may still lead to business failure. This paper argues that there is more yet to be comprehended regarding early-stage business success, concerning the entrepreneur component. The purpose of this paper was to recognize and classify factors responsible for establishing entrepreneurial gaps with the intent to improve the level of preparedness among emerging entrepreneurs. A qualitative approach with in-depth interviews was employed in the data collection. ATLAS ti 8 was used to unpack factors that instigate entrepreneurial gaps while posing challenges to emerging entrepreneurs in the early stage of business. The groups identified were: entrepreneur management, familism and personal management. The findings provide information that is credible to improving the level of preparedness among emerging entrepreneurs, and could be used by mentors, coaches and relevant support structures. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 384-391 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1835175 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1835175 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:2:p:384-391 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1879349_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ephraim Daka Author-X-Name-First: Ephraim Author-X-Name-Last: Daka Author-Name: Sadiyo A Siad Author-X-Name-First: Sadiyo A Author-X-Name-Last: Siad Title: Entrepreneurship and the innovation ecosystem policy: A case study in post-conflict Somalia Abstract: The science, technology and innovation (STI) framework is a fundamental catalyst for economic development, growth, and sustainability. Somalia has been recording moderate economic growth despite external shocks related to security, drought, and famine. However, there are severe shortcomings in the business environment, associated with the insufficient conceptually inclusive policy framework and the absence of direct and concrete pro-poor innovation policy instruments. On that basis, the study aimed to acquire a profound understanding of how the environment for innovation, policy, and regulations conditions entrepreneurship practices in a post-conflict Somalia context. The research conducted face-to-face interviews complemented by consultative workshops and a qualitative survey. The interviews involved 20 leaders representing government, business associations, and cross-sector practitioners. The main findings show that 55% of entrepreneurs had difficulties doing business due to the absence of regulatory and policy instruments. The respondents reported not knowing anything about an innovation policy framework. The paper suggests that the Somali government should initiate a pragmatic policy experimentation approach to identify workable instruments that can broadly support innovation in specific contexts instead of imitating developed countries' policy frameworks. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 577-584 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1879349 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1879349 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:2:p:577-584 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1819683_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Machanduke Lucas Shipalana Author-X-Name-First: Machanduke Lucas Author-X-Name-Last: Shipalana Author-Name: Sebenzile Reuben Masango Author-X-Name-First: Sebenzile Reuben Author-X-Name-Last: Masango Author-Name: Kedibone Goodwill Phago Author-X-Name-First: Kedibone Goodwill Author-X-Name-Last: Phago Title: What considerations exist for innovative public health management in the age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution? Abstract: The notion of innovation and the Fourth Industrial Revolution euphoria are not mutually exclusive and require a focused assessment on the readiness of governments around the world. Such assessments are more compelling for developing countries to determine their level of preparedness regarding changing global technological innovations. This is essential since public institutions across the globe are usually faced with a challenge of providing quality goods and services to the citizens. Innovative public health management strategies and approaches are seen as mechanisms that may provide solutions towards service delivery improvement; this also include developing countries such as South Africa. However, as highlighted in this article, public institutions are often characterized by various innovative management impediments and lack of effective innovative management considerations. These challenges are often blamed for untenable approaches to service delivery improvements in the public sector. With a distinct focus on the Department of Health in Limpopo province, this article focuses on the innovative public health management measures necessary for improvement in the public service. This is a necessary sub-national government posture that requires customized interventions regarding the local health needs of Limpopo province. In order to pursue the aforementioned study objective, the current researchers opted for a qualitative research approach. Semi-structured interviews and focus group discussion were used in succession as data collection strategies. These were conducted on Provincial health managers and District councils as respondents who were considered informative on the utilization of modern innovations. Document analysis was also considered critical for this approach to consider the manner in which the Provincial Department of Health operationalizes its conception of innovation within its systems. The findings highlight a need for innovative interventions, necessary to enhance the provision of public health services within the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 341-349 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1819683 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1819683 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:2:p:341-349 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1835172_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Yohannes Worku Author-X-Name-First: Yohannes Author-X-Name-Last: Worku Author-Name: Mammo Muchie Author-X-Name-First: Mammo Author-X-Name-Last: Muchie Title: Determinants of satisfactory performance in further education and training colleges in Gauteng Province Abstract: This research paper is a result of a comprehensive survey conducted in Further Education Training Colleges (FETC) providing educational services to South Africans residing in the various regions of Gauteng Province in South Africa. The main theme of the research was barriers that undermine service quality in teaching and learning in FETC institutions. The principal stakeholders of the study are educational leaders and administrators who sit on board councils in FETC institutions. Leadership quality in FETC institutions was measured and quantified by using a benchmark introduced by Northouse [2018. Leadership: Theory and Practice. Sage publications]. Ordered logit analysis was used for estimating and quantifying key predictors of service quality in teaching and learning as well as the efficient management of FETC institutions. Findings of the survey revealed that there is a need for elements of good institutional leadership. Examples of desirable attributes of leadership are honesty, personal integrity, accountability and transparency. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 368-376 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1835172 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1835172 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:2:p:368-376 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1840051_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Chioma Scholastica Ezennia Author-X-Name-First: Chioma Scholastica Author-X-Name-Last: Ezennia Author-Name: Mudaray Marimuthu Author-X-Name-First: Mudaray Author-X-Name-Last: Marimuthu Title: Factors that positively influence e-commerce adoption among professionals in Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria Abstract: Nigeria has a large population and growing consumer class, which makes it an attractive market for e-commerce. Despite the growing appetite for e-commerce in Nigeria, data shows that most Nigerians are still lagging in e-commerce evolution by continuing to dwell on traditional ways of shopping. If the full potential of e-commerce is to be reached, it is crucial to understand professionals’ perspective on e-commerce technology, because they have the spending capacity to adopt and use this technology. This study examined the factors that positively influence the adoption of e-commerce among professionals in the Surulere area of Lagos, Nigeria. A quantitative approach using a modified UTAUT2 framework was adopted. Data was collected from professionals in the Surulere area of Lagos by means of convenience sampling. The results show that behavioural intention is significantly influenced by performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, the facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, price value and perceived trust. The regression analysis showed that the model used accounts for 65% of the variance in e-commerce adoption in Nigeria. These findings provide online retailers and the Nigerian government important factors to enhance the adoption and usage of e-commerce in Nigeria, thus enhancing efficiency and effective productivity in the Nigerian economy. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 405-417 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1840051 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1840051 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:2:p:405-417 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1866146_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Collin L. Yobe Author-X-Name-First: Collin L. Author-X-Name-Last: Yobe Author-Name: Stuart R. D. Ferrer Author-X-Name-First: Stuart R. D. Author-X-Name-Last: Ferrer Author-Name: Maxwell Mudhara Author-X-Name-First: Maxwell Author-X-Name-Last: Mudhara Title: The financial and social efficiency of rural cooperatives in South Africa Abstract: Identifying the type of organization for achieving social efficiency for agricultural development remains a challenge. In this study, the relationship between the financial and social efficiency of South African agricultural cooperatives was examined. Data, comprising 1788 agricultural cooperatives, were obtained from the Cooperative Data Analysis System database. Only 387 observations without missing values were predicted in the empirical model. Data envelopment analysis scores for the financial and social efficiency indicators were computed. A two-stage residual inclusion method estimated the social efficiency model. The results show that social efficiency is positively influenced by financial efficiency and other factors. These include the number of employees, the enterprise type, and compliance with internal control practices. The social efficiency of agricultural cooperatives decreases for institutions that have recently been trained and that comply with the annual financial audits and profit tax. Social efficiency also decreases with age, but it increases with the square of the agricultural cooperative’s age. This suggests that financially-efficient agricultural cooperatives may achieve social efficiency, that young agricultural cooperatives are not the ideal candidates for addressing the social efficiency challenges of agricultural cooperatives, and that the current training received by agricultural cooperatives does not empower them with social efficiency. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 546-555 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1866146 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1866146 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:2:p:546-555 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1866145_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Joana Deladem Kwawu Author-X-Name-First: Joana Deladem Author-X-Name-Last: Kwawu Author-Name: Daniel Bruce Sarpong Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Bruce Author-X-Name-Last: Sarpong Author-Name: Frank Agyire-Tettey Author-X-Name-First: Frank Author-X-Name-Last: Agyire-Tettey Title: Technology adoption intensity and technical efficiency of maize farmers in the Techiman municipality of Ghana Abstract: This paper analyses the determinants of the intensity of adoption of improved maize technology, technical efficiency and constraints farmers faced in the Techiman Municipality of Ghana. To achieve the objectives, cross-sectional data were collected from 407 maize farmers. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and econometric models such as the Poisson model and the stochastic frontier model. The study found a positive and significant influence of extension contact, formal training, land ownership, hired labour, farm size and mobile phone ownership on the intensity of adoption of improved technology. The stochastic frontier model estimates also found maize farmers to be on, average, 70% technically efficient with increasing returns to scale of 1.26. The intensity of adoption, age, land ownership, livestock ownership and perception of soil fertility by the farmers with household size were found to statistically contribute to the technical efficiency of farmers. The study concludes that intensity of adoption of improved maize technology package elements increases productivity, and, therefore, recommends that subsidy packages and credit should be made available to farmers through government and other financial institutions to increase adoption intensity. This study addresses the gap in the use of improved and multiple maize technology in Ghana. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 532-545 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1866145 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1866145 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:2:p:532-545 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1525844_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Olawale Oladipo Adejuwon Author-X-Name-First: Olawale Oladipo Author-X-Name-Last: Adejuwon Title: User-producer interactions: Policy implications for developing appropriate innovations for small-scale agricultural production in sub-Saharan Africa Abstract: The dearth of technological progress in small-scale agricultural activities in sub-Saharan Africa has been majorly attributed to inappropriate innovations. This study employs the user-producer approach to recommend mechanisms to ensure the development of appropriate innovations for the sector. An analytical framework consisting of five types of policy actions which could foster the development appropriate innovations was developed from the approach to execute a qualitative analysis on a series of successful and failed attempts to mechanize small-scale oil palm fruit processing in Nigeria. The study revealed that initial technologies introduced failed because they were made to process other raw materials, were beyond the financial capability of processors and culturally incompatible. More successful innovations were found to be those developed in conjunction with processors. Recommended mechanisms include mandating and supporting research institutions to determine the needs of smallholders before R&D activities commence; funding the adoption and debugging of adopted technologies to further align technologies with smallholder needs; encouraging linkages among research institutions to enhance capabilities for problem solving; and increasing the number and types of research institutions in the sector to reduce the imposition of innovations. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1-12 Issue: 1 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1525844 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1525844 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:1:p:1-12 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1527540_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Patient Rambe Author-X-Name-First: Patient Author-X-Name-Last: Rambe Title: The influence of selected personal demographic and institutional variables on venture creation: A case of small technology-oriented ventures in an emerging economy Abstract: A gulf persists between literature that emphasises personal demographic (e.g. age and gender) variables as prime determinants of venture creation and research that foregrounds particular institutional (e.g. family) influences of venture creation. This study transcends the binaries of either micro-level demographics or institutional variables by examining the integrated influence of personal demographic (i.e. age and gender) and institutional variables (i.e. family role models and family recognition of venture creation) on the creation of technology-oriented ventures. The study drew on a cross-sectional survey that solicited information about the demographics of owner/managers of small technology-oriented firms in Mangaung Metropolitan Area and Matjhabeng Municipality. The study also explored how family variables in particular family role models and family recognition of venture creation influence the creation of ventures. The results suggest that venture creation is predominantly a young adult activity in which the effect of gender is evident. The results also suggest that family role models have a strong statistically significant relationship with all components of venture creation. However, family recognition of venture creation (a) is moderately statistically significantly related to resource mobilization and implementation of business decisions, while family recognition of venture creation (b) is moderately statistically significantly related to implementation of business decisions. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 13-28 Issue: 1 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1527540 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1527540 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:1:p:13-28 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1533678_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Vikki du Preez Author-X-Name-First: Vikki Author-X-Name-Last: du Preez Author-Name: Veronica Barnes Author-X-Name-First: Veronica Author-X-Name-Last: Barnes Author-Name: Thomas Wolfgang Thurner Author-X-Name-First: Thomas Wolfgang Author-X-Name-Last: Thurner Title: Bringing marginalized communities into the innovation journey: Digital storytelling as a means to express the better future for San people Abstract: Inclusive innovation builds on overcoming poverty through the creative power and problem-solving capacity of the poor. While the concept is met with increasing interest from policymakers, it is not clear how this collaboration is actually taking place. This paper introduces digital storytelling (DST) as a method to successfully give marginalized communities a voice in collaborative innovation processes. In contrast to previous experiences with DST that mainly look backward, we applied the technique in a pilot study to envisage a better future with the San community in Platfontein. This paper describes how the method was employed to engage community members to share their thoughts and ideas through DST. We further show that for these insights to become meaningful inputs for innovation, they need to be interrogated through thematic analysis by service design specialists. The method revealed a rich source of new ideas and thinking for contemporary service delivery. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 29-36 Issue: 1 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1533678 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1533678 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:1:p:29-36 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1541336_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Deribe K. Kacharo Author-X-Name-First: Deribe K. Author-X-Name-Last: Kacharo Author-Name: Zebedayo S. K. Mvena Author-X-Name-First: Zebedayo S. K. Author-X-Name-Last: Mvena Author-Name: Alfred S. Sife Author-X-Name-First: Alfred S. Author-X-Name-Last: Sife Title: Factors constraining rural households’ use of mobile phones in accessing agricultural information in Southern Ethiopia Abstract: This study examined factors constraining the use of mobile phones in accessing agricultural information by rural households in southern Ethiopia. A survey was employed to collect data from 320 randomly selected respondents. The result revealed that variables such as age, level of education, annual income, money spent on mobile phone per day; farm distance to the nearest town, ownership of mobile phones, mobile phone having handset FM radio and information need and seeking behaviour were important factors that affect the use of mobile phones in communicating agricultural information. The Bureau of Agriculture should consider these identified factors when designing strategies for dissemination of agricultural information using mobile phones. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 37-44 Issue: 1 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1541336 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1541336 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:1:p:37-44 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1547511_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ibrahim Abu Abduali Author-X-Name-First: Ibrahim Abu Author-X-Name-Last: Abduali Author-Name: Abdul-Moomin Adams Author-X-Name-First: Abdul-Moomin Author-X-Name-Last: Adams Author-Name: Mu-een Abdulai Author-X-Name-First: Mu-een Author-X-Name-Last: Abdulai Title: Seeking healthcare under the National Health Insurance Scheme’s capitation payment method in Wa Municipality, Ghana: Subscribers’ perspectives Abstract: The National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) in Ghana has three key stakeholders: National Health Insurance Authority, preferred primary providers (PPP) and subscribers. Since the introduction of the capitation payment method (CPM), research has focused on the NHIS and care providers with little attention on subscribers as stakeholders of the policy. This study sought to solicit the perspectives of the NHIS subscribers on the prospects and challenges of the NHIS CPM. Survey design was employed in this study involving 135 subscribers who were conveniently selected at 11 health facilities. Questionnaires were used to collect the data which were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results show that subscribers have little knowledge on how the CPM works as serious efforts have not been made to adequately educate the public on the policy. It was also found that subscribers were not able to obtain quality drugs from their PPPs due to the fact that some drugs which previously were on the NHIS drug list have been removed. This paper concludes that subscribers were ill-informed about the CPM even though it has the potential to improve access to health history of subscribers which is critical in providing quality healthcare. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 45-54 Issue: 1 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1547511 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1547511 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:1:p:45-54 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1550925_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Tabaro Kabanda Author-X-Name-First: Tabaro Author-X-Name-Last: Kabanda Title: Land use/cover changes and prediction of Dodoma, Tanzania Abstract: The primary objective of this paper is to analyze the past and present changes of Dodoma region and also predict the future changes using the Landsat satellite images of 1998, 2008 and 2018. In this study, land use and land cover change (LULC) is examined using remote sensing and Markov chains analysis. The study first uses remote sensing to detect LULC changes and then based on the result of classification images, predicts the 2030 LULC using Markov chains analysis. The results of the net change between 1998 and 2018 show that built-up land increased by 2221 ha, bare land by 15,737 ha and vegetation declined by 17,958 ha. Markov prediction to 2030 based on land use and land cover maps of 2008 and 2018 show that bare land has a high probability (0.61) of maintaining its current status in 2030. However, vegetation only has a probability of 0.41 for maintaining its current state, and it could convert to bare land at a probability of 0.43 and to built-up land at a probability of 0.015. The transition probabilities illustrate that most of the LULC are oriented towards the increase of the bare land and built-up land. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 55-60 Issue: 1 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1550925 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1550925 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:1:p:55-60 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1550926_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Abdi Yuya Ahmad Author-X-Name-First: Abdi Yuya Author-X-Name-Last: Ahmad Author-Name: Babikigalaga Denis Akouwerabou Author-X-Name-First: Babikigalaga Denis Author-X-Name-Last: Akouwerabou Author-Name: Yehualashet Demeke Lakew Author-X-Name-First: Yehualashet Demeke Author-X-Name-Last: Lakew Title: Natural resource endowment and firm-level innovation in Africa: Evidence from cross-country analysis Abstract: This paper investigates the impact of a country’s natural resource endowment on the innovation propensity of firms in Africa. It was expected that firms in resource-rich countries have less incentive to innovate than firms in resource-poor countries due to the destructive effects of large resource rents on supportive institutions and political order. The data used for the empirical analysis were obtained from the World Bank’s enterprise surveys global development indicators and the African Economic Outlook reports. The hierarchical nature of the analysis called for a multilevel mixed effect modelling strategy. Results suggest that firms in resource-rich countries are not necessarily less innovative than firms in resource-poor countries. High natural resource endowment appeared to reduce firm-level innovation only if associated with poor institutional and technological capabilities. The innovativeness of firms in resource-rich sub-Saharan Africa countries was found to be lower than that of firms in North African countries. The negative effect of poor institutional quality appeared to be dampened among firms with better innovation capabilities. The findings imply that building effective institutional environments and enhancing firm-level innovative efforts would help mitigate the ‘resource curse’ which, in turn, is dictated by the resulting types of political settlements in resource-rich African countries. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 61-75 Issue: 1 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1550926 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1550926 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:1:p:61-75 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1550927_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Isiaka Oluwole Oladele Author-X-Name-First: Isiaka Oluwole Author-X-Name-Last: Oladele Title: Influence of some selected natural and mineral binders on the bending and water absorption properties of recycled wastepaper-based composites for building application Abstract: This study revealed the influence of different natural and mineral binders on the bending and water absorption properties of developed wastepaper-based composites. The prepared binders; cassava starch, natural rubber latex and Ordinary Portland Cement were mixed in predetermined proportions with white and brown paper slurries, respectively to form homogenous pastes that were used for the production of the composite samples. The developed composites were allowed to cure at room temperature in the laboratory for 28 days after which bending and water absorption tests were carried out on the samples. It was deduced from the work that both white and brown paper pulp-based composites possess improved properties over the control sample. However, white paper pulp/cement with 60–40 wt.% proportion gave the best performance in bending modulus, bending strength at peak and yield as well as resistance to water absorption. Likewise, white paper pulp/natural rubber with 60–40 wt.% gave the best result in deflection at peak. Hence, white paper pulp and 60–40 wt.% proportion were found to be the superlative criteria for the development of paper pulp-based composites with optimum bending and resistance to water absorption properties. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 77-83 Issue: 1 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1550927 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1550927 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:1:p:77-83 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1550928_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Charles Mulinda Kabwete Author-X-Name-First: Charles Mulinda Author-X-Name-Last: Kabwete Author-Name: Gisaro M. Ya-Bititi Author-X-Name-First: Gisaro M. Author-X-Name-Last: Ya-Bititi Author-Name: Emmanuel Mushimiyimana Author-X-Name-First: Emmanuel Author-X-Name-Last: Mushimiyimana Title: A history of technological innovations of Gakinjiro wood and metal workshops Abstract: This article documents one of the ancient artisanal workshops in Kigali, Rwanda, focusing on wood and metal objects known as Gakinjiro. It attempts to understand two main aspects, namely the growth of Gakinjiro artisan organizations and technological innovations of their products. It addresses the following research questions: What is the history of the growth of Gakinjiro artisans’ organizations? And what was the technological innovation of materials, tools and products at Gakinjiro workshops? Using interviews, observation and documentary research, and referring to the existing theories of material culture, technological innovations in craft and innovation in developing countries, the article argues that technological innovations in Gakinjiro occurred mainly in the change and adaptation of existing objects into new models that fit the standards of the new market. In addition, to a lesser extent, innovation took place in the design of very new objects that were imagined due to their need in the market. The history of how artisans’ organizations moved from associations to cooperatives, how the number of artisans grew from the 1970s up to now and how artisans’ organization led to the improvement of working conditions informs us how innovation does not come from a vacuum. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 85-95 Issue: 1 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1550928 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1550928 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:1:p:85-95 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1550930_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Zeleke Worku Author-X-Name-First: Zeleke Author-X-Name-Last: Worku Title: Risk factors of failure in start-up textile enterprises Abstract: Despite various attempts made to curb the import of textile and clothing products from China, the demand for Chinese textile products and garments in Tshwane is quite high. Start-up enterprises operating in the textile industry of Gauteng Province in South Africa depend extensively on merchandise imported from China. The research was based on a five-yearlong study conducted by Marivate [2014. “The Impact of Entrepreneurial Skills on the Viability and Long-term Survival of Small Businesses: A case of the City of Tshwane, South Africa. European.” Journal of Business, Economics and Accountancy 2 (2): 53–72] by collecting data from a cohort of 312 textile enterprises operating in the City of Tshwane. The aim of study was to construct a survival probability model for the enterprises in the study as a means of identifying the most significant risk factor for failure in start-up textile enterprises. A semi-parametric survival model was used for identifying key risk factors for failure. The study found that about 51% of start-up businesses were viable at the end of the study period. The key determinants of survival and profitability were the ability to order merchandise in bulk on credit from wholesale Chinese suppliers, access to a trusted trading partner in China, ‘Guanxi’, and the attendance of at least one training session on entrepreneurial skills. Based on findings obtained from the study, there is no basis for recommending the elimination of low-wage employment in the textile and clothing industry of Tshwane. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 97-105 Issue: 1 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1550930 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1550930 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:1:p:97-105 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1550932_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Karta Kaske Kalsa Author-X-Name-First: Karta Kaske Author-X-Name-Last: Kalsa Title: Farmers’ attitudes and practices towards variety and certified seed use, seed replacement and seed storage in wheat growing areas of Ethiopia Abstract: Farmers’ prevailing attitudes and practices towards wheat variety and certified seed use, seed replacement and seed storage were assessed through a field survey following a multistage purposive sampling technique to identify 552 smallholder farmers from 10 districts (wereda) in three regional states (Oromiya, Amhara, and SNNP) in Ethiopia. Data were collected in 2013, using a structured questionnaire and subject to descriptive analysis and cross-tabulations. About 57.6% (n = 514) of respondents preferred wheat varieties with high yield whereas 39.9% of the respondents preferred varieties with disease resistance. Farmers purchased an average amount of 157.2 kg certified seed in one season, and most of them paid for it in cash, regardless of their attitudes to seed prices. Disease susceptibility of the existing variety was a significant reason why most farmers (63.8%, n = 538) purchased certified seed. Farmers in the studied areas have practised storing own saved seed up to one year. In conclusion, farmers have good knowledge of certified wheat seed, but their attitudes that dictated the frequency of purchase of certified seed have to be addressed adequately through backstopping of the certified seed supply chain with disease resistant varieties but that have minimum yield penalty. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 107-120 Issue: 1 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1550932 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1550932 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:1:p:107-120 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1550935_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Kayode Julius Samuel Author-X-Name-First: Kayode Julius Author-X-Name-Last: Samuel Author-Name: Bola Ayeni Author-X-Name-First: Bola Author-X-Name-Last: Ayeni Title: A GIS-based analysis of geographical accessibility to shared information and communications technology (ICT) infrastructure in a remote region of Nigeria Abstract: Shared ICT facilities provide alternative channels for accessing ICT services especially for the disadvantaged people who cannot afford the premium paid for personalized services. This study presents a GIS-based evaluation of geographical accessibility to shared internet and phone service centres in a remote and lagging region in Nigeria. Global Positioning System (GPS) location data were captured for settlements, phone and internet service centres and road network data were obtained for the study. Closest Facility solver in ArcGIS Network Analyst was employed to measure the accessibility of demand centres to existing phone service centres (telecentres) and Public Internet Access Centres (PIACs). The results showed that private actors are the main providers of shared ICT facilities in the study area. Moreover, a patron of ICT service needs to travel an average distance of 8.6 km to the nearest phone service centre and 17.2 km to the nearest PIAC to access these ICT services. The average distances that prospective patrons traverse to access phone and internet services are longer than the 5 km maximum prescribed by the universal access policy. Accessibility to shared ICT facilities remains poor in the remote rural areas. The government should consider innovative service delivery options like mobile telecentres to provide shared ICT facilities in these areas to foster inclusiveness in the new information society. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 121-129 Issue: 1 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1550935 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1550935 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:1:p:121-129 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1547512_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Abha Arya Author-X-Name-First: Abha Author-X-Name-Last: Arya Title: A Biography of Innovations: From Birth to Maturity Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 131-131 Issue: 1 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1547512 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1547512 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:1:p:131-131 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2001207_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Atoko Kasongo Author-X-Name-First: Atoko Author-X-Name-Last: Kasongo Author-Name: Moses Sithole Author-X-Name-First: Moses Author-X-Name-Last: Sithole Author-Name: Yasser Buchana Author-X-Name-First: Yasser Author-X-Name-Last: Buchana Title: Empirical analysis of innovation and productivity in services firms: The case of South Africa Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of innovation on productivity in the services sector firms in South Africa. Using a three-stage econometric model we find that service sector firms are innovative. We show that firm size, public financial support, patent protection and market sources of information have a positive impact on the decision to innovate. The level of investment in innovation significantly influences the success of both technological and non-technological innovations in service sector firms. The results find that both technological and non-technological innovations have a positive impact on labour productivity, with a greater impact from non-technological innovation. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1-13 Issue: 1 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.2001207 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.2001207 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:1:p:1-13 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2015172_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Souleimane Adeyemi Adekambi Author-X-Name-First: Souleimane Adeyemi Author-X-Name-Last: Adekambi Author-Name: Julius Juma Okello Author-X-Name-First: Julius Juma Author-X-Name-Last: Okello Author-Name: Jan Low Author-X-Name-First: Jan Author-X-Name-Last: Low Author-Name: Putri Ernawati Abidin Author-X-Name-First: Putri Ernawati Author-X-Name-Last: Abidin Author-Name: Edward Carey Author-X-Name-First: Edward Author-X-Name-Last: Carey Title: Does vitamin A rich orange-fleshed sweetpotato adoption improve household level diet diversity? Evidence from Ghana and Nigeria Abstract: Promoting the consumption of locally available food crops such as orange-fleshed sweetpotato (OFSP) that are rich in beta carotene, a precursor for vitamin A, has been shown to be a highly effective means of fighting against vitamin A deficiency at the community level when combined with nutrition education. After a three-year intervention promoting OFSP uptake using different market-led approaches, a structured survey was conducted among 204 participant and 422 non-participant households in Ghana and Nigeria in 2017. In this study, we test whether the adoption of OFSP has a significant effect on dietary diversity, using a counterfactual approach based on the conditional independence-based estimators of average treatment effect techniques. Results found that household, young child and woman’s dietary diversity scores increased when households adopted OFSP varieties. However, the positive effects of OFSP adoption on household dietary diversity only occurred in the Ghanaian sub-sample, not the Nigerian. Policymakers and development support partners should ensure institutional support in terms of intensive campaigns to sensitize farmers and their families about the benefits of these crops in order to create and sustain demand for biofortified foods as a means of fighting micronutrient malnutrition. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 59-68 Issue: 1 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.2015172 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.2015172 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:1:p:59-68 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2015164_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Chukwuebuka Bernard Azolibe Author-X-Name-First: Chukwuebuka Author-X-Name-Last: Bernard Azolibe Author-Name: Jisike Jude Okonkwo Author-X-Name-First: Jisike Jude Author-X-Name-Last: Okonkwo Author-Name: Victoria Ogochukwu Obi-Nwosu Author-X-Name-First: Victoria Ogochukwu Author-X-Name-Last: Obi-Nwosu Title: Technology-based banking and bank deposit: The Nigerian commercial banks’ experience Abstract: In this paper, we theorize a novel mechanism by which technology-based banking services – automated teller machines (ATMs), point of sale (POS), mobile and internet banking – stimulate bank deposit growth based on observed practical experiences. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds-testing and Granger causality approach were used to analyze the short-run, long-run and causal relationships among the variables for the period of 2006 quarter 1 to 2019 quarter 4. Since a long-run cointegrating relationship exists among the variables, the study proceeded with an error correction model (ECM). The results of the ARDL-ECM based analysis revealed that number of ATMs and value of POS transactions have a significant positive relationship with total bank deposits in Nigeria, both in the short run and long run. Those of mobile and internet banking were found to be negative and insignificant signifying that there is still low penetration of mobile and internet banking in Nigeria. Also, the Granger causality test result revealed that only the number of ATMs has a causal influence on bank deposits, suggesting that continuous deployment of ATMs by commercial banks is seen as the best strategy to boost deposit growth. Based on the findings, the study recommends that banks in Nigeria need to partner with the telecommunication sector to improve their network coverage and provide a fast and reliable network that is necessary for mobile and internet banking to thrive. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 31-44 Issue: 1 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.2015164 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.2015164 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:1:p:31-44 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2021602_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Helen Olubunmi Aderemi Author-X-Name-First: Helen Olubunmi Author-X-Name-Last: Aderemi Author-Name: Victor Oluwasina Sobanke Author-X-Name-First: Victor Oluwasina Author-X-Name-Last: Sobanke Author-Name: Matthew Olugbemiga Ilori Author-X-Name-First: Matthew Olugbemiga Author-X-Name-Last: Ilori Title: Human resources and innovation capability: Evidences from Nigeria food and beverage firms Abstract: Human resources are recognized as the ultimate and most indispensable resource in economic development. In this study, an inquiry was made to ascertain the determinants of workers’ innovativeness. A survey of 229 respondents in food and beverage processing firms selected through random and snowballing sampling techniques was implemented. Data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and the structural equation model. Findings reveal that though personal, family, organizational and social factors were hypothesized to be influencing the ability of employees to innovate, only family (β = 0.358; p < 0.001) and organizational (β = 0.213; p < 0.01) factors showed a significant and positive influence on employees’ innovativeness. The paper concludes that the support employees received from their homes and organizations is crucial and contributed significantly to their innovative ability. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 79-88 Issue: 1 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.2021602 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.2021602 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:1:p:79-88 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2015171_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Martin Maku Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Maku Author-Name: Enos Kitambo Author-X-Name-First: Enos Author-X-Name-Last: Kitambo Author-Name: Basil Mugonola Author-X-Name-First: Basil Author-X-Name-Last: Mugonola Title: Drivers of youth participation in maize value addition in Gulu district, Uganda Abstract: This study focused on drivers of youth participation in maize value addition in Gulu district. The study identified the socioeconomic characteristics of the participating and non-participating youth and further ascertained the drivers of youth participation in maize value addition. A cross sectional household survey was conducted in Gulu district in two selected sub-counties and two divisions. Data were collected from a randomly selected sample of 168 participating and non-participating youth in maize value addition using structured questionnaires. SPSS and StataSE13 software were used for data analysis. Independent t- and chi-square tests were used to ascertain if significant differences existed between the participating and non-participating youth in maize value addition. A probit model was used to estimate the determinants of youth participation in maize value addition. Our results revealed that participating youth differed from their non-participating counterparts by age, education, experience in maize value addition, access to market, and location. Factors which significantly influenced youth participation included age, education, land size for maize production, location, access to market, training and extension. The study recommends that targeted training be organized for youth in areas of value addition technologies and strategic business location to enhance successful participation in agri-value chains. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 45-58 Issue: 1 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.2015171 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.2015171 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:1:p:45-58 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2040828_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mesfin Mala Kalko Author-X-Name-First: Mesfin Mala Author-X-Name-Last: Kalko Author-Name: Obsa Teferi Erena Author-X-Name-First: Obsa Teferi Author-X-Name-Last: Erena Author-Name: Sara Adugna Debele Author-X-Name-First: Sara Adugna Author-X-Name-Last: Debele Title: Technology management practices and innovation: Empirical evidence from medium- and large-scale manufacturing firms in Ethiopia Abstract: In order to investigate empirically the effects of technology management on firm innovation, this paper considers the antecedents and multidimensional views of technology management mechanisms on innovation performance in medium- and large-scale manufacturing firms in a developing country, namely Ethiopia. Using simple random sampling, a total of 200 firms were chosen for this study to obtain responses from respondents. Four hypotheses were proposed for testing. Structural equation modelling and cross-sectional design were used to analyze the data using the LISREL 8.80 SIMPLIS program software tool. This study finds technology transfer and technology acquisition have significant positive effects on process innovation, product innovation, and method innovation. Technology process has a significant positive effect on process and method innovation. Technology absorption has a significant positive effect on product innovation. The major implication of this study is that technology management, coupled with appropriate technology management policies and strategies, is an appropriate resource to be used in the organization to enhance firm performance, particularly innovation and creativity. The paper contributes to the literature in that, unlike previous studies that are based on one aspect of technology management practices, this study examined the effects of each different type of technology management dimension on firms’ innovation. Thus, this study helps to gain further insights into the effects of technology management practices on firm innovation. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 107-123 Issue: 1 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2022.2040828 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2022.2040828 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:1:p:107-123 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2003510_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Smith A. R. Dossou Author-X-Name-First: Smith A. R. Author-X-Name-Last: Dossou Author-Name: Razack Adeoti Author-X-Name-First: Razack Author-X-Name-Last: Adeoti Author-Name: Augustin K. N. Aoudji Author-X-Name-First: Augustin K. N. Author-X-Name-Last: Aoudji Author-Name: Mignouna Djana Author-X-Name-First: Mignouna Author-X-Name-Last: Djana Title: Effect of entrepreneurial orientation on business performance of young women agribusiness owners in Benin: Do social and business environments matter? Abstract: This research examined how key entrepreneurial orientation (EO) dimensions influence business performance of young women agribusiness owners, as well as the moderating effects of social and business environments on these relationships. Data were collected from a sample of 365 young women agri-food processing business owners in Benin. Moderated multiple regression methods were used to test multiple hypotheses including the interaction effects of social and business environments. The three EO dimensions identified in the context of young women agribusiness owners, namely Innovative EO, Pro-active EO and Risk-taking EO, positively influence business performance. The joint effect of EO and social environment on business performance was not significant. In contrast, the business environment negatively moderates the relationship between EO and business performance. Furthermore, there is a three-way interaction between EO, social and business environments, such that these young women entrepreneurs achieve low level of performance when adopting EO in social and business environments with high levels of barriers. The training of potential young women agribusiness owners on the appropriate EO, and the establishment of an innovation platform to jointly draft and implement action plans could enhance the performance of young women agribusiness owners. This study provides a critical understanding of what EO dimensions to stimulate for increased economic success of young women agribusiness owners. It also highlights the specific conditions for the effectiveness of EO on business performance of these entrepreneurs in developing contexts such as Benin. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 14-30 Issue: 1 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.2003510 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.2003510 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:1:p:14-30 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2043809_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Abebaw Abibo Author-X-Name-First: Abebaw Author-X-Name-Last: Abibo Author-Name: Mammo Muchie Author-X-Name-First: Mammo Author-X-Name-Last: Muchie Author-Name: Zerayehu Sime Author-X-Name-First: Zerayehu Author-X-Name-Last: Sime Author-Name: Wondemhunegn Ezezew Author-X-Name-First: Wondemhunegn Author-X-Name-Last: Ezezew Title: Factors affecting the innovation ecosystem in public universities in Ethiopia Abstract: Universities are now at the centre of the knowledge economy, and they do innovate, but Ethiopian universities have not done much of it. The overall goal of this paper is thus to investigate the innovative behaviour of Ethiopian public universities, with a particular focus on determining the driving forces of innovation and research output in Ethiopian public universities. The determinant factors of innovation activities were analyzed by using panel data analytical frames, with innovation and research output measured in patents and publications, respectively. The data were gathered from Ethiopian public universities between the years 2016 and 2020, with a sample of 24 universities chosen purposely. The result reveals that research output is affected by age of university, number of collaborations with international universities, research funding, number of PhD programmes, and number of research projects done. Innovation is also affected by the number of programmes and the number of MSc/MA staff. To improve research output and innovation in Ethiopian public universities, the study recommends increasing research budgets, strengthening collaboration with international universities, and expanding PhD programmes. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 135-150 Issue: 1 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2022.2043809 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2022.2043809 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:1:p:135-150 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2058161_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Swapan Kumar Patra Author-X-Name-First: Swapan Kumar Author-X-Name-Last: Patra Title: Science, Technology & Innovation and Intellectual Property: Leveraging Openness for Sustainable Development in Africa Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 151-152 Issue: 1 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2022.2058161 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2022.2058161 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:1:p:151-152 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2016559_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Sinqobile Sihlobo Author-X-Name-First: Sinqobile Author-X-Name-Last: Sihlobo Author-Name: Sipho Mbatha Author-X-Name-First: Sipho Author-X-Name-Last: Mbatha Title: University-industry-government research and development collaborations in public higher education institutions in South Africa Abstract: This paper explores the university, industry and government (UIG) research and development (R&D) collaborations that academia in South African higher education institutions (HEIs) with clothing-related programmes engage in. In the research on which the paper is based, Fashion, Consumer Science, Textiles and Clothing Management academia were purposively sampled to gather data regarding the UIG R&D collaborations. Data collection was conducted through an online questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze data and present results in figures and graphs. Findings show that majority surveyed academia had never been involved in UIG R&D collaborations with any government levels, the clothing, textiles, leather and footwear (CTLF) industry or other clothing related organizations. The paper concludes that the ability of surveyed academia to produce ‘relevant’ new knowledge may be limited due to under developed UIG R&D collaborations. The likelihood of the surveyed clothing-related programmes producing graduates with ‘relevant skills’ for a changing world may also be negatively impacted. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 69-78 Issue: 1 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.2016559 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.2016559 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:1:p:69-78 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2043808_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Rene W. Albertus Author-X-Name-First: Rene W. Author-X-Name-Last: Albertus Author-Name: Frank Makoza Author-X-Name-First: Frank Author-X-Name-Last: Makoza Title: An analysis of the COVID-19 contact tracing App in South Africa: Challenges experienced by users Abstract: South Africa is one of the countries in Africa that has a high COVID-19 virus infection rate. The government of South Africa introduced the COVID Alert SA App, a contact tracing mobile application (App), to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 virus. This paper reports on the challenges users experienced when using the COVID Alert SA App. Using the design-reality gap model, the study analyzed online user reviews of the App and government reports. The qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis to highlight insights on the challenges of using the COVID Alert SA App. The findings indicate that public awareness was a major limitation of the App, amongst others, including a lack of trust relating to privacy and security when using the App, and a lack of technical support. The insights can be useful for developers, researchers, policymakers, and other stakeholders to improve the adoption and use of the contact tracing App to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 virus. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 124-134 Issue: 1 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2022.2043808 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2022.2043808 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:1:p:124-134 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2037178_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Yichalewal Goshime Author-X-Name-First: Yichalewal Author-X-Name-Last: Goshime Author-Name: Daniel Kitaw Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Author-X-Name-Last: Kitaw Author-Name: Frank Ebinger Author-X-Name-First: Frank Author-X-Name-Last: Ebinger Author-Name: Kassu Jilcha Author-X-Name-First: Kassu Author-X-Name-Last: Jilcha Title: Developing an improved reverse engineering adoption model towards the improvement of performance in metal engineering industries Abstract: Purpose: This research aims to develop an improved model that promotes reverse engineering /RE/ practice in metal engineering industries (MEIs). RE is one cost-effective technology transfer /TT/ and innovation method that improves organizational performance. However, only a few scholars have written on the adoption of RE models, and no one has contextualized TT and innovation models as a means to adopt RE practice. Methodology: Primarily, the study conducted a systematic literature review based on previous works to develop a conceptual model for RE adoption. To do this, the researchers conducted an intensive literature review and identified factors contributing to the model. Contextualizing TT and innovation factors and models within the new RE adoption model is also a significant part of the work. After a comparative analysis, the researchers developed the improved RE adoption model that enhances the performance of MEIs. Finding: The majority of previous related literature focuses on RE hardware, with only a few authors acknowledging the soft aspects, i.e., managerial and legal issues of RE practice. Besides, no authors contextualized factors of TT and innovation within the RE adoption. In this study, the researchers identified and clustered RE adoption factors as organizational, technological, managerial, and resource-based from previous RE adoption models and contextualization of TT and innovation adoption factors. Originality: To the best of the writers’ knowledge, no previous authors have contextualized TT and innovation models within the adoption of RE. However, such models have a substantial impact on adopting the practice. Hence, the researchers developed an improved model by examining and contextualizing the existing models that can impact MEI performance through improving product, process, and technological capabilities. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 89-106 Issue: 1 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2022.2037178 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2022.2037178 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:1:p:89-106 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1400711_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Osagie Ibhadode Author-X-Name-First: Osagie Author-X-Name-Last: Ibhadode Author-Name: I. T. Tenebe Author-X-Name-First: I. T. Author-X-Name-Last: Tenebe Author-Name: P. C. Emenike Author-X-Name-First: P. C. Author-X-Name-Last: Emenike Author-Name: O. S. Adesina Author-X-Name-First: O. S. Author-X-Name-Last: Adesina Author-Name: A. F. Okougha Author-X-Name-First: A. F. Author-X-Name-Last: Okougha Author-Name: F. O. Aitanke Author-X-Name-First: F. O. Author-X-Name-Last: Aitanke Title: Assessment of noise-levels of generator-sets in seven cities of South-Southern Nigeria Abstract: Noise pollution has been shown to be a global health hazard and this could be aggravated by the use of noise-emitting generators. Therefore, this study aims to determine the Sound Pressure Levels $(SPLs),$(SPLs), Sound Power Levels $(L_W)$(LW) as well as Noisiness of sixty different models with various Power-ratings from fourteen generator brands, commonly used in homes/offices in seven cities covering South-Southern Nigeria. The results obtained between January 2013–December 2015 showed that for nearly all generator brands, models and ratings, the values of $SPL$SPL were above the Permissible Noise Exposure Limits $(PNELs)$(PNELs) recommended by $WHO,$WHO, $USEPA$USEPA and $EN$EN of $90dB(A),$90dB(A), $75dB(A)$75dB(A) and $70dB(A)$70dB(A) respectively for $8hour$8hour daytime safe human exposure. Also, the ‘Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test’ analyses showed that the three (3) alternative hypotheses $[H_a:SPL \gt 90dBA]$[Ha:SPL>90dBA], $[H_a:SPL \gt 75dBA]$[Ha:SPL>75dBA] and $[H_a:SPL \gt 70dBA]$[Ha:SPL>70dBA] are statistically-significant and should be accepted – further implying that: the decibel-ratings of majority of these generator-models are evidently hazardous. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 125-135 Issue: 2 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1400711 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1400711 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:2:p:125-135 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1405545_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: W. Quaye Author-X-Name-First: W. Author-X-Name-Last: Quaye Author-Name: J.A. Onumah Author-X-Name-First: J.A. Author-X-Name-Last: Onumah Author-Name: C. Tortoe Author-X-Name-First: C. Author-X-Name-Last: Tortoe Author-Name: P.T. Akonor Author-X-Name-First: P.T. Author-X-Name-Last: Akonor Author-Name: E. Buckman Author-X-Name-First: E. Author-X-Name-Last: Buckman Title: Investigating the adoption of the root and tuber composite flour (RTCF) technology transferred among micro- and small-scale entrepreneurs (MSEs) in the bakery industry in Ghana Abstract: A survey was conducted to investigate the extent of adoption of root and tuber composite flour (RTCF) technology transferred among micro- and small-scale entrepreneurs (MSEs) in the bakery and pastry industry in Ghana. A total of 268 respondents were surveyed from the Brong Ahafo, Ashanti, Eastern, Volta, Western and Central regions in Ghana. The overall adoption rate of the RTCF technology among the 268 respondents was estimated at approximately 40%; Ashanti (75.7%), Eastern (43.1%), Volta (41%) and Brong Ahafo (21.4%). Results confirmed that adoption rate of the RTCF was tied to availability, accessibility and affordability of the RTCF in the local communities. Modelling adoption decision of the RTCF technology using the Probit model indicated that process innovation and age of bakers had significant positive influence on the decision to adopt the RTCF technology. Younger bakers with less experience also increased the probability of adoption It is therefore important to encourage bakers to be innovative through the adoption of best practices and technologies that have the potential to increase productivity and efficiency. Adoption of the RTCF technology has significant implications for enhanced food security situation in Ghana. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 137-145 Issue: 2 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1405545 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1405545 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:2:p:137-145 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1412609_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Oluwatoyin Seun Ayanlade Author-X-Name-First: Oluwatoyin Seun Author-X-Name-Last: Ayanlade Title: Electronic Medical Record System as a central ICT tool for quality healthcare services: Nigeria as a case study Abstract: This study uses mixed methods to evaluate the benefits and challenges of implementing the Electronic Medical Record System (EMRS). Using Southwestern Nigeria as a case study, the study focuses on the factors that have been delaying the introduction of EMRS; the perception of both the staff and patients and the risks associated with the implementation of the EMRS in the Nigerian health sector. The results reveal that the majority of the hospitals in the study area still engage in manual record-keeping which is time consuming and keeps the patient waiting, and is very frustrating, especially in emergent conditions. The results show that 99% of participants in the study survey perceived that EMRS would bring better effectiveness to healthcare services in Nigeria. This is evident from the representativeness that about 67.2% of respondents strongly agreed that EMRS would bring fast and efficient healthcare services while 96.7% believed that improved power supply would aid its effectiveness. Thus, the key finding of this study is that erratic power supply is an important challenging factor in the introduction and implementation of EMRS in Nigeria. Over the past decades, healthcare providers have been under pressure to give medical services in a complex and bureaucratic settings with increasing population of patients. There is a need for constant power supply for effective running of any information system project like EMRS. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 147-157 Issue: 2 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1412609 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1412609 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:2:p:147-157 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1412610_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Amaka Chinweude Ogwueleka Author-X-Name-First: Amaka Chinweude Author-X-Name-Last: Ogwueleka Author-Name: Stanley Nnamdi Ogbonna Author-X-Name-First: Stanley Nnamdi Author-X-Name-Last: Ogbonna Title: Effect of positive organizational behaviour (POB) characteristics on construction employees’ turnover in Uyo City of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria Abstract: Low turnover of skilled construction employees is paramount to any construction organization in order to boost high rate of skilled and talented workers. The global shortage of skilled workers within the construction industry provides the need to investigate factors that can reduce construction employees’ turnover and also promote organizational performance. The study examines the perception of construction employees based on the characteristics of POB in Uyo City, Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria. The research survey was carried out through a structured questionnaire and archive records. Information for data analysis was collected at two stages: (a) directly from the case organizations, and (b) from the respondents within each case organization. The findings reveal their responses using the four POB characteristics which are hope, resilience, optimism and self-efficacy, and how they influence work performance and employee turnover. The analysis based on job description reveals that both managerial staff and operational staff are more responsive to hope while operational staff are more responsive to self-efficacy. The effects of POB characteristics were measured on employee turnover rate in each case organization. The findings further reveal that the case organizations with high employee turnover have hope and self-efficacy as the most critical POB factors influencing their performance while resilience is considered as most critical for organization with the lowest employee turnover rate. A POB characteristics model was developed to provide positive interventions using the identified parameters pertaining to the study area. The study recommends that for organizations to remain competitive, they need to harmonize work life and personal life to maintain happier employees. This can be achieved through adopting POB characteristics in the workplace. The study recommends the adoption of identified POB characteristics among construction workers to improve work performance. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 159-168 Issue: 2 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1412610 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1412610 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:2:p:159-168 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1414111_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: J. O. Akinyele Author-X-Name-First: J. O. Author-X-Name-Last: Akinyele Author-Name: A. Ajede Author-X-Name-First: A. Author-X-Name-Last: Ajede Title: The use of granulated plastic waste in structural concrete Abstract: This work looked at the ways in which waste plastic can be effectively recycled as an alternative material in concrete production. The granulated plastic waste was used to partially replace fine aggregate (quarry dust) at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% and the concrete formed from the replacement was termed P0, P5, P10, P15 and P20, respectively. Slump tests were used to determine the workability of the wet concrete, while compressive strength, tensile strength, bending moment and deflection tests were carried out on the hardened concrete. The slump test results obtained showed that P20 concrete has shear failure, while the test on hardened concrete showed gradual reduction in concrete strength as more granulated plastic was added to the concrete mix. The work concluded that granulated plastic can partially substitute fine aggregate in concrete up to 20%, and recommended the concrete for lightweight concrete based on defined standards. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 169-175 Issue: 2 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1414111 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1414111 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:2:p:169-175 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1423008_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: C. Tengan Author-X-Name-First: C. Author-X-Name-Last: Tengan Author-Name: C.O. Aigbavboa Author-X-Name-First: C.O. Author-X-Name-Last: Aigbavboa Author-Name: A.E. Oke Author-X-Name-First: A.E. Author-X-Name-Last: Oke Title: Evaluation of UFPA quality assessment criteria for monitoring and evaluation system in the Ghanaian construction industry Abstract: The need to ensure that construction project monitoring and evaluation systems generate the required project information for effective project delivery and decision-making is imperative for project success. The study evaluates the UFPA quality assessment criteria for monitoring and evaluation system in the Ghanaian construction industry. The study employed the use of a structured questionnaire for data collection from forty (40) purposively selected construction industry professionals practising as consultants and contractors. Data collected were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The mean item score (MIS) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to compute the mean ranking of the quality assessment criteria and to compare the difference of means amongst the various groups and the assessment criteria. The findings revealed, in order of importance, accuracy, feasibility, propriety and utility as significant in influencing the quality of M&E systems in the Ghanaian construction industry. The analysis of variance also revealed no significant difference between the response of the two groups of respondents: consultants and contractors. The study recommends the adoption of the UFPA model as an essential quality assessing criterion for construction project M&E systems in the Ghanaian construction industry to enable effective M&E of projects. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 177-181 Issue: 2 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1423008 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1423008 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:2:p:177-181 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1436737_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Lauri Johannes Hooli Author-X-Name-First: Lauri Johannes Author-X-Name-Last: Hooli Author-Name: Jussi Sakari Jauhiainen Author-X-Name-First: Jussi Sakari Author-X-Name-Last: Jauhiainen Title: Building an innovation system and indigenous knowledge in Namibia Abstract: Namibia, like many southern African countries, aims to become a knowledge-based society with a well-established innovation system (IS). Development based on knowledge and innovation reduces poverty and inequality, even if this causality is also contested. In this study, we analyzed the development of an IS in Namibia with a particular focus on indigenous knowledge (IK). Embedding IK in innovation policies is often seen as an opportunity to adjust the general concept of ISs to local contexts and practices and include bottom-up approaches in policies. In Namibia, the establishment of key institutions and strategies for an IS is supported by international development aid. In operational IS practices, the focus is on a science-technology-innovation mode of learning that requires high analytical knowledge and a well-functioning IS – which are rare in Namibia. The results of our study reveal that the doing-using-interacting mode of learning and IK create comparative advantages and provide ability for positive societal change in the local communities. However, despite high expectations, the practical outcomes of innovations based on IK are limited. Nevertheless, beyond its economic value, IK is important for developing countries’ innovation policy development, as it can facilitate the participatory processes of local communities in the establishment of ISs. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 183-196 Issue: 2 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1436737 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1436737 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:2:p:183-196 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1439288_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Martin Adane Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Adane Title: Cloud computing adoption: Strategies for Sub-Saharan Africa SMEs for enhancing competitiveness Abstract: Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) need to design and implement strategies for adopting new technologies as a competitive tool for maintaining their competitive advantage and cloud computing is at its peak. Since its emergence, there has been a surge in the adoption of cloud computing with research into its adoption primarily concentrated on bigger firms. However, a major characteristic of cloud computing is the anticipated possibilities it holds for SMEs. This paper primarily explores cloud computing adoption strategies for SMEs operating in Sub-Saharan Africa. Using a mixed method approach, a sample of 261 respondents and 11 SMEs was respectively used for the quantitative and qualitative stages of the research. The results reveal that, even though SMEs have their unique expectations for adopting cloud computing, they were of the consensus that elements of an adoption strategy should include adoption goals, a roadmap and considerations. The paper makes specific recommendations to SMEs to develop adoption strategies that meet their specific needs if they expect cloud computing to play a stronger role to support more strategic initiatives to grow their businesses and improve customer experience. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 197-207 Issue: 2 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1439288 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1439288 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:2:p:197-207 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1440920_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Oluwatoyin Oladayo Onipe Author-X-Name-First: Oluwatoyin Oladayo Author-X-Name-Last: Onipe Author-Name: Daniso Beswa Author-X-Name-First: Daniso Author-X-Name-Last: Beswa Author-Name: Victoria Adaora Jideani Author-X-Name-First: Victoria Adaora Author-X-Name-Last: Jideani Author-Name: Afam Israel Obiefuna Jideani Author-X-Name-First: Afam Israel Obiefuna Author-X-Name-Last: Jideani Title: Optimization of processing conditions for oil reduction of magwinya (a deep-fried cereal dough) Abstract: Obesity – a known risk factor for some metabolic diseases – is still of global concern deeply rooted in unhealthy diet and lifestyle choices. Magwinya, a wheat-based deep-fried snack, absorbs up to 14% of oil. Wheat bran (WB), can serve as additive for fibre enrichment and oil reduction; hence this investigation on the optimization of WB, fermentation and frying time on oil uptake of magwinya. Using response surface methodology, WB concentration, fermentation time and frying time were independent variables that generated 15 runs from Box-Benkhen experimental design for magwinya production. Responses were weight, diameter, volume, crust and crumb colour, hardness, ash, oil and moisture content. Goals of the optimization process were set to minimize oil and maximize ash contents. Variations in WB and frying time had a significant effect on all dependent variables and WB significantly (p < 0.05) reduced oil by 42.86% and increased ash content by 61.78%. Coefficient of determination (R2) values above 0.8 was used to determine fitness of models. Variables for optimum fried dough were 15 g WB, 120 min fermentation time and 3 min frying time at 0.92 desirability value. Fibre enrichment using WB can significantly improve quality and reduce oil uptake in traditional fried cereal dough. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 209-218 Issue: 2 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1440920 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1440920 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:2:p:209-218 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1443412_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ashenafi Yimam Kassaye Author-X-Name-First: Ashenafi Yimam Author-X-Name-Last: Kassaye Title: Contemporary institutional solid waste management practices of Haramaya University, Eastern Ethiopia Abstract: Even though waste products arise from our ways of life and are generated at every stage of the process of production and development, the type of decision making that leads to adequate solid waste management requires a sound understanding of the composition and processes that determine the generation of waste. So, to be successful, the first step is to carry out solid waste characterization studies. The aim of this paper is twofold. First, it investigates the generation rate and physical composition of solid waste. Second, it examines the existing status and spatial coverage of institutional solid waste management practices of Haramaya University (HU). The sampling methods employed to select the study units include stratified sampling, systematic random sampling and purposive sampling. Questionnaires, field observations, field measurement and semi-structured interviews were employed to assess the soundness of waste management practices. The wastes generated on HU main campus can be estimated to be 3,509,077.15 kg/year (9483.99 m3) and 2788.68 kg/day (7.537 m3). The per capita generation of solid waste was highest (0.288 kg/person/day) at household residential buildings followed by 0.079 kg/person/day at administrative and academic staff buildings and 0.052 kg/person/day at the students’ dormitory. Manual segregation of the collected wastes comprised both biodegradable (89.21%) and non-biodegradable waste (10.79%) materials. This indicates that waste reduction through composting is a potential alternative if the biodegradable waste can be successfully separated at the source. Moreover, the current waste management system at the university is already overtaxed due to lack of institutional coordination and insufficient and skilled manpower resources. Evidences to this fact are low collection rates and lack of proper scientific disposal mechanisms. Based on the findings, the formulation and implementation of integrated solid waste management strategy are suggested. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 219-238 Issue: 2 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1443412 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1443412 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:2:p:219-238 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1010774_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Boladale Abiola Adebowale Author-X-Name-First: Boladale Abiola Author-X-Name-Last: Adebowale Author-Name: Bitrina Diyamett Author-X-Name-First: Bitrina Author-X-Name-Last: Diyamett Author-Name: Rasmus Lema Author-X-Name-First: Rasmus Author-X-Name-Last: Lema Author-Name: Oyebanji Oyelaran-Oyeyinka Author-X-Name-First: Oyebanji Author-X-Name-Last: Oyelaran-Oyeyinka Title: Introduction Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: v-xi Issue: 5 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1010774 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1010774 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:5:p:v-xi Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_970424_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Michael Kahn Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Kahn Title: The rise of the BRICS and resource nationalism: challenge and opportunity for Africa's innovation systems Abstract: A new ‘scramble for Africa’ is presently underway. Unlike that of the late 19th century, this second scramble does not rely upon the capture of assets through extra-territorial force. This time around the capture is not overtly violent, being advanced in the person of multinational corporations, both private and state-owned. The new scramble is intimately linked to the emergence of the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa). Inevitably, African states face difficult choices in their engagement with the state and non-state actors of the BRICS countries. Many African states have weak institutions – administrative, health, education and communications included. In the attempt to advance development, some states have adopted resource nationalism, which has emerged as a response to the new modes of exploitation. There is also evidence of a return to the promotion of the developmental state, an idea that was pushed aside during the triumphal phase of neo-liberalism of the last decades of the twentieth century. These dynamics hold the possibility that resource rents could be deployed generally to energise institutions, and particularly to grow country innovation systems. At present only two African countries, Tunisia and South Africa, display strongly diversified economies that host functioning and reasonably well-articulated innovation systems. Elsewhere, African economies are highly dependent on the primary sector and their innovation systems are emergent or disarticulated. Botswana stands out as an example of a state that has successfully played the resource nationalism card. This paper sets out to explore the politico-economic implications of the BRICS vis-á-vis Africa; the phenomenon of resource nationalism in the context of the developmental state; the nature of African innovation systems; and the possibilities of leveraging financial resources toward economic diversification and innovation system development and consolidation. There is a dearth of studies that locate innovation policy within larger social, political and economic structures. This paper seeks thereby to break this new ground. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 369-381 Issue: 5 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.970424 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.970424 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:5:p:369-381 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_970427_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Frank L. Bartels Author-X-Name-First: Frank L. Author-X-Name-Last: Bartels Author-Name: Ritin Koria Author-X-Name-First: Ritin Author-X-Name-Last: Koria Title: Mapping, measuring and managing African national systems of innovation for policy and development: the case of the Ghana national system of innovation Abstract: The systemic approach to innovation as key to economic development, in the context of the knowledge-based economy is increasingly evident and is of strategic value in terms of industrial and development policy (Bartels et al. 2012). The national system of innovation (NSI) of a country is therefore vital for enabling increased competitiveness through accelerated economic performance (Bartels and Voss 2005) and is crucial for developing countries hoping to catch up with advanced industrialised economies (Arocena and Sutz 2000). Innovation and NSI, previously seen linearly, are now viewed with a systemic network perspective. This perspective yields improved policy craft (Balzat 2002). In order to allocate limited resources effectively and efficiently through targeted policy, to increase industrial development and competitiveness, there is the need to map, measure and thereby manage the interactions of the core actors and barriers to innovation within the NSI (Bartels et al. 2009). The approach herein encapsulates the simultaneous application of a single data acquisition survey instrument (DASI) to the four core actors in the NSI (government, medium-and high-technology industry, knowledge-based institutions, arbitrageurs). Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 383-400 Issue: 5 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.970427 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.970427 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:5:p:383-400 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_983305_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Bitrina Diyamett Author-X-Name-First: Bitrina Author-X-Name-Last: Diyamett Author-Name: Musambya Mutambla Author-X-Name-First: Musambya Author-X-Name-Last: Mutambla Title: Foreign direct investment and local technological capabilities in least developed countries: some evidence from the Tanzanian manufacturing sector Abstract: Foreign direct investment has been found to be one of the very important ways of building local technological capabilities for developing countries, and an important channel through which international diffusion of knowledge and technology takes place. While this has been demonstrated in some of the middle income countries, very little is known on the extent and how this can happen in an environment of a least developed country. Focusing on the Tanzanian manufacturing sector, this study sought to shed some light on this crucial issue. Specifically, the study attempted to determine the extent to which the Tanzanian manufacturing sector has acquired technological capabilities as a result of the presence of foreign firms. The result indicates that the Tanzanian manufacturing firms – including foreign – demonstrate technological capabilities at a basic level, and extremely few local firms acquired these from the foreign companies. While a number of reasons – including weak linkages between foreign and local companies – have been offered, the major one seems to be the negligible technology gap between foreign and local companies. Consequently, this is one area among others that the government needs to address. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 401-414 Issue: 5 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.983305 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.983305 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:5:p:401-414 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_970434_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Julius Ecuru Author-X-Name-First: Julius Author-X-Name-Last: Ecuru Author-Name: Peter O. Lating Author-X-Name-First: Peter O. Author-X-Name-Last: Lating Author-Name: Lena Trojer Author-X-Name-First: Lena Author-X-Name-Last: Trojer Title: Innovation characteristics of formal manufacturing firms in Uganda Abstract: Manufacturing firms ought to innovate in order to stay competitive in a highly liberalised and open economy. This is even more crucial in low income countries, which seek accelerated economic growth and transformation. In this paper, we describe innovation characteristics of formal manufacturing firms in Uganda, in the subsectors of food and beverages, chemicals and pharmaceuticals. We show from empirical findings that formal manufacturing firms in the aforementioned subsectors in Uganda are active in incremental and adaptive innovations. The innovations are accomplished in-house with some assistance from other firms abroad. Local universities and research organisations appear not to be participating much in formal manufacturing firms' innovation processes. The challenge, from the perspective of firms, is fear of competition and lack of trust. Universities and research organisations, on the other hand, need to be proactive in engaging firms. Conferences, business associations, inter-firm visits, and joint programmes are some of the firm-preferred means of fostering interactions between firms, universities and other organisations. Innovation capabilities of Ugandan manufacturing firms could be enhanced if local universities and research organisations become more actively involved in firm innovation processes. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 415-423 Issue: 5 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.970434 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.970434 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:5:p:415-423 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_970437_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Lena Trojer Author-X-Name-First: Lena Author-X-Name-Last: Trojer Author-Name: Birgitta Rydhagen Author-X-Name-First: Birgitta Author-X-Name-Last: Rydhagen Author-Name: Tomas Kjellqvistt Author-X-Name-First: Tomas Author-X-Name-Last: Kjellqvistt Title: Inclusive innovation processes – experiences from Uganda and Tanzania Abstract: It has been well known since the 1960s that developing countries need to improve their capacity to use science and technology and that more efforts must be put into R&D that would benefit poor countries and people. Serious efforts to accomplish this exist but they are still too few and small in relation to the size of the problem. Whilst the supply of knowledge and competent people slowly has been growing, there is still a continued lack of demand for domestic knowledge. Foreign consultants dominate knowledge supply to government, industry and aid donors. Small firms and farms are not used to articulate their demand for knowledge. Such weak demand and timid articulation are typical signs of emerging innovations systems. Despite this, there are signs of a fragmented domestic creative potential that could be mobilised to increase innovation for inclusive development. In this article, practical experiences in Uganda and Tanzania illuminate possibilities to articulate and address the knowledge demand from firms and farms through cluster formation. In this type of cluster formations, universities have key roles as knowledge providers and as intermediaries that assist in building the ties and linkages necessary to move the innovation system to a higher state. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 425-438 Issue: 5 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.970437 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.970437 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:5:p:425-438 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_970438_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Padmashree Gehl Sampath Author-X-Name-First: Padmashree Gehl Author-X-Name-Last: Sampath Title: Industrial development for Africa: Trade, technology and the role of the state Abstract: The discourse on the nature of the developmental state and industrial policy options for Africa has become central to debates on how to promote overall growth and prosperity in the continent. This article poses a fundamental question on the nature of the developmental state for Africa: should the developmental state be focused on applying policy learnings from other successful experiences of economic catch-up or should it be focused on identifying and addressing the challenges faced by African countries in particular in the current context? Arguing for the latter and cautioning against seeking to replicating successful experiences without a clear identification of local challenges to development, the article uses data from 1970–2012 to highlight the most pressing developmental concerns for sub-Saharan Africa. The paper then presents some thoughts on the nature, scope and form that the African developmental state can take. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 439-453 Issue: 5 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.970438 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.970438 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:5:p:439-453 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_979660_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Bengt-Åke Lundvall Author-X-Name-First: Bengt-Åke Author-X-Name-Last: Lundvall Author-Name: Rasmus Lema Author-X-Name-First: Rasmus Author-X-Name-Last: Lema Title: Growth and structural change in Africa: development strategies for the learning economy Abstract: This paper discusses opportunities and policy options for African countries seeking innovation and learning based development strategies. What kind of policies and institutions are necessary in order to transform the current increase in rents from commodities exports into industrial investment and upgrading of agriculture and agro-industrial development? This question is raised in the context of competing theories about economic development. On the basis of empirical patterns and theoretical considerations we discuss policy options in relation to the African reality. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 455-466 Issue: 5 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.979660 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.979660 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:5:p:455-466 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_978543_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Abdelkader Djeflat Author-X-Name-First: Abdelkader Author-X-Name-Last: Djeflat Author-Name: Yevgeny Kuznetsov Author-X-Name-First: Yevgeny Author-X-Name-Last: Kuznetsov Title: Innovation Policy Reforms, Emerging Role Models and Bridge Institutions: Evidence from North African Economies Abstract: This article focuses on role models of modern innovation based development and public interventions to diffuse and scale up these role models. It discusses the so-called bridge institutions of innovation, which transform skills into knowledge valued by markets. It shows how these institutions (science and technology parks, international universities and skilled diaspora networks) promote innovation and create high productivity employment. Policy to promote innovation is, therefore, designed as a process with endogenous dynamics, where one-step follows the other and evolves in three time horizons: immediate (entry points), medium term (the critical mass effect) and long-term (major structural reforms). Case studies from North African countries indicate that entry points are numerous and more common than originally expected and that key issues are mostly linked to building critical mass in the medium term, and achieving structural reforms and cultural change in the long-term. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 467-479 Issue: 5 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.978543 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.978543 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:5:p:467-479 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_983731_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Banji Oyelaran-Oyeyinka Author-X-Name-First: Banji Author-X-Name-Last: Oyelaran-Oyeyinka Title: The state and innovation policy in Africa Abstract: This paper examines the role of African states in the process of industrialisation. It sets out to examine the nexus of state capacity, innovation policy and the dynamics of development. The methodology is largely qualitative through which a historical narrative of governmental investments in large industries most of which failed is related. While we attribute much of industrial failure to a ‘weak’ state, we recognise the difficulty involved in of the process of technological learning to industrialise in an environment of underdevelopment. The paper recognises state capacity building as a complex multi-level undertaking that must put collaborative learning as a central plank of development. The country encountered a process of industrialisation that is complex because states need to provide coordination among very many disparate actors using a bureaucratic outfit that was short on the fundamentals of science technology and industrialisation processes. We recommend a regime of sustained state capacity building whereby the Nigerian state and by extension other countries, continuously learn from its past shortcomings while learning to coordinate all the critical actors to take advantage of the prospective growth surge across African countries. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 481-496 Issue: 5 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.983731 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.983731 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:5:p:481-496 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1156837_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Adebukola Onashoga Author-X-Name-First: Adebukola Author-X-Name-Last: Onashoga Author-Name: Adebayo Ogunjobi Author-X-Name-First: Adebayo Author-X-Name-Last: Ogunjobi Author-Name: Thomas Ibharalu Author-X-Name-First: Thomas Author-X-Name-Last: Ibharalu Author-Name: Oluwafunmilayo Lawal Author-X-Name-First: Oluwafunmilayo Author-X-Name-Last: Lawal Title: A secure framework for SMS-based service delivery in m-government using a multicast encryption scheme Abstract: The use of mobile devices has revolutionised the world. Their affordability, high availability and usage convenience could transform the current governance to mobile government. However, in literature, the existing m-government architecture in Africa does not adequately consider security in its feature. This paper proposes a framework for mobile government using SMS as a tool, which is considered affordable, reliable and secure for Nigerian government. The adoptable framework has four major components, namely: m-government administration, security/privacy, m-services and m-participation/trust. A secure platform for this SMS transmission based on multicast encryption system is presented with some policies to guide its adoption. A prototype of the proposed design is implemented on a peer-peer platform in order to display the uniqueness of the framework. To examine the readiness of the population for its adoption in Nigeria, this paper analyses the use of the technological acceptance model. Seventy questionnaires were administered to citizens, measuring their responses to perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU), attitudes towards usage (ATU) and behavioural intention to use (BIU) the mobile system. The results of the study indicated that citizens’ PEOU had a significant influence on ATU. Subsequently, PEOU had the strongest significant influence on PU. From data analysis, 95% of the respondents indicated a usability acceptance. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 247-255 Issue: 3 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1156837 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1156837 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:3:p:247-255 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1156838_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Stephen Nyende-Byakika Author-X-Name-First: Stephen Author-X-Name-Last: Nyende-Byakika Title: Occupational safety and health issues on road construction sites in sub-Saharan Africa: A case study from Uganda Abstract: The road construction industry in Uganda has been boosted in recent years in an effort to foster economic development. Safety practices within the industry, however, leave a lot to be desired and this exposes workers to unnecessary occupational risks. This paper presents research findings on various safety aspects pertaining to interaction of traffic with workers, material handling, and plant and equipment used on road construction sites, and the risks these pose to workers. Various accidents and injuries that occur on road construction sites have been studied and remedial measures have been proposed. Conclusions that were drawn point towards proper work zone layouts, fairly good traffic management on the sites, good condition of plant and equipment and regular provision of first aid on the one hand; and inadequate usage of personal protective equipment, poor state of hygiene, insufficient training and inefficient safety committees on the other. As recommendations, traffic management should be emphasised, with the provision of personal protective equipment, observation of hygiene and emphasis of safety at tendering stage. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 256-263 Issue: 3 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1156838 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1156838 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:3:p:256-263 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1156840_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Chidozie Chukwuemeka Nwobi-Okoye Author-X-Name-First: Chidozie Chukwuemeka Author-X-Name-Last: Nwobi-Okoye Author-Name: Ikechukwu Etienne Umeonyiagu Author-X-Name-First: Ikechukwu Author-X-Name-Last: Etienne Umeonyiagu Title: Modelling the effects of petroleum product contaminated sand on the compressive strength of concretes using fuzzy logic and artificial neural networks: A case study of diesel Abstract: In this study an artificial neural network (ANN) and fuzzy logic (FL) were used to predict the compressive strength of concrete produced with diesel contaminated sand. Concrete was produced using sand contaminated with diesel at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 5 and 10 percent, and each batch cured for 7, 14, 28, 58, 90 and 118 days. The compressive strength of the concretes was measured for each percentage contamination and curing time. Subsequently, an ANN and FL models were developed used to predict the compressive strength of the concrete. The ANN model predictions with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.99316 predicted better than two FL models which predicted with correlation coefficient (R) values of 0.9086 and 0.8038 respectively. The results show that ANN and FL models could be used to predict the compressive strength of concretes produced with diesel contaminated sand. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 264-274 Issue: 3 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1156840 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1156840 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:3:p:264-274 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1163473_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Pius Bamidele Mogaji Author-X-Name-First: Pius Bamidele Author-X-Name-Last: Mogaji Title: Design and fabrication of an improved maize shelling machine Abstract: The objective of this work is to design and develop an improved maize shelling machine in terms of better time management, affordable cost, portability and mechanical efficiency. The method used involved selecting appropriate materials, and utilisation of theories of failure that enable the determination of allowable shear stress on the bearing supports. It features the design calculations necessary for the completion of this work. The improvement in this work is its shelling efficiency without breaking the maize cob. The machine can be operated both manually and mechanically. A maize Sheller with a capacity of 3 horsepower was made effective for the shelling of maize. The efficiency of the machine is 96% and the production cost is ₦80 000 Nigerian naira (approximately $540). Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 275-280 Issue: 3 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1163473 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1163473 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:3:p:275-280 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1163474_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Olayinka Akanle Author-X-Name-First: Olayinka Author-X-Name-Last: Akanle Author-Name: Jimi O. Adesina Author-X-Name-First: Jimi O. Author-X-Name-Last: Adesina Author-Name: Uchendu Stella Chiamaka Author-X-Name-First: Uchendu Author-X-Name-Last: Stella Chiamaka Title: Rural hometown construction among the youth in Nigeria: Agencies of significant others and media Abstract: Youths as a critical socio-demographic cohort represent the gauge of societies relative to the present and future. Youths’ construction(s) of the rural thus present(s) a veritable corridor through which powerful socioeconomic and ideological contestations emergent in the rural-urban divide debates can be well understood in the digital media age of developing countries, especially in Africa. While many studies have been conducted on factors driving the rural-urban divide in developing countries, most focus on migrations with very little attention to social construction(s) of rural space and people, particularly relative to significant others and digital ancillaries. This article thus examines how urban youths construct their being relative to their rural hometown origin. The article is empirical with the use of secondary and primary data within exploratory non-experimental research design with intergenerational factoring that interconnects kin, media (Nollywood) and the youths in rural construction contexts. Useful findings were made and valid conclusions reached, and these are presented in this article. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 281-291 Issue: 3 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1163474 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1163474 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:3:p:281-291 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1163475_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: C. A. Okoronkwo Author-X-Name-First: C. A. Author-X-Name-Last: Okoronkwo Author-Name: B. O. Ezurike Author-X-Name-First: B. O. Author-X-Name-Last: Ezurike Author-Name: R. Uche Author-X-Name-First: R. Author-X-Name-Last: Uche Author-Name: J. O. Igbokwe Author-X-Name-First: J. O. Author-X-Name-Last: Igbokwe Author-Name: O. N. Oguoma Author-X-Name-First: O. N. Author-X-Name-Last: Oguoma Title: Design of a hand water pump using a quick-return crank mechanism Abstract: The detailed design procedure for a quick-return mechanism hand water pump is presented. The system designed is basically a modification to reciprocating lift pumps also known as India mark III. The modified pump is operated by the up and down reciprocating movement of the handle. The major problems associated with the India mark III pump were the high level of fatigue of the operator, and low pump capacity. These problems motivated the design and fabrication of a manually operated hand pump that employs a quick-return mechanism and a gear drive in the power train to ease the operation and at the same time increase the pump’s capacity. Results obtained show that the quick-return mechanism has a capacity of 15.2 litres/min which will require an effort of 102.7 N, whereas the conventional lever lift mechanism has a capacity of 10.65 litres/min and requires an effort of 127 N. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 292-298 Issue: 3 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1163475 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1163475 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:3:p:292-298 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1163478_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Nathanael Ojong Author-X-Name-First: Nathanael Author-X-Name-Last: Ojong Title: Remittances, mobile phones and informality: Insights from Cameroon Abstract: Research on mobile phones abound. However, the use of the mobile phone as an informal value transfer mechanism has received little attention. This paper attempts to fill this lacuna in academic literature by focusing on the ‘why’ and ‘how’ of ‘airtime remittances’ in Cameroon. The paper shows that remittance mechanisms are embedded in social relations, and sheds light on the social meaning of informal remittance sending practices. It argues that although formal and informal remittance channels may be conceptually mutually exclusive, in practice they are interrelated. Depending on the local context, formal and informal remittance mechanisms may be mutually reinforcing. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 299-308 Issue: 3 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1163478 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1163478 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:3:p:299-308 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1163479_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Zelda A. Elum Author-X-Name-First: Zelda A. Author-X-Name-Last: Elum Author-Name: Vuyo Mjimba Author-X-Name-First: Vuyo Author-X-Name-Last: Mjimba Title: Green economy transition and the sustainability of the Nigerian aquaculture industry: Policy perspectives and the way forward Abstract: Sustainable development and green economy transition call for innovations that address the simultaneous realisation of economic growth, and improved human and environmental well-being. A holistic and appropriate policy and legislative regime is important to ensure the efficacy of these innovations. This research explored how policies and institutions in Nigeria relate to the need and drive for a sustainable aquaculture industry. The findings show that the policies and regulations do not address all aspects that could give rise to such an industry. The paper suggests the need for a holistic policy and institutions audit to determine their suitability for the new growth and development agendas. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 309-319 Issue: 3 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1163479 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1163479 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:3:p:309-319 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1163480_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Severino Machingambi Author-X-Name-First: Severino Author-X-Name-Last: Machingambi Title: Academic staff development: A lever to address the challenges of the 21st-century university classroom Abstract: This paper reports on how a university of technology used design research to plan and roll out an academic staff development programme so as to influence the institutional throughput rate. The study forms part of the institution’s effort to understand and address the generally unsatisfactory performance of the South African higher education system in facilitating the success of the majority of the student population. The programme is grounded in the constructivist paradigm. The paper examines the major aspects of the programme namely, the preliminary phase, the teaching experiment and the retrospective analysis. The study established that this initiative, while necessary, was not sufficient on its own to make an impact of the magnitude that is required given the enormity of the problem of student low throughput rate. It is therefore recommended that the university under study, in collaboration with other universities, explore and implement more impact-oriented action plans that are meant to enhance student learning outcomes. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 320-326 Issue: 3 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1163480 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1163480 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:3:p:320-326 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1096508_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Okey Francis Obi Author-X-Name-First: Okey Francis Author-X-Name-Last: Obi Title: Effect of briquetting temperature on the properties of biomass briquettes Abstract: The importance of and growing worldwide interest in developing technologies that could utilise biomass material cannot be over looked particularly in developing countries. This study investigated the effect of briquetting temperature (normal and high temperature) on the physical and combustion properties of sawdust briquettes at two binder levels of 25 and 35%. Apart from the durability rating, the physical and combustion properties of the briquettes at the 25 and 35% binder levels were significantly influenced (p<0.05) by the briquetting temperature, that is, the normal temperature briquetting (NTB) process and the high temperature briquetting (HTB) process. It was observed that at both binder levels, the mean values recorded for the combustion properties of the briquettes produced using the HTB process were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those reported for the NTB process. The briquettes produced using the NTB however gave higher volatile matter content and higher heating values of 65.15±0.47% and 84.35±0.43%; 27.15±0.04 MJ/kg and 31.57±0.17 MJ/kg respectively at the 25 and 35% binder levels. The dimensional stability of the briquettes produced using the NTB process was higher at the 25 and 35% binder levels compared to those from the HTB process. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 386-394 Issue: 6 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1096508 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1096508 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:6:p:386-394 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1096509_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Masilamani Sri Devi Author-X-Name-First: Masilamani Sri Author-X-Name-Last: Devi Author-Name: Krishnamoorthy Vinothini Author-X-Name-First: Krishnamoorthy Author-X-Name-Last: Vinothini Author-Name: Pandian Arjun Author-X-Name-First: Pandian Author-X-Name-Last: Arjun Author-Name: Sudharshan Sekar Author-X-Name-First: Sudharshan Author-X-Name-Last: Sekar Author-Name: Vuyo Mavumengwana Author-X-Name-First: Vuyo Author-X-Name-Last: Mavumengwana Title: In vitro biomass accumulation of calli and root enhancement of Leucas aspera (Willed) Linn. under stress conditions Abstract: Leucas aspera is a high value medicinal plant in India, Java, Mauritius and Philippines. The effects of plant growth regulators effects on in vitro callus biomass accumulation and root enhancement were assessed using leaf and stem explants. Leaf and stem explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with different concentrations of auxins and cytokinins. The highest amount of callus biomass accumulation was observed on leaf explants. Comparisons between stem and leaf explants indicated that leaf explants showed the greatest callus formation. Greatest callus formation was observed on NAA (2 mg L−1) (79.22%), followed by 2,4-D (2.0 mg L−1) (70.11%) and IBA (2.0 mg L−1) showed the least formation (36.42%). Maximum callus formation was observed on stem explants; these showed 60.70% from 2,4-D (2 mg L−1), NAA (2 mg L−1) showed 40.16%, and far less was obtained on IBA (31.60%). The greatest root formation (75.32%) was obtained on IBA (2 mg L−1) and the number of roots per shoot obtained was 26.55%; IAA (2 mg L−1) showed 66.82% root formation and the number of roots obtained was 21.22%; NAA (2 mg L−1) showed 54.33% root formation. In conclusion, root enhancement increased best under dark conditions, the conditions most suitable for regeneration of large numbers of high value clonal plants for commercial production and isolation of bioactive compounds. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 395-400 Issue: 6 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1096509 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1096509 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:6:p:395-400 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1096510_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Nebbel Motubatse Author-X-Name-First: Nebbel Author-X-Name-Last: Motubatse Author-Name: Karin Barac Author-X-Name-First: Karin Author-X-Name-Last: Barac Author-Name: Elza Odendaal Author-X-Name-First: Elza Author-X-Name-Last: Odendaal Title: Perceived challenges faced by the internal audit function in the South African public sector: A case study of The National Treasury Abstract: This article reports on the challenges faced by the internal audit function in the South African public sector, as perceived by role players other than the internal audit function itself. This study implemented a qualitative research design, using a case study as a research method, in order to achieve the research objective. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to obtain participants’ perceptions of the challenges faced by the internal audit function. Participants were selected based on their capacity to act on the findings and recommendations of the study. Participants selected were senior managers, operational managers, and members of audit committees. The biggest challenges facing the internal audit were identified as the lack of business knowledge; lack of management support; lack of audit action monitoring processes, and external auditors'preference not to rely on the work of the internal audit function. Based on these findings, the authors make recommendations that could benefit the public sector internal audit functions by helping them to better understand the public sector environment and to identify areas for improvement. Finally, the article suggests avenues for further research on the future of the internal audit in the public sector. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 401-407 Issue: 6 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1096510 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1096510 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:6:p:401-407 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1096511_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Sekondeko R. Noga Author-X-Name-First: Sekondeko R. Author-X-Name-Last: Noga Author-Name: Oluwatoyin D. Kolawole Author-X-Name-First: Oluwatoyin D. Author-X-Name-Last: Kolawole Author-Name: Olekae Thakadu Author-X-Name-First: Olekae Author-X-Name-Last: Thakadu Author-Name: Gaseitsiwe Masunga Author-X-Name-First: Gaseitsiwe Author-X-Name-Last: Masunga Title: Small farmers’ adoption behaviour: Uptake of elephant crop-raiding deterrent innovations in the Okavango Delta, Botswana Abstract: This paper invokes the adoption-diffusion model to examine two introduced elephant crop-raiding deterrent innovations (ECDIs), and the factors influencing their adoption by small farmers in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Two communities (Gudigwa and Eretsha) were purposefully selected as case studies. Ninety-nine farmers were randomly selected and interviewed using open and close-ended structured questionnaires. First a reconnaissance survey was carried out to ascertain the extension agency's claim that it had introduced ECDIs to farmers and affirm the adoption of the innovations. Some key informants were purposively selected and interviewed using the interview guide. Focus group discussions were used to elicit qualitative data from the farmers. There are varying levels of innovation uptake among farmers. Deemed as effective, a significant proportion of farmers (50.5%) favoured the use of chilli pepper. Findings elicited farmers’ perceptions, innovation trial-ability, complexity and effectiveness as key determinants of adoption decisions. They also underscore the need to employ a participatory approach in pushing the adoption of ECDIs. Creating a genuine farmerscientist-extension linkage would facilitate exchange of useful information and bring about better understanding of the innovations. This paper contributes to literature on factors that predispose small farmers to adopting new ideas in relation to how they view their world. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 408-419 Issue: 6 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1096511 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1096511 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:6:p:408-419 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1096512_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Abebe Ejigu Alemu Author-X-Name-First: Abebe Ejigu Author-X-Name-Last: Alemu Title: Technology and market access via contracts and cooperatives for smallholders: Evidence from honey producers in Ethiopia Abstract: Smallholders in developing countries are facing high transaction costs and difficulties in accessing technology to improve productivity. This paper aims at exploring how technology acquisition and market access have driven smallholder honey farmers to contract participation or cooperative engagement by taking evidence from a sample of 412 honey producers in northern Ethiopia. A multinomial logistic regression model was employed. Both the descriptive and the empirical model suggest that market access, credit and technology constraint, an institutional void, household wealth and farmers’ networks are the driving forces for smallholders’ participation in contract and cooperative engagements. In addition, high value products are calling for contracts. Creation of access to credit, technology and market linkages to smallholders appear to be areas of intervention to upgrade the honey value chain and to mitigate high transaction costs and technology constraints. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 420-428 Issue: 6 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1096512 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1096512 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:6:p:420-428 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1096668_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Massimiliano Ferrara Author-X-Name-First: Massimiliano Author-X-Name-Last: Ferrara Author-Name: Roberto Mavilia Author-X-Name-First: Roberto Author-X-Name-Last: Mavilia Title: Innovation policies in the Mediterranean area: Towards a Mediterranean system of innovation Abstract: The contribution of this paper has both theoretical and policy relevance. It is one of the first exploratory studies of the Mediterranean system of innovation built on the concept of innovation systems. The paper provides a brief literature review and discussion of some data on innovation and research studies in the Mediterranean area. Our analysis suggests that a Mediterranean research and innovation community, capable of competing and integrating itself at a global level, still needs to be developed. Building successful knowledge networks across the region and a cooperative innovation system that could improve the competitiveness of the overall area have become important targets, since Mediterranean countries have to compete internationally. In this context, after exploring the situation of the area and the main theoretical approaches to the topic, this paper shows that the contribution of the European policies for the development of innovation networks in the Mediterranean moves toward a Mediterranean system of innovation. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 429-440 Issue: 6 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1096668 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1096668 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:6:p:429-440 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1096669_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Adedayo A. Badejo Author-X-Name-First: Adedayo A. Author-X-Name-Last: Badejo Author-Name: Julius M. Ndambuki Author-X-Name-First: Julius M. Author-X-Name-Last: Ndambuki Author-Name: Williams K. Kupolati Author-X-Name-First: Williams K. Author-X-Name-Last: Kupolati Author-Name: Adebola A Adekunle Author-X-Name-First: Adebola A Author-X-Name-Last: Adekunle Author-Name: Solomon A. Taiwo Author-X-Name-First: Solomon A. Author-X-Name-Last: Taiwo Author-Name: David O. Omole Author-X-Name-First: David O. Author-X-Name-Last: Omole Title: Appraisal of access to safe drinking water in southwest Nigeria Abstract: The importance of developing effective water supply services is universally recognised as a basis for improving the overall health of the population. This study ascertained the quality of water supplied by a water treatment scheme in southwest Nigeria. One hundred and twelve samples were collected during the wet and dry seasons. Tests on physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters were conducted. Statistical analysis of variance was carried out on the results of the test. The effectiveness of the treatment processes on the parameters considered showed that the aeration, sedimentation and filtration processes were 70.13% effective in colour removal; sedimentation and filtration processes were 94.78% effective in turbidity removal; sedimentation and filtration process were 28.84% effective in the removal of total suspended solids (TSS) and 9.88% effective in the removal of total solids (TS); the disinfection and filtration processes were 100% effective in bacterial and coliform removal. The treatment system was found to be 71.38% effective in pollutant removal. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 441-445 Issue: 6 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1096669 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1096669 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:6:p:441-445 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1096670_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Fannie Machete Author-X-Name-First: Fannie Author-X-Name-Last: Machete Author-Name: Karabo Shale Author-X-Name-First: Karabo Author-X-Name-Last: Shale Title: Classification of unregulated landfills by waste stream analysis method, a case of Chief Albert Luthuli Municipality, South Africa Abstract: The characterisation of unregulated landfills as general landfills is misleading particularly because these landfills are used to dispose of a mixed stream of general and hazardous waste. Unregulated landfills are unlicensed on-land waste disposal facilities that are not designed, constructed or operated according to any regulatory framework. These landfills are common among non-metropolitan municipalities in South Africa. This paper tests how waste stream analysis can be useful in the pre-characterisation of unregulated landfills. Thus, it is proposed that a waste source trace method be used to pre-classify the waste streams disposed of in the landfills and ultimately for the characterisation of the landfills. Structured interviews and observations were used to trace the origin and types of waste materials disposed of in three unregulated landfills in the Chief Albert Luthuli Municipality. The results show that the landfills resorting under the Chief Albert Luthuli Municipality were used to dispose of a mixed stream of general and hazardous waste. These landfills should therefore be pre-characterised as hazardous waste landfills, and stringent management measures are recommended in this regard. This proposed method for waste stream analysis and pre-characterisation of unregulated landfills has proven to be effective. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 446-452 Issue: 6 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1096670 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1096670 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:6:p:446-452 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1096671_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: T.H. Kabanda Author-X-Name-First: T.H. Author-X-Name-Last: Kabanda Title: An approach to land capability evaluation for agriculture using remote sensing and GIS in Barberspan, North West Province of South Africa Abstract: To guarantee food security, job creation and graduate small-scale farmers to commercial farmers, unproductive farms in the North West Province that have resulted from the land reform programme need to be restructured and evaluated for agricultural productivity. This study aimed to assess the land capability of redistributed land using remote sensing and GIS in spatial planning for arable agriculture in a communal land use setting. The primary data were obtained from soil samples collected from 0–100 cm depths. The secondary information was acquired from the remotely sensed data (SPOT 5). Soil properties such as soil texture, soil depth, pH and drainage condition were stored as attributes in a geographical soil database and linked with the soil map units. The physical characteristics and environmental parameters of Barberspan farm were integrated using spatial analyses function in ArcGIS to produce a land capability map. This land capability study was intended for post-settlement support to land reform beneficiaries and other small-scale farmers who are generally left to look out for themselves after transfer of ownership. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 453-461 Issue: 6 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1096671 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1096671 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:6:p:453-461 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1096672_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Chitra Venugopal Author-X-Name-First: Chitra Author-X-Name-Last: Venugopal Title: Estimating rotor resistance of wound rotor induction motor by look-up table and fuzzy logic approach Abstract: Wound rotor induction motors are commonly used in high torque, adjustable speed industrial applications. The provision to add external resistances to the rotor offers high starting torque and smooth starting at a low starting current. In this paper, the look-up table method and fuzzy logic methods are introduced to estimate the rotor resistance value. This is achieved by controlling the firing angle of the thyristor converter circuit connected to the rotor. The smooth variation in speed with constant starting current and high torque is achieved for various reference values. The performance of the look-up table method and fuzzy logic controller method are compared with the traditional external resistance method. The results show that the speed error in the look-up table method is higher than in the fuzzy logic method but less than the traditional external resistance method. The performance of the fuzzy logic method is closer to the traditional external resistance method with less speed error and settling time. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 462-474 Issue: 6 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1096672 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1096672 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:6:p:462-474 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1096673_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Nadjima Benkara Mohammed Author-X-Name-First: Nadjima Benkara Author-X-Name-Last: Mohammed Author-Name: Souaad Benkara Mahammed Author-X-Name-First: Souaad Benkara Author-X-Name-Last: Mahammed Title: Space radiation environment of ALSAT-2 and its degradation effect on InGaP/InGaAs/Ge solar cells Abstract: Surrounding the earth, and throughout outer space, significant levels of radiation particles exist. These particles include protons, electrons, heavy ions, and other forms of radiation. Different regions are known to contain different amounts of various types of particles with different energies, all having different effects on electronic devices. Therefore, when designing a space-based system, it is important to understand the environment in which the electronic system will operate and the radiation hazards that can be expected. In this paper we present an analysis of the radiation environment for the ALSAT-2 Algerian satellite that was launched in 2010, using Space ENVironment Information System (SPENVIS). The impact of the radiation on InGaP/InGaAs/Ge Emcore ATJ solar cells is investigated by calculating the degradation. Finally, the End of Life (EOL) performance of the solar cells is predicted. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 475-479 Issue: 6 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1096673 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1096673 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:6:p:475-479 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1097232_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: J.M. Ikome Author-X-Name-First: J.M. Author-X-Name-Last: Ikome Author-Name: M.G. Kanakana Author-X-Name-First: M.G. Author-X-Name-Last: Kanakana Author-Name: S.P. Ayodeji Author-X-Name-First: S.P. Author-X-Name-Last: Ayodeji Title: The deterioration of production schedules during unforeseen disruptions Abstract: In most real-world environments, production scheduling is an ongoing process where the presence of a variety of unforeseen disruptions is usually inevitable, and continually forces reconsideration and revision of pre-established schedules. Many of the approaches developed to solve the problem of production scheduling are often unfeasible in real-world, and near-optimal schedules with respect to the estimated data may become obsolete when they are released to the production lines or shop floor. This paper outlines the impact of unforeseen disruptions that affect manufacturing systems during production, and being able to cope or react to this determines a company's output and profitability. The theories of multifactor productivity and line balancing are employed to determine how disruptions affect productivity output and the result reveals that when disruptions occur continuously with time, the total productivity output decreases as time goes on and, on the other hand, total production time increases and requires more resources to meet the planned capacity demand (PCD). Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 480-484 Issue: 6 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1097232 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1097232 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:6:p:480-484 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1038006_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: H.A. Koffi Author-X-Name-First: H.A. Author-X-Name-Last: Koffi Author-Name: V.C.K. Kakane Author-X-Name-First: V.C.K. Author-X-Name-Last: Kakane Author-Name: A. Kuditcher Author-X-Name-First: A. Author-X-Name-Last: Kuditcher Author-Name: A.F. Hughes Author-X-Name-First: A.F. Author-X-Name-Last: Hughes Author-Name: M.B. Adeleye Author-X-Name-First: M.B. Author-X-Name-Last: Adeleye Author-Name: J.K.A Amuzu Author-X-Name-First: J.K.A Author-X-Name-Last: Amuzu Title: Seasonal variations in the operating temperature of silicon solar panels in southern Ghana Abstract: This work deals with the seasonal daily variation of the operating temperature of silicon solar panels under tropical atmospheric conditions, including high turbidity (Harmattan dust particles). Data was collected from March 2010 to July 2012 at Legon (0°11′08″ W, 5°39'04″ N) using a Davis wireless Vantage Pro2 Plus weather station monitored with the software WeatherLink®. While the ‘common outdoor’ operating temperature is usually set at 45 °C, it has been observed that during the harmattan season, the operating temperature of a solar panel can rise beyond 70°C. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 485-490 Issue: 6 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1038006 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1038006 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:6:p:485-490 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1038007_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: H.A. Koffi Author-X-Name-First: H.A. Author-X-Name-Last: Koffi Author-Name: A. Kuditcher Author-X-Name-First: A. Author-X-Name-Last: Kuditcher Author-Name: V.C.K. Kakane Author-X-Name-First: V.C.K. Author-X-Name-Last: Kakane Author-Name: E.A. Armah Author-X-Name-First: E.A. Author-X-Name-Last: Armah Author-Name: A.A. Yankson Author-X-Name-First: A.A. Author-X-Name-Last: Yankson Author-Name: J.K.A. Amuzu Author-X-Name-First: J.K.A. Author-X-Name-Last: Amuzu Title: The Shockley five-parameter model of a solar cell: A short note Abstract: This paper is concerned with an alternative formulation of the Shockley five-parameter model of a solar cell. This formulation leads to an explicit relationship between the short-circuit current and the light-generated current and the direct determination of the light-generated current from a knowledge of the series and shunt resistances. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 491-494 Issue: 6 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1038007 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1038007 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:6:p:491-494 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1038008_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Siaka Touré Author-X-Name-First: Siaka Author-X-Name-Last: Touré Author-Name: Dobet Dago N'Drin Author-X-Name-First: Dobet Dago Author-X-Name-Last: N'Drin Author-Name: Hassan Salami Author-X-Name-First: Hassan Author-X-Name-Last: Salami Author-Name: Modibo Sidibé Author-X-Name-First: Modibo Author-X-Name-Last: Sidibé Author-Name: Diakaridja Traoré Author-X-Name-First: Diakaridja Author-X-Name-Last: Traoré Title: Experimental study of an optimised solar still type with two condensing compartments suitable for alcoholic distillation Abstract: An optimised solar still prototype suitable for alcoholic distillation was designed and tested. Its design is different from the single slope conventional solar still. It consists of two compartments which are in communication by a slit. One of the two compartments contains an absorber. In a previous work, the area S of the absorber was 0.29 m2 and the slit's width e was experimentally optimised. As for the prototype studied in the work, it was realised with the optimal width found in the previous work and an absorber area S equal to 0.965 m2. The energy exchanges within the still were studied, mainly the heat transfers by convection, evaporation-condensation and radiation. Then an experimental testing of the solar still was performed, both for water and alcoholic distillation. In the case of the water distillation, two days were selected. The temperature measurements allowed the calculation of the heat exchanges. The experimental productivity of the still was determined, as well as its efficiency. As for the alcoholic distillation, two days were also selected. The productivity was determined for the two compartments. The evolution of the alcohol rate of the distillates was also studied. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 495-499 Issue: 6 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1038008 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1038008 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:6:p:495-499 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1094236_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Godwin K. Ayetor Author-X-Name-First: Godwin K. Author-X-Name-Last: Ayetor Author-Name: Albert K. Sunnu Author-X-Name-First: Albert K. Author-X-Name-Last: Sunnu Title: Engine performance of biodiesel-biodiesel blends at varying engine speeds Abstract: Biodiesel blends with petroleum diesel have long been experimented on and considered good alternatives to petroleum diesel. Most blends considered biodiesel percentages of 20 and less. This work considered blending B100 of separate biodiesel feedstocks to determine their influence on improving physiochemical properties and engine performance. Palm kernel oil methyl ester (PKOME), Jatropha curcas methyl ester (JCME) and coconut oil methyl ester (COME) were blended with the help of a blending machine at 4000 rpm and run in a VW diesel engine to determine their effect on each other in terms of emissions and engine performance. PKOME & COME were blended in proportions of 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% to determine the best blend for optimum physiochemical properties and engine performance. JCME was also blended with COME in the same proportions. Ten separate test fuels of biodiesel and biodiesel-biodiesel blends were run at engine speeds between 800 rpm to 1 800 rpm to determine influence on engine performance and emissions. In terms of exhaust emissions and fuel consumption, the optimum values were obtained with 75% COME and 25% PKOME with brake-specific energy consumption (BSEC) of 15.4 MJ/kWh, CO (0.39 Vol. %), HC (45 ppm) and NOx (146 ppm). The optimum blend of JCME and COME was in the proportion of 75% JCME and 25% COME with BSEC of 13 MJ/kWh and CO, HC and NOx emissions of 0.24 Vol. %, 65 ppm and 256 ppm respectively. The results show that blending biodiesel of different feedstock can improve CIDI engine performance and exhaust emissions. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 500-508 Issue: 6 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1094236 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1094236 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:6:p:500-508 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1094238_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Emmanuel W. Ramde Author-X-Name-First: Emmanuel W. Author-X-Name-Last: Ramde Author-Name: Patrick Nussbaumer Author-X-Name-First: Patrick Author-X-Name-Last: Nussbaumer Author-Name: Morgan Bazilian Author-X-Name-First: Morgan Author-X-Name-Last: Bazilian Title: Measuring and reporting on energy poverty: insights from West African countries Abstract: A reliable and comprehensive energy information base is required to set targets, design policies and programmes, as well as to enable citizens to make informed choices. Adequate national capacity to track progress towards universal modern energy access represents an especially crucial element of energy poverty alleviation and sustainable development strategies. This paper presents an assessment of the current human and institutional capacity and potential gaps and barriers with regard to measuring and reporting on energy poverty at the national level. The study focuses on five West African countries. Results include a better understanding of the related institutional framework, and insights into data availability and gaps, data gathering techniques, data handling and methodologies, and dissemination of data. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 509-517 Issue: 6 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1094238 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1094238 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:6:p:509-517 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1094240_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Haruna Mohammed Muye Author-X-Name-First: Haruna Mohammed Author-X-Name-Last: Muye Title: Energy conversion efficiency of pressurised kerosene and pyramid-shaped clay-lined charcoal cooking stoves Abstract: This paper evaluated fuel utilisation in cooking stoves. The cooking stoves used for the experiment were a pressurised kerosene stove and a pyramid-shaped clay-lined charcoal stove. Comparison tests were conducted and their results analysed to determine the efficiency of the stoves. The specific fuel consumption of the pressurised kerosene and clay-lined charcoal cook stoves per kilogram of food were obtained as 48 680 and 28 302 kW/kg respectively. The thermal efficiencies of the stoves were 60.18% for the pressurised kerosene stove and 51.35% for the clay-lined charcoal stove. These results indicate or confirm that the pressurised kerosene stove has the highest efficiency. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 518-520 Issue: 6 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1094240 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1094240 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:6:p:518-520 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1798043_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Lwandiso Mdiya Author-X-Name-First: Lwandiso Author-X-Name-Last: Mdiya Author-Name: Amon Taruvinga Author-X-Name-First: Amon Author-X-Name-Last: Taruvinga Author-Name: Abbyssinia Mushunje Author-X-Name-First: Abbyssinia Author-X-Name-Last: Mushunje Author-Name: Keletso Mopipi Author-X-Name-First: Keletso Author-X-Name-Last: Mopipi Author-Name: Saul Ngarava Author-X-Name-First: Saul Author-X-Name-Last: Ngarava Title: Rural community use and perception of rangeland products in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa Abstract: The significance of rangelands to the welfare of the rural poor has been acknowledged. The study explores perceptions and determinants of rural households’ rangeland harvesting. A cross-sectional survey of 159 rural households harvesting communal rangeland products was utilized, as well as 64 non-harvesting households. The sample was purposively selected. Dyamala community in Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality, Eastern Cape Province was the study area, and was also purposively selected. Questionnaires were the data collection tool utilized, aiming at data on demographics, perceptions and participation in rangeland harvesting. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were utilized to analyze the data. The study found that among the rangeland harvesters there was a high positive perception of rangelands in terms of recreation and tourism, storm protection, nutrient retention as well as provision of wild fruit. However, the rangeland harvesters also exhibited negative perceptions towards factors such as the hosting of predators and deity. The decision to participate in rangeland product harvesting was influenced by the age of household head as well as perceptions pertaining to rangelands as a source of medicinal plants, recreation and ecotourism, deep-water wells, storm protection, micro-climate stabilization, income and wild fruit. The study recommends the provision of extension-based training in sustainably utilizing rangelands as a source of income, food and nutrition. Ecotourism can also be promoted as this dualistically and sustainably incorporates rangeland harvesting and income generation from wildlife. Promotion of indigenous knowledge, especially in medicinal plants, may dualistically improve income and health from harvesting such flora as well as enhancing conservation of these vital plants. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 757-768 Issue: 6 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1798043 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1798043 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:6:p:757-768 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1797269_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Liziwe Lizbeth Mugivhisa Author-X-Name-First: Liziwe Lizbeth Author-X-Name-Last: Mugivhisa Author-Name: Khanyi Baloyi Author-X-Name-First: Khanyi Author-X-Name-Last: Baloyi Author-Name: Joshua Oluwole Olowoyo Author-X-Name-First: Joshua Author-X-Name-Last: Oluwole Olowoyo Title: Adherence to safety practices and risks associated with toxic chemicals in the research and postgraduate laboratories at Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa Abstract: The study investigated the knowledge of postgraduate students in the Biology, Chemistry and Biochemistry departments regarding safety practices, protective measures and risks associated with toxic chemicals in the postgraduate and research laboratories. The study was exploratory and was conducted through administering 83 questionnaires. The results showed that the majority (78%) of the students received training on laboratory safety even though only 34% of them could identify all the warning signs associated with hazardous chemicals. Protective measures practised by students included wearing of buttoned laboratory coats (74%), closed shoes (78%), use of latex gloves (43%), correct use of dustbins for waste disposal (10%) and inspection of warning signs on chemical containers before use (54%), while only 25% of the students used fume cupboards. In case of an emergency, 72% knew what steps to take, whereas 28% were unaware of the steps to take. Students were aware of the potential risks associated with hazardous chemicals in the laboratory and had knowledge on the warning signs on chemicals even though adherence to the safety practices was still a problem. The majority of the participants felt that there was a need for continuous training on laboratory safety and regular reminders through the use of safety charts in laboratories. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 747-756 Issue: 6 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1797269 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1797269 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:6:p:747-756 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1799300_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ibukun James Olaoye Author-X-Name-First: Ibukun James Author-X-Name-Last: Olaoye Author-Name: Opeyemi Eyitayo Ayinde Author-X-Name-First: Opeyemi Eyitayo Author-X-Name-Last: Ayinde Author-Name: Oluwafemi Olajide Ajewole Author-X-Name-First: Oluwafemi Olajide Author-X-Name-Last: Ajewole Author-Name: Luke Oloruntoba Adebisi Author-X-Name-First: Luke Oloruntoba Author-X-Name-Last: Adebisi Title: The role of research and development (R&D) expenditure and governance on economic growth in selected African countries Abstract: This paper provides an overview of the effect of research and development (R&D) expenditure and government effectiveness on economic growth. By focusing on R&D expenditure as a measure of innovation, government effectiveness as a measure of governance and GDP as a measure of economic growth, we examined the effect of R&D and government effectiveness on GDP in selected African countries. Four countries were chosen due to the availability of their data from 2000 to 2016. Linear regression and correlated panels corrected standard errors (PCSEs) regression models were used to analyze the data. The result showed that both R&D and governance are important factors in predicting economic growth in Africa. Therefore, only innovation through increasing R&D expenditure and good governance can sufficiently drive sustainable economic growth and development in Africa. Thus, African countries need to strengthen and build their research and development capacity while ensuring the effectiveness of their government to achieve sustainable economic growth. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 663-670 Issue: 6 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1799300 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1799300 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:6:p:663-670 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1799536_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Temitayo Shenkoya Author-X-Name-First: Temitayo Author-X-Name-Last: Shenkoya Author-Name: Euiseok Kim Author-X-Name-First: Euiseok Author-X-Name-Last: Kim Title: The impact of technology transfer / policies on the economic catch-up of the Korean National Innovation System and its implications for Nigeria Abstract: Previous studies have shown that technology transfer is essential for innovation and knowledge diffusion. However, without appropriate policies, technology transfer cannot be successful. This research studied technology transfer and its policies in Korea with the aim to determine whether it contributed to the catching-up of the Korean economy while seeking to prove Schumpeter’s theory of innovation. In this study, a mixed methodology that involved the use of a systematic review of literature and an analysis of secondary data was employed. The results show that technology transfer policies are essential to economic growth and income generation of the National Innovation System (NIS) while fostering innovation. In line with this, three key policies were discovered that helped the Korean NIS make an economic catch-up from a developing country to a developed country. These are: Intellectual Property Rights, Foreign Direct Investment, and a third class (which was referred to as the general technology transfer policy) of technology transfer policies. These policies improve technology transfers by establishing free trade zones, giving tax breaks to foreign firms and easing the process of foreign direct investment. Based on these results, a policy structure was developed. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 685-699 Issue: 6 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1799536 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1799536 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:6:p:685-699 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1797268_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Vusani Netshirando Author-X-Name-First: Vusani Author-X-Name-Last: Netshirando Author-Name: Willard Munyoka Author-X-Name-First: Willard Author-X-Name-Last: Munyoka Author-Name: Armstrong Kadyamatimba Author-X-Name-First: Armstrong Author-X-Name-Last: Kadyamatimba Title: Determinants of digital commerce repeat-purchase behaviour in South Africa: A rural citizen perspective Abstract: Digital commerce (d-commerce) has become a powerful tool for transforming marketplaces in emerging economies across the world. However, in South Africa, d-commerce, especially among the previously disadvantaged rural citizens, is still nascent. This study investigates the effect of facilitating conditions, trust, privacy, security, socio-technical issues and value-for-money on rural customers’ online repeat purchase behaviour. Data for the study were collected from 389 respondents using self-administered questionnaires in Limpopo, South Africa. Confirmatory factor analysis using IBM Amos Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique was used to test the structural and model-fit of the research model. Findings from the study revealed that all factors, except for privacy concerns, significantly influence purchase behaviour and repeat purchase behaviour. The study provides new theoretical and managerial insights for policymakers on what drives or discourages customers from buying products or services online in South Africa and other emerging markets. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 701-712 Issue: 6 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1797268 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1797268 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:6:p:701-712 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1796012_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mikko Koria Author-X-Name-First: Mikko Author-X-Name-Last: Koria Author-Name: Roberto Hinojosa Osorno Author-X-Name-First: Roberto Hinojosa Author-X-Name-Last: Osorno Author-Name: Ida Telalbasic Author-X-Name-First: Ida Author-X-Name-Last: Telalbasic Author-Name: Delia del Carmen Ramírez Vázquez Author-X-Name-First: Delia del Carmen Author-X-Name-Last: Ramírez Vázquez Author-Name: Emmy Chirchir Author-X-Name-First: Emmy Author-X-Name-Last: Chirchir Title: An innovation intermediary for Nairobi, Kenya: Designing student-centric services for university-industry collaboration Abstract: Engaging students as partners in university-industry collaboration (UIC) through challenge-based and real-life projects creates significant value for all participants through novel educational approaches, talent recruitment, user-driven innovation, new resources, and research-related opportunities. However, as these practices have developed iteratively over time in industrialized countries and are highly context dependent, it is unclear how they can be best transferred to emerging economy contexts. In this paper, we present a research and design process of creating an innovation intermediary to foster student-centric UIC in Nairobi, Kenya. Seen as a set of services that reside on a multilevel platform, the intermediary aims to add value to the existing ecosystem through open access knowledge sharing, promoting partnerships, and mentoring for impact in an integrative, complementary way. Through a four-step qualitative research process involving interviews and co-creation workshops with local stakeholders, we examine the ecosystem, define value creation, design the services of the intermediary, and propose a step-wise model for further diffusion. We note the importance of establishing a solid rationale for collaboration, understanding the expected value to be created, creating a neutral space for the collaboration, and planning the implementation in detail. We contribute to transferring student-centric UIC practices into emerging economy contexts. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 671-683 Issue: 6 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1796012 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1796012 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:6:p:671-683 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1794301_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Simona Totaforti Author-X-Name-First: Simona Author-X-Name-Last: Totaforti Title: Urbanization and housing development in South Africa Abstract: The South African urban system is a significant testbed for the analysis of urban forms in emerging economies. On the one hand, the urbanization processes have similar characteristics to those found elsewhere in the world, while on the other they reflect the historical and political specificity of the country. This article analyzes the evolution of urban growth in South Africa, and includes an examination of the policies that have guided state intervention and of the impact of the historical and political legacy on the current situation of poverty and inequality. A particular focus is on housing, a key dimension through which the processes currently taking place in South African cities can be understood. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 769-777 Issue: 6 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1794301 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1794301 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:6:p:769-777 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1796051_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mamadou Bah Author-X-Name-First: Mamadou Author-X-Name-Last: Bah Author-Name: Koffi Kpognon Author-X-Name-First: Koffi Author-X-Name-Last: Kpognon Title: Public investment and economic growth in ECOWAS countries: Does governance Matter? Abstract: The ECOWAS countries have been facing weak economic performance in recent decades. While the role of investment as an engine of growth is undeniable, the effect of public investment remains less clear. The role of the quality of governance in the effectiveness of public investment is increasingly recognized. The objective of this study is twofold. On the one hand, we analyze the effect of public investment on economic growth. On the other hand, we analyze the role of governance in the relationship between public investment and growth in the ECOWAS countries. To this end, we use an error correction model (ECM) on panel data for the period 1996–2016. We privileged the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimator in this study. Our results show that public investment has a positive and significant effect on economic growth in ECOWAS countries in the long-term. Moreover, governance improves the positive effect of public investment on economic growth. Particularly, political stability and rule of law represent institutional dimensions, which amplify the positive effect of public investment on growth in these countries. Thus, the improvement of governance quality and increasing public investment are complementary to foster economic growth. In addition, the promotion of private investment and the attractiveness of foreign direct investment should accompany any governance reform and increase in public investment to promote economic growth. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 713-726 Issue: 6 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1796051 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1796051 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:6:p:713-726 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1796005_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Michael Obisesan Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Obisesan Author-Name: Munyaradzi Chitakira Author-X-Name-First: Munyaradzi Author-X-Name-Last: Chitakira Title: Investigating climate change awareness and adaptation strategies among female farmers in the Lephalale municipal area in South Africa Abstract: This study evaluated climate change awareness and adaptation strategies among female farmers in the Lephalale municipal area in the Limpopo province of South Africa. A concurrent mixed method research approach was undertaken. Qualitative data were obtained through five focus group discussions and a semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain quantitative data from 208 female farmers. The chi-square test of independence analysis showed that the climate change awareness level and the adaptation measures were significantly related to the educational level and geographic location of the female farmers. Moreover, 84% of the respondents considered the national government social grant as a major means of income and not farming. Although 53% of the respondents were not aware of the term ‘climate change’, the female farmers confirmed having observed variance in temperature and rainfall over the years which they regarded as natural phenomena. Inadequate knowledge of climate change and limited access to credit facilities affected the respondents’ capacity to adapt to climate change. The study concluded that climate change awareness level among female farmers influences their adaptation measures against climate change. The study recommends the promotion of farmer-to-farmer extension and intensification of extension services in the study area to enhance the level of awareness of climate change through physical interaction with the farmers. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 727-734 Issue: 6 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1796005 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1796005 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:6:p:727-734 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1797267_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Kwaku Oduro-Appiah Author-X-Name-First: Kwaku Author-X-Name-Last: Oduro-Appiah Author-Name: Anne Scheinberg Author-X-Name-First: Anne Author-X-Name-Last: Scheinberg Author-Name: Abraham Afful Author-X-Name-First: Abraham Author-X-Name-Last: Afful Author-Name: Nanne de Vries Author-X-Name-First: Nanne Author-X-Name-Last: de Vries Title: The contribution of participatory engagement strategies to reliable data gathering and inclusive policies in developing countries: Municipal solid waste management data in the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area of Ghana Abstract: The absence of participatory engagement strategies in the collection of solid waste management data in most developing countries affects reliability and deprives professional staff and local authorities of any clear basis for system modernization. This article addresses these challenges in the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area of Ghana, by using participatory action research and systems analysis approaches, to engage a working group of relevant stakeholders to map material flows, assess socio-economic contributions, and chart a sustainable pathway towards informal waste sector integration. The data collected were analyzed statistically and the result is a seemingly simple statement: 1618 informal service providers and 646 informal recycling entrepreneurs are collecting 1370 tonnes per day, which is equivalent to 46% of municipal solid waste. In total they are recovering 85,653 tonnes of recyclables annually; achieving a 6.4% recycling rate, and saving the municipalities an estimated US$20 million in annual solid waste operations costs. Despite the critical mass of pointers to the benefits of this activity, integration of the informal sector remains a complex issue; and the fear of losing access to clients and materials remains a challenge to the sector. In response to the assessment, the working group has worked together with municipal officials and the related policy institution to elaborate recommendations for integration of the informal waste sector. The assessment suggests that the next step for decision-makers is to institutionalize inclusive waste and recycling policies, and to continue to collaborate with stakeholders to support the informal waste sector to sustain reliable data flows and to unleash their full potential as valued contributors to urban waste management. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 735-746 Issue: 6 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1797267 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1797267 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:6:p:735-746 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1700668_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Naeem Atanda Balogun Author-X-Name-First: Naeem Atanda Author-X-Name-Last: Balogun Author-Name: Fabian Aiterebhe Ehikhamenor Author-X-Name-First: Fabian Aiterebhe Author-X-Name-Last: Ehikhamenor Author-Name: Omenogo Veronica Mejabi Author-X-Name-First: Omenogo Veronica Author-X-Name-Last: Mejabi Author-Name: Rafiat Ajibade Oyekunle Author-X-Name-First: Rafiat Ajibade Author-X-Name-Last: Oyekunle Author-Name: Olayiwola Wasiu Bello Author-X-Name-First: Olayiwola Wasiu Author-X-Name-Last: Bello Author-Name: Oluyinka Titilope Afolayan Author-X-Name-First: Oluyinka Titilope Author-X-Name-Last: Afolayan Title: Exploring information and communication technology among rural dwellers in sub-Saharan African communities Abstract: The study used survey design and collected data using a questionnaire. Stratified random sampling was employed to identify 12 rural communities evenly spread across the three senatorial districts of Kwara State, Nigeria. From each community, 125 respondents were purposively sampled, resulting in a sample size of 1500. Data collected were analyzed using frequencies and cross-tabulations. The results show the presence of ICT in the rural communities of a sub-Saharan African country and the need for the government to educate, train and implement policies that would help rural dwellers make effective and efficient use of ICT tools and infrastructures available in their domain. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 533-545 Issue: 5 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1700668 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1700668 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:5:p:533-545 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1640344_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Frederik Christoffel Rust Author-X-Name-First: Frederik Christoffel Author-X-Name-Last: Rust Author-Name: Leslie Roy Sampson Author-X-Name-First: Leslie Roy Author-X-Name-Last: Sampson Title: A systems-based R&D management model for the road and transport engineering sector applied to a community access roads and transport research programme Abstract: A conceptual non-linear, systems-based R&D management model for the road and transport sector was developed to address the associated complexities of transport and road research. It takes account of all the elements of the innovation value chain as well as stakeholders. It stimulates systems-thinking in the R&D management process and allows for a non-linear approach to the process with a number of process pathways, both ‘backward’ (back casting) and ‘forward’ thinking, thus facilitating eventual impact and uptake. It includes an impact assessment ‘sensor’ that influences the process of R&D management. The model was used to augment key performance indicators in an existing transport and road research programme. It was shown that a systems-based approach can improve the impact assessment indicators of an R&D programme in a community access roads and transport research programme. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 547-560 Issue: 5 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1640344 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1640344 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:5:p:547-560 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1765478_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Peter Kayode Farayibi Author-X-Name-First: Peter Kayode Author-X-Name-Last: Farayibi Author-Name: Taiwo Ebenezer Abioye Author-X-Name-First: Taiwo Ebenezer Author-X-Name-Last: Abioye Author-Name: Olagoke Zephaniah Ayodeji Author-X-Name-First: Olagoke Zephaniah Author-X-Name-Last: Ayodeji Title: Development of an automated mechanical lift for material handling purposes Abstract: In this paper, the development of an automated mechanical lift for material handling purposes in a manufacturing environment was carried out and reported. The lift was designed for a rated load capacity of 10 kg which required a 1-hp electric motor. The power transmission was achieved using belt-pulley, worm gear and chain-sprocket mechanisms; and the system automation was achieved using contactors and limit switches. The performance evaluation of the system revealed that the relationship between the time required to raise and to return loads within a range of 5–15 kg through a distance of 1070 mm followed a third-order polynomial with high correlation coefficients of 0.996 and 0.998 respectively. The trend polynomial curve that characterized the lifting behaviour was found to have three regions. The first region had a slope of 0.25 sec/kg which decreased gradually to near zero, the second region had a near-zero slope over a load range of 7–10.60 kg and a consistent travel time of about 5.67 ± 0.03 sec, and the third region had a slope which increased from near zero to 0.64 sec/kg. The automated mechanical lift developed could successfully carry out the vertical displacement of materials, hence fulfilling the design purpose. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 561-569 Issue: 5 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1765478 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1765478 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:5:p:561-569 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1764177_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Idris Olabode Badiru Author-X-Name-First: Idris Olabode Author-X-Name-Last: Badiru Author-Name: Theophilus Opeyemi Amure Author-X-Name-First: Theophilus Opeyemi Author-X-Name-Last: Amure Title: Utilization of collapsible fish tank innovation among homestead fish farmers in Osun State, Nigeria Abstract: This study ascertained the utilization of collapsible fish tanks among homestead fish farmers in Osun State of Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used to elicit data on fish farmers’ awareness, disposition, influencing/limiting factors and utilization of the fish tank innovation from 166 randomly selected respondents from the three agricultural zones in the State. Percentages and frequency counts were used to describe collected data. The hypothesis was tested using a t-test at 95% confidence level. Homestead fish farmers were aware (61.4%) and well-disposed to the innovation (50.6%). However, level of utilization was low (11.4%). Users were mainly influenced by the multipurpose use of the innovation (mean = 2.0) and movability (mean = 1.68), while non-users were constrained by knowledge (mean = 1.24) and demographic access (mean = 1.09). There was a significant difference (t = 3.556, P ≤ 0.05) in the utilization of the innovation between members and non-member of fish farmers’ associations. Fish industry stakeholders should organize more trainings/workshops and provide more sales outlets for improved access and enhanced utilization of the innovation. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 571-580 Issue: 5 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1764177 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1764177 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:5:p:571-580 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1800242_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Christopher Tafara Gadzirayi Author-X-Name-First: Christopher Author-X-Name-Last: Tafara Gadzirayi Author-Name: Desmond Manatsa Author-X-Name-First: Desmond Author-X-Name-Last: Manatsa Author-Name: Edward Mutandwa Author-X-Name-First: Edward Author-X-Name-Last: Mutandwa Title: Tailoring conservation farming to climate change in the smallholder farming sector: Case of lowveld areas in Zimbabwe Abstract: This study on tailoring conservation farming to climate change attempted to design and proffer ways that enhance the application of climate information in managing climate-related production risks among smallholder farmers. The study characterized climate hazards related to crop and livestock production in marginal areas of Zimbabwe based on field observations. The study was carried out using a participatory and interactive survey approach. The climatic related risks impinging on livestock and cereal production in communal areas were outlined. A tailored seasonal climate forecast system, based on farmers’ contextual knowledge and conventional approaches, for smallholder farmers aimed at providing information relevant for the management of climate-related production risks was developed. Thus, local knowledge which made farming possible in the past, through pre-season and intra-season farm management strategies under harsh climatic conditions needs to be appreciated and fused into new climate systems. The study recommends that Agricultural Extension Workers should communicate agro-meteorological information that is usable by conservation farmers to manage their food production from an informed position. Local Agricultural Extension Workers should identify and provide key local coping strategies where the tailored forecast could be useful to the farmers since they are strategically positioned in relation to the farmers’ environment. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 581-590 Issue: 5 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1800242 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1800242 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:5:p:581-590 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1767354_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Yvonne Yeukai Murevanhema Author-X-Name-First: Yvonne Yeukai Author-X-Name-Last: Murevanhema Author-Name: Victoria Adaora Jideani Author-X-Name-First: Victoria Adaora Author-X-Name-Last: Jideani Title: Shelf-life characteristics of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.)Verdc) probiotic beverage Abstract: Two Bambara groundnut probiotic beverages (BGNPB), fermented with (1) Lactobacillus bulgaricus and (2) Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Lactobacillus plantarum were assessed for their shelf-life characteristics. During the shelf-life study, sampling of the BGNPB was done at two-days interval for 28 days for pH, total titratable acidity (TTA), microbial load and colour. Shelf-life data was modelled with Mitscherlich’s law of diminishing returns model and used to estimate the shelf-life of the BGNPB. After the 28 days of the storage pH was pH 4.30 and pH 4.25 at 5°C; pH 3.94 and pH 3.72 at 15°C and pH 3.78 and pH 3.45 at 25°C for (1) L. bulgaricus and (2) L. bulgaricus and L. plantarum, respectively. TTA was 1.8% and 2.0% at 5°C; 2.0% and 2.2% at 15°C while at 25°C it was 2.6% and 2.6% for (1) L. bulgaricus and (2) L. bulgaricus and L. plantarum, respectively. Microbial load and colour were significantly affected by the storage temperatures and time. Shelf-life was estimated as 28 days (right censored) for both BGNPB stored at 5°C. The shelf-life of the BGNPB under refrigeration (5°C) was longer when compared to the dairy counterparts with shelf-life of 14 days at 4°C. Therefore, the longer shelf-life of BGNPB makes the beverage a suitable vehicle to transport probiotics to humans. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 591-599 Issue: 5 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1767354 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1767354 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:5:p:591-599 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1762354_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Caleb Muyiwa Adelowo Author-X-Name-First: Caleb Muyiwa Author-X-Name-Last: Adelowo Title: Sources of technological learning among tenants of Nigeria’s incubators Abstract: Past literature on incubation has examined the benefits and roles incubators play in the stimulation of local and regional economies. Studies have also shown the enormous implications of technological and non-technological assistance to tenants’ enterprises. However, research on the process through which tenant firms acquire technological capability is limited, particularly from a developing economy like Nigeria. Hence, this study explored various sources that are open to the tenant firms of incubators in Nigeria to acquire technological capabilities which can sustain them during and after incubation. A questionnaire and unstructured interviews were deployed to obtain relevant data on the sources of technological learning from sixty-three tenants and six incubator managers. The results suggest that internal and external sources of technological learning among the tenants augment their ability to survive competition during and after the incubation periods. The internal sources were primarily the absorptive capacity of the tenants, linkages with knowledge centres and relevant technological efforts. External sources include sources of machinery and equipment used for production, information input from customers and technical skills from expatriates. The major obstacles to technological learning among the tenants are inadequate venture funds, weak linkages with knowledge institutions, particularly universities, inadequate technical training facilities within the incubators and poor basic infrastructure. The study concludes that tenants’ capabilities could be enhanced with adequate training, proper linkages with research institutions and improved internal technological efforts. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 601-617 Issue: 5 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1762354 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1762354 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:5:p:601-617 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1769252_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mingfeng Tang Author-X-Name-First: Mingfeng Author-X-Name-Last: Tang Author-Name: Chen Yang Author-X-Name-First: Chen Author-X-Name-Last: Yang Author-Name: Angathevar Baskaran Author-X-Name-First: Angathevar Author-X-Name-Last: Baskaran Author-Name: Jianwei Tan Author-X-Name-First: Jianwei Author-X-Name-Last: Tan Title: Engaging alumni entrepreneurs in the student entrepreneurship development process: A social network perspective Abstract: Using the social network perspective and a case study of Chongqing Jiaotong University, this study analyzes the engagement of alumni entrepreneurs in the university student entrepreneurship development process in China. It employs primary data gathered through interviews of senior university managers, alumni and student entrepreneurs, and student start-ups. The study found that the importance of alumni entrepreneurs is comparatively weak at the formation stage of student entrepreneurial intention but relatively strong at the entrepreneurial resource acquisition stage. The most important resource provided by the alumni is information, followed by materials, clients, and human, technological and financial resources. Professors play the most important role in nurturing student entrepreneurship, both at the formation stage and the resource acquisition stage. The findings suggest that universities should involve alumni entrepreneurs actively to foster student entrepreneurship as well as incentivize professors to proactively nurture student entrepreneurs. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 619-629 Issue: 5 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1769252 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1769252 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:5:p:619-629 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1638585_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Rachel Nishimwe-Niyimbanira Author-X-Name-First: Rachel Author-X-Name-Last: Nishimwe-Niyimbanira Title: Income poverty versus multidimensional poverty: Empirical insight from Qwaqwa Abstract: Poverty has numerous dimensions that affect people’s well-being. The literature on the concept and measurement of poverty has significantly improved from the traditional unidimensional (income/expenditure) analysis to the multidimensional concept of poverty and well-being. This paper critically compared the monetary approach with the multidimensional approach to poverty, both theoretically and based on a case study. The paper also determined the level of various deprivations suffered by a population in the rural area of QwaQwa. A sample of 404 households randomly selected was used. The analysis followed Alkire and the Foster Family of Measurements and the Spearman correlation. Results indicate that the income measure presents conservative estimates of poverty as compared to the multidimensional measure. The findings also imply a need to give priority to rural areas such as QwaQwa when implementing efforts to alleviate multidimensional poverty in South Africa. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 631-641 Issue: 5 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1638585 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1638585 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:5:p:631-641 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1639285_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Prerna Sah Author-X-Name-First: Prerna Author-X-Name-Last: Sah Author-Name: Sambit Mallick Author-X-Name-First: Sambit Author-X-Name-Last: Mallick Title: Violence of science and development: Withering away of the displaced Van Gujjars in and around Rajaji National Park, Uttarakhand Abstract: This paper examines the displacement of the semi-nomadic pastoral community of the Van Gujjars from the Protected Area of Rajaji National Park, displacement falling under the rubric of ‘development-induced displacement’. The study carried out was based on qualitative data collection. Primary data was collected through interviews that were semi-structured. Purposive sampling was used to approach the three sets of respondents, viz. government officials, ‘experts’ from the Wildlife Institute of India and NGOs and the tribal community of the Van Gujjars. Data analysis puts forth a very ambiguous argument for the establishment of Protected Areas. The rehabilitation of the Van Gujjars is justified by those who argue that their way of life is unsustainable. By coming forward to put forth a proposal for a community management plan entailing their active participation, it validates the fact that they (Van Gujjars) too have a stake in the preservation of the forests and its wildlife and, thus, should have a say in crucial matters. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 643-652 Issue: 5 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1639285 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1639285 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:5:p:643-652 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1764176_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Edlyne Eze Anugwom Author-X-Name-First: Edlyne Eze Author-X-Name-Last: Anugwom Author-Name: Kenechukwu Nwakego Anugwom Author-X-Name-First: Kenechukwu Nwakego Author-X-Name-Last: Anugwom Author-Name: Oliver Ifeanyi Eya Author-X-Name-First: Oliver Ifeanyi Author-X-Name-Last: Eya Title: Clean energy transition in a developing society: Perspectives on the socioeconomic determinants of Solar Home Systems adoption among urban households in southeastern Nigeria Abstract: This study identifies factors that constrain the adoption of clean energy sources by urban households in southeastern Nigeria, using the Solar Home Systems (SHS) as a case study. It is premised on the assumption that adoption of innovation is affected by socioeconomic conditions and depended on both documentary data and surveys. Apart from discovering an abysmal level of adoption of the SHS among Nigeria’s urban population, it also discovered widespread fuel stacking amongst the households sampled; over 75% of respondents placed the SHS as the last choice and none chose the SHS as the first-choice source of household energy. Adoption of SHS is not heavily influenced by socioeconomic status but by such issues as the reliability of the systems, perceived problems in access to grid connections, and limited scope of energy generated. But overriding these challenges is the problem of awareness of the nature, uses, capacity and longevity of the SHS. Therefore, there is need for delimited studies of these issues and policy realignment if the transition to clean energy is to be achieved in Nigeria. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 653-661 Issue: 5 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1764176 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1764176 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:5:p:653-661 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1694781_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Swapan Kumar Patra Author-X-Name-First: Swapan Kumar Author-X-Name-Last: Patra Title: An Introduction to Fair use and Copyright Management of Universities in India Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 663-664 Issue: 5 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1694781 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1694781 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:5:p:663-664 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1434856_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Sayyed Mohsen Azad Author-X-Name-First: Sayyed Mohsen Author-X-Name-Last: Azad Author-Name: Seyed Hassan Ghodsypour Author-X-Name-First: Seyed Hassan Author-X-Name-Last: Ghodsypour Title: A novel system dynamics’ model for the motors of a sectoral innovation system–simulating and policymaking Abstract: In recent years, science and technology policymaking has been taken into consideration by many researchers. One of the most important fields of this policymaking is innovation systems’ management; which is divided into national, regional, sectoral and technological innovation systems. In this research, there is a focus on a sectoral innovation system in the petrochemical industry and a system dynamics’ model is developed for this purpose. The contribution of this paper is dynamic switching between motors in the sectoral innovation system that makes the model more realistic. The validation results are above 85% on average, which shows an acceptable performance of the model. Following on, some scenarios and policies are presented to improve the performance of the model in different conditions. The evidence shows which scenario has the best performance and will bring increased profit to the entire cycle. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 239-257 Issue: 3 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1434856 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1434856 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:3:p:239-257 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1452845_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Inès L. Tchetgnia Ngassam Author-X-Name-First: Inès L. Author-X-Name-Last: Tchetgnia Ngassam Author-Name: Philemon Arito Author-X-Name-First: Philemon Author-X-Name-Last: Arito Author-Name: Hans Beushausen Author-X-Name-First: Hans Author-X-Name-Last: Beushausen Title: A new approach for the mix design of (patch) repair mortars Abstract: The failure of most repairs in concrete structures is mainly manifested in the form of cracking and/or debonding of the repair layer. These two repair mechanisms could lead to the continuous corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete. Cracking and debonding have been attributed to the high differential shrinkage that exists between the concrete substrate and repair layer as well as the lack of adherence, which commonly results from poor workmanship. It is crucial that restrained shrinkage mechanisms of patch repairs be understood so that the abovementioned effects can be prevented. The performance of patch repairs can be improved through the optimization of their mix design. Thus, it is common to use admixtures, non-cementitious compounds and polymers. However, promising technologies such as expansive admixtures that counteract shrinkage have found little application to date.Polymers do not chemically react with the cementitious matrix. They, however, have been reported to modify the microstructure in cementitious materials, consequently, resulting in improved properties with respect to mechanical, chemical and durability aspects. They increase chemical interactions with mineral phases, which improves the bond between the mortar and the substrate. Besides this, expansive cements are types of cement whose volume increases, unlike plain Portland cement where the volume typically decreases with time. This property relates to the use of expansive admixtures like quicklime, which exhibits an enormous volume increase upon hydration. This property leads to the reduction of the shrinkage, which is increased by the combination of the quicklime to a shrinkage-reducing admixtures (SRA).Using polymer technology and expansive admixtures, it is possible to develop a new approach for the mix design of repair mortars that combines the positive effects of polymer latex (increasing of bond strength) and expansive admixture (reducing the shrinkage) properties to reduce cracking and debonding failures in patch repairs. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 259-265 Issue: 3 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1452845 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1452845 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:3:p:259-265 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1452846_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Yeyisani Makhubele Author-X-Name-First: Yeyisani Author-X-Name-Last: Makhubele Title: An investigation of the impact of the 1 + 4 Mathematics Teaching Intervention Programme on the attitude of Grade eight and nine Mathematics teachers after two years of attendance Abstract: The purpose of the study was to explore Grade eight and nine teachers’ attitudes towards teaching Mathematics after they had spent two years attending the 1 + 4 Mathematics Teaching Intervention Programme. The sample for the study consisted of 82 teachers who were purposefully sampled due to their participation in the intervention programme. To obtain the data necessary to address the research question, a Likert four-point scale questionnaire was used, together with lesson observations and interviews. The study utilized a mixed method design and was conducted in six phases. The data obtained from the questionnaires, lesson observations and interviews were processed and analyzed with the aid of the Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program. The study revealed a significantly positive correlation between teacher attitude and attendance of the 1 + 4 Mathematics Teaching Intervention programme. The study suggests that attending the programme led to the development of positive attitudes towards the teaching of Mathematics and radiated teachers’ competency to teach the subject. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 267-278 Issue: 3 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1452846 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1452846 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:3:p:267-278 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1453240_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Karthikeyan Rajagopal Author-X-Name-First: Karthikeyan Author-X-Name-Last: Rajagopal Author-Name: Anitha Karthikeyan Author-X-Name-First: Anitha Author-X-Name-Last: Karthikeyan Author-Name: Prakash Duraisamy Author-X-Name-First: Prakash Author-X-Name-Last: Duraisamy Title: Difference equations of a memristor higher order hyperchaotic oscillator Abstract: A fifth-order chaotic circuit with two memristors is designed with reference to the Chua chaotic oscillation circuit and its corresponding dynamics model is established. The designed memristor hyperchaotic system (Bao, et al. 2011, 2180–2187) is analyzed with its spice model. Then a LabVIEW equivalent model of the system is designed and the numerical simulations are derived. The hyperchaotic system is discretized for iterative state variables and the design is numerically valuated using LabVIEW results. This discrete map finds its applications in a variety of cryptographic algorithms. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 279-285 Issue: 3 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1453240 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1453240 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:3:p:279-285 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1455314_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Abha Arya Author-X-Name-First: Abha Author-X-Name-Last: Arya Author-Name: Saradindu Bhaduri Author-X-Name-First: Saradindu Author-X-Name-Last: Bhaduri Title: Technological capabilities in the Indian Ayurveda medicine industry: Lessons for ‘industrialisation’ of alternative medicine in the post-WTO regime Abstract: This paper makes an attempt to explore technological change as well as the motivations and pattern of technological capabilities in the Indian Ayurveda medicine industry. It seeks to investigate the different kinds of learning and technological innovations taking place in the post-WTO regime in the industry to enable it to cater for the global market. The paper discusses assimilative capabilities, collaborative learning and path-dependence of the Ayurveda industry with the help of primary data collected from firms, research institutes, and individual scientists. Broadly, we find the pattern of technological capability acquisition and learning to vary with firm’s size, ownership pattern, educational background of owners and firm age. We find that the categories of technological capabilities are not watertight in nature, and a firm can fall in more than one category at times. Our findings also suggest that changing formulation technologies poses a new challenge for the delivery mechanism of Ayurveda drugs, calling for a greater interdependence between medical practice and production systems. It observes the formation of region specific clusters driving collaborative learning in small and medium-sized enterprises. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 287-298 Issue: 3 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1455314 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1455314 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:3:p:287-298 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1455334_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: S. A. Adekola Author-X-Name-First: S. A. Author-X-Name-Last: Adekola Author-Name: A. Akinlua Author-X-Name-First: A. Author-X-Name-Last: Akinlua Author-Name: T. R. Ajayi Author-X-Name-First: T. R. Author-X-Name-Last: Ajayi Author-Name: T. A. Adesiyan Author-X-Name-First: T. A. Author-X-Name-Last: Adesiyan Author-Name: D. O. Ige Author-X-Name-First: D. O. Author-X-Name-Last: Ige Title: Geochemistry, heavy mineral and sedimentological analyses of potential reservoir sand samples from Kolmani River-1 well, Northern Benue Trough, Nigeria Abstract: Forty ditch cutting samples were worked on, twenty each for trace elements and sedimentological analyses. A few of these samples were selected for the analysis of heavy minerals within the Bima sandstone and shale sandstone units. The samples were obtained from Shell Nigeria Exploration and Production Company from a depth of between 2414 m and 2785 m. The results showed high concentration values of Ca and K which indicate a low degree of weathering in the source area of the material forming the reservoir rock. A high concentration of Fe and Ti implies the presence of Fe and Ti bearing minerals in the source materials, and the abundance of metals like Cu (135–1629 ppm) and Zn (233–1411 ppm) implied a fine grain size for the sediments as this supports metal absorptivity. The probability curves indicate that the sediments were transported by saltation and suspension in shallow marine environment. The heavy mineral assemblage indicates that the sediments were mineralogically mature and suggest igneous and metamorphic sources. The sorting pattern shows that the distance of transport of materials was intermediate to far from their source. The reservoir rock of Bima Formation shows evidence of having fair to good potential and can hence hold fluids if other petroleum systems are in place. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 299-310 Issue: 3 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1455334 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1455334 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:3:p:299-310 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1457274_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Nelson Mango Author-X-Name-First: Nelson Author-X-Name-Last: Mango Author-Name: Clifton Makate Author-X-Name-First: Clifton Author-X-Name-Last: Makate Author-Name: Nicola Francesconi Author-X-Name-First: Nicola Author-X-Name-Last: Francesconi Author-Name: Matthias Jager Author-X-Name-First: Matthias Author-X-Name-Last: Jager Author-Name: Mark Lundy Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Lundy Title: Determinants of market participation and marketing channels in smallholder groundnut farming: A case of Mudzi district, Zimbabwe Abstract: This paper investigates the factors that are associated with market participation and choice of marketing channels by smallholder groundnut farmers in a semi-arid district of Zimbabwe. It contributes to the existing body of knowledge on groundnuts, especially the marketing aspect. Data was derived from a literature review and a cross-sectional household baseline survey. We applied simple logistic regression framework to determine the factors associated with market participation and choice of marketing channel. Our study findings show that land size, access to transport information, distance to the nearest town, age and education of the household head are among the important factors influencing the decision to participate or not to participate in selling of groundnuts. Choice of a particular marketing channel is influenced by distance to the nearest town, education level of the farmer, access to remittances, and market information. In conclusion. these findings suggest that an adjustment in each of these significant variables can influence the probability of market participation and an informed choice of marketing channels. In terms of policy, this implies that technological changes, infrastructural improvements, agricultural institutional developments, and capacity building of smallholder farmers can help to improve farmers’ market participation and informed market channel choice. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 311-321 Issue: 3 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1457274 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1457274 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:3:p:311-321 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1461967_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Isaiah G. Adebayo Author-X-Name-First: Isaiah G. Author-X-Name-Last: Adebayo Author-Name: Adisa A. Jimoh Author-X-Name-First: Adisa A. Author-X-Name-Last: Jimoh Author-Name: Adedayo A. Yusuff Author-X-Name-First: Adedayo A. Author-X-Name-Last: Yusuff Author-Name: Yanxia Sun Author-X-Name-First: Yanxia Author-X-Name-Last: Sun Title: Alternative method for the identification of critical nodes leading to voltage instability in a power system Abstract: The introduction of new operation enhancement technologies plus increasing application of power electronics, coupled with the continuous increase in load demand, has increased the risk of power networks to voltage instability and susceptibility to voltage collapse. This frequent occurrence of voltage collapse in modern power system has been a growing concern among power system utilities. This paper proposes alternative techniques for the identification of critical nodes that are liable to voltage instability in a power system. The first method is based on the critical mode corresponding to the smallest eigenvalues, while the second technique is based on the centrality measure to identify the most influential node of the networks. The eigenvector centrality measure is formulated from the response matrices of both the load and generator nodes of the networks. The effectiveness of the suggested approaches is tested using the IEEE 30-bus and the Southern Indian 10-bus power networks. The results are compared with the techniques based on the traditional power flow. The whole procedure of the results involved in the identification of critical nodes through the proposed methods is totally non-iterative and thereby saves time and requires less computational burden. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 323-333 Issue: 3 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1461967 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1461967 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:3:p:323-333 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1463645_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: L. J. S. Baiyegunhi Author-X-Name-First: L. J. S. Author-X-Name-Last: Baiyegunhi Author-Name: M. B. Hassan Author-X-Name-First: M. B. Author-X-Name-Last: Hassan Author-Name: G. F. Ortmann Author-X-Name-First: G. F. Author-X-Name-Last: Ortmann Title: Impact of Integrated Striga Management (ISM) technology on maize productivity in northern Nigeria: A treatment effect approach Abstract: This paper evaluates the impact of adopting Integrated Striga Management (ISM) technologies on maize productivity among rural households of northern Nigeria. The study utilizes cross-sectional data collected in 2014 from a randomly selected 643 households. A treatment effect regression model was used to estimate the causal impact of ISM technology adoption on farm productivity. The results revealed that adoption of ISM technology has a significant positive impact on maize yield per hectare. This confirms the potential role of ISM technology adoption in the Striga infested areas in improving rural household productivity and its ability to withstand production risk. An analysis of the determinants of adoption suggested farmer age, cooperative membership, past participation in on-farm trials, access to cash remittances, access to fertilizer, access to improved seeds and yield perception as the key determinants of ISM technology adoption. Results from the treatment effect model indicate that adoption of ISM technologies has a positive effect on farm productivity, with adopters on average achieving a 47% increase in maize yield per ha above that of non-adopters. Policy implications for promoting ISM technology adoption and farm productivity are discussed. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 335-344 Issue: 3 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1463645 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1463645 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:3:p:335-344 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1463652_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Md. Aslam Mia Author-X-Name-First: Md. Aslam Author-X-Name-Last: Mia Author-Name: Md. Sohel Rana Author-X-Name-First: Md. Sohel Author-X-Name-Last: Rana Title: What affects portfolio yield of microfinance institutions? Evidence from Bangladesh Abstract: Despite the success and rapid growth of the microfinance industry worldwide, there has been very little sign of any abatement of the high interest rates. High interest rates in microfinance rescind consumer benefits and limit the outreach of microfinance institutions (MFIs). Hence, the aim of this study is to identify the determinants of portfolio yield by examining a longitudinal data of 169 MFIs from Bangladesh. The data are collected from the annual reports of the Microcredit Regulatory Authority (MRA) and cover the period from 2009 and 2014. Based on empirical results, the study found that sources of funds are optimally used in the microfinance industry in Bangladesh. Among other institutional characteristics and macroeconomic factors, only operating cost and inflation were found to be positively significant to portfolio yield, supporting the conventional views. Policy implications are further discussed. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 345-353 Issue: 3 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1463652 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1463652 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:3:p:345-353 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1463654_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Anuoluwapo Abosede Durokifa Author-X-Name-First: Anuoluwapo Abosede Author-X-Name-Last: Durokifa Author-Name: Edwin Chikata Ijeoma Author-X-Name-First: Edwin Chikata Author-X-Name-Last: Ijeoma Title: Neo-colonialism and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in Africa: A blend of an old wine in a new bottle Abstract: The introduction of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in 2000 by the United Nations, which was aimed at reducing poverty, hunger, illiteracy, gender inequality and correcting some developmental malfunctions, was received with mixed feelings from development experts especially regarding its 15-year target for Africa. Some scholars were of the opinion that the MDGs were a huge failure in most, if not all, countries in Africa. Others, however, recorded considerable progress in developing countries. Deploying data from secondary sources, this paper, which is a retrospective study, brings into recognition that while the implementation of the MDGs was a good idea, they do not reflect Africa’s development stance outright. This paper analyzes each goal with substantial examples, and contends that the MDGs were an indirect way of making developing countries depend on the West. The paper recommends that Africa has to make a demarcation between its economy and that of the Western world. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 355-366 Issue: 3 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1463654 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1463654 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:3:p:355-366 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1469214_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: I. Akite Author-X-Name-First: I. Author-X-Name-Last: Akite Author-Name: I. P. Aryemo Author-X-Name-First: I. P. Author-X-Name-Last: Aryemo Author-Name: E. K. Kule Author-X-Name-First: E. K. Author-X-Name-Last: Kule Author-Name: B. Mugonola Author-X-Name-First: B. Author-X-Name-Last: Mugonola Author-Name: D. R. Kugonza Author-X-Name-First: D. R. Author-X-Name-Last: Kugonza Author-Name: M. W. Okot Author-X-Name-First: M. W. Author-X-Name-Last: Okot Title: Gender dimensions in the local chicken value chain in northern Uganda Abstract: The study was conducted to explore gender dimensions in the local chicken value chain in northern Uganda. Specifically, it focused on characterizing local chicken value chain actors, ascertaining level and determinants of gender participation as well as relationships between gender, access and control over income from local chicken enterprises. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaires administered in a cross-sectional survey of 200 randomly selected local chicken value chain actors. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 10 and StataSE 13 software from which simplified gross margins, descriptive statistics, correlations and a Logit regression model were estimated. Results revealed that majority of value chain actors were aged 20–48 years and males were dominant across most segments in the value chain. Men participated more in input supply, house construction, marketing and barbequing while women participated in production and stewing local chickens. Among actors, processors (UGX 1,911,274) and farmers (UGX 159,691) had the highest and least annual gross margin respectively. The Logit model revealed that age, education level, marital status and income control positively influenced (Pr = 0.00) gender participation. Men had more control over income than women. An engendered innovation platform could be established for training and empowerment of local chicken value chain actors. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 367-380 Issue: 3 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1469214 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1469214 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:3:p:367-380 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1889757_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Shem Sikombe Author-X-Name-First: Shem Author-X-Name-Last: Sikombe Author-Name: Maxwell Phiri Author-X-Name-First: Maxwell Author-X-Name-Last: Phiri Title: How do institutionalized supplier development initiatives affect knowledge transfer and operational performance? Evidence from SME construction companies in Zambia Abstract: The purpose of the study is, first, to examine how, and which institutionalized supplier development initiatives are associated with knowledge transfer, and, second, to investigate the mediating role of knowledge transfer between institutionalized supplier development and operational performance. Data were collected through a survey of SME contractors in the construction industry in Zambia. A total of 171 successful questionnaires were analyzed using hierarchical regression and the bootstrapping procedure. The findings show that direct institutionalized supplier development approaches such as the 20% subcontracting policy and training are related to knowledge transfer. The findings also reveal that knowledge transfer mediates the relationship between the 20% subcontracting policy and operational performance, as well as between training and operational performance. However, there is no evidence of a relationship between knowledge transfer and indirect supplier development such as the construction finance initiative, preferential and reservation schemes. Regarding policy implications, the study suggests that policymakers should prioritize direct institutionalized supplier development initiatives that stimulate knowledge transfer. The original contribution of the article is the application of indirect and direct supplier development and knowledge transfer in the context of public-funded construction projects. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 655-668 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1889757 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1889757 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:3:p:655-668 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1908693_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ajebush A. Shafi Author-X-Name-First: Ajebush A. Author-X-Name-Last: Shafi Author-Name: Mammo Muchie Author-X-Name-First: Mammo Author-X-Name-Last: Muchie Author-Name: Getachew T. Sedebo Author-X-Name-First: Getachew T. Author-X-Name-Last: Sedebo Title: South Africa’s agro processing trade in value added, global value chains (GVCs) perspective Abstract: The agro-processing sub-sector of the manufacturing industry has high recognition on the South African government’s development agenda. Yet, the contribution of the sector to the economy with respect to the foreign trade earning appears to be low in comparison to its potential and counterparts in the developed world. The objective of this study is to analyze the South African agro-processing sub-sector of the manufacturing industry trade performance in global value chains perspective and identify the potential policy recommendations to improve the sector benefit. The paper also gives an overview of South Africa’s agro-processing sector global value chains participation and the benefits from this in the form of value-added trade earning through backward linkages. The study used secondary data derived from Statistics South Africa (Stats SA); International Trade Center, COMTRADE; and Quantec EasyData (2017) and focused only on the agro-processing sector defined as food, beverage, and tobacco. The study results in general show that in each specific period the growth in real export and import values of agro-processing sub-sector of manufacturing industries has a decreasing trend with few exceptions. The results also indicate that South Africa has relatively low shares of foreign value-added products in its exports of food, beverages, and tobacco products in the agro-processing sub-sector of manufacturing industries goods. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 852-861 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1908693 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1908693 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:3:p:852-861 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1884326_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Johanna Johansen Author-X-Name-First: Johanna Author-X-Name-Last: Johansen Author-Name: Josef Noll Author-X-Name-First: Josef Author-X-Name-Last: Noll Author-Name: Christian Johansen Author-X-Name-First: Christian Author-X-Name-Last: Johansen Title: InfoInternet for education in the Global South: A study of applications enabled by free information-only internet access in technologically disadvantaged areas Abstract: This paper summarizes our work on studying educational applications enabled by the introduction of a new information layer called InfoInternet. This is an initiative to facilitate affordable access to internet-based information in communities with network scarcity or economic problems from the Global South. InfoInternet develops both networking solutions as well as business and social models, together with actors like mobile operators and government organizations. In this paper we identify and describe characteristics of educational applications, their specific users, and learning environment. We are interested in applications that make the adoption of Internet faster, cheaper, and wider in such communities. When developing new applications (or adopting existing ones) for such constrained environments, this work acts as initial guidelines prior to field studies. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 642-654 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1884326 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1884326 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:3:p:642-654 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1889768_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Abdulkarim A. Oloyede Author-X-Name-First: Abdulkarim A. Author-X-Name-Last: Oloyede Author-Name: Nasir Faruk Author-X-Name-First: Nasir Author-X-Name-Last: Faruk Author-Name: Wasiu O. Raji Author-X-Name-First: Wasiu O. Author-X-Name-Last: Raji Title: COVID-19 lockdown and remote attendance teaching in developing countries: A review of some online pedagogical resources Abstract: The Corona Virus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has negatively impacted teaching and learning globally, imposing widespread closure of schools from the elementary to tertiary levels. As of 14 April 2020, teaching activities of over 1.75 billion students globally were disrupted in about 200 countries that have implemented full or partial lockdown across the world. At the time of writing, the duration of the current pandemic cannot be ascertained. Therefore, the teaching and learning process should also adapt to the new normal, which includes suitable social distancing, self-isolation and other disruptive guidelines outlined by the World Health Organization. Thus, more than ever, COVID-19 has now emphasized the necessity to embrace different and flexible methods of teaching and, by extension, learning. Therefore, e-teaching and e-learning have emerged as complementary solutions that reduce disruption to educational activities. Despite having a solution in online teaching to reduce the effect of COVID-19 on education, it’s noteworthy that the solution is not available to every educator, learner and school, especially in developing countries. In developing countries, especially across Africa, lack of awareness of the existing online teaching resources and their suitability for remote attendance teaching and lack of skill sets required for using the resources are the issues impeding online teaching. This paper reviews and evaluates twenty-two (22) remote attendance teaching resources, their special features and system requirements. The technical requirements, suitability, and limitations of each application are considered. The implementation challenges of using the resources are discussed, and some solutions are recommended. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 678-696 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1889768 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1889768 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:3:p:678-696 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1899558_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Natisha Gareeb Author-X-Name-First: Natisha Author-X-Name-Last: Gareeb Author-Name: Pantaleo D. Rwelamila Author-X-Name-First: Pantaleo D. Author-X-Name-Last: Rwelamila Title: Rethinking project management maturity models for the South African power sector Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to determine whether the current Project Management Maturity Models (PMMM) described in the literature are suitable for the South African (SA) power sector. The research objective of this paper is to map the main PMMM to address the suitability for the SA power sector. The research question this paper addresses is: “How are the main maturity models in project management for the SA power sector?” The study is based on a literature review. The literature search is categorized over a 19-year period from 2000 to 2019 using 28 databases. The analysis covered data from published papers, conference papers, government white papers, books, and relevant materials of the institutions. This analysis was undertaken to decide whether there was a need to develop a PMMM for SA's power sector. The paper establishes characteristics of the SA power sector through a literature review and a PESTLE analysis. The findings of the study indicate that the bulk of the models were adaptations of existing models. The ones that are not direct adaptions are discussed in this paper. The findings indicate that the current models are not completely suitable for SA's power sector. Large multinational projects taking place in SA need to consider the SA environment before entering SA markets in the power sector. The current literature indicates that there is a gap pertaining to a PMMM for SA's power sector. The theoretical contribution of the paper identifies the characteristics of SA power sector; lists the current maturity models and provides an analysis of 28 models and assesses the suitability of the current PMMM for the SA power sector. The major contribution of this study provides a PESTLE analysis for SA's power sector. The sector specific factors have also been provided. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 759-773 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1899558 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1899558 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:3:p:759-773 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1908660_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Roberto Mavilia Author-X-Name-First: Roberto Author-X-Name-Last: Mavilia Author-Name: Roberta Pisani Author-X-Name-First: Roberta Author-X-Name-Last: Pisani Title: Blockchain for agricultural sector: The case of South Africa Abstract: New technologies are playing a fundamental role in the postmodern era of globalization where interpersonal interactions at the international level and the exchange of goods, services, information and capital are the basis of all activities. The agriculture sector is constantly facing numerous challenges including the steady growth of the population, climate change, the increasing number of catastrophes, the loss of biodiversity and the spread of parasites. This paper analyzes the impacts of Blockchain applications in agriculture and the food supply chain, through a survey literature review, providing the various players in the agriculture value chain with new tools and key technologies to improve production and distribution processes. To demonstrate the importance of applying the Blockchain in the agriculture sector, especially for emerging countries, the case of South Africa is examined. This focus is one of the unique aspects of this paper, which is the first to deal with this kind of solution applied to the South African context. Our findings indicate that Blockchain, in the e-agricultural context, has the potential for reshaping the entire sector, contributing also to the resolution of the food crisis. This paper discusses the overall implications, limits, challenges and potentials of these applications, from a critical point of view. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 845-851 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1908660 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1908660 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:3:p:845-851 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1906522_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Sospeter J. Charles Author-X-Name-First: Sospeter J. Author-X-Name-Last: Charles Author-Name: Amon Z. Mattee Author-X-Name-First: Amon Z. Author-X-Name-Last: Mattee Author-Name: Catherine P. Msuya-Bengesi Author-X-Name-First: Catherine P. Author-X-Name-Last: Msuya-Bengesi Title: Factors affecting interactions between different key actors in improved rice varieties innovation system in the Eastern Zone of Tanzania Abstract: This study examines factors affecting the interactions between different key actors in the innovation system of improved rice varieties in the Eastern Zone of Tanzania. A parallel mixed design was used to collect the data from a sample of 340 randomly selected rice farming households and 34 purposively selected key informants from actor groups involved in rice innovations. Information was collected using structured and semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and documentary review. Factors affecting interactions between farmers and other key actors were analyzed using a binary logistic model and chi-square test, meanwhile, content analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data. The findings show that household income, farming systems, leadership, innovation platforms, coordination bodies, trust, human and financial resources, ICT facilities, and transportation means were the factors that affected interactions between different actors in the system. Equally, limited financial resources were reported to have affected every actor group’s ability to interact in the system, thus significantly constraining the implementation of linkage activities designed to facilitate actors’ interactions along the improved rice varieties value chain. This study speaks to policymakers on formulating strategies for financial resource mobilization that will strengthen availability and accessibility of finance by actors and enable the implementation of linkage activities (e.g., innovation platform establishment, enhancement of ICT facilities, and improvement of transport means, among others) which, in turn, will strengthen actors’ interactions in the system and improve rice production. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 832-844 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1906522 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1906522 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:3:p:832-844 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1883413_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Tesfa Tegegne Asfaw Author-X-Name-First: Tesfa Tegegne Author-X-Name-Last: Asfaw Author-Name: Belisty Yalew Mekonnen Author-X-Name-First: Belisty Yalew Author-X-Name-Last: Mekonnen Title: Knowledge sharing by clinicians using social media: A case study in Ethiopia Abstract: Social media is becoming an integral part of medical information dissemination. Health professionals adopt social media for clinical knowledge sharing and for social networking. However, there is no information specifically about use of social media by Ethiopian clinicians: The purpose of this study is to explore the usage of social media by Ethiopian clinicians for clinical knowledge sharing. The data is collected from seven governmental and non-governmental hospitals. Purposive and snow ball sampling technique was employed to select the participants (N = 150); and 109 clinicians participated in the survey. Multiple linear regression analyses was conducted to identify predictors of social media use by clinicians for knowledge sharing. Among 109 social media users 27 (24.8%) have used social media solely for professional knowledge sharing, 30 (27.5%) for individual social networking, 40(36.7%) for both professional knowledge sharing and social networking, and 5 (4.6%) for other purposes. The vast majority of the respondents frequently use more than one social media tool 39.4% (Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube). The study shows that clinicians have started to adopt and harness social media effectively for professional purposes. Clinicians tried to use a variety of social media tools to share clinical knowledge; however, despite the availability of many medically focused virtual communities (professional communities), clinicians did not exploit these sites for clinical knowledge sharing. The participants disclosed that the limitation of social media is lack of quality and reliability. Moreover, lack of social media usage policy or guideline in Ethiopia is the reason that some clinicians do not use social media; thus, building a local professional community platform and developing social media usage policy/guideline is future work. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 630-641 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1883413 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1883413 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:3:p:630-641 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1877417_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Stephen Kehinde Medase Author-X-Name-First: Stephen Kehinde Author-X-Name-Last: Medase Author-Name: Michael Wyrwich Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Wyrwich Title: The role of innovation for employment growth among firms in developing countries: Evidence from Nigeria Abstract: This paper examines the nexus between innovation and employment growth. In contrast to most studies that employ data from technologically advanced economies, the study uses well-documented data from a leapfrogging and catching-up economy in sub-Saharan Africa. We find a positive relationship between process innovation and employment growth among Nigerian manufacturing and services firms from 2005 to 2010. Furthermore, product innovation is also positively related to employment growth in manufacturing. This study’s peculiarity is that innovative firms’ ability to grow rely on their operations in regional and export markets, respectively. Our study contributes to the understanding of innovation and firm development in emerging economies. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 610-619 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1877417 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1877417 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:3:p:610-619 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1899761_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: De-Graft Owusu-Manu Author-X-Name-First: De-Graft Author-X-Name-Last: Owusu-Manu Author-Name: Frank A. Ghansah Author-X-Name-First: Frank A. Author-X-Name-Last: Ghansah Author-Name: Joshua Ayarkwa Author-X-Name-First: Joshua Author-X-Name-Last: Ayarkwa Author-Name: David J. Edwards Author-X-Name-First: David J. Author-X-Name-Last: Edwards Author-Name: Reza Hosseini Author-X-Name-First: Reza Author-X-Name-Last: Hosseini Title: Factors influencing the decision to adopt Smart Building Technology (SBT) in developing countries Abstract: The decision-making towards the adoption of Smart Building Technologies (SBTs) is not sufficiently informed by pertinent expertise in developing countries such as Ghana, in terms of energy-efficient building design methods and associated technologies. This study aims to assess the decision level on adopting SBTs and identify the factors that influence pertinent decision-making in developing countries. A questionnaire survey was adopted to collect data from 227 respondents, including project managers and construction design teams. Descriptive analytical tools and a one sample t-test were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that the decision level to adopt SBTs is moderately high in the Ghanaian construction industry. The significant factors influencing the decision to adopt SBTs are “Instrumentation and Control”, “Connectivity”, “Interoperability”, “Data Management and Analytics”, “Privacy and Security”, “IT Professional Support”, “Top Management Support”, “Viable Funding Strategy”, “Stakeholders' Computer Self-Efficacy”, “Stakeholders' Engagement and Participation” and “Participation and Collaboration.” Practically, the result serves as a valuable reference for assisting policymakers and practitioners in the construction industry, especially project managers and construction design teams, towards decision-making on smart buildings. The study probed the multifaceted nature of the construction industry to assess and identify the significant factors influencing the decision to adopt SBTs in the construction industry of developing countries. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 790-800 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1899761 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1899761 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:3:p:790-800 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1879510_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Y. S. Nyam Author-X-Name-First: Y. S. Author-X-Name-Last: Nyam Author-Name: T. O. Ojo Author-X-Name-First: T. O. Author-X-Name-Last: Ojo Author-Name: J. A. Belle Author-X-Name-First: J. A. Author-X-Name-Last: Belle Author-Name: A. A. Ogundeji Author-X-Name-First: A. A. Author-X-Name-Last: Ogundeji Author-Name: A. A. Adetoro Author-X-Name-First: A. A. Author-X-Name-Last: Adetoro Title: Determinants of profit efficiency among smallholder sheep farmers in South Africa Abstract: Livestock production contributes significantly to the agricultural sector in South African partly because it is a source of cash income especially for smallholder farmers who depend on agriculture for their livelihood. This article analyzes the competitiveness and profitability of smallholder livestock farmers and its impacts on their livelihood in South Africa. We applied the stochastic profit frontier approach to account for the factors influencing the productivity of sheep production and the profit efficiency of the farmers. The results of our analysis show that education and household size increase the profitability of the farmers while gender (female) and sheep loss negatively influence the profitability of the farmers. The average profitability (profit efficiency) score was estimated at 65.5% meaning that an estimated 34.9% of the profitability is lost due to the combination of technical and allocative efficiencies in production. This implies that the smallholder farmers are not producing at full capacity and thus have the ability to increase production, profitability, and their competitiveness in the farmers. Education and training and technological innovation in production can increase the profitability of the farmers. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 620-629 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1879510 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1879510 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:3:p:620-629 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1897262_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: François Pazisnewende Kabore Author-X-Name-First: François Pazisnewende Author-X-Name-Last: Kabore Title: Entrepreneurial hysteresis and persistence in higher education a quasi-experiment on academic innovation Abstract: How does entrepreneurial education impact the persistence and hysteresis of entrepreneurial intent? Survival analysis is used to answer this question based on a quasi-experimental design. Being a member of an incubator increases entrepreneurial hysteresis by 66%. Females who do not benefit from that experience are less likely to persevere as entrepreneurs while participating in an incubator increases their entrepreneurial persistence by 131%. A policy implication consists in rethinking higher education in general and in particular across gender lines. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 740-748 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1897262 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1897262 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:3:p:740-748 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1894728_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Silas K. Mulaudzi Author-X-Name-First: Silas K. Author-X-Name-Last: Mulaudzi Author-Name: Steve Bull Author-X-Name-First: Steve Author-X-Name-Last: Bull Author-Name: Rudzani A. Makhado Author-X-Name-First: Rudzani A. Author-X-Name-Last: Makhado Title: Potential of households’ solar PV consumption in South Africa Abstract: Energy demand and consumption across the world are increasing, putting much pressure on current supply. The solar PV system has become one of the most promising renewable energy technologies. The potential of solar PV differs from one province and household to another depends on many attributes and variables. A household energy survey was conducted through questionnaires and interviews from September 2014 to March 2015 in order to determine perceptions on household energy consumption and solar PV’s potential across household categories in South Africa. The data from the residential households were collected in nine provinces across South Africa using random sampling methods (stratified and systematic). The number of questionnaires (n = 13,007) were completed across South Africa nine provinces. This study found that 25% and 43% of the middle- and high-income residents respectively are interested in paying for electricity based on green sources. These two income groups consume 9.6 and 3 TWh/year, which means that there is a potential of 12.6 TWh/year that can be generated from solar PV technology in the residential sector. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 730-739 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1894728 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1894728 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:3:p:730-739 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1892254_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Anthoinette Avane Author-X-Name-First: Anthoinette Author-X-Name-Last: Avane Author-Name: Bismark Amfo Author-X-Name-First: Bismark Author-X-Name-Last: Amfo Author-Name: Robert Aidoo Author-X-Name-First: Robert Author-X-Name-Last: Aidoo Author-Name: James Osei Mensah Author-X-Name-First: James Osei Author-X-Name-Last: Mensah Title: Adoption of organic fertilizer for cocoa production in Ghana: Perceptions and determinants Abstract: This study assesses perceptions, determinants, and constraints of ‘Asaasenufosuo’ organic fertilizer adoption by cocoa farmers in Ghana. Primary data were sourced from 200 cocoa farmers. Perception index, Cragg’s double hurdle model, and Kendall’s coefficient of concordance were employed. In addition to a high level of awareness among farmers, there is a general positive perception about ‘Asaasenufosuo’ organic fertilizer for cocoa production. However, less than half of the cocoa farmers had adopted ‘Asaasenufosuo’ organic fertilizer. Education, experience, farm size, income, secondary occupation, distance to agro-input shop, and extension contact are the factors that determine the incidence of adoption of organic fertilizer for cocoa production. However, intensity of adoption was found to be influenced by farmer location, nativity, income, source of information, and group membership. The major constraints to using ‘Asaasenufosuo’ organic fertilizer were found to include slow release of nutrients into the soil, high transportation cost, emission of offensive odour, high cost of product, and limited availability. To improve the uptake of organic fertilizers in cocoa production, manufacturers should take steps to reduce the offensive odour of the product. Also, sellers of the product should make it readily available to farmers by expanding the distribution network into cocoa growing communities. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 718-729 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1892254 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1892254 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:3:p:718-729 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1889767_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Stanley Phiri Author-X-Name-First: Stanley Author-X-Name-Last: Phiri Author-Name: Thomas Nyanda Reuben Author-X-Name-First: Thomas Nyanda Author-X-Name-Last: Reuben Author-Name: Grivin Chipula Author-X-Name-First: Grivin Author-X-Name-Last: Chipula Author-Name: Kenneth Alfred Wiyo Author-X-Name-First: Kenneth Alfred Author-X-Name-Last: Wiyo Title: Evaluation of furrow irrigation performance: Case of Kasinthula Cane Growers Scheme in Malawi Abstract: Surface irrigation is associated with low irrigation efficiencies and exerts a lot of pressure on water resources. Despite this, the irrigation method remains dominant in Malawi and other sub-Saharan Africa countries. A need exists to improve surface irrigation efficiencies in the wake of water scarcity. Applications of surface irrigation simulation, evaluation and design (SIRMOD) software in improving surface irrigation performance have been reported worldwide. However, no documentation exists on SIRMOD application in Malawi. A study was therefore conducted to investigate how furrow irrigation system performance could be improved at Kasinthula Cane Growers Scheme in Malawi using SIRMOD software. Field data collected from the scheme were used to calibrate the model before simulating water advance and recession times. Statistical comparisons of the simulated advance and recession times with corresponding observed field data showed that the model closely simulated field conditions; hence, it was deemed suitable for the scheme. Results from SIRMOD optimization procedure indicated that application efficiencies could be improved by 32–63% through reductions in furrow lengths, water inflow sizes and inflow cutoff times. The study established the need for Malawi and other developing countries to develop policies on optimization of irrigation performance using computer models such as SIRMOD. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 669-677 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1889767 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1889767 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:3:p:669-677 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1889769_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Parfait Yongabo Author-X-Name-First: Parfait Author-X-Name-Last: Yongabo Title: Technology and innovation trajectories in the Rwandan Agriculture sector: Are value chains an option? Abstract: Technology and innovation are important in addressing complex problems in the agricultural sector in many developing communities. However, ways and mechanisms to integrate them in the agricultural sector are still a challenge due to the lack of clear pathways and trajectories. Value chains are seen as a strong policy instrument to increase profitability in the agricultural sector; there is also debate around whether value chains can be a potential option to organize technology and innovation trajectories in agriculture. This paper contributes to this debate by exploring the question of how value chain interactions are organized for producing, transferring and using knowledge in the Rwandan agricultural sector. Interviews with relevant value chain actors and a review of reports and scientific literature were used to explore this question. Empirical findings show that value chain structural organization can be an entry point to mainstream technology and innovation. However, this requires building synergies and complementarities among actors. Interactive learning among value chain actors is imperative, with the use of both scientific and indigenous knowledge. Linking value chains to innovation systems is one option to explore for maximizing the potential of value chains in integrating technology and innovation in the agricultural sector. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 697-707 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1889769 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1889769 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:3:p:697-707 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1899760_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mamman Rabiu Onoruoiza Author-X-Name-First: Mamman Rabiu Author-X-Name-Last: Onoruoiza Author-Name: Oyewole Adedipe Author-X-Name-First: Oyewole Author-X-Name-Last: Adedipe Author-Name: Sunday Albert Lawal Author-X-Name-First: Sunday Albert Author-X-Name-Last: Lawal Author-Name: Oluwafemi Ayodeji Olugboji Author-X-Name-First: Oluwafemi Ayodeji Author-X-Name-Last: Olugboji Author-Name: Victor Chiagozie Nwachukwu Author-X-Name-First: Victor Chiagozie Author-X-Name-Last: Nwachukwu Title: Analysis of offshore wind energy potential for power generation in three selected locations in Nigeria Abstract: The rise in the global carbon footprint arising from fossil fuel sources has necessitated the need to explore sustainable and eco-friendly sources of energy. Wind as a source of renewable energy has been underutilized in Nigeria and this study is focused on investigating the wind energy potential in three offshore regions of Nigeria. Three statistical models namely, Weibull, Rayleigh and Exponential distribution were used to analyze the daily time series wind data for the offshore regions in Lagos (VI), Rivers (Abonemma) and Warri (Koko). This was done for a 10-year period between the year 2002–2011. The annual mean wind speeds for Lagos (VI), Rivers (Abonemma) and Warri (Koko) were determined to be 6.25, 7.32 and 7.29 m/s, respectively. The annual mean wind power densities were determined to be 171.47, 240.43 and 237.60 W/m2, respectively. The values of the wind speed carrying the maximum energy were determined to be 7.43, 8.37 and 8.96 m/s, respectively. It was found that the wind classes of the three locations are suitable for power generation. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 774-789 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1899760 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1899760 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:3:p:774-789 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1905337_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Sukoluhle Mazwane Author-X-Name-First: Sukoluhle Author-X-Name-Last: Mazwane Author-Name: Moraka Nakedi Makhura Author-X-Name-First: Moraka Nakedi Author-X-Name-Last: Makhura Author-Name: Kenneth Nhundu Author-X-Name-First: Kenneth Author-X-Name-Last: Nhundu Author-Name: Petronella Chaminuka Author-X-Name-First: Petronella Author-X-Name-Last: Chaminuka Title: Economic Returns of public research and development funding in South Africa: Evidence from the Agricultural Research Council’s table grapes cultivar development programme Abstract: The study sought to estimate the genetic gains and associated monetary value contributed by the TGCD programme of the Agricultural Research Council (ARC). The Just-Pope production function and cost benefit analysis (benefit cost ratio – BCR, and modified internal rate of return – MIRR) were employed to analyze the administrative programme costs and industry yield data for the ARC’s cultivars. The results revealed an average annual yield gain of 0.21 t/ha for the period from 1965 to 2014, and a BCR of 4.85. An MIRR of 18% was also revealed. This means that for every rand invested in the programme, R4.85 is realized and the high MIRR further confirms the worthiness of these investments. Thus, these results are useful as evidence for the missing information on the effectiveness and efficiency of public funds expended in table grapes research and as motivation for increased funding, as well as for participation by other industry stakeholders. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 813-820 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1905337 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1905337 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:3:p:813-820 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1903735_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Uche Emmanuel Edike Author-X-Name-First: Uche Emmanuel Author-X-Name-Last: Edike Author-Name: Omotayo Aina Author-X-Name-First: Omotayo Author-X-Name-Last: Aina Author-Name: Adebowale Babalola Adeoye Author-X-Name-First: Adebowale Babalola Author-X-Name-Last: Adeoye Title: Adoption of eco-bricks for housing: the case of Yelwa, Nigeria Abstract: The benefits of eco-bricks have been highlighted in contemporary literature. Notwithstanding, the adoption of eco-bricks masonry for the construction of houses in rural communities of low-income countries is significantly low. This study investigated the features, benefits, drivers and barriers to eco-bricks masonry from the expert’s perception. Yelwa village, where the first bottle bricks masonry building was constructed in Africa, was selected for the study. Empirical survey, interview and questionnaire design approach were used to gather data for the research. The study found that eco-bricks are used in the construction of masonry walls and columns, septic tanks, and water reservoirs, and in the construction of multistorey buildings. Door and window openings are created with wooden or metallic frames, and wall plate clits are secured with mortar. Principal drivers of eco-bricks masonry include job creation, high durability, cleaner environment promotion and high cost of conventional building materials. Inadequate skilled workers, lack of government incentives and research funding were identified as significant barriers to the propagation of bottle brick technology. This study is of value in that it can assist in the reduction of plastic waste and the housing deficit, and is also expected to inform policy deliberations and directions towards the creation of innovation-friendly environments in the housing sector. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 801-812 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1903735 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1903735 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:3:p:801-812 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1890899_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Assefa Ayele Author-X-Name-First: Assefa Author-X-Name-Last: Ayele Author-Name: Kassa Tarekegn Author-X-Name-First: Kassa Author-X-Name-Last: Tarekegn Title: Comparative Analysis of technical efficiency of wheat production in row planting and broadcasting methods: Empirical evidence from southern Ethiopia Abstract: A Cobb–Douglas stochastic production frontier was used to analyze the technical efficiency of wheat producers under row planting and broadcasting methods in Hadiya zone, southern Ethiopia. The estimated results of the Cobb–Douglas frontier model show that the mean technical efficiency was 83.4% and 57.8% under row planting and broadcasting, respectively. Approximately 646.882 kg/ha under row planting and 1393.038 kg/ha under broadcasting of wheat output were lost due to inefficiency. This reveals that under the existing practices there is a room to increase wheat yield more under broadcasting (42.2%) than row planting (16.6%) following the best-practice farms in the study area. The SPF model indicates that NPS, urea, labour and seed are significant determinants of wheat production level in both methods. The estimated SPF model together with the inefficiency parameters show that education, age, fertility status of the plot, family size, land fragmentation and extension contact were the main factors that had a significant influence on technical inefficiency of wheat farmers. Hence, emphasis should be given to improving the efficiency level of those less efficient farmers by adopting the practices of relatively efficient farmers in the area. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 708-717 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1890899 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1890899 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:3:p:708-717 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1899557_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Gideon Danso-Abbeam Author-X-Name-First: Gideon Author-X-Name-Last: Danso-Abbeam Author-Name: Lloyd J.S. Baiyegunhi Author-X-Name-First: Lloyd J.S. Author-X-Name-Last: Baiyegunhi Author-Name: Mark D. Laing Author-X-Name-First: Mark D. Author-X-Name-Last: Laing Author-Name: Hussein Shimelis Author-X-Name-First: Hussein Author-X-Name-Last: Shimelis Title: Adoption of dual-purpose sweetpotato varieties under partial population exposure in Rwanda: Insights from an African plant breeding programme Abstract: As part of the Green Revolution, plant breeding programmes such as the African Centre for Crop Improvement have trained scientists to breed crop varieties in Africa to address the challenges of low productivity. However, exposure to and adoption of these varieties is somewhat modest, and there is also a scarcity of empirical studies on the drivers of exposure and adoption. Using data from Rwanda, the counterfactual treatment effect framework was used to estimate observed and potential adoption rates, as well as the drivers of exposure and adoption of dual-purpose sweetpotato varieties bred for both food and feed, under partial exposure to information. The results show that if the entire target farming population had been aware of the varieties, the adoption rate could have been up to 70% instead of the observed rate of 42%, indicating a 28% adoption gap due to partial diffusion. The findings indicate that once these varieties have been exposed, there is scope for further expansion of their cultivation. Key drivers of variety exposure and adoption include membership of farmer groups, participation in demonstration fields, and access to extension services. Thus, conscious efforts to minimize information constraints are a prerequisite for unlocking this adoption puzzle. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 749-758 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1899557 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1899557 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:3:p:749-758 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1876287_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ehizuelen Michael Mitchell Omoruyi Author-X-Name-First: Ehizuelen Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Mitchell Omoruyi Title: Skill development and employment opportunity from Chinese migrating ‘Geese’ in sub-Saharan Africa Abstract: Considering Chinese FDI in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the paper attempts to verify if the long-existing ‘flying geese’ paradigm (FGP) might be used to clarify the headway of Chinese migrating geese transmission of skills and job generation in SSA. Notably, since factory workers’ wages have increased in China, small but important migrating geese could, perhaps, be perceived as the vanguard of the flying geese – migrating to SSA to capitalize on those SSA nations with lower costs bases. As a result, the scientific task of this paper rests on answering three questions: Why do we have growing Chinese manufacturing activities in SSA? Are these new Chinese migrating geese bridging the unemployment gap and skills shortage? Also, since the Chinese migrating geese are moving to an environment where operations are cheaper, a third question is to specifically find out if the Chinese migrating geese are in Nigeria, and if they perceive local skills development and job creation to be a salient matter? Against this backdrop, the author argues that these Chinese migrating geese seem to contribute partly in transferring skills and job creation by standing-in as a worthwhile catalyst to upgrade the follower’s economy in the process of catching up a leader. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 585-609 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1876287 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1876287 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:3:p:585-609 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1906506_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Arumuganainar Suresh Author-X-Name-First: Arumuganainar Author-X-Name-Last: Suresh Author-Name: Solomon Abera Author-X-Name-First: Solomon Author-X-Name-Last: Abera Author-Name: Ayele Mandefro Author-X-Name-First: Ayele Author-X-Name-Last: Mandefro Author-Name: Rocktotpal Konwarh Author-X-Name-First: Rocktotpal Author-X-Name-Last: Konwarh Author-Name: Simatsidk Haregu Author-X-Name-First: Simatsidk Author-X-Name-Last: Haregu Author-Name: Amare T. Adugna Author-X-Name-First: Amare T. Author-X-Name-Last: Adugna Author-Name: Solomon Benor Author-X-Name-First: Solomon Author-X-Name-Last: Benor Title: Survey of attitude towards biotechnology among the members of an Ethiopian university fraternity Abstract: Ethiopia, albeit tagged as an underdeveloped nation, boasts astounding biodiversity, a vibrant culture, and the use of numerous traditional bio-techniques and processes. However, the adoption and application of modern biotechnology do not seem to have kept pace here vis-a-vis the rest of the world. In this regard, this survey was conducted among the members of the Addis Ababa Science and Technology University to gauge their attitude towards biotechnology. In this survey, assessment of the response of 2117 participants revealed 72% optimistic and 16% antagonistic attitude towards biotechnology in contrast to a 12% ‘no idea’ response. Religion and gender did not seem to dictate the response. However, domain-specific knowledge (85% supporters), education level (90%, 73%, 41% proponents at doctorate, undergraduate and < 12th-grade level respectively) and age (81% and 63.9% optimistic populace under 19 years and > 30 years respectively) exerted significant influence (p < 0.001). The supportive attitude of the academic staff (84%) surpassed that of their non-academic counterparts (55%). The study provided insight into the perception of a university fraternity towards biotechnology and attested to the indispensability of disseminating contextual information among the general public to facilitate the expansion of the domain as well as policy-making and implementation. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 821-831 Issue: 3 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1906506 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1906506 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:3:p:821-831 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_976394_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mammo Muchie Author-X-Name-First: Mammo Author-X-Name-Last: Muchie Author-Name: Angathvar Baskaran Author-X-Name-First: Angathvar Author-X-Name-Last: Baskaran Title: Notes from the editors Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 63-64 Issue: 2 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.976394 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.976394 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:2:p:63-64 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_919094_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Alexandre O. Vera-Cruz Author-X-Name-First: Alexandre O. Author-X-Name-Last: Vera-Cruz Title: What are the university–productive sector links that matter in a small island country? The case of Cabo Verde Abstract: There is extensive literature on university–firm links but it is mostly based on empirical evidence from advanced countries, emerging economies and developing countries that already have certain capabilities of the public research system and an important set of mature firms (of different sizes and even some exporters). This explains the use of a set of channels of interactions based on knowledge generation activities. In the case of African countries, the two agents that interact have specific characteristics, which affect the bases of their interactions. This paper explores the channels of interactions between university and the productive sector (not only firms) in the context of a small country such as Cabo Verde, and elaborates policy implications in terms of a sequential path of evolution of the channels from the existing interaction based on the formation of human resources to one that is more knowledge based. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 65-73 Issue: 2 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.919094 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.919094 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:2:p:65-73 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_924267_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Olawale O. Adejuwon Author-X-Name-First: Olawale O. Author-X-Name-Last: Adejuwon Author-Name: Kehinde A. Taiwo Author-X-Name-First: Kehinde A. Author-X-Name-Last: Taiwo Author-Name: Matthew O. Ilori Author-X-Name-First: Matthew O. Author-X-Name-Last: Ilori Title: Promoting technology adoption in the small-scale oil palm fruit processing sector in south-western Nigeria: an innovation systems approach Abstract: Technologies have been developed for various unit operations in small-scale oil palm fruit processing in Nigeria. However, a majority of small-scale processors in the country still adopt traditional techniques, with a few adopting processing technologies for a particular stage in the process. The study utilised an innovation systems approach to examine and prescribe policy recommendations for the lack of technology adoption in small scale oil palm fruit processing in south-western Nigeria. The analysis was focused on three types of interactions, namely (1) interactions among actors in the innovation system, (2) interactions between sources of science, technology and innovation (STI) and doing, utilising and interacting (DUI) forms of learning and innovation, and (3) between fabricators of the processing technologies and processors. The results revealed that the innovation system in the sector is divided along formal and informal sector lines. The formal sector institutions comprise the Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research and a few universities with agricultural engineering departments who possess the core of the technology and interact well with one another using the STI mode of learning and innovation and have produced technologies for all the five steps of processing oil palm fruits into palm oil. These innovations have not been successfully adopted in the sector. The informal sector includes the processors and artisans who fabricate small-scale oil palm fruit processing technologies for two stages in the process using the DUI mode of learning and innovation. These technologies produced by the informal part of the system are largely based on imitation and cost innovations and have been widely adopted in the sector. The study recommends that technology adoption can be encouraged through the production of technologies fostered by both STI and DUI modes of innovation and robust fabricator and processor interactions. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 75-92 Issue: 2 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.924267 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.924267 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:2:p:75-92 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_924264_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ibrahim A. Musenze Author-X-Name-First: Ibrahim A. Author-X-Name-Last: Musenze Author-Name: J.C. Munene Author-X-Name-First: J.C. Author-X-Name-Last: Munene Author-Name: Joseph M. Ntayi Author-X-Name-First: Joseph M. Author-X-Name-Last: Ntayi Author-Name: Waswa Balunywa Author-X-Name-First: Waswa Author-X-Name-Last: Balunywa Title: Communication and quality service delivery in Uganda's local government: the mediating influence of total quality management Abstract: The study aimed at understanding the role of total quality management (TQM) as a mediator between communication and quality service delivery (QSD) in Uganda's local government (LGs). Data were collected using a cross-sectional research design from 212 LGs whose heads of department and section heads formed the unit of inquiry. The paper utilises the Med Graph program, Sobel's z-test and the Kenny and Baron procedure to test the role of TQM as a mediator between communication and QSD. The findings revealed that TQM is a significant mediator between communication and QSD, and enhances the relationship by 24.3%. In addition, a partial type of mediation was established. Overall, the results show that communication predicts QSD directly and also indirectly via TQM. The study was cross-sectional with its inherent flaws. Future studies should consider mediation studies from a longitudinal perspective. In addition, the data were collected only from Uganda's LGs. Therefore, the findings may be limited to the sample studied and negate the possibility of generalisation. In terms of practical implications, LG managers should consider TQM as stimuli for communication to ensure QSD. The paper contributes to the service literature by extending the role of communication for QSD within the context of LGs whose empirical stance is still scanty. In addition, it contributes to literature on TQM by highlighting its mediatory role for QSD in LGs. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 93-103 Issue: 2 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.924264 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.924264 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:2:p:93-103 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_895482_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: EE Agbenyeku Author-X-Name-First: EE Author-X-Name-Last: Agbenyeku Author-Name: FN Okonta Author-X-Name-First: FN Author-X-Name-Last: Okonta Title: Green economy and innovation: compressive strength potential of blended cement cassava peels ash and laterised concrete Abstract: This work highlights the incorporation of two locally available materials, cassava peels ash (CPA) and laterite, in concrete production for construction purposes. The abundance of these materials in West Africa paved the way for this study. The effect of partial substitution of cement with an agricultural waste (CPA) on the compressive strength of laterised concrete (LATCON) was investigated. Physical and chemical tests on CPA and laterite revealed them to have satisfactory characteristics for concrete production. A total of 192 cubic specimens of 100 mm dimensions were cast and cured by complete submergence in water for 7, 14, 21 or 28-day hydration periods, adopting a 28-day targeted strength of 25 N mm−2 as the control. The ordinary portland cement/CPA and sand/laterite replacement ratios ranged from zero to 30% with a view to determining the best compositions matrix. The density and compressive strength performance decreased with increase in the CPA and laterite content. However, gradual strength development in the CPA-LATCON was observed as the hydration period increased. The 28-day density and compressive strength of standard concrete was 2 385 kg m−3 and 27.05 N mm−2, whereas those of the 10% CPA+10% laterite sample (i.e. the best replacement matrix) were 2 322 kg m−3 and 25.57 N mm−2, respectively. The strength of the CPA-LATCON (25.57 N mm−2) was higher than the targeted strength of 25 N mm−2 after hydration for 28 days, which makes it suitable as a building material. As such, it can be adopted in the construction of simple foundations and masonry units as a reliable alternative to the scarce and expensive conventional materials for prime cost reduction in rural housing and development without compromising standards. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 105-110 Issue: 2 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.895482 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.895482 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:2:p:105-110 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_931742_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Thaddeus Manu Author-X-Name-First: Thaddeus Author-X-Name-Last: Manu Title: Exploring a regional pharmaceutical innovation network as a possible solution to the market failure in the innovation of essential medicines for tropical diseases in sub-Saharan Africa Abstract: From an economic reasoning perspective, pharmaceutical research and development operates as a pure market activity. This viewpoint suggests innovations are receptive to questions of commerce. It is on this basis the pharmaceutical industry has undervalued the innovation of medicines for diseases that disproportionately affect the poor. Nevertheless, this fundamental thinking overlaps with a social norms standpoint, which dictates that pharmaceutical companies have a moral duty to classify the innovation of medicines for the poor as humanitarian goods as opposed to economic commodities. Notwithstanding the advancement of key social norms to that effect, the lack of innovative medicines for the treatment of tropical diseases is still not a realistic proposition. It is with this complexity in mind this article explores the feasibility of a regional pharmaceutical innovation network as a possible solution to the market failure in the innovation of essential medicines for the treatment of tropical diseases in sub-Saharan Africa. Consequently, it is argued that sub-Saharan African countries must intervene to collectively fund domestic pharmaceutical innovation through a regional network, given that the current global economic arrangement makes it challenging for the pharmaceutical industry to innovate medicines for the treatment of tropical diseases without the prospect of recouping costs of investments. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 111-125 Issue: 2 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.931742 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.931742 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:2:p:111-125 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_924263_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Oluwatoyin O Akinola Author-X-Name-First: Oluwatoyin O Author-X-Name-Last: Akinola Title: Lithostructural framework and rare metal (Ta-Nb-Sn-Li-Be) mineralisation in lepidolite from the Ijero-Aramoko pegmatite field, south-western Nigeria Abstract: A lithological framework and petrochemical features relating to Ta-Nb-Sn-Li-Be mineralisation in lepidolite from the Ijero-Aramoko pegmatite field, south-western Nigeria were investigated. Systematic geological mapping revealed that the pegmatite occurs as steeply inclined intrusive bodies in a basement of gneisses and schistose assemblages that are occasionally pulsed with isolated granitic bodies. The lepidolite occurs in the intermediate (coarse-grained microcline-albite-quartz) zone of the inclined complex pegmatite. The lepidolite has a layered structure, tabular pseudo-hexagonal crystals with scaly aggregates of perfectly cleavable masses and an equigranular texture. The major and trace element composition of 30 lepidolite samples was determined using inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry with a view to determining compositional features relating to Ta-Nb-Sn-Li-Be mineralisation. The average silica content of the lepidolite ranged from 49.43% to 57.81%. The three sampling localities and their mean SiO2 contents were Oke-Asa (c. 49.83%), Oke-Igbo Aba (c. 49.99%) and Ijero-Ekiti (c.58.40%). Average Al2O3 content was 27.83%, 23.02% and 28.34%, respectively. Similarly, K2O content was 10.06%, 9.41%, and 5.86%, respectively. The contents of MgO, CaO and TiO2 collectively contributed less than 0.5% to the minerals bulk composition. Trace element composition revealed enrichment in Li, Be, Cs and Rb, relative to Ta, Nb and Sn. Lepidolite from Oke Asa, Oke Igbo Aba and Ijero-Ekiti contained an average Li content of 1 859 ppm, 1 778 ppm and 1 656 ppm, respectively. Similarly, the average Ta content was 0.36 ppm, 0.6 ppm and 0.03 ppm, respectively, and Nb and Sn contents showed a similar trend. The Li content of lepidolite from Ijero-Aramoko pegmatite fields is marginally less than the 2% threshold value required for its use as an ore of Li. However, the low Li content of the mineral qualifies it for use in pharmaceuticals, glass, alloy, Li storage batteries and smelting of Al ore and other industrial applications requiring a low Li content. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 127-133 Issue: 2 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.924263 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.924263 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:2:p:127-133 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_924269_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: N Gwangwava Author-X-Name-First: N Author-X-Name-Last: Gwangwava Author-Name: K Mpofu Author-X-Name-First: K Author-X-Name-Last: Mpofu Author-Name: N Tlale Author-X-Name-First: N Author-X-Name-Last: Tlale Author-Name: Y Yu Author-X-Name-First: Y Author-X-Name-Last: Yu Title: Sheet metal productivity improvement through a new press brake design Abstract: A new press brake design proposed as a reconfigurable bending press machine (RBPM) is reported. The design is a means of increasing sheet metal bending productivity. Conventional press brakes are dedicated machines with fixed capacity, but the RBPM has characteristics of a reconfigurable machine tool, which enables the new press brake to be scalable, customisable and flexible. The RBPM design has two major objectives, namely geometric transformation and productivity adjustment. Geometric transformation is achieved through vertical and horizontal reconfigurability, while productivity adjustment is enabled by plug and produce devices. Geometric transformation allows sheet metal benders to adjust the press brake's height and length, thus improving the capability of the RBPM. This allows small-scale manufacturers of sheet metal products such as door frames to be able to adjust their machines to produce various sizes of products at low cost. A scaled-down prototype was made to specifications of 1.2 m total length and total capacity 30 kN (3 tons) for bending aluminium sheets of up to 0.51 mm thickness. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 135-144 Issue: 2 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.924269 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.924269 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:2:p:135-144 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_924270_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Archana Bhaw-Luximon Author-X-Name-First: Archana Author-X-Name-Last: Bhaw-Luximon Author-Name: Roubeena Jeetah Author-X-Name-First: Roubeena Author-X-Name-Last: Jeetah Author-Name: Nowsheen Goonoo Author-X-Name-First: Nowsheen Author-X-Name-Last: Goonoo Author-Name: Anisha Veeren Author-X-Name-First: Anisha Author-X-Name-Last: Veeren Author-Name: Yeshma Jugdawa Author-X-Name-First: Yeshma Author-X-Name-Last: Jugdawa Author-Name: Dhanjay Jhurry Author-X-Name-First: Dhanjay Author-X-Name-Last: Jhurry Title: A review of polymeric biomaterials research for tissue engineering and drug delivery applications at the Centre for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, Mauritius Abstract: The purpose of this review article is to showcase research in the area of polymeric nanobiomaterials and nanocarriers for drug delivery, especially on the economically fast-growing African continent where research in the field of advanced polymers and nanomedicine can play an important role in addressing crucial health issues. In biomaterials research, we have developed a new family of poly(ester-ether)s and shown that poly(methyl dioxanone) (PMeDX) can efficiently assist in fine-tuning mechanical and biological properties of scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Interestingly, degradation of scaffold films was proceeded by bulk erosion, whereas that of fibres took place by a surface erosion mechanism. In vitro cell culture studies conducted using human dermal fibroblasts showed that the electrospun polydioxanone/poly(methyl dioxanone) (PDX/PMeDX) nanofibrous scaffolds supported better cell attachment and proliferation compared to electrospun PDX. Our main focus has been on the engineering of various self-assembled nanomicelles based on a biodegradable poly(dioxanone-co-methyl dioxanone) core and hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) or poly(vinyl pyrolidone) or polylysine or oligoagarose shell. High drug encapsulation efficiency and prolonged drug release have been demonstrated. Adjustment of the dioxanone to methyl dioxanone ratio gives a range of copolymers whose physicochemical and biological properties can be tuned to meet specific drug delivery requirements. The efficacy of these copolymers to encapsulate and release anti-inflammatory, anti-tuberculosis drugs and anti-cancer drugs has been tested and are quite promising. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 145-157 Issue: 2 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.924270 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.924270 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:2:p:145-157 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_954355_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ogundiran Soumonni Author-X-Name-First: Ogundiran Author-X-Name-Last: Soumonni Title: Schumpeterian Analysis of Economic Catch-up: Knowledge, Path-creation, and the Middle-income Trap Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 159-161 Issue: 2 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.954355 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.954355 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:2:p:159-161 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1118867_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Hocine Heriche Author-X-Name-First: Hocine Author-X-Name-Last: Heriche Author-Name: Zahir Rouabah Author-X-Name-First: Zahir Author-X-Name-Last: Rouabah Author-Name: Sabrina Benabbas Author-X-Name-First: Sabrina Author-X-Name-Last: Benabbas Title: Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells, numerical simulation and analysis Abstract: In this work, we have used a one-dimensional simulation program called the solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS) to design solar cells with the structure SnOx/CdS/CIGS (SnOx window, CdS buffer and CIGS absorber material) and study their performance. To improve efficiency we have used a grading layer of CIGS but with different band-gaps. Cu(In,Ga) Se2 has grading band-gaps varying in range from 1.04 to 1.68 eV, with the corresponding Ga content x = 0 to 1. The grading layer used improves the open-circuit voltage (VOC) and also the short-circuit current density (JSC). Photovoltaic parameters were determined using the current density-voltage (J-V) curve. In addition, we have studied the effects of operating temperature on grading layer CIGS solar cells. Our numerical simulation gives some important indications to lead to higher efficiency of CIGS solar cells. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 327-330 Issue: 4 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1118867 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1118867 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:4:p:327-330 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1118869_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Zahra Meziani Author-X-Name-First: Zahra Author-X-Name-Last: Meziani Author-Name: Zohir Dibi Author-X-Name-First: Zohir Author-X-Name-Last: Dibi Title: Modelling photovoltaic modules by a numerical method and artificial neural networks Abstract: This paper proposes modelling approaches for photovoltaic (PV) modules with a fast and simple numerical method of modelling, the Newton–Raphson method, as the first step. This method has several electric circuit models. We selected and tested the two most convincing models, the 1-D model and the 2-D model, and deduced that the 2-D model faithfully reproduces the curve I(V) of the PV module. This numerical model is used in the calculation of equation parameter extracts from the curve I(V) given in the standard test conditions (STC), but sometimes we don’t have all these parameters. Therefore, to achieve an appropriate characterisation of the behaviour of PV modules, we tested and validated, as a second step, the second method of modelling based on artificial intelligence and specifically artificial neural networks to deduce the I(V)STC curve through the ANN model, and in order to have a complete modelling for electrical PV modules. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 331-339 Issue: 4 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1118869 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1118869 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:4:p:331-339 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1118929_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Sabrina Benabbas Author-X-Name-First: Sabrina Author-X-Name-Last: Benabbas Author-Name: Zahir Rouabah Author-X-Name-First: Zahir Author-X-Name-Last: Rouabah Author-Name: Hocine Heriche Author-X-Name-First: Hocine Author-X-Name-Last: Heriche Author-Name: Nacer-Eddine Chelali Author-X-Name-First: Nacer-Eddine Author-X-Name-Last: Chelali Title: A numerical study of high efficiency ultra-thin CdS/CIGS solar cells Abstract: This work aims to improve the performance of solar cells with structure SnO2/CdS/CIGS/Mo by using the solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D). Our idea is to insert the SnS layer between the absorber layer CIGS and the Mo (molybdenum) back contact. A maximum conversion efficiency of 24.45% (VOC = 0.78 V, JSC = 38.66 mA/cm2, FF = 0.80) was achieved with 1 μm-CIGS absorber layer, 50 nm-CdS buffer layer, 200 nm of ZnO window layer and 300 nm of SnS BSF layer. This study shows that ultra-thin CIGS solar cells with a BSF layer give better results compared to the work of Gloeckler (2005), which presented an efficiency of 19.62% (VOC = 0.61 V, JSC = 39.23 mA/cm2, FF = 0.81) with 3 µm thickness of CIGS in the structure ZnO/CdS/CIGS/Mo. In addition to this, the cells’ stability with temperature was studied and analysed. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 340-342 Issue: 4 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1118929 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1118929 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:4:p:340-342 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1128037_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Frank L. Bartels Author-X-Name-First: Frank L. Author-X-Name-Last: Bartels Author-Name: Ritin Koria Author-X-Name-First: Ritin Author-X-Name-Last: Koria Author-Name: Liliana Andriano Author-X-Name-First: Liliana Author-X-Name-Last: Andriano Title: Effectiveness and efficiency of national systems of innovation: A comparative analysis of Ghana and Kenya Abstract: This paper presents a comparative analysis of the determinants of the effectiveness and efficiency of the Ghana National System of Innovation (GNSI) and the Kenya National System of Innovation (KNSI) for crafting evidence-based policy. Two regression analyses are performed respectively on the level of innovativeness of business enterprises (BEs) (effectiveness) and of the strength of linkages between research institutes (RIs) and the production system (efficiency) using an array of independent variables culled from the national systems of innovation (NSI) literature. We find first that the effectiveness of the GNSI and KNSI are positively associated with actor linkages in both, and diffusion and capacity of ICT with respect to Ghana; the efficiency of the GNSI and KNSI are positively related to diffusion and rate of access to ICT and negatively to lack of finance with respect to Ghana, while negatively associated with actor linkages – i.e. government and arbitraguer linkages – with respect to Kenya. In both countries the strength of RIs linkages with the production system is a significant determinant of NSI effectiveness; and the level of innovativeness of BEs is a significant determinant of NSI efficiency. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 343-356 Issue: 4 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1128037 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1128037 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:4:p:343-356 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1156839_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Alex Bara Author-X-Name-First: Alex Author-X-Name-Last: Bara Title: Diffusion and adoption of bank financial innovation in Zimbabwe: An external factor analysis Abstract: Diffusion and adoption of an innovation are as equally critical as the creation of the innovation for without them, the innovation becomes redundant. The level of technology in developing countries reflects the pace at which technology diffuses within countries. Transfer, adoption and adaption of knowledge to low income countries, therefore, constitute an important issue for economic growth and global development. Developing countries, being net adopters of innovations, face a number of “external” factors which act as barriers or enhancers of diffusion of innovation. This notwithstanding, studies on innovation adoption/diffusion carried out in Zimbabwe are mostly concentrated on the demand side, focusing on end-user behaviour, ignoring “external” and supply side factors. This paper extends beyond the end-user adoption analysis to look at effects of cross-country flow of innovation (cross country diffusion), internal regulation, macroeconomic factors and supply side factors on diffusion of financial innovations in Zimbabwe. Case studies and examples reviewed in this study clearly demonstrate that for Zimbabwe, determinants of diffusion of financial innovation are indeed beyond end-user attributes. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 357-368 Issue: 4 Volume: 8 Year: 2016 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1156839 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1156839 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:8:y:2016:i:4:p:357-368 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1023995_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mammo Muchie Author-X-Name-First: Mammo Author-X-Name-Last: Muchie Author-Name: Angathavar Baskaran Author-X-Name-First: Angathavar Author-X-Name-Last: Baskaran Title: Notes from the Editors Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: i-ii Issue: 1 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1023995 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1023995 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:1:p:i-ii Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_969906_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Junji Koide Author-X-Name-First: Junji Author-X-Name-Last: Koide Author-Name: Misa Masuda Author-X-Name-First: Misa Author-X-Name-Last: Masuda Title: Small-scale rice irrigation technology in southern Ghana: the challenges for sustainable uptake Abstract: Promotion of small-scale irrigation in rain-fed rice lowlands is reckoned a key strategy for filling the escalating gap between rice supply and demand in sub-Saharan Africa. Though studies acknowledged the farmer-centred nature of small-scale rice irrigation technology, along with its effects on yield improvement and soil and water conservation, empirical diagnosis for the sustainable uptake remains lagging. This paper illustrates the sustainability and its mechanism from a case study of inland valley irrigation schemes in southern Ghana. Based on a time-series statistics of the scheme participation, we found the sustainability continued low in the study sites. The factor analyses indicated that securing land tenure, mechanisation, and collective action, which were considered beneficial to rice irrigation farming, contributed little to its sustainment, whereas field management individualised by plot allocation facilitated it. The results, at odds with the prevailing assumptions, are attributed to the gap with farmers’ scopes and behavioural characteristics observed during field survey. Further analyses revealed that they tend to have continued rice irrigation farming with selective crop and water management. Development efforts are thus required to devising its approach built more on local adaptive strategies from which a lead may be derived for sustainable application of small-scale rice irrigation technology. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1-7 Issue: 1 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.969906 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.969906 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:1:p:1-7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_971558_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Muthoni Masinde Author-X-Name-First: Muthoni Author-X-Name-Last: Masinde Title: An innovative drought early warning system for sub-Saharan Africa: integrating modern and indigenous approaches Abstract: Droughts remain the number one disaster in Africa; drought is responsible for over 88% of all the types of disasters that people are affected by. An effective drought early warning system can support appropriate mitigation and preparedness strategies and hence minimise these effects. Existing systems tend to ignore the ‘at risk’ community and are faced with a number of implementation challenges; their utilisation is very low. This paper describes an innovative drought early warning system that integrates indigenous and scientific drought forecasting approaches. The system is anchored on a novel integration framework called ITIKI (acronym for Information Technology and Indigenous Knowledge with Intelligence). Indigenous knowledge ensures that the system is relevant, acceptable and resilient. ITIKI further employs three ICTs (mobile phones, wireless sensor networks and artificial intelligence) to enhance the system's effectiveness, affordability, sustainability and intelligence. This paper describes the ITIKI's architecture as well as the design, development and evaluation of the drought early warning system. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 8-25 Issue: 1 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.971558 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.971558 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:1:p:8-25 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_979651_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Roland Asare Author-X-Name-First: Roland Author-X-Name-Last: Asare Author-Name: Mavis Akuffobea Author-X-Name-First: Mavis Author-X-Name-Last: Akuffobea Author-Name: Wilhelmina Quaye Author-X-Name-First: Wilhelmina Author-X-Name-Last: Quaye Author-Name: Kwasi Atta-Antwi Author-X-Name-First: Kwasi Author-X-Name-Last: Atta-Antwi Title: Characteristics of micro, small and medium enterprises in Ghana: gender and implications for economic growth Abstract: This paper sought to investigate the characteristics of MSMEs and to suggest ways of improving performance, particularly tackling constraints faced by women and youth entrepreneurs in Ghana. A total of 4 433 MSME operators were interviewed in all the ten regions of Ghana using a structured questionnaire. The study revealed that apprenticeship was the most common form of training received by the MSME operators interviewed. Disaggregating data by gender, it was observed that more men had received training in their business operations than women. Close to 90% of the MSMEs were under sole proprietorship. There was significant correlation between gender and scale of enterprises, with increasing numbers of men as scale of operations increased. Women, who dominated the agro-processing, agro-industrial and services sectors, were constrained by ineffective marketing strategies, lack of capital, inadequate equipment and machinery, lack of improved technology, inadequate training and low skill development. Marketing strategies employed by the majority of women were limited, mostly patronising markets within their respective districts of business operations. The study recommended support for women to access sizeable business credit with flexible payment plans, tailor-made skill development training and improved access to institutional markets with quality and well-packaged products. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 26-35 Issue: 1 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.979651 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.979651 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:1:p:26-35 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_979652_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Cuitláhuac Valdez Lafarga Author-X-Name-First: Cuitláhuac Author-X-Name-Last: Valdez Lafarga Author-Name: Jorge Inés León Balderrama Author-X-Name-First: Jorge Inés León Author-X-Name-Last: Balderrama Title: Efficiency of Mexico's regional innovation systems: an evaluation applying data envelopment analysis (DEA) Abstract: The aim of this study is to measure the relative technical efficiency of Mexico´s regional innovation systems, as defined by its 32 states. Furthermore, there is an interest to establish the relationship between the amount of resources for each regional innovation system (RIS) and its performance in terms of technical efficiency. To this effect, the following hypothesis has been established: Mexican RIS may show similar technical efficiency levels regardless of their relative size, or in other words, the amount of resources and capacities available for each case. By using data envelopment analysis and selected indicators of input and output of the systems, three efficiency scores are calculated for the country's 32 states: overall efficiency, efficiency of patents generation and efficiency of scientific papers production. Additionally, a cluster analysis was performed with the efficiency results based on the index focused on output efficiency obtained in the previous step, and identified five distinct groups. Finally, the results led to the conclusion of the non-existence of a positive relation between the amount of resources of an innovation system and its productivity efficiency. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 36-44 Issue: 1 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.979652 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.979652 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:1:p:36-44 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_979654_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: David O. Omole Author-X-Name-First: David O. Author-X-Name-Last: Omole Author-Name: Julius M. Ndambuki Author-X-Name-First: Julius M. Author-X-Name-Last: Ndambuki Author-Name: Kehinde Balogun Author-X-Name-First: Kehinde Author-X-Name-Last: Balogun Title: Consumption of sachet water in Nigeria: quality, public health and economic perspectives Abstract: Demand for drinking water is met by different methods in different parts of the world. Water packaging into polyethylene sachets (as a form of water vending) has assumed an innovative status which has spread from its origin in Nigeria to other West African countries. This research examined the factors that birthed this product and the problems associated with sachet-packaged water (SPW) by reviewing relevant literature. In addition, 11 SPW samples were randomly procured from Oshodi/Isolo-Ota Expressway in Lagos and Ogun States of Nigeria, and analysed for contaminants. The analysed parameters include turbidity, total dissolved solids, nitrate and sulphate, which were found to be within the safe limits of the Standards Organisation of Nigeria's (SON) 5 NTU, 500 mg/l, 50 mg/l and 100 mg/l respectively in all the 22 SPW samples. Other tested parameters such as pH, hardness, cadmium and iron, however, were found to exceed the SON limits of 6.5–8.5, 150 mg/L, 0.003 mg/L and 0.3 mg/L respectively in some of the samples. It was concluded that in spite of the challenges associated with SPW, the product has export potential and could be a water supply solution in water-stressed situations such as refugee camps around the world. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 45-51 Issue: 1 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.979654 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.979654 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:1:p:45-51 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_987987_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: John Tharakan Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Tharakan Title: Indigenous knowledge systems – a rich appropriate technology resource Abstract: Indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) comprise knowledge systems that have developed within various societies’ independent of, and prior to, the advent of the modern scientific knowledge system. IKS from various cultures evolved into broad and comprehensive knowledge systems, such as those from ancient India, China and Africa, that addressed societal and traditional knowledge issues in various fields important to human survival and the quality of life, including agriculture, health and water, amongst others. In this paper, the IKS of India and China, with particular focus on agriculture and health, are examined for methodologies and received understanding, within the context of identifying and evaluating appropriate technologies for development. Although much work on the cataloguing and documenting of IKS has been completed in these two countries, there is a paucity of attention that has been paid to the scientific rationale and technological content and methodologies of these indigenous knowledge systems. In our work, we examine more closely the scientific and engineering rationale of selected indigenous technologies for agriculture and health that demonstrate a holistic approach to development for their societies. The evaluation reveals that many technologies classified as ‘appropriate’ for developing communities to address basic needs of water, sanitation and agriculture have their roots in indigenous knowledge systems that have survived in some form, albeit at a much diminished level. We demonstrate that these studies potentially provide valuable resources for appropriate technology development. The extensive history of IKS and practices in India and China provide a rich resource and a history of engagement, success and failure that could beneficially inform communities in their search for improved quality of life. The paper concludes with a preliminary evaluation of certain African knowledge systems in agriculture, water and health, and suggests an approach to conservation of these IKS to better inform development for social justice, especially on the African continent. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 52-57 Issue: 1 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.987987 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.987987 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:1:p:52-57 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1019222_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Zeleke Worku Author-X-Name-First: Zeleke Author-X-Name-Last: Worku Title: The South African labour market and the incubation of small businesses in South Africa Abstract: Since April 1994, the South African Government and the trade unions have been working together as a means of realising sustained economic growth and development, job creation and the alleviation of poverty among the unemployed youth. The uneasy relationship between the South African Government and the trade unions has been characterised by tensions and differences in strategy. The implementation of the South African National Development Plan depends on the presence of a smooth working relationship among all relevant stakeholders. The global nature of the South African economy has prompted economists in South Africa to call for the relaxation of labour laws as a means of attracting foreign direct investment. The objective of the study was to assess the existing conditions of labour in South Africa as well as the impact of labour-related conditions and legislation in South Africa on the South African economy.The rate at which the economy has grown since April 1994 has been significantly smaller than the rate at which jobs had to be created in order to absorb the unemployed into the economy. This paper investigates factors that affect the duration of employment and job mobility in the South African labour market by using the South African Labour Force Survey data set of 2007. The study shows that union membership and ownership of pension funds are negatively associated with job mobility. The study has found that workers (cetaris paribus) who belong to pension funds are, on average, twice as likely to stay in their jobs. The results for union members are similar. The study shows that job mobility is significantly influenced by age, race, level of skills training, level of household income and province of residence. The results show that the Province of Mpumalanga was most significantly affected by job mobility. The provinces that were least affected by job mobility were the Western Cape, Gauteng and Limpopo in decreasing order. The study provides an exploratory analysis of the labour market in South Africa, and proposes lessons for remedial actions to policy makers and planners. Feasible recommendations are made to South African policymakers and planners based on the findings of the study. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 58-70 Issue: 1 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1019222 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1019222 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:1:p:58-70 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1006909_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Imtiyaz Ahmad Bhat Author-X-Name-First: Imtiyaz Ahmad Author-X-Name-Last: Bhat Title: Jugaad Innovation: A Frugal and Flexible Approach to Innovation for the 21st Century Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 71-72 Issue: 1 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1006909 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1006909 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:1:p:71-72 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1461968_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Oluwayemisi Adebola Oyekunle Author-X-Name-First: Oluwayemisi Adebola Author-X-Name-Last: Oyekunle Author-Name: Mziwoxolo Sirayi Author-X-Name-First: Mziwoxolo Author-X-Name-Last: Sirayi Title: The role of design in sustainable development of handicraft industries Abstract: In the South African handicraft sector, there is scarcely any significant research on the development of designs and product innovation. Extensive work has not been carried out by the producers to re-orient designs, colours and pattern of the product produced to suit the international standards. This study investigated the role of innovative design towards the sustainable development of handicraft industries through a case study of the Western Cape province of South Africa. The research focuses on the possibility of craft design for sustainable development of the handicraft products to aid in the economic development of the local community. The paper present results from a structured interview with producers, enablers, and buyers of handicraft products in the Western Cape province. The conclusion of the paper presents key findings from the structured interviews. These consist of the interventions for craft design for sustainable development and the handicraft product that has the highest potential for future development. Recommendations are provided for design approaches to the handicraft sector’s sustainable development, i.e. reproduction, modification and innovation. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 381-388 Issue: 4 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1461968 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1461968 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:4:p:381-388 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1463644_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Leila Namdarian Author-X-Name-First: Leila Author-X-Name-Last: Namdarian Author-Name: Ali Naimi-Sadigh Author-X-Name-First: Ali Author-X-Name-Last: Naimi-Sadigh Title: Towards an understanding of the commercialization drivers of research findings in Iran Abstract: Taking a look at the performance of Iranian universities and research centres, one might notice that despite their Research and Development (R&D) capacities, most have fallen short in research commercialization, leaving them dependent on government funding. Hence, certain mechanisms should be designed for facilitating successful research commercialization in Iran, beginning with the identification of its drivers. Existing commercialization models for developed countries are not necessarily applicable to a developing country such as Iran, which imports technologies and has little in the way of private sector investment in R&D. As a result, the current study seeks to extract research commercialization drivers from the perspective of Iranian researchers and develop a model based on institutional and local contexts specific to Iran. The study used an interpretive-qualitative approach based on three stages: documentary research, interviews and grounded theory. First, an extensive review of the existing literature was conducted to identify the research commercialization drivers noted in previous studies. From there, a theoretical saturation index was used and a total of 30 researchers who were familiar with the concepts of commercialization were selected and interviewed through a purposive sampling procedure. The list of drivers compiled from the extant literature was then supplemented with their comments. In the third stage, grounded theory was used to analyze the drivers and develop the conceptual model. The results of the study revealed that the most important drivers of research commercialization in Iran are designing managerial mechanisms; creating strategic alliances; modifying the educational system; improving the research structure; modifying contextual factors; creating supportive infrastructure; and strengthening researchers’ positive characteristics. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 389-399 Issue: 4 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1463644 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1463644 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:4:p:389-399 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1466440_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: G. V. Mabe-Madisa Author-X-Name-First: G. V. Author-X-Name-Last: Mabe-Madisa Title: A Decision Tree and Naïve Bayes algorithm for income tax prediction Abstract: One of the concerns regarding the tax collection system is incorrect case selection. Manual selection of audit cases by auditors (whose role is to detect individual cases of tax non-compliance) based on their expert knowledge of the taxpayers’ behaviour, cannot uncover all patterns of non-compliant behaviour hidden in historical data. In addition, random selection of audit cases is not focused on the highest risks. In other words, manual selection has a high opportunity cost if it is used as the sole selection method. Computational intelligence provides methods, techniques and tools, which have been taught to automatically make accurate income tax predictions based on past observations. The data were retrieved from the real time environmental situation. Application of computational intelligence methods proved to be efficient in learning a classification algorithm to classify compliant and non-compliant taxpayers. The new algorithm was evaluated and validated in empirical tests on the same dataset. Although this algorithm had the same performance measurement as Bagging, it outperformed the other existing multiple classifiers in terms of performance. This illustrates an automated system that replicates the investigative operation of human tax risk auditors. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 401-409 Issue: 4 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1466440 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1466440 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:4:p:401-409 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1467859_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: R.I. Abdulganiy Author-X-Name-First: R.I. Author-X-Name-Last: Abdulganiy Author-Name: O.A. Akinfenwa Author-X-Name-First: O.A. Author-X-Name-Last: Akinfenwa Author-Name: S.A. Okunuga Author-X-Name-First: S.A. Author-X-Name-Last: Okunuga Title: Construction of L stable second derivative trigonometrically fitted block backward differentiation formula for the solution of oscillatory initial value problems Abstract: A second derivative trigonometrically fitted block backward differentiation formula (SDTFBBDF) based on the collocation technique is proposed in this paper. The method is specifically considered for the numerical solution of oscillatory problems. The SDTFBBDF which has one main method and one complementary method as by-products of the continuous second derivative backward differentiation formula (CSDBDF) whose coefficients depend on the frequency and step size. The stability and the convergence of SDTFBBDF are established and the performance of the proposed method is verified on some numerical examples to show its accuracy and efficiency. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 411-419 Issue: 4 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1467859 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1467859 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:4:p:411-419 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1471027_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Clifton Makate Author-X-Name-First: Clifton Author-X-Name-Last: Makate Author-Name: Marshall Makate Author-X-Name-First: Marshall Author-X-Name-Last: Makate Author-Name: Nelson Mango Author-X-Name-First: Nelson Author-X-Name-Last: Mango Title: Farm household typology and adoption of climate-smart agriculture practices in smallholder farming systems of southern Africa Abstract: Enhancing adoption rates of climate-smart agriculture practices and their impact on livelihoods requires promotional persistence, complemented by a thorough socioeconomic analysis that recognizes the heterogeneity of smallholder farmers. Farm typologies are a useful tool to assist in understanding and unpacking the wide diversity amongst smallholder farmers to improve both up- and out-scaling of climate-smart agriculture practices. Our study typifies farm households in southern Africa based on socioeconomic factors prompting adoption of climate-smart agriculture practices. We use a combination of principal component analysis for necessary data reduction and cluster analysis to identify typical farm households and their socioeconomic characteristics. It is evident from our results that various socioeconomic factors define clusters and can be associated with adoption and use of climate-smart agriculture practices in smallholder farming. We conclude that farm typology identification is an important step towards the promotion of climate-smart agriculture practices in smallholder agriculture. These typologies provide essential ammunition to support efforts and policies aimed at improving adoption by recognizing heterogeneities in the targeted populations. In addition, we conclude that the multivariate analysis provides useful tools suitable for identifying the important socioeconomic characteristics of households influential in determining adoption of climate-smart agriculture practices. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 421-439 Issue: 4 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1471027 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1471027 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:4:p:421-439 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1471028_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Yetunde A. Aluko Author-X-Name-First: Yetunde A. Author-X-Name-Last: Aluko Author-Name: Oluwakemi B. Okuwa Author-X-Name-First: Oluwakemi B. Author-X-Name-Last: Okuwa Title: Innovative solutions and women empowerment: Implications for sustainable development goals in Nigeria Abstract: This paper presents an analysis of patterns of university interaction for innovation that engenders inclusive development in Nigeria. Specifically, it explains innovative solutions for women empowerment that occurred through interaction between the University of Ibadan and the Ile-Ogbo community and its implication for sustainable development goals. It is a case of innovation and skills upgrading aimed at improving the livelihood conditions of women in a semi-urban marginalized community. The results demonstrate that interactions of the sampled respondents generated three types of innovation: process, products and marketing innovations, which promote livelihood of the marginalized women. It also identified a well-defined pathway that connects innovation to empowerment and how marginalized women can improve and control their earnings. The study concludes that interactions at the community level, that addressed livelihood problems of a typical marginalized community in an informal set up, can help in achieving sustainable development goals, especially that of women empowerment in Nigeria. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 441-449 Issue: 4 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1471028 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1471028 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:4:p:441-449 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1473063_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Benjamin Chapeyama Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin Author-X-Name-Last: Chapeyama Author-Name: Edilegnaw Wale Author-X-Name-First: Edilegnaw Author-X-Name-Last: Wale Author-Name: Alfred Odindo Author-X-Name-First: Alfred Author-X-Name-Last: Odindo Title: The cost-effectiveness of using latrine dehydrated and pasteurization pellets and struvite: Experimental evidence from South Africa Abstract: Faecal sludge and urine can be recycled and processed into usable fertilizer products such as the latrine dehydrated and pasteurization (‘LaDePa’) pellets and struvite, respectively. To quantitatively determine the financial cost effectiveness of using LaDePa and struvite, a study was conducted using experimental data for maize, wheat and sugarcane production in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The costs per hectare of using these potentially new human waste-based fertilizer products to meet crop nutrient requirements for the selected crops and achieve the optimum target yields were determined and compared with the costs per hectare of using recommended commercial fertilizers. The financial feasibility was determined using partial budgets. The results showed that both LaDePa and struvite are financially viable if used in place of the organic fertilizer studied. LaDePa is even more cost effective if it is used as a soil amendment to improve soil physical properties. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 451-461 Issue: 4 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1473063 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1473063 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:4:p:451-461 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1473826_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Chiedza Z. Tsvakirai Author-X-Name-First: Chiedza Z. Author-X-Name-Last: Tsvakirai Author-Name: Frikkie Liebenberg Author-X-Name-First: Frikkie Author-X-Name-Last: Liebenberg Author-Name: Johann F. Kirsten Author-X-Name-First: Johann F. Author-X-Name-Last: Kirsten Title: Does research and development (R&D) investment lead to economic growth? Evidence from the South African peach and nectarine industry Abstract: Agricultural research programmes in Africa have experienced waning state financial allocations. Efforts to change these funding trends have been fettered by the limited evidence of research investment benefits and the long lags associated with these returns. In a bid to provide such information, this article seeks to calculate the benefits of investments in the Agricultural Research Council’s peach and nectarine research programme – one of Africa’s successful and oldest research programmes. It uses the supply response function to model South Africa’s peach and nectarine industry and estimates the effect of deciduous fruit prices, production costs, research investment and weather on production. A lag distribution of research and development (R&D) investment is estimated using the polynomial distribution function and the derived elasticities are used to calculate the marginal internal rate of return. The study’s results reveal that investment in the peach and nectarine programme is associated with a marginal internal rate of return of 55.9%. This means that every R100 invested yields a R55.9 increase in value in the peach and nectarine industry. In light of these findings, it is concluded that R&D investment is worthwhile and recommends that the funding allocated to this programme be increased. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 463-472 Issue: 4 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1473826 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1473826 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:4:p:463-472 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1475541_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: B. F. Ajao Author-X-Name-First: B. F. Author-X-Name-Last: Ajao Author-Name: T. O. Oyebisi Author-X-Name-First: T. O. Author-X-Name-Last: Oyebisi Author-Name: H. O. Aderemi Author-X-Name-First: H. O. Author-X-Name-Last: Aderemi Title: Factors influencing the implementation of e-commerce innovations: The case of the Nigerian informal sector Abstract: This paper investigated the factors influencing e-commerce adoption amongst small enterprises in Southwestern Nigeria with a view to contributing to debates on technological adoption in the informal sector.Primary data were collected from 387 enterprises engaged in furniture works, leather products, clothing and textiles through the use of questionnaire that were administered using multistage and simple random sampling technique. Data were analysed using logistic regression.The result showed that the significant technological factors influencing e-commerce adoption were the number of employees with ICT background (r = 0.654; p < 0.05), accessibility to good quality Internet bandwidth (r = 0.826; p < 0.05) and the availability of Internet security technologies (r = 0.809; p < 0.05) amongst others. The significant non-technological factors were basically e-readiness of customer and supplier for e-commerce (r = 0.612; p < 0.05), government policies (r = 0.684; p < 0.05) and the attitude of the owner of the enterprise towards e-commerce adoption (r = 0.598; p < 0.05). In addition, the non- technological factors had different influences on adoption when the enterprises were analysed by sector.The study concluded that factors influencing e-commerce adoption differs across the different categories of business in the informal sector; hence, there is the need for individual reassessment when designing policy towards technological adoption amongst small enterprises. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 473-481 Issue: 4 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1475541 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1475541 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:4:p:473-481 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1475542_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Albert Edgar Manyuchi Author-X-Name-First: Albert Edgar Author-X-Name-Last: Manyuchi Title: Conceptualizing and institutions facilitating ‘use’ of innovation indicators in South Africa’s science, technology and innovation policymaking Abstract: This paper attempts to simplify and conceptualize the meaning of ‘use’ of innovation indicators in science, technology and innovation (STI) policymaking. The paper provides a conceptual framework that guides analysis of innovation indicators ‘use’ in STI policymaking. It maps the institutions involved in the indicators chain. In this study, a case study approach study approach is employed zeroing on South Africa. This study is a qualitative research that encompass multi-methods of data collection such as secondary literature review and interviews with mapping and tracing. The conceptual framework adopted frames innovation indicator use in terms of reception, internal application, external application and decision support. The results show that innovation indicators are variously used for STI policymaking by different institutions in South Africa. The salient factors determining use include the indicators processes; relevance; simplicity; timeliness and comparability. Conceptualizing ‘use’ clarifies meaning and facilitates wide understanding of the subject, an imperative for innovation indictor developers and users. Elaborating institutions involved gives insights on the innovation indicator chain and structures for STI. Future studies should explore the ‘influence’ of innovation indicators in policymaking. Institutions involved in the innovation indicator chain should be aware of and are encouraged to facilitate use of indicators in STI policymaking. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 483-492 Issue: 4 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1475542 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1475542 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:4:p:483-492 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1475595_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Masilonyane Mokhele Author-X-Name-First: Masilonyane Author-X-Name-Last: Mokhele Author-Name: Hermanus S. Geyer Author-X-Name-First: Hermanus S. Author-X-Name-Last: Geyer Title: A theoretical framework for airport-centric developments: The cases of OR Tambo and Cape Town international airports in South Africa Abstract: With a wealth of valuable literature, airports are a topical subject matter on the nexus between transportation technology advancements and land use. While acknowledging the insights of literature, it is argued that improvements are required on the theoretical framework for analyzing spatial economic forces that drive airport-centric developments. The aim of this paper is therefore to contribute towards foundations for a theoretical framework that analyses the driving forces of the airport-centric developments of OR Tambo and Cape Town international airports in South Africa. Informed by the data gathered through 523 telephonic interviews, the paper culminates in a theoretical foundation, in which the cases studied are, among other characteristics, understood to be part of clusters that are of national and international significance. As theoretical building blocks, the paper is based upon the interconnections between the two sets of concepts: space, proximity, firm, scale and pattern; and agglomeration economies, linkages, clustering and propulsive economic qualities. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 493-506 Issue: 4 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1475595 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1475595 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:4:p:493-506 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1478482_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Daniel B. le Roux Author-X-Name-First: Daniel B. Author-X-Name-Last: le Roux Title: Automation and employment: The case of South Africa Abstract: In the two centuries since the Industrial Revolution technological progress has had a major impact on the types of work humans perform. The invention of increasingly advanced machinery decreases, on one hand, the need for certain forms of manual labour while, on the other, creating new needs and new types of work. Through continuous cycles of this process advanced industries have emerged enabling standards of living to rise across the world. The most recent wave of technological progress is characterized by increasingly intelligent computers and computer-driven machinery. This has coincided with the rise of economic inequality in previously egalitarian countries, prompting debate over the implications of the computer revolution for low and medium-skilled workers. In this study focus falls on the possible implications of these developments for the South African labour market. By using an oft-cited index of occupation computerization probabilities in combination with Stats SA labour market data, a future outlook is determined and presented. Findings suggest that the occupations performed by almost 35% of South African workers (roughly 4.5 million people) are potentially automatable in the near future. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 507-517 Issue: 4 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1478482 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1478482 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:4:p:507-517 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1586110_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Vusumuzi Malele Author-X-Name-First: Vusumuzi Author-X-Name-Last: Malele Author-Name: Khumbulani Mpofu Author-X-Name-First: Khumbulani Author-X-Name-Last: Mpofu Author-Name: Mammo Muchie Author-X-Name-First: Mammo Author-X-Name-Last: Muchie Title: Bridging the innovation chasm: Measuring awareness of entrepreneurship and innovation policies and platforms at the universities of technology in South Africa Abstract: Bridging the innovation chasm requires different solutions, one of which is awareness. In the university context, it is important to measure the awareness of the university community in respect of entrepreneurship and innovation policies and/or platforms. Against this backdrop, this paper contributes to the discussion on the entrepreneurial and innovation chasm by reporting on the task of measuring awareness of entrepreneurship and innovation policies and/or platforms that could promote the establishment and development of university-sponsored student business ventures at the universities of technology in South Africa. To measure awareness, structured interview questions were used to collect data from students using face-to-face interviews, and with staff members, using telephonic interviews (with questions sent prior to the interviews). Answers were coded and analyzed through Microsoft Excel. The findings showed that most students and some staff members were not aware of the policies and platforms for promoting the establishment and development of university-sponsored student business ventures. To bridge the innovation chasm, universities of technology should strengthen awareness of entrepreneurship and innovation policies and platforms through visibility and accessibility. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 783-793 Issue: 7 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1586110 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1586110 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:7:p:783-793 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1594557_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Masoud Hussein Mahundi Author-X-Name-First: Masoud Hussein Author-X-Name-Last: Mahundi Author-Name: Petter Nielsen Author-X-Name-First: Petter Author-X-Name-Last: Nielsen Author-Name: Honest Kimaro Author-X-Name-First: Honest Author-X-Name-Last: Kimaro Title: The social and technical conditions enabling innovations in information infrastructures: A case study from public health in Tanzania Abstract: One of the hallmark characteristics of information infrastructures is their gradual evolution to adapt to changes in technologies and requirements from diverse user groups. Evolution manifests through innovations on and within infrastructures as they respond to the changes. These innovations, however, are not straight forward, following complexities in technologies, organizations, and actors. Few succeed, some take too long while others fail to even start. This study, therefore, investigates the social and technical conditions enabling innovations on information infrastructures. We employed a qualitative case study method where we investigated the development of a mobile platform called DHIS2 touch. Our key contribution is that of identifying the social and technical factors enabling innovations on information infrastructures to complement the existing discourses on how innovations are enabled. We, in particular, identified eight conditions enabling innovations on information infrastructures and we classify them into three categories – structural arrangements, technical facilities, and process support. We argue that in the course of cultivating an infrastructure, these conditions need to be created and nurtured. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 795-805 Issue: 7 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1594557 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1594557 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:7:p:795-805 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1586112_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: M. O. Babatunde Author-X-Name-First: M. O. Author-X-Name-Last: Babatunde Author-Name: T. O. Akinbulire Author-X-Name-First: T. O. Author-X-Name-Last: Akinbulire Author-Name: P. O. Oluseyi Author-X-Name-First: P. O. Author-X-Name-Last: Oluseyi Author-Name: M. U. Emezirinwune Author-X-Name-First: M. U. Author-X-Name-Last: Emezirinwune Title: Techno-economic viability of off-grid standalone PV-powered LED street lighting system in Lagos, Nigeria Abstract: The majority of the street lighting systems in Nigeria are predominantly composed of inefficient lighting fixtures powered either by the grid or diesel generators. Due to the epileptic nature of the grid and the fluctuations in diesel fuel pump prices, these methods for powering street lights are neither reliable nor sustainable. Use of energy-efficient lamps and photovoltaic (PV) panels has the tendency to reduce energy consumption and emissions. This study therefore presents a techno-economic analysis of deploying energy-efficient PV-powered street lighting systems using simple economic metrics. Environmental benefits of the proposed systems were also assessed by analyzing the reduction in CO2 emission as well as the equivalent of oil saved. Relative to the existing grid-powered metal halide system, installation of LED PV-powered street light reduced energy consumption by at least 80%, while the grid-powered LED configuration reduced energy consumption by 80%. Economic analysis shows that the simple payback period (SPP) for the LED PV-powered technology was less than three years, while that of the grid-powered LED system was less than two years. The LED PV-powered technology had the highest CO2 emission reduction of approximately 225 tonnes annually. Overall, street lighting using PV-powered and grid-powered LED is economically viable considering the payback time, net present value (NPV) and lifetime. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 807-819 Issue: 7 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1586112 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1586112 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:7:p:807-819 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1586114_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Stephen W. Kalule Author-X-Name-First: Stephen W. Author-X-Name-Last: Kalule Author-Name: Haroon Sseguya Author-X-Name-First: Haroon Author-X-Name-Last: Sseguya Author-Name: Duncan Ongeng Author-X-Name-First: Duncan Author-X-Name-Last: Ongeng Author-Name: Gabriel Karubanga Author-X-Name-First: Gabriel Author-X-Name-Last: Karubanga Title: Social cognitive drivers of farmer learning behaviour in the student-to-farmer university outreach in Uganda Abstract: Globally, universities are repositioning themselves for community outreach although with difficulty in responding to the unpredictable social features of host communities. Accordingly, this study aims to assess the role of social cognitive factors in farmer learning behaviour during university outreach. Structural equation modelling was conducted on the data obtained from a sample of 283 host participants of the student outreach programme of Gulu University, Uganda. The results indicate that social outcome expectations (β = 0.227, t = 1.978, P < 0.05), social influence (β = .372, t = 4.448, P < 0.01) and farmers’ formation of intentions (β = .214, t = 3.254, P < 0.01) significantly predict farmer learning behaviour. It is also established that social influence combine with formation of intentions to mediate social outcome expectations in predicting farmer learning behaviour. We highlight that tapping into the social setting of host farmers is critical for the success of university outreach in the sense that it generates the social reinforcements for effective farmer participation and learning. We recommend that the managers of university outreach programmes should devote efforts to prepare students to be sensitive to the concerns and needs of the community as a whole rather than just the host farmers. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 821-831 Issue: 7 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1586114 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1586114 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:7:p:821-831 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1587257_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Windinkonté Séogo Author-X-Name-First: Windinkonté Author-X-Name-Last: Séogo Author-Name: Pam Zahonogo Author-X-Name-First: Pam Author-X-Name-Last: Zahonogo Title: Land tenure system innovation and agricultural technology adoption in Burkina Faso: Comparing empirical evidence to the worsening situation of both rural people vulnerability and vulnerable groups’ access to land Abstract: The crucial need for land ownership security to structurally transform the agricultural sector motivated Burkina Faso authorities to run a land reform programme in 2009, allowing producers to acquire formal land property rights. Our study aims to highlight how this institutional innovation may affect rural people’s livelihoods. In a first step, the paper uses an econometric approach to identify the effects of land property rights on producers’ decision to adopt soil fertility management technologies. In a second step, it shows how the new law is affecting both vulnerable groups’ access to land and the vulnerability of rural people by undertaking investigations on issues surrounding the implementation of the new law. The results show in the first step that unlike customary land rights, formal land rights lead to more technology adoption, implying that the new law may improve rural people’s livelihoods. However, this evidence mismatches the results in the second step which show a negative effect of the new land law implementation on rural people’s livelihoods. The paper concludes that whether or not formal land rights are needed in enhancing technology adoption, the new land law is likely to worsen rural people’s situation. Additional measures have to be undertaken to improve rural people’s livelihoods. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 833-842 Issue: 7 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1587257 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1587257 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:7:p:833-842 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1587908_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Adesoji Tunbosun Jaiyeola Author-X-Name-First: Adesoji Tunbosun Author-X-Name-Last: Jaiyeola Author-Name: Josiah Adeyemo Author-X-Name-First: Josiah Author-X-Name-Last: Adeyemo Title: Performance comparison between genetic programming and sediment rating curve for suspended sediment prediction Abstract: The accurate prediction of suspended sediment flowing into reservoirs is very important during their design and operation stage. It is also of great significance in environmental engineering, hydroelectric equipment longevity, river aesthetics, pollution and channel navigability. Hence the development of methods that can accurately forecast the suspended sediment loads from historical water data sets and infrequently or non-sampled rivers will greatly help in the management of water resources. One of the widely used methods employing empirical models are rating curves. Therefore, in this study, 12 sediment rating curves (SRCs) were developed from 14 years’ historical data, one for each month of the year, to show the relationship between stream and suspended sediment flowing into Inanda Dam, Durban, South Africa. The developed monthly SRCs were evaluated using two performance assessment criteria, specifically RMSE and R2. The performance of these SRC models was compared with those of the corresponding monthly developed genetic programming (GP) models for each month of the year. The results indicate that the predictions from the GP models are better than the predictions from the SRC models, especially in predicting large quantities of suspended sediment load during high streamflow such as during flood events. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 843-859 Issue: 7 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1587908 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1587908 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:7:p:843-859 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1587909_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Saïd Hammami Author-X-Name-First: Saïd Author-X-Name-Last: Hammami Title: Foreign direct investment inflows, intellectual property rights and economic freedom: Empirical evidence from middle- and low-income countries Abstract: This study examines the impact of intellectual property rights (IPRs) on foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, using macro data over a panel of 39 middle- and low-income countries as classified by the World Bank. Empirical assessment was made in order to provide a clear and data-based explanation for this controversial issue. The analysis of the IPR/FDI nexus was carried out over the period 1990–2009 using GLS fixed effect (FE) and the two stages least square (IV2SLS) panel data estimation. Our empirical results show that the IPR has no statistically significant impact on FDI inflows in the sampled group, even when controlled for endogeneity. They also demonstrate that the FDI toward the developing countries is not affected by their institutional IPR's reforms. However, other variables, such as the economic freedom index, the market size and the level of human capital, are crucial in explaining foreign investments. These results are of particular interests to policymakers as they help identify the main factors contributing to the creation of an attractive and sound environment for FDI that can ensure sustainable economic growth. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 861-871 Issue: 7 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1587909 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1587909 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:7:p:861-871 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1588510_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Miranda Risang Ayu Palar Author-X-Name-First: Miranda Risang Ayu Author-X-Name-Last: Palar Author-Name: Rajah Rasiah Author-X-Name-First: Rajah Author-X-Name-Last: Rasiah Title: Universalization of Indonesian cultural and scientific regulations Abstract: Indonesia ratified the agreement on the establishment of the World Trade Organization, including its annex agreement, the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) in 1995. The alignment of Indonesian Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) with that of the WTO’s TRIPS has been made easy owing to shared universal human principles that emanated from the country's constitution that was established at the time of independence. Consequently, Indonesia has transformed its legal system to be in sync with the United Nations Bill of Rights. While the WTO's TRIPS Agreement focused heavily on IPRs to which Indonesia’s contribution by way of filings has been low, Indonesia offers other countries lessons in the more subtle area of public order and morality. Community-based IPRs have emerged as a new area of interest in international fora, which has led to the recognition of traditional sources of knowledge, traditional cultural expressions and intangible cultural heritage. It is in this context that the Ten Principles of Bandung on cultural equality is examined to provide an illuminating account of how the harmonization of universal IPRs can help promote cultural equality for the benefit of society globally. The Five Principles of Indonesia’s constitution evolved to recognize the diversity generated from around 1300 indigenous communities in Indonesia. This paper provides an elucidating account of interventions to protect public order and morality using the examples of the Buddha Bar case, the Tropic Effect and the Wayang Golek statues. The manner in which the Indonesian government acted to protect public order and morality offers an incisive narrative towards strengthening universal regulations on cultural equality. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 873-882 Issue: 7 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1588510 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1588510 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:7:p:873-882 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1592329_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Abdulkadir Osman Farah Author-X-Name-First: Abdulkadir Osman Author-X-Name-Last: Farah Author-Name: Calvince Omondi Barack Author-X-Name-First: Calvince Omondi Author-X-Name-Last: Barack Title: The quest for Turkish scholarships: African students, transformation and hopefulness Abstract: The purpose of this study is to move beyond the limited research emphasis on traditional South-North scholarship accessibility. We discuss and analyze how through South-South connections and scholarship opportunities African students rationalize accessibility to scholarships in Turkey. Building on qualitative data collected through interviews, focus groups and discussions with African students in Istanbul, Turkey, this paper finds that the activities as well as the meaning making of African students towards existing Turkish educational and scholarship opportunities, remain essential in understanding the dynamics of African students and accessibility to Turkish scholarships. In their quest for scarce scholarship opportunities, students employ the internet for exchanging information with fellow students; compare opportunities within and beyond Africa while, simultaneously, interacting with formal and informal networks that facilitate scholarship opportunities. Accessibility to Turkish scholarships therefore depends not only on Turkish state funds and its availability, but also on what the students and their networks and community relations are doing separately or together. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 883-892 Issue: 7 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1592329 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1592329 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:7:p:883-892 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1923123_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Gbetondji Melaine Armel Nonvide Author-X-Name-First: Gbetondji Melaine Armel Author-X-Name-Last: Nonvide Title: Reducing poverty through use of irrigation: Evidence from rice farming in Benin Abstract: An emerging body of literature has claimed that poverty is multidimensional and therefore the unidimensional measure cannot serve as a good proxy for poverty. The actual debate is about the inclusion of other dimensions in the poverty analysis framework. Regarding this, the current study examines poverty measurement in rice farming communities in the municipality of Malanville, Benin using both unidimensional and multidimensional poverty indices. It also assesses the effect of involvement in irrigation on multidimensional poverty through an estimation of a two-stage instrumental variable probit model. Results indicate that incidence of monetary poverty was 45.8%. In term of multidimensional poverty, 53.4% of the rice farmers were found to be multidimensionally poor. Overall, the analysis shows lower incidence of poverty for irrigation farmers compared to dry land farmers. We find that the use of irrigation contributes to reducing the likelihood of being multidimensionally poor by 11%. Other determinants include age of the farmer, gender, farm size, use of improved seed, access to credit, off-farm income and market participation. The positive relationship between use of irrigation and poverty reduction justifies the need for irrigation development targeting to implement poverty reduction policies in developing countries. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 976-987 Issue: 4 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 06 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1923123 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1923123 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:4:p:976-987 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1925394_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Joon-ho Kim Author-X-Name-First: Joon-ho Author-X-Name-Last: Kim Author-Name: Yae-ri Kim Author-X-Name-First: Yae-ri Author-X-Name-Last: Kim Author-Name: Seung-hye Jung Author-X-Name-First: Seung-hye Author-X-Name-Last: Jung Author-Name: Hyun-ju Choi Author-X-Name-First: Hyun-ju Author-X-Name-Last: Choi Author-Name: June-hyuk Kwon Author-X-Name-First: June-hyuk Author-X-Name-Last: Kwon Title: The effects of cluster collaboration and the utilization of big data on business performance: A research based on the expansion of open innovation and social capital Abstract: This study examines the influence of firm cluster collaboration and the utilization of big data on the expansion of open innovation. We also investigate the effect of open innovation on business performance and test the moderating effect of social capital. We surveyed 409 global firms (193 large enterprises and 216 medium enterprises) located in Asia, Europe, North America, and Africa over a one-month period. We limited the scope of the survey to employees working at the level of team leader (or executive) or above in the R&D department. This study used SmartPLS (Version 3.3.3) to perform the statistical analysis. Our results indicated that, first, corporate cluster collaboration had a positive effect on the expansion of open innovation. Second, firm use of big data had a positive effect on the expansion of open innovation. Third, firm expansion of open innovation had a positive effect on business performance (market and financial performance). Fourth, in the relationship between cluster collaboration and open innovation expansion, social capital had a negative moderating effect. This research proved that cluster collaboration and big data could accelerate open innovation, ultimately improving business performance. However, there are limitations regarding SEM analysis. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1032-1049 Issue: 4 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 06 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1925394 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1925394 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:4:p:1032-1049 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1937812_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: T. O. Ojo Author-X-Name-First: T. O. Author-X-Name-Last: Ojo Author-Name: A. A. Adetoro Author-X-Name-First: A. A. Author-X-Name-Last: Adetoro Author-Name: A. A. Ogundeji Author-X-Name-First: A. A. Author-X-Name-Last: Ogundeji Author-Name: J. A. Belle Author-X-Name-First: J. A. Author-X-Name-Last: Belle Author-Name: M. S. C. Ngidi Author-X-Name-First: M. S. C. Author-X-Name-Last: Ngidi Title: Unlocking the commercialization potentials of Moringa oleifera production in Southwestern Nigeria Abstract: Despite the importance of Moringa oleifera tree for food security at the smallholder farmers’ level, there is no consolidated socioeconomic information about the crop such as its contribution to household food security and income, and its production potential, commercialization and constraints. This study estimated the commercialization level and factors influencing the level of commercialization among the moringa farmers. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. A double-hurdle model with quasi-maximum likelihood fractional response model was employed to analyze the participation and level of participation in commercialization among smallholder moringa farmers in Southwestern Nigeria. The commercialization level was captured by the household commercialization index (HCI) which was calculated as the ratio of the value of marketed moringa output to the value of moringa produced. The result revealed that half of the moringa farmers are still operating at the subsistence level with a large number of them at the low-medium level while the rest are high-level market participants. The participation in commercialization of moringa was influenced by age and square of household head age, marital status, level of education, farming experience in moringa farming, and access to market information. In the same vein, age and age square of household head, level of education, access to credit and extension services were factors influencing the level of commercialization. Thus, the study concluded that access to affordable credit, adequate access to extension services and prompt market information for small-scale farmers would not only improve their production capacity but also serve as a driver for market participation. The study recommends that for the enormous potential of the moringa tree species and its various products to be harnessed, stakeholders, NGOs, and policymakers should, through adequate extension services, widely promote and scale up the domestication of the miracle tree. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1129-1138 Issue: 4 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 06 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1937812 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1937812 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:4:p:1129-1138 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1935424_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Juniours Marire Author-X-Name-First: Juniours Author-X-Name-Last: Marire Title: Effect of changing business R&D expenditure mix on productivity of the South African national system of innovation Abstract: The paper examines the effect of the sharp reallocation of business R&D expenditure from experimental research to applied research, since the global financial crisis, on the productivity of the South African national system of innovation (NSI). Business R&D expenditure declined sharply, without reversal, which suggests structural change. The paper applies linear regression models to data on trademarks and patents obtained from the World Intellectual Property Office and business R&D expenditure obtained from the Human Sciences Research Council, South Africa, for the period 2004–2018. The paper finds that reallocation of R&D expenditure from experimental to applied research had detrimental effects on the productivity of the NSI. Counterfactually, reallocation of R&D spending from experimental research to basic research had positive effects on innovation performance. The paper also establishes structural change in the innovation-business R&D spending regime. Policymakers, through tax incentives and nudging, should incentivise reallocation of business R&D spending towards basic research, while adjusting downwards the allocation to experimental and applied research until they reach their optimal levels. Discovery of structural change in the innovation-business R&D expenditure regime, the identification of sub-optimality in business R&D spending allocation, and identifying distorted incentive structures, all bring new knowledge to scholarship on the national system of innovation. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1071-1082 Issue: 4 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 06 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1935424 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1935424 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:4:p:1071-1082 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1920679_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Evelyn Philomina Mensah Author-X-Name-First: Evelyn Philomina Author-X-Name-Last: Mensah Author-Name: Richard Kwasi Bannor Author-X-Name-First: Richard Kwasi Author-X-Name-Last: Bannor Author-Name: Helena Oppong-Kyeremeh Author-X-Name-First: Helena Author-X-Name-Last: Oppong-Kyeremeh Author-Name: Samuel Kwabena Chaa Kyire Author-X-Name-First: Samuel Kwabena Chaa Author-X-Name-Last: Kyire Title: An assessment of postharvest losses to support innovation in the egg value chain in Ghana Abstract: The study sought to examine the postharvest losses along the egg value chain in the Bono Region of Ghana. Objectively, the study sought to quantify losses incurred by value-chain actors of egg production, determine the factors that influence the losses and explore measures used by actors to minimize these losses. A total of 213 respondents were selected from the Dormaa Central Municipality, the Dormaa East and the Dormaa West districts of the Bono Region. Data were solicited from the respondents using a structured questionnaire and interviews. Descriptive statistics and heteroskedastic linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The study revealed that egg loss from scratching contributes largely to producers’ total egg loss while transportation loss is the major contributor to both retailers’ and wholesalers’ total loss. The sum of losses incurred on the key egg value-chain actors amounted to approximately 1048 crates (31,440 eggs) per week which is approximately GH¢12,576 (US$2,287). Factors such as experience, postharvest training and enterprise scale (small-scale, medium, large-scale) positively influenced producers’ egg loss. Conversely, education, membership of farmer-based organisation (FBO), contract with buyers and access to extension officers were identified to influence producers’ postharvest losses negatively. On the other hand, marketers’ losses were positively influenced by postharvest training, gender (male), access to credit and the vehicle used to transport the eggs. Education, the nature of roads and grading were however identified to have a negative impact on postharvest losses. Measures such as night transport, special packaging, improved storage (improved ventilation) and cleaning were identified as respondents’ measures to minimize postharvest losses. It is recommended that the Government of Ghana’s flagship project on One-district-one-factory should consider the establishment of standardized warehouses (cold rooms) to help extend the shelf live of eggs in the study area. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 947-959 Issue: 4 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 06 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1920679 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1920679 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:4:p:947-959 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1927467_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Thulani Ningi Author-X-Name-First: Thulani Author-X-Name-Last: Ningi Author-Name: Amon Taruvinga Author-X-Name-First: Amon Author-X-Name-Last: Taruvinga Author-Name: Leocadia Zhou Author-X-Name-First: Leocadia Author-X-Name-Last: Zhou Author-Name: Saul Ngarava Author-X-Name-First: Saul Author-X-Name-Last: Ngarava Title: Factors that influence household food security in Hamburg and Melani, Eastern Cape, South Africa Abstract: Food is one of the essential areas of service delivery required for a household’s wellbeing and development. Against this background, the literature suggests a high level of food insecurity among rural households in South Africa. Thus far, this study has investigated drivers of household-level food insecurity. Data were collected from 283 randomly selected respondents from Melani and Hamburg communities using a structured questionnaire. An ordered logit regression model was used to investigate drivers of household food insecurity. Descriptive statistics results revealed that most of the respondents from the study areas were food secure to mildly food secure (Melani-inland −73%; Hamburg-coastal −77.5%). The findings suggest that overall, the two communities were food secure. Econometrics results further revealed that factors like gender, household size, energy security, access to credit, farming, land ownership, and being able to afford to pay for water influence food insecurity of households in Melani and Hamburg. Therefore, to reduce household food insecurity, the study recommends that priority should be given to these socio-economic and institutional factors. This could be through improving gender and cultural policies which restrict women from generating income, training households about credit usage, and family planning to limit household sizes. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1050-1058 Issue: 4 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 06 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1927467 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1927467 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:4:p:1050-1058 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1923385_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Adino Andaregie Author-X-Name-First: Adino Author-X-Name-Last: Andaregie Author-Name: Tessema Astatkie Author-X-Name-First: Tessema Author-X-Name-Last: Astatkie Title: Determinants of technology adoption by micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in Awi zone, Northwest Ethiopia Abstract: Adoption of technology can enhance the development of micro and small enterprises (MSEs). But in Ethiopia, there is a very low adoption of broadband connections, mobile phones, computers, printers, scanners, copiers, and other technologies by MSEs. The main objective of this study was to identify the determinants of technology adoption by MSEs in Northwest Ethiopia. Cross-sectional data were collected from 327 MSEs selected using the stratified random sampling method and analyzed using the Heckman two-stage model. The first stage probit model estimation results showed that sex, educational level, source of start-up capital, size of the enterprise, and whether the owner of the enterprise has had technology related trainings were significant factors determining technology adoption decisions of MSEs. The second stage estimation results showed that sex, education level, experience, age, family size of the owner, and access to credit significantly influence the degree of technology adoption. The findings indicate that MSEs need more education (information) on technology, greater access to credit, and incentives provided by the government of Ethiopia and other agencies in order to increase their adoption of technology. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 997-1006 Issue: 4 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 06 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1923385 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1923385 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:4:p:997-1006 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1924348_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Beston Lufyagila Author-X-Name-First: Beston Author-X-Name-Last: Lufyagila Author-Name: Dina Machuve Author-X-Name-First: Dina Author-X-Name-Last: Machuve Author-Name: Thomas Clemen Author-X-Name-First: Thomas Author-X-Name-Last: Clemen Title: IoT-powered system for environmental conditions monitoring in poultry house: A case of Tanzania Abstract: Poultry health is imperative for the continued growth of poultry and increased production. Environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and ammonia gas have an impact on poultry health. They affect the respiratory system and eventually cause death. In Tanzania, most smallholder farmers use charcoal and kerosene stoves to control the environmental parameters since they have limited access to low-cost, secure, and user-friendly poultry house monitoring systems. However, these traditional methods are unreliable, difficult to manage, not environmentally friendly, and inaccurate. Data were collected from 120 poultry farmers in Arusha and Kilimanjaro regions using convenience and snowball sampling techniques. Of the respondents, 43% revealed that smallholder farmers do not adopt automated systems despite being available because they are expensive. In this study, a system based on the Internet of Things (IoT) was developed for environmental conditions monitoring in poultry houses for low-resourced smallholder farmers in Tanzania. The system saves time (84%) and labour costs (66.7%) compared to the traditional system, as the farmer can monitor and control the conditions securely, reliably, and remotely. The study also proposes an algorithm for the system to work online and offline (i.e.,, synchronizing with the cloud server when internet access is available). Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1020-1031 Issue: 4 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 06 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1924348 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1924348 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:4:p:1020-1031 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1911910_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Chinedu Wilfred Okonkwo Author-X-Name-First: Chinedu Wilfred Author-X-Name-Last: Okonkwo Author-Name: Magda Huisman Author-X-Name-First: Magda Author-X-Name-Last: Huisman Author-Name: Estelle Taylor Author-X-Name-First: Estelle Author-X-Name-Last: Taylor Title: Factors that influence Africa’s refusal and discontinuation of mobile applications use Abstract: The development, adoption, and use of mobile applications (mobile apps) in Africa are growing rapidly. Some of these mobile apps have gained widespread acceptance, while others have not due to discontinued use and absolute rejection. This study aims to investigate and identify the factors influencing mobile app discontinuation and rejection in Africa. Through a survey, respondents’ perceptions were collected from five selected countries representing the five geographic locations in Africa. Of the 2300 questionnaires distributed, a total of 1285 was returned, giving a response rate of 55.87%. The results revealed that the discontinuation of use and total rejection of mobile apps by the African social system are significantly affected by specific factors, including unsatisfactory performance, lack of support, size of mobile app and expensive to use. The findings of this research will be of interest to all stakeholders involved in the African mobile app ecosystem. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 886-895 Issue: 4 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 06 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1911910 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1911910 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:4:p:886-895 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1923394_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Daniel Adu Ankrah Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Adu Author-X-Name-Last: Ankrah Author-Name: Nana Afranaa Kwapong Author-X-Name-First: Nana Afranaa Author-X-Name-Last: Kwapong Author-Name: Seth Dankyi Boateng Author-X-Name-First: Seth Dankyi Author-X-Name-Last: Boateng Title: Indigenous knowledge and science-based predictors reliability and its implication for climate adaptation in Ghana Abstract: The study examined the reliability of indigenous knowledge and science-based predictors of climate and how this influences smallholder farmers’ practices and adaptations in Ghana’s three regions (Northern, Western and Volta regions). Two districts were selected in each region: Builsa South and Zabzugu in Northern Region, Swefi Wiaso and Jomoro in Western Region, and Agotime-Ziope and Ketu North in Volta Region. The study employed purposive sampling involving 240 respondents. The findings show indigenous predictors of climate include the emergence of migratory birds, the direction of cloud formation, sun intensity, frog croaks and sprouting of new leaves on Emire, Shea, Tarmeranda and Baobab trees. An indigenous knowledge reliability index of 0.72 relative to 0.88 for science-based predictors was obtained, implying that both indigenous knowledge and science-based predictors are reliable indicators for forecasting weather. Indigenous knowledge and science-based predictors influence adaptation strategies through the cultivation of indigenous varieties, early or late planting, diversification of crops cultivated and the use of improved crop and drought-tolerant varieties. Governments in sub-Saharan Africa can consider tasking meteorological stations to harness indigenous and science-based predictors in daily forecasts towards adaptation and mitigation strategies. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1007-1019 Issue: 4 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 06 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1923394 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1923394 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:4:p:1007-1019 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1899556_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Oluwamayowa Ogundaini Author-X-Name-First: Oluwamayowa Author-X-Name-Last: Ogundaini Author-Name: Retha de la Harpe Author-X-Name-First: Retha Author-X-Name-Last: de la Harpe Author-Name: Nyx McLean Author-X-Name-First: Nyx Author-X-Name-Last: McLean Title: Unintended consequences of technology-enabled work activities experienced by healthcare professionals in tertiary hospitals of sub-Saharan Africa Abstract: The unintended consequences experienced by healthcare professionals while using health ICTs at points-of-care are disruptive to their work activities. Failure to address these consequences inhibits efforts to support the delivery of quality healthcare services in hospital settings. Hence, the aim of this paper is to identify how unintended consequences disrupt technology-enabled work activities of healthcare professionals in hospital settings.An interpretive stance was adopted to investigate healthcare professionals’ experiences with the use of health ICTs for their work activities through open-ended interview questions, to acquire in-depth information about unintended consequences events. A total of 19 participants were selected using a purposive sampling technique to identify healthcare professionals from two tertiary hospitals with varying levels of technology implementation. The participants included doctors and nurses in clinical departments that use health ICTs for medical imaging, referrals and reporting. Ethics clearance for data collection were granted by the University research ethics committee and the hospitals. Thematic analysis was adopted to identify and interpret patterns that emerged from participants’ responses.Findings indicated that the unintended consequences experienced by healthcare professionals are protracted time to complete tasks; interruption of tasks and workarounds at points-of-care. The unintended consequences are caused by contradictions that result from tensions between contextual conditions that inhibit perceived usefulness, and a lack of fit between tasks of work activities and health ICTs. Hospital managers and health technology vendors should actively consider the likely undesirable experiences or disruptions from feedback recorded during the pilot implementation phase within use contexts. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 876-885 Issue: 4 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 06 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1899556 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1899556 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:4:p:876-885 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1921898_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Adino Andaregie Author-X-Name-First: Adino Author-X-Name-Last: Andaregie Author-Name: Tessema Astatkie Author-X-Name-First: Tessema Author-X-Name-Last: Astatkie Title: Determinants of the adoption of green manufacturing practices by medium- and large-scale manufacturing industries in northern Ethiopia Abstract: The barriers to and opportunities for adopting green manufacturing practices (GMP) have not been well investigated in Ethiopian manufacturing industries. The objectives of this study were to identify the potential barriers to and determinants of adopting GMP among medium- and large-scale manufacturing businesses in northern Ethiopia. To achieve the objectives, primary data were collected from 131 medium- and large-scale manufacturing companies through interviews. Exploratory factor analysis and multiple linear regression modelling were used to answer the research questions. Company specific characteristics: managers’ experience, number of persons engaged, scale size of the company, age of the company, and whether the company has an environmental management department or not have significant influence on adoption of GMP. Lack of environmental knowledge, business environment related barrier, societal influence, technological barrier, financial barrier, organizational barrier, and regulatory or government barrier were the significant barriers to adoption of GMP. The significant industry-specific characteristics and the adoption barriers identified as determinants of GMP can help medium- and large-scale manufacturing enterprises to change their manufacturing practices to GMP. In addition, the findings of this study can be used to promote environmental sustainability in manufacturing. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 960-975 Issue: 4 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 06 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1921898 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1921898 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:4:p:960-975 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1917041_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ibrahim Abu Abdulai Author-X-Name-First: Ibrahim Abu Author-X-Name-Last: Abdulai Author-Name: Shaibu Bukari Author-X-Name-First: Shaibu Author-X-Name-Last: Bukari Author-Name: Moses Naiim Fuseini Author-X-Name-First: Moses Naiim Author-X-Name-Last: Fuseini Title: Women’s self-help groups and asset accumulation in peri-urban Wa, Ghana Abstract: Women’s self-help groups (SHGs) play an essential role in the fight against poverty. Despite this, studies on the impact of SHGs on women’s asset accumulation and incomes tend to focus on rural and urban areas, with peri-urban areas receiving little attention. Consequently, to help fill this gap, using the after-only study design, this study investigates the contribution of SHGs to asset accumulation in Wa’s peri-urban areas. A questionnaire and an observation guide were used to collect data from 199 SHG members. Thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data, while descriptive statistics, parametric and non-parametric methods were used to analyze quantitative data. Members were given loans, according to the study, but the repayment schedule was unfavourable. After joining SHGs, both productive and non-productive assets were acquired. Furthermore, those who took out loans and invested in income-generating ventures saw an increase in their earnings. In general, SHGs contributed to asset acquisition and income. SHG members should invest in productive assets to increase their incomes, according to the policy recommendation of this study. This study is unique because it focuses on SHGs in peri-urban areas, deviating from the norm by arguing that SHGs contribute to asset accumulation in those areas, thereby empowering members. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 906-918 Issue: 4 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 06 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1917041 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1917041 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:4:p:906-918 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1911911_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Hung Gia Hoang Author-X-Name-First: Hung Gia Author-X-Name-Last: Hoang Title: Factors affecting commercialisation of vegetables by central Vietnamese smallholders Abstract: In order to promote smallholders to adopt the commercial farming of crops, it is important to understand the factors that affect their decisions to commercialize. However, little empirical research has looked at what has shaped smallholders’ decisions to adopt commercial farming of vegetable crops. This study investigates the factors that influence smallholders’ commercialization of vegetables in Central Vietnam. A sample size of 277 was randomly taken from a total population of 525 smallholders, and a structured questionnaire was created to gather data. The results show that, among the explanatory variables, participation in training programmes, distance from home to the nearest local markets, having an existing vegetable customer, number of plots of land, mobile phone ownership, and participation in community-based organizations, are the significantly important determinants of smallholders’ commercialization of vegetables. Any agricultural development programmes that help smallholders to adopt the commercial farming of vegetables, such as financial support and the provision of training courses on methods of vegetable marketing, should take into account these determinants. This research provides an important understanding about the determinants of commercialisation of vegetable crops by smallholders, and highlights aspects that need to be considered when devising development policies to improve the smallholders’ uptake of commercial farming in developing countries. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 896-905 Issue: 4 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 06 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1911911 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1911911 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:4:p:896-905 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1893467_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Nazeem Mustapha Author-X-Name-First: Nazeem Author-X-Name-Last: Mustapha Author-Name: Gerard Ralphs Author-X-Name-First: Gerard Author-X-Name-Last: Ralphs Title: Effectiveness of technology transfer in public research institutions in South Africa: A critical review of national indicators and implications for future measurement Abstract: South Africa’s poor economic performance in recent years has prompted calls by policymakers for structural transformation. To break the impasse, a stronger focus on innovation is one strategy the country has articulated through a new White Paper on Science, Technology and Innovation. Writing from this policy context, we adapt the revised contingent effectiveness model of technology transfer by including indigenous knowledge as a transfer object and emphasizes citizen needs and reparations as part of the demand environment, and appropriation as a transfer medium. Analytically, our use of this adaptation is to critically reflect on the typology of indicators produced in the first South African national survey of intellectual property and technology transfer at publicly financed research institutions. We find the dimension of least representation but presumably greatest significance in the typology is that of ‘public value’. Our contention is that the output-based and commercially-biased indicators of technology transfer activity, which predominate in the typology, are insufficient to inform decision-making on technology transfer policy in a context of profound national socio-economic challenges and deep historical legacies of indigenous knowledge misappropriation. Broader evaluation data would form a richer, more inclusive evidence-base to inform new investments, as well as ongoing policy assessment, at both institutional and national level. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 863-875 Issue: 4 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 06 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1893467 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1893467 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:4:p:863-875 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1923124_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Himmat Singh Author-X-Name-First: Himmat Author-X-Name-Last: Singh Title: Modular-mini refineries: Business opportunities in developing economies Abstract: Despite generally low return on investment, modular-mini refineries from simple diesel production units to more sophisticated refineries are increasingly becoming a choice of flexible and cost-effective supply for oil producers in remote regions, particularly in developing economies with reasonable to rich oil resources. The new wave of mini refineries includes the modular refinery in Fujairah, Equatorial Guinea, Nigeria’s burgeoning market for mini-refineries and their increasing role in the development strategy of Indonesia. Honeywell International reports a market for its readymade mobile refineries in war-torn Iraq. Significant rationalization of the refining industry during last three and half decades and considerations like changing environmental legislations or investment incentives to mitigate security of supply issues and sudden finds of light sweet crude as in USA, have all led to change in investment pattern in the refining industry, thereby leading to the growth of modular-mini refineries in different nations. This has been further supported by factors like ability to boost industrialization growth and development of the country. Relatively low capital cost, speed and ease of construction are the other main advantages of modular-mini refineries. The necessary conditions for such viable investment usually include a location in close proximity and access to oil supplies, and being close to markets with considerable logistical advantages that reduce the high cost of distribution to remote locations. This article is an attempt to review the current status of modular-mini refineries as business opportunities in developing economies like Nigeria and Indonesia, based on published information. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 988-996 Issue: 4 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 06 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1923124 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1923124 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:4:p:988-996 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1936888_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mostafa Safdari Ranjbar Author-X-Name-First: Mostafa Author-X-Name-Last: Safdari Ranjbar Author-Name: Soroush Ghazinoori Author-X-Name-First: Soroush Author-X-Name-Last: Ghazinoori Author-Name: Manochehr Manteghi Author-X-Name-First: Manochehr Author-X-Name-Last: Manteghi Title: Evolution of Iran’s gas turbine sectoral innovation system as a complex product system (CoPS) Abstract: Many scholars have studied various sectoral innovation systems that are categorized as mass-produced goods, whereas there are only a few previous studies that have investigated complex product systems (CoPS). CoPS are defined as high-cost, engineering, and software-intensive goods, systems, networks, infrastructure, engineering constructs, and services. However, many differences between these two categories of industries have been reported by a large number of scholars. To address this shortcoming, this paper intends to study the evolution of Iran’s gas turbine sectoral innovation system as a CoPS industry. To this end, a qualitative approach and a case study research design were employed. To do this, we conducted 17 in-depth interviews, participated in different conferences and conventions, as well as studied various documents as secondary data. Our findings suggest that: firstly, technological capabilities in Iranian gas turbine producers have evolved from assembling to manufacturing, and re-designing existing gas turbines; Secondly, diverse and dynamic governmental policies associated with the gas turbine industry over the last two decades have played a key role in encouraging domestic firms to acquire technological capabilities; and thirdly, the large and growing domestic market not only justified investing in R&D and building infrastructure by the government but also contributed to improved interaction and collaboration between domestic and overseas’ companies. As the main policy implication, our paper suggests that the transition from product-using to product-manufacturing in CoPS industries is not an automatic process. It is important to design the corresponding policies and institutional arrangements following the evolving technological capabilities and demand conditions. Finally, this paper has contributed to sectoral innovation systems and CoPS literature by shedding light on the evolution of the gas turbine industry as CoPS in the context of Iran as a developing country with some restrictions in global technology collaborations. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1102-1116 Issue: 4 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 06 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1936888 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1936888 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:4:p:1102-1116 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1918316_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Beverlley Madzikanda Author-X-Name-First: Beverlley Author-X-Name-Last: Madzikanda Author-Name: Cai Li Author-X-Name-First: Cai Author-X-Name-Last: Li Author-Name: Francis Tang Dabuo Author-X-Name-First: Francis Tang Author-X-Name-Last: Dabuo Title: Barriers to development of entrepreneurial ecosystems and economic performance in Southern Africa Abstract: Southern Africa has fewer innovative entrepreneurs per capita than other regions of Africa and a high failure rate amongst SMEs. Common problems such as corruption, crime and poverty plague the region, and as a result many of the economies do not perform well. The purpose of this paper is to investigate what barriers hinder the development of innovative entrepreneurship and economic performance in the region, based on entrepreneurial ecosystem theory. Panel data at national level was collected for eight countries in the region. Using SEM-PLS estimation, it was found that poor national strategies, corruption, excessive taxes, and high entry barriers put innovative entrepreneurship out of reach for many people. Government policies and the socio-cultural elements encourage entrepreneurship; however, the support is not enough to contribute positively towards economic growth. Unhealthy entrepreneurial ecosystems block access to resources and opportunities, limiting entrepreneurial activity and economic output. These findings highlight problem areas that can be used as the basis for policy formulation and restructuring efforts to target the most crucial barriers to innovative entrepreneurship, thereby encouraging entrepreneurial development. This study contributes towards the understanding of entrepreneurial ecosystem dynamics in the novel and unique context of middle- and low-income countries and can inform appropriate policy restructuring to ameliorate entrepreneurship in the region. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 936-946 Issue: 4 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 06 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1918316 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1918316 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:4:p:936-946 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1930848_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Daniel R. E. Ewim Author-X-Name-First: Daniel R. E. Author-X-Name-Last: Ewim Author-Name: Stephen S. Oyewobi Author-X-Name-First: Stephen S. Author-X-Name-Last: Oyewobi Author-Name: Michael O. Dioha Author-X-Name-First: Michael O. Author-X-Name-Last: Dioha Author-Name: Chibuike E. Daraojimba Author-X-Name-First: Chibuike E. Author-X-Name-Last: Daraojimba Author-Name: Suzzie O. Oyakhire Author-X-Name-First: Suzzie O. Author-X-Name-Last: Oyakhire Author-Name: Zhongjie Huan Author-X-Name-First: Zhongjie Author-X-Name-Last: Huan Title: Exploring the perception of Nigerians towards nuclear power generation Abstract: To decarbonize the Nigerian power sector and ensure a reliable electricity supply, nuclear power will play a key role. However, public acceptance must be considered for the successful introduction of nuclear power. This study examines the perceptions of Nigerians towards nuclear power generation and its opportunity as a viable source of power in Nigeria. The study adopts a quantitative method through surveys, using simple random sampling by administering questionnaires of structured close-ended questions to 10,001 respondents via social networking services and hand-delivered questionnaires. However, the response rate was only 71%. The data were analyzed using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation to measure the relationship between the various perceptions of nuclear power as a viable solution to the electricity problems in Nigeria using the statistical analysis software, Statistical Product and Service Solutions Statistics (IBM SPSS). The Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.821 of the items (questions) illustrates the acceptable internal consistency of the study and shows that it has reliability and validity on a five-point Likert scale. The study shows that over 56% of the respondents support the use of nuclear power generation as a viable option for electricity supply in Nigeria. Furthermore, it is recommended as a boost to the Nigerian economy, safety, security, and environmental sustainability, therefore, indicating positive perceptions towards building a nuclear power plant in Nigeria. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1059-1070 Issue: 4 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 06 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1930848 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1930848 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:4:p:1059-1070 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2088159_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: The Editors Title: RETRACTED ARTICLE: Statement of Retraction: “A hybrid technique for partner selection in virtual enterprises” Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1149-1149 Issue: 4 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 06 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2022.2088159 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2022.2088159 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:4:p:1149-1149 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1936887_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ayokunle Ayoyemi Akinlabi Author-X-Name-First: Ayokunle Ayoyemi Author-X-Name-Last: Akinlabi Author-Name: Folasade Mojisola Dahunsi Author-X-Name-First: Folasade Mojisola Author-X-Name-Last: Dahunsi Title: Mobile broadband quality of service analysis using host-based performance measurements Abstract: Mobile broadband since its adoption in Africa has been able to deliver both social and economical dividends to the African people. The increased migration to mobile broadband services in Africa is due to accelerated smartphone adoption rate, increased network roll-out and translation to new and faster technologies. Because technological growth plays a substantial role in society, there is a need for an independent and unbiased assessment of the quality of service offered by mobile broadband infrastructure. However, little work had been carried out on the systematic and consistent investigation of mobile broadband performance monitoring, analysis, evaluation and reporting in Africa. This paper presents a thorough inquiry into the methods employed for end-to-end mobile broadband network measurement, monitoring and experimentation. Policies and recommendations are proposed based on the lessons learnt. Amongst these recommendations is advocacy for the use of a host-based measurement approach for the continued study of mobile broadband performance to assist the various stakeholders to make informed decisions. Furthermore, it was brought to the fore that unsatisfactory broadband speed is not the sole factor that limits the quality of broadband service, and, lastly, significant variations in broadband speed for the same service can be recorded over time due to several complex factors relating to different measurement approaches and conditions. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1083-1101 Issue: 4 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 06 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1936887 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1936887 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:4:p:1083-1101 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1936889_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Antonio Biurrun Author-X-Name-First: Antonio Author-X-Name-Last: Biurrun Author-Name: Marta dos Reis Castilho Author-X-Name-First: Marta dos Reis Author-X-Name-Last: Castilho Author-Name: Raquel Marín Author-X-Name-First: Raquel Author-X-Name-Last: Marín Author-Name: Cipriano Quirós Author-X-Name-First: Cipriano Author-X-Name-Last: Quirós Title: Upgrading and inequality in global value chains: Challenges for inclusive and sustainable development Abstract: The phenomena of globalization and fragmentation of production drive countries to face a double challenge of catching up: economic upgrading coupled with improvement in living standards. Meanwhile, insertion and upgrading within global value chains (GVCs) deeply affect national economies in multiple ways. In this paper, we explore the research agenda on the distributional outcomes of the integration of countries into GVCs, with special attention paid to developing countries. A critical review of both the existing literature on the relationship between economic and social upgrading and the methodological approaches to GVC integration and their distributional outcomes are undertaken, in order to improve understanding and to help orient policy strategies. We highlight the relevance of institutions as well as the role of governments and MNE initiatives to ensure that the achievement of sustainable economic gains are translated into social benefits. This can be attained by the reinforcement of welfare and labour institutions, the strengthening of innovation systems, and support for and densification of local chains. There is a pressing need for further research on this topic founded on accurate knowledge of metrics and indicators for analyzing the insertion of countries into GVCs as well as their distributive outcomes. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1117-1128 Issue: 4 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 06 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1936889 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1936889 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:4:p:1117-1128 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1917485_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Santhosha Shetty G Author-X-Name-First: Santhosha Author-X-Name-Last: Shetty G Author-Name: Vikram Baliga Author-X-Name-First: Vikram Author-X-Name-Last: Baliga Author-Name: Mathew Thomas Gil Author-X-Name-First: Mathew Thomas Author-X-Name-Last: Gil Author-Name: Ren Trevor Dias Author-X-Name-First: Ren Trevor Author-X-Name-Last: Dias Author-Name: Sandeep S. Shenoy Author-X-Name-First: Sandeep S. Author-X-Name-Last: Shenoy Title: Impact of entrepreneurship development programmes on economic aspects of trainees: Evidence from training centres in India Abstract: The aim of this research work was to analyze the impact of entrepreneurship development programmes (EDPs) offered by Rural Development and Self-Employment Training Institutes (RUDSETIs) on the economic aspects of trainees of these institutes. The researchers collected data from 386 respondents using a structured questionnaire through face-to-face interview, telephone calling and video calling. These training centres offer four types of EDPs designed to build entrepreneurial competencies. Yamane criteria (1967), multi stage sampling and proportionate sampling method was used to determine sample size. Data was analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis test, and one sample ‘t’ test to assess the impact of EDPs on the economic aspects of trainees. The results indicated that the EDPs have created high impact on the overall economic aspects of trainees. After analyzing the data, the impact created by EDPs on economic aspects are categorized as high impact, moderate impact and low impact. This study suggests training interventions on economic aspects with moderate and low impact in order to make entrepreneurship development programmes more effective. Based on the findings, this research work will be useful to the policy makers of Entrepreneurship Training Institutes (ETIs) to make advances in training content and design. Prospective trainees who would attend training programmes in the future would be beneficiaries of a robust training curriculum. The study will also encourage entrepreneurial intention, as the identification of economic aspects and the knowledge of the level of its impact is likely to contribute the social and economic progress of emerging economies. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 919-935 Issue: 4 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 06 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1917485 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1917485 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:4:p:919-935 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1937814_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Arthur Mzwandile Gonyora Author-X-Name-First: Arthur Mzwandile Author-X-Name-Last: Gonyora Author-Name: Stephen Migiro Author-X-Name-First: Stephen Author-X-Name-Last: Migiro Author-Name: Pfano Mashau Author-X-Name-First: Pfano Author-X-Name-Last: Mashau Author-Name: Bongani Ngwenya Author-X-Name-First: Bongani Author-X-Name-Last: Ngwenya Title: The impact of open innovation challenges on automotive component manufacturers’ competitiveness: An insight from the South African automotive industry Abstract: Open innovation is a function of managing innovation challenges within an organization to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. To achieve this, organizations have to configure and regulate their strategic resources, harness their core competencies and absorptive capacity, and manage uncertainties inherent in their business activities. This study aimed to examine the impact of open innovation strategy challenges on the competitiveness of automotive component manufacturers (ACMs) in South Africa. It addressed ACM open innovation challenges and their effect on competitiveness and the relationship between open innovation strategy and competitiveness. The study employed a quantitative methodology with a sample survey consisting of 44 respondents comprising the owners, and senior and junior managers responsible for research and development. The results identified that the challenges faced by ACMs are lack of resources, lack of dynamic capabilities and high-risk exposure, with the lack of resources being the most significant. The study’s significant implications are that ACMs should design strategic measures that mitigate the adverse spillover effects of resource deficiencies impacting dynamic capability transformation and risk mitigation. The study contributes to existing knowledge by extending the concept of attaining above-average returns through integrating the resource-based view theory, the dynamic capabilities theory, and the portfolio theory. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1139-1148 Issue: 4 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 06 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1937814 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1937814 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:4:p:1139-1148 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1747166_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Malente Modungwa Author-X-Name-First: Malente Author-X-Name-Last: Modungwa Author-Name: Melissa Rinke Author-X-Name-First: Melissa Author-X-Name-Last: Rinke Author-Name: Assilah Agigi Author-X-Name-First: Assilah Author-X-Name-Last: Agigi Author-Name: Kelvinne Mocke Author-X-Name-First: Kelvinne Author-X-Name-Last: Mocke Title: The role of strategic supplier relationships in enhancing supply chain innovation: A qualitative study in the South African automotive manufacturing industry Abstract: Supply chain innovation is a mechanism that firms use to ensure efficient supply chain management through collaboration with external supply chain partners. The interaction between buyers and suppliers is especially crucial in fostering innovation resulting in modifications, improvements and development of new products and processes in a manner that improves overall efficiency. Understanding the role of the supplier in firm innovation is critical for cross-firm innovation. The automotive manufacturing industry faces increasing pressures to innovate due to the high demands from stakeholders and operating in a highly competitive market. This study aimed to explore the role of strategic supplier relationships for supply chain innovation in this particular industry. A generic qualitative approach, through semi-structured interviews, was used to gather data from ten middle to senior managers in six automotive manufacturing companies. It was found that only two manufacturers involve their suppliers in the pre-innovation phase indicating that there might be an untapped source of innovation for manufacturers. It would appear from the participant responses that the involvement of suppliers increases from low to high in the pre-innovation and post-innovation phases, respectively. Furthermore, despite the cost pressures in the industry, manufacturers stated the need for suppliers who are able to adapt and synchronize with their innovation initiatives. Additionally, a possible theoretical contradiction was identified. Because many manufacturers share suppliers, transparency might act as an inhibitor of innovation, mainly if the manufacturer aims to compete on the basis of differentiation. Finally, other factors that could strengthen the relationship and subsequently the potential for innovation include being intrinsically motivated to innovate and create synergies from a supplier’s perspective, along with incentives in the form of continued business from the manufacturer’s perspective. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1-14 Issue: 1 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1747166 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1747166 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:1:p:1-14 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1816264_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Hicham Rachidi Author-X-Name-First: Hicham Author-X-Name-Last: Rachidi Author-Name: Mohammed El Mohajir Author-X-Name-First: Mohammed Author-X-Name-Last: El Mohajir Title: Improving SMEs’ performance using innovative knowledge and financial system designed from the Moroccan business environment Abstract: Information and communication technologies are considered real vectors of corporate performance. However, their adoption by small and medium sized organizations is hampered by unreported or unknown obstacles. As part of a new approach, and rather than opting for a purely theoretical work, this paper deals with real issues that SMEs face whenever the question of information technology integration is raised. SMEs in Morocco are facing many barriers such as poor financial management, significant lack of managerial and professional skills and lack of financial resources. These obstacles have direct consequences on SMEs’ performance, their growth and indirectly have many socio-economic consequences on the labour market and country’s economy. This paper shares the process followed to design an adapted solution to transform SMEs’ current situation considering the specificities of their context. The solution proposed through this work, KFMS, has considered SMEs’ real problems and their life cycle phases’ priorities. The KFMS’ architecture integrates ontologies, statistical models and a sharing strategy component to allow managers to handle the financial domain, interpret financial indicators correctly, and build strategic future orientations. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 15-30 Issue: 1 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1816264 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1816264 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:1:p:15-30 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1802842_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ibikunle Olalekan Ogundari Author-X-Name-First: Ibikunle Olalekan Author-X-Name-Last: Ogundari Author-Name: Funso Ayotunde Otuyemi Author-X-Name-First: Funso Ayotunde Author-X-Name-Last: Otuyemi Title: Project planning and control analysis for suburban photovoltaic alternative electric power supply in Southwestern Nigeria Abstract: Alternative photovoltaic (PV) electric power systems are designed for suburban residential complexes in Nigeria’s Southwestern region as succour to erratic grid power supply. The initial project in suburban Ibadan, Oyo State was analyzed as model for other stakeholders in the region. A project planning framework was used for analysis. The project scope, cost and time specifications were determined: a 7 MW PV system designed over 35 acres, estimated power generation costs of US$2.56 per watt, estimated total project cost of $17.9 million, estimated cost at completion of $21.6 million, and estimated completion time of 12 months 19 days. Techno-economic benefits include 15.83 GWh of electricity and revenue of US$1.74 million per annum per state. Environmental benefits include annual elimination of 1.58 million litres of diesel fuel use and 4241.8 metric tonnes of CO2 emissions from the atmosphere. The schemes were determined to be non-viable at the extant electricity utility rates of US$0.07 per kWh but viable at electricity utility rate of $0.11 per kWh with payback period of 16 years. The study concluded that in spite of the expected project time delay and budget overshoot, the project was viable and a suitable template for Southwestern Nigeria. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 31-49 Issue: 1 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1802842 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1802842 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:1:p:31-49 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1816615_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Theobald Frank Theodory Author-X-Name-First: Theobald Frank Author-X-Name-Last: Theodory Title: Understanding the relevance of indigenous knowledge on climate change adaptation among mixed farmers in the Ngono River Basin, Tanzania Abstract: Climate change poses major threats to people and ecosystems. In many areas, climate change impacts have affected the availability of basic necessities including freshwater, food security, and energy. Developing countries are more adversely impacted by climate change and are less prepared to cope with its impacts. Over the years, local communities in these countries have been using their local based knowledge commonly known as indigenous knowledge (IK) to adapt to any form of uncertainty including climate change. This article assesses the IK used by the mixed farmers in Tanzania to adapt to the impacts of climate change. The study that informed this article was conducted in Missenyi and Muleba Districts, Kagera Region along the Ngono River Basin in Tanzania. It employed different techniques and methods to gather information from both primary and secondary sources including focus group discussions, key informant interviews, observation and desk reviews. The findings revealed that local communities within the basin have developed a sophisticated body of knowledge to withstand impacts of climate change. This knowledge is socially constructed and embedded within the socio-cultural context of the local communities. The findings further established that IK is mostly used in a situation of long drought season, infestation of diseases and pests for both livestock and crops as well as during occurrence of strong winds. In such circumstances, most oft-cited adaptation practices used include farming and grazing in wetlands, growing of drought resistant crops, using locally made pesticides, and grain storage, to mention but a few. The article recommends that despite the fact that some IK seems to be helpful at the local level, it is necessary that local communities are assisted in their adaptive strategies so that they can respond to climate change effectively and enhance their resilience. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 51-59 Issue: 1 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1816615 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1816615 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:1:p:51-59 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1831130_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Unekwu Onuche Author-X-Name-First: Unekwu Author-X-Name-Last: Onuche Author-Name: Mojisola Abosede Oladipo Author-X-Name-First: Mojisola Abosede Author-X-Name-Last: Oladipo Title: Effect of farm level economic efficiency on income poverty status of rural farm households in Kogi State, central Nigeria Abstract: In this study, 320 farming households in Kogi State, central Nigeria were interviewed in order to estimate their income poverty status, efficiency levels, and influence of efficiency levels on poverty. The 1.90USD/day global poverty line was used to classify respondents into poor and non-poor. Relative poverty analysis was conducted to segregate farm households into moderately poor and extremely poor using the Mean Per Capita House Hold Expenditure (MPCHHE) approach. Stochastic Frontier techniques were applied to estimate efficiency levels while logistic regression was applied to investigate influence of efficiency on income poverty. Findings show that 80% of farmers were male; average age was 51 years and average holding was 1.53 ha. Furthermore, 84.1% were poor based on the global poverty line. Based on MPCHHE, 13.75% and 48.12% were moderately and extremely poor respectively. Technical and allocative efficiencies averaged 0.52 and 0.38 respectively, indicating high level of non-optimization of resources. Logistic regression result shows that poverty will likely reduce by 28% point for any 10% point increase in economic efficiency. Other poverty drivers include farmland size, education, access to credit and gender. Improved funding and training for improved extension services to help farmers increase their outputs, minimize wastages and improve incomes are recommended. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 61-68 Issue: 1 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1831130 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1831130 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:1:p:61-68 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1807112_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ebenezer Lemven Wirba Author-X-Name-First: Ebenezer Lemven Author-X-Name-Last: Wirba Author-Name: Fiennasah Annif’ Akem Author-X-Name-First: Fiennasah Annif’ Author-X-Name-Last: Akem Author-Name: Francis Menjo Baye Author-X-Name-First: Francis Author-X-Name-Last: Menjo Baye Title: Impact of the 2008 wage review on the public-private sector wage-gap in Cameroon Abstract: This paper examines the impact of the 2008 wage review on the public-private sector wage-gap in Cameroon. Specifically, the paper evaluates the determinants of participating in the labour market and choosing formal sector employment; assesses the correlates of wages in the public and private sectors using the 2005 and 2010 Cameroon employment and informal sector surveys; and investigates the role of access to endowments and returns to endowments in explaining the public-private sector wage-gaps in 2005 and 2010. To achieve these objectives, the paper employs the bivariate probit model, Mincerian wage equations and the Neuman-Oaxaca decomposition approach. Results indicate that before and after the wage review, public sector workers enjoyed a wage premium over their formal private sector counterparts, more so after the review – registering an impact of 0.032 log points. Findings also reveal that the human capital variables – education and experience – solidly contributed in mitigating the public-private sector wage-gap. These results show that the 2008 wage review helped to augment the public sector wage premium in Cameroon over the period under study. These findings are useful inputs in animating public-private sector debates on human capital development and the structure of wages in developing country settings. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 69-79 Issue: 1 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1807112 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1807112 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:1:p:69-79 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1818919_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Isaiah Dladla Author-X-Name-First: Isaiah Author-X-Name-Last: Dladla Author-Name: Machete Machete Author-X-Name-First: Machete Author-X-Name-Last: Machete Author-Name: Karabo Shale Author-X-Name-First: Karabo Author-X-Name-Last: Shale Title: Environmental health risks associated with indiscriminate dumping in Lekwa Local Municipality Abstract: This paper presents the environmental health risks associated with indiscriminate dumping of solid waste in Lekwa Local Municipality. Structured observations were used to collect data from the identified waste dumping spots. The primary data collected involved the characterization of waste streams, estimation of distances between dumping spots, water sources, and the types of houses located within dumped areas. The results revealed that both hazardous and general waste streams are dumped in residential areas of Lekwa Local Municipality. The close proximities of the dumps to houses and water sources represented the potential exposure probabilities of environmental health to hazards generated by the waste streams. The relationship between the types of housing structures presents a socio-economic dimension of indiscriminate dumping and human behaviour. The study also observed a high presence of mixed materials in the waste streams, with high opportunities for developing a secondary resource economy in the study area. The probabilities of human exposure to the identified hazards through water, air and soil to these hazards via oral, dermal and skin routes highlight the high environmental health risk potential to the local and downstream communities. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 81-87 Issue: 1 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1818919 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1818919 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:1:p:81-87 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1838111_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Uchele Okpanachi Author-X-Name-First: Uchele Author-X-Name-Last: Okpanachi Author-Name: Khalid Aliyu Yusuf Author-X-Name-First: Khalid Aliyu Author-X-Name-Last: Yusuf Author-Name: Maryann Kehinde Ikubaje Author-X-Name-First: Maryann Kehinde Author-X-Name-Last: Ikubaje Author-Name: Gift Cincin Amaje Okpanachi Author-X-Name-First: Gift Cincin Amaje Author-X-Name-Last: Okpanachi Title: Effects of egg shell meal on the performance and haematology of layers and their egg quality Abstract: In an attempt to achieve Sustainable Development Goals numbers one and two, eggshell meal was incorporated into layers diets to replace bone meal. Seventy-two point of lay birds were utilized in a nine-week experiment. Four experimental diets were formulated consisting of graded levels of bone meal (BM) and egg shell meal (ESM) which were coded as; T1 (3%BM: 0%ESM), T2 (2%BM: 1%ESM), T3 (1%BM: 2%ESM), and T4 (0%BM: 3% ESM). Three replicates with six birds per replicate in a completely randomized design were used. Total egg weight, average egg weight, egg mass and feed conversion were significantly affected (P < 0.05) by the inclusion of ESM and BM. Birds on T4 recorded the significantly highest values for these parameters. Yolk width, albumen weight, egg weight and eggshell weight significantly (P < 0.05) increased with an increase in ESM, with eggs obtained from T4 having the highest values. From this study, complete replacement of bone meal with eggshell meal in the diet of layers, i.e. T4, gave the overall best results. It is recommended that farmers replace bone meal with egg shell meal as a major source of dietary calcium and phosphorus for laying birds. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 89-96 Issue: 1 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1838111 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1838111 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:1:p:89-96 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1838112_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Richie I. Umasabor Author-X-Name-First: Richie I. Author-X-Name-Last: Umasabor Title: Evaluation of temperature effects on grade 20 concrete using response surface methodology Abstract: This paper examined the evaluation of temperature effects on grade 20 concrete using response surface methodology. An experimental research design was adopted, which produced fifty-one (51) concrete specimens. The specimens were cured and tested at 7, 18, and 28 days, respectively. The specimens were exposed to temperatures of 20°C, 70°C, and 120°C for 1 h in an electric furnace, after the stipulated curing days. The results revealed the concrete compressive strength percentage loss at 70°C as 7.94% and at 120°C, the percentage loss as 16.5% when compared to the control’s compressive strength at 28 days curing duration. The ANOVA gave an F-value of 47.17 which was statistically significant and signifies that the quadratic model can predict the residual compressive strength of the concrete exposed to temperatures. It is thus concluded that temperature can affect concrete compressive strength negatively. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 97-100 Issue: 1 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1838112 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1838112 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:1:p:97-100 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1791385_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Michael Oyakhilome Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Oyakhilome Author-Name: Kazeem B. Adedeji Author-X-Name-First: Kazeem B. Author-X-Name-Last: Adedeji Title: The impact of cell selection on the energy efficiency of heterogeneous networks Abstract: The growth of the information, communication and telecommunication (ICT) industry is on the ascendancy. The proliferation of mobile devices and other web-based applications has compelled ICT industries to deploy more resource towards capacity expansion and improved quality of service. This singular act has triggered an upsurge in both energy consumption and carbon emission within the mobile cellular industry. As a result, current research efforts within the mobile wireless network are tailored towards improving the energy efficiency of network components and systems. One promising solution comes through the deployment of a heterogeneous network. In this work, the impact of cell selection techniques on the overall network performance of a heterogeneous network is investigated. The overall simulation results reveal that efficient cell selection influences a better performance in energy efficiency and area energy efficiency of such a network. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 101-108 Issue: 1 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1791385 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1791385 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:1:p:101-108 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1638586_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Richard Shambare Author-X-Name-First: Richard Author-X-Name-Last: Shambare Title: Presenting a PhD research proposal: A guide for commerce students Abstract: This paper provides commerce PhD students with advice on how to structure research proposals. In particular, the paper addresses the question: How should a PhD candidate in entrepreneurship (or another commerce discipline) present a research proposal? The paper guides students through the various stages of proposal writing. Firstly, the fundamental aspects of business research and their implications on postgraduate research proposals are discussed. Secondly, the focus of the paper turns to presenting some common proposal evaluation criteria used. Thirdly, the structure and components of a proposal are explained and specific guidance on how to present each component of the proposal is provided. The paper concludes by discussing technical aspects of academic writing including language, references and plagiarism. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 109-123 Issue: 1 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1638586 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1638586 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:1:p:109-123 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1765479_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Tarisai Kudakwashe Manyati Author-X-Name-First: Tarisai Kudakwashe Author-X-Name-Last: Manyati Author-Name: Morgen Mutsau Author-X-Name-First: Morgen Author-X-Name-Last: Mutsau Title: A systematic review of the factors that hinder the scale up of mobile health technologies in antenatal care programmes in sub-Saharan Africa Abstract: Background: There is weak evidence on the sustainability of mobile Health (mHealth) interventions in antenatal care programmes in sub-Saharan Africa. This study reviews the factors that hinder the scale up of mobile (mHealth) technologies in antenatal care programmes in sub-Saharan Africa.Methods: Using PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Science Direct a systematic review was conducted during the period July–October 2018 of peer-reviewed literature on mHealth innovations in antenatal care programmes in sub-Saharan Africa. Two review authors independently assessed all studies against the inclusion criteria.Results: The searches identified a total of 144 resources for screening, of which 15 articles met the inclusion criteria.Conclusion: The absence of robust data to support a scale up to sustainability, such as costing and cost-effectiveness data, has hindered a transition beyond the pilot phase and for achieving economies of scale. Limited experience with mHealth technologies in landlocked and underdeveloped countries such as South Sudan, Rwanda and Somalia has also slowed down scale up. Low mobile penetration and high cell phone rates has rendered the scale up of mHealth interventions unsustainable. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 125-131 Issue: 1 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1765479 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1765479 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:1:p:125-131 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1624008_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Walter Matli Author-X-Name-First: Walter Author-X-Name-Last: Matli Author-Name: Mpho Ngoepe Author-X-Name-First: Mpho Author-X-Name-Last: Ngoepe Title: Capitalizing on digital literacy skills for capacity development of people who are not in education, employment or training in South Africa Abstract: Most people from rural and township areas in South Africa do not have skills in utilizing information and communication technology (ICT), particularly those who are not in education, employment or training (NEET). Addressing the gap of ICT skills is one of the fundamental options to grow and develop the capacity of people to effectively participate in economic activities. The general objective of this qualitative study was to explore how digital literacy skills can advance the lives of people currently searching for employment. Data were obtained using semi-structured interviews with participants who were not employed and with diverse school backgrounds. The results indicate a need to strengthen existing digital literacy programmes for NEET people. Most of the interviewed NEET people experienced challenges when seeking work on digital platforms, because they are not skilled in digital literacy. Analysis of the data from interview transcripts revealed that there is an array of challenges which prevent NEET people from efficiently using ICTs when searching for work opportunities. These include the high cost of Internet connections and the lack of knowledge of how to use these digital platforms. The study concludes that digital literacy is one of the skills which remains critical for work seekers to increase their chances of achieving continuous work opportunities, and eventually obtain employment or become employers themselves. It is hoped that this study will contribute to the continuous discussions about the lack of digital literacy skills among young people who are economically inactive. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 129-139 Issue: 2 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1624008 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1624008 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:2:p:129-139 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1634899_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Chris William Callaghan Author-X-Name-First: Chris William Author-X-Name-Last: Callaghan Title: The ‘death of innovation’ paradox, R&D and the scientific potential of crowdsourcing Abstract: Certain scholars have highlighted decreasing returns to investment in research, or research and development (R&D), as well as a lack of growth in patent numbers, in that these do not match increased research employment over time. Certain theories that contest these declining returns to R&D, or the ‘death of innovation’ hypothesis, such as endogenous growth theory, suffer from the fact that their related frameworks also allow for models with no scale effects. The purpose of this conceptual paper is to provide a critical review of literature that explains why scale effects in R&D are possible, and to present an argument that crowdsourcing may be key to achieving these scale effects in R&D. This conceptual review article takes a theory building approach, seeking to incorporate Weitzman’s theory of recombinant innovation into a broad framework of theoretical literature that explains ‘why’ crowdsourced and open R&D are achieving improved economies of scope and scale. Conceptual findings provide useful insights into how time and cost constraints to the R&D process might be reduced through the use of crowdsourcing as a scientific method. This paper provides important insights for those seeking to keep abreast of novel developments in theory which explain how to capture potential cost savings and quality enhancements in the research process. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 141-150 Issue: 2 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1634899 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1634899 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:2:p:141-150 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1624009_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Roberto Mavilia Author-X-Name-First: Roberto Author-X-Name-Last: Mavilia Author-Name: Roberta Pisani Author-X-Name-First: Roberta Author-X-Name-Last: Pisani Title: Blockchain and catching-up in developing countries: The case of financial inclusion in Africa Abstract: Blockchain technology, born as a tool to support Bitcoins (the most popular and controversial cryptocurrency in the world) has set itself in a very short time as a disruptive technology able not only to revolutionize existing businesses but also to create new ones. This work illustrates the main characteristics of the blockchain and its functioning, and then focuses on the potential applications that can be implemented for developing countries. More specifically, the work, considers the case of financial inclusion in Africa, on the basis of the Global Findex 2017 data, the World Bank Survey on financial inclusion. The empirical analysis identifies the weaknesses in the current financial system in Africa and constitues the basis to discuss potential blockchain solutions to reduce the current level of financial exclusion and pursue sustainable development for African countries. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 151-163 Issue: 2 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1624009 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1624009 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:2:p:151-163 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1624311_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Olayinka Akanle Author-X-Name-First: Olayinka Author-X-Name-Last: Akanle Author-Name: Abraham Omotayo Author-X-Name-First: Abraham Author-X-Name-Last: Omotayo Title: Youth, unemployment and incubation hubs in Southwest Nigeria Abstract: Unemployment is a social problem that affects a large percentage of Nigerians, directly and indirectly. It can lead to an increase in poverty in the country. Nigeria is a densely populated nation, with youths making up the largest share of the population and with an alarming number of them unemployed. Several avenues have been established to help solve the problem of unemployment, the creation of incubation hubs being one of them. Incubation hub spaces provide domicile startups various types of support in order to aid their growth and development and, ultimately, help them solve social problems, create jobs and improve the lot of the nation at large. Incubation hub spaces, however, have not received much attention in the scholarly literature as pertains to job creation and youth unemployment in Nigeria. Through comprehensive qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis, this article explores the subject in southwest Nigeria. Research questions this article answers include: What are incubation hubs? How have they developed in Nigeria? How do youths benefit from their existence? What is the impact of this general benefit for youths and the state of unemployment in the nation? This article makes a significant contribution to knowledge about incubation hub spaces and their impact on youth unemployment as there is a dearth of work on this specific area. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 165-172 Issue: 2 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1624311 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1624311 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:2:p:165-172 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1624312_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: George Abuchi Agwu Author-X-Name-First: George Abuchi Author-X-Name-Last: Agwu Author-Name: Tobechi Agbanike Author-X-Name-First: Tobechi Author-X-Name-Last: Agbanike Author-Name: Nkechinyere Uwajumogu Author-X-Name-First: Nkechinyere Author-X-Name-Last: Uwajumogu Author-Name: R. Anuli Ogbuagu Author-X-Name-First: R. Anuli Author-X-Name-Last: Ogbuagu Title: How do firms combine different types of innovation? A multivariate probit approach Abstract: When previous studies relate innovation behaviours to firm heterogeneity, they consider mainly product and process innovations. In this paper, we consider a wider range of types of innovation that firms could combine to form different innovation strategies. Using the multivariate probit model, we analyze the selection of heterogeneous firms into different innovation strategies. This model allows the joint modelling of the correlated innovation choices and, in addition, dispels any judgemental prescription of firms’ innovation behaviours. In the work, we contribute to the debate on the complementarity/substitutability relationships between types of innovation. Our results show that different characteristics of the firm influence the innovation strategies of the firm and that firms prefer to complement innovations rather than substitute them, but heterogeneities were observed. We recommend the inclusion of all innovation types available to the firm in the analysis of firms’ innovation behaviours in order to obtain a complete description. Furthermore, as our sample covers 13 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, we are the first to provide a snapshot of innovation behaviours of firms operating in Africa and, in addition, show that there are no inter-country differences in innovation tendencies of firms in the region. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 173-185 Issue: 2 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1624312 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1624312 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:2:p:173-185 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1625583_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Matthew Kwaw Somiah Author-X-Name-First: Matthew Kwaw Author-X-Name-Last: Somiah Author-Name: Clinton Ohis Aigbavboa Author-X-Name-First: Clinton Ohis Author-X-Name-Last: Aigbavboa Author-Name: Wellington Didibhuku Thwala Author-X-Name-First: Wellington Didibhuku Author-X-Name-Last: Thwala Title: Critical success factors militating against competitive advantage of indigenous construction firms in developing countries Abstract: Though a plethora of studies has suggested indigenous construction firms in developing countries are competitively disadvantaged and risk being marginalized in the competition posed by their foreign counterparts, little is known of studies that empirically investigate the critical success factors militating against indigenous construction firms’ competitive advantage in developing countries to adduce empirical findings towards policy direction and formulation. Thus, this paper seeks to determine the critical success factors militating against competitive advantage of indigenous construction firms in developing countries using Ghana as a case study and suggest measures to curb them. The use of principal component analysis, varimax rotation in data analysis aided in reducing the large set of militating factors to four principal factors. Using a questionnaire survey, 667 respondents were invited to rate the 21 militating factors identified from literature based on their knowledge and experience. The correlations between the 21 variables showed that four key components underpinned the critical success factors militating against competitive advantage of indigenous construction firms in developing countries, namely market, firms’ internal, government and technology factors. Findings and recommendations of this study may be useful to construction stakeholders who are seeking innovative ways to enhance indigenous firms’ competitive advantage and policy direction. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 187-194 Issue: 2 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1625583 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1625583 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:2:p:187-194 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1625591_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Candice Louw Author-X-Name-First: Candice Author-X-Name-Last: Louw Author-Name: Cecile Nieuwenhuizen Author-X-Name-First: Cecile Author-X-Name-Last: Nieuwenhuizen Title: Digitalization strategies for SMEs: A cost vs. skill approach for website development Abstract: In the age of the digital revolution, websites are a critical component in establishing an online organizational presence. The main aim of this paper is to deliver a model that may provide guidelines, specifically for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), including those in resource-scarce contexts, in determining the most viable strategy for setting up and managing their own website. The deliverance of the Combined Cost and Technical Skill Model for Website Development contributes not only to the theory on web development, but also offers guidance to SMEs with planning their web development strategies, specifically when taking into account the core components of cost and technical skills in resource-scarce contexts. This, in turn, may assist SMEs with increasing their online presence maturity, possibly also allowing them to compete with larger organizations at an international scale. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 195-202 Issue: 2 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1625591 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1625591 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:2:p:195-202 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1631120_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Wanjiru Gachie Author-X-Name-First: Wanjiru Author-X-Name-Last: Gachie Title: Higher education institutions, private sector and government collaboration for innovation within the framework of the Triple Helix Model Abstract: This research aims at contributing to a broader comprehension of the nature of the Triple Helix Model within the National System of Innovation. The research hence undertakes an exploration and explanation of the nature of existing or absence thereof of the collaboration among higher education institutions (HEIs), the industrial sector and the government in stimulating innovation. The literature review provides a landscape of the Model, which is crucial in comprehending the relationship of Triple Helix network actors, as a basis for formulating a new framework for strengthening the Model. Therefore, this article explores the current state of the Triple Helix Model and its potential weaknesses and proposes corrective action for the legitimatization of a new framework in an authentic environment. The pragmatic research design provides the basis for undertaking a desktop literature review followed by a mixed-research approach comprising questionnaires followed by interviews. The research methodology provided an overview on the research design, types of data collected, sampling issues, and relevant and ethical considerations.This research recommends that the government’s role within the Model should be defined. The research also highlights that collaboration between HEIs and the private sector should be strengthened by applying the proposed new framework. The recommendations inter alia propose that improving research commercialization should be high on the Triple Helix policy agenda as well as the consistent re-aligning and repositioning of the Model’s strategy to meet the changing needs and patterns of network actors. However, this can only occur among knowledgeable network actors. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 203-215 Issue: 2 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1631120 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1631120 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:2:p:203-215 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1633096_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Sunday Adewale Olaleye Author-X-Name-First: Sunday Adewale Author-X-Name-Last: Olaleye Author-Name: Ismaila Temitayo Sanusi Author-X-Name-First: Ismaila Temitayo Author-X-Name-Last: Sanusi Author-Name: Fanning Stephen Mark Author-X-Name-First: Fanning Stephen Author-X-Name-Last: Mark Author-Name: Jari Salo Author-X-Name-First: Jari Author-X-Name-Last: Salo Title: Customers' loyalty to tablet commerce in Nigeria Abstract: Consumers' use of a variety of devices, for example desktops, laptops, tablets, and/or smartphones to conduct intelligent site searches, is advancing mobile commerce. Consumers' choice of devices to use depends largely on their perceptions of value. Given the importance of human, cultural and personal values, this study purposefully selected Nigerian tablet consumers to better understand the factors that impact on the adoption of mobile and tablet commerce in a developing economy. A paper survey was administered to the academic community in Nigeria with (n = 312) responses. To measure the hypothesized latent constructs through the indicators that represent each of the underlying constructs, the authors embarked on three steps: a confirmatory factor analysis, partial least squares-structural equation modelling and probing the tablet commerce structural relationship by running a bootstrapping. This study filled a vacuum in the existing studies in developing countries by taking into cognizance the prominent status of mobile devices, especially tablets. Further, this study integrates the theory of trust, privacy, reputation, ease of use, and loyalty with gender moderation. The study also gives future direction to tablet commerce practitioners. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 217-229 Issue: 2 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1633096 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1633096 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:2:p:217-229 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1633097_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Vanessa Casadella Author-X-Name-First: Vanessa Author-X-Name-Last: Casadella Author-Name: Rédha Younes Bouacida Author-X-Name-First: Rédha Author-X-Name-Last: Younes Bouacida Title: The primacy of innovation capacities in the NIS of the Maghreb countries: An analysis in terms of learning capacity in Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria Abstract: The building of innovative capacities has become essential in the objectives of development and economic growth. While there has been a lot of literature on the construction and analysis of innovation systems in the Maghreb economies, it is less common to focus attention on the importance of innovation capacities and more particularly on learning capacities. Assuming that these are prerequisites of National Innovation Systems (NIS) of developing countries, we will identify, after definition, these capacities in three Maghreb economies (Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia) by recommending why they are particularly important in the construction of National Innovation Systems of the South. Based on a top-down approach, our results show the importance of education, training and skills building as milestones of the NIS of the Maghreb countries. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 231-242 Issue: 2 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1633097 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1633097 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:2:p:231-242 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1634318_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Moses Kumi Asamoah Author-X-Name-First: Moses Kumi Author-X-Name-Last: Asamoah Title: Reflections and refractions on Sakai/Moodle learning management system in developing countries: A case of Ghanaian universities’ demand and supply perspective analyses Abstract: Technological advancement has revolutionized teaching and learning in the twenty-first century. However, the full benefits are yet to be realized and clearly understood due to user experience data paucity, especially in developing countries. This study delves into the issue from both the demand and supply perspectives. The demand-side analysis interrogated students’ perceptions of the tonic and toxic facets of using the Sakai/Moodle learning management system, while supply-side analysis explored the perceived roles of university lecturers and university authorities in embedding this new culture in Ghana. Using a mixed-methods approach, two universities in Ghana were selected to serve as focal organizations. Long interviews with graduate students provided the qualitative data, while a survey of under-graduate students yielded the quantitative data. Triangulation revealed that despite nascent challenges, students found LMS to be useful in learning, and that lecturers and school authorities played pivotal roles in routinizing learning management systems (LMS) in Ghana. Mode of study, students’ gender, age and perceptions of the advantages and disadvantages of using ICT for teaching and learning as well as the role of lecturers and university authorities in enhancing the quality and sustainable use of LMS for teaching and learning in Ghana were found. The findings suggest that universities stand to benefit from the adoption and use of educational technologies for teaching and learning. Universities ought to consider the varied cognitions, affect and perspectives of students on teaching and learning technologies, when designing relevant policies that support the employment of ICT-enabled educational practice. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 243-259 Issue: 2 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1634318 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1634318 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:2:p:243-259 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_833378_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Dong Wu Author-X-Name-First: Dong Author-X-Name-Last: Wu Title: Notes from the Editor: Inclusive Development and Africa Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 443-444 Issue: 6 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.833378 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.833378 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:6:p:443-444 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_820439_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Michael O.S. Afolabi Author-X-Name-First: Michael O.S. Author-X-Name-Last: Afolabi Title: A Disruptive Innovation Model for Indigenous Medicine Research: A Nigerian Perspective Abstract: Non-availability of affordable medicines remains a recurring theme in the healthcare sector of countries in the South where it hampers drug compliance and creates an ambience for continued morbidity and mortality. Countries in sub-Saharan Africa have attempted to remedy this situation via developing drugs from indigenous pharmacopeia; however, their efforts have yielded only a collection of one-off success stories due to a prevailing climate of economic, infrastructural and technological constraints. Using Nigeria as a case example, this paper argues that the core issues plaguing pharmaceutical innovation in developing countries go beyond existing constraints but revolve around an inability to evolve viable frameworks vis-à-vis scientific validation as well as failure on the part of researchers (in the course of conducting their research) and policy makers (in formulating and implementing drug-related policies) to reckon with the local reality. On this note, this paper explores a disruptive innovational framework (DIM) for stimulating extant and novel drug development based on phytomedicinal epistemic currents. Ultimately, this would be helpful in distinguishing the good from the ugly, extricating the rational from the bulk of the irrational, preserving the useful and discarding the completely useless amidst indigenous medicinal knowledge. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 445-457 Issue: 6 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.820439 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.820439 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:6:p:445-457 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_820441_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Shakespear Mudombi Author-X-Name-First: Shakespear Author-X-Name-Last: Mudombi Title: Adoption of Agricultural Innovations: The Case of Improved Sweet Potato in Wedza Community of Zimbabwe Abstract: The smallholder farming sector plays an important role in agricultural production. However this sector is constrained by vulnerability to climatic variations, inadequate access to farming inputs, inappropriate technologies and limited access to markets. There have been concerted efforts by various stakeholders to introduce new technologies that will help improve the food security situation. This study analysed the adoption of the improved sweet potato using a Tobit regression model. The independent variables were socio-economic factors and farmers’ perception of the agronomic attributes. The socio-economic factors that were found to influence use-intensity and adoption probability were farmer training (for use-intensity only); participation in on-farm trials; irrigation use; farmer-to-farmer input exchange and extension. All significant socio-economic factors had a positive relationship with adoption. Perceptions of the following agronomic attributes were found to significantly influence adoption: drought resistance; maturation; storage performance; and multiplication and retention capacity. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 459-467 Issue: 6 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.820441 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.820441 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:6:p:459-467 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_820445_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mario Pansera Author-X-Name-First: Mario Author-X-Name-Last: Pansera Title: Frugality, Grassroots and Inclusiveness: New Challenges for Mainstream Innovation Theories Abstract: Intriguing and provocative concepts such as frugal innovation, Bottom of the Pyramid (BOP) innovation, empathetic innovation and inclusive innovation are attracting the attention of many scholars in emerging countries as well as raising concern in Western countries. These notions are often known as ‘below-the-radar innovations’. There are several reasons to believe that technical and social changes originating in the developing world will become major drivers of innovation in the near future. For those reasons, it is crucial to understand how innovation is planned, designed and deployed outside the comfortable territory of the Western paradigm. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the alternative innovation paradigms that are emerging in the developing world. This paper also aims to analyse the determinants and drivers that are at the base of below-the-radar innovation. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 469-478 Issue: 6 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.820445 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.820445 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:6:p:469-478 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_820449_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: F.D. Babalola Author-X-Name-First: F.D. Author-X-Name-Last: Babalola Author-Name: T.I. Borokini Author-X-Name-First: T.I. Author-X-Name-Last: Borokini Author-Name: A.O. Onefeli Author-X-Name-First: A.O. Author-X-Name-Last: Onefeli Author-Name: M. Muchie Author-X-Name-First: M. Author-X-Name-Last: Muchie Title: Socio-Economic Contributions of an Indigenous Tree in Urban Areas of Southwest Nigeria Abstract: Indigenous trees have been discovered to be disappearing from urban areas at alarming rates, and the contributions of the existing trees are not adequately documented. Milicia excelsa is an indigenous trees species in tropical Africa and popularly known as Iroko. Due to extensive exploitation for wood production and other socio-economic activities, the tree species is classified as threatened and relics could only be found in a few locations. A survey of the trees in the city of Ibadan was therefore carried out to determine their distribution as well as their socio-economic contributions to the urban people. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to the people living close to the trees or working in the locations where the trees are sighted to determine the socio-economic benefits. A total of 65 trees (0.14 trees/km2) of M. excelsa were sighted. As observed in the city, the benefits of the tree species were categorized as: environmental, medicinal, economic, spiritual and ecological services. Provision of shade that creates a ‘microclimatic environment’ in the form of cooling effects from the heat of the day was mentioned by about 95% of the respondents as the major benefit obtained from the trees. A strategy for the conservation of the trees as urban trees and their protection against damage to life and property are considered imperative. There is also a need for an appropriate policy that protects indiscriminate felling of indigenous trees in the city and constant monitoring of the trees' status for any sign of weakness. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 479-489 Issue: 6 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.820449 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.820449 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:6:p:479-489 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_820454_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Aggrey Niringiye Author-X-Name-First: Aggrey Author-X-Name-Last: Niringiye Author-Name: Eria Hisali Author-X-Name-First: Eria Author-X-Name-Last: Hisali Title: Innovation and Growth in Ugandan Manufacturing Firms Abstract: The aim of this study was to establish the effects of innovation on the growth of Ugandan manufacturing firms' using pseudo panel data. Little is known about the relationship between innovation and firm growth in Sub-Saharan African countries. This study adopts Gibrat's Law of Proportionate Effect and a learning model by Jovanovic (with some modifications) to analyse the relationship between innovation and firm growth in Uganda. Descriptive results show that innovative firms, as measured by computer usage and purchase of new machinery, compared to non-innovative firms on average grow faster. However, regression results showed that there is no significant difference between the growth rates of innovative and non-innovative firms. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 491-498 Issue: 6 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.820454 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.820454 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:6:p:491-498 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_820456_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Judith Fessehaie Author-X-Name-First: Judith Author-X-Name-Last: Fessehaie Title: The Impact of Privatisation on Technological Upgrading: A Case Study Abstract: This paper investigates the trajectory of Zambia's local supply chain to the copper mining sector. The policies adopted in the 1990s under the Structural Adjustment Programme succeeded in attracting much-needed foreign direct investment (FDI) to the mining sector. Nevertheless, state withdrawal from industrial policies aimed at correcting market failures meant that supply firms were no longer supported in developing technological capabilities, and accessing skills and capital. This, in turn, had a negative impact on the level of value-addition undertaken by local suppliers. Therefore, after privatisation, value chain governance became critical in supporting supply firms' upgrading. Drawing on firm-level data, this paper analyses the role of firm ownership and value chain governance in shaping local upgrading trajectories. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 499-509 Issue: 6 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.820456 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.820456 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:6:p:499-509 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_796741_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Oluseye O. Jegede Author-X-Name-First: Oluseye O. Author-X-Name-Last: Jegede Author-Name: Blessing F. Ojo Author-X-Name-First: Blessing F. Author-X-Name-Last: Ojo Title: Science and Technology Activities in the Emerging Economies: Options for Nigeria1 Abstract: This study identifies how two emerging economies developed science and technology capabilities through science and technology (S&T) education/training, research and experimental development. This was done in order to recommend policy options for Nigeria for the development of its industrial sector and improvement of its global competitiveness. The study used secondary data sources. Data were sourced from different published sources, the Internet and company records. Two Asian countries (China and South Korea) were purposively selected for this study due to their global contribution in the areas of electronics and semiconductors, coupled with their volume of exports. The study showed that China acquired S&T knowledge mainly through research and experimental development. This was achieved by increasing the amount of GDP allocated to R&D by 87.5% within 17 years to overtake the USA, Japan and South Korea. Also, within this period, China grew their scientific and technological research output by 16.5% annually. China's science and technology education/training approach increased its annual doctorate degree holders by 18.7%, above Japan (2.9%), Germany (1.0%) and the USA (0.4%); this was achieved by sponsoring a large number of PhD students in the USA within this reference period. About the same time, China increased the percentage of GNP allocated to S&T education between 1975 and 1990 from 2.2% and to 4.5% between 1975 and 1985; this made China's economy grow by 9% between 1979 and 1990 and by 12% between 1990 and 2010. These efforts, amongst others, made China the world's second largest economy with 8.5% of the world's GDP and the highest contributor to world growth, closely followed by the USA, India, Korea and Brazil. South Korea, on the other hand, developed their S&T knowledge through research and experimental development skills but indigenously by initiating, imitating, improving and innovating on knowledge from external sources. This strategy worked so well that Korean firms overtook their pioneers in the USA and Japan within 12 years in the semiconductor industry. Samsung (a Korean company) exceeded Sony (a Japanese company) in 2005 to become the world's largest producer of electronics, and surpassed Motorola in 2007 to become the world's second largest mobile phone maker. In 2009, Samsung became the world's largest technology company with sales of KRW139 trillion globally, thereby overtaking Hewlett-Packard (USA) and Siemens (Germany); while only joining the industry in the 1980s, Samsung concentrated efforts on R&D investments in electronics and building core competence in the semiconductor industry. In conclusion, the study found that Nigeria can adopt and adapt any combinations of these strategies. Though some of these strategies cannot be directly deployed in Nigeria due to the peculiarity of Nigeria, which is characterized by vision volatility which in turn aggravates policy precariousness. There are other potential limiting factors like social acceptability, limited infrastructure and poverty level that would influence which policy strategy fits well. The study ends by recommending strategic implications for practice by the industry while advising government on policy. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 511-518 Issue: 6 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.796741 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.796741 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:6:p:511-518 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_826777_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Marta Novick Author-X-Name-First: Marta Author-X-Name-Last: Novick Author-Name: Sebastian Rotondo Author-X-Name-First: Sebastian Author-X-Name-Last: Rotondo Author-Name: Gerardo Breard Author-X-Name-First: Gerardo Author-X-Name-Last: Breard Title: ICT Adoption, Capabilities Development and Innovation Processes in Argentina: An Employment Approach Abstract: The discussion on innovation and the adoption of new information and communication technologies (ICT) and their impact on economic growth and development have flared up in the past few years. This debate has become increasingly relevant mostly in emerging countries like Argentina, which, in spite of high economic growth rates in the last decade, has been facing the challenge of quality employment creation. This article analyzes the impact of the ICT diffusion process in Argentine companies from a firm-level employment and innovation capabilities development approach. Recent findings support the linkage between different firm level ICT adoption patterns and the development of innovation capabilities and employment dimensions, while capturing the heterogeneity of the productive structure. These results provide useful evidence to think and develop new productive and technological policies not only for Argentina, but also to the rest of Latin American countries and other emerging regions such as Africa. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 519-529 Issue: 6 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.826777 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.826777 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:6:p:519-529 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_827348_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Radhika Perrot Author-X-Name-First: Radhika Author-X-Name-Last: Perrot Author-Name: David Mosaka Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Mosaka Author-Name: Lefentse Nokaneng Author-X-Name-First: Lefentse Author-X-Name-Last: Nokaneng Author-Name: Rita Sikhondze Author-X-Name-First: Rita Author-X-Name-Last: Sikhondze Title: Government R&D Impact on the South African Macroeconomy Abstract: This article analyses the impact of government R&D on the macro-economy of South Africa. Most literature on the impact of R&D on the economy has been on advanced countries, where R&D expenditure as per cent of the GDP has been relatively high and stable for many years. The empirical estimates of the impact of R&D is based on the backward and forward linkages of a macro-economy using an Input–Output (IO) model, and explained within a national innovation system (NIS) perspective. Inputs include factors such as investment in human capital (education) and capacity building and emphasis on knowledge and technology acquisition, and the impact on the different sectors of the economy. Further, there are structural implications of the study, namely how R&D investments can result in the creation of new industries, job creation and improved national productivity. The largest indirect impact of R&D expenditure by public institutions and agencies is on community services, financial and businesses and manufacturing, in terms of employment and contribution to the country's GDP. Community services are impacted through the backward linkages derived from the expenditure by various research institutions on intermediate inputs such as water, electricity and health. Describing and quantifying the linkages between research, development and innovation and economic impacts provides a basis for a greater understanding of the value the economy and its sectors derive from R&D. The results of the analysis indicates that the real economic significance of R&D lies not in spending, but in the results achieved and is measured in terms of contribution to innovation as a key determinant of economic and social well-being, productivity, and growth and development. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 531-540 Issue: 6 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.827348 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.827348 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:6:p:531-540 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_871156_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: The Editors Title: The Making of Green Engineers: Sustainable Development and the Hybrid Imagination Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 541-542 Issue: 6 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.871156 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.871156 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:6:p:541-542 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1352158_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Pius Bamidele Mogaji Author-X-Name-First: Pius Bamidele Author-X-Name-Last: Mogaji Author-Name: Sesan Peter Ayodeji Author-X-Name-First: Sesan Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Ayodeji Author-Name: Ayodeji David Olatise Author-X-Name-First: Ayodeji David Author-X-Name-Last: Olatise Author-Name: Isiaka Oluwole Oladele Author-X-Name-First: Isiaka Oluwole Author-X-Name-Last: Oladele Title: Investigation of the properties and production of sawdust ceiling tile using polystyrene as a binder Abstract: In this research, a production and properties investigation of wood sawdust ceiling tile using polystyrene as a binder was carried out. The content by weight of the wood sawdust was 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% consisting of three composite samples for each of the six filler content percentages. The samples were prepared in accordance with the American Standard for Testing and Material (ASTM) for wear resistance, flexural and tensile properties as well as water resistance. From the results, it was observed that with the exception of the wear loss, 5% sample gave the best values next to the control sample in almost all the properties. For wear resistance, the value was 0.4568 g and was the sample with the best wear resistance. The result revealed that curing rate is highly influenced by the filler since it decreases as the filler content increases. Higher resistivity was recorded as the filler content increased and this may not be unconnected to the fact that air, being a poor conductor, is more in the composite where we have more filler content. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 655-659 Issue: 6 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1352158 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1352158 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:6:p:655-659 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1355432_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Janvier Domra Kana Author-X-Name-First: Janvier Domra Author-X-Name-Last: Kana Author-Name: Noël Djongyang Author-X-Name-First: Noël Author-X-Name-Last: Djongyang Author-Name: Danwé Raïdandi Author-X-Name-First: Danwé Author-X-Name-Last: Raïdandi Author-Name: Brandan Tito Ramadhan Author-X-Name-First: Brandan Tito Author-X-Name-Last: Ramadhan Title: Appraisal of geothermal resources and use in Cameroon Abstract: This paper deals with resources and opportunities of direct and indirect use of geothermal energy in Cameroon. Currently, no serious exploration and utilization of this resource exists. The primary form of utilization of geothermal energy is mainly condensation steam for drinkable water. Despite the availability and enormous potential in direct use applications, no use has been made of low enthalpy fluids. Several geothermal sites were identified using thermal methods. The results obtained from the geothermal gradient of Cameroon revealed the presence of temperatures able to produce electricity in the hottest spring of Woulndé (600°C). Other applications of geothermal energy in Cameroon are also discussed. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 661-667 Issue: 6 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1355432 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1355432 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:6:p:661-667 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1355585_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Christianah O. Ijagbemi Author-X-Name-First: Christianah O. Author-X-Name-Last: Ijagbemi Author-Name: Mukondeleli G. Kanakana Author-X-Name-First: Mukondeleli G. Author-X-Name-Last: Kanakana Author-Name: Harold M. Campbell Author-X-Name-First: Harold M. Author-X-Name-Last: Campbell Title: Interventions and pathways for South African women in engineering and the built environment professions Abstract: Women engineers are known to be very resourceful, result-oriented, committed and hardworking. The low participation of women in engineering and the built environment professions has been taking its toll on the economic and infrastructural development of South Africa. The practice of engineering, which is accepted universally to be the bedrock of development of any nation, would have been more profound in South Africa, particularly, in the area of service provision, if women had been encouraged to enter and were retained in engineering and built environment careers. This paper discusses interventions and pathways required for more representation, participation and retention of South African women in the professional practice of engineering and the built environment, for meaningful advancement of the nation technologically and economically. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 669-678 Issue: 6 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1355585 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1355585 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:6:p:669-678 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1355602_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Fannie Machete Author-X-Name-First: Fannie Author-X-Name-Last: Machete Title: Environmental health risks associated with e-waste exposure in Badplaas, Carolina and Elukwatini landfills, Republic of South Africa Abstract: A recent study identified a mixed stream of waste in Badplaas, Carolina and Elukwatini landfills. However, the risks associated with the situation in the three selected towns remains unknown. Thus, this paper fills this gap of qualitatively assessing the potential environmental health risks associated with specific waste streams identified. Secondly, there are no scientifically acceptable methods of assessing risks in unregulated landfills, given their irregular nature. This study attempts to adapt existing risk assessment methods towards standardizing a basic qualitative method that can be used to estimate potential risks that these facilities may pose to environmental health. Previous studies have found an association between human exposure to heavy metals and volatile organic compounds, and the prevalence of different cancers, birth defects and a number of mutagenic risks. This study identified e-waste as the common source of heavy metals and chlorinated organic compounds such as arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium and PCBs, which are carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic. Thus, through the use of the adapted risk assessment framework, data was collected through observations and interviews. The study confirms that communities in the study areas may be at risk of cancer, birth defects and mutagens associated with exposure to unregulated landfill hazards. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 679-684 Issue: 6 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1355602 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1355602 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:6:p:679-684 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1355603_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: J. W. Strydom Author-X-Name-First: J. W. Author-X-Name-Last: Strydom Title: Longevity of SMMEs in Soweto: Does marketing play a role? Abstract: Small businesses in South Africa are in a fight for survival. Fewer than 50% of all SMMEs survive for more than five years, this while government sees itself as the saviour and growth engine for creating jobs in the country. This research focuses on the longevity of SMMEs in the Soweto township and furthermore investigates whether the use of marketing plays a role in the success of these SMMEs. The research is descriptive in nature, using a quantitative survey and quota sampling technique. In total, 652 responses were received. Results indicate two key reasons for success of the SMMEs in this area: the successful differentiation of SMMEs from their competitors by means of marketing innovation and an intimate knowledge of their target market’s needs. The importance of the marketing function as a contributor to longevity is confirmed. Start-up SMMEs that did not follow a differentiation strategy and did not have good knowledge of their customers were found to be less marketing-oriented. This group was also less positive about their turnover performance, confirming that the utilisation of the marketing function remains of utmost importance for successful SMMEs located in this township. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 685-695 Issue: 6 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1355603 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1355603 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:6:p:685-695 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1358915_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Esther Gyedu-Akoto Author-X-Name-First: Esther Author-X-Name-Last: Gyedu-Akoto Author-Name: Frederick Amon-Armah Author-X-Name-First: Frederick Author-X-Name-Last: Amon-Armah Author-Name: Daniel Yabani Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Author-X-Name-Last: Yabani Title: Utilization of shea fruit to enhance food security and reduce poverty in Ghana Abstract: The shea tree grows extensively in the northern part of Ghana, which is known to be one of the poorest areas in the country. To help reduce poverty and enhance food security in this area, attempts were made to add value to shea fruit pulp and shea butter. Jam and wine were developed and produced from shea fruit pulp and these were analyzed for their physico-chemical constituents. Shea butter-based body lotion, pomade and soaps were developed and assessed for their quality and stability. Three of the products were produced on a pilot-scale to test the demand on the local market and analyze their economic viability. Fresh shea fruit pulp contained 226.25 ± 1.56 mg/100 g, 0.96 ± 0.06%, 1.09 ± 0.01% and 74.60 ± 4.22 mg/g phenols, fat, protein and sugar respectively. Jam and wine produced from the pulp, also found to contain appreciable amounts of protein, were also rich in minerals. Body lotion, pomade and soaps developed from shea butter were found to be stable and their qualities conformed to specifications of cosmetics in Ghana. Pilot-scale production of shea butter-based pomade, soft and liquid soaps showed that the quality of the products was accepted by consumers and they had the potential for commercial production. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 697-705 Issue: 6 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1358915 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1358915 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:6:p:697-705 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1359446_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mubita Kapui Author-X-Name-First: Mubita Author-X-Name-Last: Kapui Author-Name: Ramesh Kuppuswamy Author-X-Name-First: Ramesh Author-X-Name-Last: Kuppuswamy Title: Influence of electro-polishing characteristics on needle-tissue interaction forces Abstract: The electro-polishing process was applied to stainless steel 304 with the aim of improving its surface texture. The electrolyte was a mixture of H2O, H2SO4 (98%) and H3PO4 (85%) at a volume ratio of 2:3:5. Gravimetric analysis and stylus profilometry were used to analyze the samples. It was observed that the material removed during the electro-polishing process could be controlled to an error limit of 6%. The surfaces obtained showed improved cleanness and reduced surface roughness (Ra). Hypodermic needles were then electro-polished using the same parameters with the aim of reducing forces during needle insertion into tissue. The needle tips were analyzed using a SEM. The needles were tested using silicone phantoms as a tissue substitute. The forces during insertion were less for all the electro-polished needles, with the most consistent results obtained at a current density of 0.66 A/cm2. A theoretical model of the needle insertion forces at different insertion depths was developed. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 707-715 Issue: 6 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1359446 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1359446 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:6:p:707-715 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1380358_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Gideon Danso-Abbeam Author-X-Name-First: Gideon Author-X-Name-Last: Danso-Abbeam Author-Name: Lloyd J. S. Baiyegunhi Author-X-Name-First: Lloyd J. S. Author-X-Name-Last: Baiyegunhi Title: Adoption of agrochemical management practices among smallholder cocoa farmers in Ghana Abstract: This study explores smallholder cocoa farmers’ adoption decisions of agrochemical inputs in the Ghanaian cocoa industry using farm-level data collected from a sample of 838 farm households in four cocoa producing regions. Multivariate probit and Tobit models were used to examine the determinants of agrochemical inputs adoption and the extent of adoption, respectively. The result of the study showed that agrochemical management practices are complementary and thus the adoption of an agrochemical input is conditional on the adoption of others. Different household characteristics, household assets, institutional variables, and the perception of soil fertility status and the incidence of pests and diseases influence the adoption of individual agrochemical inputs. Furthermore, the result of the study showed that intensity (or extent) of agrochemical adoption (measured as farmers’ expenditure on agrochemicals) is also influenced by some socioeconomic and institutional variables such as extension services and farmers’ visits to demonstration farms. The implication of this result provides empirical guidelines necessary for farm-level programmes designed to improve adoption and intensity of adoption of agrochemical management practices in the Ghanaian cocoa sector. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 717-728 Issue: 6 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1380358 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1380358 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:6:p:717-728 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1163472_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Augustin K. N. Aoudji Author-X-Name-First: Augustin K. N. Author-X-Name-Last: Aoudji Author-Name: Carolle Avocevou-Ayisso Author-X-Name-First: Carolle Author-X-Name-Last: Avocevou-Ayisso Author-Name: Anselme Adégbidi Author-X-Name-First: Anselme Author-X-Name-Last: Adégbidi Author-Name: Cassien Gbénou Author-X-Name-First: Cassien Author-X-Name-Last: Gbénou Author-Name: Philippe Lebailly Author-X-Name-First: Philippe Author-X-Name-Last: Lebailly Title: Upgrading opportunities in agricultural value chains: Lessons from the analysis of the consumption of processed pineapple products in southern Benin Abstract: This study analyzed the consumption of processed pineapple products in southern Benin. The low processing of agricultural products does not enable sub-Saharan Africa to exploit the potential of agriculture for development. The objective of this paper was to identify upgrading opportunities in Benin’s pineapple value chain. A survey was carried out from December 2012 to February 2013 among 250 respondents randomly selected in five cities in southern Benin; and data were collected based on structured interviews. Dried pineapple, jam, syrup, juice, and cocktail were the processed pineapple products available on the market. Beverages, especially the juice, were the main processed pineapple products. The motivations driving the purchase of processed pineapple beverages by consumers were: competitive price and interest in local, natural and therapeutic beverages. The results indicate there is a margin for the value chain to upgrade products and services, and increase the price of pineapple-based products while staying competitive. A strong marketing and advertisement campaign is essential to support wider knowledge of processed pineapple products by consumers. Product traceability is a prerequisite for export in regional and international markets. This makes the certification of the value chain a critical issue. A joint action of value chain stakeholders is needed to exploit these opportunities. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 729-737 Issue: 6 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2016.1163472 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2016.1163472 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:6:p:729-737 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1367149_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Williams S. Ebhota Author-X-Name-First: Williams S. Author-X-Name-Last: Ebhota Author-Name: Freddie L. Inambao Author-X-Name-First: Freddie L. Author-X-Name-Last: Inambao Title: Functionally graded metal matrix composite by centrifugal casting technique mathematical correlation Abstract: The functionally graded materials (FGMs) solidification process has complicated movement phenomena of fluid, solute and heat. These phenomena control the segregation of particles in a molten matrix, interactions of particles with a solidification front and the integration of particles in the solidifying matrix. The desired particle distribution in a solidified component can be achieved by manipulating the time of solidification and this makes the study of particle motion during solidification important. This study involved analysis of particle/matrix configuration, solid/liquid interface shape within the vicinity of the particle, thermal conductivity and the pushing/engulfment transition. An overview of the mathematical models of centrifugal casting of FGMs is presented and these include forces acting on the particle; melt particle and solid/liquid interface forces; composite thermal conductivity; heat-transfer coefficient composites; volume fraction resolution; and, particle matrix field temperature configuration. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 739-748 Issue: 6 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1367149 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1367149 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:6:p:739-748 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1371271_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Thomas Munyai Author-X-Name-First: Thomas Author-X-Name-Last: Munyai Author-Name: Stephen Nyakala Author-X-Name-First: Stephen Author-X-Name-Last: Nyakala Author-Name: Charles Mbohwa Author-X-Name-First: Charles Author-X-Name-Last: Mbohwa Title: Knowledge transfer model for improving productivity of the cable manufacturing industry: A South African perspective Abstract: Industry is faced with increased challenges relating to transferring knowledge due to the complex nature of the manufacturing process. This paper is part of a comprehensive research study to develop a knowledge transfer model for improving productivity. Although knowledge management research generally flourishes, few investigations have been made into the transfer of knowledge in the cable industry. A questionnaire survey was therefore conducted with a total of 135 respondents. Taking the view that cable systems are a production processes, this paper develops a conceptual framework for improving the productivity rate, and affords a preliminary validation. Not much research has surveyed this concept of knowledge transfer in the manufacturing sector. The findings will therefore add to the existing body of knowledge and improve the productivity ratio in cable firms. The model suggests that management can create a working environment which promotes knowledge transfer which requires a large amount of interaction. In addition to this, future research can utilize the model to afford a wider-ranging depiction of the determinants of transferring knowledge. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 749-759 Issue: 6 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1371271 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1371271 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:6:p:749-759 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1380583_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Chigozie Damian Ezeonyejiaku Author-X-Name-First: Chigozie Damian Author-X-Name-Last: Ezeonyejiaku Author-Name: Maximilian Obinna Obiakor Author-X-Name-First: Maximilian Obinna Author-X-Name-Last: Obiakor Author-Name: Dymphna Javier Author-X-Name-First: Dymphna Author-X-Name-Last: Javier Author-Name: Ikem Innocent Ifedigbo Author-X-Name-First: Ikem Innocent Author-X-Name-Last: Ifedigbo Author-Name: Hamilton Chukwuebuka Obiakor Author-X-Name-First: Hamilton Chukwuebuka Author-X-Name-Last: Obiakor Title: The scale effect of economic development and freshwater quality in Nigeria: Environmental pollution of the Lower River Niger Basin Abstract: River Niger is the third-longest river in Africa and the longest river in West Africa. The river basin traverses West and Central African countries, and forms a coastal delta (in southern Nigeria) where it empties into the Atlantic Ocean. The River Niger Basin (RNB) is a crucial asset to development of the West and Central Africa subregions. The RNB ecosystem is currently under heavy degradation of its components due to mutually reinforcing unsustainable socioeconomic development and unregulated urbanization. However, there are limited studies on the pollution of the Lower RNB because of inadequate funding and infrastructure deficit, and existing studies are mainly on the stream tributaries. This paper reviews, for the first time, relevant studies on the Lower RNB and examines the current extent of knowledge regarding the environmental aquatic pollution. We discuss the relevant studies and provide information necessary for management of the basin area. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 761-784 Issue: 6 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1380583 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1380583 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:6:p:761-784 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1380584_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Kehinde Oluwaseun Omotoso Author-X-Name-First: Kehinde Oluwaseun Author-X-Name-Last: Omotoso Title: Informal waste recycling activities: Implications for livelihood and health Abstract: Informal waste recycling activities are fast becoming commonplace in most developing countries. Using South Africa as a case study, this study characterizes informal collection of recyclable waste materials. It also explores the roles of informal collection of recyclable waste materials on the livelihood and health status of those who are involved in the activities. The study uses population-weighted General Household Surveys (GHS) covering years 2005–2014. Both parametric and non-parametric regression techniques were applied. For the most part, the results show upward trends in the proportions of those involved in collection of recyclable waste materials at the household level, and those earning a living from informal collection of recyclable waste. However, those who collect recyclable waste for a living are 3% more likely to suffer ill-health than those who do not. Hence, there is need for pragmatic actions to improve the working conditions of those involved by integrating innovative measures into the informal waste recycling system. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 785-793 Issue: 6 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1380584 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1380584 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:6:p:785-793 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1385576_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Bibi. Z. Chummun Author-X-Name-First: Bibi. Z. Author-X-Name-Last: Chummun Title: An analysis of the development influences of the low-income cover market-end in South Africa Abstract: The National Treasury and Financial Services Board in 2011 highlighted the urgent need of an inclusive insurance sector for low-income households known as microinsurance. The ‘insurance gap’ representing many low-income earners who are still uninsured remains a challenge in South Africa. This study therefore analyses the factors affecting the low-income cover market-end development in South Africa. These factors and criteria were empirically validated and a structured questionnaire employed as measuring tools to determine microinsurance penetration influences. A total of 123 responses were analysed from a non-probability sampling of 200 insurance employees. The results show that none of the factors portrayed satisfaction with microinsurance penetration and all the mean values were below 60%. Therefore, business strategies must be employed for an inclusive microinsurance market. All the factors need managerial address. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 795-802 Issue: 6 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1385576 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1385576 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:6:p:795-802 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_940165_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Saradindu Bhaduri Author-X-Name-First: Saradindu Author-X-Name-Last: Bhaduri Title: Guest Editor's note Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 163-164 Issue: 3 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.940165 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.940165 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:3:p:163-164 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_940166_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: René Rivera-Huerta Author-X-Name-First: René Author-X-Name-Last: Rivera-Huerta Title: Rational agent-based understanding of the informal sector: A critical assessment Abstract: The main economic theories that have studied the informal sector have had little success in explaining the consistencies founded empirically and in proposing efficient policies to bring up to date the non-structured sector. This work proposes that more suitable theoretical analysis, which supports policies directed to encourage productivity in the informal sector, would emerge if new variables (such as institutional arrangements) were incorporated in the analysis and if some assumptions are modified – particularly those related to agent rationality – in the analysis of these social phenomenon. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 165-173 Issue: 3 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.940166 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.940166 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:3:p:165-173 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_940168_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Alexandra Luis Mhula Links Author-X-Name-First: Alexandra Luis Mhula Author-X-Name-Last: Links Author-Name: Tim Hart Author-X-Name-First: Tim Author-X-Name-Last: Hart Author-Name: Peter Jacobs Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Jacobs Title: The dynamics of local innovations among formal and informal enterprises: Stories from rural South Africa Abstract: Exploiting the developmental potential of innovation for marginalised communities requires a context-specific understanding of the features and mechanics of innovation. In this article we explore the nature of innovation with the aid of evidence collected from formal and informal enterprises in rural district municipalities (RDMs) in South Africa. It is a complex socio-economic space which invites rethinking of traditional notions of innovation: the rigid divide between formal and informal innovations, fluid spatial scales of innovation and interactions across actors and sectors. The findings contribute to our understanding of innovations, innovation activities and their place in our society by illustrating that narrow views about the origin and formality of innovators and innovations obscure the reality. Informal innovations occur within and are undertaken by actors in the so-called informal and formal sectors of the rural economy and, despite their location in different parts of the local economy and the possible differences in complexity of the outputs, the innovation characteristics are similar and resemble those of informal innovation. These findings identify four areas for policy action. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 175-184 Issue: 3 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.940168 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.940168 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:3:p:175-184 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_940169_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Kgabo Hector Ramoroka Author-X-Name-First: Kgabo Hector Author-X-Name-Last: Ramoroka Author-Name: Peter Jacobs Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Jacobs Author-Name: Hlokoma Mangqalaza Author-X-Name-First: Hlokoma Author-X-Name-Last: Mangqalaza Title: Actor networks and innovation activities among rural enterprises in a South African locality Abstract: Rural localities are often viewed as too remote, sparsely populated and poor in critical resources needed for them to be innovation hubs. This study contributes new evidence on how actor networks improve innovation performance among rural enterprises that are privately owned or are not-for-profit operators. We adopt an exploratory case study method to illustrate the channels of innovation know-how flows, the nature of actor networks, and their contribution to the ways in which new knowledge and practices promote or sustain local rural development.One key finding is that actor networks facilitate access to internal and external innovation know-how among rural enterprises. Another insight suggests that rural private and non-profit enterprises rely on face-to-face interactions with no contractual agreements. Furthermore, non-formal ways of sharing innovative ideas and practices frequently extend to rural actors who are considered to be outside a network. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 185-191 Issue: 3 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.940169 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.940169 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:3:p:185-191 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_940170_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Hemant Kumar Author-X-Name-First: Hemant Author-X-Name-Last: Kumar Title: Dynamic networks of grassroots innovators in India Abstract: ‘Grassroots innovations’ in India are receiving increasing attention from innovation scholars and policymakers alike. These innovations are individual or community efforts to solve the problems faced in one's daily life. Moreover, rather than responding to any ‘potential market’ demand, these efforts are often geared towards satisfying one's own innate psychological needs and fulfilment of the so-called ‘social duty’. The National Innovation Foundation (NIF) is working towards popularisation and diffusion of these innovations. Such policies have taken the form of various kinds of formal and informal networks involving innovation. Using primary and secondary data, we intend to study the relationships between various kinds of networks that innovators form at different stages of innovation. Results show that networks keep changing and have vital effects on the innovation in the informal sector. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 193-201 Issue: 3 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.940170 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.940170 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:3:p:193-201 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_940171_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Fayaz Ahmad Sheikh Author-X-Name-First: Fayaz Ahmad Author-X-Name-Last: Sheikh Title: Exploring informal sector community innovations and knowledge appropriation: A study of Kashmiri pashmina shawls Abstract: The informal sector has become an increasingly popular subject of study. This sector has been a prominent feature of the development landscape of many countries around the globe. It is increasingly becoming the major source of employment in third world countries and thus constitutes a significant and important portion of labour force. In spite of its bigger size and its contributions to the economy, however, the informal sector has been mainly looked at from the perspective of employment and its related areas. The other potential areas of this sector, such as knowledge generation mechanisms, appropriation, etc., have remained largely unexplored. Considering the significance of such innovations, this paper is a modest attempt to conceptualise ‘informal sector community innovations’. Specifically, this paper addresses the question: to what extent do ‘communities’ in the informal sector produce, manage, protect and share new knowledge. The focus of the paper, apart from conceptualising ‘community innovations’, is to explore various informal appropriation mechanisms used by different communities. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 203-212 Issue: 3 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.940171 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.940171 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:3:p:203-212 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_940167_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Radhika Krishnan Author-X-Name-First: Radhika Author-X-Name-Last: Krishnan Title: Rethinking technological choices and knowledge production in the mines and on the factory floor: Chhattisgarh Mukti Morcha's experiences in central India Abstract: This paper seeks to locate in the experiences of the Chhattisgarh Mukti Morcha, a workers’ collective in Central India, an alternative model of technological transfer. Responding to the proposal of large-scale mechanisation of the iron ore mines in Central India, the workers along with engineers who collaborated with them, evolved a counter proposal of ‘semi-mechanisation’ and in the process showed that the active involvement of workers can indeed prove a driver for technological change, and that workers need not be silent recipients of a ‘received’ technology unsuitable to them. As the users of technology struggle to transform their workspaces and working conditions, they also drive the ‘development’ of new technological choices and spawn innovation. This paper also takes note of the policy implications of a more interactive technological transfer model, and of the replacement in the industrial space of the culture of competition by a counter culture of cooperative creation between workers. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 213-221 Issue: 3 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.940167 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.940167 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:3:p:213-221 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_940172_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Franklin Obeng-Odoom Author-X-Name-First: Franklin Author-X-Name-Last: Obeng-Odoom Author-Name: Stephen Ameyaw Author-X-Name-First: Stephen Author-X-Name-Last: Ameyaw Title: A new informal economy in Africa: The case of Ghana Abstract: This paper reveals a new informal economy in Ghana, Africa – the ‘in formal informal economy’ – where the actors are highly educated and skilled, and neither migrants nor ‘dropouts’ from the formal sector. Cast in the same setting where the concept of the informal economy was born, this paper shows that there are informalisation dynamics and moments within the process of professionalisation. This informal economy is not only different from existing informal economies, it is also differentiated internally and externally – differentiated relative to existing informal economies and differentiated regarding its own sub-sectors. The paper shows that in addition to the cohort of informal workers who fail to get formal jobs because they are not qualified, there is a cohort of informal workers who fail to get formal jobs even though they are qualified. As a result, there is a segment of temporary informal workers who are educated and certified in a queue for formal jobs, but who are unlikely to obtain them because the ‘solution’ to their condition is simultaneously the cause of their experience. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 223-230 Issue: 3 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.940172 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.940172 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:3:p:223-230 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1954493_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Iwekumo Ebibofe Agbozu Author-X-Name-First: Iwekumo Ebibofe Author-X-Name-Last: Agbozu Author-Name: Osayomwanbor Ebenezer Oghama Author-X-Name-First: Osayomwanbor Ebenezer Author-X-Name-Last: Oghama Title: Spatial and diurnal distribution of carbon monoxide (CO) and its health and environmental implications in selected locations in the Niger Delta Area of Nigeria Abstract: Emission of carbon monoxide (CO) poses unprecedented risks in urban environments. Moreover, there has been a growing concern about the incidences of deaths arising from suffocation by CO fumes in Nigeria. Hence, this study attempts to evaluate the spatial and diurnal distribution of CO and its health and environmental implications in selected Niger Delta areas of Port Harcourt (Rivers State), Yenagoa (Bayelsa State) and Effurun-Warri (Delta State). MultiRAE PLUS and PCMM05 Pyle® Carbon Monoxide Meter were used for in situ measurement. Spatial distribution amongst all the sampling locations shows that Rumuola Junction in Port Harcourt (Rivers State) ranked the highest in CO concentration with a mean value of 120.6 ppm while DSC Roundabout in Effurun/Warri (Delta State) ranked the lowest with a mean value of 6.1 ppm. Diurnal variations in CO distribution were statistically significant (P < 0.05) only in Airport Road and PTI Junction (Effurun-Warri, Delta State), Berger Junction and Swali Market (Yenagoa, Bayelsa State) sampling locations. The observed concentrations were largely higher than the 10 ppm Federal Ministry of Environment limit for ambient air. The high emissions, accumulation and dispersion of CO were attributed to frequent traffic congestion and high vehicular traffic density, among others. It is recommended that road design and maintenance should be greatly improved across the Niger Delta to mitigate traffic emissions. In addition, the public transport system should be improved so as to encourage more patronage and reduce the number of private vehicles on roadways. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1327-1336 Issue: 5 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1954493 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1954493 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:5:p:1327-1336 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1943815_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Pascal Samfoga Doh Author-X-Name-First: Pascal Samfoga Author-X-Name-Last: Doh Author-Name: Jussi S. Jauhiainen Author-X-Name-First: Jussi S. Author-X-Name-Last: Jauhiainen Author-Name: Rosemond Boohene Author-X-Name-First: Rosemond Author-X-Name-Last: Boohene Title: The synergistic role of academic entrepreneurship patterns in entrepreneurial university transformation: Analysis across three African sub-regions Abstract: This study set out to establish entrepreneurship patterns in selected African universities and examine their potentials for institutional entrepreneurial transformation. The idea of the synergistic potential of entrepreneurship patterns with entrepreneurial university (EPU) concept influenced us. Our institutional sample comprised eight universities from three African sub-regions. We undertook document reviews, conducted forty-nine interviews and used content analysis. We found and established nine patterns, designed a holistic framework for the patterns and analyzed the dynamics and potentials. This synergistic approach, which is still marginal in the EPU literature, seemed truly relevant in the studied developing countries. Rather than borrowing pathways, the holistic framework addresses more effectively the different governance systems, meanings, resource mobilization processes, development contexts and business practices around the African universities. The framework constitutes a mirror, drawing board and director of attention and awareness for planning, analysis, review and funding of entrepreneurship in the studied countries. The article has practical implications for university managers who have the role to stimulate institution-wide entrepreneurship and make strategic choices. The article provides clear theoretical input to the higher education management literature, especially entrepreneurship management in developing countries which do not possess the institutional characteristics that have led to EPUs in higher-income countries. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1227-1239 Issue: 5 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1943815 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1943815 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:5:p:1227-1239 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1942411_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Joel Rumanyika Author-X-Name-First: Joel Author-X-Name-Last: Rumanyika Author-Name: Mikko Apiola Author-X-Name-First: Mikko Author-X-Name-Last: Apiola Author-Name: Nasibu Rajabu Mramba Author-X-Name-First: Nasibu Rajabu Author-X-Name-Last: Mramba Author-Name: Solomon Sunday Oyelere Author-X-Name-First: Solomon Sunday Author-X-Name-Last: Oyelere Author-Name: Matti Tedre Author-X-Name-First: Matti Author-X-Name-Last: Tedre Title: Design and development of Machinga mobile trading application: A participatory and design science research Abstract: In Tanzania, street traders face the challenge of limited markets caused by employing weak marketing and promotion strategies. This study developed a mobile application to solve the problem addressed using participatory design. Qualitative data were collected using focus group discussions and brainstorming from 80 respondents involving both street traders and customers in different workshops and meetings. Data were used for the design and development of the Machinga application. Furthermore, quantitative data for application evaluation were collected from 96 respondents using questionnaires. In addition, 20 interviews were conducted to validate the evaluation results. Thematic and descriptive analysis were performed for both qualitative and quantitative data. The results show that the mobile application has prospective features which solve the problem of limited markets in the street trading community. The application is perceived positively by end-users because of embracing their prior requirements and meeting the evaluation criteria of usefulness, ease-of-use, learnability, and user satisfaction. The study recommends further training of users to enable the application to attain its multiplier effect on the vast population. This study confirms the relevance of participatory design in ICT4D projects for informal workers as it allowed the involvement of end-users and reflected their voices in terms of the technology they desire. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1196-1214 Issue: 5 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1942411 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1942411 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:5:p:1196-1214 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1943606_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: S. Sarpaneswaran Author-X-Name-First: S. Author-X-Name-Last: Sarpaneswaran Author-Name: V. G. R. Chandran Author-X-Name-First: V. G. R. Author-X-Name-Last: Chandran Author-Name: Chubashini Suntharalingam Author-X-Name-First: Chubashini Author-X-Name-Last: Suntharalingam Author-Name: Boon-Kwee Ng Author-X-Name-First: Boon-Kwee Author-X-Name-Last: Ng Title: Surviving the storm: Synergistic partnership of knowledge management, marketing and innovation strategies in the cosmetic industry Abstract: This article aims to understand the business evolution and sustained survivability of Malaysian based-cosmetic firm, Pesona, for the past 20 years. The article provides constructive reflection in bridging theory and practice using a single case-study method to investigate the experiences and managerial decision rules of the owner of the cosmetic business within a real-life context. The narrative inquiry that we have adopted allows to focus on events, actions, processes, and happenings that matter for business survivability. The findings indicate various types of challenges within the cosmetic industry, faced resiliently by the owner of Pesona, namely sustaining market shares, highly dependable imported raw-materials, market uncertainty, international trade barriers and technology acquisitions. Likewise, marketing strategies and innovations in eliminating barriers and transforming challenges into opportunities are crucial. Along with these, knowledge management, networking and collaboration create the synergy to improve capabilities. More importantly, for micro and small businesses, these strategic capabilities are specifically led by the owners with passion and motivation. This case study is an inspirational asset for start-ups, SMEs and entrepreneurs as it offers valuable insights that can assist in building and sustaining businesses. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1215-1226 Issue: 5 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1943606 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1943606 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:5:p:1215-1226 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1947175_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Emmanuel Mulambya Author-X-Name-First: Emmanuel Author-X-Name-Last: Mulambya Author-Name: Hermien Zaaiman Author-X-Name-First: Hermien Author-X-Name-Last: Zaaiman Title: A literature- and senior stakeholder-informed model of southern African programme risk management challenges Abstract: Strategic capital infrastructure programmes are risky endeavours due to the complexity inherent in implementing and managing such large project-based programmes. Successful programmes demand well-developed skills in the under-researched and underdeveloped discipline of programme risk management. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore programme risk management challenges, as described in the literature and experienced in southern African programmes. The study was based on a literature review on programme risk management, followed by semi-structured interviews with southern African programme risk management stakeholders. A model was then created based on inductive thematic analysis of the study data, which provides a novel diagrammatic view of the relationship between programme risk management maturity, culture, and execution, thereby facilitating a holistic understanding of the corresponding management demands required for the successful delivery of large-scale programmes. The model and a study codebook provide a framework and a tool for (1) researchers to position and structure their research and (2) programme management stakeholders to analyze and assess their programme risk management practices. Our conclusions provide novel theoretical and practical insights into a field that is important for the southern African development agenda, where updated research-based knowledge is required to support the delivery of capital infrastructure programmes. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1274-1287 Issue: 5 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1947175 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1947175 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:5:p:1274-1287 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1950111_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Olawale R. Olaopa Author-X-Name-First: Olawale R. Author-X-Name-Last: Olaopa Author-Name: Oladiran A. Ayodele Author-X-Name-First: Oladiran A. Author-X-Name-Last: Ayodele Title: Building on the strengths of African indigenous knowledge and innovation (AIK&I) for sustainable development in Africa Abstract: The effective promotion or utilization of the ingenuity from African indigenous knowledge and innovation (AIK&I) has great potential for reducing some of Africa’s interrelated development challenges listed to be addressed in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Unfortunately, the concept of ‘sustainable development’ as construed in the SDGs does not seem to take into consideration the indigenous perspective to sustainable attainment of the listed goals in its agenda. This makes sustainability difficult. AIK&I, in spite of its immense value in ensuring sustainable development, its practice is faced with varied challenges especially in Africa. This paper, using exploratory, descriptive and historical method of analysis, aims to showcase some documented success story of AIK&I practices in strategic sectors across selected African countries’ economies, specifically their utility and significance in resources management, conservation, among others for sustainable development. This is with a view to showing its capacity for driving sustainable development and disabusing the widely held view and impression that Africans have not made any significant contribution to knowledge, history and civilization. It is also to provoke academic discourse and research on the best way to make IK practices more scientific and value free. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1313-1326 Issue: 5 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1950111 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1950111 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:5:p:1313-1326 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1945774_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Kassa Tarekegn Author-X-Name-First: Kassa Author-X-Name-Last: Tarekegn Author-Name: Yishak Shitaye Author-X-Name-First: Yishak Author-X-Name-Last: Shitaye Author-Name: Tesfaye Gafaro Author-X-Name-First: Tesfaye Author-X-Name-Last: Gafaro Title: Does Bonga sheep producers’ cooperative membership improve households’ income in southern Ethiopia? Abstract: Bonga sheep is one among the known indigenous sheep breeds in Ethiopia with a high rate of growth and weight gain under smallholder management. To enhance the sheep productivity, 16 Bonga sheep breed improvement cooperatives were established in Kaffa zone of southern Ethiopia. Even though the cooperatives bring success in terms of breed improvement and income generation, there’s no empirical evidence of this. Thus, this study was intended to identify factors affecting cooperative membership and estimate its impact on farmers’ income. To do this, data from 320 sampled households were collected by using multistage sampling techniques. For analysis, the endogenous switching regression (ESR) model was employed. The result of ESR estimation shows that the probability of farmers’ membership decision is decided by the number of sheep owned, extension contact, and proximity to a cooperative office. The model results further confirm that members get significantly better (34%) than if they had not been members and non-members would have even performed better (56%) than members if they had joined cooperatives. This suggests sheep breeding cooperatives are effective in improving the income of sheep producers. Thus, efforts need to be made to tackle factors that are impeding households’ cooperative participation. Further, strengthening of the existing cooperatives and establishment of additional cooperatives is suggested. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1253-1264 Issue: 5 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1945774 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1945774 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:5:p:1253-1264 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1937815_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ibrahim Osman Adam Author-X-Name-First: Ibrahim Osman Author-X-Name-Last: Adam Author-Name: Muftawu Dzang Alhassan Author-X-Name-First: Muftawu Author-X-Name-Last: Dzang Alhassan Title: The mediating role of ICT regulation on the effects of ICT access and ICT use on e-participation: Evidence from structural equation modelling and necessary condition analysis Abstract: Recently, governments have been using information and communication technologies (ICTs) to provide platforms for citizen engagement and involvement through e-participation. This paper aims to explore the drivers behind e-participation in a global context. The discourse on e-participation in the information systems literature has concentrated on how technology access generally serves as a factor of citizens’ e-participation. Specifically, ICT access and ICT usage have largely been examined as disparate critical success factors in e-participation even though ICT access and ICT usage are complementary factors whose presence are mutually exclusive in achieving effective e-participation. Relying on the technology-organization-environment (TOE) theory and secondary data for 121 countries for 2018, we adopt a multi-method approach by combining partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) and necessary condition analysis (NCA) to understand the direct effects of ICT access, ICT usage and ICT regulation on e-participation. We also explore the mediating effects of ICT regulation in driving ICT access and ICT usage towards citizen e-participation. Our results show that ICT usage and ICT regulation significantly contribute to e-participation. ICT regulation was found to significantly mediate the nexus between ICT usage and e-participation. From our combined use of PLS-SEM and NCA, we present how researchers and policymakers can identify the factors that are critical and can result in the best possible outcome. Our study contributes to extensions of the TOE theory by drawing on constructs from the theory to identify critical factors that determine e-participation in a global context. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1161-1172 Issue: 5 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1937815 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1937815 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:5:p:1161-1172 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1938797_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Theo Tsokota Author-X-Name-First: Theo Author-X-Name-Last: Tsokota Author-Name: Gilbert Mahlangu Author-X-Name-First: Gilbert Author-X-Name-Last: Mahlangu Author-Name: Muchaneta Enipha Muruko Author-X-Name-First: Muchaneta Enipha Author-X-Name-Last: Muruko Author-Name: Colletor Tendeukai Chipfumbu Kangara Author-X-Name-First: Colletor Tendeukai Chipfumbu Author-X-Name-Last: Kangara Title: Electronic customer relationship management framework for Game Parks in Zimbabwe Abstract: Electronic customer relationship management (e-CRM) is acknowledged today as an obligatory concept of customer relationship management in the world of services. However, there is a lack of any clear e-CRM framework for Game Parks in Zimbabwe. Consequently, this study’s primary objective is to address a gap existing in research to gain an appreciation of the underlying reasons affecting the adoption of available e-CRM technologies and uncover prevalent trends in Game Parks in Zimbabwe. Accordingly, the study deployed a qualitative research case study design used within a design science research framework. Thematic analysis was used to analyze data. Findings show that the studied Game Parks still use peripheral e-CRM tools at the pre-, during and post-visit stages. This was mainly due to the following; lack of financial resources, lack of employee buy-in, management domination by individuals without full knowledge of electronic tools, and customer ignorance. Consequently, results were synthesized into a framework that two experts evaluated. This study is crucial as it provides new insights on how e-CRM can be implemented for Game Parks, especially in Zimbabwe. The study augments knowledge in the field of e-CRM for Game Parks, especially in developing countries like Zimbabwe. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1184-1195 Issue: 5 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1938797 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1938797 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:5:p:1184-1195 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1950109_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Genet Barklign Author-X-Name-First: Genet Author-X-Name-Last: Barklign Author-Name: Kassahun Gashu Author-X-Name-First: Kassahun Author-X-Name-Last: Gashu Title: Nexus between perceptions of urban environmental planning and solid waste management practices in Debre Markos Town, Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia Abstract: Lack of integration between urban environmental planning and solid waste management is a challenge for cities in developing countries. The aim of the research was to analyze the nexus between local communities’ perceptions of urban environmental planning and solid waste management practices in Debre Markos Town, Northwest Ethiopia. The study applied a binary logistic regression approach to identify the factors that influence local communities’ perceptions about urban environmental planning and solid waste management practices. Results show that education level, family size, income and availability of safe disposal sites are statistically significant (either at P < 0.01 or P < 0.05) predictors of local communities’ perceptions. The challenges and prospects of urban environmental management were varied and rated from least to very big by respondents. Lack of commitment is reported at 41% as a very big challenge and at 43% as a big challenge of urban environmental management. The paper concludes by proposing proper implementation of the integration of solid waste management and urban environmental planning for sustainable urban development. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1288-1300 Issue: 5 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1950109 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1950109 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:5:p:1288-1300 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1960540_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Carolina da Silveira Bueno Author-X-Name-First: Carolina da Silveira Author-X-Name-Last: Bueno Author-Name: Fábio Kenji Masago Author-X-Name-First: Fábio Kenji Author-X-Name-Last: Masago Author-Name: José Maria Ferreira Jardim da Silveira Author-X-Name-First: José Maria Ferreira Jardim Author-X-Name-Last: da Silveira Author-Name: Bruna de Souza Moraes Author-X-Name-First: Bruna de Souza Author-X-Name-Last: Moraes Author-Name: Leonardo Brantes Bacellar Mendes Author-X-Name-First: Leonardo Brantes Bacellar Author-X-Name-Last: Mendes Author-Name: Ivette Raymunda Luna Author-X-Name-First: Ivette Raymunda Author-X-Name-Last: Luna Author-Name: Telma Teixeira Franco Author-X-Name-First: Telma Teixeira Author-X-Name-Last: Franco Title: Bioenergy emerging paradigm: Collaborative networks and determinants in the upgrading process of technological frontiers Abstract: This paper examines the collaboration dynamic among areas of knowledge and countries from 1975 to 2017 within the bioenergy field and from a complex network approach, as a driver for the evolution of technological frontiers and emerging paradigms, seeking opportunities for a transition to low carbon economies. The results provide detailed information on international collaboration from patent networks and the spatial distribution of bioenergy, from three perspectives of analysis: origin, development, and potential emerging paths. In addition, the evidence shows that advances in the bioenergy frontiers, more specifically in the biotechnology field, follow a pattern characterized by the intensification of both collaboration and interdependence among several areas of knowledge and countries. With this, we expect to stimulate the debate on innovation dynamics within a complex network perspective and to contribute to policymakers’ decision support regarding bioeconomy innovation systems. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1413-1428 Issue: 5 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1960540 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1960540 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:5:p:1413-1428 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1945775_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Chris William Callaghan Author-X-Name-First: Chris William Author-X-Name-Last: Callaghan Title: Lessons and insights from the global productivity slowdown: A research management agenda Abstract: According to the Solow paradox, the impact of the computer age can be seen everywhere but in the productivity statistics. Despite much debate about productivity gains promised by technologies associated with the ‘fourth industrial revolution,’ these are largely yet to materialise. Paradoxically, not only has there been a global productivity growth slowdown but also a decline in research and development (R&D) productivity: a ‘burden of knowledge’ effect. Given the potentially catastrophic costs of research failure and the inability of the scientific discovery system to anticipate fully and find a solution to the coronavirus pandemic, the purpose of this paper is to apply a detailed conceptual review methodology to understand better the fundamental causes of the global productivity growth slowdown. Challenging prevailing assumptions in the literature, the original contribution of the paper is a theoretical analysis that suggests a root cause of the global production growth slowdown may be a burden of knowledge effect associated with innovation failure. A causal ordering of relevant causes is discussed, and hypotheses are derived. Implications are derived for research management, and for policy regarding how a decline in global productivity growth might be arrested by remedying the burden of knowledge effect. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1265-1273 Issue: 5 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1945775 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1945775 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:5:p:1265-1273 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1958988_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Tebogo Simon Ramaoka Author-X-Name-First: Tebogo Author-X-Name-Last: Simon Ramaoka Author-Name: Erika Kraemer-Mbula Author-X-Name-First: Erika Author-X-Name-Last: Kraemer-Mbula Title: Technology transfer and absorptive capacities in South Africa's medical device industry Abstract: This paper explores South African manufacturing of medical devices, focusing on firms’ acquisition of imported and domestic technologies through technology transfer and their related absorptive capacity. Using an exploratory sequential mixed-methods approach, this paper demonstrates that technology transfer does occur in the medical device industry in South Africa, and that the absorptive capacity displayed by firms in the industry is sufficient to facilitate technology transfer. The results of the analysis suggest that there is room for policymakers to create and promote sectoral coherence and to coordinate the various stakeholders for the industry to grow. This study contributes to the scarce literature on technology transfer in the medical device industry in Africa. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1356-1368 Issue: 5 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1958988 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1958988 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:5:p:1356-1368 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1945773_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Alexander Jordan Author-X-Name-First: Alexander Author-X-Name-Last: Jordan Author-Name: Marco Guerzoni Author-X-Name-First: Marco Author-X-Name-Last: Guerzoni Title: Extension services in Ethiopia: First adoption of chemical fertilizers in rural villages Abstract: In this paper we evaluate the efficiency of extension programmes in the adoption of chemical fertilizers in Ethiopia between 1994 and 2004 using matching techniques in a quasi-experimental setting. In addition to common factors, measures of culture, proxied by ethnicity and religion, aim to control for potential tensions between extension agents and peasants. We find considerable impact of extension services on the first fertilizer adoption. Although, there are several exercises of evaluation of extension services policies, this paper manages to disentangle the policy treatment from other confounding effects for two reasons. Firstly, we focus on the first adoption decision to isolate the effect of new information provided by the extension service. Secondly, we restrict the sample to villages characterized by late adoption, id est villages where adoption had not occurred before and its appearance can be associated with the policy action with more certitude. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1240-1252 Issue: 5 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1945773 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1945773 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:5:p:1240-1252 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1958989_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Opeyemi A. Osanaiye Author-X-Name-First: Opeyemi A. Author-X-Name-Last: Osanaiye Author-Name: Olayinka O. Ogundile Author-X-Name-First: Olayinka O. Author-X-Name-Last: Ogundile Author-Name: Folayo Aina Author-X-Name-First: Folayo Author-X-Name-Last: Aina Title: Evaluating DoS jamming attack on reactive routing protocol in wireless sensor networks Abstract: Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) over the years have emerged as the enabling underlining infrastructure for new wireless technology trends such as Internet-of Things (IoT) and Fog Computing. Its application has spread across diverse fields such as agriculture, military, healthcare and home automation. Despite its promising attributes, it is characterized by its extremely limited resources such as battery energy and memory. Additionally, its deployment in hostile and unattended areas make it vulnerable to security attacks. One of such attacks is the denial of service (DoS) jamming attack that is perpetrated by malicious nodes emitting radio frequency signals to disrupt and interfere with the normal functions of the sensor nodes in the network. This eventually causes a denial of service in the network. Different routing protocols have been proposed over the years to guarantee reliable communication and maintain the network lifetime and functionality for a reasonable duration, notwithstanding DoS jamming attack. Therefore, in this work, we evaluate the effect of a constant jamming DoS attack on two key reactive routing protocols in WSN, ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) and dynamic source routing (DSR). Metrics such as packet sending ratio (PSR), packet loss (PL) and transmitted packets are used to measure the impact of constant jamming DoS attack in the network. Simulation results using network simulation 2 (NS2) and trace graph show that, irrespective of the adopted reactive routing protocol, the impact of the jamming attack is the same. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1369-1376 Issue: 5 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1958989 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1958989 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:5:p:1369-1376 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1960539_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mamoutou Dit Djamba Sissoko Author-X-Name-First: Mamoutou Dit Djamba Author-X-Name-Last: Sissoko Author-Name: Kwasi Ohene-Yankyera Author-X-Name-First: Kwasi Author-X-Name-Last: Ohene-Yankyera Author-Name: Camillus Abawiera Wongnaa Author-X-Name-First: Camillus Abawiera Author-X-Name-Last: Wongnaa Title: Profitability and technical efficiency of rice farms using traditional and improved milling machines: Evidence from Mali Abstract: The introduction of improved rice milling machines in rice producing areas in Mali is expected to minimize losses during processing. This study compares the profitability and technical efficiency of rice farms using traditional and improved rice milling machines in the Segou region of Mali. It used cross sectional data collected from 396 rice farms from N’Debougou, M’Bewani and Niono agro-ecological zones of Segou region of Mali. Descriptive statistics, benefit cost ratio, stochastic frontier production function and Kendall’s coefficient of concordance were the methods of analysis employed. We find that whereas access to improved rice milling machines (IRMMs) was high for farms employing the technology, it was low for users of traditional rice milling machines. The transaction cost of a bag of milled rice, the profit for a one-hectare rice farm and the returns on a CFA invested by farms using improved rice milling machine were 818 CFA, 7014 CFA and 0.78 compared with 711 CFA, 5113 CFA and 0.56 estimated for users of traditional rice milling machines, respectively. The mean technical efficiencies (TE) for farms using improved rice milling machines and the traditional rice milling machines were 86% and 81%, respectively. Generally, whereas milled rice output was influenced by labour, capital and farm size, technical efficiency was influenced by educational level and monthly income of managers of rice farms. The main constraint that farms faced using the improved rice milling machines was low returns to bran followed by high transportation cost. Given that farms using IRMMs were more profitable, rice farms are encouraged to consider using IRMMs to help them improve the quality of their products so that they can be more competitive in the world market. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1400-1412 Issue: 5 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1960539 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1960539 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:5:p:1400-1412 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1959280_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Iheanacho Henry Denwigwe Author-X-Name-First: Iheanacho Henry Author-X-Name-Last: Denwigwe Author-Name: Joseph Dare Akinde-Peters Author-X-Name-First: Joseph Dare Author-X-Name-Last: Akinde-Peters Author-Name: Olubayo Moses Babatunde Author-X-Name-First: Olubayo Moses Author-X-Name-Last: Babatunde Author-Name: Oluwaseye Samson Adedoja Author-X-Name-First: Oluwaseye Author-X-Name-Last: Samson Adedoja Author-Name: Ibrahim Abiola Taiwo Author-X-Name-First: Ibrahim Abiola Author-X-Name-Last: Taiwo Author-Name: Toyosi Beatrice Adedoja Author-X-Name-First: Toyosi Beatrice Author-X-Name-Last: Adedoja Title: An Android-based mobile platform for understanding Residential PV system sizing Abstract: This research study presents the design of a mobile Android application which provides efficient PV sizing recommendations for residential users. The paper aims to promote the adoption of solar energy to meet energy demands for residential use, by providing accurate information to prospective renewable energy users via the development of an android application for the sizing of PV-battery systems. The study adopted a Design Science Research (DSR) methodology which employs models, techniques, and algorithms to create artifacts expected to meet specified sets of functional requirements. DSR provided stepwise processes for development of the application, validation, testing and evaluation. The evaluation of the android application’s accuracy was presented in this paper, after extensive testing by experts and non-experts. Its performance showed that the feasibility of the application is suitable for potential users and professionals alike. The use of the developed mobile application could strengthen public-private partnerships that would promote widespread use of PV- battery system for residential applications. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1377-1390 Issue: 5 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1959280 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1959280 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:5:p:1377-1390 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1924424_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Philomena Chioma-Akalugo Ogwuike Author-X-Name-First: Philomena Chioma-Akalugo Author-X-Name-Last: Ogwuike Author-Name: Aminou Arouna Author-X-Name-First: Aminou Author-X-Name-Last: Arouna Author-Name: Clinton Obinna Ogwuike Author-X-Name-First: Clinton Obinna Author-X-Name-Last: Ogwuike Title: Assessment of rice threshing technology characteristics for enhanced rice sector development in Senegal Abstract: Understanding the technology characteristics desirable to farmers to increase the adoption of improved technologies remains a high-priority research issue in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The study aimed to quantify farmers’ demand and assessment of the characteristics of rice threshing technologies to enhance the adoption of innovations in Senegal. A multistage sampling technique was used to collect primary data from 318 rice farmers in the Senegal River Valley. Three indexes (demand, supply and attainment) of technology characteristics were estimated to assess farmers’ perceptions of the characteristics of three threshing techniques (traditional, ASI thresher and combine harvester-thresher). The results showed that of the eleven selected characteristics, time savings (0.95), labour savings (0.94) and grain quality (0.93) were farmers’ key demand. The ASI thresher and combine harvester-thresher met farmers’ needs well in terms of the attributes of grain quality and production capacity. However, users of the traditional technique reported low levels of perceived usefulness, and users of the combine harvester-thresher reported low levels of ease of use. Women labour usefulness is a trade-off for advancement in threshing technologies in pursuance of rice sector improvement, implying that efforts towards developing gender-friendly threshers are required. The variables estimated in this study offer policy considerations for development of the rice production system in Senegal. The originality of this paper is its use of a combination of take-the-best theory, the technology acceptance model and an indexing approach to reveal specific characteristics for the development of best-fit mechanization equipment, mainly improved threshers for rice sector development in SSA. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1151-1160 Issue: 5 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1924424 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1924424 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:5:p:1151-1160 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1958987_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Thabang Excellent Mofokeng Author-X-Name-First: Thabang Excellent Author-X-Name-Last: Mofokeng Title: An empirical study stepping towards ethnographic research for e-commerce websites: A perspective of user-centred design Abstract: User-centred design denotes human-centred design processes for interactive systems that intend to meet consumers’ demand for web interface design and usability in human–computer interactions. Perceptions of user interface quality, security, trust, and loyalty were examined in this study. Cross-sectional data were collected from a convenience sample of online consumers in South Africa. A total of 200 self-administered questionnaires were distributed, yielding a 75.5% response rate. Data were analyzed using the multivariate technique. The findings indicate that user interface quality affects perceived security and trust. Perceived security influences trust and customer loyalty, while concern about a perceived low level of security moderates the significant effect of trust on customer loyalty. This implies that reducing perceptions of low security and increasing user interface quality instil trust and develop customer loyalty towards the website. Reducing perceptions of low security contributes in the relationship between trust and customer loyalty in online shopping. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1337-1355 Issue: 5 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1958987 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1958987 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:5:p:1337-1355 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1950110_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Abdella Kosa Chebo Author-X-Name-First: Abdella Kosa Author-X-Name-Last: Chebo Author-Name: Tesfaye Hailu Gebrekidan Author-X-Name-First: Tesfaye Hailu Author-X-Name-Last: Gebrekidan Title: The triple whorl for industrial parks entrepreneurial ecosystem development: Unleashing the integrated role on small ventures growth Abstract: Developing countries need industrial parks (IPs) to modernize their industries and technologies as well as to enable the growth of ventures by combining the entrepreneurial elements in the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Industrial parks will integrate domestic and foreign investment through public-private partnerships (PPP), academia-industry linkage (AIL), and foreign direct investment (FDI). However, there is weak integration of PPP, AIL, and FDI in IPs and poor involvement of small ventures in IPs in Ethiopia. In this regard, the current study was conducted in Addis Ababa city administration, with an emphasis on examining the triple whorl (i.e., integration of PPP, AIL, and FDI) of IPs’ contribution towards small firm growth. Using a sample of 245 small manufacturing enterprise owners selected through simple random sampling, the data for this research were obtained through primary data sources. These data were analyzed using partial least squares technique structural equation modelling. From this, we identified that the partial least square technique structural equation modelling result indicates that PPP, AIL, and FDI significantly improve the growth of small ventures. However, the independent influence of the triple whorl is intensified when government commitment is greater. Therefore, the government should commit to incorporating small enterprises in benefiting from the integration of the triple whorl of IPs to improve the growth of small ventures. This study is the first to develop the triple whorl model that integrates PPP, AIL, and FDI, and contributes to the improvement of entrepreneurial ecosystem and venture growth of IPs. It also makes a novel contribution by testing the elements of the triple whorl at the micro-level by relating to the small ventures. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1301-1312 Issue: 5 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1950110 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1950110 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:5:p:1301-1312 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1937816_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Francis Andrianarison Author-X-Name-First: Francis Author-X-Name-Last: Andrianarison Author-Name: Cyrille Bergaly Kamdem Author-X-Name-First: Cyrille Bergaly Author-X-Name-Last: Kamdem Author-Name: Blaise Che Kameni Author-X-Name-First: Blaise Author-X-Name-Last: Che Kameni Title: Factors enhancing agricultural productivity under innovation technology: Insights from Cameroon Abstract: This paper analyzes the impact of innovation adoption, namely, improved seeds or modern equipment and examines the effects of farmer education, access to credit, and land tenure security on agricultural productivity in Cameroon. We take advantage of a nationally representative survey to analyze factors affecting the probability of adopting innovation and their effects on productivity. We use the Heckman procedure to address potential selection bias. The results reveal significant productivity-enhancing effects of these key factors. They enhance agricultural productivity following innovation adoption and typically promote adoption itself. The propensity to adopt innovation and the potential gain in productivity increase with education level. Credit permits farmers to adopt the innovation and to purchase high-efficiency pesticides and fertilizers. Therefore, agricultural production increases in a timely and appropriate manner. Conditional on adopting innovation, tertiary education will produce a 16.5% to 18.3% increase in yield in value per ha, while access to credit leads a 10.9% to 15.5% gains. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of factors enhancing agricultural productivity under innovation technology and have important policy implications. The adoption of improved varieties or modern equipment alone is not sufficient to boost crop yield. Other productivity-enhancing factors should be promoted to exploit their full yield potential. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1173-1183 Issue: 5 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1937816 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1937816 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:5:p:1173-1183 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1959883_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Letjedi Thabang Mabinane Author-X-Name-First: Letjedi Thabang Author-X-Name-Last: Mabinane Author-Name: Emmanuel Innocents Edoun Author-X-Name-First: Emmanuel Innocents Author-X-Name-Last: Edoun Title: Empirical assessment of South Africa’s national government websites for evidence of e-Government growths Abstract: To draw insights and better understand the online presence of South Africa's national government departments, an empirical analysis of their websites is conducted. The objective of this study was to determine whether South Africa has deployed enough online services since 2001 when the inception of e-Government agenda began. To address this, a quantitative research method was followed because it assigned numerical values to the online features using a questionnaire. Furthermore, a non-probability sampling method was applied and a consecutive sampling technique was deemed appropriate as it seeks to include all accessible and qualifying subjects of the population to be included as part of the sample. The online features were scored numerically, points-based, on their availability and functionality, where available and fully functional features were scored 0.10 points, and those that were available but not functional scored 0.05 points while unavailable features scored 0.00 points. Consequently, the primary data were collected using a questionnaire, otherwise, secondary sources were used to support the research. In addition, a conceptual framework which guided the study was modelled on eight key online features/tabs, including e-services/tools; downloadable material; and social media networks. Because a consecutive sampling technique was used, all 48 national government websites were identified and visited for assessment. Data were analyzed using SPSS v.26 where a number of analyses were performed. The results suggest that the government deployed insufficient services online. Only less than half of the national government departments have deployed their services online. Although more than 80% have some form of social media presence, with Facebook and Twitter topping the list. In conclusion, South Africa's e-Government developments remain uncertain in the global rankings, with the country struggling through the biannual e-Government development surveys. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1391-1399 Issue: 5 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1959883 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1959883 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:5:p:1391-1399 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1573958_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Evans Brako Ntiamoah Author-X-Name-First: Evans Brako Author-X-Name-Last: Ntiamoah Author-Name: Dongmei Li Author-X-Name-First: Dongmei Author-X-Name-Last: Li Author-Name: Daniel Bruce Sarpong Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Bruce Author-X-Name-Last: Sarpong Title: The effect of innovation practices on agribusiness performance: A structural equation modelling (SEM) approach Abstract: This study investigates how innovation practices including product, process, marketing and organizational innovation affect agribusiness performance such as innovative, production, marketing and financial performance in Ghanaian agribusiness companies. Data were collected through survey questionnaires from 1526 respondents mainly from inputs supplies, production and marketing agribusiness companies. Data were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA), and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. We also employed the structural equation modelling (SEM) in determing the relationships between the variables. The results reveal the positive effects of innovation practices on agribusiness performance. Managerial implications are also discussed. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 671-681 Issue: 6 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1573958 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1573958 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:6:p:671-681 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1572335_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Albert Edgar Manyuchi Author-X-Name-First: Albert Edgar Author-X-Name-Last: Manyuchi Title: Foreign direct investment and technology catch-up in post-Mugabe Zimbabwe Abstract: Mugabe’s forced resignation and subsequent policy changes provide prospects for increased inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI) to Zimbabwe. This study employs a System of Innovation (SoI) framework to highlight post-independence Zimbabwe’s technology situation, which has generally deteriorated. It further explores whether and how inward FDI post-Mugabe’s era can be directed towards technology catch-up. The quality of inward FDI, policy and institutional frameworks and the new government’s posture on innovation will largely determine whether and how technology will catch up. Directing inward FDI towards technology catch-up and innovation in general can affect Zimbabwe’s industrial productivity, economic growth and ultimately development. Explicit FDI and innovation policies are encouraged. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 683-697 Issue: 6 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1572335 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1572335 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:6:p:683-697 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1573959_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Abdelkader Mazouz Author-X-Name-First: Abdelkader Author-X-Name-Last: Mazouz Author-Name: Loay Alnaji Author-X-Name-First: Loay Author-X-Name-Last: Alnaji Author-Name: Riadh Jeljeli Author-X-Name-First: Riadh Author-X-Name-Last: Jeljeli Author-Name: Fayez Al-Shdaifat Author-X-Name-First: Fayez Author-X-Name-Last: Al-Shdaifat Title: Innovation and entrepreneurship framework within the Middle East and North Africa region Abstract: When linked, Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Leadership provide a platform for Organizational survival. This paper develops a framework for innovation – a necessary condition that requires the appropriate leadership in order to guide its course in the right direction. Innovation Proficiency stems from two major elements: the interior and the exterior. The interior element includes three constituents: knowledge, attitude, and imagination. The exterior element also includes three constituents: culture, resources and habitat. While the exterior element is related to the outer world and one's environment, the interior one relates to us as people. The aim of this paper is to combine and investigate Seelig's model for the Innovation Engine and to evaluate the Kuratko entrepreneurship platform. The paper, which is based on both platforms, evaluates the innovation progression and entrepreneurship base within several industries in the Middle East and North Africa regions (referred to as the MENA region). A survey, which was distributed to leaders in several major industries, was collected, analyzed, and presented. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 699-710 Issue: 6 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1573959 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1573959 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:6:p:699-710 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1571150_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Theresa Rubhara Author-X-Name-First: Theresa Author-X-Name-Last: Rubhara Author-Name: Maxwell Mudhara Author-X-Name-First: Maxwell Author-X-Name-Last: Mudhara Title: Commercialization and its determinants among smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe. A case of Shamva District, Mashonaland Central Province Abstract: Empirical evidence supports the attainment of economic growth through commercialization of agricultural production. However, there are still high levels of subsistence farming in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to determine commercialization levels of smallholder farmers and the factors affecting their decisions to commercialize, with a view to identifying strategies for advancing commercialization. The study was carried out in Shamva District of Zimbabwe and a randomly selected sample of 281 farmers was used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Tobit regression model. The commercialization level was captured by the household commercialization index which was calculated as the ratio of value of marketed output to the value of crops produced. The following variables positively influenced commercialization: gender of household head, access to draft power, access to extension, access to markets, access to finance and number of crops. Age of household head, number of cattle, off-farm income and communal land holding were negatively associated with commercialization levels. Smallholder farmers should be motivated to grow more cash generating crops so as to increase their income. Subsistence farmers, if given adequate financial and extension support, are likely to commercialize. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 711-718 Issue: 6 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1571150 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1571150 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:6:p:711-718 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1572336_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Khomotso Semenya Author-X-Name-First: Khomotso Author-X-Name-Last: Semenya Author-Name: Fannie Machete Author-X-Name-First: Fannie Author-X-Name-Last: Machete Title: Factors that influence firewood use among electrified Bapedi households of Senwabarwana Villages, South Africa Abstract: This paper presents the factors that influence firewood use among electrified Bapedi households in Senwabarwana Villages. The study follows explanatory and exploratory methods of data analysis, through survey (structured interviews) and meta-analysis. In-depth content analysis was followed to establish trends and identify factors that influence the use of firewood among electrified households globally and in the current study area. The results confirm that firewood is still the most common energy resource used for cooking, as well as water and space heating in many developing countries. Major drivers of firewood use are household income, educational status of breadwinners, family size, and place of residence, fuel affordability and accessibility. One of the key findings of this paper is that firewood use is also a psychological and behavioural issue as well as an economic one. There are indigenous and socio-cultural perceptions attached to the use of different energy sources. It is for these reasons, among others, that most communities do not stop using firewood even when they have access to electricity. However, the results reveal a shift from dependence on firewood to other energy sources as household income and educational levels improve. The latter is primarily a convenient factor of energy selection. In conclusion, the current study concludes that firewood use is primarily driven by convenience. The more convenient the source of energy, the more attractive it becomes to different households. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 719-729 Issue: 6 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1572336 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1572336 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:6:p:719-729 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1573956_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Yuda Lyangalo Benjamin Author-X-Name-First: Yuda Lyangalo Author-X-Name-Last: Benjamin Author-Name: Ezra Lazaro Author-X-Name-First: Ezra Author-X-Name-Last: Lazaro Title: Design, fabrication and performance evaluation of centrifugal sunflower dehuller for small-scale enterprises in developing countries Abstract: Sunflower is grown by small-scale farmers in many developing countries like Tanzania. Lack of effective machines for dehulling sunflower seeds has resulted in high oil losses during extraction, especially for small- and medium-scale enterprise. This paper reports on the design, fabrication and performance evaluation (in terms of throughput capacity, dehulling efficiency and kernel breakage efficiency) of a centrifugal machine for dehulling sunflower seeds. The purpose was to improve the dehulling efficiency and to reduce kernel breakage of the dehulled seeds. The machine consists of a frame, feeding hopper, power shaft, bearings system, dehulling chamber and power unit. The results showed that the higher the impeller speed, the higher the throughput capacity and dehulling efficiency. The highest dehulling efficiency was 94.3% which is significantly higher than that of existing abrasive dehullers (17%). However, high speed also resulted in increased kernel breakage (5−20.9%) hence reducing the quality of the dehulled seeds. Thus an impeller speed of 1445 rpm was selected for the operation of the machine. The results suggest that the designed centrifugal dehuller can be used by small- and medium-scale sunflower oil enterprises for improving oil extraction. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 731-738 Issue: 6 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1573956 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1573956 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:6:p:731-738 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1573957_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Irene Penninah Aryemo Author-X-Name-First: Irene Penninah Author-X-Name-Last: Aryemo Author-Name: Irine Akite Author-X-Name-First: Irine Author-X-Name-Last: Akite Author-Name: Enos Katya Kule Author-X-Name-First: Enos Katya Author-X-Name-Last: Kule Author-Name: Donald Rugira Kugonza Author-X-Name-First: Donald Rugira Author-X-Name-Last: Kugonza Author-Name: Marion Wilfred Okot Author-X-Name-First: Marion Wilfred Author-X-Name-Last: Okot Author-Name: Basil Mugonola Author-X-Name-First: Basil Author-X-Name-Last: Mugonola Title: Drivers of commercialization: A case of indigenous chicken production in northern Uganda Abstract: This study was conducted to assess the drivers of commercialization and profitability among the smallholder farmers of indigenous chickens (IC) in northern Uganda. A market index was constructed to measure the proportion of IC marketed as a proxy for commercialization. A Tobit regression model was fitted using maximum likelihood estimation to determine the drivers of commercialization level of IC. Gross margin analysis was conducted to measure annual profits from IC production and a multiple linear regression was estimated using ordinary least squares to ascertain the determinants of profitability. Overall, the level of commercialization of IC was found to be as low as 31.2%. This level was affected by: IC flock size, number of cattle owned, group membership and access to poultry specific extension services. Commercial IC production was found to be profitable with average gross margins of UGX 118,704 (equivalent to US$34 per annum). Our results revealed that profitability in IC production and marketing was affected by bicycle access, number of extension visits, family ownership of chickens, sex, and age of household head. Our findings point to the need for implementation of strategies to increase flock size like disease management, provision of targeted extension services and increased group marketing of chickens. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 739-748 Issue: 6 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1573957 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1573957 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:6:p:739-748 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1585675_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Victor R. Kebande Author-X-Name-First: Victor R. Author-X-Name-Last: Kebande Author-Name: H. S. Venter Author-X-Name-First: H. S. Author-X-Name-Last: Venter Title: CFRaaS: Architectural design of a Cloud Forensic Readiness as-a-Service Model using NMB solution as a forensic agent Abstract: The proliferation of cloud resources among organizations has had numerous benefits with regard to how business processes are conducted. However, despite the benefits, the cloud has not been very resilient due to how it is distributed and its open nature. Due to this, there have been numerous reports on how the security of organizational information has been compromised. In any organization, Digital Forensic Readiness (DFR) is employed as a pre-incident phase whose aim is to maximize the use of Potential Digital Evidence (PDE) while minimizing the cost of performing a Digital Forensic Investigation (DFI). Therefore, it is on this premise that this paper makes a contribution to the architectural design of a Cloud Forensic Readiness as-a-Service (CFRaaS) that uses a Non-Malicious Botnet (NMB) solution as a forensic agent. The authors argue that the architectural design of a CFRaaS is an important aspect, which brings out the requirements that are needed in order for the cloud to be forensically ready for digital investigations when a modified NMB acting as an Agent-Based Solution (ABS) is used. To support this claim, the authors have identified important dependencies and indicators that will provide a synergistic relationship while coming up with CFRaaS design decisions. The main objective of this paper is to present the requirements, design and implementation for achieving DFR in the cloud using a CFRaaS. This study complies with the ISO/IEC 27043: 2015 international standard which presents guidelines for Information Technology, Security Techniques and Incident Investigation Principles and Processes. The result of the study has indicated that it is possible to achieve DFR in the cloud environment using a botnet with modified functionalities. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 749-769 Issue: 6 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1585675 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1585675 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:6:p:749-769 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1585676_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Oluwaseun Sunday Dosumu Author-X-Name-First: Oluwaseun Sunday Author-X-Name-Last: Dosumu Author-Name: Clinton Aigbavboa Author-X-Name-First: Clinton Author-X-Name-Last: Aigbavboa Title: Assessing clients’ satisfaction with the service quality of construction consultants in Lagos, Nigeria Abstract: The service quality of consultants plays an important role in enhancing the success of construction projects. The study aims to determine the gaps between the clients’ observed and expected service quality of construction consultants. The 20-service quality (SERVQUAL) criteria of consultants used in this study were compiled from studies on service quality in the construction industry. Quantitative (survey) research design was used for the study and the population consisted of public and private clients in the construction industry. The random sampling technique was used for the study. The data collected were analysed with descriptive statistics. The results indicate that the clients’ order of satisfaction with consultants’ services is: willingness to provide service; courtesy; knowledge and confidence in clients; etc. However, the services provided are in the order of: keeping clients informed of the progress of the projects; provision of skilled personnel to handle projects; etc. The study established that gaps exist between the expected and observed service quality of consultants in 8 out of the 20 areas that were investigated. T-test statistics revealed that there are significant differences in the observed and expected service quality of consultants by private and public clients. Hence, consultants’ services are yet to reach clients’ expectations. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 771-779 Issue: 6 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1585676 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1585676 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:6:p:771-779 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1573469_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Correction Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 781-781 Issue: 6 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/23322373.2019.1573469 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/23322373.2019.1573469 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:6:p:781-781 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1523033_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Radhika Perrot Author-X-Name-First: Radhika Author-X-Name-Last: Perrot Author-Name: Maruf Sanni Author-X-Name-First: Maruf Author-X-Name-Last: Sanni Title: Building low-carbon energy innovation systems in Africa Abstract: The objective of this special issue is to bring together research on low-carbon innovation in the African context. The aim is to assess and compare various cases of low-carbon energy development in Africa in an effort to understand the underlying innovation and learning mechanisms that promote their adoption in different contexts. We seek to identify which actors and models drive such projects, what socio-technical factors facilitate their adaptation, and how the relevant communities or localities build the required technological capabilities for them to function optimally. Our approach to the investigation involved qualitative case studies using in-depth interviews, site visits, and scenario casting. In conclusion, our findings showed that by linking the models to the multi-dimensional outcomes desired of energy provision and access in diverse settings in Africa, critical insights into the mechanisms, drivers and barriers to developing vibrant linkages that can stimulate innovation in these technological systems would be gained. Such desired outcomes include, but are not limited to cost-effectiveness, environmental sustainability, and economic development opportunities. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 519-524 Issue: 5 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1523033 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1523033 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:5:p:519-524 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1366132_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Victor Ongoma Author-X-Name-First: Victor Author-X-Name-Last: Ongoma Title: Socio-economic and environmental analysis of wind power projects as viable renewable energy resources in Kenya Abstract: The demand for power in Kenya is on the increase with the ongoing growth of the country’s economy. There is a need for the country to balance energy efficiency, sustainability and low-carbon technologies. This entails drafting and implementing policies and strategies towards a low-carbon development path, ranging from fuels, technologies and infrastructure. This work examines the drivers of renewable energy resources in Kenya, focusing on Ngong Wind Farm. Results show that most low-carbon innovations in Kenya are driven by government tariffs and policies. Funding, and political and community goodwill remarkably influence the success of wind power projects in Kenya. The case study is a novel experiment that offers sustainable alternatives in the energy sector. There is need for more investment in the renewable sector, especially in the set up of power plants and power storage. To address the shortcomings in the renewable energy sector, there is a need for further research and development, and collaborations to foster innovations in the wind power sector in country. A combination of knowledge and resources, and leveraging local and national policies are potential ways in which institutional platforms can foster wind technology advancement and dissemination. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 525-538 Issue: 5 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1366132 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1366132 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:5:p:525-538 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1366134_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Fidelis I. Abam Author-X-Name-First: Fidelis I. Author-X-Name-Last: Abam Author-Name: Olayinka S. Ohunakin Author-X-Name-First: Olayinka S. Author-X-Name-Last: Ohunakin Title: Applications of small-scale, stand-alone wind energy conversion systems in rural Cross River State, Nigeria Abstract: The study presents the wind energy potential (WEP) for six locations in Cross River State, Nigeria. The objective of the study was to assess the WEP of the selected sites for electricity generation, using small size wind energy conversion systems (WECs). The wind data were measured at 10 m height and ranged from 4 to 10 years. Additionally, the data were evaluated using the two-parameter Weibull function. Results obtained show that annual mean wind speed, vm, and Weibull parameters k and c range from 3.21 to 4.55 m/s, 3.32 to 6.69 and 2.99 to 5.40 m/s, in that order. The cost per kWh of energy for the selected WECs fluctuated between 0.0626 ≤ COE ≤ 0.1375 USD/kWh, while the avoidable CO2 emissions exist between 0.64 and 38.21 tons/year. However, the probable savings made from diesel was not greater than 14,524.94 litres/year for the locations with high WEP for small-scale stand-alone applications. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 539-550 Issue: 5 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1366134 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1366134 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:5:p:539-550 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1495305_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Olayinka S. Ohunakin Author-X-Name-First: Olayinka S. Author-X-Name-Last: Ohunakin Author-Name: Burak Omer Saracoglu Author-X-Name-First: Burak Omer Author-X-Name-Last: Saracoglu Title: A comparative study of selected multi-criteria decision-making methodologies for location selection of very large concentrated solar power plants in Nigeria Abstract: This work studies the location selection of very large concentrated solar power plants (VLCSPPs) in Nigeria using five Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methodologies including: Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Consistency-Driven Pairwise Comparisons (CDPC), Decision Expert for Education (DEXi), Elimination and Choice Translating Reality (ELECTRE) III and IV. A comparative investigation is performed on only one unique model that is structured in four levels. This model has nine basic factors (Direct Normal Irradiance, grid infrastructure, climatic conditions, water availability conditions, natural disaster/hazard conditions, topographical conditions, geological conditions, land use, allocation and availability, war, terror & security conditions) taken from previous factors selection studies. There are 35 alternatives for the VLCSPP locations in Nigeria for the pre-development investment stage and are presented on Google Earth file (GE). The Super Decisions, JConcluder, DEXi and ELECTRE III-IV software are mainly used in this study. The findings show that the AHP and CDPC rankings are very close to each other. On the other hand, the DEXi, ELECTRE III and IV rankings spread very much amongst the methods. Hence, a small procedural rule is defined for the selection of candidate locations for detailed investigations. Several candidates’ VLCSPP locations were found to exist as alternatives, with approximate local central coordinates of 13°38′55.37″N, 13°20′41.41″E and 13°6′58.83″N, 13°26′53.63″E in Nigeria. These should be further investigated in the following investment stages. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 551-567 Issue: 5 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1495305 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1495305 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:5:p:551-567 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1380587_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Maruf Sanni Author-X-Name-First: Maruf Author-X-Name-Last: Sanni Title: Mapping dynamics of low-carbon energy innovation for small hydropower technology in Nigeria Abstract: The urgent need for clean innovative energy systems is widely recognized amidst increasing concerns over energy insecurity, climate change and other environmental impacts of a carbon-constrained economy. Several renewable energy technologies such as small hydropower (SHP) are poised to play a critical role in the transition to a low-carbon future in Nigeria. The technically exploitable small hydro capability in Nigeria is high but underutilized in spite of the recent power sector reform of the government. The main objective of this paper is to trace the evolution of small hydropower and determine what component of the interactive learning mechanisms would result in the most significant outcome. The paper also maps out the networks of actors and linkages among those involved in the development and deployment of SHP technology in Nigeria. The study assesses the innovation process of the key stakeholders on models of sustainable SHP in the country. In the final assessment, the study identifies four models with firm-driven and a hybrid of policy and donor-driven models producing the most significant outcome. The findings of this study suggest that SHP could play an important role in remote off-grid communities as well as grid-based power generation. However, barriers such as low level of technological capability, lack of up-to-date sound technical and financial analysis and low investment have hindered its deployment. This paper concludes by outlining several policy priorities that would entrench sustainable SHP for multiple societal and economic development objectives in Nigeria. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 569-578 Issue: 5 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1380587 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1380587 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:5:p:569-578 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1511280_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Olayinka S. Ohunakin Author-X-Name-First: Olayinka S. Author-X-Name-Last: Ohunakin Author-Name: Muyiwa S. Adaramola Author-X-Name-First: Muyiwa S. Author-X-Name-Last: Adaramola Author-Name: Olanrewaju M. Oyewola Author-X-Name-First: Olanrewaju M. Author-X-Name-Last: Oyewola Author-Name: Richard O. Fagbenle Author-X-Name-First: Richard O. Author-X-Name-Last: Fagbenle Author-Name: Damola S. Adelekan Author-X-Name-First: Damola S. Author-X-Name-Last: Adelekan Author-Name: Jatinder Gill Author-X-Name-First: Jatinder Author-X-Name-Last: Gill Author-Name: Fidelis I. Abam Author-X-Name-First: Fidelis I. Author-X-Name-Last: Abam Title: Photovoltaic performance prediction in Northern Nigeria using generated typical meteorological year dataset Abstract: Relevant meteorological files are needed by simulation software to assess the energy performances of buildings or efficiency of renewable energy systems. This paper adopts the Sandia method to generate typical meteorological year (TMY), using a 35-year hourly measured meteorological dataset from four stations in the northern region of Nigeria. The cumulative distribution function (CDF) for each year was compared with that of the long-term composite of all the years in the period for the seven major weather indices made up of relative humidity, wind speed, minimum temperature, global solar radiation, precipitation, mean temperature and maximum temperature. The 12 typical meteorological months (TMMs) selected from the different years were used for formulation of a TMY for the zone. In addition, performance assessment of a 72-cell polycrystalline solar PV module using the generated TMY and long-term (LT) values was also conducted. Two statistical indicators, the mean percentage error and the root mean square error, were adopted to evaluate the performance of each TMY with the LT mean, and also that of the PV energy system. Findings show that the TMMs are evenly spread within the data periods across the sites while closest fit between the long-term mean and TMY are obtained with the global solar radiation followed by the mean temperature in all the sites especially in Bida and Minna. From the energy system analysis carried out, it was found that TMY data are able to predict the performance of the PV system to within 5% of the LT data. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 579-591 Issue: 5 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1511280 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1511280 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:5:p:579-591 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1495285_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: A. O. Adepoju Author-X-Name-First: A. O. Author-X-Name-Last: Adepoju Author-Name: Y. O. Akinwale Author-X-Name-First: Y. O. Author-X-Name-Last: Akinwale Author-Name: I. O. Ogundari Author-X-Name-First: I. O. Author-X-Name-Last: Ogundari Title: Feasibility economic analysis for electricity generation in internal combustion engine sets using landfill gas in Lagos State Abstract: The main objective of this paper is to analyze the economic feasibility landfill gas for electricity generation in Lagos State. In this paper, methane emissions are estimated by applying the First Order Decay model to landfills in Lagos over the latest data available by Lagos Bureau of Statistics. Documented waste-in-place in Lagos State from 1990 to 2014 can be approximated to 51 million tons of waste disposed. An engineering economic analysis was used which was adapted from US EPA’s Landfill methodology. Based on the US EPA’s Landfill methodology, we calculated that a total of landfill gas of 4,736.37 mmcf/yr can be generated. Therefore, considering the use of internal combustion engines, a total of 202,720,789 kWh of electricity can be generated annually. The NPV results were mostly negative and positive at N18.75 and N36.49 unit prices respectively. Further analyses revealed that the breakeven price was N29.17 per unit of electricity at 10% discount rate and a life span of 15 years. It becomes imperative that electricity from this source requires government subsidy as other economic benefits abound. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 593-599 Issue: 5 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1495285 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1495285 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:5:p:593-599 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1366131_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Yusuf Opeyemi Akinwale Author-X-Name-First: Yusuf Opeyemi Author-X-Name-Last: Akinwale Title: Descriptive analysis of building indigenous low-carbon innovation capability in Nigeria Abstract: The issue of a low-carbon energy system is contentious especially in developing countries as the world is transiting from a fossil fuel based economy to a low-carbon economy. A new development path of low-carbon energy is being sought so as to prevent the devastating effects of the high-carbon energy system which presently dominates the world. Many developing countries including Nigeria are being faced with the challenges of achieving economic development through a low-carbon energy system because the present energy system is predominantly high-carbon energy dependent, using, for example, fossil fuels. To follow the low-carbon development path, building indigenous innovation capability in emerging and developing countries becomes paramount, instead of relying on a mere technology transfer from developed countries which, most of the time, is in the form of hardware. As a result of the double externality problem and market failures associated with new technological innovation, this study suggests a government policy driven model to achieve the development of sustainable low-carbon energy innovation in Nigeria. The study used descriptive analysis to capture information on the influence of government policy from university academia and members of the public, obtained through a questionnaire. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 601-614 Issue: 5 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1366131 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1366131 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:5:p:601-614 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1366130_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Aschalew Demeke Tigabu Author-X-Name-First: Aschalew Demeke Author-X-Name-Last: Tigabu Title: Analysing the diffusion and adoption of renewable energy technologies in Africa: The functions of innovation systems perspective Abstract: Renewable energy technologies have increasingly been promoted to address energy poverty and environmental sustainability challenges in Africa. Yet, their diffusion and uptake remain marginal. The focus of renewable energy technology diffusion research in Africa has largely been on identifying technological, economical and social factors, which determine adoption decision of end-users. In this paper, I argue that there is a need to systematically understand the enabling institutional context of renewable energy technologies as well. I argue that the Technological Innovation System (TIS) is a useful approach in this regard. In terms of policy, I argue that strengthening the functional build-up of TISs is crucial to increase the diffusion of renewable energy technologies in Africa. This requires gaining insights into the functioning of TISs. To this end, I provide a simplified framework for evaluating the functional performance of renewable energy TISs in Africa. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 615-624 Issue: 5 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1366130 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1366130 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:5:p:615-624 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1366133_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Joni Karjalainen Author-X-Name-First: Joni Author-X-Name-Last: Karjalainen Author-Name: Sirkka Heinonen Author-X-Name-First: Sirkka Author-X-Name-Last: Heinonen Title: Using deliberative foresight to envision a neo-carbon energy innovation ecosystem – a case study of Kenya Abstract: Foresight is a pragmatic futures studies approach as structured debate about future-related topics. Deliberative foresight addresses stakeholders affected by specific futures. This paper goes beyond a low-carbon strategy to present the potential of futures based on renewable energy. In the neo-carbon energy system, high shares of solar, wind, and other renewables are used, and carbon dioxide from the air is used as a source for synthetic products such as plastics, chemicals and medicine. As transitions are about technological and social change, a neo-carbon energy innovation ecosystem, consisting of actors at multiple levels, is envisioned. To represent the present ‘direction’ of Kenya's energy transition, four renewable energy approaches and projects are examined. A conceptual model, which consists of deliberative foresight, innovation ecosystems thinking, transformative potential and sustainability, is then introduced. To study emerging energy transformations, historical assumptions and conventional approaches to development and scenario-making need to be challenged. This paper claims that deliberative foresight and a systemic approach to innovation can enable African countries to examine how their economies and energy systems can be transformed into emissions-free, efficient, low-cost, and sustainable. Our approach emphasizes inclusive innovation, broad-based socio-economic benefits, and minimizing environmental harm. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 625-641 Issue: 5 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1366133 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1366133 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:5:p:625-641 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1732079_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Kokouvi Edem N’Tsoukpoe Author-X-Name-First: Kokouvi Edem Author-X-Name-Last: N’Tsoukpoe Author-Name: Mariam Sou Dakoure Author-X-Name-First: Mariam Author-X-Name-Last: Sou Dakoure Author-Name: Hamma Yacouba Author-X-Name-First: Hamma Author-X-Name-Last: Yacouba Title: SPECIAL ISSUE: Science, technology and eco-innovation diffusion for sustainable management of natural resources Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 261-263 Issue: 3 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1732079 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1732079 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:3:p:261-263 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1733795_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Drissa Sangare Author-X-Name-First: Drissa Author-X-Name-Last: Sangare Author-Name: Lassina Sandotin Coulibaly Author-X-Name-First: Lassina Sandotin Author-X-Name-Last: Coulibaly Author-Name: Siaka Sylla Author-X-Name-First: Siaka Author-X-Name-Last: Sylla Author-Name: Lacina Coulibaly Author-X-Name-First: Lacina Author-X-Name-Last: Coulibaly Title: Effect of treated greywater by black shale and laterite on Lactuca sativa L. germination rate Abstract: Greywater reuse for agricultural irrigation may contribute to reduced use of chemical fertilizers, and is helping to conserve scarce freshwater source. However, treatment methods that reduce the harmful effects of untreated greywater are essential for sustainable agriculture. This study aims to evaluate greywater treatment by geo-materials (shale and laterite) and to investigate the germination rate of lettuce. Batch experiments were used to monitor sodium removal from greywater using shale and laterite (36 g.L−1 and 5.63 g. L−1 respectively) as adsorbents. The study monitored sodium removal from greywater during the batch experiments. The results showed that the two geo-materials could be used as low cost-effective adsorbents for treating greywater to satisfy the WHO standard for irrigation water. Furthermore, the results indicated that shale and laterite were successful in removing Na from raw greywater. A kinetic study revealed that maximum Na adsorption occurred in 120 and 240 min for the laterite (1.2 mg. g−1) and the shale (0.184 mg. g−1) respectively. Furthermore, germination rates obtained with raw greywater and greywater treated by shale were higher than 50%, while the lower germination rates were observed when irrigating with tap water (28%) and greywater treated by laterite (33%). Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 265-271 Issue: 3 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1733795 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1733795 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:3:p:265-271 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1755105_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mougabe Koslengar Author-X-Name-First: Mougabe Author-X-Name-Last: Koslengar Author-Name: Yacouba Konate Author-X-Name-First: Yacouba Author-X-Name-Last: Konate Author-Name: Harouna Karambiri Author-X-Name-First: Harouna Author-X-Name-Last: Karambiri Title: Blackwater processing via vermifiltration: Worm-based toilet (wormlet) in the arid context of Burkina Faso Abstract: In Burkina Faso, faecal sludge is mostly discharged into the environment untreated, with associated public health risks. Thus, sanitation technology that efficiently treats Blackwater (BW) in-situ is urgently required. This paper reports the design and testing of a proposed worm-based toilet (wormlet). The presence of E.eugeniae (EE) is found to reduce the total accumulated BW by a maximum of 61.74%. Over five to ten weeks, 1 kg of BW (dry portion) can be processed to 0.49–0.61 kg of vermicast by the EE. The wormlet effluent is of superior quality, as the log 10 removal efficiency of the bedding and filter matrix reached 7.45 and 5.85 for E. coli and faecal coliform, respectively. Helminth egg removal was found to be 97% within the 75-cm depth. Average organics and nutrient removal efficiencies are 99–100% for total solids and total suspended solids; 99% and 98% for the biochemical and chemical oxygen demand, respectively. Removal efficiencies between 97 and 99% were found for NH4+, NO3−, NO2−, and PO43−. A 100% turbidity removal was found in the systems containing charcoal. Thus, the wormlet appears to be superior for in-situ BW treatment, generating sub-products that can be reused or safely discarded. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 273-286 Issue: 3 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1755105 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1755105 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:3:p:273-286 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1734325_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: L. C. Razanamahandry Author-X-Name-First: L. C. Author-X-Name-Last: Razanamahandry Author-Name: P. M. Digbeu Author-X-Name-First: P. M. Author-X-Name-Last: Digbeu Author-Name: H. A. Andrianisa Author-X-Name-First: H. A. Author-X-Name-Last: Andrianisa Author-Name: H. Karoui Author-X-Name-First: H. Author-X-Name-Last: Karoui Author-Name: J. Podgorski Author-X-Name-First: J. Author-X-Name-Last: Podgorski Author-Name: E. Manikandan Author-X-Name-First: E. Author-X-Name-Last: Manikandan Author-Name: M. Maaza Author-X-Name-First: M. Author-X-Name-Last: Maaza Author-Name: H. Yacouba Author-X-Name-First: H. Author-X-Name-Last: Yacouba Title: Comparative methods for predicting cyanide pollution in artisanal small-scale gold mining catchment by using logistic regression and kriging with GIS Abstract: It has been reported that persistent cyanide pollution occurs in artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASGM) catchment areas in Burkina Faso. In the present study, logistic regression (LR) and Regression Kriging (RK) methods were applied to predict cyanide pollution hazard at the catchment level as well as to determine the most vulnerable areas to prioritize for restoration of degraded ecosystems. Soil samples were collected from two ASGM sites in Burkina Faso: the northern Zougnazagmiline site and the southern Galgouli site. Free cyanide (FCN) concentration in each sample was measured and the use of the LR and RK methods identified the relationships between pollution sources and pathways. However, RK was able to identify more areas with a high cyanide hazard than LR. Nevertheless, the two methods reveal that the cyanidation zones and catchments outlets within the two catchments are where the highest risk of cyanide pollution occurs, with probabilities of 0.8 and 1 in Zougnazagmiline and Galgouli, respectively. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 287-295 Issue: 3 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1734325 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1734325 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:3:p:287-295 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1742481_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Oi Mangoua Jules Mangoua Author-X-Name-First: Oi Mangoua Jules Author-X-Name-Last: Mangoua Author-Name: Kouamé Auguste Kouassi Author-X-Name-First: Kouamé Auguste Author-X-Name-Last: Kouassi Author-Name: Williams Francis Kouassi Author-X-Name-First: Williams Francis Author-X-Name-Last: Kouassi Author-Name: Gountôh Aristide Douagui Author-X-Name-First: Gountôh Aristide Author-X-Name-Last: Douagui Author-Name: Issiaka Savane Author-X-Name-First: Issiaka Author-X-Name-Last: Savane Author-Name: Jean Biemi Author-X-Name-First: Jean Author-X-Name-Last: Biemi Title: Assessment of vulnerability to groundwater pollution in Department of Odienné (North-West Côte d’Ivoire) Abstract: Drinking water supply to populations is increasingly oriented towards the exploitation of groundwater whose quality meets WHO standards. However, groundwater is subjected to a pollution phenomenon of anthropogenic origin due to agro-industrial and mining operations that alter water quality. The objective of this study is to assess the vulnerability to pollution of fractured aquifers in the Department of Odienné in Côte d’Ivoire. The Aquifer Protection based on Protection, Reservoir and Infiltration (PaPRI) method, which is an adaptation of the PaPRIKa method of mapping of aquifer vulnerability, was used. The results show four classes, ranging from low vulnerability to very high vulnerability. The study area is dominated by an intermediate vulnerability class corresponding to 52% of the study area followed by high and very high vulnerability classes, which represent 42% of the study area. This predominance shows that groundwater in the Odienné region is exposed to a high risk of pollution. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 297-303 Issue: 3 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1742481 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1742481 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:3:p:297-303 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1755106_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Adingra Paul Arsène Kouassi Author-X-Name-First: Adingra Paul Arsène Author-X-Name-Last: Kouassi Author-Name: Siaka Touré Author-X-Name-First: Siaka Author-X-Name-Last: Touré Author-Name: Wanignon Ferdinand Fassinou Author-X-Name-First: Wanignon Ferdinand Author-X-Name-Last: Fassinou Title: Optimization of the production and storage of cold in a mechanical compression solar refrigerator Abstract: Design, optimization and realization of high-performance photovoltaic systems are topical issues. Especially in photovoltaic solar refrigeration machines, the cost and the lifetime of electrochemical batteries limit the development of these systems in places well served by solar radiation. The objective of the present study is to limit the action of the electrochemical battery in mechanical compression solar refrigeration systems by cold storage in a phase change material. From the cooling tests on a quantity of water bags, replacing the vaccines, we evaluated the overall energy consumption of the refrigerator, and the effect of the addition of a 24 liter-cold battery, placed inside a 150 liter-refrigerated enclosure. This action significantly reduced the daily energy consumption of the refrigerator from 59 to 34 Ah.d−1, a reduction of 42%. In addition, the thermal energy stored by the cold battery during this process made it possible to maintain the temperature of the water bags between 2°C and 8°C for more than 6.5 days without supplying electrical energy. The cold storage by latent heat of solidification not only improves the internal thermal inertia of the refrigerator, but also replaces a portion of the electrical energy of the photovoltaic generator. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 305-316 Issue: 3 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1755106 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1755106 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:3:p:305-316 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1732080_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Aboubakar Gomna Author-X-Name-First: Aboubakar Author-X-Name-Last: Gomna Author-Name: Kokouvi Edem N’Tsoukpoe Author-X-Name-First: Kokouvi Edem Author-X-Name-Last: N’Tsoukpoe Author-Name: Nolwenn Le Pierrès Author-X-Name-First: Nolwenn Author-X-Name-Last: Le Pierrès Author-Name: Yézouma Coulibaly Author-X-Name-First: Yézouma Author-X-Name-Last: Coulibaly Title: Thermal stability of a vegetable oil-based thermal fluid at high temperature Abstract: Synthetic and mineral oils are widely used in high temperature processes (above 200°C) as heat transfer fluids or thermal storage materials. Mineral oils are essentially derived from petroleum that is depleting and synthetic oils are expensive. Furthermore, these oils are toxic to the environment. Today, with environmental concerns, vegetable oils have gained considerable interest. Vegetable oils are renewable, environmentally friendly and non-hazardous resources. Refined Jatropha curcas oil, a vegetable oil, has been identified as a possible thermal oil for high temperature applications such as concentrating solar power. The vegetable oil was thermally aged at 210°C for up to 2160 h. The volatile materials were below 5% from 100°C to 300°C. The specific heat capacity remained constant at 2.4 kJ·kg−1·°C−1 and had a density increase of 2%. The viscosity of aged oil at 100°C was quite similar to that of the new oil. The flash point was around 175°C after 2160 h versus 220°C for the new oil. Based on these results, refined Jatropha curcas oil presents real potential as a heat transfer fluid and thermal storage material. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 317-326 Issue: 3 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1732080 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1732080 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:3:p:317-326 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1733796_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Sémondji Salvien Pyrrhus Agbon Author-X-Name-First: Sémondji Salvien Pyrrhus Author-X-Name-Last: Agbon Author-Name: Nelly Carine Kelome Author-X-Name-First: Nelly Carine Author-X-Name-Last: Kelome Author-Name: Luc Adissin Glodji Author-X-Name-First: Luc Author-X-Name-Last: Adissin Glodji Title: Preliminary mineralogical and geotechnical characteristics of Zogbodomey clays in the coastal sedimentary basin of Benin (West Africa) Abstract: The Benin coastal sedimentary basin is filled with deposits of clays of diverse nature. This study focused on the characteristics of clayey materials of Zogbodomey in sight of their valorization in the construction and ceramics sectors. The clay deposit is covered by a lateritic layer of 2.5 m thickness around. The reserve updated of the deposit is estimated at 53,198,437 tons. The Clays are composed of 56.7% of kaolinite, 31.96 smectite and 6.79% of quartz. The plastic and liquid limits are 38% and 118%, respectively, with a plasticity index of 80%. Drying and firing shrinkage of the bricks of 3.125% and 3.25%, respectively, are acceptable. The compression strength of the bricks of 10 and 15, hollow block 15 and facing bricks is 1.3; 1.5; 2.7 and 8.6 MPA, respectively. These values are consistent with the standards recommended by the National Test Center and Research of Work Public (CNERTP). The characteristics of Zogbodomey clays are favourable for their use inr the manufacture of baked bricks. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 327-332 Issue: 3 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1733796 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1733796 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:3:p:327-332 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1380586_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Swapan Kumar Patra Author-X-Name-First: Swapan Kumar Author-X-Name-Last: Patra Author-Name: Mammo Muchie Author-X-Name-First: Mammo Author-X-Name-Last: Muchie Title: Science, technology and innovation in BRICS countries: Introduction to the special issue Abstract: The BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) economies have been the subject of many scholarly studies in recent years, as well as featuring in the popular media. This special issue of the African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development (AJSTID) called for original research contributions in the various aspects of Science Technology and Innovation (STI) studies in the BRICS group of emerging economics. The issue is composed of 11 research papers on different STI topics relevant to the BRICS countries. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 499-501 Issue: 5 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1380586 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1380586 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:5:p:499-501 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1308069_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Swarup Santra Author-X-Name-First: Swarup Author-X-Name-Last: Santra Title: The effect of technological innovation on production-based energy and CO2 emission productivity: Evidence from BRICS countries Abstract: Collectively, Brazil, the Russian Federation, India, China and South Africa (known as BRICS) are emerging as an economic superpower. In 2014, BRICS countries accounted for approximately 40% of the total world population, 30% of the total earth surface and almost 20% of the world’s economic output. Along with increasing economic growth in BRICS countries, energy usage and related carbon emissions are drawing increasing attention as a result of increasing international concern about climate change. Environmental policy has two types of role to play in the economic process. On one hand, firms can adopt or purchase existing ‘cleaner’ technology; on the other hand, they can invest in R&D for inventing new ‘cleaner’ technology. A panel data econometrics analysis of the relevant variables taken from the OECD data set for the period 2005–2012 reveals that innovative environment-related technology has had a sound impact on the sustainable performance of BRICS countries, with the green technological innovations having helped firms and countries, as a whole, to reduce their energy absorption and CO2 emissions. These technologies have positively helped to improve production-based energy productivity and production-based CO2 emission productivity. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 503-512 Issue: 5 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1308069 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1308069 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:5:p:503-512 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1327923_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Chux U. Daniels Author-X-Name-First: Chux U. Author-X-Name-Last: Daniels Author-Name: Olga Ustyuzhantseva Author-X-Name-First: Olga Author-X-Name-Last: Ustyuzhantseva Author-Name: Wei Yao Author-X-Name-First: Wei Author-X-Name-Last: Yao Title: Innovation for inclusive development, public policy support and triple helix: perspectives from BRICS Abstract: This paper investigates the role of innovation in (inclusive) development – subsequently referred to as innovation for inclusive development (IID) and the links to public policy in BRICS (Brazil, Russia India, China and South Africa) countries. To achieve this aim, the authors examine the roles played by Triple Helix actors (THA), namely university, industry and government in IID activities across BRICS countries, drawing on the national systems of innovation (NSI) framework. The findings indicate that: (1) significant gaps exist in literature useful in advancing our knowledge of innovation as a mechanism for inclusive development; (2) BRICS countries focus, mostly, on innovation in the broad sense, with less attention paid to IID, the essence of this paper. One reason for this gap may lie in the inability to conceptualize and theorize innovation as a mechanism for including the wider society in socio-economic and development activities, or the lack of appreciation of the potential roles that innovation can play in development; (3) there is absence of specific public policies and policy support for IID in BRICS; and, (4) paucity of empirical evidence needed to critically analyse and explain the roles that THA in BRICS play in innovation ecosystems. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 513-527 Issue: 5 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1327923 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1327923 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:5:p:513-527 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1305643_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Kashmiri Lal Author-X-Name-First: Kashmiri Author-X-Name-Last: Lal Title: Design patents: A snapshot study of the BRICS economies Abstract: This study is an attempt to examine the profile of design patents among the BRICS economies by examining design patents issued by the United States Patents and Trademark Office (USPTO), for the period 2002–2011. During this period, China was granted the most patents followed by Brazil, India, South Africa and Russia. In terms of the proportion of design to the utility patents, three countries, viz. China, Brazil, and South Africa dominated. An analysis of the results showed that China had produced two-third of the total patents in the design category. For all the aforementioned countries, most of the design patents were granted within a period of one year from the date of filing. For India, one-third of the design patents were issued in the jewellery and ornaments category followed by the apparatus tools and equipment category. In the case of Brazil, Russia, China and South Africa, the largest segment for which design patents were issued was the apparatus tools and equipment, followed by goods packaging. Most of the design patents in the BRICS region were issued to individual inventors, and two inventor teams received the second highest number of patents. As the largest percentage of inventors belonged to the BRICS countries, the United States was observed as the most affiliate country, closely followed by the other European countries. However, some prominent Asian countries were also noted for their close ties with the region. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 529-538 Issue: 5 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1305643 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1305643 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:5:p:529-538 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1359436_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Angathevar Baskaran Author-X-Name-First: Angathevar Author-X-Name-Last: Baskaran Author-Name: Ju Liu Author-X-Name-First: Ju Author-X-Name-Last: Liu Author-Name: Hui Yan Author-X-Name-First: Hui Author-X-Name-Last: Yan Author-Name: Mammo Muchie Author-X-Name-First: Mammo Author-X-Name-Last: Muchie Title: Outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) and knowledge flow in the context of emerging MNEs: Cases from China, India and South Africa Abstract: The paper explores the factors driving Outward Foreign Direct Investment (OFDI) by Emerging multinational enterprisess (EMNEs) and the patterns of knowledge transfer in six cases of EMNEs from three BRICS’ economies (India, China and South Africa). It found that there are significant differences between the OFDI from EMNEs and Developed multinational enterprise (DMNEs), which cannot be explained by using traditional FDI models. The way that EMNEs enter and operate in developed and developing countries are different. Knowledge transfers between EMNEs and developing host economies are predominantly one way and the former transfers more technology and knowledge than they gain. In the case of EMNEs and developed host economies, the knowledge and technology transfers appears to be more evenly matched, a two-way street benefitting both parties. The paper makes two major contributions: (i) it attempts to identify and distinguish the factors driving OFDI and patterns of knowledge transfer of OFDI from EMNEs and shows how they differ from DMNEs; (ii) it highlights aspects of OFDI by EMNEs such as expansion into countries outside their respective regions, and different patterns of technology and knowledge transfer in the South and North respectively. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 539-555 Issue: 5 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1359436 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1359436 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:5:p:539-555 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1340249_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Swapan Kumar Patra Author-X-Name-First: Swapan Kumar Author-X-Name-Last: Patra Title: Foreign R&D units in India and China: An empirical exploration Abstract: Among the many corporate functions of multinational enterprises (MNEs), their foreign R&D is considered to be the least mobilized. Firms usually keep their crucial R&D activities close to their home base. However, since the 1990s MNEs from developing countries are offshoring their R&D activities to developing Asian countries, particularly in India and China. With this recent trend, the foreign R&D by MNEs is becoming important and has attracted attention all over the globe. This study is an attempt to map this recent trend from an in-house developed database on the foreign R&D units in India and China. It also investigates the major motives of firms for choosing India and China as favourable R&D destinations. It is observed from this study that both ‘market-driven’ and ‘technology-driven’ factors are the major motives for MNEs to invest in R&D in these two emerging economies. Firms prefer R&D locations in India and China, where there are knowledge centres with an abundant supply of qualified and highly skilled human resources available at comparatively lower cost. As a result, MNEs’ foreign-based subsidiaries are now increasingly playing a greater role in the generation, use and transmission of knowledge. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 557-571 Issue: 5 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1340249 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1340249 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:5:p:557-571 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1359466_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Amitkumar Singh Akoijam Author-X-Name-First: Amitkumar Singh Author-X-Name-Last: Akoijam Author-Name: V. V. Krishna Author-X-Name-First: V. V. Author-X-Name-Last: Krishna Title: Exploring the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM): Impact on innovation ecosystem in India Abstract: To make India one of the leaders in solar energy generation and to promote ecologically sustainable growth that addresses the nation’s energy security challenge is one of the promising goals of the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) or National Solar Mission. This paper presents the country’s current solar energy scenario and explores ways in which various actors, agencies and policies shape the mission from the different perspectives on innovation literature. Innovation ecosystem is one of the perspectives where the sense of environment or ecology of various institutions, actors and other factors surrounds the activity of research and innovation. In this ecosystem, there is no single actor that can perform independently. The research outcomes, especially the patents, research publications and R&D investment, have become an increasingly essential area after the announcement of the JNNSM. The study also highlights that the number of research papers published in relation to solar energy has increased and there is a significant presence of productive R&D institutions, universities and supportive policy initiatives in the country. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 573-585 Issue: 5 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1359466 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1359466 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:5:p:573-585 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1355433_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Graziela Ferrero Zucoloto Author-X-Name-First: Graziela Ferrero Author-X-Name-Last: Zucoloto Author-Name: Julio Raffo Author-X-Name-First: Julio Author-X-Name-Last: Raffo Author-Name: Sergio Leão Author-X-Name-First: Sergio Author-X-Name-Last: Leão Title: Technological appropriability and export performance of Brazilian firms Abstract: This paper aims to evaluate the strategies of Brazilian manufacturing firms in their use of intellectual property (IP) and its impact on their export performance. Although the correlation between exports and innovative activities is already consolidated in the existing literature, this study contributes by analyzing the extent to which export performance of innovative firms is related to their different IP-related appropriation strategies. In order to determine this, we analyzed the export behaviour of innovative industrial firms, aiming to identify the relevance of each IP appropriation instrument, including invention patents, utility models, industrial designs and trademarks.The paper presents an overview of previous findings about innovation, technological appropriability and export performance. It also discusses the relationship between innovation and exports in Brazil, showing that innovative Brazilian firms tend to export more than non-innovative ones, which corroborates the main literature findings. Using cross-section and panel data, the impact of technological appropriability on export performance of Brazilian innovative firms is evaluated. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 587-606 Issue: 5 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1355433 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1355433 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:5:p:587-606 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1327932_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Oluwayemisi Adebola Oyekunle Author-X-Name-First: Oluwayemisi Adebola Author-X-Name-Last: Oyekunle Title: The contribution of creative industries to sustainable urban development in South Africa Abstract: South African policymakers are increasingly advocating for creative industry entrepreneurship to play a vital role in the economic development of cities, for example, by creating pathways for job creation and encouraging urban regeneration. The question, ‘How can we use creative industries for the economic regeneration of urban regions?’ is dealt with in this study. This paper addresses the question in three ways: examining the international debates about the effectiveness of creative projects as tools for urban development; deliberating on the factors that cause city authorities to put more importance on policies guiding creative industries; and describing the evolution of creative industries in two South African cities: Johannesburg and Cape Town.In this paper, I argue that the role of creative industries in South Africa, as a promoter of urban development as an essential component of broader development plans, has been dynamic, but also problematic at times. I interrogate the role of creative industries in a range of areas: urban regeneration; the integration of creativity in urban development projects; the current creative economy indicators; policies to address creative diversity and social inclusion issues within the communities; and the potential of creative projects for community empowerment and involvement. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 607-616 Issue: 5 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1327932 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1327932 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:5:p:607-616 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1359465_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Nidhi Singh Author-X-Name-First: Nidhi Author-X-Name-Last: Singh Author-Name: Dinesh Abrol Author-X-Name-First: Dinesh Author-X-Name-Last: Abrol Title: In-vitro diagnostics (IVDs) innovations for resource-poor settings: The Indian experience Abstract: This article illustrates how the present institutional arrangements and the policy regime under perusal have not been able to support the development of an ecosystem for innovation-making for in-vitro diagnostics (IVDs) for resource-poor settings. Policies favouring trade liberalization and foreign direct investment, market deregulation, strong intellectual property rights, absence of stringent regulations of accreditation and quality control and limiting public R&D support to basic research and development of scientific and technical manpower have defined the dynamics of innovation-making for the IVDs in India since the year 2000. Investment in the IVDs for the management of priority diseases for resource-poor settings continues to be only a small fraction of the R&D investment, translational research and market formation in India. Seventy-five per cent of diagnostics needs are still met through imported and maladapted diagnostic innovations. Although with the help of public-funded policy initiatives undertaken by the government there are now some young start-ups that have emerged and are beginning to focus on some of the diagnostic needs and challenges facing resource-poor settings, but they have not been able to enter the market with fully developed products in any kind of significant way. Low levels of interest in innovation, making for resource-poor settings, is reflected in the system-building activities of public sector R&D institutions, industry and the healthcare system. Lack of collaboration between national R&D institutions and large domestic firms continues to be the defining feature of the national innovation system in the case of IVDs. Innovation-making for resource-poor settings is yet to become a priority for the challenge-based innovation system-building approach. Analysis confirms the impact of convergence of neo-liberal deregulation, trade liberalization and investment liberalization on the processes of fragmentation and underdevelopment of capabilities, preference for market calculations over social calculations and undervaluation of the needs of resource-poor settings. Since the relevant actors have been bidding a good-bye to the values of universality, equality and comprehensiveness, the neglect of non-market based social calculations is reflected in the innovation-making practice of R&D institutions and industry. The article suggests that the challenge of innovation-making for resource-poor settings cannot be tackled without shifting away from the path of deregulation, liberalization of trade and investment, and moving into the implementation of a challenge-based innovation system-building approach by the state, in the case of IVDs. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 617-636 Issue: 5 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1359465 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1359465 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:5:p:617-636 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1327922_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: N. Yu. Samsonov Author-X-Name-First: N. Yu. Author-X-Name-Last: Samsonov Author-Name: A. V. Tolstov Author-X-Name-First: A. V. Author-X-Name-Last: Tolstov Author-Name: N. P. Pokhilenko Author-X-Name-First: N. P. Author-X-Name-Last: Pokhilenko Author-Name: V. A. Krykov Author-X-Name-First: V. A. Author-X-Name-Last: Krykov Author-Name: S. R. Khalimova Author-X-Name-First: S. R. Author-X-Name-Last: Khalimova Title: Possibilities of Russian hi-tech rare earth products to meet industrial needs of BRICS countries Abstract: The prospects of the creation in Russia of a new scientific and technological sector of production from rare earth materials from the unique niobium rare earth Tomtor deposit (Russia, Yakutia) are discussed in this article. The authors show that an effective innovative technological chain ‘ore processing – getting highly liquid REM-products’ could be created. This could make it possible in the near future to begin the integration of Russian products into the global market of highly liquid rare and rare earth metals where today two BRICS countries – China and Brazil – are in the leading positions. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 637-644 Issue: 5 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1327922 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1327922 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:5:p:637-644 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1358917_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: MME ‘Tshidi’ Mohapeloa Author-X-Name-First: MME ‘Tshidi’ Author-X-Name-Last: Mohapeloa Title: Developing an entrepreneurial mindset within the social sector: A review of the South African context Abstract: Aim of paper: This paper explores how an entrepreneurial mindset can be developed using a South African case due to its complexities of high social challenges in a middle-income country. These complexities have restricted opportunities at which the social sector operates.Methodology: Empirical research was used to collect research papers on social entrepreneurs, with reference to social entrepreneur (ship) in South Africa. A search using Scopus with key words ‘social entrepreneur (ship)’ and ‘South Africa’ yielded 63 documents. The core question was to determine how the development of the entrepreneurial mindset has been documented in South Africa’s social sector with specific reference to the non-profit sector to create social value.Key findings: Developing an entrepreneurial mindset means influencing not only ways of thinking, skills and knowledge, but also a reflection through attitudes and an observable set of behavioural patterns.Practical implications: The development of a conscious awareness that incorporates social and environmental issues and a contribution of ‘Ubuntu’ principles with a combination of resources for a mix of innovation to target social needs.Conclusion: A targeted educational curriculum (both at school and institutions of higher learning) is required to integrate entrepreneurial development with a social focus Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 645-652 Issue: 5 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1358917 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1358917 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:5:p:645-652 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1376397_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Erratum Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 653-653 Issue: 5 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1376397 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1376397 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:5:p:653-653 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1031460_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Clément Ahouannou Author-X-Name-First: Clément Author-X-Name-Last: Ahouannou Author-Name: Fidèle Tchobo Author-X-Name-First: Fidèle Author-X-Name-Last: Tchobo Author-Name: Emile A. Sanya Author-X-Name-First: Emile A. Author-X-Name-Last: Sanya Author-Name: Christa Lokossou Author-X-Name-First: Christa Author-X-Name-Last: Lokossou Author-Name: Mohamed Soumanou Author-X-Name-First: Mohamed Author-X-Name-Last: Soumanou Title: Performance and design optimisation of an apparatus for distilling palm wine (Elaeis guineensis) by controlling thermal operations Abstract: Mastery of thermal control in the craft distillation processing operations of fermented wine from Elaeis guineensis is needed to improve and enhance the resulting Beninese alcoholic drink, sodabi. In this study, craft distillation of palm-wines from three municipalities of southern Benin was investigated and the influences of wine vapour temperature on some physical-chemical parameters of the liquor produced were analysed. Palm wines, handcraft distilled, presented relative density values between 0.90 to 0.96, volumetric alcoholic strength from 35.16 to 46.29% (v/v), acetic acid content of 1.17 to 3.29 g/l and pH-values of 3.7– 4.2. A series of palm-wine distillations, from liquor-producing farms, controlled by maintaining the heating temperature at 94 ± 1 °C, was also performed. The values of characteristic parameters were then respectively 0.84 to 0.93, 38.05 to 52.72% (v/v), 0.35 to 0.39 g/l and 4 to 4.25. From analysis of these results, we conclude that the high values of wine heating temperature, well above 100 °C, induce a significant increase in relative density and acetic acid content of sodabi and a decrease of its volumetric alcoholic strength and pH-value. Controlled laboratory distillation yielded a distillate which has the best features of spirituous and thermal efficiency. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 165-176 Issue: 3 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1031460 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1031460 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:3:p:165-176 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1032513_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mawuena Aggey Author-X-Name-First: Mawuena Author-X-Name-Last: Aggey Author-Name: Nana Kwamina Tekyi Ghartey Author-X-Name-First: Nana Kwamina Tekyi Author-X-Name-Last: Ghartey Author-Name: Charles Kweku Brown Author-X-Name-First: Charles Kweku Author-X-Name-Last: Brown Title: Dissemination effort, innovation attributes, and variations in innovation dissemination rate Abstract: Innovation-decision type, communication channels, social system, and change agents’ promotion effort influence innovation adoption, but 49–87% of variance in adoption rates is explained by perceived innovation attributes (Rogers 1995). Relationships between adoption rates and these variables are much researched but very little research has been done to determine the relative contribution of these five variables acting jointly. In the same innovation-decision type, communication channels and social system, relative contribution of dissemination effort, linkages and perceived innovation attributes are jointly explored in partial correlation analysis using median effort scores of promotion agents’ and adopters’ perceptions of 15 innovation attributes of 26 innovative practices in a package actively promoted by change agents. When linkages are adequately provided, dissemination effort explains 12.7% of variance in rates comparing well with the greatest response to change agent effort of 3–16%, occurring when opinion leaders adopt (Rogers 1995). It is more than the contribution of any one of 15 attributes studied but less than their total contribution of 20.7% where simplicity alone explains 11.5% of variations. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 177-191 Issue: 3 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1032513 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1032513 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:3:p:177-191 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1040285_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Sesan Peter Ayodeji Author-X-Name-First: Sesan Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Ayodeji Author-Name: Khubulani Mpofu Author-X-Name-First: Khubulani Author-X-Name-Last: Mpofu Author-Name: Oduetse Matsebe Author-X-Name-First: Oduetse Author-X-Name-Last: Matsebe Author-Name: Mohammed Olayinka Olabanji Author-X-Name-First: Mohammed Author-X-Name-Last: Olayinka Olabanji Title: A control system for a poundo yam flour processing plant Abstract: The use of control systems reduces the need for human involvement in food processing plants, reduces stress in the production process, and makes production more efficient and cleaner. A control system was designed for a poundo yam processing plant using the estimated time required by each machine in the plant and the sequence of operation. A flow chart was developed to analyse and study the timing and motion of individual machines and to control the operation of the machines. The C++ programming language was used to programme the programmable logic controller. A circuit was developed to control the electric motors, electric heaters and fans in the processing plant. Evaluation of the developed control system shows that it reduces the time spent per batch production from 7 hours to 5 hours 19 minutes (24.05% time reduction) and increases the efficiency of the plant from 73.4% to 84.90%. Human involvement was reduced by 75% (from 8 steps to just 2). Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 192-200 Issue: 3 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1040285 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1040285 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:3:p:192-200 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1043705_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Albert A. Okunade Author-X-Name-First: Albert A. Author-X-Name-Last: Okunade Title: Technological capacity and other determinants of economic performance in African countries: Panel data evidence Abstract: The determinants of aggregate economic performance in African countries are economic, institutional and political. To date, rarely has research included a specific conceptual measure of technological index among the core determinants. Consequently, for the first time in the economic development literature this paper employs a unique measure of the national technological capacity index (constructed for RAND and surprisingly covering most African countries) as a determinant. Panel data regression model estimates of the determinants of economic output (Gross National Income, or GNI) are obtained using data on 49 of the 53 African countries. Our novel findings confirm that the lagging technological capacities, measured relative to the most advanced economy, significantly retard national outputs; trade openness and democratic government form improve economic performance; and increasing returns to education (investments in schooling) are highly potent catalysts for the production of GNI. Policy implications are discussed. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 201-206 Issue: 3 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1043705 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1043705 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:3:p:201-206 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1043706_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: R.Y. Tamakloe Author-X-Name-First: R.Y. Author-X-Name-Last: Tamakloe Author-Name: T. Opoku-Donkor Author-X-Name-First: T. Author-X-Name-Last: Opoku-Donkor Author-Name: M.K.E. Donkor Author-X-Name-First: M.K.E. Author-X-Name-Last: Donkor Author-Name: H. Agamasu Author-X-Name-First: H. Author-X-Name-Last: Agamasu Title: Comparative study of double-chamber microbial fuel cells (DC-MFCs) using Mfensi clay as ion-exchange-partition: Effect of electrodes Abstract: An alternative answer to the vital issues of electricity production and wastewater treatment leads to the application of microbial fuel cells. This study has developed a low-cost double-chambered microbial fuel cell (MFC) for electricity generation, which can also be used for simultaneous wastewater treatment. These fuel cells were constructed using cheap Mfensi clay as an ion-exchange-partition and compared two types of electrode combination that work at temperatures between 25 °C and 27 °C. The performance of the cell assemblage was affected by the type of electrodes used. Experimental results showed maximum power densities of 118 mW/m2 and 79 mW/m2 respectively for the pot-zinc/copper pair of electrodes and pot-graphite/graphite pair of electrodes. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 207-210 Issue: 3 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1043706 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1043706 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:3:p:207-210 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1055908_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Athman H. Mgumia Author-X-Name-First: Athman H. Author-X-Name-Last: Mgumia Author-Name: Amon Z. Mattee Author-X-Name-First: Amon Z. Author-X-Name-Last: Mattee Author-Name: Beatus A.T. Kundi Author-X-Name-First: Beatus A.T. Author-X-Name-Last: Kundi Title: The application of the agricultural innovation system approach in technology development in Tanzania: researchers' perceptions and practices Abstract: This paper examines the perceptions of researchers towards features of the innovation system approach. It also examines the extent of incorporation of these features into Tanzania's existing National Agricultural Research System (NARS). Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected from 100 purposefully selected researchers from 13 public and three private research institutes, and one university. Most (81%) of the researchers perceive end-users (farmers) as an important actor. Other actors such as intermediary organisations (extension), regulatory bodies and entrepreneurs are perceived as important by half (50%) of the researchers. On the other hand, most of the researchers perceive the roles of these actors to be similar to the traditional roles of actors under NARS. The indicators used in measuring the success of agricultural innovation were mainly associated with the pattern of adoption and productivity potential of technologies, suggesting that a linear model of innovation is still dominant in NARS. We conclude that the mode of agricultural innovation under NARS in Tanzania is in transition from a linear to a system model of innovation. The study suggested that policies should be redesigned to include wider participation of stakeholders in agricultural innovation; the mandate and capacity of extension services should be expanded to include facilitation of innovation; and indicators of monitoring and evaluation should be all-inclusive to include technical and social changes. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 211-219 Issue: 3 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1055908 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1055908 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:3:p:211-219 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_866763_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mammo Muchie Author-X-Name-First: Mammo Author-X-Name-Last: Muchie Author-Name: Anga Baskaran Author-X-Name-First: Anga Author-X-Name-Last: Baskaran Title: Notes from the editors Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 343-344 Issue: 5 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.866763 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.866763 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:5:p:343-344 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_829287_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Alex Bara Author-X-Name-First: Alex Author-X-Name-Last: Bara Title: Mobile Money for Financial Inclusion: Policy and Regulatory Perspective in Zimbabwe Abstract: The introduction of mobile telephony and innovative technology in financial services is forcing regulators to re-evaluate their rules for financial service provision. Zimbabwe also adopted mobile financial service, and has realised rapid growth in mobile financial services. Inevitably, it has also been confronted with the regulatory challenges associated with Mobile Money (MM). The country has benchmarked its policy and regulation for MM products on international standards, more specifically, on the Kenya's M-PESA Model. The Central Bank (Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe [RBZ]) has used the National Payment System Act as well as internally developed policy guidelines to regulate mobile financial services. The major shortfalls of the current regulatory framework include lack of clarity on how overlaps and conflicts of regulators and players are addressed, limitation of products, the question of legality and non-enforceability of some frameworks and lack of emphasis on financial inclusion. This article uses interviews and discussions with key stakeholders, as well as review of published literature to make a number of recommendations. Key among these recommendations include the need for enactment of the Electronic Money Act which regulates mobile financial services, proactiveness of the regulators in coming up with suitable regulation after innovation, harmonization of regulation to address potential conflict of regulators and individual institutions and engagement of international experts in coming up with such regulation. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 345-354 Issue: 5 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.829287 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.829287 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:5:p:345-354 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_829295_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Tonny K. Omwansa Author-X-Name-First: Tonny K. Author-X-Name-Last: Omwansa Author-Name: Timothy M. Waema Author-X-Name-First: Timothy M. Author-X-Name-Last: Waema Author-Name: Charlene Chen Author-X-Name-First: Charlene Author-X-Name-Last: Chen Author-Name: Nicholas P. Sullivan Author-X-Name-First: Nicholas P. Author-X-Name-Last: Sullivan Title: The Mobile Phone as the Tool to Redefine Savings for the Poor: Evidence from Kenya Abstract: Research conducted on the poor and their finances indicate that there is a need to develop financial instruments that specifically fit their needs. However, banks have not been able to provide such services, because the returns do not justify the cost of delivering them. The uptake of mobile phones and mobile money (in various guises) in recent years has been tremendous and widely documented. While the basic product is person-to-person money transfer, more sophisticated financial products designed for the poor are now coming on line. This article describes the experience of Kickstart in Kenya designing, piloting, deploying and sustaining a mobile phone savings application, leveraging the widely popular M-PESA money transfer service to target poor, small-scale farmers. KickStart, a non-profit organization headquartered in Kenya, designed a ‘Mobile Layaway’ service that enables farmers to make mobile payments of any amount and of any frequency to purchase human-powered irrigation pumps. The specific goal is to help farmers amass a lump sum for a major equipment purchase (foot-pedaled water pump). After the pilot, the flexible and targeted mobile-layaway program recorded over 95% success rate, with most farmers saving faster than they expected, giving a lot of hope that such saving tools can actually provide a safer, more secure, and more effective way to save for products and services. In addition, more women were able to buy water pumps than without the savings program. This article suggests that the success of Kickstart's Mobile Layaway provides a template for other similar products targeting the base of the pyramid, and draws lessons from the Kickstart pilot that may prove valuable for other mobile-money firms and financial service providers. The paper also presents two lessons learned in the design and implementation of the mobile money product; that iterative mobile money product design is critical for success and that simple solutions do overcome the issue of mistrust. It also makes some conclusions and recommendations for further research work. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 355-361 Issue: 5 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.829295 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.829295 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:5:p:355-361 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_829297_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Martina Mulwa Author-X-Name-First: Martina Author-X-Name-Last: Mulwa Author-Name: Ndeti Ndati Author-X-Name-First: Ndeti Author-X-Name-Last: Ndati Title: Integrated Marketing Communication and Technology Adoption: A Case of Safaricom's M-PESA Mobile Money Transfer Services in Kenya Abstract: Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) is an aggressive marketing plan that captures and uses an extensive amount of customer information in setting and tracking marketing strategy. This study sought to investigate the IMC strategies used with the M-PESA money transfer services in Kenya necessitated by the fact that similar mobile money transfer services existed in Kenya but did not experience the same success in uptake and use as M-PESA. The case study method was used allowing for qualitative and quantitative analysis and interpretation of data. The population was sampled using both purposive and non purposive sampling procedures. A sample of 48 users, agents and Safaricom officials participated in the actual research. Areas of concern included an exploration of critical and unique features of the product design and implementation strategies adopted by the Safaricom Company. Data collection tools included interviews, a focus group discussion, survey, observation and content analysis complimented by knowledge gained from product launches and seminars. The findings confirmed that Safaricom had used IMC strategies befitting their target market compared to its competition to diffuse information on the M-PESA innovation and thus the success of its adoption could be attributed to the unique IMC strategies. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 363-371 Issue: 5 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.829297 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.829297 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:5:p:363-371 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_829298_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Joseph M. Kizza Author-X-Name-First: Joseph M. Author-X-Name-Last: Kizza Title: Mobile Money Technology and the Fast Disappearing African Digital Divide Abstract: Africa had a late start in the race to acquire most technologies and more so the information communication technologies (ICT). This last place in the race, compared to other continents, created the largest and deepest digital divide ever recorded in any technology for Africa. But the wind of change has unexpectedly started blowing across the continent following the rapid developments in digital technologies in the last 20 years. This coupled with the new African quest for technological acquisition driven mostly by an unprecedented indigenous interest in technological development and the numerous and sometimes ambitious initiatives by NGOs, the donor community and African governments themselves who have made comparatively huge investments in human capital development, have all created an environment where, for the first time in the history of Africa, Africans are running abreast with the rest of the world in the development of some technological milestones, including the mobile money payment system technology. The long awaited African technological dawn may be in sight. The article explores this amazing technological transformation of the African landscape and in particular focuses on the role of mobile money payment system in this transformation, one of the technologies that is cutting across the social economic stratification of the complex African societies and invigorate and excite the African elites as well as the rural poor, the unbanked and the unbankable, all in the process of accomplishing what other technologies of the past have failed to do in the last 50 years of African independence, that is to effectively start to narrow the insurmountable digital divide. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 373-378 Issue: 5 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.829298 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.829298 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:5:p:373-378 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_829299_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Simon Mwaniki Gachago Author-X-Name-First: Simon Mwaniki Author-X-Name-Last: Gachago Title: Mobile-based Verification in Anti-counterfeit Commodity Supply Chain Management Systems Abstract: This article describes a proposed system that integrates a mobile-based solution to fight counterfeit products and uses the supply chain system to illustrate the solution. The system, referred to as the anti-counterfeit commodity supply chain management system, provides a network which tracks movement of genuine products and allows the end user to authenticate their genuineness through a reward system. All the dealers in a particular line of products are networked from the manufacturer to the retailer. Upon purchase of a product from a networked retail outlet, the customer is issued with a receipt which bears a unique number that he will feed into his mobile phone system. This will prompt a response regarding the authenticity of both the retail outlet and the product either through an affirmative response or by discount rewarding using mobile money transfer. The redeeming of the discount serves both as a motivation to product verification while at the same time fetching the allowed discount. This will tremendously boost confidence in both the product quality and the dealers. It will go a long way in shutting out unscrupulous dealers bent on mere profiteering. The system is most suitable in regulated products like drugs in the pharmaceutical industry and petroleum products in the energy industry. This article describes how the proposed anti-counterfeit commodity supply chain management system would work and outlines its benefits. It also discusses how such a system can be funded, provides some challenges and gives some conclusions. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 379-388 Issue: 5 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.829299 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.829299 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:5:p:379-388 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_834102_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mohammad Ali Shafia Author-X-Name-First: Mohammad Ali Author-X-Name-Last: Shafia Author-Name: Mammo Muchie Author-X-Name-First: Mammo Author-X-Name-Last: Muchie Author-Name: Ali Reza Babakhan Author-X-Name-First: Ali Reza Author-X-Name-Last: Babakhan Title: Articulating the Construct of Organizational Innovativeness in Iranian SMEs Abstract: This paper investigates Small and Medium Sized Enterprises' (SMEs) innovative moves applied to their practical works. The different dimensions of the organizational innovation implication in Iranian SMEs at Qom province are explored. Based on the findings a model was developed wherein the explored dimensions were tested by an empirical study. As part of the practical move, 60 top and middle managers were surveyed by a questionnaire to reveal their concentration innovative pillar. Factor analysis method was applied to measure the degree of their innovativeness. The results illustrate the investigated companies have focused more on ‘Product, Process, and Market Innovations’ from a variety of options available to them. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 389-394 Issue: 5 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.834102 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.834102 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:5:p:389-394 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_834103_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mohammad Ali Shafia Author-X-Name-First: Mohammad Ali Author-X-Name-Last: Shafia Author-Name: Mammo Muchie Author-X-Name-First: Mammo Author-X-Name-Last: Muchie Author-Name: Ali Reza Babakhan Author-X-Name-First: Ali Reza Author-X-Name-Last: Babakhan Title: Proposing Organizational Self Sufficiency Theory Abstract: It is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the positive impacts of advanced manufacturing technologies (AMTs) on organizational performance. Many firms from developing countries attempt to import AMTs from foreign suppliers in order to improve their products' qualities, reduce costs and so on. This article, in addition to articulation of AMTs' benefits, tries to open up a new window of opportunity to analyze their possible threats as well. It seems that importing machinery without adequate planning may only gain short-term profits, and cause long-lived dependence on suppliers. To examine this assumption, a conversation analysis is conducted to identify the possible threats by interviewing 33 people, including middle managers and engineers from some developing countries which try to move in line with development, such as Iran, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Malaysia, and China. After eliciting the current problems of importing AMTs, Grounded theory (GT) is conducted to design a framework to overcome the threats and benefit from beneficiaries of imported goods. The final extracted model, which is confirmed by the participant experts of this investigation, is named Organizational Self-Sufficiency Theory. The core implication of this theory is that organizations should design a structure in which they can communicate with their external environment and maintain their independence by employing appropriate strategies. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 395-398 Issue: 5 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.834103 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.834103 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:5:p:395-398 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_837283_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Zeleke Worku Author-X-Name-First: Zeleke Author-X-Name-Last: Worku Author-Name: Mammo Muchie Author-X-Name-First: Mammo Author-X-Name-Last: Muchie Title: The Impact of Underutilization of Modern Family Planning Methods on Adverse Outcomes of Pregnancy in Women Aged 15 to 49 in Pretoria, South Africa Abstract: This paper is a result of a 6-year long follow-up study that was conducted in Pretoria, South Africa between 2004 and 2009 in order to assess the impact of underutilization of modern family planning methods on adverse outcomes of pregnancy in women of the childbearing age of 15–49 years. The Cox Proportional Hazards Model was used for estimating hazard ratios. Multilevel analysis was used for estimating variability in the utilization of modern family planning methods at service delivery wards and health service facilities. The study showed that women who experienced adverse outcomes of pregnancy were characterized by poor utilization of reproductive health and modern family planning services. The percentage of women who regularly used modern family planning methods such as condoms, pills, injections, intra-uterine devices and sterilization was 41.74%. The average ages of women at first sex and pregnancy were 18.72 and 19.36 years, respectively. Adverse outcomes of pregnancy occurred in 12.19% of women. Based on odds ratios (ORs) estimated from binary logistic regression analysis, utilization of contraceptives was significantly influenced by the degree of access to family planning services, level of support from sexual partner, and young age at first pregnancy. The occurrence of adverse outcomes of pregnancy was significantly influenced by easy access to family planning services, unwanted pregnancy, and young age at first pregnancy. There was a significant difference among the 20 health service delivery wards and 11 health service facilities in which reproductive health services were delivered to women with regards to the quality of service delivery. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 399-410 Issue: 5 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.837283 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.837283 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:5:p:399-410 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_837284_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: B.A. Oluwale Author-X-Name-First: B.A. Author-X-Name-Last: Oluwale Author-Name: M.O. Ilori Author-X-Name-First: M.O. Author-X-Name-Last: Ilori Author-Name: T.O. Oyebisi Author-X-Name-First: T.O. Author-X-Name-Last: Oyebisi Title: Clustering and Innovation in the Auto-mechanic Industry in Nigeria Abstract: This study determined the effect of clustering on innovation in the auto-mechanic industry in south-western Nigeria. It involved 13 auto-mechanic villages (clusters) comprising of 237 master mechanics located within Lagos and Ogun states and 145 master mechanics in Osun state stand-alone mechanic workshops. The cluster mechanics were purposively selected while the stand-alone ones were randomly chosen. The selected places were auto-mechanic villages in Ikeja, Agege, Isolo, Onigbongbo and Ojokoro local governments (LGs) in Lagos state. The Ogun state mechanic clusters were located in Ijebu Ode, Sagamu, Odogbolu and Odeda LGs, while the Osun stand-alone workshops were located in Osogbo, Olorunda, Awo and Egbedore LGs. The research instruments employed were questionnaires, interviews and personal observations. The results obtained showed that the master mechanics within clusters were generally more educated than their stand-alone counterparts. The cluster mechanics recorded higher frequencies of modifications and improved working techniques than the stand-alone mechanic workshops. There were significant differences (p < 0.05) between the stand-alone and clustered firms in terms of innovations for all the years under study. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 411-421 Issue: 5 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.837284 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.837284 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:5:p:411-421 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_837287_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Melissa Siegel Author-X-Name-First: Melissa Author-X-Name-Last: Siegel Author-Name: Sonja Fransen Author-X-Name-First: Sonja Author-X-Name-Last: Fransen Title: New Technologies in Remittance Sending: Opportunities for mobile remittances in Africa Abstract: Mobile remittances have a high development potential as they hold the promise of providing quick, easy and cheap money transfers. In Africa, mobile phone usage has increased sharply and mobile banking providers are extending their services, therefore offering opportunities for mobile remittances. The rise of mobile banking in Africa, however, differs substantially across countries, mainly due to a lack of financial infrastructure. Consequently, the opportunities that mobile banking offers for mobile remittances vary geographically. The services provided do not always meet the needs of remittance senders and the African remittance market is generally under-acknowledged as an important market by providers. Restrictive financial regulations play a key role as well. Mobile remittances have the potential to become an important and revolutionary tool for remittance sending in Africa. Effective policies should therefore address the limitations in the regulatory and financial infrastructure for mobile banking to become the foundation for mobile remittances. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 423-438 Issue: 5 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.837287 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.837287 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:5:p:423-438 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_829286_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Timothy Mwololo Waema Author-X-Name-First: Timothy Mwololo Author-X-Name-Last: Waema Title: Money, Real Quick: Kenya's Disruptive Mobile-Money Innovation Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 439-440 Issue: 5 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.829286 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.829286 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:5:p:439-440 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_867635_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mammo Muchie Author-X-Name-First: Mammo Author-X-Name-Last: Muchie Title: The University in Development: Case Studies of Use-Orientated Research Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 441-442 Issue: 5 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.867635 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.867635 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:5:p:441-442 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1751426_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Olayinka Akanle Author-X-Name-First: Olayinka Author-X-Name-Last: Akanle Author-Name: God’sgift Chinenye Nwanagu Author-X-Name-First: God’sgift Chinenye Author-X-Name-Last: Nwanagu Author-Name: Olufunmilola Esther Akanle Author-X-Name-First: Olufunmilola Esther Author-X-Name-Last: Akanle Title: Social media among distant spouses in South Western Nigeria Abstract: Industrialization and modernization have heighten in Africa and this has implications for marriages and family because they make spouses traverse the socio-technological spaces of the twenty-first century and beyond. Social media plays crucial, complicated and strategic roles yet these are still poorly understood. Social media occupies central places in human interactions as technologies continue to moderate innovations and development. More studies are however needed to sufficiently understand the roles/places of social media as key manifestation of technology in social life of Africans particularly as it affects spousal relations – key issues important to African family existences. This study in 2017 therefore examines the trajectory of social media in the digital age of Africa through empirical study in Nigeria. The study adopted a mix-method approach that includes qualitative and quantitative data gathering and analysis in Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria. The quantitative method was questionnaire administration on 372 respondents in five purposively selected urban elite’s areas. Twenty in-depth interviews were conducted to complement the quantitative data. Statistical software was used for quantitative data analysis while content analysis and ethnographic summaries were used for the qualitative data. Distant spouses adopt comprehensive use of social media in managing their relations virtually in manners that moderate and stabilize their relationships across space and time. Consequences of social media in the marriages are also myriad and definitive that spouses moderate them for existentialities and survival. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 347-355 Issue: 3 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1751426 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1751426 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:3:p:347-355 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1732078_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Margaret Huruma Mollel Author-X-Name-First: Margaret Huruma Author-X-Name-Last: Mollel Author-Name: Munyaradzi Mujuru Author-X-Name-First: Munyaradzi Author-X-Name-Last: Mujuru Author-Name: Vuyo Mjimba Author-X-Name-First: Vuyo Author-X-Name-Last: Mjimba Author-Name: Nicolas Darangwa Author-X-Name-First: Nicolas Author-X-Name-Last: Darangwa Author-Name: Richard Nyanzi Author-X-Name-First: Richard Author-X-Name-Last: Nyanzi Title: Moringa oleifira noise: Science or quackery and the way forward Abstract: The moringa tree is a rising star in South Africa where it is increasingly playing a variety of social and economic roles, especially among the rural poor. Also known as the horseradish tree, moringa has been referred to as the miracle or magic tree because of its reported health, nutrition and some industrial applications. Through document review, this paper reviews these claims that include the treatment of cancer and diabetes, and its nutritional value to humans, livestock and crops plants, among other applications. Drawing from lessons in the commercialization of Rooibos and cannabis cases, the article highlights learning points that could aid South Africa identify and commercialize some aspects of the moringa as part of its economic development efforts and creating the envisaged knowledge economy. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 273-281 Issue: 3 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1732078 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1732078 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:3:p:273-281 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1762302_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Alok Das Author-X-Name-First: Alok Author-X-Name-Last: Das Author-Name: Hardik K. Jani Author-X-Name-First: Hardik K. Author-X-Name-Last: Jani Author-Name: Garlapati Nagababu Author-X-Name-First: Garlapati Author-X-Name-Last: Nagababu Author-Name: Surendra Singh Kachhwaha Author-X-Name-First: Surendra Singh Author-X-Name-Last: Kachhwaha Title: Wind and solar power deployment in India: Economic aspects and policy implications Abstract: Economic assets play a key role in the growth of renewable power projects and depend on financial scenarios and policy structures offered by government policies. The focus of the study is to assess the impact of the existing economic scenarios and related government policies on wind and solar power deployment in India. The financial analysis of wind and solar power projects, along with parametric and sensitivity analysis, were performed based on the techno-economic parameters of recent wind and solar energy projects. Factors incorporated into the study are capital cost, annual cash flow, project terminal cost, discount rate, cost of capital, tax rate, capacity factor and technological degradation factor. The results show that the values of levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) calculated for recent wind and solar projects are ₹4.89/kWh ($0.0698/kWh) and ₹4.05/kWh ($0.0578/kWh), respectively, which can be reduced to ₹2.36/kWh ($0.0337/kWh) and ₹2.12/kWh ($0.0303/kWh) through proper amendments to the existing policy, an improved financial framework and technological enhancements. The study will be beneficial to policymakers and project developers, helping to boost the future deployment of wind and solar power projects. (Note: USD ($) was converted to Indian rupee (₹) at an exchange rate of 1$ = 70₹ throughout the paper.) Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 357-375 Issue: 3 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1762302 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1762302 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:3:p:357-375 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1748335_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Richard Adeleke Author-X-Name-First: Richard Author-X-Name-Last: Adeleke Title: Digital divide in Nigeria: The role of regional differentials Abstract: This study empirically analyzed the spatial distribution of Internet usage in Nigeria and identified its key determinants using data on the 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory from 2016 to 2018. In contrast to previous studies, the approach is disaggregated and spatial to better reflect state level disparities in Internet usage and its associated determinants. The data were obtained from the National Bureau of Statistics, United Nations Development Programme Report and other official sources, and were analyzed using stepwise linear regression and Global Moran’s I. The study showed evidence of disparities in Internet usage among the various regions in Nigeria, with noticeable clusters of high values for Internet usage in Lagos, Oyo, Ogun, Kaduna, Kano and Abuja. In contrast, Ekiti, Ebonyi and Bayelsa states had low concentrations of Internet users. Across the nation, between the north and south and its urban and rural areas, Internet usage followed various clear economic and social contours. Market size, employment, income, access to electricity, urbanization, gender (female), age (60 years and above) and telephone density were significant factors in Internet usage. The results of this study can provide basis for regional specific policies in order to increase Internet penetration in disadvantaged locations. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 333-346 Issue: 3 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1748335 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1748335 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:3:p:333-346 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1724388_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: David Bese Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Bese Author-Name: Elliot Zwane Author-X-Name-First: Elliot Author-X-Name-Last: Zwane Author-Name: Priviledge Cheteni Author-X-Name-First: Priviledge Author-X-Name-Last: Cheteni Title: The use of sustainable agricultural methods amongst smallholder farmers in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa Abstract: There is increasing concern over the role that modern agricultural methods play in the degradation and destruction of natural resources such as water, soil, forests, and microorganisms, and the wider environment. Modern agricultural production methods, though they are effective at catering to the present generation’s needs, have been found to pose threats to future farming activities. As a result, there have been widespread calls for farmers to use sustainable agricultural practices (SAPs) as an alternative to traditional farming practices. Despite this, there seems to be limited knowledge of the extent to which smallholder farmers in South Africa have done so. This study investigates the use of SAPs by 130 smallholder farmers in a rural community in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa. The findings show that the majority use SAPs such as intercropping and crop rotation and that there is a low prevalence of mineral and pesticide use, both of which are considered unsustainable to the environment and the health of people and other resources. The findings also show that manure is not widely used as an alternative to chemical fertilizers and that the use of electricity as a form of energy for cooking and lighting is prevalent. These findings are useful for policymakers keen on encouraging the successful implementation of SAPs in South Africa. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 261-271 Issue: 3 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1724388 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1724388 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:3:p:261-271 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1746045_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Temitayo Shenkoya Author-X-Name-First: Temitayo Author-X-Name-Last: Shenkoya Title: A study of startup accelerators in Silicon Valley and some implications for Nigeria Abstract: The performance of the Nigerian economy – compared to other developed country – is poor and there is an urgent need to improve the situation to guarantee sustainable development. Previous studies have shown that accelerators are viable options, therefore this research studied the factors that affect the performance of accelerators in Silicon Valley. The methodology adopted is a quantitative approach that synthesized previous studies – while providing empirical evidence through a case analysis of accelerators in Silicon Valley. In the course of this study, a theory called the ‘Sustainable Startup Growth’ theory was developed and explored. This theory examined the hypothesis that the quality of services offered by accelerators is more important than the number of startups accelerated, and the sectoral concentration of accelerators is an important factor in its performance. Herein, secondary data were collected and analyzed using the statistical method known as the Multiple Regression Analysis. The results obtained show that the quality of service offered by accelerators was more important than the number of accelerators and their area of specialization was important in attracting venture capital. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 303-314 Issue: 3 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1746045 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1746045 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:3:p:303-314 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1744270_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Jackqeline Mutambara Author-X-Name-First: Jackqeline Author-X-Name-Last: Mutambara Author-Name: Kingstone Mujeyi Author-X-Name-First: Kingstone Author-X-Name-Last: Mujeyi Title: Enhancing competitiveness of Zimbabwe’s cotton production under contract farming Abstract: This study was designed to assess the competitiveness of cotton production by smallholder farmers under contract farming in Zimbabwe and propose strategies for enhancing sector performance. Data were collected from secondary sources, key informant interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs). A multiple criteria analysis (MCA) was used to identify key constraints in cotton production. Cotton budgets were developed and a policy analysis matrix (PAM) was derived to assess the competitiveness of cotton farming. Key constraints identified were related to policy and institutional failure. Cotton production was found to be not competitive with an overall disincentive of USD-132.30/ha of cotton produced. The nominal protection coefficient output (NPCO) of 0.75 and nominal protection coefficient input (NPCI) of 1.5 indicate taxation in the product and factor markets respectively. The effective protection coefficient (EPC) of 0.5 indicates that the operating environment does not encourage production. To sustain cotton farming under contract farming, there is a need to strengthen private and public institutions to reduce behavioural uncertainties. Alternatively, financing of cotton production might need remodelling to incentivise banks to finance farmers directly through group lending and government guaranteed funding. Human capital development through farmer training programmes is recommended to enhance farm productivity. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 283-291 Issue: 3 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1744270 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1744270 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:3:p:283-291 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1762309_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Matthew Kwaw Somiah Author-X-Name-First: Matthew Kwaw Author-X-Name-Last: Somiah Author-Name: Clinton Ohis Aigbavboa Author-X-Name-First: Clinton Ohis Author-X-Name-Last: Aigbavboa Author-Name: Wellington Didibhuku Thwala Author-X-Name-First: Wellington Didibhuku Author-X-Name-Last: Thwala Title: Validating elements of competitive intelligence for competitive advantage of construction firms in Ghana: A Delphi study Abstract: The aim of this study was to ascertain whether the elements of competitive intelligence (CI) found in other countries that impact competitive advantage are relevant to the Ghanaian construction industry (GCI). This Delphi study revealed 11 CI elements that impact competitive advantage of construction firms in Ghana. Intelligence of competitors’ risks and existing opportunities in the industry recorded very high impact (VHI: 9.00–10.00), while the nine other elements recorded high impact (HI: 7.00–8.99) on the competitive advantage of construction firms. The study found that the elements of CI that impact construction firms’ competitive advantage include intelligence on clients’ bargaining power, fragmentation rate of the industry, and existing technologies in the industry. These elements of competitive intelligence are similar to those of other countries. It is recommended that intelligence on competitors’ risks and existing opportunities in the industry should be prioritized in CI gathering. This study informs industry stakeholders of the elements of CI that impact construction firms’ competitive advantage. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 377-386 Issue: 3 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1762309 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1762309 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:3:p:377-386 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1755111_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Bashir Adelodun Author-X-Name-First: Bashir Author-X-Name-Last: Adelodun Author-Name: Abdulwaheed Adedayo Mohammed Author-X-Name-First: Abdulwaheed Adedayo Author-X-Name-Last: Mohammed Author-Name: Kamoru Akanni Adeniran Author-X-Name-First: Kamoru Akanni Author-X-Name-Last: Adeniran Author-Name: Sheu-Usman Oladipo Akanbi Author-X-Name-First: Sheu-Usman Oladipo Author-X-Name-Last: Akanbi Author-Name: Taofeeq Sholagberu Abdulkadir Author-X-Name-First: Taofeeq Sholagberu Author-X-Name-Last: Abdulkadir Author-Name: Kyung Sook Choi Author-X-Name-First: Kyung Sook Author-X-Name-Last: Choi Title: Comparative assessment of technical efficiencies of irrigated crop production farms: A case study of the large-scale Kampe-Omi irrigation scheme, Nigeria Abstract: The technical inefficiencies of crop production system in terms of large-scale irrigation schemes are major problems attributed to the underperformance of crop farms. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate and compare farm-level technical efficiencies of four major crop productions system including, pepper, okra, garden egg, and tomato under the large-scale Kampe-Omi irrigation scheme, Nigeria. The data development analysis (DEA) approach was used to study the hypothesized determinants affecting the efficiencies of crop farms using an ordinary least squares regression model. The results showed that the selected pepper, okra, garden egg, and tomato crop farms were fully efficient at 20, 10, 16.92, and 40% under constant return to scale (CRS), and at 13.33, 30, 10.77, and 25.71% under variable return to scale (VRS), respectively. DEA revealed a considerable variation in technical inefficiency among the selected crop farms under the irrigation scheme. The significant determinants of technical efficiencies of the four crop farms include farmers’ age, family size, experience, alternative income, education, credit accessibility, and contact with extension agents. The outcomes of this study are useful for improving production efficiencies while serving as a convenient guide for both farmers and irrigation scheme managers of selected crops. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 293-302 Issue: 3 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1755111 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1755111 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:3:p:293-302 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1746044_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Matthew Ikuabe Author-X-Name-First: Matthew Author-X-Name-Last: Ikuabe Author-Name: Ayodeji Oke Author-X-Name-First: Ayodeji Author-X-Name-Last: Oke Author-Name: Clinton Aigbavboa Author-X-Name-First: Clinton Author-X-Name-Last: Aigbavboa Title: Evaluating the influencing factors responsible for construction contractors’ opportunism in a developing economy Abstract: Construction is a very competitive business which often experiences situations in which contractors deploy various schemes to rake in financial proceeds unduly, particularly when the risks encountered do not turn out as favourably as envisaged at inception. This exposes the client of the project to inequitable financial outlays which do not match up with the final end result of the project. This study aimed to assess the factors responsible for construction contractors’ opportunism. The study used questionnaires to obtain responses from built environment professionals. A total of three hundred and thirty-seven (337) questionnaires were distributed while a total of two hundred and sixty-four (264) were collected and considered appropriate for analysis. Findings from the study revealed that the major factor influencing contractors’ opportunism is ‘No statement of work resources in the work schedule’, while the various professionals had differing views with respect to the level of occurrence of the factors responsible for contractors’ opportunism. Furthermore, the use of factor analysis identified four components which are vagueness, inadequacy, incongruity and impairment which thus serve as the propelling factors of construction contractors’ opportunism. The study concluded by stressing the importance of ‘contract completeness’, as this would go a long way to abating the unwholesome disposition portrayed by construction contractors. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 387-393 Issue: 3 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1746044 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1746044 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:3:p:387-393 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1862950_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Eleanor Lumsden Author-X-Name-First: Eleanor Author-X-Name-Last: Lumsden Title: Race After Technology: Abolitionist Tools for the New Jim Code Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 395-396 Issue: 3 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1862950 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1862950 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:3:p:395-396 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1747797_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Tarisai Kudakwashe Manyati Author-X-Name-First: Tarisai Kudakwashe Author-X-Name-Last: Manyati Author-Name: Morgen Mutsau Author-X-Name-First: Morgen Author-X-Name-Last: Mutsau Title: Factors that limit the development, prototyping and adoption of informal innovations in Zimbabwe: Lessons for policymakers Abstract: This study explored the obstacles that informal innovators encounter in product development, prototyping, commercialization and adoption of informal innovations in Zimbabwe. Altogether 20 informal innovators were purposively selected, interviewed and observed. Key findings are that the lack of knowledge of intellectual property rights stifle their innovation and creativity, as most innovators rely on copying designs of products that are already on the market. Their lack of knowledge of intellectual property protection rights and poor marketing platforms and strategies have limited the profits of informal innovators as they succumb to the predatory tendencies of large formal enterprises who purchase their products, repackage them, claim ownership and resell them for bigger profits. Informal innovators lack opportunities for appropriate training and most of their expertise is based on experience and on-the-job training. Due to their lack of support from financial institutions, universities and the private sector, informal businesses and innovations have experienced stunted growth, poor product quality and profit margins despite the existence of policies to promote and protect them. Appropriate incentives are needed for informal innovators, together with policy enforcement mechanisms and their integration with other institutions, such as the private sector and universities, to improve the development, adoption and the marketing of informal innovations. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 325-331 Issue: 3 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1747797 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1747797 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:3:p:325-331 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1746046_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Paul Plantinga Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Plantinga Author-Name: Rachel Adams Author-X-Name-First: Rachel Author-X-Name-Last: Adams Title: Rethinking open government as innovation for inclusive development: Open access, data and ICT in South Africa Abstract: Open government has come to be closely associated with innovation for inclusive development (IID). These two areas of practice and research have converged around similar mechanisms aimed at achieving inclusive development outcomes including: open interaction between government, technologists and end-users in the design of policies and services; open, market-oriented approaches to delivering public services and meeting the needs of citizens; and a central role for information and communication technologies (ICTs) in policy development and innovation activities. We argue, however, that an uncritical adoption of open, ICT-oriented practices risks shifting responsibility and trust for governance and development outcomes to largely unaccountable global and national network enterprises. Taking South Africa as our primary focus, including its new White Paper on Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), we note a renewed interest in adopting open government practices in relation to IID. More significant, we suggest, is the emergence of ‘grassroots’, hybrid civic-technology innovation networks at the fringes of formal open government initiatives. This article considers new questions that arise around how these grassroots movements sustain meaningful interaction with mainstream STI processes, how public officials may engage with such movements in order to meet national development outcomes, and the role of ICT in these spaces. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 315-323 Issue: 3 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1746046 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1746046 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:3:p:315-323 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1496615_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Indiran Poobalan Naidoo Author-X-Name-First: Indiran Poobalan Author-X-Name-Last: Naidoo Author-Name: Muhammad Hoque Author-X-Name-First: Muhammad Author-X-Name-Last: Hoque Title: Impact of information technology on innovation in determining firm performance Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate the strategic relevance of Information Technology (IT). The study used resource-based theory to test if IT was a competitive resource, by examining the role it played between the constructs of innovation capability and firm performance. A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst 292 employees at the Hillside Aluminium Smelter in Richards Bay, South Africa. The results showed that a statistically strong positive relationship exists between innovation and firm performance (r = 0.616, p < 0.01). The results showed a moderate and statistically significant relationship between IT Capability and Innovation Capability (r = 0.563, p < 0.01). A favourable result for the moderator variable (p < 0.01) was found; however, the Innovation Capability as the independent variable showed an unfavourable result (p = 0.579). Multiple regression analysis showed that the model proved to be statistically significant (p < 0.01). It is therefore recommended that the drive for innovation as a key determinant of future firm competitive advantage must factor in technological capability, specifically information technology. Through the careful selection of IT resources and skills, IT capabilities displaying VRIN characteristics can be achieved, resulting in IT as a strategic resource. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 643-653 Issue: 6 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1496615 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1496615 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:6:p:643-653 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1473064_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Tedla Desta Author-X-Name-First: Tedla Author-X-Name-Last: Desta Title: ICT Innovations, entrepreneurship and hubs in East Africa: The case of Ethiopia Abstract: This research set out to assess the state of ICT innovation in Ethiopia, then to profile and analyse the two Ethiopian ICT hubs (iceaddis and xHub). It also assessed the challenges to ICT innovation in Ethiopia and recommend solutions. The research used a range of qualitative research methods, which combined semi-structured interviews, participant observation, SWOT analysis and a review of secondary materials. The findings of the research have revealed that the state and nature of ICT innovation in Ethiopia can be described as ‘low scale or household’ type of innovation engaged in the modification or improvement of foreign products or processes rather than inventive innovations. Nevertheless, this is changing as more and more advanced industrial ICT companies are emerging such as iCog Labs, which work in the areas of cloud computing and Artificial Intelligence. Most of the innovations are in the areas of entertainment, information, financial and app software development. Ethiopian ICT hubs iceaddis and xHub are filling the innovation gap by offering a working space, training, investment and mentorship until the startups mature despite some internal weaknesses and possible threats. Infrastructure (connectivity) was the biggest challenge to innovation followed by government policies, investment, societal and educational shortcomings. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 655-664 Issue: 6 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1473064 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1473064 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:6:p:655-664 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1491678_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Edward van der Merwe Author-X-Name-First: Edward Author-X-Name-Last: van der Merwe Author-Name: Sara S (Saartjie) Grobbelaar Author-X-Name-First: Sara S (Saartjie) Author-X-Name-Last: Grobbelaar Title: Systemic policy instruments for inclusive innovation systems: Case study of a maternal mHealth project in South Africa Abstract: Innovation for inclusive development refers to the development of products and services for and/or by marginalized communities with the aim of improved economic and social welfare. Innovation systems present a framework for analyzing actors, institutions, interlinkages and societal subsystems that contribute to the emergence of innovation for inclusive development. However, the innovation system framework requires a re-orientation as an analytical tool to 1) support a systematic process towards identifying barriers to inclusiveness 2) systematically define the root cause of systemic problems or barriers for innovation for inclusive development, and finally, 3) to provide a framework against which to formulate systemic policy interventions that systematically enhance the environment for innovation for inclusive development.The main contribution of this article is to deduce a systemic policy intervention framework and roadmap towards developing more inclusive innovation systems. We explore policy interventions to position innovation systems more inclusively by considering a case study of a large-scale maternal mHealth project (MomConnect) in South Africa. The article concludes that the use of a systemic policy intervention framework, as derived in this paper, may greatly enhance the design of large-scale projects and innovation systems towards improved inclusivity. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 665-682 Issue: 6 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1491678 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1491678 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:6:p:665-682 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1491675_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: B. O. Ezurike Author-X-Name-First: B. O. Author-X-Name-Last: Ezurike Author-Name: O. J. Osazuwa Author-X-Name-First: O. J. Author-X-Name-Last: Osazuwa Author-Name: C.A. Okoronkwo Author-X-Name-First: C.A. Author-X-Name-Last: Okoronkwo Author-Name: K.I. Okoji Author-X-Name-First: K.I. Author-X-Name-Last: Okoji Title: Design, construction and performance evaluation of a flat screen hammer mill machine Abstract: The detailed design procedure for a hammermill machine is presented. The system designed is a modification to the conventional hammer mill with a circular bottom casing and a semi-circular screen. The major problems associated with the conventional machine are longer milling time and low efficiency as a result of the material moving alongside the circular screen. This led to the design and fabrication of a modified hammermill machine with a flat screen. The hammer mill is a power mill making use of a high-speed rotating disc, which is stationary to a number of hammer bars that move superficially by a centrifugal force. The machine was made effective with a one horsepower electric motor, and the efficiency was found to be 92.9% after testing was done with dried maize. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 683-690 Issue: 6 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1491675 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1491675 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:6:p:683-690 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1491676_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Irja Shaanika Author-X-Name-First: Irja Author-X-Name-Last: Shaanika Author-Name: Monica Maletzky Author-X-Name-First: Monica Author-X-Name-Last: Maletzky Author-Name: Tiko Iyamu Author-X-Name-First: Tiko Author-X-Name-Last: Iyamu Title: A model for addressing parallelism of systems in the management of data: The Namibian case Abstract: As in many countries, the volume of data that has been generated by the Namibian government administrations and agencies in recent years has increased drastically in rapidity. Consequently, this has led to difficulties and challenges in the control and management of the voluminous data. These challenges arise from inconsistency, unavailability and duplications, which are caused by the nature of the huge data. Thus, the Namibian government deployed different systems — ‘paper-based’ system, electronic record management system (ERMS) and information management system (IMS) — to manage their data in order to gain efficiency and effectiveness, towards improved service delivery to society.However, the ‘paper-based’ and computerized systems collide with each other, causing more complexities and challenges in the management and control of data, which manifests negatively during decision making. This article therefore discusses the systems parallelism including the challenging factors and their implications. Also presented in the article is a data management model (DMM) which could be used in addressing some of the challenges that emanate from the deployment of multiple systems in the management and control of the increasing volume of data. The DMM consists of three layers, which can be employed to shape and guide actors’ interaction, components’ connectivity, and the use of organizational frameworks, in systems parallelism. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 691-700 Issue: 6 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1491676 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1491676 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:6:p:691-700 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1491677_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Abdouramani Dadjé Author-X-Name-First: Abdouramani Author-X-Name-Last: Dadjé Author-Name: Noël Djongyang Author-X-Name-First: Noël Author-X-Name-Last: Djongyang Author-Name: Réné Tchinda Author-X-Name-First: Réné Author-X-Name-Last: Tchinda Title: An analytical-numerical approach in the calculation of photovoltaic module parameters operating under partial shaded conditions Abstract: The aim of this work is to determine the parameters and characteristics of a PV module in case of partial shading conditions. Both numerical and analytical methods are used in order to attain this objective. The iterative method namely Newton-Raphson is used to evaluate the characteristics of the PV module under partial shading conditions at its peak point. For various shading conditions, the lost power by the module is evaluated in order to show the influence of the partial shading conditions. The combined analytic method with the iterative method used allowed fairly accurate results on the behaviour of the shaded PV modules with less difficulties compared to the analytical method alone. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 701-707 Issue: 6 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1491677 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1491677 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:6:p:701-707 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1496614_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: J. O. Akinyele Author-X-Name-First: J. O. Author-X-Name-Last: Akinyele Author-Name: I. O. Toriola Author-X-Name-First: I. O. Author-X-Name-Last: Toriola Title: The effect of crushed plastics waste on the structural properties of sandcrete blocks Abstract: The need for proper disposal of plastic waste has prompted researchers to consider the best way of recycling this non-biodegradable material. This research has looked into the production of sandcrete blocks, using shredded waste plastic in replacing fine aggregate at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 100%. The laboratory experiments conducted were: compressive strength, flexural strength, density and water absorption tests. Both the compressive and flexural tests revealed that sandcrete blocks that contains 5% partial replacement of fine aggregate with shredded plastic have the highest strength when compared with other mixes, the density and water absorption test showed that the control sample has the best result. The study concluded that plastic waste can be used to partially replace fine aggregate in sandcrete block at not more than 5%. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 709-713 Issue: 6 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1496614 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1496614 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:6:p:709-713 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1491137_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Tope Samuel Adeyelure Author-X-Name-First: Tope Samuel Author-X-Name-Last: Adeyelure Author-Name: Billy Mathias Kalema Author-X-Name-First: Billy Mathias Author-X-Name-Last: Kalema Author-Name: Kelvin J. Bwalya Author-X-Name-First: Kelvin J. Author-X-Name-Last: Bwalya Title: Deployment factors for mobile business intelligence in developing countries small and medium enterprises Abstract: Data are more rapidly generated than they can be digested and consumed in real time due to the increased mobility and automation of activities of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). These challenges could be avoided if SMEs in developing countries deployed Mobile Business Intelligence (MBI) within their settings. Though the deployment of MBI in SMEs in developed countries has been noticeable, its success in the developing countries is still far from reach. Few to no studies have been conducted to investigate the direct and indirect factors influencing the deployment of MBI within SMEs in developing countries. This study sought to investigate and determine factors that influence the deployment of MBI in developing countries’ SMEs. Relevant literature was reviewed to determine factors that previous researchers have identified as essential in MBI deployment. Textual analysis was used to verify each factor, remove repetitions and determine the frequencies of their appearance in the literature. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was then used as reduction method for the many factors that had been identified in the literature. This also helped in the factor categorization. Lastly, a multi-criteria decision-making method of Advance Impact Analysis (ADVIAN®) was carried out to determine the direct and indirect impacts that exist between the factors and the overall system of MBI deployment. Based on the ADVIAN® results, impacting factors were classified into four categories namely: active (for example, user privacy), reactive (for example, changing trends), critical (for example, top management support) and inert (for example, technician’s location). The findings of this study are expected to be integrated into SMEs in developing countries to prioritize those factors that need additional attention during the deployment of MBI. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 715-723 Issue: 6 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1491137 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1491137 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:6:p:715-723 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1509489_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Floyd Els Author-X-Name-First: Floyd Author-X-Name-Last: Els Author-Name: Liezel Cilliers Author-X-Name-First: Liezel Author-X-Name-Last: Cilliers Title: A privacy management framework for personal electronic health records Abstract: Personal electronic health records (PEHRs) can be used by patients to manage their health and lifestyle better. PEHRs can provide a more efficient communication channel between the patient and healthcare provider; reduce medical errors and enhance the monitoring of patients. South Africa is considered to be inexperienced with the implementation and management of PEHRs, and has not introduced any specific privacy acts for protecting a patient’s privacy on mobile devices. The purpose of the study is to develop a privacy management framework (PMF) to alleviate the privacy concerns encountered by patients that use mobile devices to access PEHRs. The study used a qualitative approach to develop the PMF. The PMF consists of three tiers. The first tier manages the integration of the PMF through laws, privacy policies and procedures. The second tier comprises two main support pillars, which consist of operational privacy and to audit and review. The last tier functions as the foundations of the PMF, which manages awareness and training, communications and support for healthcare organizations and patients. The recommendation of the study is the implementation of a PMF within health organizations to reduce the privacy concerns of citizens and healthcare workers. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 725-734 Issue: 6 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1509489 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1509489 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:6:p:725-734 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1509526_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Simplice A. Asongu Author-X-Name-First: Simplice A. Author-X-Name-Last: Asongu Author-Name: Nicholas M. Odhiambo Author-X-Name-First: Nicholas M. Author-X-Name-Last: Odhiambo Title: Human development thresholds for inclusive mobile banking in developing countries Abstract: This study assesses human development thresholds at which mobile banking mitigates poverty and inequality in 93 developing countries for the year 2011. Mobile banking entails ‘mobile used to pay bills’ and ‘mobile used to receive/send money’, while the modifying policy indicator is the human development index (HDI). The empirical evidence is based on interactive quantile regressions. A summary of the findings shows that with increasing human development: (i) ‘mobiles used to pay bills’ contribute to reducing inequality in countries at the bottom and top ends of the inequality distribution, while (ii) ‘mobiles used to receive/send money’ have an appealing role in promoting inclusive development in all poverty distributions, with the exception of the top-end or 90th decile. The modifying thresholds of the HDI vary from 0.542 to 0.632 and 0.333 to 0.705 in inequality and poverty specifications, respectively. The relevance of the findings is discussed in light of the current transition from Millennium Development Goals to Sustainable Development Goals. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 735-744 Issue: 6 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1509526 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1509526 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:6:p:735-744 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1510075_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: T. O. Akinbulire Author-X-Name-First: T. O. Author-X-Name-Last: Akinbulire Author-Name: P. O. Oluseyi Author-X-Name-First: P. O. Author-X-Name-Last: Oluseyi Author-Name: O. M. Babatunde Author-X-Name-First: O. M. Author-X-Name-Last: Babatunde Author-Name: A. E. Ayegbajeje Author-X-Name-First: A. E. Author-X-Name-Last: Ayegbajeje Title: Development of energy benchmarking protocol for commercial banks, Lagos state, Nigeria Abstract: Energy consumption is a central factor taken into consideration as far as management decisions are concerned in any firm and the same goes for the banking industry. More importantly is the extent to which firms consume energy efficiently. In the light of this, this study investigates the energy benchmarking of 50 commercial bank branches in Lagos. With the aid of questionnaires and by observation and consultation with the staff of the selected bank branches, data were collected on the energy use as well as several other variables that influence energy use intensity. An energy use intensity model was estimated using the fixed, random and pooled ordinary least square specifications and the predicted energy use intensity was constructed. Armed with the observed and predicted energy use intensities, an absolute benchmarking was conducted while a relative benchmarking was also conducted with the aid of the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique. The results of the regression analysis revealed a maximum of 60% of the branches of banks are energy efficient. However, the results of the DEA suggest that only a single branch of the 50 sampled branches was energy efficient while the other banks fell below the energy efficiency frontier with some banks performing relatively poorer than the others. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 745-752 Issue: 6 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1510075 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1510075 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:6:p:745-752 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1491138_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Pesanai Zanamwe Author-X-Name-First: Pesanai Author-X-Name-Last: Zanamwe Title: The effect of pre-harvest wind damage on post-harvest quality of ‘Triumph’ persimmon fruit Abstract: The post-harvest quality of ‘Triumph’ persimmon fruits grown in the Western Cape, South Africa varies with seasons. Poor post-harvest fruit quality is assumed to be associated with seasons that are characterized by violent wind occurrences. This study was carried out to investigate if pre-harvest wind damage to trees and fruit affects post-harvest fruit quality. The study was conducted in the 2012 and 2013 seasons. Wind and its damage were simulated by blowing trees with a mist blower, shaking trees, defoliating half of the trees and twisting fruit stalks 10 days prior to harvest. Fruit quality was evaluated at harvest, after 6½ weeks storage and after four days shelf-life. Simulated wind and its damage affected fruit quality at different stages during storage. Defoliation and twisting of fruit stalks increased soft fruits from 0% at harvest to 28% after storage in the 2012 season. Defoliation and blowing trees decreased total soluble solids after shelf-life in both seasons. Twisting fruit stalks delayed fruit colour development after storage and after shelf-life in the 2013 season. Blowing trees increased soft fruits to around 50% after shelf-life in both seasons. It can, therefore, be concluded that, post-harvest quality of ‘Triumph’ persimmon fruits is negatively affected by pre-harvest wind damage. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 753-758 Issue: 6 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1491138 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1491138 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:6:p:753-758 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1463653_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Andrea Giampiccoli Author-X-Name-First: Andrea Author-X-Name-Last: Giampiccoli Author-Name: Melville Saayman Author-X-Name-First: Melville Author-X-Name-Last: Saayman Title: South African community-based tourism operational guidelines: Analysis and critical review Abstract: Community-based tourism (CBT), similar to tourism in general, is growing in relevance and importance as a field of research. The growing interest in CBT has led to the production of various handbooks, manuals and/or guidelines on CBT development. The tourism sector in South Africa is growing, and the South African government has realized the relevance of community involvement in tourism. Lately, the South African government has also produced CBT guidelines. Within this context, this article, while not excluding general issues concerning CBT, specifically pays attention to the main issues related to CBT and correlates them with the South African CBT guidelines. The aim of this paper, therefore, is to critically review how certain fundamental CBT principles are presented and interpreted in the South African CBT guidelines. The article intends to contribute to the growing literature on CBT. The conclusion reveals that the South African CBT guidelines provide a very broad understanding and interpretation of CBT. This should be seen as a weakness and a danger for implementing CBT. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 759-770 Issue: 6 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1463653 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1463653 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:6:p:759-770 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1558743_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Maria de Fátima Ferreiro Author-X-Name-First: Maria de Fátima Author-X-Name-Last: Ferreiro Author-Name: Fayaz Ahmad Sheikh Author-X-Name-First: Fayaz Ahmad Author-X-Name-Last: Sheikh Author-Name: Merli Reidolf Author-X-Name-First: Merli Author-X-Name-Last: Reidolf Author-Name: Cristina de Sousa Author-X-Name-First: Cristina Author-X-Name-Last: de Sousa Author-Name: Saradindu Bhaduri Author-X-Name-First: Saradindu Author-X-Name-Last: Bhaduri Title: Tradition and innovation: Between dynamics and tensions Abstract: Tradition is certainly not new to the domain of innovation research. However, the interplay between the two has attracted less nuanced attention than it should have. Drawing on institutional theory, the purpose of this paper is to explore the dynamics and tensions between traditions and innovations, by proposing an analytical framework. It also applies the framework using a case study approach, where the practices involved in the innovation process constitute the unit of analysis. The findings of the paper show that the interplay between the tradition and innovation is seldom a linear process; rather, there are dynamics and tensions related to both, with the enabling or restricting nature of tradition in innovative processes and the contribution of innovation to the preservation of tradition, be it in the form of knowledge or local cultural values. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 533-542 Issue: 5 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1558743 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1558743 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:5:p:533-542 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1550936_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Farirai Rusere Author-X-Name-First: Farirai Author-X-Name-Last: Rusere Author-Name: Siyabusa Mkuhlani Author-X-Name-First: Siyabusa Author-X-Name-Last: Mkuhlani Author-Name: Olivier Crespo Author-X-Name-First: Olivier Author-X-Name-Last: Crespo Author-Name: Lynn V. Dicks Author-X-Name-First: Lynn V. Author-X-Name-Last: Dicks Title: Developing pathways to improve smallholder agricultural productivity through ecological intensification technologies in semi-arid Limpopo, South Africa Abstract: Agriculture faces an enormous global challenge of feeding nine billion people by 2050. This means a comprehensive intensification of agriculture is required. Ecological intensification is gaining momentum as a clearly defined vision for increasing agriculture productivity and sustainability. How ecological intensification could be tailored to benefit smallholder farming systems in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) remains the major question. In this study, we develop pathways relying on ecological intensification technologies and suiting different farm types of smallholder agriculture. This study relies on multiyear engagements with agricultural experts and smallholder farmers in Ha Lambani, South Africa and leads to the identification of farmer groupings. We analyse 40 in-depth semi-structured interviews with farmers which leads to the identification of farming patterns and constraints. We present how farming systems analysis of challenges and constraints helps to identify and link specific ecosystem services with suitable ecological intensification options. We conclude that the expert-based classification of farmers offered a more contextualized representation of farming system heterogeneity, where tailored ecological intensification technologies could play a major role in improving agricultural productivity. Beyond this community, it emphasizes the need to consider farmers type heterogeneity as a strong decision parameter for targeting ecological intensification. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 543-553 Issue: 5 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1550936 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1550936 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:5:p:543-553 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1551849_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Franklin Nantui Mabe Author-X-Name-First: Franklin Nantui Author-X-Name-Last: Mabe Author-Name: Samuel Arkoh Donkoh Author-X-Name-First: Samuel Arkoh Author-X-Name-Last: Donkoh Author-Name: Seidu Al-Hassan Author-X-Name-First: Seidu Author-X-Name-Last: Al-Hassan Title: Technology adoption typology and rice yield differentials in Ghana: Principal component analysis approach Abstract: This study used primary data obtained from rice farmers in Guinea Savannah Zone (GSZ), Forest Savannah Transition Zone (FSTZ) and Coastal Savannah Zone (CSZ). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to classify farmers into technology adopters. The study used Welch’s t-test to test the statistical significant differences in yield between technology adopters. Through the use of PCA, farmers were objectively classified as non-adopters (users of indigenous farming practices, IFPs), adopters of farmer innovation systems (FISs), adopters of improved agricultural technologies (IATs), and adopters of both FISs and IATs. Comparatively, a larger proportion of farmers in CSZ adopted IATs. The lowest percentage of farmers adopted IATs in GSZ. FISs’ package is highly adopted by farmers in FSTZ. With the help of Welch t-test, the study demonstrated that adopters of FISs obtained appreciable rice productivity even though it is second to IATs. The study showed that IATs are the superior technologies when considering rice productivity and hence should be highly promoted among farmers in the whole country. Concerted and co-ordinated efforts should be made for researchers in national agricultural research and academic agricultural research institutions or centres to research into rice production and farmer innovation systems, improve upon them and make them available to farmers for adoption. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 555-567 Issue: 5 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1551849 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1551849 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:5:p:555-567 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1554323_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Bongiwe Porrie Dlamini-Mazibuko Author-X-Name-First: Bongiwe Porrie Author-X-Name-Last: Dlamini-Mazibuko Author-Name: Stuart Ferrer Author-X-Name-First: Stuart Author-X-Name-Last: Ferrer Author-Name: Gerald Ortmann Author-X-Name-First: Gerald Author-X-Name-Last: Ortmann Title: Factors affecting the choice of marketing outlet selection strategies by smallholder farmers in Swaziland Abstract: This paper explores smallholder vegetable farmers’ marketing channel selection decisions using data collected from a sample of 140 farmers from Manzini and Hhohho regions of Swaziland. Multivariate probit analysis was applied to examine the determinants of marketing channels participation. The results show that the marketing outlets are substitutes, suggesting that farmers select one over the other. The selection decision is influenced by risk attitude, assets ownership, institutional variables, transaction cost and market attributes. Therefore, it is important that policymakers and other stakeholders invest in quality extension services, programmes to improve marketing information and infrastructure development to enhance smallholder market participation. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 569-577 Issue: 5 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1554323 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1554323 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:5:p:569-577 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1556456_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: U. A. Essien Author-X-Name-First: U. A. Author-X-Name-Last: Essien Author-Name: P. K. Oke Author-X-Name-First: P. K. Author-X-Name-Last: Oke Title: Modelling the effect of compaction pressure on the densification of agricultural waste briquettes Abstract: An empirical model for predicting the required compaction pressure of heterogeneous briquettes was developed in this study. The study was based on low-pressure compaction, where the used of binders is paramount. Three agricultural wastes: sawdust, rice husk, and palm kernel shell were used in the study. The material type was a key factor of influence on the briquette samples produced. The optimum compaction pressures of the homogeneous briquettes were 686.5, 981, and 981 N/cm2, for sawdust, rice husk, and palm kernel shell, respectively. The predicted required compaction pressures of the heterogeneous briquettes, as predicted from the model, ranged from 715 N/cm2 to 950 N/cm2 for sawdust/palm kernel shell briquettes, 710 N/cm2 to 906 N/cm2 for sawdust/rice husk briquettes, and 936 N/cm2 to 975 N/cm2 for palm kernel shell/rice husk briquettes. The heterogeneous briquette samples compacted at the predicted required compaction pressures offered better quality briquettes in terms of density and calorific value than those compacted at a fixed compaction pressure of 1177 N/cm2. It was established that the developed model offered ease of compaction and effective utilization of materials and will be of great use in the design of variable pressure briquetting machines. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 579-588 Issue: 5 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1556456 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1556456 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:5:p:579-588 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1552546_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ndivhuwo Tshipala Author-X-Name-First: Ndivhuwo Author-X-Name-Last: Tshipala Author-Name: Willem Johannes Coetzee Author-X-Name-First: Willem Johannes Author-X-Name-Last: Coetzee Author-Name: Marius Potgieter Author-X-Name-First: Marius Author-X-Name-Last: Potgieter Title: Sustainable indicators for adventure tourism destinations: A case of Waterval Boven Abstract: In South Africa and around the world, the development of sustainable tourism indicators has been advocated by many authors and has resulted in a number of indicators. Indicators are distinguished by factors such as social, environmental as well as economic. South Africa has contributed to the concept of sustainability through its 1996 Tourism White Paper and has participate in major sustainable events involving many great role-players in the field of sustainability. This study aims to determine the main indicators for the development of sustainable adventure tourism and whether respondents are willing to utilize these indicators, as well as to examine whether respondents have used these indicators before. Research was conducted at Waterval Boven, Mpumalanga, South Africa involving a total of 568 respondents. Descriptive statistics and factor analyses (Empirical Kaiser Criterion) were applied to determine which of the factors are valued by participants. In general, the respondents perceived the indicators positively. The study contributes towards the development of sustainable adventure tourism destinations through the utilization of indicators that can make a significant contribution towards poverty alleviation by maximizing social and economic benefits for local communities, enhancing cultural heritage and reducing any negative impacts on the environment. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 589-595 Issue: 5 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1552546 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1552546 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:5:p:589-595 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1557368_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Fru Awah Wanka Author-X-Name-First: Fru Awah Author-X-Name-Last: Wanka Author-Name: Ravinder Rena Author-X-Name-First: Ravinder Author-X-Name-Last: Rena Title: The impact of educational attainment on household poverty in South Africa: A case study of Limpopo province Abstract: The provision of education in South Africa during the apartheid regime was poor, particularly for the African population and especially those living in the homelands. This has hindered those lacking the required skills from obtaining lucrative employment and earning prospects. The Income and Expenditure Survey data conducted by Statistics South Africa, for the period 1995, 2000, 2005/06 and 2010/11 were used to carry out this investigation. The official absolute income poverty lines of R3864 (lower bound) and R7116 (upper bound) per annum in 2000 prices were used. In order to establish the relationship between education and poverty status of an individual, a probit regression model was used. This model helped to determine the relationship between the head of a household’s level of education and the poverty status of the household. The results obtained reveal that there is a strong tendency for lower educational attainment to be associated with a higher prevalence of household poverty. This study aims at investigating the impact of a household head’s educational attainment level on the poverty status of the individual household in South Africa, using Limpopo province as a case study. This study seeks to establish whether education has an effect on poverty alleviation in Limpopo province. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 597-609 Issue: 5 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1557368 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1557368 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:5:p:597-609 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1557369_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ebenezer Agbozo Author-X-Name-First: Ebenezer Author-X-Name-Last: Agbozo Author-Name: Kamen Spassov Author-X-Name-First: Kamen Author-X-Name-Last: Spassov Title: Social media as a trigger for positive political action: The case of Ghana's fight against illegal small-scale mining (Galamsey) Abstract: A shift from social media being a medium of communication to being a voice of the people is underway. Nations have experienced a fair share of the use of social media in raising the awareness on certain cankers in society – some successful and others barren. Recent social media activism moves have instigated a general uprising on the issue which has been plaguing Ghana’s natural resources and health of residents of illegal small-scale mining communities.Our study analyzed approximately 11,000 tweets made between 1st March 2017 to 1st March 2018 on Twitter with the hashtag – #StopGalamseyNow. Our results reveal an insight into the reactions of Ghanaians and the level of outrage expressed which led to the raising of awareness by the media, and government acting swiftly to curb the menace.Ghana’s action is a testament to the fact that social media is a potent agent in political action (keeping government on its toes) in order to bring about national growth and establishing the true meaning of democratic governance.This study presents the use of social media as a vehicle for positive activism in bringing socioeconomic development coupled with the traditional media in amplifying the cries of citizens. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 611-617 Issue: 5 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1557369 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1557369 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:5:p:611-617 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1559994_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Aygül Dönmez-Turan Author-X-Name-First: Aygül Author-X-Name-Last: Dönmez-Turan Author-Name: Mina Özevren Author-X-Name-First: Mina Author-X-Name-Last: Özevren Title: Designing a business model from process perspective Abstract: The business model is a relatively new concept in entrepreneurship and strategic management literature. Thus, the growing body of business model literature contains qualitative research, especially case studies. The key reason business models are explained via case studies is that the business model concept is recorded in the literature from successful firms’ business model practices to business model theory and, as a result, different theories arise accordingly. Following the previous implications, the purpose of this article is to demonstrate how business models are developed and implemented. A case study of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality’s transportation strategy and implementation of a business model has been conducted in detail, followed by an explanation of the concept. To focus on the maritime industry and bridge the gap in Turkey’s water transportation, a business model development process for the water transportation industry was proposed and then applied to all industries. The evaluation of the business model concept from a process perspective led us to achieve a generalized model, indicating how a successful business model can be implemented by other firms. As a result, we found that a successful business model must be valuable, profitable and sustainable. In addition, a successful business model greatly contributes to the sustainability of any firm and offers a novel framework to firms which desire to get a competitive advantage. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 619-627 Issue: 5 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1559994 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1559994 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:5:p:619-627 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1567655_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Folorunso Obayemi Temitope Obasuyi Author-X-Name-First: Folorunso Obayemi Author-X-Name-Last: Temitope Obasuyi Author-Name: Rajah Rasiah Author-X-Name-First: Rajah Author-X-Name-Last: Rasiah Title: Addressing education inequality in sub-Saharan Africa Abstract: This paper examines the impact of wealth inequality on education inequality in the sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, including by decomposing inequality across gender. Specifically, it analyzes the impact of wealth concentration on the distribution of educational attainment using a sample of cross-sectional data from the USAID Demographic Health Survey on 25 countries, and deploying the education inequality Gini, generalized Lorenz curve, and Lorenz concentration curve. Educational attainment and wealth index were estimated to capture education inequality and wealth concentration. The findings confirm that social exclusion has remained chronic in SSA. Apart from Zimbabwe, SSA have not only failed to raise incidence levels of secondary and tertiary education, but also have largely been unable to reduce education inequality. Regardless of oil and gas endowments, investments going to education have remained low in these countries, while gender disparity on educational attainment burdening females has been high in Nigeria, Gambia, Ghana and Guinea. With the exception of Comoros, wealth concentration is the prime cause of education inequality in the remaining countries. The findings call for effective policies for the poor and females to raise their education levels thereby enabling them to earn incomes to break the vicious cycle of education inequality caused by wealth inequality. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 629-641 Issue: 5 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1567655 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1567655 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:5:p:629-641 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1571148_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Fannie Machete Author-X-Name-First: Fannie Author-X-Name-Last: Machete Title: A review of the influence of municipal sustainable supply chain management on South Africa’s recycling performance Abstract: This paper reviews the influence of municipal sustainable chain management on South Africa’s recycling performance. In this study, municipal supply chain management systems are identified as one of the major factors that influence the lack of municipal solid waste services in communities (including recycling performance in South Africa). Through an in-depth analysis of secondary data and a meta-analysis of available data, this study examines the positive and negative reactions of supply chain management systems to sustainable and unsustainable approaches to municipal solid waste practices. The concept of sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) is used in this paper to refer to a comprehensive and efficient mechanism that integrates the municipal solid waste planning and procurement systems of the municipality. Thus, SSCM is the recommended model for addressing South Africa’s challenges in terms of services delivery, particularly the solid waste challenges, and it integrates indigenous and modern systems of waste management. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 643-651 Issue: 5 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1571148 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1571148 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:5:p:643-651 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1571149_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Habtamu Didanna Author-X-Name-First: Habtamu Author-X-Name-Last: Didanna Author-Name: Ashenafi Wossen Author-X-Name-First: Ashenafi Author-X-Name-Last: Wossen Author-Name: Berhanu Shano Author-X-Name-First: Berhanu Author-X-Name-Last: Shano Title: Future prospects and challenges of intensifying dairy production systems in Ethiopia Abstract: A number of market-oriented smallholder dairy farms have appeared mainly in the urban and peri-urban areas of Ethiopia. Dairy intensification provides both opportunities and challenges that need to be managed accordingly in order to improve milk production in a sustainable way. In this regard, there is a critical knowledge gap on the extent of the challenges and prospects of intensive smallholder dairying in developing countries. A study was conducted to analyze farm characteristics/practices and challenges in the intensifying smallholder dairying sector. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews with 200 dairy farmers. The results revealed that the overall mean of the crossbred dairy herd size was 8.61, which differed significantly with dairying experience, major income source and household-head education. The daily milk yield varied significantly across production systems and labour supply. Most family labour input for the dairy practices, namely: caring/raising calves, barn cleaning, feeding and watering, purchase/sale and manure management/dung cake making, was contributed by women. These differed significantly among households across dairy production systems and household-head age. The major challenges faced by dairy farmers, in descending order were shortage of concentrate feed and water, lack of sustainable breeding and milk marketing, dairy stock health and manure disposal. The dairy potentials observed include availability of some crossbred dairy stock, optimum milk yield, dairy experience, education and use of dairying as a major income source. These could help as a springboard to enhance smallholder dairy farming provided that the above-mentioned challenges are tackled and dealt with. To this end, a coordinated action involving all dairy stakeholders is needed in building the capacity of smallholder dairy producers to overcome the challenges involved in sustainable dairy production. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 653-661 Issue: 5 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1571149 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1571149 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:5:p:653-661 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1572702_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: James Adeyemo Adegoke Author-X-Name-First: James Adeyemo Author-X-Name-Last: Adegoke Author-Name: Gideon Oluyinka Layade Author-X-Name-First: Gideon Oluyinka Author-X-Name-Last: Layade Title: Comparative depth estimation of iron-ore deposit using the Data-Coordinate Interpolation Technique for airborne and ground magnetic survey variation Abstract: A newly developed quantitative method, Data-Coordinate Interpolation Technique (DCIT) was used by matching the secondary and primary data to correct the variation that exists between airborne and ground magnetic depth-to-basement. The aeromagnetic data within latitude (8.000N, 8.500N) and longitude (4.000E, 4.500E) were acquired and gridded, while the in-situ location are Ajase (8.19520, 8.19720 N), (4.38800 E, 4.39000 E) and Gbede (8.29200 N, 8.29360 N), (4.34620 E, 4.34760 E). Aeromagnetic data were contoured at airborne to ground spacing ratio and data interpolation was done on the contour to produce a set of interpolated data. Quantitative analysis was done using Peter’s Half slope Method (PHSM), Analytic Signal Method (ASM) and Euler Deconvolution Method (EDM) to calculate the depth-to-top of the iron-ore within the basement complex. Results at Ajase for depth for DCIT and ground data were 6.47 ± 2.28 m, 5.79 ± 1.81 m; 5.55 ± 2.90 m, 5.53 ± 1.90 m; and 7.88 ± 1.52 m, 8.75 ± 1.47 m, respectively. At Gbede, the results were 6.16 ± 2.09 m, 5.34 ± 1.50 m; 5.79 ± 2.07 m, 5.66 ± 1.75 m; and 5.95 ± 1.59 m, 5.74 ± 0.88 m, respectively. The average depths at Gbede with respect to DCIT and ground data were 5.97 ± 1.92 m, 5.58 ± 1.38 m and Ajase, 6.63 ± 2.23 m and 6.69 ± 1.73 m, respectively. Comparatively, the variation in the depth estimates for both airborne and ground magnetic data is minimal with DCIT. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 663-669 Issue: 5 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1572702 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1572702 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:5:p:663-669 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1961358_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Matolwandile Mzuvukile Mtotywa Author-X-Name-First: Matolwandile Mzuvukile Author-X-Name-Last: Mtotywa Author-Name: Mankodi Moitse Author-X-Name-First: Mankodi Author-X-Name-Last: Moitse Author-Name: Modjadji Alidia Seabi Author-X-Name-First: Modjadji Alidia Author-X-Name-Last: Seabi Title: South African citizens’ self-assessed knowledge about the fourth industrial revolution Abstract: This study assessed the levels of knowledge of South African citizens about the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) to determine how organizations can assimilate the implications of 4IR to leapfrog the development of the country. The findings show that knowledge was higher among citizens with better socio-economic status, higher education, with in excess of R6 500 (US$464.29) household income per month, are employed full-time, and have access to uncapped internet data or could afford to spend more than R150 (US$10.72) on data per month (more than 1 GB). There were low levels of knowledge among unemployed citizens (excluding tertiary institution students and unemployed graduates) and entrepreneurs. This was concerning as these groups are the main target for the country’s economic development and growth. The study recommends increasing knowledge sharing about the 4IR and related technologies and raising awareness or advocating appropriate skills for future careers. This study serves as a baseline for the policymakers and other development agencies or stakeholders to effectively set a national agenda to respond to opportunities and challenges emerging with the 4IR. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1476-1485 Issue: 6 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1961358 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1961358 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:6:p:1476-1485 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1961986_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Olubukola Motunrayo Odeyemi Author-X-Name-First: Olubukola Motunrayo Author-X-Name-Last: Odeyemi Author-Name: Lisa Kitinoja Author-X-Name-First: Lisa Author-X-Name-Last: Kitinoja Author-Name: Neeru Dubey Author-X-Name-First: Neeru Author-X-Name-Last: Dubey Author-Name: Solange Musanase Author-X-Name-First: Solange Author-X-Name-Last: Musanase Author-Name: Gurbinder Singh Gill Author-X-Name-First: Gurbinder Singh Author-X-Name-Last: Gill Title: Preliminary study on improved postharvest practices for tomato loss reduction in Nigeria, Rwanda and India Abstract: Tomato production is increasing along with postharvest losses in Nigeria, Rwanda and India. Modified Commodity Systems Assessment Methodology on tomato was conducted in the study areas during the July – August 2017 harvest season to evaluate the costs and benefits of improved postharvest practices or technologies that will reduce losses in the value chain. The use of colour chart as maturity index to harvest tomato fruit at breaker stage for long distant market in Rwanda when adopted showed that tomatoes were better protected from mechanical injury during handling and generated an immediate increased profit of US$170 for each 1000 kg load when compared with handling tomato fruit harvested at full ripe stage. In Nigeria, the use of a Zero Energy Cooling Chamber (ZECC) resulted in reduction of tomato loss to five percent when compared with the current practice of immediate sales of harvested produce with loss of 40%. This simple ZECC technology and use of Reusable Plastic Crates (RPC) reduced loss from 30% to 10% and increased the earnings of the farmer/trader in Rwanda. In comparison, in India the use of maturity indices and RPCs during harvesting and transport of tomato was common, and resulted in lower postharvest losses during marketing. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1500-1505 Issue: 6 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1961986 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1961986 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:6:p:1500-1505 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1979172_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Lelethu Mdoda Author-X-Name-First: Lelethu Author-X-Name-Last: Mdoda Author-Name: Mzuyanda Christian Author-X-Name-First: Mzuyanda Author-X-Name-Last: Christian Title: Smallholder vegetable farmers’ commercialization to enhance rural livelihoods in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa Abstract: This study aims at establishing how vegetables can be commercialized to improve rural livelihoods in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain primary data from 120 multi-purposive selected smallholder vegetable farmers. Descriptive statistics, Household Commercialization Index (HCI) and Tobit model were used for analysis. The results indicated that 70% of the selected farmers derive their income mainly from vegetable sales. In addition, the present study found that the average household commercialization index was 47%. Furthermore, socioeconomic, environmental, and institutional factors were found to be the driving forces behind the commercialization of smallholder farmers in the study area. The study recommends that education training and workshops conducted by the government to strengthen farmers’ knowledge and entrepreneurship skills to improve commercialization and participation in markets must be held more often. The study further recommends that there must be an increase in advisory personnel availability to disseminate information and assist farmers in fighting pests and disease attacks. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1667-1676 Issue: 6 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1979172 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1979172 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:6:p:1667-1676 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1979170_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Clovis Miamo Wendji Author-X-Name-First: Clovis Miamo Author-X-Name-Last: Wendji Author-Name: Charles Bertin Pilag Kakeu Author-X-Name-First: Charles Bertin Author-X-Name-Last: Pilag Kakeu Title: The effect of external knowledge on innovation capacity of SMES: Does the source of knowledge matter? Abstract: This paper aims to analyze the effects of different sources of external knowledge (market sources, institutional sources and business network affiliation) on firms’ capacity to innovate. Using cross-sectional data collected with the help of questionnaires on a sample of 514 SMEs in 2014, we employ the maximum likelihood method to estimate logistic regression models from which follow three main results: firstly, market sources significantly reduce innovative capacity; secondly, institutional sources of knowledge significantly increase innovative capacity; and thirdly, the net effect of business network affiliation, taking into account the other two sources of knowledge, is quite small. Thus, these results show that the institutional and operating environment of SMEs needs to be improved in order to discourage opportunistic behaviours and reduce information asymmetries in the hope that, in the long run, market sources can be transformed into an advantage for innovation, on the one hand. On the other hand, there is a need for a broad national coordination policy that encourages collaboration between universities and industry, as well as the commercialization of university research results. Hence, these results enrich the current understanding of the link between collaborative networks and the innovation performance of firms. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1655-1666 Issue: 6 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1979170 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1979170 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:6:p:1655-1666 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1972786_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Amani G. Rweyendela Author-X-Name-First: Amani G. Author-X-Name-Last: Rweyendela Author-Name: Godlisten G. Kombe Author-X-Name-First: Godlisten G. Author-X-Name-Last: Kombe Title: Factors influencing eco-industrial development in Africa: A SWOT analysis of a Tanzanian industrial park Abstract: Eco-industrial parks (EIPs) have been proposed as a transformative model for assisting developing countries in upgrading their industrial systems to meet higher global environmental standards while boosting economic competitiveness. However, for many industrial settings, the requisite contextual requirements have yet to be clarified. This paper aims to contribute to filling this gap. It examines the potential of transforming a case study Tanzanian industrial park, an Export Processing Zone (EPZ), into an EIP. The park was assessed against four criteria (roundput, locality, diversity and gradual change) using SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis. The paper draws upon key informant interviews, document reviews and physical site inspection. Findings reveal several strong and weak points of the EPZ, painting a scenario of a zone that is not based on the cycling of resources, does not have a diverse cooperation network arranged locally, and does not rely on the flow of renewables. However, the presence of a park management team, existing synergies, planned synergies and overall national and global development priorities make the park potentially strong as a whole. Our findings underscore the need for deliberate policy interventions. They can be applied to comparable contexts to pinpoint critical areas when planning the interventions. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1560-1574 Issue: 6 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1972786 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1972786 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:6:p:1560-1574 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1972504_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: M. Muloiwa Author-X-Name-First: M. Author-X-Name-Last: Muloiwa Author-Name: M. O. Dinka Author-X-Name-First: M. O. Author-X-Name-Last: Dinka Author-Name: S. Nyende-Byakika Author-X-Name-First: S. Author-X-Name-Last: Nyende-Byakika Title: Analysis of domestic water consumption in peri-urban South Africa: The case study of Thohoyandou in Limpopo province, South Africa Abstract: The aim of the paper was to analyze factors affecting domestic water consumption in Thohoyandou, Limpopo province, South Africa. A structured questionnaire was used to collect qualitative and quantitative data in the study area. A total sample of 100 households participated in answering the questionnaire. The results of the analysis found that average bath water consumption was 122 l/c/d, toilet flushing was 26 l/c/d, drinking and food preparation was 20 l/c/d, washing clothes was 5 l/c/d, washing cars was 2.5 l/c/d and home gardening was 6 l/c/d. The average water consumption of one household in the area was 190 l/c/d. Factors influencing water consumption in Thohoyandou were: education level of household head, age of household head, occupation of household head, gender of household head, family size, and tariff. SPSS performed correlation matrix and it was used to analyze factors affecting water consumption. Correlation matrix results showed that education level of household head was −0.627**, family size was 0.947**, tariff was 0.533**, female household heads was 0.647**, male household heads was (−0.634**), and age of household heads was (0.372**). Education level of household head results showed a negative correlation in all sub areas. The consequences of having more household heads with a low level of education was high water consumption, which is not in line with the Water Conservation Act. The contribution of the research was that household heads who have a high level of education typically consume less water than household heads who have a low level of education. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1546-1559 Issue: 6 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1972504 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1972504 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:6:p:1546-1559 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1982662_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ibrahim Niankara Author-X-Name-First: Ibrahim Author-X-Name-Last: Niankara Title: Education’s effect on food and monetary security in Burkina Faso: A joint semi-parametric and spatial analysis Abstract: Though adversely impacted by the recent COVID-19 crisis, households’ consumption of food and non-food items are essential components of well-being worldwide. Against this background, the present analysis tests human capital theory predictions by assessing the resilience effect of formal education vis- a-vis food and financial insecurity in Burkina Faso. This is achieved using data on 10,411 households, extracted from the latest available wave of the Burkina Faso’s National Survey on Households Living Conditions, along with geospatial meta-data and semi-parametric modelling techniques. The findings reveal that relaxing the linearity and independence assumptions provides a more robust representation of the systemic and inter-dependent relationship that exists between education, food and monetary security. In fact, education is found to increase the joint likelihood of food and monetary security in the country. Specifically, compared to households headed by individuals with no education, those headed by primary, secondary or higher educated individuals are 19.8%, 49.7% and 1.189 times, respectively, more likely to experience food security, and 40.1%, 77% and 1.723 times, respectively, more likely to come out of poverty. Therefore, easing access to formal education ought to be part of the solution mix sitting squarely at the poverty/food insecurity nexus, for a sustainable future beyond the pandemic. This is indeed supported by the high positive correlation of 0.927 between the incidence of food and monetary security, which suggests that coordinated efforts in those sectors will have much greater development’s returns than isolated initiatives. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1690-1706 Issue: 6 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1982662 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1982662 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:6:p:1690-1706 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1966971_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Vanessa Casadella Author-X-Name-First: Vanessa Author-X-Name-Last: Casadella Author-Name: Sofiane Tahi Author-X-Name-First: Sofiane Author-X-Name-Last: Tahi Title: Innovation policy for economic development: The difficult but promising adequacy in the case of Senegal Abstract: We use the National Innovation System (NIS) approach to analyze the performance of innovation policy of the sub-Saharan economy: the Senegal. The NIS approach makes it possible to understand how actors create and disseminate new knowledge, in a context of economic growth and economic development. By offering tools adapted to innovation policies, we carry out a case study of Senegal, based on secondary data, which allows us both to verify the incompleteness of its innovation system but above all to analyze why building competencies in this country is so laborious and does not encourage economic development. On a theoretical level, this paper provides new insights into innovation policy in the poorest economies. Empirically, it sheds light on the main obstacles to achieving this towards an inclusive economy based on knowledge and learning. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1520-1533 Issue: 6 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1966971 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1966971 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:6:p:1520-1533 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1977089_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Camillus Abawiera Wongnaa Author-X-Name-First: Camillus Abawiera Author-X-Name-Last: Wongnaa Author-Name: Afrane Baffour Kyei Author-X-Name-First: Afrane Baffour Author-X-Name-Last: Kyei Author-Name: Isaac Akurugu Apike Author-X-Name-First: Isaac Akurugu Author-X-Name-Last: Apike Author-Name: Dadson Awunyo-Vitor Author-X-Name-First: Dadson Author-X-Name-Last: Awunyo-Vitor Author-Name: Raymond K. Dziwornu Author-X-Name-First: Raymond K. Author-X-Name-Last: Dziwornu Title: Perception and adoption of artificial pollination technology in cocoa production: Evidence from Ghana Abstract: This study examined the perception and adoption of artificial pollination among cocoa farmers in Ghana. It used cross-sectional data collected from 206 cocoa farmers selected through multi-stage sampling technique. Descriptive statistics, Likert Scale and the Tobit regression model were the methods of analysis. With an adoption rate of 49%, the study revealed that cocoa farmers have a positive perception towards adoption of artificial pollination technology. The results also showed that age of farmer, extension visits, yield and household size have significant positive effects on the probability of adoption of artificial pollination among cocoa farmers, whereas farm size has a significant negative effect on adoption. Leveraging on the positive perception generated, we encourage extension agents to sensitize farmers on the importance of artificial pollination through continuous awareness creation and promotion of the benefits of adopting the technology. Furthermore, given cocoa farmers’ positive perception on artificial pollination, Ghana’s cocoa production and marketing regulatory body (COCOBOD) should take steps in implementing the technology. Implementers of this technology should also target younger farmers since age has a negative influence on adoption of artificial pollination. Finally, this paper contributes to the literature by focusing on the perception and the factors that influence adoption of artificial pollination in cocoa production which currently has not been researched and documented in the cocoa production literature. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1642-1654 Issue: 6 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1977089 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1977089 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:6:p:1642-1654 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1961666_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Olumuyiwa Adekanmi Babarinsa Author-X-Name-First: Olumuyiwa Author-X-Name-Last: Adekanmi Babarinsa Author-Name: Isaac Babatunde Oluwalana Author-X-Name-First: Isaac Author-X-Name-Last: Babatunde Oluwalana Author-Name: Mathew Kolawole Bolade Author-X-Name-First: Mathew Kolawole Author-X-Name-Last: Bolade Title: Climate smart technology for storage of fresh pro-vitamin A bio-fortified cassava Abstract: Climate change is a problem affecting food security across the globe. The climate change effect of rising temperatures can be mitigated by using climate-smart crops such as cassava and climate-smart technology such as an Evaporative Cooling Structure (ECS). A 150 kg capacity Metal-in-Block evaporative cooling structure was designed and constructed to investigate its suitability for storage of fresh cassava roots. The postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD), weight loss, and deterioration rate of 12 months old biofortified cassava roots (TMS 01/1368) were evaluated, while the performance of the evaporative cooling structure was evaluated in terms of temperature drop, humidity increase, and cooling effectiveness. Results showed that the cassava was still in good condition and quality with no sign of PPD, while the total weight loss was 8.7%. The average cooling efficiency of the evaporative cooling structure was 102.7%. The result showed a drop in temperature from an average of 31.97–25.7°C and an increase in relative humidity from an average of 68.96–87.12%. The evaporative cooler was able to preserve freshly harvested cassava for at least 8 weeks. Storage of cassava in an evaporative cooling structure is thus recommended as an effective technology for medium scale cassava storage. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1494-1499 Issue: 6 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1961666 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1961666 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:6:p:1494-1499 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1975354_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Cecilia Frans Author-X-Name-First: Cecilia Author-X-Name-Last: Frans Author-Name: Shaun Pather Author-X-Name-First: Shaun Author-X-Name-Last: Pather Title: Determinants of ICT adoption and uptake at a rural public-access ICT centre: A South African case study Abstract: The global Covid-19 pandemic has created a heightened sense of awareness of the inequalities that prevail in society. Access to real-time information delivered via broadband internet has become critical for survival. However, the reality of the digital divide implies that some citizens, especially those in far-flung rural areas, are not as fortunate as others to be able to access such information given that internet access at a household level is only a reality across approximately 12% of South Africa. As such, the deployment of public-access ICT centres is still considered to be an important intervention by governments as a digital divide eradication strategy. However, the success of these initiatives is threatened by a lack of understanding of the issues relating to the adoption of ICTs in these communities. Qualitative data were collected via focus groups and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) was applied as an analytical lens. The findings uphold the independent dimensions of UTAUT in explaining ICT adoption. The findings were also mapped to the Access, Capability and Environment (ACE). It was found that other external factors including those of corruption, training benefits and community exclusion are determinants of ICT adoption in a rural community. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1575-1590 Issue: 6 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1975354 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1975354 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:6:p:1575-1590 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1979761_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Gautam Sharma Author-X-Name-First: Gautam Author-X-Name-Last: Sharma Title: Analyzing the grassroots innovation process in India from a design perspective Abstract: Design is the act of transforming an existing situation into a preferred one. Taking this broad definition of design, the paper analyzes the process of grassroots innovations from a design perspective in the three phases of idea generation, experimentation, and implementation. The sample is chosen from award-winning grassroots innovations identified by the National Innovation Foundation (NIF). The different factors involved in each phase of design have been examined. The results indicate that most of the innovations which win awards belong to the mechanical innovations category and have application in the farming or agriculture sector. The innovations are designed using material resources from the surroundings of the innovators while personal savings often make up the necessary finance required to develop the innovation at the idea stage. Next, the different formal institutions involved in the experimentation stage providing technical and financial assistance for further design and development of innovations are also examined, to find that mostly technical institutions are involved in providing validation and modification services to the grassroots innovations. As diffusion of innovation is the preferred condition, the paper finds that most of the award-winning innovations are diffused through a market-based channel in which the innovator owns the manufacturing unit while in some cases the innovations are licenced to another entrepreneur. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1677-1689 Issue: 6 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1979761 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1979761 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:6:p:1677-1689 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1977087_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Nureni Ayofe Azeez Author-X-Name-First: Nureni Ayofe Author-X-Name-Last: Azeez Author-Name: Ahmed Oladapo Lawal Author-X-Name-First: Ahmed Oladapo Author-X-Name-Last: Lawal Author-Name: Sanjay Misra Author-X-Name-First: Sanjay Author-X-Name-Last: Misra Author-Name: Jonathan Oluranti Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan Author-X-Name-Last: Oluranti Title: Machine learning approach for identifying suspicious uniform resource locators (URLs) on Reddit social network Abstract: The applications and advantages of the Internet for real-time information sharing can never be over-emphasized. These great benefits are too numerous to mention but they are being seriously hampered and made vulnerable due to phishing that is ravaging cyberspace. This development is, undoubtedly, frustrating the efforts of the Global Cyber Alliance – an agency with a singular purpose of reducing cyber risk. Consequently, various researchers have attempted to proffer solutions to phishing. These solutions are considered inefficient and unreliable as evident in the conflicting claims by the authors. Against this backdrop, this work has attempted to find the best approach to solving the challenge of identifying suspicious uniform resource locators (URLs) on Reddit social networks. In an effort to handle this challenge, attempts have been made to address two major problems. The first is how can the suspicious URLs be identified on Reddit social networks with machine learning techniques? And the second is how can internet users be safeguarded from unreliable and fake URLs on the Reddit social network? This work adopted six machine learning algorithms – AdaBoost, Gradient Boost, Random Forest, Linear SVM, Decision Tree, and Naïve Bayes Classifier – for training using features obtained from Reddit social network and for additional processing. A total sum of 532,403 posts were analyzed. At the end of the analysis, only 87,083 posts were considered suitable for training the models. After the experimentation, the best performing algorithm was AdaBoost with an accuracy level of 95.5% and a precision of 97.57%. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1618-1626 Issue: 6 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1977087 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1977087 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:6:p:1618-1626 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1966972_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Edwin Albert Umoh Author-X-Name-First: Edwin Albert Author-X-Name-Last: Umoh Author-Name: Yahaya Muhammad Bande Author-X-Name-First: Yahaya Muhammad Author-X-Name-Last: Bande Author-Name: Omokhafe James Tola Author-X-Name-First: Omokhafe James Author-X-Name-Last: Tola Title: ECOWAS and the prevalence of energy-inefficient lighting technologies: Any hope of achieving SDG 7.3? Abstract: A region-adaptive hierarchical framework for realizing Sustainable Development Goal 7.3 is proposed in this paper, using Nigeria as a case study for strategy adoption and adaptation. In 2013, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) rolled out strategic plans to phase out incandescent lamps by 2020, as a critical component essential to realizing the SDG 7 by 2030. However, at the expiration of the 2020 deadline, this ambition has not materialized. Current regulatory indicators for sustainable energy shared by the World Bank and the International Energy Agency (IEA) indicated poor-to-average performances among member states, which suggests the need to adopt ingenious strategies to increase electricity access and accelerate energy efficiency by 2030. In this paper, we systematically reviewed literatures on past campaigns in ECOWAS member states and inferentially call for a revisit of the campaign to phase out incandescent bulbs as a critical component for achieving energy efficiency. The paper also pinpoints some domain factors that are militating against the realization of SDG 7 in Nigeria. We proposed an all-inclusive top-down hierarchical framework which involve all relevant stakeholders (national, state and local governments, delineated wards in local governments, street representatives and household heads), civil society organizations, and educational institutions, for convergence, efficient collaboration, synergy and achievement of goals. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1534-1545 Issue: 6 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1966972 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1966972 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:6:p:1534-1545 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1975355_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ayodotun Stephen Ibidunni Author-X-Name-First: Ayodotun Stephen Author-X-Name-Last: Ibidunni Author-Name: Daniel E. Ufua Author-X-Name-First: Daniel E. Author-X-Name-Last: Ufua Author-Name: Abdullah Promise Opute Author-X-Name-First: Abdullah Promise Author-X-Name-Last: Opute Title: Linking disruptive innovation to sustainable entrepreneurship within the context of small and medium firms: A focus on Nigeria Abstract: This study illuminates the linkages between disruptive innovation (DI) and sustainable entrepreneurship (SE) within the context of small and medium firms (SMFs). By adopting a systematic review of the literature, we thematized the possible connections between DI and SE practices to include: (i) contextualization of DI in Nigeria’s entrepreneurship ecosystem; (ii) a model for linking DI and SE among firms in Nigeria; and (iii) mechanisms and structures that achieve DI and SE. The study elaborates on theoretical and practical implications for the SMFs stakeholders. Among the viable arguments of this research is that disruptive efforts should align with financial expectations and social value, and other expected returns for the customers. Our study extends the theoretical frontiers of the DI literature by demonstrating the interconnectedness of the DI model for SE in a developing economy, specifically Nigerian SMFs, which is seeking a transition from heavy reliance on oil exploration to a much more widespread economic base that taps other natural resources and diverse economic contributors. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1591-1607 Issue: 6 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1975355 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1975355 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:6:p:1591-1607 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1960542_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Admire Rukudzo Dzvene Author-X-Name-First: Admire Rukudzo Author-X-Name-Last: Dzvene Author-Name: Weldemichael Tesfuhuney Author-X-Name-First: Weldemichael Author-X-Name-Last: Tesfuhuney Author-Name: Sue Walker Author-X-Name-First: Sue Author-X-Name-Last: Walker Author-Name: Andries Fourie Author-X-Name-First: Andries Author-X-Name-Last: Fourie Author-Name: Cobus Botha Author-X-Name-First: Cobus Author-X-Name-Last: Botha Author-Name: Gert Ceronio Author-X-Name-First: Gert Author-X-Name-Last: Ceronio Title: Farmers’ knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions for the adoption of in-field rainwater harvesting (IRWH) technique in Thaba Nchu, South Africa Abstract: A systematic engagement strategy was used to identify contextual factors that prevent farmers from accepting the in-field rainwater harvesting (IRWH) technique. The purpose of the qualitative study is to assess farmers’ knowledge and attitudes about the technique, as well as their adoption and perceptions thereof. A total of 48 knowledge, attitude, perception, and adoption questionnaires were used to gather information. The gathered data was used to determine whether farmers had made an informed choice. The results show that less than a third (27%) made an informed choice while 89.6% had a positive attitude. The overall reflection of excellent knowledge (75%) about the technique was high among farmers aged 41 and over and amounted to 55.6%. According to the survey results, farmers over the age of 45 years (75%), women (56.2%), farmers with a high school certificate (62.5%), and those who are unemployed, continue to adopt the technique (56.2%). According to the binary logistic regression model, increasing household family size had a significant negative impact on adoption (p < 0.05), whereas farmers with high school certificates and crop-livestock households had a significant positive impact (p < 0.01). Most farmers (56.3%) agreed that there was a lack of training, and that more attention is needed on issues such as lack of rainfall (63.3%) and technology taking up more land, which reduce farmers’ crop population and yield (52%). Farmers’ narratives about anticipated interventions, such as intercropping training and timely drought warning services, should increase their adoption. This study focuses on farmers’ specific technology adoption needs, offering another perspective on how achieving the sustainable development goals (SDGs) of zero hunger and climate action necessitates a decentralized approach. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1458-1475 Issue: 6 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1960542 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1960542 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:6:p:1458-1475 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1977088_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ignitia Motjolopane Author-X-Name-First: Ignitia Author-X-Name-Last: Motjolopane Author-Name: Ephias Ruhode Author-X-Name-First: Ephias Author-X-Name-Last: Ruhode Title: Factors driving business model innovation in sample case studies in South Africa Abstract: In an environment of changing customer needs, technological advancement and digitization, the importance of business model innovation in supporting companies to accrue benefits from increased digitization while counteracting threats has intensified. Factors driving business model innovation could be of value in facilitating business model innovation success and accrue benefits from increasing digitization. As the factors driving business model innovation are often triggers for the next cycle, however, there is limited empirical research on factors driving business model innovation. This paper presents empirical findings on factors driving business model innovation using unstructured interviews with nine executives from five sample companies in South Africa. Main finding from the research indicate that both external and internal factors such as existential crises, serve as valuable triggers for business model innovation. Furthermore, entrepreneurial inspirational leadership and quality of staff are important conditions for business model innovation success. The study findings imply that both companies and policymakers who seek to facilitate innovation need to take into account the impact of the business model innovation triggers on business model innovation success. The main contribution of the paper is the empirical finding on factors driving business model innovation using as a lens the sample case study companies. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1627-1641 Issue: 6 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1977088 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1977088 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:6:p:1627-1641 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1975356_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Hadrat Yusif Author-X-Name-First: Hadrat Author-X-Name-Last: Yusif Author-Name: Emmanuel Nii Oseku Ntreh Author-X-Name-First: Emmanuel Nii Oseku Author-X-Name-Last: Ntreh Author-Name: Daniel Sakyi Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Author-X-Name-Last: Sakyi Author-Name: Samuel Tawiah Baidoo Author-X-Name-First: Samuel Tawiah Author-X-Name-Last: Baidoo Title: Do government agricultural policies affect production and export of cocoa in Ghana? Abstract: The contributions of the agricultural sector to economic growth of developing countries of which Ghana is no exception cannot be overemphasized. Despite the sector being the mainstay of the Ghanaian economy, it is still confronted with several challenges. As a result, several agricultural policies such as, cocoa sector strategy, cocoa disease and pest control and cocoa high technology programmes have been implemented over the years. This study therefore examines the impact of these policies on cocoa production as well as on export. Using annual time series data over the period 1961–2017, the interrupted time series analysis is employed to address the objective of the study. The results reveal that cocoa sector strategy, cocoa disease and pest control, and cocoa high technology have boosted cocoa production. With regard to the export of cocoa, it is revealed that only the cocoa sector strategy policy has promoted cocoa export. The policy implication of the results is that there is a need for the sustainability of these agricultural policies. In terms of contribution and novelty, this paper investigates the impact of all three agricultural policies [cocoa sector strategy (CSS), cocoa disease and pest control programme (CODAPEC) and cocoa high technology programme (CHTP)] that Ghana has implemented over the years regarding cocoa production, which previous studies have not considered. This paper is also the first study to examine the impact of these agricultural policies on export of cocoa in Ghana. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1608-1617 Issue: 6 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1975356 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1975356 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:6:p:1608-1617 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1955431_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Oluwaseun Alexander Dada Author-X-Name-First: Oluwaseun Alexander Author-X-Name-Last: Dada Author-Name: Ismaila Temitayo Sanusi Author-X-Name-First: Ismaila Temitayo Author-X-Name-Last: Sanusi Title: The adoption of Software Engineering practices in a Scrum environment Abstract: The competition in the software market demands that the time required for any software product to reach the market be reduced if the product is to survive competition from other developers. The pursuit of this goal has led to the adoption of agile software development methodologies. While other agile methodologies provide guidelines as to the software engineering (SE) practices to be used during the development lifecycle, Scrum does not. The purpose of this study is twofold: first, to identify the usage and level of importance of software engineering practices in the Scrum development environment; and second, to investigate how Scrum teams adopt an appropriate set of SE techniques and whether a hybrid Scrum/Extreme Programming (XP) methodology is an appropriate approach to take. This research was conducted by examining sample data from five organizations using the Scrum methodology. The sample included a range of industries including communications and embedded systems, financial asset management, software development houses and consulting firms in South Africa. The study employed a mixed method approach. A key finding was that, regardless of the fact that Scrum does not explicitly recommend engineering practices, there was extensive use of these practices by all of the participating organizations. The study also found that the lack of software engineering practices in Scrum does not constitute a barrier to a successful adoption of Scrum, provided the ‘inspect and adapt’ principle inherent in Scrum is properly followed. The study discusses the findings, explains the implications and suggests future research. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1429-1446 Issue: 6 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1955431 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1955431 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:6:p:1429-1446 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1982663_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Solomon Belay Author-X-Name-First: Solomon Author-X-Name-Last: Belay Author-Name: James Goedert Author-X-Name-First: James Author-X-Name-Last: Goedert Author-Name: Asregedew Woldesenbet Author-X-Name-First: Asregedew Author-X-Name-Last: Woldesenbet Author-Name: Saeed Rokooei Author-X-Name-First: Saeed Author-X-Name-Last: Rokooei Title: Critical success factors using analytic hierarchy process: Perception of professionals in the Ethiopian construction sector Abstract: Multiple studies have been conducted on critical success factors (CSFs) in the construction industry in developed markets but only a few studies have focused on CSFs in emerging markets. The purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize CSFs in an emerging economy and compare the prioritization of various stakeholders. A total of 19 CSFs were selected from the literature and a pilot study for incorporating into a survey. The survey was distributed to 84 industry professionals in Ethiopia working in various construction capacities including owners, contractors, consultants, and academia. The analytic hierarchy process was used to collect the opinions of professionals, while Expert Choice© 11 was used to process the data for analysis. Kendall’s correlation coefficient was used to compare the responses of various stakeholders. The result indicates that Clear and Precise Goals, Competency of Consultant, and Consultant Track Record are the top three CSFs in the Ethiopian construction industry. The findings highlight that there is disagreement between the major stakeholders involved in the construction process. This study introduces a multi-criteria decision technique to provide a comprehensive list of CSFs for construction projects to enhance the overall project performance in the Ethiopian construction industry. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1707-1718 Issue: 6 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1982663 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1982663 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:6:p:1707-1718 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1961359_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Enioluwa Jonathan Ijatuyi Author-X-Name-First: Enioluwa Jonathan Author-X-Name-Last: Ijatuyi Author-Name: Oladimeji Idowu Oladele Author-X-Name-First: Oladimeji Idowu Author-X-Name-Last: Oladele Author-Name: Abiodun Olusola Omotayo Author-X-Name-First: Abiodun Olusola Author-X-Name-Last: Omotayo Title: Effects of award incentives and competition on entrepreneurship development of women farmers in North West province, South Africa Abstract: Female agricultural workers play an important role in feeding the world; hence, there is a need to encourage females in agricultural enterprises of developing countries. This study specifically identified the socioeconomic characteristics of the participants, their degree of participation, the constraints to their participation, as well as the benefits of and the level of commercialization of participants as a result of the AIC programme. This study employed a simple random sampling technique to collect data from 156 beneficiaries of the programme. Ordered probit regression and descriptive analysis were used in the analysis. The findings of the study show that the majority of the beneficiaries (75.6%) were involved in livestock production. The ordered probit regression model produced a good fit for the data and the computed F value was statistically significant (p < 0.01). The study, therefore, concluded that the programme motivates female subsistence farmers to advance to large-scale farming. The study recommends that the programme in North West province should be further strengthened and expanded to accommodate and encourage more females to participate in agriculture. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1486-1493 Issue: 6 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1961359 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1961359 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:6:p:1486-1493 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1961987_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Olaniyi Amos Fawole Author-X-Name-First: Olaniyi Amos Author-X-Name-Last: Fawole Author-Name: Loriane Jennifer Ayo-ola Yanclo Author-X-Name-First: Loriane Jennifer Ayo-ola Author-X-Name-Last: Yanclo Author-Name: Umezuruike Linus Opara Author-X-Name-First: Umezuruike Linus Author-X-Name-Last: Opara Title: Application of intermittent warming to enhance postharvest quality and extend the shelf life of pomegranate fruit (Punica granatum) Abstract: Intermittent warming (IW) cycles slow down the physiology of fresh horticultural commodities, thereby extending their storage life. We investigated the effects of IW on physiological disorders, physicochemical, sensory parameters and the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of pomegranate (Punica granatum; cv. Wonderful) fruit during a 3-month cold storage period. Pomegranate fruit batches were subjected to IW cycles of 3d at 5°C, followed by 1 d at 20°C (IW 3d) and 6 d at 5°C, followed by 1 d at 20°C (IW 6d). During cold storage at 5°C, fruit samples were transferred to shelf-life conditions at 20°C for 4 d before analysis was performed monthly. Continuous fruit mass loss was observed across all treatments during storage but was highest (p < 0.05) for untreated samples at the end of this study. Fruit decay was minimized by 15% and 16% for IW 3d and IW 6d, respectively, compared to 42% for the control. In contrast, a higher incidence of chilling injury was observed in the treated fruits than in control. Therefore, IW 3 d at 5°C is recommended for decay reduction in pomegranate fruit (cv. Wonderful) and shelf-life extension for up to 3 months of storage. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1506-1519 Issue: 6 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1961987 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1961987 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:6:p:1506-1519 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1960541_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ayodeji Emmanuel Oke Author-X-Name-First: Ayodeji Emmanuel Author-X-Name-Last: Oke Author-Name: Victor Adetunji Arowoiya Author-X-Name-First: Victor Adetunji Author-X-Name-Last: Arowoiya Author-Name: Damilola Ekundayo Author-X-Name-First: Damilola Author-X-Name-Last: Ekundayo Title: An empirical study on the benefits of augmented reality technology (ART): A Nigerian construction industry context Abstract: Augmented reality (AR) is the combination of real and computer-based images and scenes to bring about a unified and improved view of the world. This study assesses the benefits of augmented reality technology (ART) to the construction industry so that productivity in construction can be enhanced. A survey of construction professionals involved in the built environment was carried out in Lagos State, Nigeria. Architects, Project managers, Engineers, Quantity surveyors, and Builders were engaged in the survey, and they were sent a well-structured questionnaire. Convenience sampling techniques were adopted in choosing these professionals. The collected data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. According to the findings, the five most important benefits of ART are improved team collaboration and communication; enhanced repairs, rehabilitation, and maintenance; improved communication / real-time information retrieval; accurate automated measurement; and low-cost virtual training in operating heavy construction equipment. The results showed that there nine (9) out of fifteen (15) benefits had no significant difference in terms of the opinions of professionals, while the other six (6) had a significant difference. A post-hoc test revealed that there is a significant difference in opinions between the Architects and Quantity surveyors or between Quantity surveyors and Project managers on the benefits of AR while there is no significant difference for other professionals. The study concluded that AR improves collaboration and communication between workers on construction sites. It is therefore recommended that the Nigerian construction industry should create awareness programmes and platforms to inform its current and upcoming professionals on the benefits of using AR in the industry. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1447-1457 Issue: 6 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1960541 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1960541 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:6:p:1447-1457 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1023651_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Athman H. Mgumia Author-X-Name-First: Athman H. Author-X-Name-Last: Mgumia Author-Name: Amon Z. Mattee Author-X-Name-First: Amon Z. Author-X-Name-Last: Mattee Author-Name: Beatus A.T Kundi Author-X-Name-First: Beatus A.T Author-X-Name-Last: Kundi Title: Characteristics of agriculture technology and application of an agricultural innovation system in Tanzania Abstract: The globalisation of the world economy and advancements in science, including the use of biotechnology for agricultural production has subjected agricultural technologies to market forces for their generation and dissemination. It is evident, however, that while some technologies are more amenable to commercialisation, there are other technologies that may still need strong participation of public institutions for their generation and dissemination. This study analysed a total of 87 agricultural technologies in crop, food, and soil thematic areas with respect to the extent of incorporation of innovation systems in the process of technology development, multiplication and commercialisation. Each of the technologies was assessed in terms of its characteristics, actors involved and their roles at each stage of innovation. The study found that the economic features and multiple dimensional characteristics of agricultural technologies determine actors involved in the development and dissemination of the technologies through commercialisation. While 40% of the technologies were commercialised by business enterprises, 60% needed intermediation interventions. Features of agricultural innovation system have been incorporated particularly under ‘projects’ implemented by R&D or NGOs, which is an indication that the coverage and sustainability is subjective. Thus, government interventions in promoting agricultural innovations should focus on both operations and policy issues for effective incorporation of innovation system. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 73-83 Issue: 2 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1023651 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1023651 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:2:p:73-83 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1023641_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: O.T. Adeyemi Author-X-Name-First: O.T. Author-X-Name-Last: Adeyemi Author-Name: O. Osilesi Author-X-Name-First: O. Author-X-Name-Last: Osilesi Author-Name: O.O. Adebawo Author-X-Name-First: O.O. Author-X-Name-Last: Adebawo Author-Name: F.D. Onajobi Author-X-Name-First: F.D. Author-X-Name-Last: Onajobi Author-Name: S.O. Oyedemi Author-X-Name-First: S.O. Author-X-Name-Last: Oyedemi Author-Name: A.J. Afolayan Author-X-Name-First: A.J. Author-X-Name-Last: Afolayan Title: Evaluation of the levels of reactive di-carbonyl compounds and polyaromatic hydrocarbons in processed Atlantic horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) Abstract: Trachurus trachurus (locally called kote in Western Nigeria) is a table fish. During processing like poaching and smoking, fish come in contact with water, smoke and high temperatures, which may interfere with the nutrient contents and are potential sources of reactive di-carbonyl compounds (RDCs) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This study was therefore conducted to determine the level of RDCs and PAHs in raw and processed Trachurus trachurus fillet; skin, head and bones (SHB). Fish samples were prepared by poaching and smoking (charcoal and wood). RDCs and levels of 5 individual PAHs including fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, benz(a)anthracene and naphthalene were determined in raw, poached and smoked (charcoal and wood) Trachurus trachurus using standard methods. Results indicated that all processing methods significantly increased (p < 0.05) levels of RDCs and PAHs in the fillet and SHB. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that charcoal smoke processing produced the lowest levels of RDCs and PAHs in kote fillet and SHB. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 84-91 Issue: 2 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1023641 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1023641 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:2:p:84-91 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1023606_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Wilson Uchenna Ani Author-X-Name-First: Wilson Uchenna Author-X-Name-Last: Ani Author-Name: Philip Obialor Author-X-Name-First: Philip Author-X-Name-Last: Obialor Author-Name: Odo Cosmas Author-X-Name-First: Odo Author-X-Name-Last: Cosmas Author-Name: David Okelue Ugwunta Author-X-Name-First: David Okelue Author-X-Name-Last: Ugwunta Title: Company-specific characteristics affecting oil and gas reserves disclosure in the United Kingdom Abstract: This paper investigates company-specific characteristics affecting oil and gas reserves disclosure in the United Kingdom. Using a sample selected through purposive and stratified random sampling from 83 UK oil and gas exploration and production companies listed on the London Stock Exchange (LSE) the paper helped to shed light on this critical disclosure issue. The results provide evidence that company's characteristics of firm size, size of auditor, debt capital and listing status significantly affect the extent of disclosure of oil and gas reserves information, while stage of firm operation was not found significant. Furthermore, the need to reduce the agency cost of information asymmetry and moral hazard, and thus reduce contracting and monitoring cost, as well to signal prospects to stakeholders as determined by the firm size, use of debt capital, size of auditor, and listing status, will compel companies to disclose oil and gas reserves even where such disclosure is discretionary as is the case in the UK. The findings are relevant to analysts and investors who use oil and gas reserve data disclosed by companies in valuing firms. Of interest to them would be information on reserves quantity data and narratives provided in the website in contradistinction to the valuation based on the annual report alone. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 92-100 Issue: 2 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1023606 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1023606 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:2:p:92-100 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_924262_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mohammad-Ali Shafia Author-X-Name-First: Mohammad-Ali Author-X-Name-Last: Shafia Author-Name: Mehdi Mohammadi Author-X-Name-First: Mehdi Author-X-Name-Last: Mohammadi Author-Name: Ali-Reza Babakhan Author-X-Name-First: Ali-Reza Author-X-Name-Last: Babakhan Author-Name: Seyyed S Monajemzadeh Author-X-Name-First: Seyyed S Author-X-Name-Last: Monajemzadeh Title: The developmental model of technological capability in the Iranian medical equipment industries: A multi-case study Abstract: In recent decades, many countries have selected the industrialisation path and adopted different strategies to improve economic conditions. In addition, wealth creation from science and technology has been welcomed by many theorists of development. Thus, developing countries have tried to develop technological capabilities of their own. This issue has not been ignored in Iran where many companies have tried to form bedrocks for technological capabilities and local technologies. This multi-case study aimed to investigate the methods of technological capability formation in five companies active in the medical equipment field and to model their modes of operation. The findings indicated that the surveyed companies focused on three aspects entailing activities within the organisation, activities outside the organisation and learning styles in order to develop technological capabilities. Further analysis illustrated firstly a co-evolutionary relationship between activities aiming to boost technological capabilities and ‘learning’ and secondly, the ultimate goal of activities related to improve technological capabilities is to promot learning flow within the organisations. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 101-110 Issue: 2 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.924262 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.924262 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:2:p:101-110 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1023649_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: M.B. Mndawe Author-X-Name-First: M.B. Author-X-Name-Last: Mndawe Author-Name: J.M. Ndambuki Author-X-Name-First: J.M. Author-X-Name-Last: Ndambuki Author-Name: W.K. Kupolati Author-X-Name-First: W.K. Author-X-Name-Last: Kupolati Author-Name: A.A. Badejo Author-X-Name-First: A.A. Author-X-Name-Last: Badejo Author-Name: R. Dunbar Author-X-Name-First: R. Author-X-Name-Last: Dunbar Title: Assessment of the effects of climate change on the performance of pavement subgrade Abstract: This research investigated the effects of future climate change on pavement life in South Africa by simulating prolonged moisture presence in the pavement subgrade. The study was conducted on roads P435 and P443 within uMkhanyakude District Municipality. Climatic data were collected from the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and Climate Systems Analysis Group (CSAG) from 1940 to 2001 and simulated from 2012 to 2062. Sampling was done using the standard procedure described in Technical Methods for Highways (TMH) 5 and soil laboratory tests carried out according to TMH 1. Results of laboratory tests classified the materials as G10 based on their California bearing ratio (CBR) and plasticity index (PI). Relative compaction of 91.4 and 94.3% were obtained from the CBR test on the subgrade layers of roads P435 and P443 respectively. The research showed that 50 years into the future will bring a climate change signal that will be minimal in terms of precipitation. However, natural weather variability threatens to be the dominant signal. The pavement life has been shown to decrease in a way that would threaten the road category and design reliability. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 111-115 Issue: 2 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1023649 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1023649 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:2:p:111-115 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1023640_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Manik Kher Author-X-Name-First: Manik Author-X-Name-Last: Kher Title: The electronic voting machine: a continuous process of achieving quality Abstract: The mandatory use of electronic voting machines in the Indian electoral process has brought about a sea change in making the elections free, fair, eco-friendly and cost effective. This paper discusses how through continuous improvement and stringent quality checks the technological features have been aligned with the polling process as directed by the Election Commission of India. The manufacturing processes and the quality checks introduced at each stage have been reinforced by employee passion for perfection and their participation through quality circles. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 116-121 Issue: 2 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1023640 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1023640 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:2:p:116-121 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1023638_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: P.A. Fasanmade Author-X-Name-First: P.A. Author-X-Name-Last: Fasanmade Author-Name: G.O. Adeyemi Author-X-Name-First: G.O. Author-X-Name-Last: Adeyemi Author-Name: E.O. Eze Author-X-Name-First: E.O. Author-X-Name-Last: Eze Title: The California bearing ratio (CBR) of some mechanically stabilised laterite sub-base soils along the Ibadan-Oyo Road, Southwestern Nigeria Abstract: Mechanical stabilisation by mixing one lateritic soil with another is not a popular subject of research, hence this study. Samples were taken from two locations along the Ibadan-Oyo Road in Southwestern Nigeria. The study focused on determining the California bearing ratio of unsoaked and soaked samples, using the method of mixing geotechnically better lateritic soil as a stabilising agent, by volume, with another geotechnically poorer lateritic soil, employing different percentages by volume of the stabiliser. The soils samples were compacted at both the modified American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials (AASHTO) and West African levels using the British Standard 1377. The influence of stabiliser on some of the engineering properties of the soils was determined. Results of the geotechnical analysis show significant increase in the strength of all the samples when stabilised. The cumulative increase in the unsoaked CBR of the 5 stabilised samples varied from about 50% to 92%. This shows that mechanical stabilisation of the studied soils is very effective. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 122-125 Issue: 2 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1023638 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1023638 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:2:p:122-125 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_903014_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Samia Satti Osman Mohamed Nour Author-X-Name-First: Samia Satti Osman Mohamed Author-X-Name-Last: Nour Title: The economic importance and impacts of intellectual property rights (IPRs) in Sudan Abstract: This paper explains the importance of IPRs and examines the factors hindering and those contributing toward enhancing IPRs in Sudan. We find that the inadequacy of IPRs protection in Sudan is attributed to low integration in the international institutions, lack of legal issues, lack of government concern, lack of private sector concern, weak institutions setting, lack of public awareness, lack of resources, a weak culture for IPRs, lack of cooperation between universities and industry and lack of coordination. The inadequate IPRs protection in Sudan leads to poor national system of innovation, hindering Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and hindering transfer of technology. The factors contributing toward enhancing IPRs in Sudan include promotion of adequate IPRs legislations and enforcement; planning, commitment to international IPRs agreements; finance, investment and resources; social partnership to encourage IPRs protection, increasing government concern, increasing private sector concern, improvement of public awareness, encouragement of cooperation between universities and industry, and improvement of institutions setting, coordination and culture for IPRs protection. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 126-143 Issue: 2 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.903014 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.903014 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:2:p:126-143 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1023636_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Michael Kanisuru Adeyeri Author-X-Name-First: Michael Kanisuru Author-X-Name-Last: Adeyeri Author-Name: Khumbulani Mpofu Author-X-Name-First: Khumbulani Author-X-Name-Last: Mpofu Author-Name: Buliaminu Kareem Author-X-Name-First: Buliaminu Author-X-Name-Last: Kareem Title: Modelling of product demand as a pointer tool for choice of maintenance strategy Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to use product demand or sales turnout of products in a competitive environment as an indicator to suggest maintenance strategies for machinery. The model takes account of singular products from several companies or industries, thus giving room for a share factor in the market population. The model is developed based on the factors of maintenance severity, production capacity, output production, production strategies and demand for the product. It also integrates conventional manufacturing, just-in-time (JIT) and automation with maintenance cultures such as predictive, preventive and breakdown, coupled with a spare parts inventory. The software was developed using C# to ease and consolidate the entire research. Production data and product turnout for the same products for twelve weeks from one industry with were collected and analysed to validate this concept. The output of the integrated maintenance product demand model is dynamic, as the suggested maintenance strategy based on product demand varies with time. The model formulated was able to assist in taking appropriate maintenance decisions on machinery, thereby reducing the mean time to failure (MTTF) and thus correcting the products backlog and enhancing overall equipment effectiveness, management of machinery, products flow and materials inventory. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 144-150 Issue: 2 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1023636 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1023636 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:2:p:144-150 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1023644_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Athman H. Mgumia Author-X-Name-First: Athman H. Author-X-Name-Last: Mgumia Author-Name: Amon Z. Mattee Author-X-Name-First: Amon Z. Author-X-Name-Last: Mattee Author-Name: Beatus A.T. Kundi Author-X-Name-First: Beatus A.T. Author-X-Name-Last: Kundi Title: Contribution of innovation intermediaries in agricultural innovation: the case of agricultural R&D in Tanzania Abstract: With the current global economic reforms and advances in science, the move has been towards privatisation of the agricultural knowledge infrastructure. However, inadequate capacity of agricultural entrepreneurs and the diversity in the characteristics of the agricultural technologies have created market and system failures, resulting in imbalances of the supply and demand of technologies and hampering private agricultural business development. Experience from countries with mature innovation systems indicates the emergence of innovation intermediaries that facilitate agricultural entrepreneurs to innovate. Using a case-study approach, the present study identified and mapped the recipients of technologies from agricultural research institutions in Tanzania and analysed the extent to which ‘innovation intermediation roles’ have been applied by recipients in relation to demand articulation, network brokerage and innovation process management. Through an in-depth analysis of twelve cases, the study revealed the role of innovation intermediation performed by NGOs and R&D as project interventions not as their core activities. The study demonstrates the potential contributions of innovation intermediaries in agricultural innovation processes and recommends official recognition and government support in the establishment and implementation of innovation intermediation activities outside the project set-ups. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 151-160 Issue: 2 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1023644 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1023644 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:2:p:151-160 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1045187_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Sheikh Fayaz Ahmad Author-X-Name-First: Sheikh Fayaz Author-X-Name-Last: Ahmad Title: People's History of Science: Miners, Midwives, and ‘Low Mechanicks’ Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 161-162 Issue: 2 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1045187 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1045187 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:2:p:161-162 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1045188_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Noklenyangla Title: Nucleus and Nation: Scientists, International Networks and Power in India Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 163-163 Issue: 2 Volume: 7 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2015.1045188 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2015.1045188 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:7:y:2015:i:2:p:163-163 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_976393_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mammo Muchie Author-X-Name-First: Mammo Author-X-Name-Last: Muchie Author-Name: Angathvar Baskaran Author-X-Name-First: Angathvar Author-X-Name-Last: Baskaran Title: Notes from the editors Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1-2 Issue: 1 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.976393 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.976393 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:1:p:1-2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_902565_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: C. Verharen Author-X-Name-First: C. Author-X-Name-Last: Verharen Author-Name: B. Gutema Author-X-Name-First: B. Author-X-Name-Last: Gutema Author-Name: J. Tharakan Author-X-Name-First: J. Author-X-Name-Last: Tharakan Author-Name: F. Bugarin Author-X-Name-First: F. Author-X-Name-Last: Bugarin Author-Name: J. Fortunak Author-X-Name-First: J. Author-X-Name-Last: Fortunak Author-Name: G. Kadoda Author-X-Name-First: G. Author-X-Name-Last: Kadoda Author-Name: M. Liu Author-X-Name-First: M. Author-X-Name-Last: Liu Author-Name: G. Middendorf Author-X-Name-First: G. Author-X-Name-Last: Middendorf Title: African philosophy: a key to African innovation and development Abstract: This essay demonstrates how African philosophy can be a key to African innovation and development. Its first section illustrates how philosophy as a discipline drives innovation in science and technology. The second part proposes a new discipline linking science, engineering and technology to sustainable, ethical development. The third section proposes an ethics core derived from ancient Egyptian and Ethiopian thought. It addresses the fact that non-African principles and personnel have in some measure directed African development, resulting in unsustainable and sometimes destructive outcomes. The conclusion argues that the primary instrument for African development must be a Pan-African curriculum developed through research funded by the African Union. The curriculum's dissemination will depend on widespread broadband internet access throughout Africa. The essay's method is philosophical, deploying conceptual analysis of key terms as well as generalized descriptions of the intersections of science, technology, innovation and development. The essay proposes prescriptions for developing relations among these fields for the theory and policy of African development. This study is empirical in the sense that philosophy offers broad generalizations about experience. However, it does not examine data-sets characteristic of more specifically targeted scientific descriptions. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 3-12 Issue: 1 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.902565 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.902565 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:1:p:3-12 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_895481_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Hemant Kumar Author-X-Name-First: Hemant Author-X-Name-Last: Kumar Author-Name: Saradindu Bhaduri Author-X-Name-First: Saradindu Author-X-Name-Last: Bhaduri Title: Jugaad to grassroot innovations: understanding the landscape of the informal sector innovations in India Abstract: Ironically, the phenomenal growth in the academic literature on innovation in recent years has omitted the innovative activities in the informal sector. There is no doubt that the informal sector occupies a key position in the economic activities of many of today's developing and emerging economies. In fact, the so called ‘new view’ on the informal sector posits the activities of this sector in an optimistic manner, emphasising its role in providing wider access to goods and services. However, what lies behind their sustained competitive edge has remained unexplored. The key objective of the paper is to analyse the concepts of jugaad'' and grassroot innovations, the two most popular terms in the context of informal sector innovation in India, examine the nature of innovative efforts they embody, and the socio-economic values generated by these activities. This research is exploratory in nature and we mostly use qualitative data for our analysis. Such an analysis, we argue, will help us better appreciate the complexities of the informal sector in the Indian economy and open new vistas to understand innovative behaviour. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 13-22 Issue: 1 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.895481 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.895481 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:1:p:13-22 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_895484_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Charl van der Merwe Author-X-Name-First: Charl Author-X-Name-Last: van der Merwe Title: The possible relation between bio-fuels, agriculture and the demand for food in South African cities Abstract: Global food security is constantly faced with new challenges as new driving forces emerge. One of these new emerging driving forces is the link between the demand for energy and agriculture, specifically with regards to food security discourses. This paper provides an overview of the discourses around bio-fuels and also more specifically the situation with regards to bio-fuels in South Africa; South Africa's agricultural productivity post-1994; food security and urbanization in South Africa and food supply to urban centres. The paper concludes by pointing out that the growth of bio-fuel production coupled with levels of agricultural unproductiveness in South Africa can have a potentially negative impact on urban food supply. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 23-30 Issue: 1 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.895484 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.895484 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:1:p:23-30 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_895485_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Wilson U Ani Author-X-Name-First: Wilson U Author-X-Name-Last: Ani Author-Name: Cosmas O Odo Author-X-Name-First: Cosmas O Author-X-Name-Last: Odo Author-Name: Ezeudu Ikenna Author-X-Name-First: Ezeudu Author-X-Name-Last: Ikenna Title: The impact of information technology on bank profitability in Nigeria Abstract: This paper examines the impact of information technology on bank profitability. Using a sample comprising one-quarter of the banks in Nigeria currently quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange, regression results were in conflict with a priori expectations, which indicated that information technology spending in the study period had no significant impact on future operating performance. The results remained robust irrespective of alternative measures of profitability. This surprising outcome, among other things, is likely connected with the fact that investment in information technology is now a common denominator for all banks and that the data set is from a sub-Saharan African country where investment in information technology by banks is not yet at its prime level. However, what the results show is that information technology investment is inevitable for banking institutions to enable them to continue to operate efficiently in the current competitive banking industry. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 31-37 Issue: 1 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.895485 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.895485 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:1:p:31-37 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_902576_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Victor E. Dike Author-X-Name-First: Victor E. Author-X-Name-Last: Dike Title: Planned intervention and organisational development: the role of leadership in change initiatives Abstract: Every system - organisation or human being - has the tendency of striving to change for the better. Although the process can be planned or unplanned, it involves continuous adjustment to a new environment. This paper focuses on the role of leadership in planned change initiatives and the interventions that make them possible. It will also discuss some pertinent theories of change. It has been noted by some change experts that ‘guiding change may be the ultimate test of a leader as no business survives over a long term if it can't reinvent itself.’ This is because the success or failure of any organisational change hinges on the skills and capability of the leadership to implement the process as well as the support of the major stakeholders. It is therefore incumbent upon the leaders of organisations to surround themselves with honest and committed team players to enable them to navigate their organisations successfully through a planned change process. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 39-44 Issue: 1 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.902576 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.902576 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:1:p:39-44 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_924258_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Okey F Obi Author-X-Name-First: Okey F Author-X-Name-Last: Obi Author-Name: Joel N Nwakaire Author-X-Name-First: Joel N Author-X-Name-Last: Nwakaire Title: Repositioning agricultural development in Africa through appropriate technology transfer Abstract: The advancement in agricultural technology frontiers over time has resulted in continuous upward shifts in the production, distribution and consumption of agricultural produce worldwide. Such dramatic shifts in the technology frontier have increased the technology gap between countries and regions because of differences in the physical and institutional environments affecting the adoption of these technologies. The results emanating from effort by African countries in adopting transferred technologies since the twentieth century has yielded little or no result particularly in the agricultural sector. The strong institutional and organisational changes and framework combined with the appropriate transfer and adoption of technologies have increased agricultural productivity and decreased costs. This study is a synthesis of agriculture technology transfer in Africa that, in addition to defining technology transfer, examines the concept of technology transfer, its barriers, opportunities and the needed technology transfer drivers in African agriculture, as well as the processes for effective technology transfer. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 45-50 Issue: 1 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.924258 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.924258 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:1:p:45-50 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_931741_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Oluwagbenga T Alao Author-X-Name-First: Oluwagbenga T Author-X-Name-Last: Alao Author-Name: Odunayo C Adebooye Author-X-Name-First: Odunayo C Author-X-Name-Last: Adebooye Author-Name: Olanike F Deji Author-X-Name-First: Olanike F Author-X-Name-Last: Deji Author-Name: Kaothar M Idris-Adeniyi Author-X-Name-First: Kaothar M Author-X-Name-Last: Idris-Adeniyi Author-Name: Oluwafemi Agbola Author-X-Name-First: Oluwafemi Author-X-Name-Last: Agbola Author-Name: Ahmed O Busari Author-X-Name-First: Ahmed O Author-X-Name-Last: Busari Title: Analysis of the impact of production technology and gender on under-utilised indigenous vegetables production in south-western Nigeria Abstract: We quantified the impact of new production technologies on total land area allocated to production of six (ugu, igbagba, tete atetedaye, woorowo, ogunmo and odu) selected high-premium under-utilised indigenous vegetables (UIVs) in south-western Nigeria. Leaf yields and accruable returns were estimated by comparing the data for these parameters at the commencement of the project in 2011 (through a baseline survey) with the same set of parameters after three years (in 2013) of project implementation. Through a structured interview and focus group discussion involving 134 randomly selected respondents (59 women and 75 men) from the 350 UIVs cooperative members in the rainforest and derived savanna agroecologies in four states (Oyo, Ondo, Osun and Ekiti) of south-western Nigeria, we studied the gender gap between male and female farmers with respect to access to productive farm resources. The data obtained were analysed using appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics. On average across south-western Nigeria in 2013, areas of 7.67, 7.0, 5.6, 1.9, 2.83 and 0.72 ha were planted to ugu, igbagba, tete atetedaye, woorowo, ogunmo and odu, respectively, compared to areas in 2011 of 0.3, 0.2, 0.6, 0, 0.32 and 0 ha, respectively. Yield analyses showed that the productivity of ugu, igbagba, tete atetedaye, woorowo, ogunmo and odu increased by 62%, 67%, 60%, 100%, 64% and 100%, respectively, as a result of the seeding rate technology applied between 2011 and 2013. More than 80% of the male and female respondents were aged between 31 and 60 years and possessed mean UIV farming experience of 18.7 years (males) and 13.4 years (females). The average farm area was 3.4 ha for men and 2.8 ha for women. The difficulty in accessing agrochemicals, modern technologies and marketing outlets was skewed towards females. We identified inadequate finance, lack of storage facilities, marketing outlets, multiple household responsibilities, lack of technology, lack of inputs and gender inequality as some of the problems associated with UIV production as perceived by both male and female respondents. Age (r = 0.290) and farming experience (r = 0.216) of female UIVs farmers, and age (r = 0.300), farming experience (r = 0.226), education (r = 0.363) and income (r = 0.224) of male UIV farmers were positively correlated with access to production resources (p≤0.01). In conclusion, there is a need to drop policies that are less favourable to rural women and to focus on the appreciation of their role as producers of wealth, and additionally to strengthen the network of public services in rural areas, including education and welfare services. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 51-59 Issue: 1 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2014.931741 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2014.931741 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:1:p:51-59 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_871158_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Thomas W. Thurner Author-X-Name-First: Thomas W. Author-X-Name-Last: Thurner Title: Challenge Social Innovation: Potential for Business, Social Entrepreneurship, Welfare and Civil Society Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 61-61 Issue: 1 Volume: 6 Year: 2014 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.871158 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.871158 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:6:y:2014:i:1:p:61-61 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1322351_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Olasunkanmi A. Adekitan Author-X-Name-First: Olasunkanmi A. Author-X-Name-Last: Adekitan Author-Name: Gbenga M. Ayininuola Author-X-Name-First: Gbenga M. Author-X-Name-Last: Ayininuola Title: Optimizing the thermal treatment of Abeokuta kaolin (south-west Nigeria) for production of natural pozzolan Abstract: The use of pozzolans in construction works have been on the rise in recent times, an effort driven by the need for environmentally friendly alternatives to cement. Calcined kaolin is a natural pozzolan currently being researched and optimum pozzolanic performance has been related to its production parameters. This work investigated the optimum calcining temperature and time for a kaolin source located in Ajebo, south-west Nigeria, using the degree of de-hydroxylation (Dtg) as a measuring parameter. Preliminary DTA revealed that the formation phase was between 500°C and 750°C. Using this result as a reference, the kaolin samples, each 300 gm, were thereafter calcined at temperatures of 550°C, 600°C, 650°C, 700°C, 750°C and 800°C, respectively, each for 1 hr and 2 hrs in an electric muffle furnace. At each instance, Dtg was obtained as the mass loss calculated as a percentage of the original mass. The process was repeated two more times and averages were calculated. Results showed that Dtg peaked at the 750°C-1 hr combination (0.95), whereas marginal differences were recorded at some lower temperatures (0.91 for 650°C-2 hrs; 0.91 for 700°C-1 hr; 0.93 for 700°C-2 hrs). The paper concludes by advising on these temperature-time combinations for optimum calcining of Ajebo kaolin. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 361-365 Issue: 4 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1322351 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1322351 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:4:p:361-365 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1322798_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Christian Omobhude Author-X-Name-First: Christian Author-X-Name-Last: Omobhude Author-Name: Shih-Hsin Chen Author-X-Name-First: Shih-Hsin Author-X-Name-Last: Chen Title: Mixed-method approaches to studying innovation networks in developing countries Abstract: Existing literature maintains that innovation networks would enhance the development of firms and industry. However, what remains less clear is the methodologies applied in each context and what sort of barriers occur during data collection. Through reviewing the methodologies adopted in previous studies on innovation networks, this paper analyzes existing literature studies on innovation networks in both developing and developed countries. The findings suggest the methodological gap centres on the reliance of a single method adopted by developing countries which differs from developed countries adopting mixed-method approaches. This is because of difficulty in data accessibility, the absence of data or data reliability concerns in some cases in developing countries. This paper contributes to the literature by identifying and subsequently proffering ways that are relevant in enhancing research on innovation networks from a methodological perspective. This paper therefore suggests applying a mixed-method approach that combines different approaches to study innovation networks to maximize data validity and reliability. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 367-379 Issue: 4 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1322798 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1322798 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:4:p:367-379 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1327931_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: K. A. Olonade Author-X-Name-First: K. A. Author-X-Name-Last: Olonade Author-Name: M. B. Jaji Author-X-Name-First: M. B. Author-X-Name-Last: Jaji Author-Name: O. A. Adekitan Author-X-Name-First: O. A. Author-X-Name-Last: Adekitan Title: Experimental comparison of selected pozzolanic materials Abstract: Different pozzolanic materials are commonly used in concrete production with different properties. This paper compared the performance of metakaoline (MTK), bamboo leaf ash (BLA), pulverized fly ash (PFA) and corn cob ash (CCA), when used as partial replacement for cement in concrete. The replacement levels considered were 5, 10 and 15%. A concrete mix of ratio 1:2:4 was batched by weight using a water-cement ratio of 0.6. Cubes of size 150 mm were cast from the concrete and cured in water for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Compressive strength and workability tests were conducted, following standard procedures. The results indicated that all the materials had compressive strength comparable to that of the normal concrete (23.97 N/mm2), with strength activity indices that ranged from 80–90%. This performance was observed at maximum replacement levels of 5% for CCA and 10% for each of BLA and MTK, while up to 15% replacement level was used in the case of PFA. The paper concludes that the materials had different influences on the strength properties of concrete. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 381-385 Issue: 4 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1327931 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1327931 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:4:p:381-385 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1338387_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Wanjiru Gachie Author-X-Name-First: Wanjiru Author-X-Name-Last: Gachie Author-Name: Desmond Wesley Govender Author-X-Name-First: Desmond Wesley Author-X-Name-Last: Govender Title: Commercialization of higher education institutions’ research within the National System of Innovation Abstract: The commercialization of higher education institutions’ (HEIs’) research within the South African National System of Innovation (NSI) has received prominence in the post-apartheid era. Intra-African NSI dialogue to draw out context-specific and generic country experiences that could inform policy developments, and initiate and accelerate strengthening of research commercialization is important. However, there is a lack of data for a comprehensive and informed overview of the role of HEIs in commercialization of research and the main challenges they face. This paper intends to propose a more comprehensive platform for promoting, building, and managing commercialization of research. This mixed-method research confirmed that South African HEIs combine education, research and community engagement, but their base needs to be strengthened for research commercialization to occur. Findings identified that HEIs’ commercialization of research is constrained by lack of commercialization skills and low numbers of qualified staff, brain drain, aging of faculty, absence of intellectual property (IP) policy measures, and focus on lecturing rather than research-focused mandates. Proposed strategies to improve research commercialization should include development and implementation of fair IP policies and guidelines, bolstering of human and organizational capabilities at HEIs and research institutes, and strengthening periodic reviewing by the National Intellectual Property Management Office. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 387-397 Issue: 4 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1338387 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1338387 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:4:p:387-397 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1340248_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Rosemary N. Wojuola Author-X-Name-First: Rosemary N. Author-X-Name-Last: Wojuola Author-Name: Busisiwe P. Alant Author-X-Name-First: Busisiwe P. Author-X-Name-Last: Alant Title: Public perceptions about renewable energy technologies in Nigeria Abstract: Globally, there is a focus on generating energy from renewable energy sources in order to ensure sustainability. However, experience has shown that although the public generally accepts renewable energy technology (RET), there is also opposition to its implementation. Renewable energy education is thus essential for its successful implementation. This work is based on doctoral research which seeks to explore the Nigerian public’s understanding (inclusive of knowledge, beliefs, perceptions and attitude) of RET. A mixed-method approach was used and the work was based on the theory of reasoned action (TRA) and the technology acceptance model (TAM). The results shows that there are significant positive correlations between perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and intention to use RET. Negative perceptions about the National Electric Power Authority (NEPA), lack of information about how RET works, cost and corruption all created negative perceptions about RET among the public. There is a need for both formal and informal energy education in the country. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 399-409 Issue: 4 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1340248 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1340248 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:4:p:399-409 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1340395_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Adeyemi Adeboje Author-X-Name-First: Adeyemi Author-X-Name-Last: Adeboje Author-Name: Williams Kupolati Author-X-Name-First: Williams Author-X-Name-Last: Kupolati Author-Name: Rotimi Sadiku Author-X-Name-First: Rotimi Author-X-Name-Last: Sadiku Author-Name: Julius Ndambuki Author-X-Name-First: Julius Author-X-Name-Last: Ndambuki Author-Name: Dolapo Yussuf Author-X-Name-First: Dolapo Author-X-Name-Last: Yussuf Author-Name: Chewe Kambole Author-X-Name-First: Chewe Author-X-Name-Last: Kambole Title: Utilization of pulverized cow bone (PCB) for stabilizing lateritic soil for road work Abstract: This research explored the possibility of improving the engineering properties of lateritic soil with pulverized cow bone (PCB), a processed animal waste obtained from slaughtered cows, for road construction. The effects of PCB on the lateritic soil samples were evaluated by adding 5–12.5% PCB with a constant increment of 2.5% to the lateritic soil. The lateritic soil had a liquid limit of 36%, a plastic limit of 25.06% and a plasticity index of 10.94%. The plasticity of the lateritic soil is low; hence the lateritic soil may not be susceptible to cracking or shrinkage. The specific gravity of the lateritic soil is 2.59 while that of the PCB is 2.25. Though the values of the California bearing ratio and unconfined compressive strength increased from 15.50–22.3% and 67.25–204.18 kN/m2, respectively with the addition of 0–12.5% PCB, the compaction results did not suggest that PCB can be added to the lateritic soil endlessly. The chemical reaction between silicon and calcium oxides, which were predominant in PCB and lateritic soil respectively, may have implication for the engineering properties of the soil. From the results of the study, an addition of 5% PCB is recommended to improve the engineering properties of the lateritic soil for road construction. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 411-416 Issue: 4 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1340395 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1340395 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:4:p:411-416 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1341092_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Olufunmilayo Alice Mafimidiwo Author-X-Name-First: Olufunmilayo Alice Author-X-Name-Last: Mafimidiwo Author-Name: Akshay Kumar Saha Author-X-Name-First: Akshay Kumar Author-X-Name-Last: Saha Title: Generating optimum solar output energy with three-dimensional photovoltaic system – the effect of solar radiation Abstract: In order to optimize the solar energy generated from a photovoltaic solar panel, adequate utilization of the global irradiation incident on the photovoltaic panel is necessary. Solar irradiation received on the surface of any material on the earth could be considered as the power absorbed in the entire volume of that material and could be measured in Watts per unit volume. This is the technology behind the three-dimensional photovoltaic structure. The three-dimensional photovoltaic structure is a new technology consisting of photovoltaic modules assembled in a three-dimensional configuration. This paper mathematically utilizes the three-dimensional nature of the photovoltaic panel to analyze the effectiveness of measuring energy in per unit volume. The solar energy generated in Durban in the month of January was utilized as an example to analyse and compare the output solar energy generated for both the 3-D and the 2-D system options. The results obtained are compared and discussed. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 417-424 Issue: 4 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1341092 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1341092 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:4:p:417-424 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1341093_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Chris William Callaghan Author-X-Name-First: Chris William Author-X-Name-Last: Callaghan Title: Scientific real-time research problem-solving and pharmaceutical innovation Abstract: Despite dramatic advances on a global scale in the scientific fields that underlie pharmaceutical innovation, the literature suggests that returns on investment in pharmaceutical R&D have not kept pace. Further, some argue that for the last 50 years advances in drug and vaccine development have plateaued. In the face of serious challenges, such as increasing antibiotic resistance, the threat of global pandemics such as Ebola, aging populations, increasing healthcare costs, and a general lack of access to medicines by many in developing regions, this paper argues that the current paradigm of pharmaceutical R&D is not able to address these problems adequately. Probabilistic innovation theory predicts how the convergence of technologies and methods such as expert crowdsourced R&D may ultimately contribute to real-time problem-solving. These potentialities are described as a new paradigm in R&D. Such a paradigm might be uniquely suited to an industry that has perhaps moved beyond small molecule R&D into a new era of complex protein-based R&D associated with an almost infinite ‘problem space’ that is dependent on economies of scale in R&D efforts. This paper therefore offers a perspective on these challenges, and provides certain arguments in support of novel, technologically enabled approaches to scientific problem-solving. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 425-435 Issue: 4 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1341093 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1341093 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:4:p:425-435 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1341731_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Kodji Deli Author-X-Name-First: Kodji Author-X-Name-Last: Deli Author-Name: Etienne Tchoffo Houdji Author-X-Name-First: Etienne Author-X-Name-Last: Tchoffo Houdji Author-Name: Noel Djongyang Author-X-Name-First: Noel Author-X-Name-Last: Djongyang Author-Name: Donatien Njomo Author-X-Name-First: Donatien Author-X-Name-Last: Njomo Title: Operation and maintenance of back-up photovoltaic systems: An analysis based on a field study in Cameroon Abstract: This work is an analysis of the data collected from 20 photovoltaic installations all over Cameroon. The objectives are to study the causes of the breakdown of the different installations and propose maintenance strategies to solve them and to evaluate the field lifetime of the different elements of the PV systems. The data analyzed were obtained from maintenance records and measurements over a period of nine years (from 2007 to 2015). It appears from this analysis that 29% of the batteries went bad (leading to curative intervention), contributing to about 64.9% of the total breakdown registered. About 58.5% of the installed batteries were replaced during preventive visits; according to that, the estimated average life expectancy of the batteries installed in the 20 sites was six years. At the same time, considering the various failures caused by other items of the system, 50% of the systems received curative interventions within the first four years of the study, the other 50% received their first curative intervention only from the fifth year. This study also permitted us to evaluate the quantity of preventive and corrective maintenance impacts on solar PV systems. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 437-448 Issue: 4 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1341731 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1341731 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:4:p:437-448 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1341732_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Swapan Kumar Patra Author-X-Name-First: Swapan Kumar Author-X-Name-Last: Patra Author-Name: Mammo Muchie Author-X-Name-First: Mammo Author-X-Name-Last: Muchie Title: Engineering research profile of countries in the African Union Abstract: Scholarly publication output of engineering research from the member countries of the African Union (AU) are mapped using scholarly publication data from the Scopus® database of Elsevier. The countries are ranked based on various parameters, for example; number of publications, activity index, citations received and so on. The collaboration profiles of countries are plotted using Social Network Analysis tools. The results show that the engineering research publications are increasing in Africa at an exponential rate. However, this is not the main research focus, as the indicators like the activity index and the relative specialization index show overall negative productivity. The possible reason for low productivity in engineering science is perhaps due to the limited coverage of African scholarly publications in global citation databases. Interestingly, engineering research papers from the AU member countries have received quite a good number of citations. So, it is fairly certain that African engineering research has significant impact on global science. In terms of collaboration, South Africa is the most major collaborator and has good impact on global collaborations, as well as within African. However, there are further scopes of alliances among African countries. The policy recommendations include more focused research in engineering disciplines and more cooperation among AU member countries. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 449-465 Issue: 4 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1341732 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1341732 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:4:p:449-465 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1347338_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: C. Verharen Author-X-Name-First: C. Author-X-Name-Last: Verharen Author-Name: G. Kadoda Author-X-Name-First: G. Author-X-Name-Last: Kadoda Author-Name: F. Bugarin Author-X-Name-First: F. Author-X-Name-Last: Bugarin Author-Name: J. Fortunak Author-X-Name-First: J. Author-X-Name-Last: Fortunak Author-Name: J. Tharakan Author-X-Name-First: J. Author-X-Name-Last: Tharakan Author-Name: D. Schwartzman Author-X-Name-First: D. Author-X-Name-Last: Schwartzman Author-Name: E. Wensing Author-X-Name-First: E. Author-X-Name-Last: Wensing Author-Name: G. Middendorf Author-X-Name-First: G. Author-X-Name-Last: Middendorf Title: Appropriate technology and ethical obligations of the university: W.E.B. Du Bois on the Africana university mission Abstract: Working on the Encyclopedia Africana under the sponsorship of Kwame Nkrumah in Ghana, W.E.B. Du Bois reversed his conviction that only the ‘talented tenth’ could profit from a university education. He proposed that virtually all humans have a right to a university education. He further insisted that Africana (African and African in the Diaspora) universities are ethically obligated and uniquely positioned to spearhead a movement to train students to become professionals who solve problems community members are unable to solve for themselves. Africana universities can, with the aid of appropriate technology and service learning, take the steps necessary to achieve Du Bois’s vision. In this paper, we present a practical account of how universities may work with local communities to determine the questions to research and then deploy appropriate technologies through community-based but student-driven service learning projects. Our hypothesis is that students can become community leaders of tomorrow by partnering with community members to solve theoretical issues and practical problems of their communities. As university graduates inspired by Du Bois’s vision for Africana universities, their mission will be to establish alumni communities of learning that transfer problem-solving skills to community members who do not yet have access to university education. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 467-477 Issue: 4 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1347338 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1347338 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:4:p:467-477 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1352122_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ayokunle Olumuyiwa Omobowale Author-X-Name-First: Ayokunle Olumuyiwa Author-X-Name-Last: Omobowale Author-Name: Olukunle Tayo Akinola Author-X-Name-First: Olukunle Tayo Author-X-Name-Last: Akinola Title: A contextual assessment of the FADAMA III programme in Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria Abstract: FADAMA is a World Bank development initiative aimed at improving productivity and income of Nigerian farmers through relative science and technological inclusion as well as community and group participation. Following the success of Fadama I and II projects, the government of Nigeria adopted the Fadama III initiative (with comprehensive coverage across all geo-political zones in the country) in 2008 with a project cost of US$425 million. This research compared official and qualitative research data. Official data were from published World Bank and Osun State Fadama documents and statistics while qualitative research data were collected through key informant interviews, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, primarily in Iwo, Nigeria. The research data confirmed official statistics indicating appreciable success of the Fadama III programme despite some challenges. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 479-488 Issue: 4 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1352122 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1352122 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:4:p:479-488 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1352123_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Oyewale Mayowa Morakinyo Author-X-Name-First: Oyewale Mayowa Author-X-Name-Last: Morakinyo Author-Name: Matlou Ingrid Mokgobu Author-X-Name-First: Matlou Ingrid Author-X-Name-Last: Mokgobu Author-Name: Murembiwa Stanley Mukhola Author-X-Name-First: Murembiwa Stanley Author-X-Name-Last: Mukhola Author-Name: Jacobus Christoffel Engelbrecht Author-X-Name-First: Jacobus Christoffel Author-X-Name-Last: Engelbrecht Title: Health risk assessment of exposure to ambient concentrations of benzene, toluene and xylene in Pretoria West, South Africa Abstract: Benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) are part of the volatile organic group of pollutants and are seen as international environmental priority air pollutants that can constitute a threat to public health. This study assessed the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of exposure to BTX in an industrial area located in Pretoria West, South Africa. The study comprised two parts, namely ambient air monitoring and the application of a Human Health Risk Assessment (HHRA) model. The study included sampling data for the 2014 calendar year (January – December). Sampling frequency were hourly samples of ambient concentrations of BTX. Estimate of the possible non-carcinogenic risk of BTX and carcinogenic risk of benzene were determined using the hazard quotient (HQ) and lifetime cancer risk (LCR) respectively. Annual average concentration (µg/m3) of BTX was 0.9 ± 0.9, 2.2 ± 2.5 and 0.8 ± 0.6, respectively, with higher concentrations during winter months. The HQ indicated no likelihood of adverse health effects on children and adults. The HQ of exposure to BTX were <1 for both children (0.094 µg/m3) and adults (0.38 µg/m3). The LCR of exposure to benzene among children (4.4 × 10−7) as well as adults (1.8 × 10−6) was lower than those stipulated by regulatory organizations. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 489-496 Issue: 4 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1352123 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1352123 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:4:p:489-496 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1356060_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Erratum Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 497-497 Issue: 4 Volume: 9 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1356060 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1356060 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:9:y:2017:i:4:p:497-497 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_809280_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Fayaz Sheikh Author-X-Name-First: Fayaz Author-X-Name-Last: Sheikh Author-Name: Imtiyaz Bhat Author-X-Name-First: Imtiyaz Author-X-Name-Last: Bhat Title: Academic Interaction with Social Partners: Investigating the contribution of universities to economic and social development Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 337-338 Issue: 4 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.809280 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.809280 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:4:p:337-338 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_809260_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: David Schwartzman Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Schwartzman Author-Name: Peter Schwartzman Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Schwartzman Title: A Rapid Solar Transition is not only Possible, it is Imperative! Abstract: Catastrophic climate change (C3) is inevitable if carbon emissions to the atmosphere are not rapidly reduced and the now unsafe atmospheric level (400 ppm) CO2 (and rising) is not brought down by sequestration technologies to below 350 ppm. C3 prevention is possible with the replacement of global fossil fuel supplies by wind, concentrated solar power and photovoltaics, with the main obstacle being the political economy of global capitalism, specifically the Military Industrial (Fossil Fuel, Nuclear, State Terror) Complex. C3 prevention likely requires global demilitarization, agroecologies replacing industrial/genetically modified organism (GMO) agriculture, solarization, and democratic, bottom-up governance. Energy poverty in the global South must end, reaching a rough minimum of 3.5 kilowatt/person. This solar transition is achievable in 20 to 30 years using less than 40% of the proven reserves of conventional petroleum, while supplying sufficient energy to sequester CO2 from the atmosphere using agroecologies and burial of carbonate in the crust, thereby maximizing the possibility of reaching a safe atmospheric CO2 level in time to prevent C3. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 297-302 Issue: 4 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.809260 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.809260 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:4:p:297-302 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_809279_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Marcel Castro-Sitiriche Author-X-Name-First: Marcel Author-X-Name-Last: Castro-Sitiriche Author-Name: Mandoye Ndoye Author-X-Name-First: Mandoye Author-X-Name-Last: Ndoye Title: On the Links between Sustainable Wellbeing and Electric Energy Consumption Abstract: Access to electric energy is one of the drivers of wellbeing and universal access to energy has recently been identified as an important goal in the international community. A data-driven analysis of electric energy consumption and subjective wellbeing indicators is introduced to promote a broad conversation about relationships between energy poverty, global equity, subjective wellbeing measurements and good quality of life. The proposed approach directly focuses on the overall goal of attaining good and long lasting lives, the implications for future generations, the importance of ecosystems in enabling sustainable wellbeing and the needed capabilities in communities to flourish. Eventually, the proposed pathway should lead to a capabilities approach assessment for appropriate technologies. The results point out that although there is an important relationship between electric energy consumption and human wellbeing, a deeper look at electric energy access, subjective wellbeing indicators, local capabilities, and participatory decision making processes is needed to better prepare and implement long-term energy plans at local and global levels. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 327-335 Issue: 4 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.809279 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.809279 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:4:p:327-335 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_809277_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Jeremy Gibberd Author-X-Name-First: Jeremy Author-X-Name-Last: Gibberd Title: Sustainable African Built Environments Abstract: Carbon emission scenarios are used as key inputs to the sustainability and built environment strategies and policies of many developed countries. Decisions and direction in these are based on carbon emission models which show the optimum mix of interventions required to achieve carbon emission reductions or stabilization. Developing countries and countries in Africa are now under increasing pressure to adopt carbon emission criteria as the key focus of their built environment policies and strategies. This paper argues against this. It suggests that focusing on carbon emissions is likely to result in limited resources and timeframes being exhausted trying to achieve reductions and valuable opportunities to build long term sustainable solutions will be lost. It also argues that increasingly scarce resources, infrastructure backlogs, the lifespan of infrastructure and buildings (50+ years) and the limited timeframes for addressing climate change mean that African countries cannot address carbon emission reductions first, and then address sustainability later; they need to address both at once. This paper also argues that while reducing carbon emissions may benefit companies involved in renewable energy and energy efficient technologies, it does not lead to sustainability. Sustainability is complex and requires the achievement of minimum quality of life standards as well as a balance between environmental and human systems. Carbon emission reduction technologies, by themselves, will not achieve this. This paper draws on a definition of sustainability developed by the World Wildlife Fund to show how a sustainable development approach can address carbon emissions while building more sustainable systems. It describes the Built Environment Sustainability Tool (BEST) developed by the author in 2011 and shows how this can be used to assess built environments and identify appropriate mixes of interventions to improve the sustainability performance of built environments. It also outlines interventions that can be used to support the development of more sustainable African built environments. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 313-318 Issue: 4 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.809277 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.809277 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:4:p:313-318 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_809258_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: John Trimble Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Trimble Title: Introduction by the Guest Editor Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 287-288 Issue: 4 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.809258 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.809258 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:4:p:287-288 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_809278_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Hattie Carwell Author-X-Name-First: Hattie Author-X-Name-Last: Carwell Title: Solar Energy Industry Future Uncertainty – An Opportunity for New Markets and Refocusing Abstract: The 2012 solar panel pricing war between manufacturers in China, Europe and the USA, accompanied by the sales market slowdown due to government subsidy cuts, has produced uncertainty in the future of the growth of the solar industry. A solar panel glut has resulted. Companies are pressured to push sales to protect their bottom line. Sales goals are not necessarily aligned or tied with those of governments. This may become an opportunity to expand the solar power industry to emerging industrial powers that have been marginally involved. Emerging industrial powers such as Brazil, Australia, Argentina, South Korea, India, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Mexico, South Africa and some other African countries are the likely expansion targets. All have plenty of solar radiation, a growing electrical demand and government leaders highly motivated to support solar energy. This paper will discuss the impact of the future expansion of the solar industry led by big business profitmaking interests rather than national needs. Big businesses are focused on centralized solar facilities for large urban areas. This paper shows that they have little interest in projects directed towards small cities or remote rural villages off the grid. In this paper the focus is on solar usage in Africa because on average less than 11% of the population in Africa has access to electrical energy and 25% of the population lives in remote rural areas in sparse populations. African countries are more vulnerable than other developing countries to outside influences because they depend more heavily on foreign finances and technical expertise. Reviews of UN and African Development Bank reports, solar business newsletters and select African energy plans/activities show that often large foreign companies promote and finance energy projects that are not necessarily aligned with national goals and needs. Energy is delivered, but the technology is not transferred. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 319-326 Issue: 4 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.809278 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.809278 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:4:p:319-326 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_809276_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Paul Maina Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Maina Author-Name: Zhongjie Huan Author-X-Name-First: Zhongjie Author-X-Name-Last: Huan Title: Effects of Refrigerant Charge in the Output of a CO Heat Pump Abstract: Many of the refrigerants currently being used in heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration systems have high global warming potential. One potential, environmentally friendly replacement refrigerant is carbon dioxide (CO2). In this study, a CO2 trans-critical water to water test bed was used to study the performance of a typical heat pump by varying the amount of refrigerant charge. Initial experimental results and thermo-physical properties were analysed by NIST REFROP and plotted in a temperature-entropy (T-S). The heat energy output in the gas cooler was compared to the mechanical work input in the compressor to obtain the efficiency of the system in terms of coefficient of performance (COP). It was observed that the refrigerant charge has a great effect on the heat output and efficiency of the system. Furthermore, the maximum amount of charge the system can take is not necessarily the optimum amount of charge. This was related to the effect of the charge amount on the equipment involved and flow process variables like pressure loss and friction which affect the heat transfer process. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 303-311 Issue: 4 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.809276 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.809276 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:4:p:303-311 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_809259_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ogundiran Soumonni Author-X-Name-First: Ogundiran Author-X-Name-Last: Soumonni Title: Towards a Technology Policy for Renewable Energy Development in Africa: A Systems of Innovation Perspective Abstract: The objective of this paper is to use the systems of innovation (SI) perspective to describe how African countries might increase their rates of access to electricity, and by extension their capacity for broad-based industrialization, through renewable energy. The paper first explains the concept of ‘learning’ which is central to the SI perspective, and is a major driver of innovation and production. Secondly, it provides some examples of attempts to develop renewable energy industries around the continent, and thirdly, it explains how the research outputs of African scientists can be transformed into inventions, and more crucially, how some of those inventions might be converted into innovations. The main policy recommendation is that there should be a division of ‘innovative labour’ in Africa, which combined with community-based strategies, could serve to more effectively connect the innovation of both the producers and the users in a manner that is consistent with the tenets of appropriate technology. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 289-295 Issue: 4 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.809259 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.809259 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:4:p:289-295 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_809283_O.xml processed with: repec_from_tfja.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: John Trimble Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Trimble Title: The Historical Development of the International Network on Appropriate Technology (INAT) Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 339-341 Issue: 4 Volume: 5 Year: 2013 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2013.809283 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2013.809283 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:5:y:2013:i:4:p:339-341 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1599575_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Joseph Ato Forson Author-X-Name-First: Joseph Ato Author-X-Name-Last: Forson Title: Innovation financing and public policy dilemmas in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Abstract: As part of efforts to change the structure of economies in sub-Saharan Africa from agrarian dominated to a more diversified one that will add value to exports and create more job opportunities, countries in the region have intensified strategies through its regional bloc – the African Union (AU) with its eight sub-regional bodies. Such a feat is only plausible through a concerted approach targeted at achieving sustainable economic growth laden with higher output turnover. This paper therefore takes a critical look at sub-regional governments’ intent in the implementation of science, technology and innovation (STI) across countries in the ECOWAS by focusing on three policy instruments (institutional framework, financing and diffusion and interaction) and how these instruments have led to building technological capability economies. Empirical evidence gathered from secondary sources indicates among other things that sub-regional governments have invested in the establishment of public institutions to support STI. That notwithstanding existing technology-capability indicators illustrates the results are far from expectation. The paper further discusses the dilemmas sub-regional governments have had to deal with in the design and implementation of STI plans. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1-11 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1599575 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1599575 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:1:p:1-11 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1608694_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Deepika Chawla Author-X-Name-First: Deepika Author-X-Name-Last: Chawla Title: Economic growth and R&D expenditures in selected OECD countries: Is there any convergence? Abstract: The economic growth of nations is strongly associated with rising R&D expenditures. The present study therefore endeavours to examine the stylized patterns of evolution of R&D expenditures (R&D expenditures as a share of GDP) along the development course in 18 OECD countries for the period 1981–2012. Empirical findings of feasible generalized least square model highlight that as economic growth proceeds, R&D as a share of GDP also shows a rise in OECD nations. The study also analyzes the long-term growth trends and structure of research and development (R&D) expenditures in OECD nations for the period 1981–2012. Further, the study analyzes another important issue, namely whether OECD economies are converging/diverging in their R&D activities over the course of time. To this end, σ-convergence has been applied to examine this issue. Findings of σ-convergence highlight declining coefficient of variation (convergence) in R&D intensities as well as R&D expenditure in OECD countries for 1981–2012. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 13-25 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1608694 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1608694 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:1:p:13-25 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1613784_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Tabita Ladzeh Akpey-Mensah Author-X-Name-First: Tabita Ladzeh Author-X-Name-Last: Akpey-Mensah Title: Social capital development as innovation in human resource development: A case of Technical Universities in Ghana Abstract: Social capital expresses the social relationship between people in an organization. A good relationship between employers and employees can enhance commitment and productivity. It also makes a positive contribution to organizational performance. Universities and other higher education institutions are the main entities that create, innovate and develop social capital in a country. The development of social capital effectively allows higher education institutions to advance the economic, social and political development of a country. Institutions of higher learning in Ghana should innovate and develop human resources via social capital for the sake of the country’s socioeconomic advancement. Innovation in organizations is more likely to happen if social relations are taken into due account. This study focuses on two Technical Universities in Ghana. The assumption is that innovation in social capital can develop the human resources of academic staff, allowing them to be further committed to work, and keener to be retained. The study that emanated from the researcher’s D.Tech. research project employed qualitative research approach in the form of interviews in data collection. It was found that creating innovation in human capital development through the use of social capital can ensure staff commitment and retention; aspects Technical Universities in Ghana cannot take for granted. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 27-32 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1613784 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1613784 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:1:p:27-32 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1610250_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: David Richard Walwyn Author-X-Name-First: David Richard Author-X-Name-Last: Walwyn Author-Name: Shahendra Naidoo Author-X-Name-First: Shahendra Author-X-Name-Last: Naidoo Title: Policy mixes and overcoming challenges to innovation in developing countries: Insights from a mixed methods study of South Africa’s manufacturing sector Abstract: Although innovation policy mix as an analytical framework has been widely used and reported for developed countries, its application to developing countries has been minimal. In this study, an exploratory sequential approach has been followed in order to initially profile the policy mix in South Africa and then develop an understanding of how the policy mix could be rebalanced, and hence be more effective, in addressing the requirements within its manufacturing sector. The characterization followed the typology as used by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development in order to allow a cross-case comparison with two other countries (India and Canada). This analysis has concluded that South Africa’s policy mix is dominated by supply-side measures which support early stage research with more limited assistance for market development. Rebalancing the innovation policy mix towards the use of more demand-side instruments, combined with generic rather than population targeted policies, could address these deficiencies and improve the prospects for the sector. It is further proposed that the methodology be routinely applied in developing countries, particularly as a means of ensuring policy cohesion and synergy. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 33-46 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1610250 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1610250 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:1:p:33-46 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1609782_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Thokozani Isaac Mtshali Author-X-Name-First: Thokozani Isaac Author-X-Name-Last: Mtshali Author-Name: Sylvia Manto Ramaligela Author-X-Name-First: Sylvia Manto Author-X-Name-Last: Ramaligela Author-Name: Moses Makgato Author-X-Name-First: Moses Author-X-Name-Last: Makgato Title: Usage of digital resources in Civil Technology: A case of teaching Tools and Equipment Abstract: The digital world is increasingly penetrating the education space, with digital technology gradually being used as a vehicle to deliver educational knowledge and skills in new and innovative ways. The need for technical teacher’s development in using digital resources as means to bridge the knowledge gap in teaching the topic Tools and Equipment is to be emphasized in these modern times. Most importantly, in Civil Technology issues of overcrowding, rare exposure to practical activities as well as lack of practical skilled-competent teachers are still pressing challenges. The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which digital resources are used in Civil Technology when teaching about Tools and Equipment. Non-probability sampling was used to select a total of 9 teachers and 145 learners to participate in this study. This study employed Roger’s ‘Diffusion of innovativeness’. Observation, semi-structured interviews and questionnaire instruments were used as data-collection methods. The study found that Civil Technology teachers prefer to use prescribed textbooks and previous exam question papers to teach the concepts in the topic Tools and Equipment whilst there are video clips and posters that can help to expand learners’ practical skill knowledge. Teachers did not see those digital technology resources as helpful in comparison to their own knowledge base when it comes to exposing learners to the wider context of Tools and Equipment. This study recommends that in order to bridge practical skill knowledge gap, teachers should integrate digital technology into their lessons as they are helpful in outlining concepts that might have been omitted by teachers during lessons. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 47-55 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1609782 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1609782 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:1:p:47-55 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1596396_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Emmanuel Kodjo Tetteh Author-X-Name-First: Emmanuel Kodjo Author-X-Name-Last: Tetteh Author-Name: Gordon Akon-Yamga Author-X-Name-First: Gordon Author-X-Name-Last: Akon-Yamga Author-Name: Emmanuel Jumpah Author-X-Name-First: Emmanuel Author-X-Name-Last: Jumpah Author-Name: Rose Omari Author-X-Name-First: Rose Author-X-Name-Last: Omari Title: Scientific human resource for national development in Ghana: Issues and challenges Abstract: Studies have established that science and technology applications have culminated in the discovery of new products, new processes, improved and faster services, better ways of solving human and environmental challenges as well as opportunities for new jobs. Therefore, understanding and use of scientific knowledge is critical in responding to national development needs and challenges. The paper provides evidence of Ghana's scientific and technological responsiveness to leveraging scientific human potentials in order to confront societal and development challenges. A cross sectional survey was conducted in 33 public and private tertiary institutions in Ghana. Census was used to select public institutions while private institutions were purposively selected to assess science student enrolment, science academic staff, science infrastructure including laboratories, as well as funding sources for research activities. The results observed inadequate scientific infrastructure in tertiary institutions. Master’s degree holders constitute the majority of the science academic staff. Total PhD enrolment in public tertiary institutions increased by 86.7%, while PhD enrolment in science programmes decreased by 22.3% from 2013 to 2015. The paper recommends a holistic approach to tertiary level scientific education to enhance national development in Ghana. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 57-68 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1596396 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1596396 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:1:p:57-68 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1610252_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Shijun Chen Author-X-Name-First: Shijun Author-X-Name-Last: Chen Author-Name: Dawood A. Desai Author-X-Name-First: Dawood A. Author-X-Name-Last: Desai Author-Name: Stephan Philippus Heyns Author-X-Name-First: Stephan Philippus Author-X-Name-Last: Heyns Author-Name: Francesco Pietra Author-X-Name-First: Francesco Author-X-Name-Last: Pietra Title: A bibliometric analysis of the research on shot peening Abstract: A bibliometric analysis of shot peening was carried out to provide insights into academic activities and trends of the research on surface treatment processes from 1997 to 2017 based on the publications collected from the database Science Citation Index. The analysis identified those countries, institutions, foundations, and journals which performed well in the research field of shot peening, and illustrated the collaborative relationships between countries and between institutions, respectively. The results suggest that the two subject categories, i.e. material science multidisciplinary and engineering mechanical, had the largest publication outputs, and that finite element modelling, ultrasonic shot peening, and parameters optimization were the current hotspots. They also indicate that the current and future research should be focused on four aspects: (1) finite element analysis with new methods such as discrete element method for modelling; (2) ultrasonic shot peening as a counterpart in modifying properties of metallic surface; (3) parametric optimization with advanced algorithms; (4) plasma nitriding as a complementary process applying after shot peening treatment. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 69-77 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1610252 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1610252 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:1:p:69-77 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1589082_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Oluwole Solomon Oladeji Author-X-Name-First: Oluwole Solomon Author-X-Name-Last: Oladeji Author-Name: Kehinde Abraham Odelade Author-X-Name-First: Kehinde Abraham Author-X-Name-Last: Odelade Author-Name: Julius Kola Oloke Author-X-Name-First: Julius Kola Author-X-Name-Last: Oloke Title: Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial investigation of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts Abstract: Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial analysis of Moringa oleifera leaf collected from Ogbomoso, Nigeria were carried out. The secondary metabolites in M. oleifera leaf were extracted by maceration using chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol. Some important bioactive compounds or metabolites in the leaf extracts, such as steroids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpernoids and phlobatannins were analyzed. The ethanolic leaf extract was observed to show the highest antimicrobial activity when compared to chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts. It also compared favourably to nystatin, streptomycin and gentamicin (standard antibiotics). The study affirmed the therapeutic potency of the plant, which could be due its high antimicrobial effects on some pathogens like Klebsiella sp, P. aeruginosa, Trichoderma sp, Aspergillus flavus, Bacillus cereus, S. pneumoniae, Candida. sp, and E. coli. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 79-84 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1589082 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1589082 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:1:p:79-84 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1609783_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Josephine Joseph Mkunda Author-X-Name-First: Josephine Joseph Author-X-Name-Last: Mkunda Author-Name: Jesper Lassen Author-X-Name-First: Jesper Author-X-Name-Last: Lassen Author-Name: Bukaza Chachage Author-X-Name-First: Bukaza Author-X-Name-Last: Chachage Author-Name: Lughano J.M. Kusiluka Author-X-Name-First: Lughano J.M. Author-X-Name-Last: Kusiluka Author-Name: Liliane Pasape Author-X-Name-First: Liliane Author-X-Name-Last: Pasape Title: Analysis of marketing efficiency of processed sardine products of Lake Victoria: Case of Tanzania Abstract: The paper tested the marketing efficiency of Lake Victoria processed sardines using structure-performance and efficient-structure hypotheses and the influence of socioeconomic characteristics on marketing efficiency. Primary data was collected using structured questionnaires from randomly selected 249 respondents. The conceptual framework showed the influence of market structure, performance and socioeconomic characteristics on marketing efficiency. Multiple regression and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the information. The Gini coefficients for traders and processors were 0.59 and 0.64; the Lorenz curves showed 80% of monthly income was accounted for by 50% of marketers indicating that the market was concentrated with high level of income and market shares inequalities. Empirical findings revealed that access to market information and formal business loans, selling price, net returns, and quantity traded significantly increase marketing efficiency. Marketing costs and margins significantly reduce marketing efficiency. Higher income and market share inequalities, poor access to business loans, markets and market information imply the market was imperfectly competitive and inefficient with greater likelihood of domination as economic and game theories suggests. The findings call for collective marketing in order to reduce marketing cost, increase the quantity traded and fishers’ bargaining power in order to increase their net returns. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 85-96 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1609783 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1609783 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:1:p:85-96 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1613785_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Happyson Bimha Author-X-Name-First: Happyson Author-X-Name-Last: Bimha Author-Name: Muhammad Hoque Author-X-Name-First: Muhammad Author-X-Name-Last: Hoque Author-Name: Elias Munapo Author-X-Name-First: Elias Author-X-Name-Last: Munapo Title: The impact of supply chain management practices on industry competitiveness: A mixed-methods study on the Zimbabwean petroleum industry Abstract: Effective supply chain management practices can enhance competitiveness along the supply chain. Fuel supply chain competitiveness requires a reliable flow of product and customer satisfaction. Competitiveness eluded the Zimbabwean petroleum industry over time and so this research looked at the impact of supply chain management practices on industry competitiveness. Owing to the complex nature of the petroleum industry’s supply chain, the concurrent parallel mixed methods research design was adopted for its robustness and suitability for researching complex situations. In the qualitative research, in-depth interviews were held with six experienced and knowledgeable executives who were strategically positioned in the petroleum industry. In the quantitative research, data were collected through objective questionnaires from 57 managers who were in charge of supply chain practices in the participating petroleum companies. The research results revealed that the unfriendly business environment that was driven by the shortage of foreign currency, a restrictive tax regime, a weak regulatory system and the lack of stable government policy on fuel industry operations resulted in financial, procurement, inventory, logistics and communication challenges and the weakening of all the supply chain practices. Therefore, the resultant high cost of products, expensive and bureaucratic logistics, lack of investment in fuel distribution technology and poor customer service negatively impacted the petroleum industry’s competitiveness. The study recommends the strengthening of the petroleum industry’s supply chain management strategies, international benchmarking of industry processes, adopting international best practices and carrying out further research in the industry’s supply chain areas like procurement and pricing models for landlocked states. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 97-109 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1613785 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1613785 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:1:p:97-109 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1611209_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Afolabi Adejumo Author-X-Name-First: Afolabi Author-X-Name-Last: Adejumo Title: Effects and transmission channels of remittances on tradable sectors in Nigeria Abstract: The inflows of remittances affect the exchange rate of Nigeria. Since the price of tradable goods is determined by the exchange rate, the channel through which remittances influence the tradable sector of an economy is the exchange rate. Thus, this study examined the transmission channel of the effect of remittances on the tradable sector in Nigeria using annual time series data from 1981 to 2016. The ECM was employed, and the findings show that remittances have a positive effect on the tradable sector despite a negative relationship between the exchange rate and the tradable sector. This, therefore, suggests that the Dutch disease phenomenon does not hold in Nigeria with regard to the exchange rate and the competitiveness of the tradable sector. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 111-121 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1611209 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1611209 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:1:p:111-121 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1610251_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: George Harrison Coffie Author-X-Name-First: George Harrison Author-X-Name-Last: Coffie Author-Name: Clinton Ohis Aigbavboa Author-X-Name-First: Clinton Ohis Author-X-Name-Last: Aigbavboa Title: Comparative assessment of construction cost overruns: A case study of regional distribution in Ghana Abstract: This study examines the magnitude of variance between the initial contract award cost and actual completion cost of building construction projects (educational related) from Ghana that were completed between 2011 and 2016. The findings brought differences in the actual completion cost and initial contract award cost with a mean of 23.7% cost overrun for the projects ranging from 0.2% to 95.9%. In real monetary value, the cost overrun for the projects was GH¢47,651,489.00. Out of the 911 data of completed projects analyzed, the duration of construction averages 9 months with an average cost of GH¢164,569.20 per project. The vast majority of projects (95.9% representing a total of 874 projects experienced overruns, while two (2) projects were completed below the initial contract award cost. Projects, which were executed in the Central Region and the Upper East Region were most susceptible to cost overruns and had the largest number of projects (100%) affected by cost overruns. Upper West Region experienced the least number of projects (87.5%) affected by cost overruns. Volta Region had the largest number of projects (14) completed within the initial budget, the Central Region and the Upper East Region had no projects completed within the initial budget. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 123-126 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1610251 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1610251 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:1:p:123-126 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1623633_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Correction Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 127-127 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2019.1623633 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2019.1623633 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:12:y:2020:i:1:p:127-127 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1772951_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: William Clifford Gomera Author-X-Name-First: William Clifford Author-X-Name-Last: Gomera Author-Name: Jarkko Suhonen Author-X-Name-First: Jarkko Author-X-Name-Last: Suhonen Author-Name: Markku Tukiainen Author-X-Name-First: Markku Author-X-Name-Last: Tukiainen Author-Name: George S. Oreku Author-X-Name-First: George S. Author-X-Name-Last: Oreku Author-Name: Matti Tedre Author-X-Name-First: Matti Author-X-Name-Last: Tedre Author-Name: Solomon Sunday Oyelere Author-X-Name-First: Solomon Sunday Author-X-Name-Last: Oyelere Title: Usability evaluation of frugal innovation: A case of mobile training for micro businesses in Tanzania Abstract: This study evaluated a mobile training pilot prototype designed for micro business owners in Tanzania. The paper focused on the extent to which features of the pilot prototype developed under frugal innovation confirmed the defined user requirements of the mobile training and met usability perception of the potential end users in solving the practical problem. The practical problems addressed are time, low education level and geographical challenges facing the training service. The evaluation assessed whether the features of the mobile training pilot prototype met the previously identified user requirements and investigated users’ perceptions of the pilot prototype’s attractiveness and perspicuity and their enthusiasm for it. In this mixed-methods study, data were drawn from a questionnaire and focus group discussions. The study found positive views on the features of the pilot prototype based on the defined user requirements, as well as the usability elements of attractiveness, perspicuity, and enthusiasm. The participants thought that the pilot prototype’s navigation and interaction features needed further modifications to make use of the mobile training application easier. This study contributed that, the artefact developed through frugality innovation within DSR framework confirmed earlier identified user requirements and met usability criteria of attractiveness, perspicuity, and enthusiasm. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 133-146 Issue: 2 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1772951 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1772951 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:2:p:133-146 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1831132_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Jonas Osei-Adu Author-X-Name-First: Jonas Author-X-Name-Last: Osei-Adu Author-Name: Robert Aidoo Author-X-Name-First: Robert Author-X-Name-Last: Aidoo Author-Name: Simon Cudjoe Fialor Author-X-Name-First: Simon Cudjoe Author-X-Name-Last: Fialor Author-Name: Stella Ama Ennin Author-X-Name-First: Stella Ama Author-X-Name-Last: Ennin Author-Name: Kingsley Osei Author-X-Name-First: Kingsley Author-X-Name-Last: Osei Author-Name: Bright Owusu Asante Author-X-Name-First: Bright Owusu Author-X-Name-Last: Asante Title: The role of improved technology to enhance Total Factor Productivity (TFP): The case of quality seed yam production in Ghana and Nigeria Abstract: To promote the dissemination of Positive Selection (PS) technology for quality seed yam production, this study was undertaken to provide empirical evidence and to examine differences in the Total Factor Productivity resulting from the use of PS technology. Through multistage sampling, 368 CAY-Seed beneficiaries from Ghana and Nigeria were sampled. Results indicate that productivity of PS technology was 0.758 as compared to 0.700 for non-use of PS. Furthermore, the use of PS also led to a reduction in technology gap by 2.3%. The most important factors of seed yam productivity were: land, seed, labour, chemical and neem leaf powder application with sex, experience, education, cropping system and extension as the inefficiency determinants. It is therefore recommended that the PS technology should be widely disseminated with policies to reduce inefficiency. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 147-156 Issue: 2 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1831132 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1831132 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:2:p:147-156 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1815943_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Nicholaus Musimu Kuboja Author-X-Name-First: Nicholaus Musimu Author-X-Name-Last: Kuboja Author-Name: A.C. Isinika Author-X-Name-First: A.C. Author-X-Name-Last: Isinika Author-Name: F.T.M. Kilima Author-X-Name-First: F.T.M. Author-X-Name-Last: Kilima Title: Adoption and impacts of improved beehive technologies in the miombo woodland of Tanzania Abstract: This paper analyzes the adoption and impacts of improved beehives on households’ income using cross-sectional data sourced from a sample of 198 beekeepers in western Tanzania who adopted improved beehives. Propensity score matching and the endogenous switching regression model are used to assess the adoption and impacts. Results show that the adoption of improved beehives resulted in significant increase in beekeepers’ income. An analysis of the determinants of adoption revealed age of the household head, years of formal schooling, access to credit, access to extension services, training and experience in beekeeping as key factors influencing the adoption. There is a need to promote the use of improved beehives so as to enhance productivity and boost income among small-scale beekeepers. Efforts to improve access to and use of improved beehives technologies should be part and parcel of income poverty reduction strategies in the study areas where beekeeping is a key livelihood activity but adoption is low. Policies that enhance the diffusion and adoption of improved beehives should be central to income poverty reduction strategies in Tanzania. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 157-166 Issue: 2 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1815943 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1815943 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:2:p:157-166 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1773604_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Moses Kumi Asamoah Author-X-Name-First: Moses Kumi Author-X-Name-Last: Asamoah Title: Sturdiness and scuffle in deploying educational technologies for teaching and learning in a low-technology context: Students’ experience in a developing society Abstract: This paper explores the experience of a sample of thirty post-graduate students of University of Ghana, Legon regarding the use of Sakai Learning Management System (LMS) in enhancing students’ interactions with instructors, peers, course contents and in enabling flexible and career-based learning. It also explores the resistance involved. It is an explorative case study design within the qualitative paradigm. The research question was: What is the post-graduate students’ experience with the use of technology-mediated teaching and learning in the University of Ghana? An in-depth interview was employed for data collection. The results indicate that the students emphasized the benefits of educational technologies and the challenges involved but did not demonstrate how the use of educational technologies informed their learning outcomes. In addition, although the Chartroom and the Forum tools allowed collaborative and interactive learning, a number of students wanted a blend of online with the face-to-face teaching encounter. It was therefore concluded that, technology-driven education provides a conducive environment for the students to construct and build on their knowledge through individual research and social interaction. In addition, embedding Sakai LMS with Bloc and Wiki allowed the students to tap into the social media platform to complement their learning although they faced some technological and technical challenges. It is recommended that, pedagogical design be accorded great significance in determining students’ learning outcomes and not the mere notion and belief that educational technologies are available and therefore are relevant to teaching and learning. Besides, the University authorities have to provide the requisite ICT infrastructure, reliable power supply, ICT training, to mention just a few so that lecturers and students will be equipped and motivated to participate in enhancing an innovative ICT-driven educational programme in Africa and Ghana in particular. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 167-184 Issue: 2 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1773604 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1773604 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:2:p:167-184 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1789285_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Abadi Teferi Alemaw Author-X-Name-First: Abadi Author-X-Name-Last: Teferi Alemaw Author-Name: Alem Mezgebo Hailu Author-X-Name-First: Alem Author-X-Name-Last: Mezgebo Hailu Author-Name: Shishay Teklay Kahsay Author-X-Name-First: Shishay Teklay Author-X-Name-Last: Kahsay Title: Adoption of maize varieties on smallholder farmers’ market participation in Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia Abstract: Agricultural technologies have been introduced to Ethiopia. Farmers adopt such technologies for bettering their livelihoods by increasing farm production. However, increasing production by itself may not necessarily enhance farmers’ livelihoods. Among other factors that can result in enhanced livelihoods, farmers should be linked to output markets to sell their surplus production. This paper evaluates whether the adoption of improved maize varieties increases farmers’ output market participation. From data collected by CIMMYT from three woredas of Oromia Region in Ethiopia, 300 sample households were randomly selected for the purpose of this study. Average Treatment Effect (ATE) regression based on propensity score matching (PSM) as well as matching algorithms were utilized to evaluate whether adoption creates market participation for farmers. Results of the PSM show that maize technologies had a robust and positive impact on farmers’ output market participation. The matching algorithms also confirm a robust and positive increase in marketed maize output for adopting farmers which ranges from around 442 kg in the case of kernel-based matching at bandwidth of 0.05 to 483 kg in the case of radius matching at a radius of 0.03 at p < 0.01. The results make it plausible to draw implications that adoption increases marketed output and market participation and thereby can uplift smallholder farmers’ livelihoods. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 185-192 Issue: 2 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1789285 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1789285 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:2:p:185-192 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1838082_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Kokouvi Edem N’Tsoukpoe Author-X-Name-First: Kokouvi Edem Author-X-Name-Last: N’Tsoukpoe Author-Name: Nolwenn Le Pierrès Author-X-Name-First: Nolwenn Author-X-Name-Last: Le Pierrès Author-Name: Yao Manu Seshie Author-X-Name-First: Yao Manu Author-X-Name-Last: Seshie Author-Name: Yézouma Coulibaly Author-X-Name-First: Yézouma Author-X-Name-Last: Coulibaly Title: Technico-economic comparison of heat transfer fluids or thermal energy storage materials: A case study using Jatropha curcas oil Abstract: Thermal oils are omnipresent in processes using heat at high temperature as heat transfer fluids (HTFs) as well as thermal storage materials (TESMs), particularly in concentrating solar plants. In this study, a methodology for technico-economic comparison of HTF and TESM is proposed. Jatropha curcas crude oil (JaCCO), a non-edible vegetable oil, which has recently been proposed as an alternative to well-established heat transfer fluids (HTFs), is compared to some of these HTFs from an economic point of view. Two case studies were considered for the assessment, using the features of a pilot μ-CSP plant: (i) the oils are used only as a HTF or (ii) they are used as a HTF and a TESM. The degradation rate of the oils was considered as a parameter. The results show that from a technical point of view, the oils exhibit similar performance. The economic analysis was mainly impacted by the cost of oil per kWh of stored energy. For the plant using the oils as HTFs only, JaCCO would always be economically more attractive than the other oils if its replacement frequency is less than 8–25 times that of the other oils in the economic conditions assumed in this study. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 193-211 Issue: 2 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1838082 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1838082 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:2:p:193-211 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1766396_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Charles Tortoe Author-X-Name-First: Charles Author-X-Name-Last: Tortoe Author-Name: Wilhelmina Quaye Author-X-Name-First: Wilhelmina Author-X-Name-Last: Quaye Author-Name: Paa Toah Akonor Author-X-Name-First: Paa Toah Author-X-Name-Last: Akonor Author-Name: Charlotte Oduro Yeboah Author-X-Name-First: Charlotte Oduro Author-X-Name-Last: Yeboah Author-Name: Evelyn Serwah Buckman Author-X-Name-First: Evelyn Serwah Author-X-Name-Last: Buckman Author-Name: Nana Yamoah Asafu-Adjaye Author-X-Name-First: Nana Yamoah Author-X-Name-Last: Asafu-Adjaye Title: Biomass-based value chain analysis of plantain in two regions in Ghana Abstract: Plantain biomass value chain analysis was conducted to generate benchmark information that supports reduction of post-harvest losses of plantain and to identify value-added opportunities and linkages to new markets in Ghana. Specifically, this study sought to identify the actors and their roles along the plantain value chain, understand the plantain value chain activities and identify biomass value addition opportunities that will help reduce post-harvest losses of plantain. Using the value chain analysis approach a total of 309 plantain value chain actors including producers, processors, traders, caterers and consumers in the Brong Ahafo and Western regions of Ghana were interviewed. Post-harvest losses of 20% at the production, 15% at the market levels and less than 5% at the consumption level were revealed. Plantains were traded mostly in the unprocessed form and 83% farmer respondents sold plantain unprocessed. The cross-cutting constraints among the actors were inadequate credit accessibility, high transportation cost, limited processing capacities, seasonality of plantains and fluctuation in prices, marketing challenges and post-harvest losses among others. The study provides useful baseline information for new products development from the biomass along the plantain value chain. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 213-222 Issue: 2 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1766396 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1766396 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:2:p:213-222 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1830542_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Peres Ofori Author-X-Name-First: Peres Author-X-Name-Last: Ofori Title: Waste Disposal Sites and Residential Rental Values Nexus: An Appraisal of Agogo Asante Akyem Dumps Abstract: The study, using regression and ANOVA, assessed the extent to which waste disposal sites impact residential rental values. The research collected data from both secondary and primary sources using a mixed method cross sectional survey. The linear hedonic price model was adopted to suit the research objectives. A questionnaire survey, expert interviews and a field investigation were used to gather raw data. The study revealed that all the residential properties that were far away from the waste disposal sites had higher rental values between (GH¢1200–1680) than those that were close (GH¢600–720). Construction of an engineered landfill by the district assembly for the town was recommended. Also, real estate developers in the town should be more circumspect about the siting of their residential properties since most of the people were not willing to pay higher rent if buildings are close to a filthy area like a dump site, irrespective of the architectural designs. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 223-233 Issue: 2 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1830542 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1830542 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:2:p:223-233 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1712014_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Abenezer Wakuma Kitila Author-X-Name-First: Abenezer Wakuma Author-X-Name-Last: Kitila Author-Name: Solomon Mulugeta Woldemikael Author-X-Name-First: Solomon Mulugeta Author-X-Name-Last: Woldemikael Title: Electronic waste management in Addis Ababa: The case of Bole and Nefas Silk Lafto sub-cities Abstract: E-waste is a world-wide, interregional, and domestic problem. E-waste management is a challenging task not only due to its speedily increasing volume but more importantly because of its hazardous nature. This study examined the e-waste management and disposal methods in Addis Ababa the case of Bole and NSL sub-cities. The theoretical basis of this study is Extended Producer Responsibility and the Value-Belief Norm Theory. Through a systematic random sampling, the study selected 100 household heads from Bole and NSL sub-cities. The study ran multiple regression and poison regression models. The increase in the monthly income of the sample households, the less likely relied up on the purchase of second-hand electronic equipment. The breakage of electronic appliances, increasing of obsolescence rate, and the demand for extra and new design were the major causes for the e-waste generation. The consumers with the higher income tend to generate obsolete electronic equipment earlier than the lifetime of the equipment than the respondents with middle and lower income. Commonly storing is the widely practiced disposal method. Little or no other disposal methods such as reusing, donating, refurbishing, and recycling. Findings showed that absence of appropriate disposal methods and recyclers are considered as factors for the lengthy storage and improper disposal. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 235-246 Issue: 2 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1712014 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1712014 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:2:p:235-246 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1776061_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Macmanus Chinenye Ndukwu Author-X-Name-First: Macmanus Chinenye Author-X-Name-Last: Ndukwu Author-Name: Merlin Simo-Tagne Author-X-Name-First: Merlin Author-X-Name-Last: Simo-Tagne Author-Name: Lyes Bennamoun Author-X-Name-First: Lyes Author-X-Name-Last: Bennamoun Title: Solar drying research of medicinal and aromatic plants: An African experience with assessment of the economic and environmental impact. Abstract: Performances of solar dryers for the drying of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAP) in Africa were reviewed. Policy formulation indicators, including the economic and the environmental impact analysis that was lacking in almost all research, were presented in this study. Three countries, Nigeria, Egypt and Algeria, were used as case studies. Key indicators analyzed were the amount of money saved and CO2 reduction based on 10% to 100% rate of utilization and cost of a kWh of energy in each country. Results showed that as the rate of usage increased from 10% to 100% for drying Lemongrass in Egypt, the amount of money saved increased from $102.5 – $1025/year. While, in the same country at the same drying condition and mass, it increased from $123.5 – $1235.44/year for drying Oregano. Drying of Chilli in the coastal area of Nigeria saved more money than drying of Basil in Egypt under the same rate of usage. About 40702.38–407023.8 kg of CO2 per year can be reduced in the drying of Grape in Egypt, while 2308.5–23085 kg of CO2 can be reduced for drying of Chilli in Nigeria. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 247-260 Issue: 2 Volume: 13 Year: 2021 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1776061 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2020.1776061 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:13:y:2021:i:2:p:247-260 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1986892_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Pulane Letuka Author-X-Name-First: Pulane Author-X-Name-Last: Letuka Author-Name: Marcia Lebambo Author-X-Name-First: Marcia Author-X-Name-Last: Lebambo Title: A typology of challenges facing township micro-tour operators in Soweto, South Africa Abstract: Post-apartheid South Africa created opportunities for black and marginalized entrepreneurs to venture into township tourism and to contribute towards the growth of the mainstream economy. However, a number of challenges threaten the long-term survival, profitability and growth of businesses, due to some distinct characteristics of the business environment. This study explored the typologies of challenges faced by micro-tour operators in the South West Townships, officially referred to as Soweto, South Africa. The qualitative study design used in-depth interviews to collect data from ten (10) micro-tour operators. Data analysis utilised content and thematic analysis to identify the typologies of the business characteristics and challenges. The original contribution of the research is the discovery of a distinct typology of challenges affecting micro township-based tour operators categorized by three levels of challenges: macro, meso, and micro. These challenges range from the transformation of the tourism industry, discord in entrepreneurship policy intentions and intervention approaches, historic infrastructural challenges, perception of townships’ general economy, and background based on the negative political impact of the apartheid system. The study concludes that the state of micro-tourism enterprises in townships is still underdeveloped as a result of the challenges confronted by these enterprises that hinder their growth and sustainability. The study recommends an inclusive policy framework, consisting of plans for township tourism development in Soweto and South Africa in general. Furthermore, township micro-tour operators in Soweto should formulate a formal sustainable business strategy that outlines the business objectives and its purpose. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1829-1838 Issue: 7 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1986892 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1986892 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:7:p:1829-1838 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1988409_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mahmoud Elsayed Hassanin Author-X-Name-First: Mahmoud Elsayed Author-X-Name-Last: Hassanin Author-Name: Mohamed Ahmed Hamada Author-X-Name-First: Mohamed Ahmed Author-X-Name-Last: Hamada Title: A Big Data strategy to reinforce self-sustainability for pharmaceutical companies in the digital transformation era: A case study of Egyptian pharmaceutical companies Abstract: The Big Data-driven economy has emerged, and data is known as the new petroleum of the current century. Big Data (BD) analytics can play an essential role in building a self-sustainable competitive advantage for the pharmaceutical industry by feeding pharmaceutical drug corporations with different directions, patterns, and behaviours of the health’s ecosystem. Unfortunately, many Egyptian local pharmaceutical companies use obsolete strategies to create a standalone competitive advantage. Most of these firms face numerous challenges in adopting a smart strategy based on BD analytics. This research provides an overview of the barriers that hinder the full utilization of BD analytics in local Egyptian pharmaceutical firms. These obstacles are categorized into four groups: culture, strategies, technology and processes. A descriptive analysis methodology was applied to create an in-depth understanding of BD challenges. The qualitative study consists of two approaches: case-analysis study and semi-structured interviews. Furthermore, we suggest a comprehensive strategy that includes five phases (Analysis, Benchmark, Design, Implement, and Evaluate). This strategy is an advanced adaptation of the digital transformation maturity model and can be used as a guideline to effectively adopt and utilize the BD analytics approach. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1870-1882 Issue: 7 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1988409 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1988409 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:7:p:1870-1882 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1985947_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: M. Madhou Author-X-Name-First: M. Author-X-Name-Last: Madhou Author-Name: S. B. Moosun Author-X-Name-First: S. B. Author-X-Name-Last: Moosun Author-Name: D. Naginlal-Modi Nagowah Author-X-Name-First: D. Naginlal-Modi Author-X-Name-Last: Nagowah Title: Using research and development indicators to shape innovation in Mauritius Abstract: Research and Development (R&D) measurements are widely used in the formulation of evidence-based policies to boost a country’s innovation performance. This paper showcases how traditional (Expenditure and Number of Researchers) and country specific R&D data were used for the first time in Mauritius to formulate informed policy measures. A national survey covering the financial year 2019/2020 was conducted. Five hundred and fifty-three Researchers (Full Time Equivalence) per million of inhabitants were recorded. Gross Expenditure and Business R&D Expenditures as a percentage of GDP were 0.37% and 0.07% respectively. Highest expenditures for Business, Government and Higher Education sectors were in Engineering & Technology, Agricultural and Natural Sciences respectively, hence demonstrating a lack of synergy between the three sectors. Bibliometric analysis was conducted to evaluate the trend in publication output over the last five years. 6.2% of Mauritian publications were in Ocean Sciences and 21% of international publications were co-authored with a partner from Africa. These call for a realignment of R&D strategies for Mauritius to attain its goals to become a Blue Economy and a regional knowledge hub. Potential policy recommendations include mechanisms to be put in place for enhanced- public/private sector dialogue and targeted Research Funding schemes in relation to country goals. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1813-1828 Issue: 7 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1985947 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1985947 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:7:p:1813-1828 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1988414_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Daniel Adu Ankrah Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Adu Author-X-Name-Last: Ankrah Title: Ghana’s pineapple innovation history: An account from stakeholders in Nsawam Adoagyiri Municipal Assembly Abstract: Despite the pineapple fruit contributing significantly towards Ghana’s non-traditional export, the empirical space deficiently accounts for innovations within the sector. This article addresses prime questions that beg answering such as: the origin of innovations, when, how, what conditions facilitate adoption intensity or otherwise, what type of innovations are systematically associated with pineapple production. This study fills this lacuna by chronicling the main pineapple innovations using innovation history methodology embedded in an agricultural innovation system conceptual framing. Relying on a qualitative approach, the findings showed the emergence of two varieties – smooth cayenne and sugar loaf, overtaken by the MD2 variety. Degreening, forcing, and global Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) dominate. The Millennium Development Authority programme consolidated business plan development, efficient marketing, record keeping, and farming as a business. Successes were recorded in some instances with the transfer of technology extension model, but this article argues that the agricultural innovation system can be prioritized given the plurality of actors. The innovation history is trivialized, but it is essential for learning and co-learning in building stronger partnerships. This article underscores a radical use of innovation history both as a methodological tool and means of documenting innovations, particularly in the global south, where copious record-keeping remains rare. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1916-1932 Issue: 7 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1988414 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1988414 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:7:p:1916-1932 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1988412_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mathewos Woldemariam Birru Author-X-Name-First: Mathewos Author-X-Name-Last: Woldemariam Birru Title: Factors affecting the adoption and usage of electronic tax system in Ethiopia in the case of Addis Ababa city large taxpayers Abstract: The aim of this research is to assess the adoption and usage of electronic tax system in the case of large taxpayers in Addis Ababa city through the implementation of unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model with the addition of web quality, awareness, anxiety and perceived risk. Data for the study were derived from 384 respondents and analyzed by using the ordered logistic model. The research findings revealed that performance expectancy (PE), effort expectancy (EE), social influence (SI), awareness (AW), web quality (WQ) and perceived risk (PR) significantly affect intention and usage of the electronic tax system. The study recommends that since the adoption of the electronic tax system is a new environment for both government and taxpayers in Ethiopia, the Ethiopia Revenue Authority (ERA) should take into consideration that factors affect the intention to use as well as the usage of an electronic tax system. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1896-1907 Issue: 7 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1988412 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1988412 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:7:p:1896-1907 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1987614_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ayodele Ibrahim Shittu Author-X-Name-First: Ayodele Ibrahim Author-X-Name-Last: Shittu Author-Name: Oluyemi Theophilus Adeosun Author-X-Name-First: Oluyemi Theophilus Author-X-Name-Last: Adeosun Title: Learning and innovation in informal settings: The case of automobile workshops in Lagos metropolitan area Abstract: This paper broadly examines learning in informal settings and seeks explicitly to determine the modes of learning among automobile mechanics in the Lagos Metropolitan Area (LMA). The study relies on qualitative data extracted from the responses of 28 interviewees. The constant comparative method was used to analyze the data carefully. The deductions led to novel findings, which reveal that the dynamics of learning among automobile mechanics is non-linear, requires a strong will and positive attitude, and involves taking personal responsibility for one’s learning goals. Implications of the findings for practice and policies for improved learning and innovation in informal settings include, first, the study affirms that there are four learning modes among the informal automobile experts under review: generation of new ideas, information sharing, the wealth of experience, and reflection. Also, skills-upgrading and employment generation top the list of priorities among policymakers. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1848-1863 Issue: 7 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1987614 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1987614 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:7:p:1848-1863 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1988411_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Moses Naiim Fuseini Author-X-Name-First: Moses Naiim Author-X-Name-Last: Fuseini Author-Name: Ibrahim Abu Abdulai Author-X-Name-First: Ibrahim Author-X-Name-Last: Abu Abdulai Author-Name: William Quarmine Author-X-Name-First: William Author-X-Name-Last: Quarmine Author-Name: Shaibu Bukari Author-X-Name-First: Shaibu Author-X-Name-Last: Bukari Title: Exit from social assistance in sub-Sahara Africa: The reality of livelihood empowerment against poverty in the Upper West Region, Ghana Abstract: Globally, there is a frantic rush to establish social assistance programmes such as Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP), which are viewed as a panacea for poverty reduction. Nonetheless, prior research ignored the critical issue of exiting these programmes, which is essential given the likelihood of scheme dependency. As a result, this study employs a concurrent mixed methods design to examine LEAP exit. Three hundred and two LEAP beneficiaries were included in the sample. Primary data were gathered through the administration of questionnaires and an interview guide, whereas secondary data were gathered from LEAP policy documents. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, a hypothesis test for two independent proportions, the Mann-Whitney U test, thematic and content analysis. The study discovered that there was limited awareness regarding exit strategies. While some beneficiaries met the exit requirement, they did not graduate. To ensure a sustainable exit from LEAP, complementary services must be ensured. The unique contribution of this study is that it brings to light a previously unrecognized issue of social assistance programme exit (in this case, LEAP) by demonstrating that some beneficiaries had reached the exit threshold, thereby paving the way for enrolment of new eligible beneficiaries and saving the state from spending its scarce funds on those who do not need it anymore. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1883-1895 Issue: 7 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1988411 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1988411 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:7:p:1883-1895 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1983118_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Samuel T. Faloye Author-X-Name-First: Samuel T. Author-X-Name-Last: Faloye Author-Name: Nurudeen Ajayi Author-X-Name-First: Nurudeen Author-X-Name-Last: Ajayi Title: Understanding the impact of the digital divide on South African students in higher educational institutions Abstract: The integration of technology into educational systems has brought about changes in the style of teaching and learning. Nowadays, educational institutions are adopting technologies such as computers, and the Internet to enhance teaching and learning activities. However, the use of technologies has not served the intended purpose due to the digital divide. The digital divide refers to the gap between individuals with access and skills to use technology and those without such access and skills. Students who grew up using computers and related technologies are often at an advantage because they have sufficient technological skills to capitalize on technology for learning purposes. This study investigated the factors affecting students’ computer self-efficacy prior to joining the university as well as the challenges faced by first-year students while using technology for learning purpose. It examined the effects of the apartheid legacy and other factors contributing to the digital divide in the South African context. A quantitative methodology was employed, and 370 questionnaires were distributed to first-year students at the University of KwaZulu-Natal. The result showed that the timing of access to technology and computer anxiety have a direct relationship with a student’s computer self-efficacy. The result also showed that students from disadvantaged schools experience challenges with the hardware components of computers and application programmes. The article concludes with recommendations on how these challenges could be managed. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1734-1744 Issue: 7 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1983118 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1983118 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:7:p:1734-1744 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1983928_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Isabel Álvarez Author-X-Name-First: Isabel Author-X-Name-Last: Álvarez Author-Name: Antonio Biurrun Author-X-Name-First: Antonio Author-X-Name-Last: Biurrun Author-Name: Victor Martín Author-X-Name-First: Victor Author-X-Name-Last: Martín Title: The impact of COVID-19 on European global value chains: Some concerns about diversification and resilience Abstract: The disruptions and supply problems caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in the European Union (EU) have raised several issues concerning the EU’s participation in Global Value Chains (GVC). One of the most discussed points in the current debate is the need to increase economic and productive resilience. This paper describes the participation of the EU in GVC and the possibilities of geographical and productive diversification by analyzing the European export basket similarity with China and the relative technological advantages. Furthermore, building up on previous works, we propose a regression equation which allows us to analyze formally the impact of the pandemic on EU exports, and to examine the individual contributions of the domestic supply, international demand, and GVC disruptions shocks. Our findings suggest that the new member countries that joined the EU in 2004, have a more similar export basket with China. Also, we find that the fall in EU exports was mainly due to the international demand shock and the GVC disruption shock; while the EU dependence on the GVC networks is confirmed, disruptive effects are less severe for more technologically sophisticated products. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1745-1760 Issue: 7 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1983928 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1983928 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:7:p:1745-1760 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1982664_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Fekadu Mekonnen Bedhiye Author-X-Name-First: Fekadu Mekonnen Author-X-Name-Last: Bedhiye Author-Name: Lakhwinder Singh Author-X-Name-First: Lakhwinder Author-X-Name-Last: Singh Title: Fiscal policy and private investment in developing economies: Evidence from Ethiopia Abstract: Private investment is one of the major channels through which fiscal policy affects economic growth of a country. Endogenous growth theory for instance recognizes the effect of fiscal policy on economic growth through its impact on private investment although the impact varies with the type of fiscal policy instruments employed. Considering the significant role of fiscal policy on the development of private sector investment, this study has attempted to assess the effect of fiscal policy on private investment in developing economies by using evidence from Ethiopia. The study implemented a modified flexible accelerator model as a theoretical framework to explain the relationship between the study variables. The study applied the ARDL model to estimate the parameters. The study result revealed that disaggregated fiscal policy measures have a diverse effect on private investment. Specifically, government fiscal policy reforms and import duties have a significant crowding in effect while capital expenditure, recurrent expenditure and budget deficit have a crowding out effect. The study finding implies that government should have to reconsider its capital and recurrent expenditure in a way that positively contributes to the development of private investment. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1719-1733 Issue: 7 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1982664 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1982664 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:7:p:1719-1733 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1986893_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Henok Marie Shiferaw Author-X-Name-First: Henok Marie Author-X-Name-Last: Shiferaw Title: Students’ experience and commentary on the internship programme of civil engineering training in public universities of Ethiopia Abstract: This paper presents challenges of the internship programme among civil engineering training in public universities of Ethiopia based on students’ experiences and comments. Sample students from two major public universities in Ethiopia shared their experiences. Validated standard questionnaires were used to collect quantitative and qualitative data. Data were discussed in line with the objectives of the internship. Results indicated that more than 85% of the students arranged their hosting company by themselves, considering the distance to their hometown as the main criterion for their choice of hosting company. Almost half of the participants rated their internship hosting company as not welcoming. The average stay of the students in their internship was found to be only 64.31% of the total internship period of the curriculum requirement. A statistical test indicated that students’ satisfaction level and their period of stay were related at a significant level of 5%. Students commented that industries were unwilling to support them and there were usually too many internees on projects. Students advised universities to work closely with the industries, supervise the students and improve the budget. The results implied that there are considerable challenges in internship programmes that require the attention of the parties involved. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1839-1847 Issue: 7 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1986893 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1986893 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:7:p:1839-1847 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1985946_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Obidimma Ezezika Author-X-Name-First: Obidimma Author-X-Name-Last: Ezezika Author-Name: Chareena Varatharajan Author-X-Name-First: Chareena Author-X-Name-Last: Varatharajan Author-Name: Shanelle Racine Author-X-Name-First: Shanelle Author-X-Name-Last: Racine Author-Name: Edward Kwabena Ameyaw Author-X-Name-First: Edward Kwabena Author-X-Name-Last: Ameyaw Title: The implementation of a maternal mHealth project in South Africa: Lessons for taking mHealth innovations to scale Abstract: MomConnect is a mHealth programme in South Africa targeted at improving antenatal and maternal health. This study explored the barriers and facilitators to implementing the MomConnect programme in South Africa and the applicable lessons for scaling mHealth programmes in Africa. We reviewed the published literature and collected data through semi-structured interviews of project partners and leaders who worked on the MomConnect project. We asked study participants to identify any barriers and/or facilitators in the implementation of the MomConnect project and how they would overcome those barriers and strengthen the facilitators. We employed the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to inform the identification of a priori codes for the directed content analysis. Based on the analysis, the key components that supported the implementation of the MomConnect project included (1) strategic partnership and coordination across partner levels, (2) cost-effective technology and sustainable funding measures, (3) adequate adaptation of the innovation to local and national settings, and (4) guiding mHealth policy and legislation frameworks. The study’s results suggest that strong political will and a robust partnership are essential to lead the strategic implementation process of mHealth projects. Such mHealth projects thrive in a policy framework that can support the planning and implementation process. In addition, understanding the accessibility needs of the project’s target population as identified in this study is critical to developing mHealth projects that are sustainable in the long term by adapting to cost-effective technologies. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1798-1812 Issue: 7 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1985946 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1985946 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:7:p:1798-1812 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1984010_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Zorodzai Magura Author-X-Name-First: Zorodzai Author-X-Name-Last: Magura Author-Name: Tinashe Gwendolyn Zhou Author-X-Name-First: Tinashe Gwendolyn Author-X-Name-Last: Zhou Author-Name: Samuel Musungwini Author-X-Name-First: Samuel Author-X-Name-Last: Musungwini Title: A guiding framework for enhancing database security in state-owned universities in Zimbabwe Abstract: This study sought to design a framework to enhance database security in state-owned universities. Database security has been a cause for concern for state-owned universities following many reported cases of state-owned universities that were repeatedly hacked locally and the fact that internationally and there seems to be no strategy in place to guide database security mechanisms in state-owned universities. The study followed a positivist research philosophy using a hypothetical model to test various hypotheses. Through the lens of activity, Social Technology System and deterrence theories, using a survey method to gather the information, the hypotheses were tested and analyzed to further understand security vulnerabilities, security controls and ideal architectural requirements of database security. Quantitative data were collected from 104 respondents using questionnaires. A deductive approach was employed to ensure that the proposed strategy was designed after collecting the necessary data. The quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. The research findings highlighted the following issues that affect database security: human factor, work environment and technology in use. These issues lead to data exposure, data theft, data corruption, loss of revenue and loss of goodwill. Finally, a framework was proposed that would enhance database security in state-owned universities. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1761-1775 Issue: 7 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1984010 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1984010 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:7:p:1761-1775 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1988413_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Opeyemi A. Osanaiye Author-X-Name-First: Opeyemi A. Author-X-Name-Last: Osanaiye Author-Name: Thomas Mannan Author-X-Name-First: Thomas Author-X-Name-Last: Mannan Author-Name: Folayo Aina Author-X-Name-First: Folayo Author-X-Name-Last: Aina Title: An IoT-based soil moisture monitor Abstract: Over the years, monitoring soil moisture levels of farmlands has been performed manually. This is often time-consuming and inefficient, necessitating a solution that is efficient in controlling and monitoring soil moisture conditions. This work therefore proposes an Internet of Things (IoT)-based soil moisture monitor that observes soil moisture level using an Arduino Uno microcontroller and a Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) module to send data from the board to the user’s cell phone or Personal Digital Assistant (PDA). The soil moisture monitor works by observing the water level of the soil and alerts the farmer when the predefined threshold rate of the moisture sensor goes above or below, thus indicating overwatering or underwatering. This process also involves sending data from the sensor to the cloud and then to the database server. Evaluation of the proposed soil moisture monitor using Thingspeak shows that the system is dynamic and efficient as it ensures water is not wasted. It is also cost effective as it eliminates the huge budget for hiring farm workers. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1908-1915 Issue: 7 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1988413 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1988413 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:7:p:1908-1915 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1988418_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: María del Pilar Escott Mota Author-X-Name-First: María del Pilar Author-X-Name-Last: Escott Mota Author-Name: Xochitl Margarira Cruz Pérez Author-X-Name-First: Xochitl Margarira Cruz Author-X-Name-Last: Pérez Author-Name: Rafael Palacios Author-X-Name-First: Rafael Author-X-Name-Last: Palacios Title: Digital transformation and new dynamics of the triple helix model Abstract: This paper is intended to be an extension of innovation studies on the complexity of technological change and its relationship with the dynamics of the triple helix actors. Therefore, the research question is how to reduce the complexity of digital transformation from the point of view of innovation actors for a faster and more effective adaptation of their strategies?To answer that question, this paper conceives digitization as a ‘new technological path’. The complexity of digitization is assumed as the clearest expression of current technological change. The speed, dynamics and strength developed give technological change a character of domination. These characteristics have a transforming power on the actors that form the triple helix. Specifically, the objective of this work is to characterize the dynamism of the theoretical approach to technological change by making a longitudinal analysis of the development of digitization. The theoretical analysis allowed the identification of a set of variables, which modifies the way the actors are organized in triple helix model and can generate new arrangements in the interaction process. Also, it was observed that the variables identified are distinctive from other innovation variables in the approaches of Schumpeterian and neo-Schumpeterian actors.The results of this work were achieved using qualitative analysis through the MAGG methodological approach that made it possible to systematize and classify longitudinally different theoretical perspectives on the dynamics of technological change. A theoretical contrasting method was relevant because it allowed us to identify these variables. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1950-1958 Issue: 7 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1988418 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1988418 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:7:p:1950-1958 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1991553_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Waliu M. Adegbite Author-X-Name-First: Waliu M. Author-X-Name-Last: Adegbite Author-Name: Cookie M. Govender Author-X-Name-First: Cookie M. Author-X-Name-Last: Govender Title: Management barriers to innovation performance in Nigerian manufacturing sector Abstract: Innovation is an essential strategy for businesses to increase performance and profitability. While current literature focuses on technology and other technical barriers to innovation, many businesses in developing countries are unaware of the significance of organizational policy and practices on a firm's capacity to innovate, thus being confronted with stagnant or low innovation performance. A quantitative survey (n = 351) study was conducted to investigate the importance and impact of management barriers to innovation within production and manufacturing plants in Nigeria. Five hypotheses were tested using structural equation modelling (SEM). A questionnaire was developed based on relevant constructs adapted from previous studies. These were validated using Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Cronbach's alpha, and Composite Reliability Index. Garrett's ranking technique was used to determine the order of importance of identified barriers. Results indicate that all five management barriers investigated (i.e., management support, low motivation, resistance to change, risk avoidance behaviour, and financial resource) inhibit innovation performance in the sampled organizations. Furthermore, resistance to change, risk avoidance behaviour, and lack of management support ranked as the most significant management barriers. The study findings inform managers, senior executives, and policymakers how to reduce innovation barriers during the formulation and implementation of management strategies. The distinct characteristics of innovation barriers within Nigerian manufacturing businesses were highlighted, expanding the body of knowledge in this context. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1959-1969 Issue: 7 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1991553 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1991553 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:7:p:1959-1969 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1988408_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: F. O. Ifeanyieze Author-X-Name-First: F. O. Author-X-Name-Last: Ifeanyieze Author-Name: H. I. Ameh Author-X-Name-First: H. I. Author-X-Name-Last: Ameh Author-Name: T. E. Ejiofor Author-X-Name-First: T. E. Author-X-Name-Last: Ejiofor Author-Name: M. E. Ikehi Author-X-Name-First: M. E. Author-X-Name-Last: Ikehi Author-Name: F. M. Onu Author-X-Name-First: F. M. Author-X-Name-Last: Onu Title: Seed powder extract of physic nut (Jatropha curcas) as a biopesticide for weevils (Callosobruchus maculatus) in stored cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) Abstract: The study explored the effectiveness of physic nut (Jatropha curcas) in the control of cowpea weevils (Callosobruchus maculatus). The repellence, mortality rates and progeny emergence of weevils were observed, as well as germination viability of the treated cowpea seeds. The study adopted experimental research, using complete randomized block design. The results showed that seed powder extract of physic nut is effective in disrupting the normal activities of the weevils. However, the repellence and mortality rates of the weevils depended on the dosage administered and the duration of exposure to the treatment. The treatment was found to be most effective at 20 g, where repellence and mortality rates were 53.3% and 60.0%, respectively, while 0 progeny emergence occurred during the experimental period. The treated seeds were also found to be viable for planting as there was 100% seed germination. The study adds to the literature on innovative, sustainable and indigenous pest control measures in post-harvest storage of edible seeds in Africa. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1864-1869 Issue: 7 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1988408 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1988408 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:7:p:1864-1869 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1988416_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Jasdeep Kaur Author-X-Name-First: Jasdeep Author-X-Name-Last: Kaur Title: Association between plastic cards and mobile banking transactions in Kenya Abstract: Mobile banking has emerged as most popular mode of electronic banking in Kenya and people prefer to use it due to ease and convenience. Though mobile transactions are preferred by a large section of people, plastic cards are still widely used and account for a significant portion of banking transactions. This paper explores the evolution of mobile banking despite the existence of different e-banking services and the reasons for the quick adoption of mobile banking by Kenyan society. The paper also analyzes whether there is any association between plastic cards and mobile banking transactions in the country. The log-log regression technique has been used to establish a relationship between plastic cards and mobile transactions and, on the basis of results, the study recommends that commercial banks should try to popularize mobile banking among existing plastic card users. This move will not only give competitive advantage to banks but will also promote higher penetration on account of its easiness to use and quick acceptability among new users. Moreover, as there is a dearth of studies that associate mobile banking and plastic cards in Kenya, this work will add to the existing body of knowledge in the literature. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1933-1941 Issue: 7 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1988416 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1988416 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:7:p:1933-1941 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1988417_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Thawani Sanjika* Author-X-Name-First: Thawani Author-X-Name-Last: Sanjika* Author-Name: Grivin Chipula Author-X-Name-First: Grivin Author-X-Name-Last: Chipula Title: Technical feasibility of producing binder-free water hyacinth briquettes for domestic energy use Abstract: Production of biomass briquettes of good strength and combustion characteristics usually requires the addition of a binder material to the feedstock. This study was aimed at developing a methodology for producing briquettes from water hyacinth at low compression pressures without using a binder material. Fresh water hyacinth was chopped to a maximum length of 3 cm, sun-dried to a moisture content of about 10%, mixed with shredded waste office paper in four water hyacinth to paper proportions on weight basis (100:0, 90:10, 80:20 and 70:30). The mixtures were soaked in water for three days and briquetted using a 6-cylinder screw briquetting machine. The resulting briquettes were subjected to standard strength and combustion tests. A Completely Randomized Design with four treatments replicated five times was used as the experimental design. Results from the study indicate no significant differences in compressed density, relaxed density, relaxation ratio and calorific value between the briquettes. The results further indicate that briquettes made without a binder material have significantly low but adequate shatter resistance, low ignition time, high burning rate and take a longer time to bring water to boil. It can be concluded that good quality water hyacinth briquettes can be produced at low compression pressures without using a binder material. This methodology can potentially increase adoption of water hyacinth briquettes in areas with poor access to binder materials. The originality of the research is the development of a water hyacinth briquetting methodology that does not use binder materials. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1942-1949 Issue: 7 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1988417 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1988417 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:7:p:1942-1949 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1985202_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Oluyemi Theophilus Adeosun Author-X-Name-First: Oluyemi Theophilus Author-X-Name-Last: Adeosun Author-Name: Ibrahim Ayodele Shittu Author-X-Name-First: Ibrahim Ayodele Author-X-Name-Last: Shittu Title: Business incubation initiatives and innovation capabilities of micro-sized enterprises: Exploring the software ICT value chain Abstract: Promoting innovative capabilities in Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) is crucial if African countries are to progress in terms of being active in the Global Value Chain (GVC) and achieve inclusive development. Enhancing innovative capabilities in the Information Communication Technology (ICT) sector has been identified as strategic to Nigeria tapping into the GVC and deepening industrial sustainable development. Despite increasing awareness that enhanced innovative capabilities can foster the integration of SMEs into the GVC, there still exists scanty evidence of SMEs’ innovative capabilities, especially in the ICT sector and software sub-sector in Nigeria. This paper broadly explores SMEs’ innovative capabilities in the ICT–Software Incubator sub-sector in Lagos metropolis. Specifically, the paper seeks to understand what limits SMEs’ innovative capabilities and the kinds of government support required to mitigate the effects of these factors. The study used 200 SMEs and 10 key incubator hubs operating in the sub-sector as a case study as well as in-depth interviews with the owners/managers. Our findings show that there is improvement in the software sector’s knowledge and development and its value chain in the country; most businesses copy innovative concepts from abroad, adopting about 30% local innovation content due to the high demand for foreign software innovations by clients; overall most incubation hubs are underperforming in their core services to incubating firms; and poor educational infrastructure, brain drain and poor support from the government are key challenges facing the sector. We recommend a strong peer review among the innovation hubs and a check on the brain drain in the sector. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1776-1787 Issue: 7 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1985202 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1985202 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:7:p:1776-1787 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1985203_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Fatema Motiwala Author-X-Name-First: Fatema Author-X-Name-Last: Motiwala Author-Name: Obidimma Ezezika Author-X-Name-First: Obidimma Author-X-Name-Last: Ezezika Title: Barriers to scaling health technologies in sub-Saharan Africa: Lessons from Ethiopia, Nigeria, and Rwanda Abstract: Given the importance of effectively scaling technologies in the promotion of health and innovation, the objective of our paper was to identify the barriers that can impede the process of scaling up in sub-Saharan Africa. We reviewed the published literature and collected data through semi-structured interviews of six key players in the health technology space in three sub-Saharan African countries: Ethiopia, Nigeria, and Rwanda. We analyzed the interview transcripts in light of the transition theory framework. This informative framework highlights how health technologies are nested in societal contexts, how they could be scaled up, and what factors influence changes in structure, practice, and culture. Our data analyses uncovered six barriers to scaling health technologies. These barriers included inadequate availability and accessibility of health equipment, inadequate policies and gaps in policy effectiveness, lack of financial resources, unavailability of health personnel and expertise, insufficient understanding and infrastructure to scale up effectively, and lack of community and user integration with the technology. Through the results of this study, we have created a narrative on how health technologies can be most effectively scaled in sub-Saharan Africa and provided insights for researchers, policymakers, and programme implementers on the scaling of health technologies in the region. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1788-1797 Issue: 7 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1985203 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1985203 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:7:p:1788-1797 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1994239_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Alex Boakye Author-X-Name-First: Alex Author-X-Name-Last: Boakye Author-Name: Nnenna Nwabufo Author-X-Name-First: Nnenna Author-X-Name-Last: Nwabufo Author-Name: Mulugeta Dinbabo Author-X-Name-First: Mulugeta Author-X-Name-Last: Dinbabo Title: The impact of technological progress and digitization on Ghana’s economy Abstract: This study analyzed the impact of technological progress and digitization on Ghana’s economy using panel data for the period 2009–2019. Technological progress and economic growth inter-dependency was analyzed in two steps. First, the relation was tested using Augmented Dickey–Fuller method. Second, we estimated the long-run relation between the variables by using Engel Granger and Error Correction models. The results indicate that adopting technology or digitizing the economy has the potential to drive sustainable growth and development. In particular, it was noted that ICT investments drive high productivity rates and faster economic growth. In sum, technological progress and digitization have the potential to foster significant growth and therefore must be given high credence in the planning and designing of development programmes. This paper contributes to development theories on the role that ICT plays in economic growth and development. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1981-1986 Issue: 7 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1994239 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1994239 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:7:p:1981-1986 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1992069_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Muzamil Farooq Author-X-Name-First: Muzamil Author-X-Name-Last: Farooq Title: The Prosperity Paradox: How Innovation Can Lift Nations Out of Poverty, Harper Business Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1987-1988 Issue: 7 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1992069 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1992069 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:7:p:1987-1988 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1992076_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Sipho Mbatha Author-X-Name-First: Sipho Author-X-Name-Last: Mbatha Author-Name: Anne Mastamet-Mason Author-X-Name-First: Anne Author-X-Name-Last: Mastamet-Mason Title: Status quo of the South African clothing industry’s university-industry-government collaborations Abstract: The South African clothing industry is among the industries viewed as strategic for socio-economic development by the South African government. The government’s industrial policies incorporated University-Industry-Government (UIG) Research and Development (R&D) collaborations in efforts to achieve the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030 and African Union’s (AU) Agenda 2063, among others. The literature on UIG R&D collaborations in the context of developing economies and the clothing industry is limited and requires attention to support the achievement of the SDGs and AU Agenda aspirations. This paper presents the status quo of the South African clothing industry using qualitative and quantitative data. The authors interviewed 12 respondents from: the university fashion departments (3), clothing firms (2), clothing consulting firms (2), clothing-related research institutions (2), clothing-related the government divisions (3) and surveyed 22 clothing firms. Thematic analysis and descriptive statistics were employed to analyze the data. The results show that the government plays a dominant role in these collaborations through policy, grants and incentives because of the lack of R&D activities in the South African clothing industry. The institutional sphere performs R&D activities mainly in isolation while some are pockets of R&D bilateral collaborations performed at arm’s length. In light of this, the results indicate that the South African clothing industry is currently at the statist stage. The current triple helix model in play may negatively affect the role that the South African clothing industry can play in achieving the SDGs and AU Agenda. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1970-1980 Issue: 7 Volume: 14 Year: 2022 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2021.1992076 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2021.1992076 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:14:y:2022:i:7:p:1970-1980 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1511349_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Wolfram Schmidt Author-X-Name-First: Wolfram Author-X-Name-Last: Schmidt Title: INTRODUCTION Advances in Cement and Concrete Technologies in Africa (ACCTA) Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 399-399 Issue: 4 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1511349 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1511349 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:4:p:399-399 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1380582_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Wolfram Schmidt Author-X-Name-First: Wolfram Author-X-Name-Last: Schmidt Author-Name: Nsesheye Susan Msinjili Author-X-Name-First: Nsesheye Susan Author-X-Name-Last: Msinjili Author-Name: Hans-Carsten Kühne Author-X-Name-First: Hans-Carsten Author-X-Name-Last: Kühne Title: Materials and technology solutions to tackle the challenges in daily concrete construction for housing and infrastructure in sub-Saharan Africa Abstract: Sub-Saharan Africa's economic rise has caused a high demand for housing and infrastructure. This rapid growth has resulted in urgent challenges of enormous dimensions for urban and infrastructural planners and the entire construction sector. Considering the African supply chains and resources, cement and concrete are doubtless the most important materials that will support mastering the challenges and building the future in a sustainable way.Despite the promising perspectives, the social, economic and geographic boundary framework in most countries of sub-Saharan Africa exhibits a high number of peculiarities. Disadvantageous parameters during the concreting process, which negatively affect the quality and durability of concrete structures, are discussed with regard to implications for the safety and lifetime of structures. However, most sub-Saharan African countries feature a high potential for innovation and new, individual ways. Based on this consideration, non-standard concepts are discussed, namely how to bring about robust and well workable concrete reliably into practice, cost-efficiently and as ready-to-use pre-mixed dry mortar compound under consideration of local materials such as natural pozzolans, cassava starch and lignosulphonate. The development and performance of such a pre-mixed mortar compound is briefly demonstrated. These implemented in daily concrete practice could significantly contribute to improved durability of construction for the relevant sectors of housing and infrastructure. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 401-415 Issue: 4 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1380582 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1380582 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:4:p:401-415 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1513895_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Nsesheye Susan Msinjili Author-X-Name-First: Nsesheye Susan Author-X-Name-Last: Msinjili Author-Name: Wolfram Schmidt Author-X-Name-First: Wolfram Author-X-Name-Last: Schmidt Author-Name: Andreas Rogge Author-X-Name-First: Andreas Author-X-Name-Last: Rogge Author-Name: Hans-Carsten Kühne Author-X-Name-First: Hans-Carsten Author-X-Name-Last: Kühne Title: Rice husk ash as a sustainable supplementary cementitious material for improved concrete properties Abstract: There is a wide range of research worldwide on supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) such as fly ash, slag and silica fumes that have pozzolanic properties sufficient for substituting ordinary Portland cement (OPC). These SCMs are known to significantly improve concrete properties, especially in terms of increased strength and durability. Unfortunately, the production of such SCMs is becoming scarce and limited to certain parts of the world. Hence, alternative options must be sought that bear in mind the ever-increasing importance of the issue of availability of resources as well as the appeal of using of eco-friendlier SCMs in a cementitious system. This paper addresses the use of rice husk ash (RHA) as a sustainable replacement for cement. Despite the fact that extensive research has been done on this material, its application in a cementitious system to obtain sufficient concrete properties is still rather limited. This paper explains the possibility of obtaining a ternary cementitious system consisting of OPC, RHA and other readily available resources such as limestone filler (LSF) and the performance of the blended systems in the presence of superplasticizers. The outcome is to produce normal strength concrete with good performance – optimum workability and durability. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 417-425 Issue: 4 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1513895 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1513895 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:4:p:417-425 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1399533_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Olanrewaju A. Apampa Author-X-Name-First: Olanrewaju A. Author-X-Name-Last: Apampa Title: Environmental benefits of corn cob ash in lateritic soil cement stabilization for road works Abstract: The potential environmental benefits of corn cob ash (CCA) as pozzolan in stabilizing soils for road construction was investigated. Corn cob obtained from Maya in South West Nigeria was processed to ash similar to Class C Fly Ash and blended with ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in the OPC:CCA ratios of 1:1 and 2:1. Each of these blends was then mixed with lateritic soil of classification A-2-7(3) in varying percentages from 0–7.5% and thereafter tested for Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS). The cost of the binder inputs was determined from the production cost of CCA and the prevailing market price of OPC. Using the processed laboratory results, an optimization problem was set up, with the cost of the OPC-CCA binder as the objective function to be minimized, subject to the constraints of minimum UCS of 1800 kN/m2 and solved. The study showed that OPC-CCA blends used at optimization levels reduced the overall OPC consumption by up to 26.8% and could result in a corresponding reduction in net CO2 contribution to the environment. The paper concluded by recommending the development of bio pozzolan cements for use in soil stabilization to reduce the CO2 contribution of the construction industry to global warming. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 427-431 Issue: 4 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1399533 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1399533 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:4:p:427-431 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1479141_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Hanaa Youssef Ghorab Author-X-Name-First: Hanaa Youssef Author-X-Name-Last: Ghorab Author-Name: Amr Said Meawad Author-X-Name-First: Amr Said Author-X-Name-Last: Meawad Author-Name: Mehmet Yildirim Author-X-Name-First: Mehmet Author-X-Name-Last: Yildirim Author-Name: Ahmed Hassan Eied Hassan Author-X-Name-First: Ahmed Hassan Eied Author-X-Name-Last: Hassan Title: Progress research on earth construction: Cast earth with glass wastes, cement kiln bypass dust and activated clay Abstract: A sandy soil was stabilized by 10% CEM I 42.5 R. Up to 50% of the cement was replaced by waste glass powder, cement kiln bypass dust or activated clay. Polynapthalene sulfonate superplasticizer was used to increase the fluidity of the mixes. The flowability is measured by means of the flow table according to ASTM C230. The compressive strengths of cubic samples are recorded. It is found that the fluidity of the soil increases with increasing the superplasticizer dosage. A 90-day strength of 6.0 N/mm2 is obtained by replacing 25 wt.% of the cement with waste glass powder using a w/b ratio of 1.5 and 2% superplasticizer. Segregation occurs with higher glass content. The use of cement dust as cement replacement material leads to lower strength values. Stabilization of the soil by 5% cement, 10% activated clay or glass powder, 5% cement dust, with 3% superplasticizer, produces castable mix with a 28d-strength of ∼20 N/mm2 when cured in water. This value decreases drastically in absence of cement. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 433-439 Issue: 4 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1479141 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1479141 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:4:p:433-439 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1380580_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Akindehinde Ayotunde Akindahunsi Author-X-Name-First: Akindehinde Ayotunde Author-X-Name-Last: Akindahunsi Author-Name: Wolfram Schmidt Author-X-Name-First: Wolfram Author-X-Name-Last: Schmidt Title: Effect of cassava starch on shrinkage characteristics of concrete Abstract: The use of starch and its derivatives in concrete as an admixture to modify relevant properties of concrete has been on the increase in recent times. It is known to modify the rheology, affect the hydration kinetics of cement, and influence initial and final setting times of cement. This paper examines the effect of cassava starch on shrinkage properties of concrete. Concretes with and without starch additions, were investigated. Various percentages (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0%) of starch by weight of cement were added to concrete mixes prepared in the laboratory. Shrinkage tests were conducted for a duration of up to one year. The results show that concretes with starch additions exhibit lower shrinkage, which is an indication that the addition of starch as an admixture in concrete improves the ability of the concrete to reduce shrinkage problems. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 441-447 Issue: 4 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1380580 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1380580 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:4:p:441-447 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1380581_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Joern Seitz Author-X-Name-First: Joern Author-X-Name-Last: Seitz Author-Name: Bai Pengyu Author-X-Name-First: Bai Author-X-Name-Last: Pengyu Author-Name: Wang Gang Author-X-Name-First: Wang Author-X-Name-Last: Gang Title: Diaphragm wall and piles set record in Africa: Foundation for Africa’s largest suspension bridge in Mozambique Abstract: As part of the master plan for the infrastructure of the road network in the southern Africa area, a suspension bridge is being built in Maputo, Mozambique. The bridge over the Maputo Bay has an open span of 680 m between pylons and is anchored on the north and south side of the Bay by massive anchor blocks that are built in deep shafts constructed by circular diaphragm walls. With an outer diameter of 50 m and an excavation depth of 15 m and 36 m respectively, these shafts are among the largest presently being built in the world for a suspension bridge. The diaphragm wall panels of the walls reach down to a depth of 56 m into the fine sandstone and siltstone.The pylons and the approach bridges north and south are founded on piles with diameters of 1.50 m to 2.20 m and reach a maximum depth of 110 m. Construction material has been carefully selected and the use of local material as well as approved imported material and products to guarantee a 16-hour retarding time needed for the concreting procedure of the foundation elements. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 449-455 Issue: 4 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1380581 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1380581 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:4:p:449-455 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1409456_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Raine Isaksson Author-X-Name-First: Raine Author-X-Name-Last: Isaksson Author-Name: Oluwayomi Babatunde Author-X-Name-First: Oluwayomi Author-X-Name-Last: Babatunde Title: Opportunities for improved sustainability in house building: The case of Dar es Salaam Abstract: The combination of a growing population and economic development in Africa will form strong drivers for building growth. Buildings drive energy consumption and carbon emissions. On the material side, cement is the driver for cost and carbon emissions. A cement productivity index is proposed. Results from a case study in Dar es Salaam show that cement is poorly used in the main application of sandcrete blocks. The relative cement productivity is < 30% compared to ordinary concrete. The main problem is the design of the blocks. Mostly, only some 5% of cement by weight is used. However, the sand matrix often needs up to 10% of water for good compaction. This means that the w/c ratio is always high in the mixes, which leads to low cement productivity. One first step could be going from solid to hollow blocks, which would enable increasing the cement content and improving cement productivity up to 50% of the defined benchmark. However, there is resistance to hollow blocks in the market. Alternative solutions, such as soil-stabilized earth, should also be looked into. For realizing the full cement strength potential, other affordable concrete solutions need to be developed for the market. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 457-463 Issue: 4 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1409456 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1409456 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:4:p:457-463 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1530406_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mika Raunio Author-X-Name-First: Mika Author-X-Name-Last: Raunio Author-Name: Rhiannon Pugh Author-X-Name-First: Rhiannon Author-X-Name-Last: Pugh Author-Name: Fayaz Ahmad Sheikh Author-X-Name-First: Fayaz Ahmad Author-X-Name-Last: Sheikh Author-Name: Abiodun Egbetokun Author-X-Name-First: Abiodun Author-X-Name-Last: Egbetokun Title: INTRODUCTION: Importance of methodological diversity for innovation system studies Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 465-467 Issue: 4 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1530406 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1530406 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:4:p:465-467 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1355586_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Hernán Alejandro Morero Author-X-Name-First: Hernán Alejandro Author-X-Name-Last: Morero Author-Name: Pablo Ortiz Author-X-Name-First: Pablo Author-X-Name-Last: Ortiz Title: Multivariate analysis to research innovation complementarities Abstract: It is widely recognized that orthodox economics is obsessed with econometrics tools. However, econometrics techniques have a limited capacity to deal with qualitative variables coming from surveys. This paper presents a defence of the use of statistical methods, in particular multivariate analysis, which is the overall objective of the paper. Multivariate analysis is a set of methods that can be used when the problem that arises implies multiple dependent or interdependent variables of a qualitative nature. We considered an issue in the literature to probe multivariate analysis in a particular topic, namely: the question of innovation complementarities. We analyzed the presence of complementarities between internal and external innovation activities in 257 software firms from Argentina during the period 2008–2010, comparing the consideration of the problem of complementarities with the more modern complementarity econometrical tests, super and sub modularity tests arising from diverse firm-innovation function estimations (OProbit, Tobit and Probit), with the engagement of the same issue with multiple factor analysis and cluster techniques. The results show not only that the same results obtained by the econometrical tools can be reached by multivariate analysis techniques, but also that multiple factor analysis and cluster techniques allow for better exploitation of the richness of qualitative data. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 469-484 Issue: 4 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1355586 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1355586 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:4:p:469-484 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1526850_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Nejla Yacoub Author-X-Name-First: Nejla Author-X-Name-Last: Yacoub Title: A qualitative approach to assess innovation in small infant industries within developing countries: The case of pharmaceuticals in Tunisia Abstract: Empirical methodologies to assess innovation are generally econometric models using ‘quantifiable’ variables. However, the innovation system approach shows that innovation is a social process. Its analysis needs to consider the influence of humans on the innovation system actors’ behaviours and decisions. This challenge is even more crucial when studying small infant industries in developing countries. Indeed, these industries face financial difficulties and bear high fixed costs and R&D expenses. Moreover, in developing countries, innovation is usually a synonym of minor rather than major innovation. Thus, methodologies to assess innovation in infant industries within developing countries must allow for going beyond the sole criterion of innovation performance in order to emphasize innovation potential. The aim of this paper, then, is to estimate innovation within the pharmaceutical industry in Tunisia. Still in its infancy, with only 32 firms, this industry responds to the above-described characteristics. The required data were collected via a qualitative survey covering all the firms in the industry under consideration. The survey was conducted using face-to-face interviews mainly with R&D directors. The results show promising hidden innovation potential within pharmaceutical firms in Tunisia, potential that quantitative methods would underestimate. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 485-493 Issue: 4 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1526850 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1526850 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:4:p:485-493 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1528703_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Marcela Suarez Author-X-Name-First: Marcela Author-X-Name-Last: Suarez Title: What can multi-sited and digital ethnography contribute to innovation studies in the global South? Abstract: Innovation studies research is at the forefront of recent theoretical and interdisciplinary debates. However, it also faces at least three methodological challenges, namely: the need for empirical strategies to analyze inclusive innovations, the need to conduct symmetrical cutting-edge research in both theory and methods rather than giving lopsided emphasis to one or the other, and the need to adequately grasp the multiple, multi-sited and mobile character of social phenomena as well as the diverse impacts of digital culture in our lives stemming from globalization. This article aims to analyze the potentialities that ethnographical approaches have in facing these challenges, and multi-sited and digital ethnographical approaches in particular. Ethnography will be explored here not only as a flexible research strategy to grasp phenomena but also to develop theories closer to local actors and their different types of knowledge in the global South. These reflections about methods in innovation studies are also an opportunity to take part in a renewed discussion about how to conduct research in a more collaborative and inclusive way. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 495-503 Issue: 4 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1528703 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1528703 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:4:p:495-503 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1532630_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Fayaz Ahmad Sheikh Author-X-Name-First: Fayaz Ahmad Author-X-Name-Last: Sheikh Title: Undervaluation of informal sector innovations: Making a case for revisiting methodology Abstract: The informal economy is emerging as a new normal. It is distinctively pervasive both in the Global South and the North. Of late, scholarship in development economics has captured its knowledge component. Yet, the focus of innovation studies is exclusively on the exchange value, scalability and large-scale commercialization of innovations thereby overlooking informal sector innovations. This paper, through an extensive review of the literature on the subject, attempts to find out the other non-economic and methodological explanations, which have led to the marginalization of informal sector innovations. This paper attempts to deconstruct the political, philosophical and methodological reasons that have contributed to the undervaluation of informal and alternative knowledge systems. Further, to explore the gaps and suggest new ways of studying the subject afresh, a critical review of the existing methodologies is also undertaken. This paper identifies that the dominant research methodologies and the ‘universal’ but restricted narratives about innovations have greatly contributed towards the exclusion of alternative knowledge forms including informal sector innovations in the mainstream development discourses. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 505-512 Issue: 4 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1532630 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1532630 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:4:p:505-512 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1537106_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Nadja Nordling Author-X-Name-First: Nadja Author-X-Name-Last: Nordling Author-Name: Rhiannon Pugh Author-X-Name-First: Rhiannon Author-X-Name-Last: Pugh Title: Beyond the ‘usual suspects’ – Alternative qualitative methods for innovation policy studies Abstract: In this paper we make three points about the current state and promising future directions of qualitative research in our field of innovation policy research. First, we argue that research design and methods are dealt with quite superficially in most innovation policy studies papers and journals providing little guidance to new scholars as to how to approach their research. Secondly we argue that when methods are discussed, it tends to be a narrow range of qualitative methods that are used – most commonly a case study approach drawing on interviews and document analysis. Thirdly, we suggest broadening our approach to contain more participatory and action-based research; these are suggested as ways to include more groups in the research design, increase the impact of our work and allow us a deeper understanding of the formulation and development of innovation policy as is possible. We do not argue that the old methods should be put aside but that new additional approaches could be considered to capture the essence of innovation policy formulation. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 513-522 Issue: 4 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1537106 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1537106 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:4:p:513-522 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1385134_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Johnson Ojiyovwi Okorhi Author-X-Name-First: Johnson Ojiyovwi Author-X-Name-Last: Okorhi Author-Name: Joe E. Amadi-Echendu Author-X-Name-First: Joe E. Author-X-Name-Last: Amadi-Echendu Author-Name: Helen Olubunmi Aderemi Author-X-Name-First: Helen Olubunmi Author-X-Name-Last: Aderemi Author-Name: Roland Uhunmwangho Author-X-Name-First: Roland Author-X-Name-Last: Uhunmwangho Author-Name: Anthony Chukwudi Okwubunne Author-X-Name-First: Anthony Chukwudi Author-X-Name-Last: Okwubunne Title: Disconnect between policy and practice in developing countries: Evidence of managing e-waste from Nigeria Abstract: There are insufficient management functions that begin with planning, institutional arrangements and technical handling of e-waste materials in Nigeria. Modern trends in recycling still fall short of global practices. This study examined Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) management strategies in Southeastern Nigeria with a view to suggesting appropriate implementable measures. It used an investigative approach through questionnaire administration. Twenty local government areas were purposively selected from five mutually exclusive strata of states. Data from 36 government agencies/offices were analyzed using percentage and linear multiple regression. Results revealed that WEEE management strategies were inadequate. The study concluded that WEEE management strategies were inapt and poorly implemented. Regulatory bodies should therefore urgently embrace and adopt appropriate management strategies, conduct periodic inventories of WEEE types and quantity and encourage the set-up and enforcement of cutting edge standards for modern facilities designated for the disposal of e-waste materials. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 523-531 Issue: 4 Volume: 11 Year: 2019 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2017.1385134 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2017.1385134 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:11:y:2019:i:4:p:523-531 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1513894_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Grany M. Senyolo Author-X-Name-First: Grany M. Author-X-Name-Last: Senyolo Author-Name: Edilegnaw Wale Author-X-Name-First: Edilegnaw Author-X-Name-Last: Wale Author-Name: Gerald F. Ortmann Author-X-Name-First: Gerald F. Author-X-Name-Last: Ortmann Title: The determinants of farmers’ decision to produce African leafy vegetables in the Limpopo province, South Africa Abstract: There is a decline in the production, utilization and diversity of underutilized crops including African Leafy Vegetables (ALVs), which poses a threat to the status of food security and rural development. This study examines the factors influencing households’ participation decision in the production of African leafy vegetables in the Limpopo Province of South Africa using a double-hurdle model that accounts for whether or not smallholder farmers produce ALVs (decision to participate) and how much land was allocated for ALV production (level of participation). Participation and level of participation decisions were analysed using cross section data collected from 126 smallholder farmers in 2013. The empirical results suggest that factors explaining participation decision and the level of participation are different. Hence, it is imperative that policies that are aimed at incentivising participation and level of participation and their impacts on food security and nutrition target different groups. The commercialization of ALVs could also promote rural development in the study area. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 771-778 Issue: 7 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1513894 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1513894 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:7:p:771-778 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1514757_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Musa Hasen Ahmed Author-X-Name-First: Musa Hasen Author-X-Name-Last: Ahmed Author-Name: Aemro Tazeze Author-X-Name-First: Aemro Author-X-Name-Last: Tazeze Author-Name: Alem Mezgebo Author-X-Name-First: Alem Author-X-Name-Last: Mezgebo Author-Name: Eden Andualem Author-X-Name-First: Eden Author-X-Name-Last: Andualem Title: Measuring maize production efficiency in the eastern Ethiopia: Stochastic frontier approach Abstract: This study evaluated the technical, economic and allocative efficiency of maize production in eastern Ethiopia using cross-sectional data collected from 480 maize plots. The stochastic production function, fitted using the Cobb–Douglas production function, indicated that the amount of seed, land and DAP (Diammonium phosphate) are highly significant in determining maize production in the study area. The results of the study also indicated that the potential to improve economic efficiency of maize production in the study area relies more on allocative efficiency compared with technical efficiency. The study also identified socioeconomic and institutional factors that determine technical efficiency in the study area. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 779-786 Issue: 7 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1514757 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1514757 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:7:p:779-786 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1519058_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Adetoyese Adeyemo Author-X-Name-First: Adetoyese Author-X-Name-Last: Adeyemo Author-Name: Theodora Rani Author-X-Name-First: Theodora Author-X-Name-Last: Rani Author-Name: Adeyinka Odunsi Author-X-Name-First: Adeyinka Author-X-Name-Last: Odunsi Title: A comparative study of hatchery waste meal with blood meal using laying Japanese quail Abstract: Production cost is a major challenge in the poultry industry of developing countries. It has compelled researchers to explore recycling animal protein sources as it has emerged the most expensive feed ingredient. Hatchery waste is readily and commonly available as an animal protein source. It is the left-over from the processes of poultry hatchery, such as shell of hatched eggs, infertile eggs, dead embryos, dead chicks and culled chicks. This trial was conducted to determine the replacement value of hatchery waste meal as an alternative animal protein source for blood meal in diets of laying Japanese quail. One hundred and forty-four mature quails were allocated to three dietary treatments with three replicates of 16 quails each. Treatment (A) contained blood meal (BM), while treatments (B) and (C) contained whole hatchery waste meal (WHWM) and shell-less hatchery waste meal (SHWM), respectively. The trial lasted eight weeks. Average feed intake for treatments A, B and C were 19.7, 18.5 and 17.5 g per day/bird, respectively. Treatment B produced the highest weight gains (37.0 g per week/bird) and treatment A had the least (6.5 g per week/bird). Egg production and qualities differed among the three treatments; percentage hen day production of treatment B, A and C were 71.4, 54.6, 52.6, respectively. Egg weight was higher in treatment B (10.23 g) than treatments A and C. Haematological indices were similar among treatments. It is therefore concluded that blood meal can be conveniently replaced with hatchery waste meal without any deleterious effects in poultry diets. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 787-792 Issue: 7 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1519058 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1519058 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:7:p:787-792 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1519059_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: C. O. Anyaeche Author-X-Name-First: C. O. Author-X-Name-Last: Anyaeche Author-Name: D. E. Ighravwe Author-X-Name-First: D. E. Author-X-Name-Last: Ighravwe Title: An automated framework for business enterprise performance evaluation Abstract: The evaluation of the performance of business enterprises has continued to pose challenges to business managers. Many approaches have been developed to address this problem, but most have been either input or output oriented, while some focus on specific tasks. These orientations do not give the total picture of a system's performance; thus, they do not sufficiently address the performance of the functional areas. By focusing so narrowly on specific orientation or tasks, they lose sight of the ‘big picture’ of the larger process of other common business processes. This study presents a framework that attempts to address these problems. The proposed framework combines the concepts of productivity evaluation with price recovery and profitability as performance measures, fuzzy logic and the rank-order centroid (ROC) approach. The framework presented evaluates the performance of a system's inputs and outputs at different functional areas simultaneously using productivity. Data from a manufacturing firm were used to demonstrate the proposed approach utility. The outputs productivity results were 1.28, 0.03, 0.07 and 1.86 for products 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The firm had a total productivity of 0.98, total price recovery of 1.18 and total profitability of 1.16. The ROC ranked accounting and finance as the best functional area. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 793-804 Issue: 7 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1519059 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1519059 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:7:p:793-804 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1519060_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Isiaka Oluwole Oladele Author-X-Name-First: Isiaka Oluwole Author-X-Name-Last: Oladele Author-Name: Oluwaseun Olayinka Abegunde Author-X-Name-First: Oluwaseun Olayinka Author-X-Name-Last: Abegunde Author-Name: Abdullahi Olawale Masud Author-X-Name-First: Abdullahi Olawale Author-X-Name-Last: Masud Title: Flexural, water absorption and wear responses of green composites from bio-resources Abstract: This research was carried out to produce corn husk fibre reinforced recycled waste paper-based composites using natural rubber as a binder. The paper pulp was obtained by soaking waste paper in water for 24 hours after which it was ground. The paper pulp slurry was sun dried for five days followed by pulverizing and sieving. Corn husk was turned to fibre strands that were cut to 5 mm so as to obtain short fibres. Varying mass of the recycled waste paper and corn husk fibre were blended with constant volume of natural rubber to produce the various samples. The mixtures were thoroughly mixed and poured into the moulds for the development of flexural and wear samples after which they were compacted using the laboratory compacting machine. The compacted composites in their green form were removed and allowed to further cured under sunlight for 10 days before been subjected to flexural, wear and water absorptivity tests. From the results, flexural properties were enhanced between 4–8 wt% corn husk fibre addition while wear and water absorption properties were enhanced at 10 wt% corn husk fibre addition. This composite can be used as partitioning board, ceiling sheets as well as counter-tops applications. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 805-810 Issue: 7 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1519060 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1519060 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:7:p:805-810 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1519061_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Laura Barasa Author-X-Name-First: Laura Author-X-Name-Last: Barasa Title: Corruption, transaction costs, and innovation in Africa Abstract: This paper examines the relationship between corruption, transaction costs as measured by asset specificity, and innovation in Africa. We hypothesize that in the context of developing countries in Africa, corruption is positively associated with innovation. In addition, we hypothesize that this relationship is mediated by physical asset specificity and human asset specificity. These hypotheses are tested by means of a multiple mediation model. The product of coefficients approach and bootstrapping techniques are used to estimate firm-level data from the 2013 World Bank Enterprise Survey and 2013 Innovation Follow-up Survey. The results from the estimations reveal that corruption is positively associated with innovation, and that physical asset specificity mediates this relationship. There is no evidence suggesting that human asset specificity mediates the relationship between corruption and innovation. We conclude that the positive relationship between corruption and innovation offers support to the hypothesis that corruption ‘greases-the-wheels’ of innovation in Africa. Furthermore, physical asset specificity increases the likelihood of innovation in a business environment characterized by a high degree of corruption. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 811-821 Issue: 7 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1519061 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1519061 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:7:p:811-821 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1519062_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mensah Tawiah Cobbinah Author-X-Name-First: Mensah Tawiah Author-X-Name-Last: Cobbinah Author-Name: Samuel Arkoh Donkoh Author-X-Name-First: Samuel Arkoh Author-X-Name-Last: Donkoh Author-Name: Isaac Gershon Kodwo Ansah Author-X-Name-First: Isaac Gershon Kodwo Author-X-Name-Last: Ansah Title: Consumers’ willingness to pay for safer vegetables in Tamale, Ghana Abstract: Consumers’ concerns over misuse of agrochemicals and untreated wastewater for irrigation in vegetable production are increasing demand for safer vegetables in urban cities. Providing safer vegetables requires production methods that minimize or eliminate the associated risks. Nevertheless, these practices involve extra cost, which requires that consumers, at least, bear part of the cost. The main objective of this paper is to examine factors influencing consumers’ willingness to pay price premiums for safer vegetables. We sampled a cross-section of 331 consumers in Tamale, and elicited their willingness to pay premium prices for safer vegetables. The results show that consumers are willing to pay average premiums of GH¢8.01 (US$1.90), GH¢3.27 (US$0.78) and GH¢2.89 (US$0.69) for standard quantities of safer cabbage, safer ayoyo and safer okra, respectively. These premium prices are equivalent to 128.6%, 197.3% and 189.0% of the current average market prices of same quantities of the conventional vegetables. Typically, consumers willing to pay premium prices are those with income generating employment, have trust in traders and care about the use of untreated wastewater for irrigation. These findings mean that consumers are generally willing to bear extra cost to secure consumption of safer vegetables, and avoid health-related risks associated with unsafe, conventional vegetables. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 823-834 Issue: 7 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1519062 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1519062 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:7:p:823-834 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1523827_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: O.O. Ojuri Author-X-Name-First: O.O. Author-X-Name-Last: Ojuri Author-Name: T.O. Ajijola Author-X-Name-First: T.O. Author-X-Name-Last: Ajijola Author-Name: I. I. Akinwumi Author-X-Name-First: I. I. Author-X-Name-Last: Akinwumi Title: Design of an engineered landfill as possible replacement for an existing dump at Akure, Nigeria Abstract: This work focuses on the design of an engineered (semi-aerobic) landfill in Akure with a view to encourage a shift from the use of a dumpsite, which despite its adverse environmental impact has remained the method of waste disposal in Nigeria. Topographic maps, population figures, per capita waste generation and laboratory geotechnical investigation provided some of the basis for the landfill design. The waste generation potential of Akure and the leachate generation and gas emission potentials of the landfill were estimated. The cumulative waste generation potential of the landfill over its 15 years life was estimated to be 5.89 × 106 m3 (2.18 × 109 kg) and the landfill will require a dimension of 935 m × 905 m × 10 m. The geotechnical tests revealed the proposed site will not yield under landfill loadings, while the hydraulic conductivity and consistency properties of the borrow pit soil samples show that they are suitable for use as liner materials. The design is composed of specifications for a liner, a capping system, leachate collection using a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe system, gas capture and monitoring systems against leachate and landfill gas migration from the landfill. This research work will form readily accessible reference material for the design of engineered landfill in developing countries. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 835-843 Issue: 7 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1523827 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1523827 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:7:p:835-843 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1527539_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: A. Buregyeya Author-X-Name-First: A. Author-X-Name-Last: Buregyeya Author-Name: S. Nwaubani Author-X-Name-First: S. Author-X-Name-Last: Nwaubani Author-Name: W. Schmidt Author-X-Name-First: W. Author-X-Name-Last: Schmidt Author-Name: A. G. Kerali Author-X-Name-First: A. G. Author-X-Name-Last: Kerali Author-Name: U. Bagampadde Author-X-Name-First: U. Author-X-Name-Last: Bagampadde Title: Pozzolanic and hydration properties of kamafugites and carbonatitic lavas as supplementary cementitious materials in Portland cement Abstract: Kamafugites and carbonatites, being materials of volcanic origin with carbonates as their primary minerals, are relatively low in silica and alumina saturation. Their silica and alumina under-saturation is considered a limiting factor in pozzolanic reactivity; however, these materials are currently being utilised as supplementary cementitious materials in Portland cement in Uganda. This paper presents the findings of an experimental study into their pozzolanic and hydration properties. Pastes and mortars made from cement samples blended with test kamafugites and carbonatites were studied for water demand, setting time, heat of hydration and strength development. Results show carbonatites and kamafugites, because of their low saturation of silica and alumina phases, to have less pronounced pozzolanic properties. The results also show no dependence on reactive silica content for pozzolanic performance after 28 days of curing. The kamafugites and carbonatites accelerated early heat of hydration, reduced setting time, and increased water demand. Although the carbonatites are currently utilized in blended Portland cement as natural pozzolans under the EN 197-1 and ASTM C618 cement standards, they do not meet the minimum composition requirement and volatile elements (LOI) demanded by these standards. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 845-859 Issue: 7 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1527539 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1527539 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:7:p:845-859 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1439277_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Daniel M. Madyira Author-X-Name-First: Daniel M. Author-X-Name-Last: Madyira Title: Cold storage for low-cost air-conditioning Abstract: Building heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) consumes 50% of the building energy consumption. Such high costs are based on the conventional HVAC cycles for air cooling based on grid connected buildings. However, there are alternative passive and active cold storage systems that can be used to reduce building HVAC costs for on grid systems and provide a solution for off-grid HVAC. Such systems depend on harnessing the night time cold and using it for day time air cooling. Such systems can be driven by a solar photovoltaic powered fan. Although there is no mechanism for humidity control to attain recommended conditions (40–60% relative humidity and 21–26°C dry bulb temperature), temperatures can be attained to improve indoor thermal comfort. This paper reports tests conducted in Johannesburg that demonstrate the potential of such technology under sub-tropical conditions. Tests were conducted for a phase change material with a melting point of 25°C for varying air flow rates and air temperature. The PCM was encapsulated in aluminium casing providing good thermal contact between the PCM and air. Although the tests were conducted on a special test rig, results demonstrated potential to reduce air temperature by 3°C before supplying into the conditioned space. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 861-866 Issue: 7 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1439277 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1439277 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:7:p:861-866 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_1439279_J.xml processed with: repec_from_tfjats.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Alexia J. Wensing Author-X-Name-First: Alexia J. Author-X-Name-Last: Wensing Author-Name: Enrico J. Wensing Author-X-Name-First: Enrico J. Author-X-Name-Last: Wensing Author-Name: Michelle Virgo Author-X-Name-First: Michelle Author-X-Name-Last: Virgo Title: Towards a core curriculum for civic engagement on appropriate technology: Characterizing, optimizing and mobilizing youth community service learning Abstract: Young learners represent a source of renewable energy that could benefit communities worldwide. While there are a growing number of isolated case examples of successful community engagement projects led by youth and their educators from around the world, a gap remains regarding a mechanism by which these projects can be connected to share best practices. In this article, we introduce a core curriculum for civic engagement (CC4CE) that can serve as a mechanism to bring various community engagement projects together through collaborative learning networks. The focus of an ongoing international research project, the primary objectives of the CC4CE are to (a) optimize school-led community improvement initiatives worldwide, (b) support youth and adult learning across academic disciplines and, (c) promote the development of 21st-century knowledge transfer skills. The design of the CC4CE is particularly suited for guiding community collaboration and implementation of appropriate technology through service learning. Interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research methods, and the discipline of Integration and Implementation Science are utilized to guide collaboration and teamwork within CC4CE networks and social action during community outreach. Development of the CC4CE seeks to empower learners with the skills and confidence needed to take-on the mounting social and environmental challenges of our time. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 867-877 Issue: 7 Volume: 10 Year: 2018 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2018.1439279 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2018.1439279 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:10:y:2018:i:7:p:867-877 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2062653_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Girma Woldemichael Adane Author-X-Name-First: Girma Woldemichael Author-X-Name-Last: Adane Author-Name: Abinet Tadesse Yennore Author-X-Name-First: Abinet Tadesse Author-X-Name-Last: Yennore Author-Name: Demissie Mamulo Hadero Author-X-Name-First: Demissie Mamulo Author-X-Name-Last: Hadero Title: Mini assessment of small-scale biogas technology practices, opportunities, and challenges in Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia Abstract: Rural households in Ethiopia are dependent on biomass for their energy needs, and this exacerbates deforestation. Therefore, building small-scale biogas is one of the means of abating these challenges. The objective of this study was to assess the practices, opportunities, and challenges of small-scale biogas technology dissemination in the Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia. To achieve this objective, fifty-six informants were selected from the seven districts of Hadiya Zone, and semi-structured questionnaires and field observations were used as the instruments to collect the data. This survey revealed that small-scale biogas technology in the study area is recent, and it needs certain requirements. Additionally, due to the stopped feeding, most of the biogas plants were non-functional. Likewise, analysis of variance indicated that there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) (p = 0.009) between the challenges that hinder the distribution of small-scale biogas technology. As a result, the high installation cost was taken as the main factor that affected its distribution. In addition, the presence of many cattle and optimum climate are among the important opportunities to expand biogas distribution in the study area. Therefore, farmers should use the available opportunity and minimize the challenges to increase the distribution of biogas technology in the study area. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 283-286 Issue: 3 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2022.2062653 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2022.2062653 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:3:p:283-286 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2115607_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Issah Baddianaah Author-X-Name-First: Issah Author-X-Name-Last: Baddianaah Author-Name: Bernard Nuoleyeng Baatuuwie Author-X-Name-First: Bernard Nuoleyeng Author-X-Name-Last: Baatuuwie Author-Name: Abdul-Moomin Adams Author-X-Name-First: Abdul-Moomin Author-X-Name-Last: Adams Title: Governance challenges in Ghana’s artisanal and small-scale mining (galamsey) sector: Is stakeholder interaction the way forward? Abstract: Artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) operations have surged in Ghana in recent years causing many environmental and social problems. The government has employed the military to eradicate illegal mining operations. However, despite the military’s countless efforts to clamp down on these illegal miners, it appears their involvement is not yielding the expected outcome. Several forms of collaboration and collusion are reported in the literature to have taken place between the illegal miners and the local stakeholders. However, little attention is given to how the interaction between the various stakeholders in the ASM sector can help remedy the galamsey menace. Drawing on the collaborative stakeholder participation perspective in natural resource governance and a qualitative research approach, this paper looks at the small-scale mining sector conundrum and how collaborative stakeholder engagement can contribute to transcending the problem. Results show that the collaboration between the stakeholders seldom involved key community actors like the chiefs and landlords in granting small-scale mining licences. We call for strong collaboration between the stakeholders as a good step to fighting illegal mining activities in Ghana. The study contributes to knowledge on enhancing collaborative mineral resource governance in developing countries. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 376-385 Issue: 3 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2022.2115607 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2022.2115607 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:3:p:376-385 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2117588_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Lavhelesani Mulibana Author-X-Name-First: Lavhelesani Author-X-Name-Last: Mulibana Author-Name: Ravinder Rena Author-X-Name-First: Ravinder Author-X-Name-Last: Rena Title: Establishing an understanding of the innovation process of informal micro-enterprises Abstract: Innovation has been discerned as a catalyst that enables firms to remain relevant and sustainable. In recent years, the innovation discipline has been extended to the informal sector. Nonetheless, to date little is known about the process that is followed by informal micro-enterprises to execute innovation activity in each innovation phase. Thus, this study sought to establish an understanding of the process that is followed by informal micro-enterprises to execute innovation activity in each innovation phase. The study adopted a mixed-methods research design to sequentially collect and analyze quantitative and qualitative data from informal micro-enterprises that are based in the townships of the Gauteng province. The study revealed that credible customer assemblies are used to acquire knowledge and information necessary to execute innovation activity and to test innovations before they are launched in the market. Moreover, while informal micro-enterprises mostly use internal resources to transform innovative ideas into innovations, coopetition relationships aid to foster open innovation and limit the strain on internal resources. The findings suggest that informal micro-enterprises innovate differently from formal small businesses and there is a need for researchers and the government to introduce policies and initiatives to enhance open innovation in the informal sector. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 399-410 Issue: 3 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2022.2117588 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2022.2117588 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:3:p:399-410 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2091421_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Dang Thi Viet Duc Author-X-Name-First: Dang Thi Viet Author-X-Name-Last: Duc Author-Name: Phuoc Van Nguyen Author-X-Name-First: Phuoc Van Author-X-Name-Last: Nguyen Title: ICT impact and firm size: Empirical results from Vietnam Abstract: This paper examines the effect of firm size on firms’ ICT adoption and productivity impact by running models for four size groups of 11,709 Vietnamese firms. The results reveal two main points. Firstly, the application of basic ICT is relatively comparable among firms of different sizes; however, there exists a considerable adoption gap in more advanced ICT solutions and employees’ ICT skills between medium-large firms and micro-small firms. Secondly, although ICT applications positively impact the productivity of Vietnamese firms in the whole sample, the impact of each group of ICT applications varies among firms of different sizes. Basic ICT applications can increase the productivity of micro firms while they cannot do the same for larger firms. In contrast, the application of sophisticated software solutions and employees’ ICT skills can push productivity for medium and large firms while having an insignificant impact on micro and small ones. Models running for a sub-sample of manufacturing firms confirm the results. These results provide implications for business executives and policymakers who regard the digital economy as a strategy for economic development. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 337-348 Issue: 3 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2022.2091421 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2022.2091421 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:3:p:337-348 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2090224_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Lere Amusan Author-X-Name-First: Lere Author-X-Name-Last: Amusan Author-Name: Samuel Oyewole Author-X-Name-First: Samuel Author-X-Name-Last: Oyewole Title: Precision agriculture and the prospects of space strategy for food security in Africa Abstract: Precision agriculture generally refers to the methods of crop, livestock and fish farming that are meant to eliminate or minimize uncertainty and maximize products with relative accuracy that matches predetermined expectations. Amidst these, the relevance of space assets such as satellites for remote sensing, navigation and communication in guaranteeing food security is increasingly gaining attention. This development cannot be ignored in Africa, a region that is infamously known as a hotspot of drought, famine, malnutrition and attendant death. Using a combination of post-colonial and modernization theories, this article examines the need for Africa to embrace, adopt and adapt space supported precision agriculture to address its enduring food production shortages and related insecurity. This study used a mixed-method to analyze data collected from secondary sources. Despite the involvement of over 50% of the population in agriculture, most African countries have a poor record of food production, because they rely on smallholdings with little technological support, making them vulnerable to food insecurity. Hence, there is an overriding need to adopt modern techniques, such as space supported precision agriculture that are relevant to overcome the challenges that continue to undermine food production capacities and potentials of the region. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 325-336 Issue: 3 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2022.2090224 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2022.2090224 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:3:p:325-336 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2058162_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Du Shigui Author-X-Name-First: Du Author-X-Name-Last: Shigui Title: No Brainers and Low-Hanging Fruit in National Climate Policy Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 411-413 Issue: 3 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2022.2058162 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2022.2058162 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:3:p:411-413 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2088046_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mezid Nasir Keraga Author-X-Name-First: Mezid Nasir Author-X-Name-Last: Keraga Author-Name: Mesele Araya Author-X-Name-First: Mesele Author-X-Name-Last: Araya Title: R&D, innovations, and firms’ productivity in Ethiopia Abstract: Evidence of how R&D, innovation and productivity are intertwined in African countries like Ethiopia is quite limited. This study provides empirical evidence on the relationship between R&D, innovations, and productivity for Ethiopian firms using two rounds of the World Bank’s Enterprise Survey dataset of year 2011 and 2015. We estimate firm-level productivity using a control function method, and the link between R&D, innovations, and productivity is estimated using the General Structural Equation Model (GSEM). We estimated for product and process innovations separately and jointly. The results show that innovations have a strong and positive impact on a firm’s productivity in all estimation methods. Thus, innovative firms are more productive than their counterparts. However, the effect of R&D on innovations is positive and significant in GSEM estimation but not in other estimation methods. The findings also show that skilled labour and financial accessibility are key driving forces behind firms’ engagement in R&D and innovative activities. Thus, there is a need to find a mechanism to promote firms’ engagement in knowledge production, and design appropriate policies to enhance firm-level innovation initiatives. This study contributes to developing countries’ empirical literature in terms of modelling the relationship between R&D, innovations, and firm productivity. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 311-324 Issue: 3 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2022.2088046 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2022.2088046 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:3:p:311-324 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2115605_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Bernadin Géraud Comlan Ahodode Author-X-Name-First: Bernadin Géraud Comlan Author-X-Name-Last: Ahodode Title: Evolution of innovation systems, economic growth, and sustainable competitiveness in Africa Abstract: This paper examines the systemic relationship between triple helix innovation systems and the gross domestic product per capita growth (GDPPC) in terms of sustainable competitiveness in Africa. To do this, the Generalized Moment Method on the panel vector autoregressive model is used to estimate helix models’ (triple helix, quadruple helix, quintuple helix, as well as the open quintuple helix, relative to external contributions) effects on GDPPC between 2007 and 2019 in 27 African countries, and causality tests completion as well. The results show 3 coevolution relationships resulting from the narrow innovation system, which is made up of the burden of government regulations, companies’ expenditures on research and development (R&D) as well as the quality of scientific research institutions. The system expansion (the broad innovation system) with the degree of consumer orientation and natural resource rents generate both 7 (respectively 3 and 4) coevolution relationships. Finally, the opening of the innovation system by considering the business impact of rules on foreign direct investment (BIFDI) alone, generates 5 coevolution relationships. So, in terms of overall sustainable competitiveness strategies in Africa, countries must focus on innovation system opening and natural resources exploitation to increase their GDPPC. Thus, this study fills the gap of a deficit in technological policy orientation on the relationships between innovation systems and sustainable competitiveness through economic growth in Africa. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 362-375 Issue: 3 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2022.2115605 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2022.2115605 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:3:p:362-375 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2088045_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: John Mangundu Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Mangundu Title: Information Communication technology governance practices in universities: A case study of a university of technology in Durban, South Africa Abstract: Information communication technologies (ICTs) have become an indispensable asset in the university environment. However, processes regarding ICT acquisition have become complicated as adoption of ICTs brings with it ICT risks, requiring ICT governance. ICT governance in a developing economy university context has not received much attention. Therefore, the objective of this present study is to investigate ICT governance implementation practices at a university in South Africa, in accordance with the traditional ICT governance model. The research followed quantitative research methods, to purposively sample forty academic and ICT decision-makers. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and frequency counts. Findings reveal existence of ICT governance in the university and an ICT governance implementation approach that is based on pragmatism, practicality, and prioritization mechanisms. Despite the availability of expensive, complex, and sophisticated ICT governance standards and frameworks on the market, the university implements ICT governance through controls that address the most critical ICT threats and risks to the university environment. This study suggests that the risk-based approach to ICT governance be advanced, as it strikes a balance between resource expenditure and risk management. Customized ICT frameworks and solutions need to be availed for implementation in public institutions like universities, as their operating environment and operational risks are unique. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 300-310 Issue: 3 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2022.2088045 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2022.2088045 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:3:p:300-310 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2116783_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Kgabo Hector Ramoroka Author-X-Name-First: Kgabo Hector Author-X-Name-Last: Ramoroka Title: Patterns of rural innovation processes along agro-processing value chains: The case of Mopani district, South Africa Abstract: Innovation is recognized as a critical driver and component of economic growth and development. While innovation is considered crucial to solve societal problems and create opportunities in rural areas, insufficient effort has gone into examining the nature of innovation processes as they unfold in rural areas. Consequently, our understanding of the patterns of innovation by rural-based enterprises remains limited. This study uses a qualitative approach to explore the patterns of rural innovation processes within two agro-processing enterprises in South Africa’s Mopani District Municipality. Data collection was conducted on-site using semi-structured interviews with a range of interviewees located along the agro-processing value chains of the enterprises. The analysis shows that enterprises increasingly engage in adoption and adaptation of different types of innovations. These innovations complement core business operations rather than completely change them. Rural innovation is predominant in non-R&D and non-technological areas such as commodity supply arrangements, production processes and marketing strategies. Our findings provide insights into the conditions that facilitate innovation. We suggest that innovation policy should strengthen and enhance existing local innovation capacity in rural areas. Future research on the origins and nature of rural innovation in emerging enterprises could incorporate large sample data to provide additional insight. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 386-398 Issue: 3 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2022.2116783 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2022.2116783 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:3:p:386-398 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2076579_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Grégory Mvogo Author-X-Name-First: Grégory Author-X-Name-Last: Mvogo Author-Name: Martin Ndzana Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Ndzana Author-Name: Honoré Bidiasse Author-X-Name-First: Honoré Author-X-Name-Last: Bidiasse Title: The determinants of the adoption of mobile money by small enterprises (SEs) in Douala, Cameroon Abstract: The purpose of this article is to analyze the factors that determine the decision to adopt mobile money by small Cameroonian enterprises, focusing on the profile of the manager and the sector of activity. From a random sample of 276 small businesses in Douala city, the estimation of a binomial logit model yielded the following results: economic benefits, ease of use and operational risk management are the factors that led to the adoption of mobile money by small enterprises (SEs). The importance of those varies according to the profile of the manager and the sector of activity. These results imply that SEs need to increase the adoption of mobile money in order to improve their performance. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 287-299 Issue: 3 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2022.2076579 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2022.2076579 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:3:p:287-299 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2115602_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Deborah Akatwetaba Author-X-Name-First: Deborah Author-X-Name-Last: Akatwetaba Author-Name: Basil Mugonola Author-X-Name-First: Basil Author-X-Name-Last: Mugonola Author-Name: Appolo Kasharu Author-X-Name-First: Appolo Author-X-Name-Last: Kasharu Author-Name: Daniel M. Okello Author-X-Name-First: Daniel M. Author-X-Name-Last: Okello Author-Name: Anthony Egeru Author-X-Name-First: Anthony Author-X-Name-Last: Egeru Title: Drivers of value addition and product upgrading to shea nuts by collectors in northern Uganda Abstract: This study assessed the factors associated with value addition and product upgrading of shea nut in northern Uganda. We adopted a cross-sectional research design using a multi-stage sampling approach and a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire to collect data from 252 respondents. The results show that 84% of shea nut collectors practise some level of value addition with 11.5% adding value to all of the shea nuts collected. Over 50% of the shea nut collectors had at least one value-added product with about 3% having four value-added products, the most common products being roasted kernel and crude butter (37.3%). Regression analysis revealed that level of value addition was significantly influenced by gender, age, land under shea cultivation, income, information access, association membership and spot marketing, while the number of value-added products was significantly influenced by age, household size, extension access, information access, association membership, informal marketing, formal marketing and location of shea collector. The findings imply that increasing shea value addition in terms of both proportions allocated to value addition and the number of value-added products require adopting a group approach to provision of value addition and shea processing information. Therefore, we recommend the need to encourage shea actors to form associations focused on value addition. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 349-361 Issue: 3 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2022.2115602 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2022.2115602 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:3:p:349-361 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2147630_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Correction Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 532-532 Issue: 4 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 06 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2022.2147630 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2022.2147630 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:4:p:532-532 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2129347_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Olugbenga Ayo Ojubanire Author-X-Name-First: Olugbenga Ayo Author-X-Name-Last: Ojubanire Author-Name: Hicham Sebti Author-X-Name-First: Hicham Author-X-Name-Last: Sebti Author-Name: Sabrina Berbain Author-X-Name-First: Sabrina Author-X-Name-Last: Berbain Title: Towards developing a national framework for industry 4.0 in African emerging economies Abstract: Unlike past industrial eras, the Fourth Industrial Revolution (industry 4.0) is accelerated and continues to gain momentum. While developed economies are making remarkable progress and contributing geometrically to the global value chain, African emerging economies have continued to grapple with multiple uncertainties regarding industry 4.0 implementation at all levels. The main objective of this study is to develop a macro-level framework for developing industry 4.0 initiatives in emerging economies of Africa. Using a systematic literature review protocol, industrial transformation initiatives from 22 of 25 leading economies were analyzed based on 12 thematic indicators. The result shows that industry 4.0 in leading economies is built on named strategic initiatives with clearly defined objectives, policy thrusts, funding models, and multi-stakeholder involvement and implementation plans. This implies that the industry 4.0 agenda in emerging economies requires bespoke industrial transformation initiatives driven by robust policy, industry, and research integration. This paper makes theoretical and practical contributions by putting forward a macro-level innovation adoption model – the ‘coopetitive triple helix model’ and a national framework for developing industrial transformation initiatives for African emerging economies, respectively. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 496-513 Issue: 4 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 06 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2022.2129347 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2022.2129347 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:4:p:496-513 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2124682_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Abhay S.D. Rajput Author-X-Name-First: Abhay S.D. Author-X-Name-Last: Rajput Author-Name: Sangeeta Sharma Author-X-Name-First: Sangeeta Author-X-Name-Last: Sharma Title: An exploratory study of Indian scientists’ perceptions of their roles and responsibilities in science communication Abstract: Different stakeholders worldwide expect scientists to play an active role in public engagement activities. Additionally, numerous studies and policy documents state that scientists should be accountable for fostering increased dialogue between science and society. However, there is still much uncertainty about how scientists think about their roles and responsibilities in communicating science to the public. A cross-sectional web-based survey of senior Indian scientists elicits intriguing insights into their perceptions and attitudes toward their roles and responsibilities in science communication. Based on 259 valid responses, empirical evidence suggests that most scientists believe they have a responsibility to communicate their research to the public and should play an active role in doing so. However, the majority wants science communication specialists or communication departments within research institutions to spearhead such efforts. Compared to previous research, a strong sense of responsibility for science communication is observed among scientists across national boundaries. The study discusses possible implications for current and future policies governing science communication by scientists, particularly for establishing scientists’ scientific social responsibility. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 415-428 Issue: 4 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 06 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2022.2124682 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2022.2124682 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:4:p:415-428 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2153981_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Asrat Mekonnen Gobachew Author-X-Name-First: Asrat Mekonnen Author-X-Name-Last: Gobachew Author-Name: Hans-Dietrich Haasis Author-X-Name-First: Hans-Dietrich Author-X-Name-Last: Haasis Author-Name: Eshetie Berhan Author-X-Name-First: Eshetie Author-X-Name-Last: Berhan Title: Case assessment and identification of pharmaceutical supply chain performance measures and metrics Abstract: A lot of attention has been paid to performance measurement during the past few decades. There are several reasons for utilizing performance measurement in a business, but the most important one is that, when done right, it will increase productivity. Productivity is crucial to a business’s capacity to compete and generate long-term profitability while providing required customer service. A firm will not last in the fierce business world of today if it cannot use its resources effectively to provide value for its consumers. This is especially important for public companies with limited public investments. The creation of adequate and completely usable performance assessment systems, or sets of measures, has, nevertheless, proven to be a very difficult process. This research has focused on the identification of key performance measures and metrics, on which there is still no common understanding. It focuses on identifying the outbound logistical aspect of the pharmaceutical supply chain’s performance measures and metrics. The study is mainly based on previous studies and opinions of the case company’s management staff. Based on a review of previous studies on and discussions with the management staff of the case company, performance measures for a pharmaceutical supply chain (focusing on inventory management and distribution activities) are identified and categorized into quality, time, financial, and productivity measures. Quality measures are observed to be the most crucial metric while assessing pharmaceutical supply chain performance. The case company’s management can utilize the study as a base to develop their own performance measurement system. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 524-531 Issue: 4 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 06 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2022.2153981 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2022.2153981 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:4:p:524-531 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2124689_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Vivek Kumar Singh Author-X-Name-First: Vivek Kumar Author-X-Name-Last: Singh Author-Name: Satya Swarup Srichandan Author-X-Name-First: Satya Swarup Author-X-Name-Last: Srichandan Author-Name: Rajesh Piryani Author-X-Name-First: Rajesh Author-X-Name-Last: Piryani Author-Name: Anurag Kanaujia Author-X-Name-First: Anurag Author-X-Name-Last: Kanaujia Author-Name: Sujit Bhattacharya Author-X-Name-First: Sujit Author-X-Name-Last: Bhattacharya Title: Google Scholar as a pointer to open full-text sources of research articles: A useful tool for researchers in regions with poor access to scientific literature Abstract: The access to knowledge is an important requirement for advancement of scientific and technological research and development of a country. Availability of resources is a crucial bottleneck for universities and colleges in developing countries. This leads to frequent use of pirate access sites like Sci-Hub by researchers. For instance, India has more than 900 universities and 40,000 colleges, and Africa has more than 1200 universities. Only a few of these institutions would have access to most of the research journals their scholars require. It is in this context that we tried to find out if there exist some resources which can provide links to open and free to download versions of scientific papers. Google Scholar, a heavily used resource for research article searches, is explored to see how effective it is in providing links to open access freely downloadable copies of scientific articles. The complete set of global scientific publications for the year 2016 are computationally analyzed through a web-mining approach, as an example, to see if Google Scholar is able to point to freely downloadable open text versions of scientific articles. Results show that Google Scholar points to full-text sources for about 69% of the articles queried, with about 43% of the articles having openly accessible full-texts. The results, thus, indicate that Google Scholar can be a useful tool for locating open access full-text versions of close to about half of the scientific articles of the world, which has special significance for under-developed and developing countries. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 450-457 Issue: 4 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 06 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2022.2124689 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2022.2124689 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:4:p:450-457 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2129343_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Jeffin Thomas Mammen Author-X-Name-First: Jeffin Thomas Author-X-Name-Last: Mammen Author-Name: M Rugmini Devi Author-X-Name-First: M Author-X-Name-Last: Rugmini Devi Author-Name: R Girish Kumar Author-X-Name-First: R Author-X-Name-Last: Girish Kumar Title: North–South digital divide: A comparative study of personal and positional inequalities in USA and India Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic created one of the biggest disruptions in human life. We were all confined within the walls of our homes or offices with day-to-day life worldwide seriously affected. In this context, access to and efficient use of technology determined the course of daily life for vast sections of the world’s population. However, there was (and still is) a severe pre-existing global divide between the Global North and Global South vis-à-vis digital access. This paper attempts to understand this digital divide and how it has widened during the pandemic in the Global North and Global South with reference to India and the United States (US). This is initiated by analyzing certain factors within each country, namely positional and personal categorical inequalities. Through the cases of the US and India, the authors conclude that the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the global digital divide between the two worlds, affecting core social sectors like education and health. The larger implication of this is a broadening inequality between the Global North and Global South in leading development indicators like the Human Development Index. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 482-495 Issue: 4 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 06 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2022.2129343 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2022.2129343 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:4:p:482-495 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2124686_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Sayeda Zeenat Maryam Author-X-Name-First: Sayeda Zeenat Author-X-Name-Last: Maryam Author-Name: Ashfaq Ahmed Author-X-Name-First: Ashfaq Author-X-Name-Last: Ahmed Author-Name: Syed Waqar Haider Author-X-Name-First: Syed Waqar Author-X-Name-Last: Haider Author-Name: Tasneem Akhter Author-X-Name-First: Tasneem Author-X-Name-Last: Akhter Title: Explicating the adoption of an innovation Fintech Value Chain Financing from Aarti (Middlemen) perspective in Pakistan Abstract: In the wake of the 2008 global financial crisis, the Fintech industry and Islamic banking were striving to fill the existing void through innovation and different business approaches. Losing trust in conventional banking, advancement of technology and internet globally, and customers craving for trustworthy and reliable financial systems are the main incentives of expansion and growth of Fintech and Islamic Finance. In view of this growth, the current study tests the adoption of the novel mechanism Fintech Value Chain Financing (FVCF) using Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model among potential users, Aarti (middlemen) in the agriculture sector. A cross-sectional self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted; 500 questionnaires were distributed following purposive sampling to collect data for analysis. Findings revealed that perceived benefits expectancy, perceived efforts expectancy, perceived credibility, anxiety, and consumer innovativeness are strong predictors of adoption of FVCF. This study is pioneer in its kind. The study’s contribution to the literature is a newly operationalized instrument for the constructs along with other variables that extend the UTAUT model and the findings provide new insights to consider the UTAUT model to segregate organization based variables. This study is beneficial for the practitioners in Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) to update the financial system by using the FVCF. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 429-439 Issue: 4 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 06 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2022.2124686 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2022.2124686 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:4:p:429-439 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2125594_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Fatemeh Ghardashi Author-X-Name-First: Fatemeh Author-X-Name-Last: Ghardashi Author-Name: Maryam Yaghoubi Author-X-Name-First: Maryam Author-X-Name-Last: Yaghoubi Author-Name: Ehsan Teymourzadeh Author-X-Name-First: Ehsan Author-X-Name-Last: Teymourzadeh Author-Name: Mohammadkarim Bahadori Author-X-Name-First: Mohammadkarim Author-X-Name-Last: Bahadori Author-Name: Mahmood Salesi Author-X-Name-First: Mahmood Author-X-Name-Last: Salesi Title: The innovation capability model in higher education: A structural equation modelling approach Abstract: Innovation is the driving force of the knowledge-based economy. The maintenance and sustainability of this innovation depend on the ability to innovate. The present study was a combination design with a structural equation model approach. First, using a qualitative method, an operational definition of innovation capability and its initial framework in Iranian universities of medical sciences were presented by 10 experts. The scale development was performed through a literature review, a qualitative approach, and interviews with an expert panel. Then, the psychometric properties of the scale were evaluated via cross-sectional studies. Scale correlation, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were performed using Amos software version 23. Qualitative data analysis led to the extraction of eight main themes which comprised the initial format of the study model. Quantitative phase findings and calculations of the fit indices of the measurement model showed that the model was suitable. Notably, the goodness fitness index (RMSEA), CFI index, and Chi-2/df ratio were 0.065, 0.917, 2.063, respectively. It is strongly recommended that this model is used for the development of Iranian universities of medical sciences. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 473-481 Issue: 4 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 06 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2022.2125594 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2022.2125594 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:4:p:473-481 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2149041_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: S. A. Manteaw Author-X-Name-First: S. A. Author-X-Name-Last: Manteaw Author-Name: B. Y. Folitse Author-X-Name-First: B. Y. Author-X-Name-Last: Folitse Author-Name: S. Mahama Author-X-Name-First: S. Author-X-Name-Last: Mahama Author-Name: E. Wahaga Author-X-Name-First: E. Author-X-Name-Last: Wahaga Title: Sources of agricultural extension information and farmers’ willingness to pay for the information: Evidence from small-scale pineapple farmers in south-eastern Ghana Abstract: This paper examines sources, preferred format and language of agricultural extension information and the willingness of pineapple farmers to pay for the information. It is based on analysis of data collected using the structured interview schedule method administered on 132 small-scale pineapple farmers randomly selected from 14 communities in the Akuapem South District of south-eastern Ghana. Agricultural extension agents (96.7%), cooperative societies (83.3%), colleague farmers (70%) and platforms offered by workshops and training sessions (63.3%) were identified as predominant sources of agricultural extension information. Besides, the study showed that 40.9% of farmers were willing to pay for such services, with 28.8% expressing their unwillingness. The results of a chi-square analysis showed a significant relationship between pineapple farmers’ willingness to pay for agricultural extension information with respect to sex, age, educational level, household size, years of experience, farm size, and position in the society. However, marital status and membership of cooperative societies of pineapple farmers were not significant (at ρ ≤ 0.05) and therefore did not affect the pineapple farmers’ willingness to pay for such services. The paper makes a strong case for policy direction that deepens private sector participation and supports a more balanced public-private-partnership arrangement for extension delivery. This may stimulate pluralistic extension delivery, introduce a lot more diversity and enhance farmer acceptance of the need to invest in extension information. This study represents the first-ever study in Ghana on willingness to pay for extension information that focuses exclusively on producers of a horticultural commodity (small-scale pineapple farmers) with their distinguishing characteristic features. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 514-523 Issue: 4 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 06 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2022.2149041 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2022.2149041 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:4:p:514-523 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2124938_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Justina Adwoa Onumah Author-X-Name-First: Justina Adwoa Author-X-Name-Last: Onumah Author-Name: Felix Ankomah Asante Author-X-Name-First: Felix Ankomah Author-X-Name-Last: Asante Author-Name: Robert Darko Osei Author-X-Name-First: Robert Darko Author-X-Name-Last: Osei Author-Name: Peter Asare-Nuamah Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Asare-Nuamah Title: Do farmer-actor interactions in the agricultural innovation system drive technological innovation adoption in Ghana? Abstract: The low level of technological innovation adoption among farmers has been a development concern. However, not much attention has been paid to how agricultural innovation system actors contribute to the adoption of technological innovations among farmers. This paper, therefore, analyzed the factors that drive the adoption of technological innovations using the agricultural innovation system concept. The study adopted a mixed method approach where qualitative data from focus group discussions were used to triangulate findings obtained from the quantitative data analyzed. A two-period panel data of 3486 observations of randomly sampled agricultural households across Ghana was analyzed using descriptive statistics and the multinomial logit regression model. Findings showed that farmers with strong ties in the innovation system had a higher probability of adopting multiple sets of innovations, compared to those with weaker linkages. Platforms that encourage actor interactions such as innovation platforms should be strengthened to increase the innovative performance of smallholder farmers. This study is one of the few that have quantified the effect the agricultural innovation system has on the adoption of innovations and hence makes a positive contribution to the budding literature regarding the importance of unpacking actor interactions whilst considering a holistic inquiry of the agricultural innovation system. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 458-472 Issue: 4 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 06 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2022.2124938 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2022.2124938 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:4:p:458-472 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2124688_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: John Dadzie Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Dadzie Author-Name: Goitseone Buccah Sebitla Author-X-Name-First: Goitseone Buccah Author-X-Name-Last: Sebitla Author-Name: Goran Runeson Author-X-Name-First: Goran Author-X-Name-Last: Runeson Title: Materials selection and installation decisions for sustainable upgrade of existing structures: Case study of Ghana Abstract: The negative effects of construction on the environment have been acknowledged all over the world. Materials and technologies are developed regularly to help address challenges posed by rising populations and related energy demands and emissions. The purpose of this study is to investigate decisions that influence materials selection for sustainable upgrade of existing structures and identify the extent to which environmental factors are applied. The study adopted a quantitative approach that involved an extensive literature review and a survey questionnaire randomly distributed to professionals in the construction industry as a way of identifying innovative sustainable upgrade decisions. A Mann-Whitey U test analysis was applied to establish decisions affecting materials selection. The results show materials selection decisions for sustainable upgrade of existing structures are focused on cost and physical properties including demand for materials, cost of sustainable upgrade, colour and texture of construction materials. Policy decisions and implementation strategies are required to improve environmental sustainability, and thereby reduce the negative effects of construction on the climate. Environmental considerations do not influence decisions on materials selection as much as cost, physical and aesthetics factors. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 440-449 Issue: 4 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 06 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2022.2124688 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2022.2124688 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:4:p:440-449 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2174754_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Paul Orsot-Dessi Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Orsot-Dessi Author-Name: Arvind Ashta Author-X-Name-First: Arvind Author-X-Name-Last: Ashta Author-Name: Surender Mor Author-X-Name-First: Surender Author-X-Name-Last: Mor Title: The determinants of the intention to use autonomous vehicles Abstract: This study measures the relative importance of the determinants of the intentions to use autonomous vehicles. We hypothesize that the intention to use is influenced by perceived usefulness and perceived ease and that the perceived usefulness will be determined by driving pleasure and psychological ownership. The perceived risk may also negatively affect the intention to use autonomous vehicles. We also hypothesize that an external variable, public transportation, will too influence psychological ownership and the intention to use. We integrate this in a modified Technological Acceptance model. We use an online questionnaire to collect data. Based on our sample, we find that public transportation availability is not related to the intention to use and that psychological ownership is not associated with perceived ease of use. The significant direct relationships are that intention to use autonomous vehicles is influenced positively by psychological ownership, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use, and negatively by psychological driving pleasure and perceived risk. The primary recommendations for manufacturers of vehicles would be to indicate that the autonomous vehicle is not risky or that its risk is considerably less than that of a human-driven vehicle. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 650-660 Issue: 5 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2174754 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2174754 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:5:p:650-660 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2156026_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Agathe Fonkam Author-X-Name-First: Agathe Author-X-Name-Last: Fonkam Title: Determinants of technology-intensive exports: The case of African countries, 1995–2017 Abstract: An extensive literature has investigated the driving forces behind high-technology exports, but most studies focus on developed countries and developing countries outside Africa. The purpose of this paper is to assess the main factors determining export-oriented technological change, using the technological content of exports (high-tech, medium-tech and low-tech exports) as a proxy. For this purpose, instrumental variable regressions are applied to a panel dataset of 33 African countries. The findings revealed that the main determinants of high-technology exports are: imports of components, rule of law, human capital, FDI inflows, GDP per capita and manufacturing. For medium-technology exports, the determinants identified are similar to high-technology exports with population included. The main determinants of low-technology manufactured exports are imports of components, rule of law, population, FDI inflows, GDP per capita and manufacturing. These give policymakers in African countries a targeted approach in formulating policies related to exports by technological category. This paper contributes to the literature in that it assesses the main factors determining export-oriented technological change, using different levels of technological content of exports (high-tech, medium-tech and low-tech exports). Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 568-579 Issue: 5 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2022.2156026 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2022.2156026 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:5:p:568-579 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2157787_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Dubale Abate Author-X-Name-First: Dubale Author-X-Name-Last: Abate Author-Name: Henoke Tesfaye Author-X-Name-First: Henoke Author-X-Name-Last: Tesfaye Author-Name: Metadel Kassaw Author-X-Name-First: Metadel Author-X-Name-Last: Kassaw Author-Name: Yonnas Addis Author-X-Name-First: Yonnas Author-X-Name-Last: Addis Author-Name: Habtamu Mossie Author-X-Name-First: Habtamu Author-X-Name-Last: Mossie Title: Impact of adopting the climate-smart crop varieties on food security in southwestern Ethiopia Abstract: Climate-smart crop varieties (CSV) are vital in improving food security by enhancing productivity while reducing problems of climate change. However, there is a low adoption of these varieties by the farmers in the study area due to lack of awareness of their impact on food security. Therefore, this study was designed to analyze their impact on food security in southwestern Ethiopia. The data were collected from 385 randomly selected sample households using a semi-structured questionnaire. Both descriptive and econometric analyses were used to analyze the data. The propensity score matching (PSM) model was used to evaluate the impact of climate-smart crop varieties on food security. Descriptive analysis showed that about 59.74% of the respondents were adopters of climate-smart crop varieties. The PSM analysis result revealed that the adoption of climate-smart crop varieties had a significant positive impact on food security. This implies that the likelihood of being food secure would increase by a factor of 0.8 if the climate-smart crop varieties were adopted. Therefore, developing and disseminating the climate-smart crop varieties at the right time through educational improvement (strengthening collaboration) and allocating land for their development is suggested for policymakers to improve food security. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 590-598 Issue: 5 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2022.2157787 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2022.2157787 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:5:p:590-598 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2155098_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Khadijat O. Olanrewaju Author-X-Name-First: Khadijat O. Author-X-Name-Last: Olanrewaju Author-Name: Olaide K. Akintunde Author-X-Name-First: Olaide K. Author-X-Name-Last: Akintunde Author-Name: Moshood A. Popoola Author-X-Name-First: Moshood A. Author-X-Name-Last: Popoola Author-Name: Ahmed O. Busari Author-X-Name-First: Ahmed O. Author-X-Name-Last: Busari Author-Name: Moses O. Omotosho Author-X-Name-First: Moses O. Author-X-Name-Last: Omotosho Title: Towards the digitalization of poultry industry in Nigeria: An investigation of farmers’ knowledge and practices Abstract: The array of digital technologies portends huge significance for up-scaling poultry enterprises for optimized efficiency and productivity. The study investigated poultry farmers’ knowledge and the technicality of their practices concerning digital technologies. Members of the Poultry Farmers Association of Nigeria (PFAN) in Osun State capital, Osogbo were randomly sampled during their periodic meetings for data collection. Through the administration of well-structured questionnaires, data collected from a total of 136 farmers were employed for the study. The collected data were analyzed with descriptive and multivariate regression analyses. Many (78.7%) had poor knowledge of the use of 3D printers for machine repairs and only 12.5% had good knowledge of blockchain technology for product tracking in the supply chain. Most poultry enterprise operations were serviced manually by farmworkers while only 18.4% facilitated record-keeping with computers. Farmers’ knowledge and practices in digital poultry management (R2 = 0.61, 0.59) were significantly influenced by the enterprise characteristics like labour strength (b = 1.97, b = 1.09). In conclusion, technological and digitalization lag remains in the poultry industry and this is espoused within the confines of the predominant small-scale enterprise features. Thus, research and development (R&D) should be policy-guided to enable poultry farmers’ sensitization and empowerment with locally adapted and socio-economically appropriate digital technologies. This reveals the incapacitated diffusion of the widely available digital technologies to infiltrate grassroots poultry systems. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 562-567 Issue: 5 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2022.2155098 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2022.2155098 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:5:p:562-567 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2154632_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Craig Andrew Duff Author-X-Name-First: Craig Andrew Author-X-Name-Last: Duff Author-Name: Jan Hendrik Dubery Author-X-Name-First: Jan Hendrik Author-X-Name-Last: Dubery Title: Cross-disciplinary meaning and language for innovation in a business context: A conceptual paper Abstract: In this conceptual work, we describe cross-disciplinary meaning and language related to the innovation phenomenon located in a business context. Our work attempts to find common meaning and language for innovation that can be applied across all business innovation projects irrespective of the business discipline, and to synthesize these common terms into an innovation communication and planning tool. The objective of providing a common meaning and language for innovation is to give practitioners, researchers, and stakeholders a shared communication platform, and common language and meaning that assist incumbents to discuss and collaborate during innovation projects without the boundaries created by siloed, nuanced, and discipline-specific understandings. The outcome of the paper is a conceptual framework and canvas tool constructed from universal meaning and language for business innovation with the aim of providing a set of common questions that business practitioners could ask during times of innovation. Furthermore, the Business Innovation Canvas provides new directions for future study and the development of tools that take advantage of common meaning and language to aid innovation practitioners and researchers. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 547-561 Issue: 5 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2022.2154632 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2022.2154632 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:5:p:547-561 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2173909_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: O. A. K’Akumu Author-X-Name-First: O. A. Author-X-Name-Last: K’Akumu Title: What is the motivation? The political economy of engineers regulation in Kenya Abstract: Regulation is usually justified by the public interest in theory but in practice may end up serving special interests. This paper evaluates the regulatory frameworks for engineers and engineering technologists in Kenya with the view to establishing whether they take the public interest into consideration or only other special interests. Taking public interest into account is necessary to foster development and avoid regulatory conflicts. The study used qualitative document analysis (QDA) to collect and analyze the documentary data available in relevant statutes, namely the Engineers Registration Act (1969–2012), the Engineers Act (from 2012), and the Engineering Technology Act, as well as the Auditor-General’s annual reports. The main aim of the study is to establish whether the regulators are motivated by public interest or not. The findings are that public interest is not the main goal because regulators focus on non-regulatory activities such as business investments, there is capture of regulatory instruments by the regulator, there is limited inclusion of other actors in the regulatory operations, there is engagement in extraprofessional activities with the risk of distraction from the core mandate of professional regulation, there is budgeting for excess funds, a lack of clear definition of the public interest in the relevant sections of the statute. The findings confirm pursuit of special interests by the regulators, rather than the public interest. The main contribution of the study is that in developing and African countries, regulatory mechanism of professions can be captured by the regulators to further narrow or special interests, just as it happens with the regulation of businesses. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 637-649 Issue: 5 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2173909 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2173909 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:5:p:637-649 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2159283_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Emmanuel Selemani Shindika Author-X-Name-First: Emmanuel Selemani Author-X-Name-Last: Shindika Author-Name: Priviledge Cheteni Author-X-Name-First: Priviledge Author-X-Name-Last: Cheteni Title: Assessment of retrained public service employees for effective performance: a professional development myth Abstract: The public sector necessitates the development of public service managers’ competencies. However, this need has received far too little attention, particularly in terms of stakeholder management and service delivery. The case study method was used to interview seven public managers from the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Thematic analysis revealed the following findings: insufficient education and training in public institutions, insufficient capacity building, and an insufficient comprehensive professional development mandate to address these issues. The study recommends that the government strengthen the capacity of managers in various departments in order to improve professional development and service delivery. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 599-605 Issue: 5 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2022.2159283 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2022.2159283 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:5:p:599-605 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2157786_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mourine Achieng Author-X-Name-First: Mourine Author-X-Name-Last: Achieng Author-Name: Ephias Ruhode Author-X-Name-First: Ephias Author-X-Name-Last: Ruhode Title: Context-based factors that influence healthcare information system implementation in resource-constrained public hospitals Abstract: Technology-based interventions in healthcare are often anticipated to improve the quality of healthcare services. These expectations are based on a perceived belief in the ability of technology to alleviate some of the challenges associated with manual, paper-based healthcare service delivery. As a result, the drive to implement healthcare technology has gained significant traction in recent years. Unfortunately, the implementation efforts of most health-related technologies have been tainted with several challenges such as fragmentation, lack of interoperability, and co-ordination. As a result, data management and health-related information dissemination across various levels of healthcare systems have been jeopardized. The objective of this study is to identify context-based factors that influence healthcare information systems (IS) implementation in resource-constrained public hospitals. The emphasis is on the public healthcare landscape in South Africa. A qualitative methodological approach was employed. Semi-structured interviews with purposively sampled participants in a public healthcare hospital provided primary data. The findings indicate that factors such as implementation of policies, planning and support strategies, and analysis of healthcare IS’s fitness for purpose in healthcare workflows processes influence successful healthcare IS implementation. Addressing these factors is critical if public healthcare hospitals are to realise fully the transformative potential of technology-based interventions. The contributions made in this paper may be useful to the relevant government bodies, policymakers and other stakeholders interested in advancing adequate healthcare service delivery using healthcare IS. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 580-589 Issue: 5 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2022.2157786 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2022.2157786 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:5:p:580-589 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2173403_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mhlambululi Mafu Author-X-Name-First: Mhlambululi Author-X-Name-Last: Mafu Title: Technology transfer as a catalyst for effective university-industry collaboration in Botswana Abstract: The university-industry contractual research collaborations to solve complex problems jointly and create social and economic impact have long existed. Technology Transfer Offices (TTOs) constitute formal technology intermediaries established to strengthen university-industry collaborations. However, the differences in needs and capabilities, individual and organizational backgrounds, and innovative learning modes inhibit effective partnerships. We develop a conceptual framework that explains how TTOs can catalyze these collaborations in Botswana. We use the grounded theory approach to examine the TTOs’ challenges and opportunities in strengthening university-industry linkages. Notably, we employ inductive analysis to synthesize interview data and analyze it using domain analysis and componential analysis. Data were extracted from the university and industry policies and documents and interviews with 102 participants from two universities (42.2%) and three industry firms (57.8%) involved in technology transfer. We found 71.6% had excellent knowledge and experience and 28.4% had varying degrees of experience. While individual or independent consultancies (44.1%) lead, TTOs facilitate collaboration through contractual research agreements (32.4%), technology licensing (22.5%), and joint ventures (10.8%). This demonstrates entities' significant access to each other's financial and technological resources. This allows entities to generate new knowledge, equip each other with tools and competencies required to produce commercial products and new revenue streams. Most significantly, while Botswana has displayed remarkable progress toward strengthening its institutional support systems for technology transfer and commercialization, there is a shortage of IP expertise at universities and industries, possibly leading to low levels of IP awareness. Also, most institutions have incomplete IP strategies, and there is inadequate administration and enforcement of intellectual property rights systems at the national level, possibly contributing to low national IP filings. Therefore, we recommend entities fully engage in vigorous IP activities, review and finalize their IP policies and make them flexible yet equitably based on the needs of the collaborating industry firms. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 606-623 Issue: 5 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2173403 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2173403 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:5:p:606-623 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2153982_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Matolwandile M. Mtotywa Author-X-Name-First: Matolwandile M. Author-X-Name-Last: Mtotywa Author-Name: Charles Kekana Author-X-Name-First: Charles Author-X-Name-Last: Kekana Title: Post COVID-19 online shopping in South Africa: A mediation analysis of customer satisfaction on e-service quality and purchase intention Abstract: The study investigated the dynamics of online shopping focusing on mediation analysis of customer satisfaction on e-service quality and purchase intention. The study used a cross-sectional quantitative method where 324 responses were collected through a self-administered online survey questionnaire from South African consumers. The findings revealed that system availability, efficiency, responsiveness, fulfilment, privacy and compensation can be collectively used to measure electronic service dimensions in online shopping. These dimensions have a statistically significant relationship with purchase intention, while customer satisfaction has a mediation effect on the relationship. Customer satisfaction has a full mediation effect on the relationship between electronic service quality dimensions, compensation and privacy and trust with purchase intention and partial mediation between electronic service quality dimensions, responsiveness, efficiency and system availability with purchase intention. These findings inform businesses that are using online shopping platforms and assist them in prioritizing their resources. The contribution of the research is the use of the value-percept paradigm that is enhanced by importance-analysis within customer satisfaction as a mediator on e-service quality and purchase intention. This underpins the importance of customers’ values and, more importantly, a ‘customized’ customer, where ‘one size fit all’ is diminishing during the time of technological advances. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 533-546 Issue: 5 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2022.2153982 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2022.2153982 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:5:p:533-546 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2173864_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Evans Sakyi Boadu Author-X-Name-First: Evans Sakyi Author-X-Name-Last: Boadu Author-Name: Isioma Ile Author-X-Name-First: Isioma Author-X-Name-Last: Ile Title: Evaluation innovation in Africa: Towards indigenously responsive evaluation (IRE) philosophies, methods and practices in Ghana Abstract: Evaluation within an indigenous society is a social activity. Thus, it requires both tangible and intangible or hidden factors such as cultural values, norms, communal relational structures, power dynamics, attitudes, consensus-building, community aspirations, empowerment and other practical knowledge to develop an inclusive evaluation framework. Utilizing a culturally responsive evaluation (CRE) approach, this study examined evaluative instincts rooted in indigenous values, relational patterns, knowledge systems and other cultural realities. Indigenous evaluation impulse exists in native ideas, social structures and other cultural realities but could these indigenous evaluative impulses augment and shape contemporary evaluation philosophies, approaches and practices in Ghana? The study observed that there are several tangible and intangible evaluative dimensions that are deeply-rooted in cultural values, maxims, norms and other social patterns within the indigenous communities. Consequently, comparable dimensions could be advanced and established in the present evaluation research to add further depth and rigour to the study in this field. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 624-636 Issue: 5 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2173864 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2173864 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:5:p:624-636 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2192630_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Olaide K. Akintunde Author-X-Name-First: Olaide K. Author-X-Name-Last: Akintunde Author-Name: Khadijat O. Olanrewaju Author-X-Name-First: Khadijat O. Author-X-Name-Last: Olanrewaju Author-Name: Timothy O. Agboola Author-X-Name-First: Timothy O. Author-X-Name-Last: Agboola Author-Name: Ahmed O. Busari Author-X-Name-First: Ahmed O. Author-X-Name-Last: Busari Title: Gender disparity in livelihood diversification among rural households in Osogbo Agricultural Development Programme (ADP) Zone of Osun State, Nigeria Abstract: Livelihood diversification is a coping strategy that functions as a cushioning effect owing to dwindling income from agriculture. This study examined the significant differences in income between males and females before and after livelihood diversification. The multi-stage sampling procedure was employed to select the respondents. Data were collected through the administration of well-structured questionnaires and were analyzed using both descriptive and multiple regression analyses. The mean annual income of male and female household heads before livelihood diversification was N195,200 ± 4,135 and N220,203 ± 5,300, respectively, while annual income after livelihood diversification averaged N206,195 ± 6,540 and N275,105 ± 4,100 for male and female, respectively. Age (p < 0.01) and years of formal education (p < 0.05) both had positive influence, and farm size (p < 0.01) which was negative were the determinants of livelihood diversification among males. The determinants of livelihood diversification of females were age (p < 0.05) which was negative, while positive factors included household size (p < 0.05), and access to credit (p < 0.01). It was concluded that livelihood diversification increased the earnings of the rural dwellers, with females earning higher marginal incomes than their male counterparts. The study, therefore, recommended that government policy focus on assistance for female rural dwellers in credit accessibility should be strengthened. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 796-803 Issue: 6 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2192630 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2192630 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:6:p:796-803 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2178773_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Manana Mamabolo Author-X-Name-First: Manana Author-X-Name-Last: Mamabolo Author-Name: Petronella Chaminuka Author-X-Name-First: Petronella Author-X-Name-Last: Chaminuka Author-Name: Charles Machethe Author-X-Name-First: Charles Author-X-Name-Last: Machethe Title: District analysis of poverty dynamics in rural South Africa Abstract: Persistent poverty is a major developmental challenge for South Africa and has multifaceted dimensions. This paper profiled and investigated poverty transitions among rural households in 22 district municipalities in South Africa. Foster-Greer-Thorbecke indices were applied to panel data from the National Income Dynamics Study from 2008 to 2017. Findings indicate that poverty levels varied across districts and poverty was most prevalent in Zululand, OR Tambo and Sisonke districts. Furthermore, districts with high poverty rates also had high poverty gap ratios. Poverty transition analyses revealed that in 82% of the districts, poverty declined between 2008 and 2017, while it increased in 13% of the districts. This transition was not mirrored between waves, with the majority of households remaining in the same poverty status between waves. The study recommends that these traditional rural districts be a major focus of poverty alleviation efforts. The role of the state in providing stability to combat poverty is encouraged through promotion of higher education. Additionally, support for agriculture as a business is also recommended. Collaborations between district municipalities and provincial departments of agriculture could facilitate this. The study adds to existing literature by providing insights from disaggregated profile and analysis of rural poverty in district municipalities. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 690-704 Issue: 6 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2178773 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2178773 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:6:p:690-704 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2187930_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Belle Fille Murorunkwere Author-X-Name-First: Belle Fille Author-X-Name-Last: Murorunkwere Author-Name: Dominique Haughton Author-X-Name-First: Dominique Author-X-Name-Last: Haughton Author-Name: Joseph Nzabanita Author-X-Name-First: Joseph Author-X-Name-Last: Nzabanita Author-Name: Francis Kipkogei Author-X-Name-First: Francis Author-X-Name-Last: Kipkogei Author-Name: Ignace Kabano Author-X-Name-First: Ignace Author-X-Name-Last: Kabano Title: Predicting tax fraud using supervised machine learning approach Abstract: With the advancement in technology, the tax base in Rwanda has become broader, and as a result, tax fraud is growing. Depending on the dataset used, fraud detection experts and researchers have used different methods to identify questionable cases. This paper aims to predict features of tax fraud using the most robust supervised machine-learning model. This research provides a context where a fraud expert can use a machine-learning model, and an implemented model offers instant feedback to the fraud expert. We evaluate supervised machine learning models such as Artificial Neural Network, Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest, GaussianNB and XGBoost. Based on different evaluation metrics, Artificial Neural Network was the most robust model for predicting tax fraud. Findings reveal that the time of business that indicates the difference in time from when a business started and the time it was audited, the domestic businesses, taxpayers who import and export goods, those with no losses, those whose businesses are located in the eastern province, and those registered on withholding and Value Added Tax types are more susceptible to tax fraud. This study is among the few to evaluate the effectiveness of multiple supervised machine-learning models for identifying tax fraud factors on an accurate data set with numerous tax types. The evidence generated in the current study will serve as a valuable tool for both tax policymakers and auditors, as well as for enhancing awareness of more robust methods for predicting tax fraud. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 731-742 Issue: 6 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2187930 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2187930 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:6:p:731-742 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2190258_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Kabir Musa Shuaib Author-X-Name-First: Kabir Musa Author-X-Name-Last: Shuaib Author-Name: Zhen He Author-X-Name-First: Zhen Author-X-Name-Last: He Title: Moderating role of organizational culture in the relationship between total quality management and organizational innovation among manufacturing SMEs in Nigeria Abstract: Previous studies on the total quality management and innovation relationship have had mixed findings. We predict that organizational culture could moderate the relationship between total quality management and organizational innovation. The study collected empirical data from 433 small and medium-sized enterprises in Lagos, Nigeria. Structural equation modelling–partial least squares were used to test the conceptualized model to determine the examined relationship with a moderating effect of organizational culture, customer relation, and employee relations that were positively and significantly related to innovation. However, management leadership was found to be negatively related to innovation. Organizational culture positively and significantly moderates the relationship between continuous improvement, management leadership and innovation, while it had a positive but insignificant moderating role on the relationship between employee relation and innovation. The study contributes to a better understanding of how organizations adopt a combination of cultural components to achieve total quality management and innovation performance. The study concludes that organizational culture interacts with continuous improvement and management leadership to influence positively the innovation performance of SMEs in Nigeria. The findings imply that the model of this study can be used in management literature as empirical evidence for selecting the critical elements for total quality management implementation and innovative culture. Using an extended method of analysis such as the importance performance map analysis to establish the direct and indirect relationships has provided the methodological rigor required for theory confirmation. Finally, the study made a significant contribution to the existing literature through testing and proving of the moderating role of organizational culture in the underlying relationship using empirical evidence. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 743-766 Issue: 6 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2190258 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2190258 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:6:p:743-766 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2190260_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Samuel Godadaw Ayinaddis Author-X-Name-First: Samuel Godadaw Author-X-Name-Last: Ayinaddis Title: Workplace factors that influence creativity and innovation in micro and small scale enterprises: Enterprise level analysis Abstract: This study examines the influence of workplace factors on creativity and innovation in micro and small enterprises (MSEs). The study is based on the componential model of organizational creativity to confirm the determinants of creativity of MSEs in the workplace setting. The study employed a quantitative research approach and a cross-sectional survey design via an adapted questionnaire to gather information from participants. The questionnaire was distributed randomly among 286 respondents from different micro and small enterprises in Woldia city. The results revealed that organizational encouragement, supervisor support, sufficient resources, and absence of organizational impediments are statistically significant and positively related to MSEs’ creativity and innovation; however, challenging work is statistically significant and negatively associated with creativity and innovation. The remaining variables, workgroup support and job autonomy have no statistically significant effect on MSEs’ creativity and innovation. This study is significant in that it enables managers to understand that creativity and innovation success depend on many interrelated variables in the workplace, which must be considered in establishing strategies that encourage and recognize creativity and innovation in micro and small enterprises. This paper contributes to the thin scholarly literature on creativity and innovation in MSEs’ workplace settings by investigating the influence of workplace factors on creativity and innovation. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 767-778 Issue: 6 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2190260 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2190260 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:6:p:767-778 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2177016_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Thea Tselepis Author-X-Name-First: Thea Author-X-Name-Last: Tselepis Author-Name: Cecile Nieuwenhuizen Author-X-Name-First: Cecile Author-X-Name-Last: Nieuwenhuizen Title: Frugal innovations of South African female social entrepreneurs Abstract: The good practices of female social entrepreneurs in developing contexts who are able to grow their social entrepreneurial endeavours through innovative problem-solving processes should be understood in order to inform policymakers and models that enhance social value add and innovation for social good. This study explores and describes the Frugal Innovation of female social entrepreneurs who are able to grow their endeavours. Problems that the women deal with are linked to the dimensions of Frugal Innovation from a Design Thinking perspective to illustrate the complexity of the issues that these women encounter. A qualitative approach is applied to the study. A purposive sample of 11 cases of a South African sample frame of 45 was selected as these women displayed growth and innovation in their endeavours whilst engaging in solving complex problems. In a content analysis of their innovative problem-solving, findings indicate that the enablers of Frugal Innovation in the social entrepreneurial context are leveraged by the women in the study to grow their endeavours towards systemic integration. This way, they are creating more sustainable solutions that can be viewed as good practice which may inform policymakers and other social entrepreneurial models. The original contribution of this study lies in the application of the theoretical framework in an interdisciplinary way, to provide insight on Frugal Innovation in a social entrepreneurial context that might become increasingly relevant in a post-pandemic world. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 678-689 Issue: 6 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2177016 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2177016 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:6:p:678-689 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2191536_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Alhassan Abdul-Wakeel Karakara Author-X-Name-First: Alhassan Abdul-Wakeel Author-X-Name-Last: Karakara Author-Name: James Atta Peprah Author-X-Name-First: James Atta Author-X-Name-Last: Peprah Author-Name: Isaac Dasmani Author-X-Name-First: Isaac Author-X-Name-Last: Dasmani Title: Analysing the socioeconomic characteristics of fisheries-dependent communities in the context of the blue economy in Ghana Abstract: For centuries resource economists have persistently debated and discussed the potential of the green economy and how it should be protected and used sustainably. Most studies to date on the economic value of natural resources have thus concentrated on the green economy and how countries could harness its resources to achieve growth and development. However, perhaps the blue economy (i.e., ocean resources) could also help achieve growth and development. Studies on the blue economy are concept notes, reports and literature reviews on the evolving definition of the concept. Therefore, we examine the blue economy in the context of marine communities’ socioeconomic characteristics that could lead to changing patterns in the use of ocean resources. Using household survey data (Ghana Living Standard Survey – GLSS 7) and regression analysis, we investigate the socioeconomic lives and welfare of marine communities amidst blue economy principles. We found that most marine households enjoy a reasonably high standard of living, which bodes well for blue economy principles as livelihood diversification could reduce pressure on fishing as the only job in these communities. However, we also found that many rural coastal communities have more appalling socioeconomic living conditions than their urban counterparts, with poor amenities (like toilet facilities and waste disposal). These are potential threats to the achievement of a blue economy. Thus, policy implications are discussed. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 779-795 Issue: 6 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2191536 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2191536 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:6:p:779-795 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2180176_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Luambano Lawlence Kihoma Author-X-Name-First: Luambano Lawlence Author-X-Name-Last: Kihoma Author-Name: Ayubu J. Churi Author-X-Name-First: Ayubu J. Author-X-Name-Last: Churi Author-Name: Camilius A. Sanga Author-X-Name-First: Camilius A. Author-X-Name-Last: Sanga Author-Name: Eugenio Tisselli Author-X-Name-First: Eugenio Author-X-Name-Last: Tisselli Title: Examining the continued intention of using the Ugunduzi app in farmer-led research of agro-ecological practices among smallholder farmers in selected areas, Tanzania Abstract: Farmer-led research of agro-ecological practices could support smallholder farmers in identifying the best-fit practices to improve crop production. A smartphone based app named Ugunduzi was developed purposefully to support farmers in their research activities. The purpose of this study was to investigate smallholder farmers’ intentions to continue using the Ugunduzi app in the Tanzanian districts of Masasi, Mvomero, and Bagamoyo. Cross-sectional research design was used in which qualitative and quantitative data were collected from 60 smallholder farmers who participated in the research and used the Ugunduzi app. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) using SmartPLS 3 was employed to analyze the data. The results indicated that the app could continue to be used by smallholder farmers in the study areas due to its usefulness in supporting them to identify best-fit agro-ecological practices in their areas and to have a better future season plan through records kept in the app. The app also showed great potential for increasing agro-ecological knowledge through sharing information. However, a few difficulties were observed, especially in the early stage of using the app due to some processes involved. From the study findings, it was recommended that, due to its effectiveness observed in supporting farmers, the app be promoted by development actors to be used by many smallholder farmers around the study areas to improve crop production. In order to support farmers in reducing the effort required to use the app, it was recommended that key stakeholders provide farmers more training on effective use of the app. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 720-730 Issue: 6 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2180176 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2180176 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:6:p:720-730 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2176612_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Philip Akrofi Atitianti Author-X-Name-First: Philip Akrofi Author-X-Name-Last: Atitianti Author-Name: Samuel Kofi Asiamah Author-X-Name-First: Samuel Kofi Author-X-Name-Last: Asiamah Title: Chinese foreign direct investment and business start-ups in Africa Abstract: In recent decades, Chinese FDI has become an integral investment source for African countries and has, therefore, engendered studies seeking to understand the determinants of these flows. In a quest to identify the factors that stimulate these flows, this paper assesses whether the ease of starting a business induces Chinese FDI flow to Africa. The analysis is based on panel data for 46 African countries between 2004 and 2018. The results from fixed-effects estimations suggest that Chinese FDI is attracted by the ease of starting a business in African economies. This finding also holds for sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and is robust across all estimations. The results also provide corroborating evidence that identifies Chinese FDI as market and resource-seeking, attracted to large markets and economies with abundant natural resources. The findings suggest that improving business regulations could be a stimulant for Chinese FDI flow to Africa. In evaluating the nexus between Chinese FDI and business start-ups, this paper provides new evidence to complement the dated studies on this theme. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 661-670 Issue: 6 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2176612 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2176612 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:6:p:661-670 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2176622_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Priviledge Cheteni Author-X-Name-First: Priviledge Author-X-Name-Last: Cheteni Author-Name: Emmanuel Selemani Shindika Author-X-Name-First: Emmanuel Selemani Author-X-Name-Last: Shindika Title: Managers’ perception of ethics in public entities and service delivery using the corporate virtue scale Abstract: Ethical culture is the epitome of the success of various organizations and a prerequisite for progress. This study aimed to examine the construct validity of the Corporate Virtue Scale (CEV) and find if there is any association between ethical culture and its impact on employees’ wellbeing. The sample was composed of 277 managers from various government entities in the Buffalo Municipality in South Africa. A confirmatory factor analysis was used to validate the eight-factor CEV scale. The employees’ perceptions of ethical culture in public entities were associated with their stress levels and emotional exhaustion. Thus, the findings of this study revealed that the ethical culture of organizations plays a huge role in the wellbeing of employees. The study concludes that the CEV scale is a proven instrument with construct validity. The recommendation is that the government should focus on simplifying rules and procedures that help to cultivate an ethical culture within public entities. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 671-677 Issue: 6 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2176622 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2176622 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:6:p:671-677 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2178786_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: William Clifford Gomera Author-X-Name-First: William Clifford Author-X-Name-Last: Gomera Author-Name: Nasibu Rajabu Mramba Author-X-Name-First: Nasibu Rajabu Author-X-Name-Last: Mramba Title: Deploying design science research in sparse resource settings: Some lessons from design projects in Tanzania Abstract: Design science research (DSR) has become a well-accepted research paradigm in information system research. DSR aims at solving people’s obstacles by creating solutions and thus bringing about human development. In this paper, we present lessons learned from design projects conducted in Tanzania since 2015. These projects focused on solving Tanzanian challenges in a number of sectors: street vending businesses, women traders, small-scale farmers, micro traders, and education. We reviewed six projects carried out in Tanzania using documentary review and open-ended questionnaires. The findings revealed how researchers reinforce the DSR framework, and the motives, challenges, and lessons learned from the application of DSR in sparse resource settings to inform future designs. The findings of the current study will help existing and future IT designers, policymakers, curriculum developers, researchers, and other information and communications technologies for development stakeholders to come up with appropriate solutions for inclusive development. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 705-719 Issue: 6 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2178786 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2178786 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:6:p:705-719 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2220637_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Adewumi Titus Adesiyan Author-X-Name-First: Adewumi Titus Author-X-Name-Last: Adesiyan Author-Name: Imole Rafael Olaniyan Author-X-Name-First: Imole Rafael Author-X-Name-Last: Olaniyan Author-Name: Hyeladi Ibrahim Gaya Author-X-Name-First: Hyeladi Ibrahim Author-X-Name-Last: Gaya Author-Name: Ayodeji Damilola Kehinde Author-X-Name-First: Ayodeji Damilola Author-X-Name-Last: Kehinde Title: A gendered approach to determinants of adoption of cassava-legume intensification technology and its impact on households’ poverty status in innovation platforms of Southwestern Nigeria Abstract: The scourge of poverty has spread over Nigeria. Efforts to address the problem have yielded no tangible results. This study investigated a gendered approach to determinants of adoption of cassava-legume intensification technology and its impact on households’ poverty status in innovation platforms. A multistage sampling technique was used in selecting 160 respondents. The adoption index, the Tobit regression model, FGT analysis, and the ordered probit regression model were used to analyze the data. The adoption intensity of cassava-legume intensification technology was relatively low (28.06%), with that of female gender households 3.20% higher than that of their male counterparts. The Tobit regression model revealed that the intensity of adoption of cassava-legume technology was positively and significantly influenced by the years of education, household size, credit accessibility and household gender participation, among other factors. In addition, the ordered probit regression model revealed that revenue generated from cassava-legume, adoption intensity of the technology, extension visits, and gender of the household head were significant factors positively affecting household poverty while household size negatively affected household poverty. This indicates that cassava-legume intensification technology can assist individuals in escaping poverty. Gender sensitivity should, however, be considered when adopting new technologies, and an enabling atmosphere should be developed to enable women to participate. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 923-942 Issue: 7 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2220637 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2220637 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:7:p:923-942 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2218772_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Edward Ebo Onumah* Author-X-Name-First: Edward Ebo Author-X-Name-Last: Onumah* Author-Name: Martha Joycelyn Makafui Dogbey Author-X-Name-First: Martha Joycelyn Author-X-Name-Last: Makafui Dogbey Author-Name: Freda Elikplim Asem Author-X-Name-First: Freda Author-X-Name-Last: Elikplim Asem Title: Impact analysis of innovation and gendered constraints in the fisheries sector of southern Ghana Abstract: This paper adopts the multinomial endogenous treatment effect approach to analyze the impact of innovation choices on the income of 230 fish workers in the Greater Accra and Central regions of Ghana, while the Kendall’s ranking technique is applied to analyze the constraints to innovation. Findings show that technological and non-technological innovations available to fish workers have positive impacts on their income. Specifically, savings, credit access, and support service are identified to have positive impacts on income while gender and membership of a fish workers’ association have negative impacts on income. The most pressing constraints to innovation faced by female fish workers are cultural/ethnic restrictions, social exclusion, and time constraints. On the other hand, a high dependency ratio and discrimination in access to resources are the most pressing constraints faced by male fish workers. The paper recommends that stakeholders should continue to offer support services to fish workers. In addition, lending institutions should make credit accessible at lower interest rates. Interventions by the Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development and development agencies that aim to solve constraints of fish workers should be approached from a gender dimension. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 902-912 Issue: 7 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2218772 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2218772 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:7:p:902-912 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2222480_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mohd Fayaz Author-X-Name-First: Mohd Author-X-Name-Last: Fayaz Author-Name: Sandeep Kaur Author-X-Name-First: Sandeep Author-X-Name-Last: Kaur Title: Changing structure of India’s exports with Africa: Where do the technology-intensive exports stand? Abstract: The present study is an endeavour to document the pattern of comparative advantage and structural changes of Indian exports with Africa with the help of revealed comparative advantage index and the constant market share model for the period 1980–2021. The results indicate that India possesses a comparative advantage in a large number of export products to markets in Africa. However, most of these exports belong to the category of low-tech and resource-based goods. Considering its abundant labour, it is to be expected for India to have a comparative advantage in these low-skilled and labour-intensive traditional exports. The commodities with maximum advantage in the African market are medicinal and pharmaceutical products followed by sugar, sugar preparations, and honey. In the category of technology-intensive products, India has strengthened its market power only in the export of organic chemicals and dyes, and colouring materials. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 962-975 Issue: 7 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2222480 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2222480 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:7:p:962-975 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2220636_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Girma Gezimu Gebre Author-X-Name-First: Girma Gezimu Author-X-Name-Last: Gebre Author-Name: Aneteneh Ashebir Author-X-Name-First: Aneteneh Author-X-Name-Last: Ashebir Author-Name: Tibebu Legesse Author-X-Name-First: Tibebu Author-X-Name-Last: Legesse Title: Impact of income diversification on rural household food security in Ethiopia Abstract: Using primary data collected from 462 farm households, this paper aims to examine the impact of income diversification on rural household food security in Ethiopia. A propensity score matching model was employed to analyze the impact of participation in both agriculture and non-agriculture activities on household food security. The results indicate that age, education level, household size, number of contacts with extension agents, and numbers of livestock in tropical livestock units have a significant effect on household participation in both agriculture and non-agriculture sources of income generation. The propensity score matching result suggested that participation in both agriculture and non-agriculture would increase the rural household food security status by 10.6% to 19.5%, mainly due to a positive effect of additional sources of income generation from non-agriculture activities as witnessed in present and past studies. Therefore, to make considerable improvement on the food security situation, there is need to promote and scale-up on-farm, off-farm and non-farm income-generating activities in rural areas to diversify income sources so as to improve food security status of the rural households in Ethiopia. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 913-922 Issue: 7 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2220636 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2220636 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:7:p:913-922 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2209479_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Justine Mselle Author-X-Name-First: Justine Author-X-Name-Last: Mselle Author-Name: Samwel Alananga Author-X-Name-First: Samwel Author-X-Name-Last: Alananga Author-Name: Sarah Phoya Author-X-Name-First: Sarah Author-X-Name-Last: Phoya Author-Name: Harriet Eliufoo Author-X-Name-First: Harriet Author-X-Name-Last: Eliufoo Title: Informal structures in knowledge and the effectiveness of the transfer process among construction workers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Abstract: The combination of both Structured Knowledge Transfer (SKT) and Unstructured Knowledge Transfer (UKT) processes is important for Knowledge Transfer Effectiveness (KTE) in construction workplace practices. However, the extant literature suggests that there is a high level of KTE in informal construction practices where UKTs are dominant while SKTs are rare as prevailing Knowledge Transfer Structures (KTSs). This study, therefore, analyzes the impact of knowledge transfer structures on the KTE in informal workplace practices. A questionnaire survey was used to collect data from 417 craftsmen under informal construction practices in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Using correlation and binary logistics regression analyses, the strength of association between KTE under different KTSs was evaluated. The study suggests that both SKT and UKT positively influence KTE under different conditions, although the magnitude of effect is relatively higher in SKT than UKT, even when the overall process is considered informal. In addition, the increase in KTS increases KTE, providing some justification for planned and organized forms of knowledge transfer and sharing, even in informal workplace practices. In contrast to SKT processes, UKT processes are significantly influenced by codification, motivation, trade specialization and transferor-transferee agreement. The findings from this study contribute to the understanding of KTSs in informal workplace practices and that the transfer, though dominated by UKT processes, enables practitioners to internalise a high degree of structures well. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 831-843 Issue: 7 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2209479 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2209479 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:7:p:831-843 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2221876_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Baba Shehu Terab Author-X-Name-First: Baba Shehu Author-X-Name-Last: Terab Author-Name: Umar Ali Umar Author-X-Name-First: Umar Ali Author-X-Name-Last: Umar Author-Name: Ayodeji Nathaniel Oyedeji Author-X-Name-First: Ayodeji Nathaniel Author-X-Name-Last: Oyedeji Title: Information technology in supply chain management: Perspectives from key actors in the Nigerian petroleum sector Abstract: This research examines the potential impact of information technology (IT) on supply chain management (SCM) in the Nigerian petroleum industry. Specifically, the study seeks to identify the IT systems utilized by the key actors in the industry, the challenges facing SCM operations, and the potential benefits of IT for addressing these challenges. The field survey used 266 individuals, comprising regulators, production units, transporters, vendors, and customers. The study employed inferential statistics, and hypotheses were tested using the chi-square statistical test. The findings reveal that enterprise social networks, real-time track and tracking systems, warehouse management systems, and electronic invoice and fund transferring systems are the IT systems most commonly utilized by the key actors in the Nigerian petroleum industry. However, monitoring and evaluation remain the most challenging area for IT development in SCM operations. The study recommends that the government implement policies that encourage the adoption of IT in SCM operations, as well as incentives to encourage industry players to digitize data. The original contribution of this research is that it identifies the key IT systems utilized by the actors in the Nigerian petroleum industry and the challenges facing SCM operations, as well as proposing policy recommendations. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 955-961 Issue: 7 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2221876 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2221876 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:7:p:955-961 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2213965_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Daniel Raphael Ejike Ewim Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Raphael Ejike Author-X-Name-Last: Ewim Author-Name: Yasthil Nundlal Author-X-Name-First: Yasthil Author-X-Name-Last: Nundlal Author-Name: Keenan Govender Author-X-Name-First: Keenan Author-X-Name-Last: Govender Author-Name: Nokubonga Lungile Nzuke Author-X-Name-First: Nokubonga Lungile Author-X-Name-Last: Nzuke Author-Name: Mfanafuthi Vukani Mbatha Author-X-Name-First: Mfanafuthi Vukani Author-X-Name-Last: Mbatha Author-Name: Nangamso Gwexa Author-X-Name-First: Nangamso Author-X-Name-Last: Gwexa Author-Name: Kelsi Naidoo Author-X-Name-First: Kelsi Author-X-Name-Last: Naidoo Author-Name: Opeyeolu T. Laseinde Author-X-Name-First: Opeyeolu T. Author-X-Name-Last: Laseinde Author-Name: Sogo Mayokun Abolarin Author-X-Name-First: Sogo Mayokun Author-X-Name-Last: Abolarin Title: Knowledge, awareness, and perception of senior high school learners towards nuclear energy: A South African case study Abstract: This study investigated senior South African high school students’ levels of knowledge, perception, attitude, and awareness toward nuclear energy using paper-based, semi-structured questionnaires and digital data collection instruments through online Google forms. The sample consisted of 100 high school students from two schools. Fifty students were chosen from a public school, and fifty students were selected from a private/independent school. It was found that regardless of the type of school, students showed little to no knowledge, low awareness, and significant ignorance of nuclear energy. The majority of students had never heard of nuclear energy. In terms of initial exposure to the concept of nuclear energy, private school learners seemed to have been exposed to the industry more through television. In contrast, for public school learners, educators were their main sources of introduction. Conversely, the perception of this form of energy is much more positive in private schools than in public schools. This study highlights the existence of a severe gap in high school education regarding the teaching and learning of nuclear energy. Hence, an energy-cognizant curriculum is needed to bridge the gap in both public and private schools. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 866-884 Issue: 7 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2213965 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2213965 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:7:p:866-884 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2209476_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Folorunsho M. Ajide Author-X-Name-First: Folorunsho M. Author-X-Name-Last: Ajide Author-Name: Tolulope T. Osinubi Author-X-Name-First: Tolulope T. Author-X-Name-Last: Osinubi Title: Digital technology usage and entrepreneurship in Africa Abstract: In relation to actual digital usage, empirical research is limited on whether digital technology promotes entrepreneurial development in African economies. This study, therefore, investigates the impact of digital technology usage on entrepreneurship in selected African countries. This study contributes to the literature by using 20 selected African countries over the period of 2012–2016. Unlike existing studies, this paper differentiates between the impact of business, government and individual usage of digital technology by employing the 6th, 7th and 8th pillars of the Network Readiness Index. The study employs panel least square and instrumental variable (IV) estimating techniques and panel corrected standard errors (PCSEs) to analyze the data. The results show that digital technology usage has a positive and significant impact on entrepreneurship in Africa. Further analysis shows that individual usage and business usage have a positive and significant impact on business creation. Social media network usage has a positive and significant impact on entrepreneurial development. The study suggests that the growth of entrepreneurship can be enhanced through an ICT usage enabling environment. Individual usage and business usage including social media usage of digitalization are the main drivers of entrepreneurial development in the region. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 817-830 Issue: 7 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2209476 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2209476 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:7:p:817-830 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2213597_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Abdalla Shaame Author-X-Name-First: Abdalla Author-X-Name-Last: Shaame Author-Name: Umayra El Nabahany Author-X-Name-First: Umayra Author-X-Name-Last: El Nabahany Author-Name: Said Yunus Author-X-Name-First: Said Author-X-Name-Last: Yunus Author-Name: Tabu Kondo Author-X-Name-First: Tabu Author-X-Name-Last: Kondo Author-Name: Wadrine Maro Author-X-Name-First: Wadrine Author-X-Name-Last: Maro Title: Personalisation of Moodle Learning Management System for Effective Teaching and Learning in Higher Learning Institutions: A Case of the State University of Zanzibar Abstract: The Learning Management System (LMS) continues to persuade instructors and students that the use of the Moodle platform is the correct choice to meet their educational needs. This study presents the personalization of the Moodle LMS based on students’ needs and interest in meeting the intended course objectives. The study employed a quantitative method administered by a questionnaire. The data were analyzed quantitatively and discussed to meet the study objective. The study findings indicated that 61.3% of the respondents have confidence in the use of personalised Moodle LMS to improve their understanding of their lessons. The study also revealed that almost all respondents (95%) agreed that the personalised Moodle LMS motivated students’ learning. Further, and unexpected, the study findings revealed that the Moodle learning environment and pedagogical underpinning were minor challenges to students; instead, the major challenges were infrastructure challenges such as internet access and tools. The study recommends that instructors and students should make the Moodle LMS an essential asset for improving teaching and learning in Higher Learning Institutions. The originality of the contribution of this study is the conclusion that personalized Moodle LMS should be maintained to attract and motivate students in learning activities. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 852-865 Issue: 7 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2213597 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2213597 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:7:p:852-865 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2215663_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Asmera Adicha Author-X-Name-First: Asmera Author-X-Name-Last: Adicha Author-Name: Gedion Ermias Author-X-Name-First: Gedion Author-X-Name-Last: Ermias Title: Adoption of crossbreed dairy cows (Holstein-Friesian and Jersey) by smallholder dairy farmers in South-Western Ethiopia: Perception and adoption intensity Abstract: Evidence on the factors that influence crossbred dairy cow adoption decisions and intensity by dairy farmers in the Debub Ari district is limited. This study provides empirical evidence on the determinants, perceptions, and constraints of crossbred dairy cow adoption decisions and intensity by dairy farmers through primary data sourced from 204 dairy farmers using a multi-stage sampling approach. Heckman’s two-stage model, the perception index, and Kendall’s coefficient of concordances were used for data analysis. This study found that there is a positive perception regarding crossbred dairy cows and a good attitude among farmers. However, less than fifty per cent of the dairy farmers had adopted crossbred dairy cows. Besides, the adoption decision of crossbred dairy cows is influenced by training, feed shortages, credit service, vet service, age, and experience; adoption intensity is influenced by extension services, vet services, feed shortages, and credit services. Therefore, the livestock sector of the district or regional government should work on the mentioned policy variables mainly related to the full package (feed, vet services, and credit access) of crossbreed dairy production because breed introduction alone does not enhance the adoption and intensity of using the technology. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 885-894 Issue: 7 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2215663 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2215663 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:7:p:885-894 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2196199_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Trymore Nhundu Author-X-Name-First: Trymore Author-X-Name-Last: Nhundu Author-Name: Edward Mutandwa Author-X-Name-First: Edward Author-X-Name-Last: Mutandwa Author-Name: Jayne Stark Author-X-Name-First: Jayne Author-X-Name-Last: Stark Author-Name: Tafireyi Chamboko Author-X-Name-First: Tafireyi Author-X-Name-Last: Chamboko Author-Name: Arthur Tinashe Vambe Author-X-Name-First: Arthur Tinashe Author-X-Name-Last: Vambe Title: Determinants of smallholder livestock farmers’ adoption decisions of improved fodder technologies in Insiza District Abstract: The study investigated the factors that influence the extent of the use of fodder technologies in the Insiza District of Zimbabwe, as well as the reasons for their low adoption and the lower participation of women than men in fodder interventions. A mixed methods approach was used and data were collected using a structured questionnaire, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. The multi-stage sampling approach was used to generate a sample of 224 respondents who received training on fodder production from the Zimbabwe Resilience Building Fund (ZRBF) intervention. Using the ordered probit regression model, factors such as gender, education level attained, cattle herd size, total livestock units, land size, willingness to invest more in fodder, engagement in farm enterprises, and intensity of collaborations were found to significantly influence the number of improved fodder technologies adopted. In addition, farmers perceived that fodder technologies are beneficial. The imposition of externally determined innovations, as well as the scarcity of seed for fodder crops, were cited as the primary reasons for the low adoption of fodder technologies promoted prior to the ZRBF intervention. Findings also suggested the existence of gender-specific constraints emanating from the prevalence of a powerful patriarchal culture as the major factor limiting women’s participation in fodder interventions relative to men. Thus, the study recommends that the ZRBF and the government design well-packaged rural development policies, promote equitable gender participation and adopt participatory approaches when proffering solutions to local community problems. The study’s original contributions include the use of a mixed methods approach, a focus on the extent of fodder technology adoption rather than the probability of adoption, and an investigation into the reasons for women’s lower participation than men in fodder intervention. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 805-816 Issue: 7 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2196199 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2196199 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:7:p:805-816 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2215664_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mikru Lake Melie Author-X-Name-First: Mikru Lake Author-X-Name-Last: Melie Author-Name: Debela Tesfaye Author-X-Name-First: Debela Author-X-Name-Last: Tesfaye Author-Name: Alemu Kumilachew Tegegnie Author-X-Name-First: Alemu Kumilachew Author-X-Name-Last: Tegegnie Author-Name: Derejaw Lake Melie Author-X-Name-First: Derejaw Lake Author-X-Name-Last: Melie Title: Argument mining from Amharic argumentative texts using machine learning approach Abstract: Argument mining is an emerging science that deals with the automatic identification and extraction of arguments along with their relation from large, unstructured data that are useful for reasoning engines and computational models. Identification and extraction of argument relation from Amharic argumentative texts is a current challenge in Amharic language text processing. There have been many efforts tried on argument relation prediction for English and other European languages. This work is aimed at the design and implementation of an argument relation prediction for Amharic language using MLP, Naïve Bayes, and SVM algorithms. The study used 815 argumentative sentences collected from politically focused sources such as Amharic newspapers, weblogs, Facebook, and other social media, to evaluate argument relation prediction. The evaluation of this experiment was conducted using discourse markers, propositional semantic similarity, and a combination of these approaches, and resulted in the highest weighted average F-scores of 68%, 84%, and 88%, respectively, using Naïve Bayes, ANN and SVM. This shows that a combination approach with a SVM classifier is preferable for an Amharic argument relation prediction task. The authors tackled the problem of argument relation prediction (a subtask of argument mining) for the Amharic language, and annotated Amharic argumentative sentences (120 argument maps), making them publicly available for future research work. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 895-901 Issue: 7 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2215664 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2215664 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:7:p:895-901 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2221595_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Maryam Nozari Author-X-Name-First: Maryam Author-X-Name-Last: Nozari Author-Name: Reza Radfar Author-X-Name-First: Reza Author-X-Name-Last: Radfar Author-Name: Soroush Ghazinoori Author-X-Name-First: Soroush Author-X-Name-Last: Ghazinoori Title: A practical framework for technological learning in developing countries Abstract: The important role of technological learning in the success of enterprises, especially in developing countries, is undeniable. Besides that, the complex nature of learning requires a comprehensive framework. So, developing countries need to have a learning strategy that can help them to increase learning through collaboration. In this research, a mixed method study, after reviewing the literature and previous research, the theoretical framework of the research was extracted and the protocol for the interview was formed. Then the dimensions and factors of technological learning were derived from interviews with managers and experts who were in the Iranian oil agreement writing and document reviewing teams. To form the framework presented in this study, it is necessary for developing countries to implement a transition from the control and prescription phase to the incentive and technology support phase. Motivational regulation can also lead to better results in industry. The results of this paper show that the realization of technological learning in the oil industry of developing countries depends on increasing the absorptive capacity of domestic enterprises as well as governments creating the necessary infrastructure. The results also show the dependency of technological learning on the cultural, social, and international relations of country. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 943-954 Issue: 7 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2221595 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2221595 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:7:p:943-954 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2209482_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Pratiwi Rahadiani Author-X-Name-First: Pratiwi Author-X-Name-Last: Rahadiani Author-Name: Aria Kekalih Author-X-Name-First: Aria Author-X-Name-Last: Kekalih Author-Name: Desak Gede Budi Krisnamurti Author-X-Name-First: Desak Gede Budi Author-X-Name-Last: Krisnamurti Title: Use of H5P interactive learning content in a self-paced MOOC for learning activity preferences and acceptance in an Indonesian medical elective module Abstract: This study aims to assess the learning activities that students find most helpful in self-paced MOOC settings, develop a questionnaire, and determine the predictors of students’ acceptance of H5P interactive content. This research is a quantitative study. The experimented details were obtained from an online questionnaire administered in Herbal Medicine MOOC offered by the Medical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Medicine, and Universities Indonesia. The students’ acceptance questionnaire was developed by modifying the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) questionnaire. This questionnaire includes perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. Although 145 students participated in this course, only 126 students took and completed the online questionnaires. A paired sample t-test was performed to assess students’ learning activity preferences. The questionnaire was assessed by using validity and reliability tests. Multilinear regression and Pearson’s correlation analysis were also performed to identify the correlation among variables. The results showed that documents, learning videos, and H5P interactive content were considered by students as the most helpful learning activities in a self-paced MOOC. However, there is a significant difference in students’ preferences for these learning activities, both before and after the course. All the items of students’ acceptance on the H5P interactive content questionnaire were validated and reliable. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 844-851 Issue: 7 Volume: 15 Year: 2023 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2209482 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2209482 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:15:y:2023:i:7:p:844-851 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2259880_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Ezra Misaki Author-X-Name-First: Ezra Author-X-Name-Last: Misaki Title: Consolidation of human factors limiting the success and sustainability of e-Agriculture projects in sub-Saharan Africa Abstract: Human factors affecting e-Agriculture should be identified and understood to ensure the success and sustainability of e-Agriculture projects. However, specific human factors influencing e-Agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa have never been consolidated. In this regard, the current study reviewed diverse literature and consolidated the human factors and gaps limiting the expansion of e-Agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa to inform the sustainability of projects millions of people in the region rely on for their livelihood. Employing a systematic literature review method, the study initially retrieved 1624 relevant articles from seven e-databases. The retrieved articles were filtered to the 14 most representative articles using the standard protocol to narrow a database. The results revealed human factors and gaps limiting e-Agriculture projects in sub-Saharan Africa as inadequate education and training, age, gender bias, lack of experience, lack of awareness, exclusion of farmers, lack of user-centred requirements, exaggerated expectations and lack of trust and transparency. Thus, the study enlightens e-Agriculture service providers and policy practitioners on issues about human factors that need improvement to facilitate the success and sustainability of e-Agricultural projects. Likewise, the study draws the attention of stakeholders to devise mitigation measures against human factors affecting e-Agriculture projects in sub-Saharan Africa. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 64-78 Issue: 1 Volume: 16 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2259880 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2259880 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:16:y:2024:i:1:p:64-78 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2274706_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Chidambaran G. Iyer Author-X-Name-First: Chidambaran G. Author-X-Name-Last: Iyer Title: Process innovation in low-tech industries in India: An empirical exploration Abstract: Till now, studies have determined the existence of process innovation using survey data; however, in this paper, we use secondary data to empirically establish its presence in low-tech industries. Our empirical approach consists of data envelopement analysis in the first step followed by regression analysis in the second step. We use a cross-sectional dataset, i.e., Annual Survey of Industries, 2017–2018 for our study. Our results suggest that among Indian low-tech firms, investment in computer equipment and software is the most popular strategy to trigger process innovation followed by investment in plant and machinery. We find that these factors have a greater impact on firms that export products and import inputs, than on firms that export products but do not import inputs. In other words, the export-import orientation of firms induces a differential impact of these factors on process innovation. One policy implication from the study is that government should encourage and incentivize low-tech firms to improve the capabilities of its labour force. This is the first paper in the Indian context that uses secondary data to empirically determine the existence of process innovation in low-tech industries. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 140-151 Issue: 1 Volume: 16 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2274706 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2274706 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:16:y:2024:i:1:p:140-151 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2271703_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Mst. Esmat Ara Begum Author-X-Name-First: Mst. Esmat Ara Author-X-Name-Last: Begum Author-Name: Md. Abdur Rashid Author-X-Name-First: Md. Abdur Author-X-Name-Last: Rashid Author-Name: Mohammad Ismail Hossain Author-X-Name-First: Mohammad Ismail Author-X-Name-Last: Hossain Author-Name: Md. Anower Hossain Author-X-Name-First: Md. Anower Author-X-Name-Last: Hossain Author-Name: Md. Harunor Rashid Author-X-Name-First: Md. Harunor Author-X-Name-Last: Rashid Author-Name: Mustafa Kamal Shahadat Author-X-Name-First: Mustafa Kamal Author-X-Name-Last: Shahadat Author-Name: Mohammed Mainuddin Author-X-Name-First: Mohammed Author-X-Name-Last: Mainuddin Title: Farmers’ choices and factors driving adoption of climate change adaptation strategies in saline coastal area of Bangladesh Abstract: Growing climate change adaptation issues are driving the demand for efficient solutions in the agriculture sector, which will improve farmers’ livelihoods and economic situations. This study examined the perceptions of major climate risks and factors driving adoption of climate adaptation strategies in saline coastal areas of Bangladesh. Survey data were collected from 100 farmers producing Rabi crops by using a semi-structured questionnaire. A binary logistic model was used to identify the driving factors of the adoption of adaptation strategies. Results revealed that farmers’ group membership and perception of a decrease in rain frequency influenced adoption of intercropping, while experience in farming, owned farmland size and perception of increase in soil salinity influenced adoption of mulching. In addition, age, group membership and perception of a decrease in rain frequency had a positive influence on adoption of use of mini pond. Furthermore, household size and access to training influenced adoption of changing sowing time, while farming experience had a positive influence on change in cropping pattern. These findings suggest an opportunity for institution-led support for providing farmers with hands-on training. Developing collaboration with research institutes, the ministry of agriculture, extension, development partners and civic leaders for enhancing farmers’ group membership capacity would be of benefit on increasing the adaptive capacity of farmers. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 113-127 Issue: 1 Volume: 16 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2271703 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2271703 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:16:y:2024:i:1:p:113-127 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2247754_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Gifty-Maria Sangber-Dery Author-X-Name-First: Gifty-Maria Author-X-Name-Last: Sangber-Dery Author-Name: Enoch Kwame Tham-Agyekum Author-X-Name-First: Enoch Kwame Author-X-Name-Last: Tham-Agyekum Author-Name: Fred Ankuyi Author-X-Name-First: Fred Author-X-Name-Last: Ankuyi Author-Name: John-Eudes Andivi Bakang Author-X-Name-First: John-Eudes Author-X-Name-Last: Andivi Bakang Author-Name: Nathaniel Nii Lartey Lartey Author-X-Name-First: Nathaniel Nii Author-X-Name-Last: Lartey Lartey Author-Name: Ernest Laryea Okorley Author-X-Name-First: Ernest Laryea Author-X-Name-Last: Okorley Author-Name: Ebenezer Osei Jones Author-X-Name-First: Ebenezer Osei Author-X-Name-Last: Jones Author-Name: David Boansi Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Boansi Title: Farm operation injuries among cocoa famers in Ghana: Investigating the causes, choice of treatment and compliance to safety standards Abstract: This study investigated the socioeconomic factors that predispose cocoa farmers to farm operation injuries, their choice of treatment and compliance with recommended safety standards. It used the multi-stage sampling technique to collect data from 400 cocoa farmers. Descriptive statistics, the ordered logistic and the multinomial logistic regression model were the method of analysis. The study found that injuries occur at all stages of farm operations, and sex, age, education level, alternative livelihood, household size, and farm size are associated with increased risk of injury. The majority of cocoa farmers prefer self-medication, with this practice being more common among young, less-educated male farmers with more farming experience and large farm sizes. It was found that compliance with recommended safety standards was influenced by sex, age, marital status, education level, farming experience, access to credit, and membership of a cooperative association. There is a need to raise awareness and provide education to cocoa farmers about the consequences of using herbal remedies and self-medication, and to emphasize the importance of seeking professional medical assistance. The study fills the literature gap by highlighting the socioeconomic factors that predispose farmers to injuries, the factors behind their choice of treatment methods and compliance with safety standards. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 1-16 Issue: 1 Volume: 16 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2247754 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2247754 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:16:y:2024:i:1:p:1-16 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2247921_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Abdulai Adams Author-X-Name-First: Abdulai Author-X-Name-Last: Adams Author-Name: Emmanuel Tetteh Jumpah Author-X-Name-First: Emmanuel Tetteh Author-X-Name-Last: Jumpah Author-Name: Asaah Sumaila Mohammed Author-X-Name-First: Asaah Sumaila Author-X-Name-Last: Mohammed Title: Gender-disaggregated analysis of sustainable intensification practices adoption: A case of northern Ghana Abstract: Agricultural productivity has remained low in Africa, especially among smallholder farmers. Women often suffer resource constraints and access to certain technologies needed to increase productivity relative to men. This study analyzes the effect of gender on the adoption of selected sustainable intensification practices (SIPs) in northern Ghana using a sample of 463 farmers involved in maize and cowpea production. Probit regression analysis revealed that age, membership of a farmer-based organisation (FBO), and perception of ease of adoption (PEC) would likely influence the decision of females to adopt SIPs. FBO membership and ease of adopting technologies affect both male and female farmers to adopt SIPs positively. SIPs adoption decisions by males are influenced by many factors relative to those of females, thus highlighting the complexities involved in agricultural technology adoption. These findings have implications for policymakers and development practitioners working to bridge the gender gap in agricultural productivity, particularly in developing countries. The article makes an empirical contribution to the innovation and technology adoption literature, especially in terms of the factors that drive gender-transformative processes. Strengthening FBOs and utilizing the concept of technology parks to deepen farmers’ perceptions and understanding of SIPs could help bridge the gender gap in technology adoption and improve productivity. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 26-39 Issue: 1 Volume: 16 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2247921 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2247921 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:16:y:2024:i:1:p:26-39 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2266183_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Thabang Lazarus Bambo Author-X-Name-First: Thabang Lazarus Author-X-Name-Last: Bambo Author-Name: Anastassios Pouris Author-X-Name-First: Anastassios Author-X-Name-Last: Pouris Title: Analysis of patents and citations for selected areas of the bioeconomy in South Africa Abstract: The South African bioeconomy strategy did not clearly articulate the measurement framework to monitor the implementation of the strategy. This paper provides an analysis of bioeconomy patents, the most prolific organizations and citations at the EPO and USPTO for South Africa, BRICS, Egypt and Nigeria during the Ten-Year Innovation Plan 2008–2018. The terms ‘biotechnology’, ‘medical technology’, ‘pharmaceuticals’ and ‘selected environment-related technologies’ were used to search for patents. The OECD patents by technology, the EPO PATSTAT and the USPTO PatFT databases were used to map patents and citations. The results show that South Africa ranked last in the BRICS group but produced a higher number of patents than Egypt and Nigeria. The number of patents generally decreased for the selected countries except for China. The total citations for the selected countries was generally inconsistent. The important innovators for South Africa in the bioeconomy are mainly universities and public research institutions. A new fiscal approach to encourage knowledge application in bioeconomy in South Africa is required. Incentives from government that encourage collaboration between research institutions and industry to direct research with industry application are required. The study contributes to the development of metrics to monitor the bioeconomy in South Africa. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 79-98 Issue: 1 Volume: 16 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2266183 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2266183 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:16:y:2024:i:1:p:79-98 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2247904_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Chima Paul Author-X-Name-First: Chima Author-X-Name-Last: Paul Author-Name: Samuel Olorunfemi Adams Author-X-Name-First: Samuel Olorunfemi Author-X-Name-Last: Adams Title: The effect of e-government development indices (EGDI) on corruption perception index in sub-Sahara Africa: A panel data analysis Abstract: The study aims to examine the impact of e-government development indices on the corruption perception index (CPI) using cross-sectional data covering the period 2012–2020. To achieve the objective of the study, the E-Government Development Index (EGDI), which comprises the Online Service Index (OSI), the Human Capital Index (HCI) and the Telecommunication Infrastructure Index (TII) was utilized. The study adopted the panel data statistical methodology to accomplish the goal of the study. According to the findings, perceptions of corruption rise with an increase in the OSI, the TII has a statistically non-negative significant relationship with perceptions of corruption, and the HCI decreases perceptions of corruption. This portends that e-government positively impacts online services, improved telecommunication infrastructure, and the development of human capital in sub-Saharan Africa, and as well has a positive impact on how people perceive corruption. Moreso, an increase in human capacity by providing adequate training, conferences, workshops, and other activities will result in a decrease in the corruption index across the 48 sub-Saharan Africa countries. Based on the findings, the study suggests that improved internet service can stimulate improved efficiency in the perception of corruption, resulting in a more efficient and effective elimination of corruption in African nations. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 17-25 Issue: 1 Volume: 16 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2247904 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2247904 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:16:y:2024:i:1:p:17-25 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2266193_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Swati Mehta Author-X-Name-First: Swati Author-X-Name-Last: Mehta Title: Innovation systems, value chains and industrial clusters in developing economies: Case of Jalandhar’s sports goods industry Abstract: The paper explores the relationship between innovation systems (IS) and participation in value chains (VCs) to understand the challenges concerning upgrading of an industrial cluster in a developing country. It is argued that the inter-linkages of various actors, organizations and institutions at one or more levels (MLs), viz., micro level (local), meso level (national) and macro level (global) led the firms in the industrial cluster to participate in one or more VCs, i.e., local, regional and global VCs, upgrading the cluster over time, which we termed as ‘Cluster Upgrading System’ (CUS). In this context, a case of one of the oldest industrial cluster producing sports goods in Jalandhar, India is examined. The analysis is based upon the information gathered through a primary survey of 45 firms. It was found that the cluster is largely labour intensive in nature and is facing challenges of competing with both low-cost clusters and technological advanced clusters, raising fears of it slipping into a low value-added trap. We found a lack of inter-linkages amongst firms, and their relationship with training and financial institutes that hampers mutual learning for upgrading the whole cluster, indicating some necessary policy implications. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 99-112 Issue: 1 Volume: 16 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2266193 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2266193 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:16:y:2024:i:1:p:99-112 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2274669_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Elaigwu Christopher Ogbanje Author-X-Name-First: Elaigwu Christopher Author-X-Name-Last: Ogbanje Author-Name: Eberechukwu Johnpaul Ihemezie Author-X-Name-First: Eberechukwu Johnpaul Author-X-Name-Last: Ihemezie Title: Agricultural credit guarantee scheme fund and oil palm production in Nigeria: A vector autoregressive (VAR) approach Abstract: Oil palm has been identified as one of the key agricultural products that can diversify Nigeria’s economy. However, its production and export have been hampered by capital constraints. Consequently, the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme Fund (ACGSF) was introduced to encourage lending to farmers and agro-processors to enhance agricultural productivity. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effectiveness of ACGSF allocations to the oil palm production subsector. Time series data on oil palm production, as well as data on ACGSF allocations to oil palm and cash crop production, prime lending rate and commercial banks' loans to agriculture were obtained from FAOSTAT and the Central Bank of Nigeria. Vector autoregression, Granger causality and impulse response functions were used to estimate the short-run relationship. The results reveal that ACGSF allocations to the oil palm subsector and commercial banks’ loans to agriculture have negative and positive effects, respectively, on oil palm production. There was unidirectional causality from ACGSF and commercial banks to agriculture to oil palm production. The findings suggest expansion and close monitoring of the ACGSF scheme, and the intensification and esterification of oil palm production. The study shows that estimating the effect of ACGSF on overall agricultural productivity does not provide deep insight into commodity-specific credit packages. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 128-139 Issue: 1 Volume: 16 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2274669 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2274669 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:16:y:2024:i:1:p:128-139 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2250548_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Mekuanint Abera Timbula Author-X-Name-First: Mekuanint Author-X-Name-Last: Abera Timbula Author-Name: Chetana Marvadi Author-X-Name-First: Chetana Author-X-Name-Last: Marvadi Title: Leadership styles and employees’ commitment toward the national digital payment strategy: Multilevel mediating role of job satisfaction Abstract: This study examined the effect of leadership styles on employees' organizational commitment towards the National Digital Payments Strategy (NDPS) and the mediating role of job satisfaction. A self-administered questionnaire was employed to obtain survey data from twelve microfinance institutions in Ethiopia. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 502 employees to participate in the survey. Covariance-based structural equation modelling was used to examine the study hypotheses. The data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS. The result of the study showed that leadership style indicators such as transformational leadership qualities of leader (idealized influence, intellectual stimulation, individual consideration and inspirational motivation) and transactional leadership qualities of leader (contingent reward, management by exception-active) have positive and significant effect on employees' organizational commitment toward the NDPS. Furthermore, the findings showed that job satisfaction mediated the relationship between leadership style qualities of leader (inspirational motivation, idealized influence, intellectual stimulation, individual consideration, contingent reward and management by exception-active) and employees' organizational commitment toward the NDPS. The study offers valuable insights for managers, stakeholder and policymakers in understanding the effect of leadership style on employees' organizational commitment toward the NDPS. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 53-63 Issue: 1 Volume: 16 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2250548 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2250548 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:16:y:2024:i:1:p:53-63 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2247930_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Musefiu Adebowale Adeleke Author-X-Name-First: Musefiu Adebowale Author-X-Name-Last: Adeleke Author-Name: Adegoke Ibrahim Adeleke Author-X-Name-First: Adegoke Ibrahim Author-X-Name-Last: Adeleke Title: Differential impact of ICT on MSMEs' productivity in Africa’s emerging market Abstract: The observed low level of information and communication technology (ICT) usage among micro, small, and medium-sized enterprise (MSME) firms in many African countries may serve as a major constraint to their productivity. The productivity of service and manufacturing firms is impacted differently due to this low uptake of ICT. This paper seeks to examine the differential effects of ICT on MSMEs’ productivity in emerging African economies, specifically Egypt and Nigeria. This study evaluates the effects of ICT on MSMEs’ productivity across different sectors (services and manufacturing), by size and aggregated. The estimated results support the positive impact of MSMEs’ website presence and use of email on their productivity, though the magnitude varies across different analyses and sectors. This appears to support the differential sectoral impacts of ICT on MSMEs’ productivity across countries in emerging markets. Specifically, this study finds evidence for a higher impact of firms’ website presence on productivity in the manufacturing sector than the services sector across emerging economies. The study, therefore, recommends that emerging markets economies that want to implement appropriate national technology policies to enhance their firms’ productivity should always consider their differential effects on various sectors, as universal ICT policies may not achieve the desired objectives. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 40-52 Issue: 1 Volume: 16 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2247930 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2247930 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:16:y:2024:i:1:p:40-52 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2289248_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Mwanajuma Suleiman Mgeni Author-X-Name-First: Mwanajuma Suleiman Author-X-Name-Last: Mgeni Author-Name: Haji Ali Haji Author-X-Name-First: Haji Ali Author-X-Name-Last: Haji Author-Name: Said Ali Yunus Author-X-Name-First: Said Ali Author-X-Name-Last: Yunus Author-Name: Ali Abdulla Abdulla Author-X-Name-First: Ali Abdulla Author-X-Name-Last: Abdulla Title: Adoption of mobile application for enhancing learning in higher education: Students’ views from the State University of Zanzibar, Tanzania Abstract: Mobile (m)-learning is a technology-enhanced learning approach utilizing mobile technologies to facilitate learning. Despite significant attention from previous researchers, there is a lack of adequate studies about student’s usage and perceptions of m-learning in Zanzibar’s’ higher learning institutions (HLIs). In this study, the researchers explored the specific activities undertaken by students through the m-learning system, the students’ perceptions on the usefulness and ease of use of m-learning system, and the challenges they faced at the State University of Zanzibar (SUZA). The study used the survey method with descriptive statistical analysis and examined 240 randomly selected participating in the m-learning initiative. The findings indicate that 96.7% of participants easily used the system to navigate learning resources, 92.9% viewed assignments, and 94.6% took quizzes. Additionally, the majority of the respondents showed a positive attitude regarding the usefulness and ease of use of the system. However, 57% of participants experienced challenges, including unreliable internet connectivity and system incompatibility with some of their devices. The findings of this study will help HLIs like SUZA to find better strategies to improve m-learning, especially pedagogical features and awareness among students. Moreover, the study underscores the importance of more research to discover factors that influence m-learning adoption in Africa HLIs. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 265-273 Issue: 2 Volume: 16 Year: 2024 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2289248 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2289248 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:16:y:2024:i:2:p:265-273 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2295626_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Asrat Mulat Asegie Author-X-Name-First: Asrat Mulat Author-X-Name-Last: Asegie Author-Name: Samuel Tadesse Adisalem Author-X-Name-First: Samuel Tadesse Author-X-Name-Last: Adisalem Author-Name: Amogne Asfaw Eshetu Author-X-Name-First: Amogne Asfaw Author-X-Name-Last: Eshetu Title: Perceived effects of COVID-19 on smallholder farmers’ agricultural production practices in Ethiopia Abstract: This study analyzed the perceived effects of COVID-19 on smallholder farmers’ agricultural production practices in the South Wollo and Oromo Administrative Zones of Ethiopia. Data were collected from 270 randomly selected respondents from September 5 to October 10, 2020. Data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The severity of problems is analyzed using a four-point Likert scale. The quantitative data were analyzed using mean and one sample t-test, while qualitative data were analyzed through thematic analysis. The one sample t-test result revealed that the respondents' level of agreement is statistically and significantly different from neutral in all cases at the 95 and 99% levels of confidence. These immediate problems caused the smallholder farmers to develop concerns about the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Smallholder farmers in Jige faced challenges like a lack of markets, collaboration issues, delayed agricultural activities, spoilage of produce, labour issues, and increased input prices. The government and development practitioners should prioritize timely agricultural input delivery through cooperative unions, transfer of information and advisory services, and the marketing of agricultural products using alternative strategies. This research contributes evidence-based information for decision-makers to devise appropriate and locally adaptable policy documents for the given policy recommendations. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 253-264 Issue: 2 Volume: 16 Year: 2024 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2295626 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2295626 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:16:y:2024:i:2:p:253-264 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2287804_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Ogbonnaya Ukeh Oteh Author-X-Name-First: Ogbonnaya Ukeh Author-X-Name-Last: Oteh Author-Name: Jude Mbanasor Author-X-Name-First: Jude Author-X-Name-Last: Mbanasor Author-Name: Nnanna Mba Agwu Author-X-Name-First: Nnanna Mba Author-X-Name-Last: Agwu Author-Name: Ambrose Ogbonna Oloveze Author-X-Name-First: Ambrose Ogbonna Author-X-Name-Last: Oloveze Title: Building sustainable agri-food market systems: Interconnectedness of social, economic and environmental factors in biofortified cassava food systems Abstract: Sustainability and the future of food systems have become major food policy discourses in recent years. While prior research has focused on analyzing social, economic, and environmental aspects of sustainability separately, the present study takes a broader approach to understand the interconnectedness of these dimensions. The present study involves a cross-sectional survey of 90 biofortified cassava base of pyramid (BoP) producers in Nigeria. Data for this study were collected through structured interviews and analyzed using a combination of descriptive analysis and the structural equation modelling (SEM) method. The analysis of the fit indices indicates that the model is appropriate, and the associations between the dimensions and their constructs are statistically significant and positive, suggesting a robust relationship that supports the hypothesized path movements. Our analysis revealed a strong correlation between environmental and economic issues, emphasizing the significance of value-based supply chain practices as a marketing option and its considerable market potential, among other considerations. The study supports adopting a systemic approach in managing sustainability challenges and, thus, serves as a foundation for developing sustainable policies that align the demands of the market, society, and environment. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 238-252 Issue: 2 Volume: 16 Year: 2024 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2287804 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2287804 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:16:y:2024:i:2:p:238-252 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2296631_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Workneh Fanta Author-X-Name-First: Workneh Author-X-Name-Last: Fanta Author-Name: Pat Gibbons Author-X-Name-First: Pat Author-X-Name-Last: Gibbons Author-Name: Berhanu Kuma Author-X-Name-First: Berhanu Author-X-Name-Last: Kuma Title: Factors affecting smallholder farmers’ local knowledge-based adaption to build resilience in Wolaita zone, Ethiopia Abstract: This study aims to identify factors affecting local adaptation strategies smallholder farmers are practising to adapt multiple stresses. Primary data were collected from 400 randomly sampled households from six districts of Wolaita zone by face-to-face interviews, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. Survey data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. A binary logit model was employed to identify factors affecting smallholder farmers’ local adaptation strategies. A total of 15 explanatory variables, identified from relevant empirical literature, was included in the binary logit model to assess their relationship to the dependent variable – households’ decision to employ various local adaptations. The study found that eight of the explanatory variables such as age, farmland size, livestock owned, income, distance to market, extension agent visist, participation in the local organizations, and agro-ecology significantly influenced local adaption strategies. Additionally, qualitative data from focus group discussions and key informant interviews showed that the role and use of local adaptation have been ignored and marginalized. This study suggests the government should recognize the importance of local knowledge, multiple stakeholders should participate to enhance smallholders’ adaptabilities, interdisciplinary research is required, and communities should be supported to share their knowledge to build synergies between different knowledge systems. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 283-296 Issue: 2 Volume: 16 Year: 2024 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2296631 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2296631 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:16:y:2024:i:2:p:283-296 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2290760_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Siyasanga Qomoyi Author-X-Name-First: Siyasanga Author-X-Name-Last: Qomoyi Author-Name: Sikhulumile Sinyolo Author-X-Name-First: Sikhulumile Author-X-Name-Last: Sinyolo Author-Name: Kgabo Hector Ramoroka Author-X-Name-First: Kgabo Hector Author-X-Name-Last: Ramoroka Author-Name: Amy Kahn Author-X-Name-First: Amy Author-X-Name-Last: Kahn Author-Name: Luthando Zondi Author-X-Name-First: Luthando Author-X-Name-Last: Zondi Title: A quantitative analysis of obstacles to innovation among small, micro, and medium-sized enterprises: Evidence from South Africa Abstract: Firm-level innovation in sub-Saharan Africa remains under-researched. To address this gap, this paper examines the obstacles to innovation faced by small, micro, and medium-sized enterprises (SMMEs) in South Africa. Using the 2018 Business Innovation Survey, we apply the double-hurdle model to investigate factors determining a firm’s decision to invest, and the intensity of innovation. Our results show that cost and institutional obstacles were significantly more important as disincentive factors for medium-sized enterprises while knowledge obstacles were significant disincentive factors for large enterprises. In addition, market obstacles hampered investment among large enterprises. Interestingly, none of these factors was found to deter innovation intensity among small and micro enterprises. The study findings suggest that there is no one-size-fits-all approach to innovation policy and intervention programmes to support innovation within firms of different sizes. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 195-205 Issue: 2 Volume: 16 Year: 2024 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2290760 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2290760 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:16:y:2024:i:2:p:195-205 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2269054_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Option Takunda Chiwaridzo Author-X-Name-First: Option Takunda Author-X-Name-Last: Chiwaridzo Author-Name: Reason Masengu Author-X-Name-First: Reason Author-X-Name-Last: Masengu Title: Technology adoption meets green tourism supply chain management for sustainability of small and medium-sized tourism enterprises: A lesson from Zimbabwe Abstract: In the global pursuit of achieving sustainability within the tourism sector, technology adoption and green tourism supply chain management (GTSCM) have garnered dominant attention. This research examines how small and medium tourism enterprises (SMTEs) in Zimbabwe can achieve sustainability by adopting technology and practising green tourism supply chain management (GTSCM). Positivism philosophy was adopted in line with the quantitative nature of the study. The research embraced an explanatory survey research design and a structured questionnaire was used to gather primary data. The survey’s population was drawn from SMTEs in the tourism sector and data were collected from 615 representatives. The survey found a significant positive relationship between technology adoption, GTSCM and sustainability dimensions, except social sustainability. Additionally, GTSCM mediated these relationships, except social sustainability. The findings highlight the crucial role of GTSCM in influencing sustainability outcomes within SMTEs in the tourism sector. The study suggests adopting technology and GTSCM practices can improve SMTEs’ sustainability. It contributes knowledge on the relationships between technology, GTSCM, and SMTEs’ sustainability in tourism. Implications provide insights for policymakers on promoting sustainable practices and sustainability goals in tourism. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 153-165 Issue: 2 Volume: 16 Year: 2024 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2269054 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2269054 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:16:y:2024:i:2:p:153-165 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2286709_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Eric Asiamah Yeboah Author-X-Name-First: Eric Asiamah Author-X-Name-Last: Yeboah Author-Name: Kelvin Balcombe Author-X-Name-First: Kelvin Author-X-Name-Last: Balcombe Author-Name: Bright Owusu Asante Author-X-Name-First: Bright Owusu Author-X-Name-Last: Asante Author-Name: Stephen Prah Author-X-Name-First: Stephen Author-X-Name-Last: Prah Author-Name: Robert Aidoo Author-X-Name-First: Robert Author-X-Name-Last: Aidoo Title: Does participation in innovation platform improve welfare? Insights from smallholder maize farmers in Ghana Abstract: This paper investigates the impact of participation in innovation platforms (IPs) on smallholder maize farmers’ welfare in the Brong Ahafo region of Ghana using data collected from 477 rural farm households. We employed the doubly robust inverse probability weighted regression adjustment method (IPWRA) and propensity score matching (PSM) approach to examine the impact of IP participation on yield, income, and per capita consumption expenditure. The empirical results show that age, farming experience, farm size, land ownership, and credit access are the main determinants of participation in IPs in Ghana. In addition, the results show that participation in IPs increases yields and household income and reduces per capita expenditure of smallholder maize farmers in Ghana. Furthermore, the advantages of engaging in the IPs go beyond the traditional extension service delivery approach. This highlights the importance of policymakers and agricultural development agencies in developing nations to establish policies that encourage the establishment of IPs and promote their involvement among small-scale farmers, resulting in better living standards. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 182-194 Issue: 2 Volume: 16 Year: 2024 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2286709 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2286709 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:16:y:2024:i:2:p:182-194 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2287818_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Prince Hikouatcha Author-X-Name-First: Prince Author-X-Name-Last: Hikouatcha Author-Name: Alain Gilles Tagne Foka Author-X-Name-First: Alain Gilles Tagne Author-X-Name-Last: Foka Author-Name: Armand Depesquidoux Fossi Author-X-Name-First: Armand Depesquidoux Author-X-Name-Last: Fossi Author-Name: Simplice A Asongu Author-X-Name-First: Simplice A Author-X-Name-Last: Asongu Title: Empirical investigation of the Fintech and financial literacy nexus: Small business managers’ insights in Cameroon Abstract: Recent and ongoing advancements in the field of ICT have led to the introduction of increasingly diversified financial products, and their use is improving people’s level of financial knowledge and skills. This article aims at assessing the effect of Fintech on the level of financial literacy of small business’ managers in Cameroon. To this end, information was gathered using a questionnaire from 209 small business managers in Cameroon. Descriptive statistics, principal component analysis (PCA), and multiple linear regression are used. Results lead to two main conclusions. On the one hand, unlike knowledge of their existence, the frequency of use of Fintech tools is better able to contribute to improving financial literacy levels overall. On the other hand, specifically, this result is of increased importance when it comes to competence and self-confidence in managing financial affairs. As a result, increasing the utilization of financial technology instruments in companies is imperative for efficiency. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 219-237 Issue: 2 Volume: 16 Year: 2024 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2287818 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2287818 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:16:y:2024:i:2:p:219-237 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2274674_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Getahun Tolossa Adugna Author-X-Name-First: Getahun Tolossa Author-X-Name-Last: Adugna Author-Name: Wondemhunegn Ezezew Melesse Author-X-Name-First: Wondemhunegn Ezezew Author-X-Name-Last: Melesse Author-Name: Yinges Alemu Muche Author-X-Name-First: Yinges Alemu Author-X-Name-Last: Muche Title: E-government’s role in enhancing foreign direct investment to sub-Saharan African countries: An application of system GMM Abstract: In recent years, the provision of government services through electronic platforms has significantly increased due to the rapid development of digital technologies. The significant shift in digital governance is expected to have an effect on key macroeconomic variables through its speed, efficiency, and convenience. Therefore, this study empirically evaluates the effects of e-government development on foreign direct investment inflows by targeting sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. The study covers the panel data of periods 2003–2022 for 44 SSA countries. The data were analyzed using both descriptive and econometric techniques with STATA 17 software. According to the System GMM model used in the study, e-government is a significant factor that positively affects FDI inflows, and scale neutral that significantly benefits both less growing and more growing economies. Furthermore, the result from threshold analysis shows that the positive effect of e-government on FDI inflows is influenced by the development of telecommunication infrastructure. The key insight for policy arising from this paper is that in addition to the macroeconomic factors, FDI inflows are affected by digital transformation and technology-augmented government services. Therefore, development interventions should emphasize the improvement of such institutional and technological systems to enhance FDI inflows to the region. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 166-181 Issue: 2 Volume: 16 Year: 2024 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2274674 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2274674 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:16:y:2024:i:2:p:166-181 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2296232_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Hussain Abbas Author-X-Name-First: Hussain Author-X-Name-Last: Abbas Author-Name: Guo Fei Author-X-Name-First: Guo Author-X-Name-Last: Fei Author-Name: Shah Abbas Author-X-Name-First: Shah Author-X-Name-Last: Abbas Author-Name: Farhan Hussain Author-X-Name-First: Farhan Author-X-Name-Last: Hussain Title: Financial innovation and banking performance: The role of banking regulations in SAARC Region Abstract: The rapid proliferation of information and communication technology has accelerated innovation in financial instruments, resulting in a heightened transformation of the competitive landscape and regulatory framework within the banking sector. Despite ongoing policy debates regarding the role and significance of financial innovation and regulation, there is a scarcity of empirical studies investigating their implications in the context of South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). Therefore, this study seeks to bridge this gap by examining the impact of financial innovation and regulation on bank performance. Specifically, it assesses how financial innovation influences bank performance and how this interaction varies across different aspects of the institutional environment in relation to bank performance. To achieve the objectives of study, we employ panel regression methods, including fixed and random effect models, to analyze a dataset consisting of 88 banks from SAARC countries for the period 2007 to 2019. Our findings reveal a significant positive relationship between financial innovation and banking performance. In addition to this, bank regulation has a moderating role in the relationship between financial innovation and bank performance over the sample period. This indicates that both financial innovation and regulation help to improve the quality and efficiency of banking services. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 206-218 Issue: 2 Volume: 16 Year: 2024 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2296232 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2296232 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:16:y:2024:i:2:p:206-218 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2296181_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Alex Boakye Author-X-Name-First: Alex Author-X-Name-Last: Boakye Title: Estimating the impact of digital technologies on government operations, business operations and general welfare: The case of South Africa Abstract: The shift towards digitalization is fundamentally transforming societies and changing lives. Meanwhile, many African countries are lagging behind on the dividends of accelerated digital technologies to address their developmental challenges. This is partly because of the dearth of evidence demonstrating how technological integration impacts on economic growth and poverty reduction. By relying on panel data for the period 2011–2021, this study empirically estimates the degree to which ICT adoption contributes to South Africa’s economic competitiveness along four indicators: boosting productivity, accelerating business growth, increasing government operational efficiency, and creating opportunities for people. The data were analyzed using multivariate regression analysis. The findings indicated a strong positive correlation between the application of digital technologies and the improvement of business operations welfare improvement, and GDP growth. The findings suggest to policymakers the need to prioritize interventions that drive investment in digital infrastructure. Given the net positive effects of ICT innovations, it is also recommended that policymakers focus on building the ICT skills of South Africans, while ensuring a business-friendly environment that enables fast digital penetration in the economy. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 274-282 Issue: 2 Volume: 16 Year: 2024 Month: 02 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2296181 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2296181 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:16:y:2024:i:2:p:274-282 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2328999_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Rasaq Raimi Author-X-Name-First: Rasaq Author-X-Name-Last: Raimi Author-Name: Andrew Phiri Author-X-Name-First: Andrew Author-X-Name-Last: Phiri Title: Examining the income gap-gender inequality nexus in Africa using bi-wavelet and partial wavelet coherence analysis Abstract: The eradication of gender discrimination traditions and the reduction of income disparities are vital global objectives outlined in Sustainable Development Goals 4 and 10, particularly in African nations where gender and income gaps persist. In alignment with these goals, this study employs wavelet techniques to investigate the relationship between income inequality and gender equality in 31 selected African countries, utilizing available data spanning from 1998 to 2020. Analysis of the co-movement between gender equality and income gap reveals that gender equality plays a crucial role in narrowing the income disparity in African countries. Expanding the analysis to control for the impact of economic growth through the implementation of partial wavelet tools, does not change these results. Further dissemination of our findings reveals that improved gender equality has a more pronounced impact on reducing income inequality in anglophone nations compared to their francophone counterparts, given variations in legal frameworks and religious practices. This emphasizes the importance of gender-sensitive policies in effectively addressing income inequality in Africa and suggests that policymakers should tailor country-specific policies to account for differences in gender laws, cultures, and religious beliefs. Overall, our study presents novel evidence linking income and gender inequality in Africa at country level. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 410-424 Issue: 3 Volume: 16 Year: 2024 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2024.2328999 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2024.2328999 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:16:y:2024:i:3:p:410-424 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2296673_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Joseph Ikechukwu Uduji Author-X-Name-First: Joseph Ikechukwu Author-X-Name-Last: Uduji Author-Name: Elda Nduka Okolo-Obasi Author-X-Name-First: Elda Nduka Author-X-Name-Last: Okolo-Obasi Title: Analysis of rural women’s access to financial services and corporate social responsibility in Nigeria’s Niger delta region Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives of multinational oil companies (MOCs) in Nigeria. Its special focus is to investigate the impact of the global memorandum of understanding (GMoU) on enhancing rural women’s financial inclusion in the areas of access to credit, insurance, propensity of women to save and the widening of economic opportunities in the Niger Delta. A total of 800 rural women were sampled across the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Results from the use of a combined propensity score matching and logit model indicate that the GMoU model has made significant impact on closing the gaps in financial services, thereby removing women’s constraints on their efforts to enhance their financial literacy. The results also confirm that innovative delivery channels and social networks of the GMoUs have reduced some costs in the areas of access to credit, insurance, propensity to save and the widening of economic opportunities of rural women in the oil host communities. However, a further look at the rural women’s participation in the CSR activities using SCOTDI shows that even though the involvement of the women is appreciable, it is insignificant when compared with their male counterparts. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 309-323 Issue: 3 Volume: 16 Year: 2024 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2296673 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2296673 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:16:y:2024:i:3:p:309-323 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2317625_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Desalegn Girma Mengistu Author-X-Name-First: Desalegn Girma Author-X-Name-Last: Mengistu Author-Name: Bereket Amare Sida Author-X-Name-First: Bereket Amare Author-X-Name-Last: Sida Author-Name: Tariku Nigussie Keneni Author-X-Name-First: Tariku Nigussie Author-X-Name-Last: Keneni Title: Role of the stakeholders and regulatory instruments in technology and innovation development in Ethiopian construction industry Abstract: The purpose of this study is to assess the role of stakeholders and the applicable regulatory instruments in ensuring technology and innovation development (TID) in Ethiopian construction industry. A structured questionnaire was developed to assess the engagement level of major stakeholders and effectiveness of the applicable regulatory instruments. In analyzing the quantitative data, while mean score was used to rank the variables, factor analysis was conducted to identify the underlying dimensions. A semi-structured interview was conducted to get detail insight about the practice. In addition, document analysis was conducted to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the applicable regulatory instruments. The qualitative data was analyzed thematically focusing on the purpose of the study. Despite their significant role, the stakeholders’ engagement level is found to be unsatisfactory. Similarly, the findings suggest that there is room for improvement in the relevant regulatory instruments to better accommodate TID. The identified improvement dimensions are associated with timeliness, effectiveness, and appropriateness of the applicable regulatory instruments. These are attributed to the poor coordination and weak capacity of the stakeholders. Findings of this study help the concerned stakeholders in indicating the intervention areas to effectively enhance TID in the construction industry. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 344-354 Issue: 3 Volume: 16 Year: 2024 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2024.2317625 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2024.2317625 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:16:y:2024:i:3:p:344-354 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2296681_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Bernadin Géraud Comlan Ahodode Author-X-Name-First: Bernadin Géraud Comlan Author-X-Name-Last: Ahodode Author-Name: Eugène Bertrand Okala Eloundou Author-X-Name-First: Eugène Bertrand Author-X-Name-Last: Okala Eloundou Title: Financial innovation, financial inclusion, and enterprise performance: A sectoral analysis Abstract: This study analyzed the effects of the use of financial services (financial innovation and financial inclusion) on the enterprises’ performance in Cameroon. Ordinary least squares and logit model estimation methods were used for the empirical analyses. The data used are those of the World Bank's Enterprise Survey 2016 data. The results reveal, on the one hand, positive effects of all financial services on the productivity of the enterprise’s workforce and on their probability of exporting, with the respective exception of the unique use of microfinance and mobile money. On the other hand, the contribution of banking services to the improvement of manufacturing turnover, and in particular of banking, microfinance, and mobile money services to the improvement of trade and services turnover, is noted. Thus, it is necessary to liberalize the financial sector for the benefit of network operators so that they can also operate internationally and in terms of microfinance institutions for the improvement of enterprise performance in Cameroon like their peers in Ghana and Kenya. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 324-343 Issue: 3 Volume: 16 Year: 2024 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2296681 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2296681 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:16:y:2024:i:3:p:324-343 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2296653_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Amy Kahn Author-X-Name-First: Amy Author-X-Name-Last: Kahn Author-Name: Atoko Kasongo Author-X-Name-First: Atoko Author-X-Name-Last: Kasongo Author-Name: Moses M. Sithole Author-X-Name-First: Moses M. Author-X-Name-Last: Sithole Author-Name: Kgabo Hector Ramoroka Author-X-Name-First: Kgabo Hector Author-X-Name-Last: Ramoroka Title: An analysis of the micro- and macro-economic determinants of firm R&D intensity in the South African business sector Abstract: Research and experimental development (R&D) is an important driver of economic growth and productivity. Gross expenditure on domestic R&D (GERD) is a country’s total expenditure on R&D performed by all sectors of the economy. South Africa’s GERD as a percentage of its GDP (GERD/GDP) remains below government targets and has stagnated over the past decade, largely due to declining business sector R&D. This paper aims to identify the drivers of firm-level R&D intensity, defined as the firm’s R&D expenditure as a percentage of turnover. It is the first South African study to examine both micro- and macro-economic drivers of firm R&D, with a paucity of literature on this topic for middle-income countries. Using the South African National R&D Survey data, the study utilized the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) model and found that public financial support for firms, smaller firm-size, firm-level collaboration, political stability, foreign direct investment, and public R&D investment are positively associated with firm R&D intensity. The results highlight the importance of public financial support for smaller firms and investments in higher education and research institutions in promoting firm-level R&D, thereby providing useful policy insights for boosting business sector and economy-wide R&D expenditure and reaching national GERD/GDP targets. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 297-308 Issue: 3 Volume: 16 Year: 2024 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2023.2296653 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2023.2296653 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:16:y:2024:i:3:p:297-308 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2329017_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Jussi S. Jauhiainen Author-X-Name-First: Jussi S. Author-X-Name-Last: Jauhiainen Author-Name: John Ouma Mugabe Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Ouma Mugabe Title: Innovation research in and on Africa: A literature analysis in 2015–2021 Abstract: Innovation scholars disseminate their significant findings through international scientific journals. We conducted content analysis of 2,869 peer-reviewed articles on innovation in Africa, examining their origins, themes, collaborative networks, and scholarly influence. These articles, spanning the years 2015–2021, were curated from the Web of Science database across scientific, social science, and humanities journals. The findings reveal that 46.3% of these articles lacked contributions from African organizations or scholars, while 25.1% involved collaborations between African and non-African entities. A remaining 28.6% were exclusively authored by African scholars, with South African universities being the most frequent contributors. Notably, articles authored by scholars from non-African institutions garnered more citations and appeared in journals with higher impact factors. Key themes within these articles revolved around the knowledge economy, African business innovation, agricultural advancements, and the role of mobile phones in knowledge dissemination and marketing. Surprisingly, sustainability topics were notably absent. South Africa, Kenya, and Ghana featured prominently in the discussions. In conclusion, it is imperative to foster broader participation from African nations and scholars in innovation research and ensure a stronger African perspective in international publications. Additionally, as open-access publishing gains momentum, concerns about escalating publishing costs warrant attention. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 425-438 Issue: 3 Volume: 16 Year: 2024 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2024.2329017 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2024.2329017 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:16:y:2024:i:3:p:425-438 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2326791_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Swelihle Twitwi Dlamini Author-X-Name-First: Swelihle Twitwi Author-X-Name-Last: Dlamini Author-Name: Chanté Botha Author-X-Name-First: Chanté Author-X-Name-Last: Botha Title: The use of augmented and virtual reality to enhance the customer experience Abstract: Digital technologies such as augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) offer businesses an opportunity to create a competitive advantage by providing a unique customer experience across the customer’s pre-purchase, purchase, and post-purchase journey. Several businesses have engaged with these technologies, yet, South African businesses are slow adopters. A qualitative study was conducted with AR and VR developers to determine how businesses can use AR and VR technologies to enhance their customer experience. Additionally, the study aimed to identify the factors contributing to and hindering the adoption of AR and VR technologies. The findings indicate that these technologies are mainly used for (1) marketing and (2) training purposes, enabling product customization, enhanced brand experience, and improved communication. Several factors contributing to adopting these technologies were identified, such as improved marketing campaigns, reduced training risks, reinforcing best practices, identifying and managing potential hazards, and offering simulations of real-life events. The factors that hinder the adoption include high cost, data usage, customer adoption, and lack of high-quality user experience designers. The findings of this study offer several practical contributions to assist businesses in the decision to implement and engage with these technologies. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 399-409 Issue: 3 Volume: 16 Year: 2024 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2024.2326791 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2024.2326791 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:16:y:2024:i:3:p:399-409 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2317645_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: R. M. Suresh Author-X-Name-First: R. M. Author-X-Name-Last: Suresh Author-Name: V. G. R. Chandran Author-X-Name-First: V. G. R. Author-X-Name-Last: Chandran Author-Name: Sonia Kumari Selvarajan Author-X-Name-First: Sonia Kumari Author-X-Name-Last: Selvarajan Title: Subjective well-being, social network, financial stability and living environment of the displaced community: Implications for an inclusive society Abstract: This study examines the state of subjective well-being (SWB), living and social environment of the displaced community in Putrajaya, Malaysia. The study also explores the determinants of SWB through a survey of 141 households and interviews. The results show that almost half of the household heads have low SWB. The community faces disadvantages in terms of physical living conditions, neighbourhood environment and financial stability. SWB has been shown to correlate strongly with social networks such as family and neighbourhood relationships. In addition, long-term financial stability (rather than income) and a stable living environment contribute significantly to higher SWB. We argue that more prudent policies to promote the well-being of the displaced community are needed to achieve the inclusive development that the government seeks. In particular, intervention programmes are crucial to improve the social network, living conditions and financial stability of the displaced community. The study contributes to uncovering the lack of comprehensive knowledge on the problems of SWB, especially regarding the development of the displaced community, to generate policy insights. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 370-381 Issue: 3 Volume: 16 Year: 2024 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2024.2317645 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2024.2317645 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:16:y:2024:i:3:p:370-381 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2317640_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Mohamad Bleik Author-X-Name-First: Mohamad Author-X-Name-Last: Bleik Title: Factors that impact the implementation of blockchain in logistics in the United Arab Emirates Abstract: This study investigates the factors influencing the implementation of blockchain in logistics in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), including security, privacy, end-user benefits, quality control, technology infrastructure, and lack of general awareness. A mixed-methods approach was used, with data collected through survey questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The research targeted logisticians in the UAE's supply chain department, using random probability sampling and a sample size of 151 for surveys and using purposive sampling for recruiting 10 experts. Using SPSS 24.0, the Pearson Correlation analysis revealed a strong association between blockchain in logistics and IT infrastructure and awareness of blockchain in the UAE logistics sector. Exploratory factor analysis showed a significant difference towards the security of data in the implementation of blockchain in the logistics sector in the UAE. This research suggests that implementing blockchain technology in UAE logistics companies can enhance data security and quality control, influencing managers’ decisions positively and recommends prioritizing data security and quality control. The study's geographical context emphasizes its contribution in the research area showing the importance of considering cost, benefits, security, IT infrastructure ownership, and awareness aspects in the adoption of blockchain technology in supply chain management. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 355-369 Issue: 3 Volume: 16 Year: 2024 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2024.2317640 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2024.2317640 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:16:y:2024:i:3:p:355-369 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2334172_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Freeman Munisi Mateko Author-X-Name-First: Freeman Munisi Author-X-Name-Last: Mateko Title: Information and communication technology and poverty alleviation in Nigeria Abstract: There is a disconnect between the abundant resources at the national level and the severe poverty at individual and household levels in Nigeria. Information and communication technology is an efficient tool that the Asian economies have used to alleviate poverty. Information and communication technology is regarded as a tool which helps create an information and communication technology-based economy. This quantitative study examined how Nigeria can use information and communication technology to alleviate the enormous poverty levels. Data were sourced from the World Bank and International Telecommunication Union, for the period 1992–2020. In terms of the research methodology, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag model was employed in the research. The empirical findings showed that information and communication technology can have a projected 50% positive effect in reducing poverty. Foreign direct investment had a positive effect on reducing income inequality. Primary research findings depicted that information and communication technology, economic growth, foreign direct investment and private domestic credit were key tools for reducing poverty in Nigeria. Concerning policy recommendations, it was suggested that private domestic credit and foreign direct investment should be channelled to the information and communication technology sector to have a greater impact on poverty alleviation. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 439-450 Issue: 3 Volume: 16 Year: 2024 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2024.2334172 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2024.2334172 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:16:y:2024:i:3:p:439-450 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: RAJS_A_2317657_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Richmond Atta-Ankomah Author-X-Name-First: Richmond Author-X-Name-Last: Atta-Ankomah Title: Mobile money and intra-household employment diversification: Empirical evidence from Ghana Abstract: This study investigates the effect of mobile money on intra-household employment diversification in Ghana using data from the seventh round of the Ghana Living Standards Surveys. The study relies on several econometric models including instrumental variables and shows that mobile money has a statistically significant and positive effect on the probability to diversify employment irrespective of whether diversification is measured across paid employment, household farm and household nonfarm activities or across agriculture, industry and services sectors. Additionally, it was found that mobile money positively affects the extent of employment diversification across paid employment, farm and nonfarm activities. These effects, however, largely pertain to rural communities with null effects for urban communities. A statistically significant and positive effects are found for both male and female headed households although the magnitude of the effect generally tend be slightly higher for male headed households. The findings suggest that policies that promote mobile money adoption and usage can deepen employment diversification, and hence, may help protect or improve household welfare, particularly in rural areas. The study therefore makes a significant contribution on mobile money’s impact on household diversification and whether the impact varies by the forms of diversification, gender and locality of residence. Journal: African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development Pages: 382-398 Issue: 3 Volume: 16 Year: 2024 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2024.2317657 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/20421338.2024.2317657 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:rajsxx:v:16:y:2024:i:3:p:382-398