Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chris Allen Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Allen Title: Zaïre, South Africa: moving forward? Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 165-170 Issue: 72 Volume: 24 Year: 1997 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249708704250 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249708704250 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:24:y:1997:i:72:p:165-170 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Gibbs Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Gibbs Title: International commercial rivalries & the zai'rian copper nationalisation of 1967 Abstract: Research on the international relations of the African continent has generally eschewed the phenomenon of rivalry among the advanced capitalist powers for commercial and political influence south of the Sahara. Most studies of Africa's international relations, especially from a critical perspective, have tended to emphasize the unityof the northern, capitalist powers in opposing challenges from third world countries. During the 1970s, research emphasized the efforts of multinational corporations and their home governments to prevent or undermine efforts at economic nationalism in third world countries. While such studies did recognize the potential for somewhat varied responses to rationalistic ‘threats’, there was a widespread assumption that the rich nations would exhibit a significant degree of unity in preserving international property rights and the free flow of capital. More recently, critical studies have emphasized the salience of the international financial community and the International Monetary Fund in reestablishing political and economic hegemony over peripheral areas, including Africa (Mohan & Zack‐Williams, 1995). Such approaches tend to overlook the phenomenon of conflict and competition among these powers. This article will examine the historical basis of international rivalries in Zaïre, focusing on the rise of General Mobutu's regime, primarily during the late 1960s. During this period, the United States was seeking to expand its commercial and political influence in Zaïre, generally at the expense of established European interests. The principal protagonist of the US was the former colonial power, Belgium. In essence, it will be argued, inter‐capitalist rivalries in Zaïre were an inevitable outgrowth of decolonization. The European powers had always used colonialism as a method to maintain exclusive or quasi‐exclusive trading and investment opportunities for home country interests and to exclude potential interlopers ‐ such as the United States. During the 1960s, the US viewed the circumstances of decolonization as an opportunity for political and commercial expansion, sometimes at the expense of European interests. European‐US conflicts, some of which continue to the present day, were the result. Historical conflicts such as these are highly relevant to understanding present‐day international relations in Central Africa when once again, rivalries among the western powers ‐ this time between the US and France ‐ are apparent. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 171-184 Issue: 72 Volume: 24 Year: 1997 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249708704251 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249708704251 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:24:y:1997:i:72:p:171-184 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gina Porter Author-X-Name-First: Gina Author-X-Name-Last: Porter Author-Name: Kevin Phillips‐Howard Author-X-Name-First: Kevin Author-X-Name-Last: Phillips‐Howard Title: Agricultural issues in the former homelands of South Africa: the Transkei Abstract: This article examines the prospects for agricultural development and rural transformation in Transkei, one of the largest of the former homelands of South Africa. In view of Transkei's size, its substantial population and largely rural character, an understanding of its current problems and potential are extremely important in any assessment of agricultural prospects in the former homelands. The discussion draws on published research and on the authors’ own fieldwork after the April 1994 elections. Some of the most intractable problems facing the Government of National Unity currently lie in the former homelands, which were starved of investment under apartheid. The article reviews patterns of peasant production and commercial agriculture (including contract farming) in Transkei and attempts to set current issues concerning land, labour (including the role of women and children), inputs and infrastructural provision within a national and international context. The article begins by briefly setting the national context, before moving on to examine the specific conditions of agricultural activity in Transkei. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 185-202 Issue: 72 Volume: 24 Year: 1997 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249708704252 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249708704252 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:24:y:1997:i:72:p:185-202 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gregor Gall Author-X-Name-First: Gregor Author-X-Name-Last: Gall Title: Trade unions & the ANC in the ‘New’ South Africa Abstract: The article considers the relationship between the trade union movement and the African National Congress in the post‐apartheid period. Following their close historical relationship in the struggle to defeat apartheid, the trade union movement could reasonably have expected a large and influential role in the new government with reforms to increase members’ rights at work and terms and conditions of employment. The article explores the roots of the tensions between the two over these issues. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 203-218 Issue: 72 Volume: 24 Year: 1997 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249708704253 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249708704253 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:24:y:1997:i:72:p:203-218 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John S Saul Author-X-Name-First: John S Author-X-Name-Last: Saul Title: Liberal democracy vs. popular democracy in Southern Africa Abstract: This article accompanies an essay reviewing recent literature on ‘transitions to democracy’, which we publish in our next issue. There Saul contrasts two approaches to the understanding of democratisation. Both see transition as part of a larger political and economic process; for one this limits the possible scope and sustainability of democratisation, while for the other it threatens but also enhances its scope and strength. The latter approach, older and currently less fashionable, sees democratisation (and its analysis) as rooted in processes of imperialism, class struggle and state‐society relations. This ‘political economy of democratisation’ approach, characteristic of the work of Shivji and Saul, contrasts with a larger, more pessimistic body of work, which Saul labels the ‘political science of democratisation’. While sometimes used in suggestive ways, it can narrow debate disastrously when detached from any self‐conscious mooring in the critical traditions of political economy. This literature stresses the necessity of democratic institutions and values, but argues that only highly attenuated versions are currently feasible: ‘if reform is to be adopted without provoking a crisis’, then it must be reform consistent with the demands of capital and the neo‐liberalism of the IFIs. This companion article analyses two highly significant cases of transition in southern Africa; each seems to epitomise the ‘political science’ approach, yet to contain the longer term possibility of ‘popular democracy’. Thus in South Africa the left accepted the necessity of a carefully negotiated transition to obviate the risk of civil war. However, the ANC, to retain the ‘confidence’ of local and external capital and of foreign governments, has had to demobilise its (non‐electoral) popular support, and to abandon a social redistributive strategy in favour of a one dominated by neo‐liberal ‘market solutions’. What keeps a progressive agenda alive in these conditions are the pressures from trade unions, civics, women's organisations etc, where there are growing signs, at least at grassroots level, of resistance to the ANC's new project. In Mozambique, the transition has been less euphoric, more perhaps a matter of transition from authoritarian rule and from war than to a democratic regime. As in South Africa, the transition would seem to disempower popular forces ‐ but outside the electoral arena, there are instances of resistance and struggle within civil society, which may carry with them the longer‐term potential for the growth of popular democracy. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 219-236 Issue: 72 Volume: 24 Year: 1997 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249708704254 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249708704254 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:24:y:1997:i:72:p:219-236 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Simon Adams Author-X-Name-First: Simon Author-X-Name-Last: Adams Title: What's left?: The South African communist party after apartheid Abstract: The Communist Party of South Africa survived the collapse of communist states by virtue of its remarkable record of opposition to apartheid and its alliance with the ANC and COSATU. While this has allowed it to expand dramatically in membership and power since its legalisation in 1990, that power has accrued at the cost of influence. The Party leadership has found itself supporting conservative economic strategies and anti‐union actions, turning it into a pressure ‘five degrees to the left’ of the ANC. Membership and grassroots responses to this have been critical, and help to sustain optimism for a left project in South Africa. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 237-248 Issue: 72 Volume: 24 Year: 1997 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249708704255 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249708704255 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:24:y:1997:i:72:p:237-248 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zeric Kay Smith Author-X-Name-First: Zeric Kay Author-X-Name-Last: Smith Title: ‘From demons to democrats’: mali's student movement 1991--1996 Abstract: Student's have been hard hit by IMF‐WB policies in Mali. They have also been portrayed as a violent group and a negative influence on Malian democracy. This article looks at the evolution of recent student protest and the internal politics of the Association des Eleves et Etudiants du Mali, The Association of Students and Pupils of Mali (AEEM), in order to provide a clearer picture of the students and their grievances and to demonstrate that the AEEM has pursued a tactical transformation. The author concludes that a strong AEEM is a potentially healthy part of Mali's civil society and a vital component of Malian democracy. This is because the student movement articulates the interest of its constituents effectively. If their political strength happens to contradict the adjustment policies of multi‐lateral lenders, this is no reason to conclude that they are ipso facto an anti‐democratic force. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 249-263 Issue: 72 Volume: 24 Year: 1997 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249708704256 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249708704256 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:24:y:1997:i:72:p:249-263 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John A. Wiseman Author-X-Name-First: John A. Author-X-Name-Last: Wiseman Title: Letting Yahya Jammeh off lightly? Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 265-269 Issue: 72 Volume: 24 Year: 1997 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249708704257 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249708704257 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:24:y:1997:i:72:p:265-269 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael Barratt Brown Author-X-Name-First: Michael Barratt Author-X-Name-Last: Brown Title: In & against the market Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 269-276 Issue: 72 Volume: 24 Year: 1997 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249708704258 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249708704258 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:24:y:1997:i:72:p:269-276 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carole J.L. Collins Author-X-Name-First: Carole J.L. Author-X-Name-Last: Collins Title: The congo is back! Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 277-286 Issue: 72 Volume: 24 Year: 1997 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249708704259 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249708704259 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:24:y:1997:i:72:p:277-286 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Steve Riley Author-X-Name-First: Steve Author-X-Name-Last: Riley Title: Sierra leone: the militariat strikes again Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 287-292 Issue: 72 Volume: 24 Year: 1997 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249708704260 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249708704260 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:24:y:1997:i:72:p:287-292 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Motlasti Thabane Author-X-Name-First: Motlasti Author-X-Name-Last: Thabane Author-Name: Adam Leach Author-X-Name-First: Adam Author-X-Name-Last: Leach Title: Book reviews Abstract: Land Law in Lesotho: The Politics of the 1979 Land Act (1995), by Anita Shanta Franklin. Avebury: Aldershot, 1995. (I) ‐ v111+206pp. Reviewed by Motlatsi Thabane, National University of Lesotho. Citizen and Subject: Contemporary Africa and the Legacy of Late Colonialism (1996) by Mahmood Mamdani. James Currey, ISBN 0--85255--399--4. Reviewed by Adam Leach. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 293-297 Issue: 72 Volume: 24 Year: 1997 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249708704261 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249708704261 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:24:y:1997:i:72:p:293-297 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roy Love Author-X-Name-First: Roy Author-X-Name-Last: Love Author-Name: Ray Bush Author-X-Name-First: Ray Author-X-Name-Last: Bush Author-Name: Morris Szeftel Author-X-Name-First: Morris Author-X-Name-Last: Szeftel Title: Book notes Abstract: <bold>The <italic>Agrarian Question in South Africa</italic> </bold>, edited by Henry Bernstein. Frank Cass, London 1996 ISBN 0-7146-4737-3. <bold> <italic>Dream of Power: the Role of the Organisation of African Unity in the Politics of Africa, 1963--1993,</italic> </bold>Klaas van Walraven, Ridderprint, Netherlands, 1996. <bold> <italic>The African Development Bank</italic> </bold>, E Philip English & Harris M Mule. Intermediate Technology Publications, Lynn Reinner 1996. ISBN 1-85339-296-0. <bold> <italic>Now We Are Free: Coloured Communities in a Democratic South Africa,</italic> </bold>edited by Wilmot James, Daria Caliguire and Kerry Cullinan, Lynn Reinner 1996. ISBN 1-55587-693-5. <bold> <italic>Making a Market: The Institutional Transformation of an African Society,</italic> </bold>Jean Ensminger, Cambridge University Press, 1996. ISBN 0-521-57426-9 <bold> <italic>The Evolution of Ethiopian Absolutism: the Genesis and the Making of the Fiscal Military State, 1696--1913</italic> </bold>, Tsegaye Tegenu, Uppsala 1996, ISBN 91-554-3856-3. <bold> <italic>Gender, Lineage and Ethnicity in Southern Africa</italic> </bold>, Jean Davison. Westview Press, Boulder 1997. ISBN 0-8133-2760-1. <bold> <italic>The Anthropology of Anger: Civil Society and Democracy in Africa,</italic> </bold>Celestin Monga. Lynn Reinner, Boulder & London 1996. ISBN 1-55587-644-7. <bold> <italic>Dissonant Heritage: The Management of the Past as a Resource in Conflict,</italic> </bold>J E Tunbridge and G J Ashworth, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester 1996. ISBN 0-471-94887-X. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 297-301 Issue: 72 Volume: 24 Year: 1997 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249708704262 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249708704262 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:24:y:1997:i:72:p:297-301 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ray Bush Author-X-Name-First: Ray Author-X-Name-Last: Bush Author-Name: Morris Szeftel Author-X-Name-First: Morris Author-X-Name-Last: Szeftel Title: Commentary Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 307-310 Issue: 73 Volume: 24 Year: 1997 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249708704264 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249708704264 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:24:y:1997:i:73:p:307-310 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Giles Mohan Author-X-Name-First: Giles Author-X-Name-Last: Mohan Title: Developing differences: post‐structuralism & political economy in contemporary development studies Abstract: Difference can mean many things ‐ inequality, the non‐same or change. This article explores all these interpretations in the context of recent debates around development theory and praxis. In particular I focus on the ways in which post‐structuralist ideas have challenged those of various marxisms and how political activism may change as a result. I have taken ten books published in the last two years and drawn out themes which run through them. In many, the concept of development as discourse is opened up and various discourses are, to use the contemporary parlance, deconstructed to reveal the power relations underlying them. In doing this we see development as Eurocentric, patriarchal and disciplining. This also brings our analytical focus onto human agency and the construction and deployment of identities which has the potential to move us well away from materialist accounts of political action. The post‐colonial literature is examined briefly as it focuses on such complex issues of identity. After destabilising this knowledge‐action axis I look at how the various authors conceive of future change. For some the answer lies in civil society where these identities and resistances form the basis for ‘post‐developmental’ change. Others see a need to engage with the existing institutions, especially the state and the international lenders, and work both within and against them. I conclude with some problematics for future research and practice which centre on the need to re‐engage with political‐economy, re‐conceptualise class as an analytical and political category and place clear pressures upon the major institutions of neo‐imperialism. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 311-328 Issue: 73 Volume: 24 Year: 1997 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249708704265 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249708704265 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:24:y:1997:i:73:p:311-328 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chris Allen Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Allen Title: Who needs civil society? Abstract: ‘Civil society’ has become a popular concept in both the analysis of the social bases of recent political change in Africa, and in external policy support for processes of liberal democratic political reform. In the latter case, civil society, as represented by a set of (largely urban) formal organisations and especially by NGOs with external links, is portrayed as the driving force behind and guarantee of democratisation and the containment of the state. Conceptually, however, ‘civil society’ proves to be diffuse, hard to define, empirically imprecise, and ideologically laden. Analytically it is vacuous, and concepts such as class or gender contribute far more to understanding recent political change than can ‘civil society’. Its popularity and continued employment rest on its ideological underpinning, notably on claims that civil society is necessarily distinct from the state, in opposition to the state, and the source of (liberal) democratic values and pressures. It is thus the proponents of liberal democratic reform, notably those external to African polities, that ‘need’ civil society. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 329-337 Issue: 73 Volume: 24 Year: 1997 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249708704266 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249708704266 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:24:y:1997:i:73:p:329-337 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John S. Saul Author-X-Name-First: John S. Author-X-Name-Last: Saul Title: ‘For fear of being condemned as old fashioned’: liberal democracy vs. popular democracy in sub‐saharan Africa Abstract: This article is a theoretical companion to an essay on the ‘transition to democracy’, which we published in our previous issue, <italic>ROAPE</italic>72. Here John Saul contrasts two approaches to the understanding of democracy and democratisation, both of which see democratic transition as part of a larger political and economic process, which for one limits the possible scope and sustainability of democratisation, and for the other both threatens but also enhances its scope and strength. The latter approach, older and currently less fashionable, sees democracy and democratisation (and our analysis of them) as rooted in processes of imperialism, class struggle and state‐society relations. This ‘political economy’ of democratisation’ approach, characteristic of the work of Issa Shivji and of John Saul, is contrasted with a larger and more pessimistic body of work, which Saul labels as the ‘political science of democratisation’. Thus Diamond, Huntington, Przeworski, Di Palma and others, while stressing the necessity of democratic institutions and values, at the same time argue that only a highly attenuated version of these is feasible under current (African) conditions, and that ‘if reform is to be adopted without provoking a crisis’ (Diamond), then it must be reform consistent with the demands of capital and the neo‐liberalism of the IFIs: ‘thin’ democracy. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 339-353 Issue: 73 Volume: 24 Year: 1997 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249708704267 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249708704267 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:24:y:1997:i:73:p:339-353 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Quentin Outram Author-X-Name-First: Quentin Author-X-Name-Last: Outram Title: ‘It's terminal either way’: an analysis of armed conflict in liberia, 1989--1996 Abstract: The wars which have wracked Liberia since the end of 1989 have reduced a country which was once regarded as one of the more fortunate in Africa to a state of long‐term aid dependency. Perhaps 150,000 or more have been killed and at many points over the last seven years a third of the country's pre‐war population has been living as refugees in neighbouring states and another third has been internally displaced by the conflict. The continuing warfare has made it difficult to address the large‐scale humanitarian problems inevitable in such circumstances: rates of undernutrition have sometimes reached very high levels and on at least one occasion have reached heights which rival the worst recorded in any part of the world (Outram, 1997). This article seeks to advance our understanding of the causes of this suffering. It does so not primarily by examining the experiences of the victims, important though this is, but by investigating the political economy of the Liberian wars including the circumstances and the actions of the warring factions. In this I follow Keen's call to understand the actions of oppressor groups involved in humanitarian emergencies, as well as those of their victims (1994:232). Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 355-371 Issue: 73 Volume: 24 Year: 1997 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249708704268 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249708704268 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:24:y:1997:i:73:p:355-371 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A.B. Zack‐Williams Author-X-Name-First: A.B. Author-X-Name-Last: Zack‐Williams Title: Kamajors, ‘sober’ & the militariat: civil society & the return of the military in sierra leonean politics Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 373-380 Issue: 73 Volume: 24 Year: 1997 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249708704269 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249708704269 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:24:y:1997:i:73:p:373-380 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carolyn Baylies Author-X-Name-First: Carolyn Author-X-Name-Last: Baylies Author-Name: Janet Bujra Author-X-Name-First: Janet Author-X-Name-Last: Bujra Title: Social science research on AIDS in Africa: Questions of content, methodology and ethics (Recherches dans les Sciences Humaines sur le SIDA en Afrique: Problèmes de contenu, de méthodologie et de déontologie) Abstract: An international symposium on the ‘Social Sciences and AIDS in Africa’, held in Sali Portudal, Senegal, in November 1996, served as an important forum for bringing together English and French speaking researchers and AIDS activists. Jointly organised by Codesria (Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa), CNLS (the National Committee for the Prevention of AIDS in Senegal) and Ostrom (The French Institute of Scientific Research for Development and Cooperation), it covered a wide range of topics, with reference to a broad spectrum of individual country experience. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 380-388 Issue: 73 Volume: 24 Year: 1997 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249708704270 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249708704270 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:24:y:1997:i:73:p:380-388 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lucy Johnston Author-X-Name-First: Lucy Author-X-Name-Last: Johnston Author-Name: Ruaridh Nicoll Author-X-Name-First: Ruaridh Author-X-Name-Last: Nicoll Title: AIDS drugs cut to ‘Guinea Pigs’ Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 388-389 Issue: 73 Volume: 24 Year: 1997 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249708704271 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249708704271 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:24:y:1997:i:73:p:388-389 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ray Bush Author-X-Name-First: Ray Author-X-Name-Last: Bush Title: Africa's environmental crisis: challenging the orthodoxies Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 503-513 Issue: 74 Volume: 24 Year: 1997 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249708704278 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249708704278 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:24:y:1997:i:74:p:503-513 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reginald Cline‐Cole Author-X-Name-First: Reginald Author-X-Name-Last: Cline‐Cole Title: Promoting (anti‐)social forestry in northern Nigeria? Abstract: Across Nigeria, there exists a need for a comprehensive inventory of natural resources, including forestry resources, and for the identification and promotion of ecologically sound development practice. This is of particular relevance in the drylands of the extreme north which depend overwhelmingly on biomass energy, and where the dominant form of land use change is the expansion of agriculture into woodland, shrubland and grassland. Here, vast expanses of land are reportedly affected by processes of degradation culminating in ‘desertification’. In order to facilitate both the formulation of an energy policy and the design of a long‐term strategy which accorded proper priority to environmental protection and conservation within this agro‐ecological region, Silviconsult Ltd., an international consultancy firm, was contracted to conduct a detailed study of its fuelwood demand and supply situation. This article assesses those aspects of Silviconsult's policy, programme and project recommendations which are based on the widespread current preference within natural resources management (NRM) circles for increasing interaction between the State, private sector and local communities. In particular, it focuses on recommended initiatives which are premised on the existence or creation of an enabling legal/tenure/ institutional framework founded on notions of, decentralised, or participatory, forestry resource management. The main aim is to emphasise that in their failure to problematise notions such as ‘community, and participation’, these recommendations contribute (possibly inadvertently) to safeguarding the hegemony of dominant forestry discourses and practices, even while they employ a language evocative of reformist intent and suffused with more than a hint of subversiveness. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 515-536 Issue: 74 Volume: 24 Year: 1997 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249708704279 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249708704279 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:24:y:1997:i:74:p:515-536 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Philip Woodhouse Author-X-Name-First: Philip Author-X-Name-Last: Woodhouse Title: Governance & local environmental management in Africa Abstract: Current policy prescriptions for environmental management in Africa emphasise devolution of resource management to local non‐government and community organisations. They challenge the long‐standing orthodoxy of environmental conservation based on land privatisation, and instead favour local institutions managing resources as common property. This challenge has been reinforced by arguements from a reappraisal of dryland ecology in Africa, and by empirical and economic theoretical research on common property management. Implicit within much of current policy is the assumption that devolution of natural resource management will be socially redistributive as well as environmentally benign. Evidence from Maasai group ranches in southern Kenya suggests this assumption may be misplaced, and that, to address equality goals, policy must take more explicit account of the social dynamics underlying local power relations, and the way these are conditioned by the non‐local political environment. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 537-547 Issue: 74 Volume: 24 Year: 1997 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249708704280 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249708704280 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:24:y:1997:i:74:p:537-547 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Deborah Potts Author-X-Name-First: Deborah Author-X-Name-Last: Potts Author-Name: Chris Mutambirwa Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Mutambirwa Title: The government must not dictate’: rural‐urban migrants’ perceptions of Zimbabwe's land resettlement programme Abstract: Since its inception in 1980 Zimbabwe's land resettlement programme has been marked by very varied performance and keen debate. There have been high hopes, deep disappointment, false starts (and stops), policy swings and controversy. In the 1990s analyses of the programme by both supporters and critics of land reform have generally been negative. Yet there is evidence that resettled people themselves have made real welfare and income gains. Strong support for the programme was also expressed by a large sample of rural‐urban migrants in Harare in 1994. Their views, reported in this article, showed an appreciation of most aspects of the academic and policy debates, but clearly also tended towards the perception that redistribution of land in Zimbabwe is a moral issue. Government insistence on commercially‐oriented production on resettlement schemes was perceived as unwarranted interference. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 549-566 Issue: 74 Volume: 24 Year: 1997 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249708704281 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249708704281 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:24:y:1997:i:74:p:549-566 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Phil O'Keefe Author-X-Name-First: Phil Author-X-Name-Last: O'Keefe Author-Name: John Kirkby Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Kirkby Title: Relief & rehabilitation in complex emergencies Abstract: Since the late 1980s international aid for development has fallen while humanitarian assistance for emergencies has increased. This change of emphasis reflects the collapse of the USSR and consequent political instability in the former Soviet Union, its former satellites and client states. It also reflects donor disillusion with the failure of many development projects. Much humanitarian assistance is delivered in complex emergencies such as in Angola, Somalia, Rwanda, the Caucasus and former Yugoslavia. Almost without exception these emergencies relate directly to global, regional, national and local political instability created by the ‘new international political order’. Many of the emergencies have roots in the colonial era and a deep history in cultural tensions loosely described as ethnic conflict. Many complex emergencies entail enormous violence, massacres of civilian populations, deliberate destruction of the means of production, ethnic cleansing, torture and rape, displacement of population, refugeedom, social and economic collapse, traumatisation and psycho‐social problems of whole populations and state collapse. Complex emergencies are dynamic, characterised by uncertainty and by rapid and unpredictable changes affecting all aspects of life. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 567-582 Issue: 74 Volume: 24 Year: 1997 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249708704282 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249708704282 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:24:y:1997:i:74:p:567-582 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Thomas Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Thomas Title: Desertification: the uneasy interface between science, people & environmental issues in Africa Abstract: Desertification is a major environmental issue that is the focus of a recent UN convention (the CCD) that aims to improve the resolution of the problem. Desertification is however not a straight forward issue and has many controversial dimensions, in part due to confusion over its definition, extent, characteristics and causes. Many difficulties have arisen at the interface between science, politics and decision makers. From a scientific perspective, these problems have been a result of the speed of scientific research, the way in which scientifc ideas evolve, the manner in which data have been selectively used and, in parts of the developing world, becasue of perceived links between science and colonisation. It is argued that despite these problems that create an uneasy interface between science and politics, desertification can not be tackled from political and social directions alone. Science has a real role to play in combating desertification, particularly in the light of CCD goals. This role includes retaining the clarity of the issue, identifying environmental responses to human disturbances, monitoring the extent of desretifcation, and identifying appropriate scales of remedial action. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 583-589 Issue: 74 Volume: 24 Year: 1997 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249708704283 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249708704283 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:24:y:1997:i:74:p:583-589 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carole J.L. Collins Author-X-Name-First: Carole J.L. Author-X-Name-Last: Collins Title: Reconstructing the Congo Abstract: This follow‐up to ‘The Congo is Back!’ in the June issue of <italic>ROAPE</italic>(No. 72) focuses on the ADFL's (Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of the Congo) economic project and plans for reconstruction; Western and African governmental and private sector responses to the Congo's economic prospects; how Kabila's ongoing dispute with the UN over human rights abuses during the ADFL advance may affect these; and how civil society is faring in the new period. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 591-600 Issue: 74 Volume: 24 Year: 1997 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249708704284 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249708704284 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:24:y:1997:i:74:p:591-600 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Styan Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Styan Title: Mohamed Kadamy under arrest Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 600-601 Issue: 74 Volume: 24 Year: 1997 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249708704285 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249708704285 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:24:y:1997:i:74:p:600-601 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Claire Oxby Author-X-Name-First: Claire Author-X-Name-Last: Oxby Author-Name: Phil Grantham Author-X-Name-First: Phil Author-X-Name-Last: Grantham Title: Book reviews Abstract: <italic>Touaregs: Voix solitaires sous l'horizon confisqui</italic>(1996), by Hélène and Hawad Claudot‐Hawad (eds.), Ethnies Document no. 20--21, Paris: Peuples autochtones et développement in association with Survival International (France), 256pp., price 120F, ISSN 0295--9151, ISBN 2912114--00--4. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 603-607 Issue: 74 Volume: 24 Year: 1997 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249708704286 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249708704286 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:24:y:1997:i:74:p:603-607 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Theodore Trefon Saskia Author-X-Name-First: Theodore Trefon Author-X-Name-Last: Saskia Author-Name: Saskia Van Hoyweghen Author-X-Name-First: Saskia Author-X-Name-Last: Van Hoyweghen Author-Name: Stefaan Smis Author-X-Name-First: Stefaan Author-X-Name-Last: Smis Title: State failure in the Congo: perceptions & realities Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 379-388 Issue: 93-94 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704627 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704627 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:93-94:p:379-388 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: René Lemarchand Author-X-Name-First: René Author-X-Name-Last: Lemarchand Title: The tunnel at the end of the light Abstract: For those of us old enough to remember what in the 1960s was known as ‘the Congo crisis’ ‐ soon to become the ‘endless crisis'‐ the tragic singularity of the present conjuncture is perhaps less apparent than some of the contributions to this special issue on the Congo might suggest. No one who lived through the agonies of the Congo's improvised leap into independence ‐ followed by the swift collapse of the successor state and the break‐up of the country into warring fragments ‐ can fail to note the analogy with the dismemberment of the Mobutist state in the wake of the 1998 civil war. Then as now the former Belgian colony was faced with a crisis of statelessness of huge proportions. The challenges confronting the international community today are in a sense remarkably similar to what they were in the early 1960s. How to reconstruct a broken‐backed polity, how to rebuild an army reduced to a rabble by the emergence of armed factions, how to revitalise basic human services, ensure a minimum of security and economic self‐sustenance; in short, how to restore the legitimacy, territorial integrity and internal sovereignty of the state, such are the daunting challenges facing the international community. This is not meant to suggest that history repeats itself, only that historical perspectives can offer important clues to an understanding of the present. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 389-398 Issue: 93-94 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704628 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704628 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:93-94:p:389-398 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gauthier de Villers Author-X-Name-First: Gauthier Author-X-Name-Last: de Villers Author-Name: Jean Omasombo Tshonda Author-X-Name-First: Jean Omasombo Author-X-Name-Last: Tshonda Title: An intransitive transition Abstract: Efforts to promote a ‘democratic transition’ in Congo go back to April 1990 when Mobutu declared the end of the Second Republic. Since then, and despite the changing regimes and conditions experienced under Mobutu and the Kabilas, father and son, the rhetoric of democratisation has had little relationship to the realities of power struggles. The authoritarianism of regimes in Kinshasa, the covetousness of the country's neighbours, the paralysis of opposition groups, the marginalisation of civil society's forces ‐ all have combined to ensure that transition remains stalled or intransitive. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 399-410 Issue: 93-94 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704629 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704629 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:93-94:p:399-410 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stefaan Smis Author-X-Name-First: Stefaan Author-X-Name-Last: Smis Author-Name: Wamu Oyatambwe Author-X-Name-First: Wamu Author-X-Name-Last: Oyatambwe Title: Complex political emergencies, the international community & the Congo conflict Abstract: The Democratic Republic of the Congo is presently confronted with the most severe crisis since its independence. It has been transformed into a battlefield where several African states and national armed movements are simultaneously fighting various wars. Confronted with this acute political emergency, the international community, which has a responsibility in promoting peace and security has given an ambiguous message. In the absence of a clear response, the Southern Africa Development Community played a leading role in the mediation process that ultimately led to the Lusaka Agreement of 10 July 1999. The agreement was, however, signed in a totally different context from the present one. Moreover, the primary objective of the Lusaka Agreement, to topple Laurent Désiré Kabila, has lost its relevance since his assassination and replacement by a (more Western friendly) government led by Joseph Kabila. With the Lusaka Agreement signed by most of the belligerents, the international community had a framework through which to channel its growing involvement. However, confronted by the signatories to the Lusaka Agreement who were not ready for peace and therefore continuously violated established rules of international law and found pretexts to not observe the agreement, the international community remained divided and unwilling to become more involved ‐ particularly in light of the Somalia and Rwanda debacles. In the absence of this commitment, however, the whole idea of African renaissance could be put in jeopardy. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 411-430 Issue: 93-94 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704630 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704630 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:93-94:p:411-430 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roland Kobia Author-X-Name-First: Roland Author-X-Name-Last: Kobia Title: European union commission policy in the DRC Abstract: On 5 February 2002 the Commission of the European Union formally resumed its direct co‐operation with the DRC after a ten year suspension ‐a consequence of the economic and political progress made in Congo over the past year. The co‐operation envisaged is also meant to encourage democratisation, good governance and respect for the rule of law. Indeed, the Congolese state has been an ‘absentee landlord’ for many years: anarchy and the lost expertise that have stemmed from it are both cause and consequence. Therefore, if there is to be a prospect of greater efficiency and long‐term sustainability of all efforts, the conditions enabling the state to take on its traditional role again need to be recreated. The EC hopes to use the current window of opportunity employing an incremental approach in combination with other donors. It has already committed approximately 250 million euros for the next 2--3 years. For external aid to maximise its impact, preliminary conditions are needed. The EC seeks to encourage long‐term development through peace‐building and political stabilisation. Concomitantly, the EC supports targeted poverty alleviation strategies to help the DRC re‐establish a minimal critical mass of internal development conditions, notably through institutional and administrative support. In the medium‐term, the Cotonou Agreement should bring additional funds and will promote a new and stronger relationship between the EU and the DRC combining political dialogue, trade and regional integration. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 431-443 Issue: 93-94 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704631 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704631 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:93-94:p:431-443 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tom De Herdt Author-X-Name-First: Tom Author-X-Name-Last: De Herdt Title: Democracy & the money machine in Zaire Abstract: Whether or not Mitterand's famous thesis that ‘there can be no democracy without development and no development without democracy‘-super-1is correct, Zaire during the 1990s was a clear case demonstrating the absence of a close relationship between development and democratisation. On the contrary, the announcement that political leaders might be facing electoral defeat could be considered as one of the most important background elements determining the climate of <italic>sauve qui peut</italic>during the early 1990s. The dynamics of such an end‐game situation are well‐known in the literature on experimental game theory: only the most stubborn or naive actors will still abstain from using all the means at their disposal to maximise their short‐term interests. We document this situation by studying Zaire's monetary politics during the early 1990s. First, we describe the most impressive phenomena creating the monetary landscape: hyperinflation, monetary games, a fake monetary reform and counterfeit money. We then analyse these phenomena in connection with the dynamics of the political arena of the period and, in particular, the prospect of democratisation. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 445-462 Issue: 93-94 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704632 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704632 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:93-94:p:445-462 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ingrid Samset Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid Author-X-Name-Last: Samset Title: Conflict of interests or interests in conflict? diamonds & war in the DRC Abstract: This article explores how the exploitation of key natural resources, diamonds in particular, has contributed to prolonging the war in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It affirms that the motivation and feasibility of resource exploitation largely explain why external military contingents have remained active in the country since August 1998. Driving forces of war can be identified among elites of Rwanda, Uganda and Zimbabwe, for whom DRC resources have proven decisive to sustain positions of power. Although most exploitation has been carried out at gunpoint, the use of existing networks suggests that withdrawal of forces will not necessarily stop the massive resource diversion. While a lasting resolution to the crisis needs to ensure due benefits to the local population from their resources, it also requires that stakeholders see peace as a more attractive option than continued war. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 463-480 Issue: 93-94 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704633 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704633 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:93-94:p:463-480 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Theodore Trefon Author-X-Name-First: Theodore Author-X-Name-Last: Trefon Title: The political economy of sacrifice: <italic>Kinois &</italic>the state Abstract: With approximately 6 million inhabitants, Kinshasa is the second largest city in sub‐Saharan Africa ‐ and one of the poorest. The residents of the Congolese capital (the <italic>Kinois),</italic>like people throughout the country, have been struggling through a multi‐dimensional crisis for over forty years. Security, political and economic problems are dramatic, largely because the post‐colonial state abdicated from its role as provider of social and administrative services, transforming itself into a social predator. In response to these constraints, the <italic>Kinois</italic>have developed remarkably creative people‐based ‘solutions’ to address the challenges of daily survival. In contrast to what has become a tradition of condemning the inability of the Congo/Zaire authorities to ‘manage the country’ according to Western perceptions of how states should function, this article argues that state‐society relations in Kinshasa are not always as poorly organised as outside observers tend to believe. There is order in the disorder. Function and dysfunction overlap. This applies to all social and political levels. The <italic>Kinois</italic>have entered into a new phase of post‐colonialism by combining global approaches to local problems while blending ‘traditional’ belief systems and behaviours with their own unique forms of ‘modernity’. They have proven themselves remarkably clever at mobilisation for economic survival thanks to new forms of solidarity and thanks to accommodation with the international community, which is increasingly ‘acting on behalf of the state’ in many areas of public life. Conversely, the <italic>Kinois</italic>seem to have failed at transforming political discourse and desires into political mobilisation. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 481-498 Issue: 93-94 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704634 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704634 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:93-94:p:481-498 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Koen Vlassenroot Author-X-Name-First: Koen Author-X-Name-Last: Vlassenroot Title: Citizenship, identity formation & conflict in South Kivu: the case of the Banyamulenge Abstract: The objectives of this exercise are threefold. First, through a case‐study of the Banyamulenge ethnogenesis, I demonstrate that this ethnicity was never constructed in a vacuum, but in a ‘pre‐imagined’ field. The ‘creation’ of a Banyamulenge identity illustrates perfectly that ethnicities are ongoing processes of continuous change. Ethnicities are dynamic processes that result from the confrontation of a community with its socio‐economic and political environment. Contrary to what local political and social leaders like to believe about their followings, the existence of a Banyamulenge identity is not the result of pure invention. I illustrate how historical events gave meaning to the content of this identity. Second, a close look will be taken at the different internal dynamics within this community to reach a better understanding of the real content of this ethnogenesis. While the Banyamulenge in Uvira were undoubtedly subject to exclusion, widespread ethnic resentment and violence, their marginalised position is also due to a lack of coherent leadership and internal division. An inquiry into the reasons why the Banyamulenge community, even today, still lacks any coherent leadership that is capable of improving the position of their community is crucial. Finally, as recent local history in Uvira suggests, I show that political exclusion tends to be the key to conflicting identity formation. In the case of the Banyamulenge, it seems that their claims to political participation not only had the effect of hardening the boundaries between different identity groups, but also had facilitated the shift to massive violence as an enticing strategy of control and resistance. This work is mainly the result of extensive fieldwork in and around Uvira and Bukavu, complemented by what was learned from the few printed sources that exist. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 499-516 Issue: 93-94 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704635 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704635 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:93-94:p:499-516 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stephen Jackson Author-X-Name-First: Stephen Author-X-Name-Last: Jackson Title: Making a killing: criminality & coping in the Kivu War economy Abstract: Over the last four years, the eastern Kivu provinces of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) have seen the precipitous rise and fall of a lucrative economy based on artisanal mining of tantalum ore. In some ways building on older patterns of survivalist economics in Congo, it also represents a radical mutation of livelihood strategies responding to an economy profoundly destroyed by colonial and post‐colonial neglect and greed, and more recently by five years of vicious war. That war has itself capitalised on the country's vast mineral wealth, progressively becoming ‘economised’, in that profits increasingly motivate the violence, and violence increasingly makes profits possible for all belligerents. This article details the tantalum commodity chain from its base in the forests and uplands of the Kivus to global markets. Through an exploration of popular rumour about economic activity it also traces how the war has radically altered conventional Congolese attitudes to the survivalist tradition of ‘fending for yourself, from perceptions of the heroic to perceptions of criminal domination by ‘foreigners’ and ‘Congolese traitors’. Yet if there is criminal gain from tantalum on the part of Congolese and foreign actors, tantalum mining has also become a critical mode of survival for many at the grassroots. International action against the ‘war economy’ in the Congo must therefore be careful to punish the real villains. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 517-536 Issue: 93-94 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704636 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704636 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:93-94:p:517-536 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Edouard Bustin Author-X-Name-First: Edouard Author-X-Name-Last: Bustin Title: Remembrance of sins past: unraveling the murder of Patrice Lumumba Abstract: The assassination of L.D. Kabila, forty years to the day after the1961 murder of Patrice Lumumba, revived memories of the fate of the Congo's first (and only) democratically elected leader, but in Belgium, the case of Lumumba's assassination had already been re‐opened by a solidly documented exposé challenging what had for some time been the ‘official version’ of the murder. Written by Ludo DeWitte, this account identified those members of the Belgian establishment whom it saw as having deliberately engineered Lumumba's overthrow and ‘final elimination’. Its publication directly led to the creation of a parliamentary commission of enquiry whose final report was released in November 2001. Much of the investigation took the form of an examination of archival and testimonial evidence. Most witnesses were not seriously challenged, and cross‐examination was usually gentle and ineffective. Yet, considering the perceived need to achieve some form of national consensus, the enquiry cannot be dismissed as a whitewash. The report concludes that ‘certain members of the Belgian government and other Belgian participants were morally responsible for the circumstances leading to the death of Lumumba.’ The commission also identifies what it correctly views as dysfunctions in the decision‐making process that prevailed in 1960--1961. Reactions to the report suggest that, for many of those involved in those violent events, stereotypes and cold war clichés die a reluctant death. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 537-560 Issue: 93-94 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704637 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704637 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:93-94:p:537-560 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brooke Grundfest Schoepf Author-X-Name-First: Brooke Grundfest Author-X-Name-Last: Schoepf Title: ‘Mobutu's disease’: a social history of AIDS in Kinshasa Abstract: The social history of AIDS in the Mobutu era provides a window through which to view the consequences of gender and class inequality. Official and popular responses to this epidemic of fatal sexually transmitted disease reveal the interplay of structure and agency, political economy and culture. While the present crisis of the state and civil war in eastern DRC have pushed gender issues off the political agenda, the prevalence of sexual violence, and consequently, increased levels of HIV and AIDS, makes gender relations central to peace and development. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 561-573 Issue: 93-94 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704638 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704638 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:93-94:p:561-573 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Saskia >Van Hoyweghen Author-X-Name-First: Saskia >Van Author-X-Name-Last: Hoyweghen Author-Name: Stefaan Smis Author-X-Name-First: Stefaan Author-X-Name-Last: Smis Title: The crisis of the nation‐state in Central Africa: a theoretical introduction Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 575-581 Issue: 93-94 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704639 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704639 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:93-94:p:575-581 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mwayila Tshiyembe Author-X-Name-First: Mwayila Author-X-Name-Last: Tshiyembe Title: A new political order in the DRC: the challenge of ‘multinationalism’ Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 581-590 Issue: 93-94 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704640 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704640 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:93-94:p:581-590 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pierre Englebert Author-X-Name-First: Pierre Author-X-Name-Last: Englebert Title: A research note on Congo's nationalist paradox Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 591-594 Issue: 93-94 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704641 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704641 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:93-94:p:591-594 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Victoria Brittain Author-X-Name-First: Victoria Author-X-Name-Last: Brittain Title: Calvary of the women of eastern democratic republic of Congo (DRC) Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 595-601 Issue: 93-94 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704642 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704642 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:93-94:p:595-601 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Erik Kennes Author-X-Name-First: Erik Author-X-Name-Last: Kennes Title: Footnotes to the mining story Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 601-606 Issue: 93-94 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704643 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704643 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:93-94:p:601-606 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carole J.L. Collins Author-X-Name-First: Carole J.L. Author-X-Name-Last: Collins Title: Congo: revisiting the looking glass Abstract: This Briefing analyses economic developments and trends in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), within the context of recent political and military manoeuvres and the current human rights situation. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 607-615 Issue: 93-94 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704644 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704644 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:93-94:p:607-615 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: C. Kabuya‐Lumuna Sando Author-X-Name-First: C. Kabuya‐Lumuna Author-X-Name-Last: Sando Title: Laurent Désiré Kabila Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 616-619 Issue: 93-94 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704645 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704645 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:93-94:p:616-619 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Claude Sumata Author-X-Name-First: Claude Author-X-Name-Last: Sumata Title: Migradollars & poverty alleviation strategy issues in Congo (DRC) Abstract: This briefing examines the motivations of agents and analyses the idea of risk‐sharing behaviour in the absence of insurance or intertemporel markets in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Migration might provide a shelter against uncertain income prospects when financial markets ‘malfunction’ or do not exist Labour migration tends to improve economic welfare of the destination countries and immigration may alleviate unemployment and provide inputs such as remittances and skills. Migration can also act as a mechanism for income redistribution and as a source for resources for families with migrants. International migration has had an overall positive impact on poverty alleviation in DRC. Remittances facilitate, to some extent, local entrepreneurial activity. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 619-628 Issue: 93-94 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704646 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704646 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:93-94:p:619-628 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Saskia Van Hoyweghen Author-X-Name-First: Saskia Van Author-X-Name-Last: Hoyweghen Author-Name: Theodore Trefon Author-X-Name-First: Theodore Author-X-Name-Last: Trefon Title: Peace agenda 2002 Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 629-629 Issue: 93-94 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704647 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704647 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:93-94:p:629-629 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guillaume Iyenda Author-X-Name-First: Guillaume Author-X-Name-Last: Iyenda Author-Name: Victoria Brittain Author-X-Name-First: Victoria Author-X-Name-Last: Brittain Title: Reviews Abstract: <bold>The Congo: From Leopold to Kabila. A People's History</bold>by Georges Nzongola‐Ntalaja, Zed Books, London, 2002. ISBN: 1 84277 053 5. King Congo Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 631-635 Issue: 93-94 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704648 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704648 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:93-94:p:631-635 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chris Allen Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Allen Title: Bibliography: The democratic republic of the Congo (former Zaire) Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 637-655 Issue: 93-94 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704649 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704649 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:93-94:p:637-655 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sarah Bracking Author-X-Name-First: Sarah Author-X-Name-Last: Bracking Author-Name: Graham Harrison Author-X-Name-First: Graham Author-X-Name-Last: Harrison Title: Africa, Imperialism & New Forms of Accumulation Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 5-10 Issue: 95 Volume: 30 Year: 2003 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240308366 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240308366 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:30:y:2003:i:95:p:5-10 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sarah Bracking Author-X-Name-First: Sarah Author-X-Name-Last: Bracking Title: Regulating Capital in Accumulation: Negotiating the Imperial 'Frontier' Abstract: <title/> There are three major propositions that underpin this article. First that the poorest countries are still incorporated into the global economy in adverse terms, or in a way once described by the dependency and neo-marxist schools as 'dependent'. Second, that this is not because of neutral, market driven features of globalisation or comparative advantage, but by deliberate and political intervention by people and institutions of the richer countries, moderated by the behaviour of (African and other) political elites. I shall model this interaction institutionally and propose that this serves as a 'Keynesian global multiplier' for investors, but provides very limited gains to host countries. Third, that African states have developed their own means of creating markets and state-sponsored means of accumulation, primarily by processes of local content rules, indigenisation and empowerment. These are inevitably subject to contextual questions of legitimacy. The article concludes that the current conceptualisation of government as essentially outside the market prevents us from understanding these emerging institutional structures and economic multipliers; it also disables consideration of the types of redistributive policy that are so essential for socio-economic recovery. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 11-32 Issue: 95 Volume: 30 Year: 2003 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240308369 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240308369 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:30:y:2003:i:95:p:11-32 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Branwen Gruffydd Jones Author-X-Name-First: Branwen Gruffydd Author-X-Name-Last: Jones Title: The Civilised Horrors of Over-work: Marxsm, Imperialism & Development of Africa Abstract: <title/> In the 21 st century a vast number of people in Africa are direct producers, working very hard on the land to gain a meagre living -- they are the 'rural poor'. The condition of poverty in Africa is widely portrayed in both academic and popular discourse as a result of local factors, whether political, social, cultural or natural. This article argues for an historical materialist approach which exposes the condition of widespread routine poverty and malnutrition in Africa to be a modern world-historical product, the outcome of five centuries of global capitalist expansion under relations of imperialism. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 33-44 Issue: 95 Volume: 30 Year: 2003 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240308377 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240308377 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:30:y:2003:i:95:p:33-44 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ian Taylor Author-X-Name-First: Ian Author-X-Name-Last: Taylor Title: Conflict in Central Africa: Clandestine Networks & Regional/Global Configurations Abstract: <title/> Central Africa is currently characterised by conflict and disorder with concomitant social, political, and ecological dislocation. The war(s) in the Democratic Republic of Congo and its borderlands are a catastrophe in the heart of Africa. At the formal level, the Southern African Development Community (SADC) is ridden by tension and rivalries that profoundly call into question the 'official' region-building project. Yet, at the same time, another type of regional networking has been assiduously crafted. This networking, very often clandestine and illegal, has helped forge a regionalisation that may not be recognisable at first glance, but is surely as 'real' -- if not more so -- in the DRC than any formal regionalism. The type of regionalism emerging links up well-placed individuals and groups within Africa to outside interests, creating a milieu where a wide variety of shadow networks involving states, mafias, private armies, 'businessmen' and assorted state elites from both within and outside Africa has developed. The role that international capital has played in this is discussed, throwing into relief the involvement of international interests in helping perpetuate the continent's disorder, even whilst influential voices -- ignoring such roles -- throw up their hands at the 'hopeless continent'. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 45-55 Issue: 95 Volume: 30 Year: 2003 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240308372 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240308372 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:30:y:2003:i:95:p:45-55 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kate Meagher Author-X-Name-First: Kate Author-X-Name-Last: Meagher Title: A Back Door to Globalisation? Structural Adjustment, Globalisation & Transborder Trade in West Africa Abstract: <title/> Neo-liberal economic reforms were widely expected to rein in Africa's unofficial transborder trade through liberalisation and closer integration into the global economy. Instead of disappearing in the face of structural adjustment and globalisation, however, West African transborder trading systems have been restructured and globalised. This article analyses how the West African experience of economic restructuring has led to an expansion and deepening of unofficial trade, as well as the globalisation of its activities. A clear understanding of this process has been blurred by the ideological manipulation of perspectives on informal economic activity by proponents of the neo-liberal reforms. By means of a deconstruction of populist analyses and more recent narratives of criminalisation, this article traces the contemporary evolution of transborder trade. The conclusion reached is that, while transborder trading structures represent important institutional resources for economic development, they are structurally incapable of integrating West Africa into the global economy in the absence of an appropriate regulatory framework. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 57-75 Issue: 95 Volume: 30 Year: 2003 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240308374 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240308374 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:30:y:2003:i:95:p:57-75 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Robert Biel Author-X-Name-First: Robert Author-X-Name-Last: Biel Title: Imperialism & International Governance: The Case of US Policy towards Africa Abstract: <title/> This article argues that capitalism requires a structure of international governance, and that this can fruitfully be interpreted by integrating elements of the imperialism perspective with international relations theory. A key issue is the study of the interface between country-level governance and that of the international system itself. Capitalism needs to adapt from a relatively simple state-centric model of international governance to one which encompasses and tries to exploit an environment peopled by regimes, non-governmental organisations, 'international civil society', and rapidly developing international law. But it seems that that this tendency is incompatible with an underlying imperative of deploying pure force in the selfish interests of the dominant powers, particularly the United States. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 77-88 Issue: 95 Volume: 30 Year: 2003 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240308368 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240308368 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:30:y:2003:i:95:p:77-88 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ian S. Spears Author-X-Name-First: Ian S. Author-X-Name-Last: Spears Title: Reflections on Somaliland & Africa's Territorial Order Abstract: <title/> This article examines the arguments for and against reforming the African state system in order to create more viable and peaceful states. It argues that while such a process has the potential to be enormously disruptive, selective recognition of some 'states-within-states', such as Somaliland, does offer promising approaches to more effective governance and more viable and coherent states. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 89-98 Issue: 95 Volume: 30 Year: 2003 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240308371 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240308371 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:30:y:2003:i:95:p:89-98 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Emmanuel Kwesi Aning Author-X-Name-First: Emmanuel Kwesi Author-X-Name-Last: Aning Title: Regulating Illicit Trade in Natural Resources: The Role of Regional Actors in West Africa Abstract: <title/> This article explores the multiple efforts that have been initiated by regional actors in West Africa, mainly ECOWAS, 1 to regulate the illicit trade in natural resources in the context of armed conflicts. It then examines the behaviour of 'spoilers' who are able to circumvent the sanctions regime and governments' domestic regulation. The paper argues that the characteristics and multiple dynamics of the armed conflicts in West Africa have created specific opportunities for economic activities in a thriving parallel economy through the 'illicit' trade in natural resources. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 99-107 Issue: 95 Volume: 30 Year: 2003 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240308375 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240308375 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:30:y:2003:i:95:p:99-107 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Issa G. Shivji Author-X-Name-First: Issa G. Author-X-Name-Last: Shivji Title: The Life & Times of Babu: The Age of Liberation & Revolution Abstract: <title/> The following was the Keynote Address at the International Conference to celebrate the Life of Comrade Abdulrahman Mohamed Babu, 21-22 September 2001, University of Dar es Salaam. Babu died on 5 August 1996 and later that year, ROAPE published a special issue devoted to our dear friend and comrade (ROAPE 69). Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 109-118 Issue: 95 Volume: 30 Year: 2003 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240308367 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240308367 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:30:y:2003:i:95:p:109-118 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John Loxley Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Loxley Title: Imperialism & Economic Reform in Africa: What's New About the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD)? Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 119-128 Issue: 95 Volume: 30 Year: 2003 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240308373 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240308373 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:30:y:2003:i:95:p:119-128 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anders Na¨rman Author-X-Name-First: Anders Author-X-Name-Last: Na¨rman Title: Karamoja: Is Peace Possible? Abstract: <title/> After more than two decades of turmoil and retarded development it seems as if Uganda is once more heading towards a brighter future. Nevertheless, some people and regions are, so far, still excluded from these positive trends. Poverty and armed conflicts are very much a part of every day life for many Ugandans. In western Uganda, for example, the ADF (Allied Democratic Forces) carry out atrocities against the civilian population adjoining the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). For many years, the most seriously affected region of Uganda has been the north. At present, the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) is attacking civilians seemingly at random with new force, at a time when the national army, through Operation Iron Fist, has eliminated most of the guerrilla bases in southern Sudan and claims to have gained the upper hand on Ugandan soil as well. Civilians were recently asked to leave their homes and move closer to occupied army barracks, or risk being massacred by the increasingly desperate rebels. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 129-169 Issue: 95 Volume: 30 Year: 2003 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240308370 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240308370 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:30:y:2003:i:95:p:129-169 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jo Beall Author-X-Name-First: Jo Author-X-Name-Last: Beall Author-Name: Owen Cranshaw Author-X-Name-First: Owen Author-X-Name-Last: Cranshaw Author-Name: Susan Parnell Author-X-Name-First: Susan Author-X-Name-Last: Parnell Title: Uniting a Divided City; Governance and Social Exclusion in Johannesburg Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 171-176 Issue: 95 Volume: 30 Year: 2003 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240308376 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240308376 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:30:y:2003:i:95:p:171-176 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rita Abrahamsen Author-X-Name-First: Rita Author-X-Name-Last: Abrahamsen Author-Name: Ray Bush Author-X-Name-First: Ray Author-X-Name-Last: Bush Title: War & the Forgotten Continent Abstract: As US and UK military forces invade Iraq the death of innocents in the Middle East will be added to those dying from AIDS, famine and preventable illness in Africa. The waging of war at any time, when not sanctioned by international law and the victims pose no threat to neighbours or invaders, is monstrous. It is even more so as US and UK resources are diverted towards the aims of death and destruction when millions in Africa are starving to death. In Iraq itself, the British Overseas Aid Group (Oxfam, Cafod, Christian Aid, Action Aid and Save the Children) warns of the humanitarian consequences of war in a country where more than 16 million are entirely dependent upon food aid. There has been little concern for the lives of those to be affected by military conflict as preparation to relieve the humanitarian disaster has taken second place to the creation of that disaster. The US will spend $12.5 billion a month on the war although it has offered $65 million to provide help with immediate humanitarian assistance. And when it is time for the reconstruction of Iraq, the US will offer only $50 million of a possible $1.5 billion to NGOs and the UN for the process -- the rest goes to US companies, including those close to White House officials (<italic>The Guardian</italic>, 18 March 2003). Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 181-186 Issue: 96 Volume: 30 Year: 2003 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2003.9693493 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2003.9693493 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:30:y:2003:i:96:p:181-186 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John S. Saul Author-X-Name-First: John S. Author-X-Name-Last: Saul Title: Africa: The Next Liberation Struggle? Abstract: This article brings into focus the immediate challenges facing progressives in Africa as they now seek to forge social and political initiatives that can hope to attain power and implement policies able to confront and ultimately to bend the apparent logic of global capitalism -- thereby permitting more humane outcomes on the continent. Taking as a starting-point the moment of heightened reflection on such issues that occurred in Dar es Salaam in the 1960s and early 1970s, the article up-dates the insights of that period with reference to the even grimmer circumstances in which Africa currently finds itself. Suggesting that mere ‘reform’ (NEPAD, ‘liberal democratisation’) offers little real promise of meaningful and substantial change of the continent's desperate situation, the article seeks to canvas the range of resistances in Africa that indicate the emergence of a more radical project of transformation. While acknowledging that it is easy to be pessimistic regarding such possibilities, the article identifies sufficient movement on the continent to suggest that Africa, in terms of the emergence of a ‘post-nationalist, post-neo-liberal’ revolutionary politics, now stands at a moment analogous with 1945. At that time few could have anticipated the speed with which African nationalist movements would win independence for their territories from colonial rule. The article concludes with the argument that, despite its current eclipse, the language and vision of socialism will have to become part and parcel of this continuing revival of Africa's revolutionary endeavours and of its ‘next liberation struggle’. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 187-202 Issue: 96 Volume: 30 Year: 2003 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2003.9693494 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2003.9693494 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:30:y:2003:i:96:p:187-202 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Henry Bernstein Author-X-Name-First: Henry Author-X-Name-Last: Bernstein Title: Land Reform in Southern Africa in World-Historical Perspective Abstract: This paper attempts to place issues of land reform in South Africa and Zimbabwe in a ‘world-historical’ perspective. ‘World-historical’ is used in two senses. The first is that given by the ‘classic’ agrarian question and its tradition, concerning the role of agrarian transformation in the transition to capitalism, and especially industrial capitalism, <italic>in general general.</italic> The second applies to the trajectories, and mutations, of the ‘classic’ agrarian question in the development of capitalism on a world scale and its historical and spatial coordinates. It is suggested that the moment of ‘globalisation’ from the 1970s signaled the end of the ‘classic’ agrarian question, as the agrarian question of capital, without its resolution in most countries of the South. At the same time, however, the ‘fragmentation’ of labour associated with and intensified by the global restructuring of capital discloses possibilities of (new) agrarian questions generated by the struggles of labour for means of livelihood and reproduction. This is illustrated in relation to South Africa and especially Zimbabwe as social formations that combine key aspects of previous phases of capitalism, given their belated, and limited, national democratic revolutions, and of the current phase of ‘globalisation’ and its fragmentation of labour. While schematic in presentation, the aim is to illustrate the relevance and utility of some wider theoretical and historical ideas to debate of land redistribution in South Africa and Zimbabwe today. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 203-226 Issue: 96 Volume: 30 Year: 2003 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2003.9693495 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2003.9693495 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:30:y:2003:i:96:p:203-226 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lloyd M. Sachikonye Author-X-Name-First: Lloyd M. Author-X-Name-Last: Sachikonye Title: From ‘Growth with Equity’ to ‘Fast-Track’ Reform: Zimbabwe's Land Question Abstract: This article represents a provisional attempt to explain the changing and competing strands of the debate surrounding the ‘land question’ as it has unfolded in Zimbabwe in the past 23 years. As in most contexts of land reform, the debate is highly political whether packaged in nationalist or technocratic rhetoric. Since independence, three phases of land reform debate can be identified: the early independence years from 1980 to about 1989, the period of structural adjustment and afterwards from 1990--1999, and the current phase which commenced in 2000. The paper concludes by providing an update on the short-term repercussions of the ‘fast-track’ reform programme for the agricultural sector, food security and the wider economy. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 227-240 Issue: 96 Volume: 30 Year: 2003 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2003.9693496 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2003.9693496 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:30:y:2003:i:96:p:227-240 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Lawrence Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Lawrence Title: Rural Cooperation & the Renewal of Rural Socialism in Africa Abstract: This article examines the debates over the role of co-operatives in the building of socialism and more generally their possible role as important organisations for boosting production and creating opportunities for collective decision making in capitalist and transition economies. It does so by putting centre stage the benefits of rural co-operation as well as the historical pitfalls. It stresses the opportunity for cooperatives to boost the democratic imperative for socialist development even at a time of neo-liberal ascendency Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 241-248 Issue: 96 Volume: 30 Year: 2003 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2003.9693497 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2003.9693497 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:30:y:2003:i:96:p:241-248 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alemseged Tesfai Author-X-Name-First: Alemseged Author-X-Name-Last: Tesfai Title: Land & Liberation in Eritrea: Reflecting on the work of Lionel Cliffe Abstract: This article examines the contribution Lionel Cliffe has made to a charcterisation of the war of liberation in Eritrea. It does so by looking at the specificity of the Eritrean case and the dimensions of the struggle for liberation including the military strategy of the EPLF and the strategy for land reform. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 249-254 Issue: 96 Volume: 30 Year: 2003 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2003.9693498 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2003.9693498 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:30:y:2003:i:96:p:249-254 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roger Southall Author-X-Name-First: Roger Author-X-Name-Last: Southall Title: Democracy in Southern Africa: Moving Beyond a Difficult Legacy Abstract: The peace dividend in southern Africa may serve to underpin NEPAD's bid for economic growth and development. However, it is by no means so clear that the region is embarked upon an unambiguous progression towards the consolidation of democracy. Indeed, there are deeply worrying indications that the democratic wave which broke upon the region's shores in the 1990s is now moving into reverse. Most particularly, it can be argued that a developing crisis of democracy in southern Africa is characterised by first, an increasingly explicit clash between an authoritarian culture of national liberation and participatory democracy; and second, by a closely related model of state power which, even if obscured under democratic garb, entrenches elites and promotes highly unequal patterns of accumulation and anti-development. It is therefore necessary to move forward to a more advanced conception of democracy which links liberal democratic rights to conditions which combine increased political participation with greater social and economic equality. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 255-272 Issue: 96 Volume: 30 Year: 2003 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2003.9693499 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2003.9693499 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:30:y:2003:i:96:p:255-272 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lisa Ann Richey Author-X-Name-First: Lisa Ann Author-X-Name-Last: Richey Title: Women's Reproductive Health & Population Policy: Tanzania Abstract: Population policies have rarely been linked to economic policy, although the promoters of economic liberalisation also support the embrace of population policy as important to the economic wellbeing of African states. Using a case study from Tanzania, I argue that population policies with a limited focus on fertility reduction may continue to be successful in the context of post-adjustment African health care systems, but policies that aim for the larger goals of improving women's reproductive health will be severely limited. Tanzania's donors and lenders promoted Neo-Malthusian types of population policies aimed primarily at reducing childbearing as a partial solution to the country's economic crisis. However, in the mid-1990s, the international discourse on population shifted toward a new dependent variable of ‘women's reproductive’ health. The notion of reproductive health reunites population and development issues in the context of basic health care provision. Improvements in the reproductive health of Tanzanian women will require more than simply the effective provision of contraceptives. This article argues that the challenges of improving reproductive health are unlikely to be met without a revitalisation of public health care provision in African countries. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 273-292 Issue: 96 Volume: 30 Year: 2003 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2003.9693500 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2003.9693500 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:30:y:2003:i:96:p:273-292 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tim Kelsall Author-X-Name-First: Tim Author-X-Name-Last: Kelsall Author-Name: Claire Mercer Author-X-Name-First: Claire Author-X-Name-Last: Mercer Title: Empowering People? World Vision & ‘Transformatory Development’ in Tanzania Abstract: Ideas of participatory development and empowerment have become central to contemporary development discourse. This article identifies two axes of tension within this discourse. First is the disturbing thought that by empowering a ‘community’ a development project can <italic>disempower</italic> groups or individuals within that community. Second is the paradox whereby <italic>external</italic> agents are perceived as necessary to install <italic>internal</italic> desires and capacities for individual and community autonomy. The article presents empirical data from research into two projects by the NGO World Vision in northeast Tanzania. The aim is to show that the dilemmas of development in practice turn around these axis of tension, as the attempts to empower the ‘community’ benefit disproportionately an elite -- the idea of development as ‘empowerment’ inserted into the community from the outside. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 293-304 Issue: 96 Volume: 30 Year: 2003 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2003.9693501 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2003.9693501 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:30:y:2003:i:96:p:293-304 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martin Plaut Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Plaut Title: ‘The Workers' Struggle’: A South African Text Revisited Abstract: In April 1982 workers from across South Africa met at the congress of the non-racial trade union movement, the Federation of South African Trade Unions, Fosatu. The federation was just three years old, but in that time it had grown five fold, from around 20,000 workers to over 100,000 (Baskin, 1991:25, 29). What they heard was a speech that must rank as one of the most important statements of principle ever delivered to a South African labour movement. Although the Fosatu general secretary, Joe Foster read it, the speech reflected the work of many people. Its authors have never been revealed, but the hand of Alec Erwin -- Fosatu's first general secretary, and currently South Africa's Minister of Trade and Industry -- was almost certainly among them. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 305-313 Issue: 96 Volume: 30 Year: 2003 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2003.9693502 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2003.9693502 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:30:y:2003:i:96:p:305-313 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Gibbon Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Gibbon Title: AGOA, Lesotho' ‘Clothing Miracle’ & the Politics of Sweatshops Abstract: The ‘Africa Growth and Opportunity Act’ (AGOA) was signed into US law at the end of August 2000. Perhaps the most important provision of this version of the Act (AGOA I) was that it conferred duty-free status to clothing articles directly imported into the US from beneficiary countries, until 30 September 2008. To command beneficiary status, countries had to meet a series of political and economic conditions, with the result that 38 countries are currently included in benefits. In addition, beneficiary countries have to have an export visa system approved by the US Customs Department. As of early March 2003, nineteen had done so. The only important clothing manufacturing country in Africa that remains excluded from AGOA benefits is Zimbabwe. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 315-350 Issue: 96 Volume: 30 Year: 2003 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2003.9693503 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2003.9693503 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:30:y:2003:i:96:p:315-350 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John Markakis Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Markakis Title: The horn of conflict Abstract: Nearly twenty years ago, the editorial of ROAPE's first special issue (No. 30, 1984) on the Horn of Africa opened with the sombre comment: 'Manifold, violent social conflict is the hallmark of contemporary history in the Horn of Africa.' Civil wars were raging then in Sudan, Ethiopia and Somalia. The latter two states had fought their second war a few years earlier, and relations between them were extremely hostile. Each was patronised and armed by one of the rival superpowers that were running a cold war sideshow in this corner of African. Not unrelated to conflict, a biblical famine was ravaging the region for the second time within a decade. The editorial of the second ROAPE special issue (No. 70, 1996) on this region observed that some things there had changed for the better. One major conflict had ended when Eritrea gained its independence from Ethiopia, and both states now had a young, battle-tested and sophisticated leadership avowedly committed to peace and development. Foreign power interference had subsided with the end of the cold war, and a continent-wide wave of democratisation was seen lapping at the borders of the Horn. Interstate relations in the region had improved greatly, ambitious schemes of regional cooperation were envisaged, and demobilisation of armies and guerilla forces was in progress. Added to the expected peace dividend, foreign investment was anticipated to boost development now that socialism, previously the vogue in the region, had given way to the free market. The editorial also noted some things had changed for the worse. Conflict had caused the collapse of the Somali Republic - a first for Africa - and had spread to Djibouti and to parts of northern Sudan. The latter now claimed the dubious distinction of hosting Africa's oldest conflict. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 359-362 Issue: 97 Volume: 30 Year: 2003 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2003.9659770 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2003.9659770 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:30:y:2003:i:97:p:359-362 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ali Moussa Iye Author-X-Name-First: Ali Moussa Author-X-Name-Last: Iye Title: The betrayal of the intellectuals Abstract: The world has evolved, yet in the Horn of Africa people continue to settle ancient scores amongst themselves. As at the time of the Crusades, they confront one another along the same battlelines and from the same ideological trenches. The intellectuals of the region have proved unable to emancipate themselves from the dominant discourses of their societies and cultures and their power structures. Intellectuals throughout the region have been seduced, suborned and instrumentalised by power. They have rallied to every flag of convenience raised by powerholders and powerseekers, In so doing, they have betrayed their calling and their people. What this region needs is intellectuals with integrity and the will to resist the temptation of power. It is time for the intellectuals of the Horn of Africa to launch a 'liberation movement' of and for themselves. A movement for the emancipation of critical thought and its use for the benefit of the common man and woman. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 363-368 Issue: 97 Volume: 30 Year: 2003 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2003.9659771 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2003.9659771 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:30:y:2003:i:97:p:363-368 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leenco Lata Author-X-Name-First: Leenco Author-X-Name-Last: Lata Title: The Ethiopian-Eritrea war Abstract: The Ethiopia-Eritrea war of 1998-2000 stands apart from other contemporary conflicts in Africa in a number of critical ways. First, the multiplicity of its proximate and distant historical causes, coupled with its diverse forms of manifestation, renders fitting it into neat conventional categories a very challenging undertaking. Analysing and adopting policies and measures demands a prior ability to fit conflicts into known categories. Conflicts are commonly believed to fit into either the (1) inter-state (inter-national) or (2) the intra-state (domestic) categories. The latter is further divided into (a) inter-communal or inter-ethnic and (b) intra-communal or intra-ethnic. The main argument of this paper is that the Ethiopia-Eritrea conflict defies attempts to fit it neatly into just one of these types. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 369-388 Issue: 97 Volume: 30 Year: 2003 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2003.9659772 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2003.9659772 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:30:y:2003:i:97:p:369-388 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Medhane Tadesse Author-X-Name-First: Medhane Author-X-Name-Last: Tadesse Author-Name: John Young Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Young Title: TPLF: reform or decline? Abstract: Founded and led by the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF), the Ethiopian Peoples Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) came to power in 1991, after a sixteen-year armed struggle against the military regime that had ruled Ethiopia since 1974. While not formally a marxist-leninist party, the TPLF nonetheless was devoted to these ideals and they figured prominently in the structure and functioning of the organisation. While the TPLF's base represented the peasantry of Tigray, its leadership was dominated by young, radical intellectuals. Itself representing an ethnic group of relatively modest size, the TPLF formed a coalition of ethnically based organisations, the EPRDF, in 1989, to give itself Ethiopia-wide political scope and legitimacy. Once it came to power, the Front faced serious problems of adjustment, but managed to overcome them thanks to the coherence of its programme, the commitment of its cadres, and the cohesiveness of its leadership. In the face of dramatically changed international circumstances, the EPRDF moderated its policies, abandoning marxism and embracing the free market. It weathered an insurrection by the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) in 1992-93, contained Islamist incursions from Sudan and Somalia, won the war against Eritrea (1998-2000), achieved a measure of economic progress, and took large steps towards state decentralisation and smaller ones towards democratisation. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 389-403 Issue: 97 Volume: 30 Year: 2003 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2003.9659773 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2003.9659773 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:30:y:2003:i:97:p:389-403 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ken Menkhaus Author-X-Name-First: Ken Author-X-Name-Last: Menkhaus Title: State collapse in Somalia: second thoughts Abstract: Somalia's protracted crisis of complete state collapse is unprecedented and has defied easy explanation. Disaggregating the Somali debacle into three distinct crises - collapse of central government, protracted armed conflict, and lawlessness - helps to produce more nuanced analysis. Significant changes have occurred in the nature and intensity of conflict and lawlessness in Somalia since the early 1990s, with conflicts becoming more localized and less bloody, and criminality more constrained by customary law and private security forces. These trends are linked to changing interests on the part of the political and economic elite, who now profit less from war and banditry and more from commerce and service business that require a predictable operating environment. The prolonged collapse of Somalia's central government cannot be explained as a reflection of local interests. The country's elite would profit greatly from the revival of a recognized but ineffective 'paper' state. The inability of Somalia's leaders to cobble together such a state is best explained as a product of risk aversion. Political and economic actors in collapsed states fear a change in the operating environment which, though far from ideal, is one in which they have learned to survive and profit. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 405-422 Issue: 97 Volume: 30 Year: 2003 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2003.9659774 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2003.9659774 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:30:y:2003:i:97:p:405-422 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John Young Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Young Title: Sudan: liberation movements, regional armies, ethnic militias & peace Abstract: At the time this article was written - autumn 2002 - peace talks were underway between the Sudan Peoples Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A) and the Government of Sudan (GoS) in Machakos, Kenya. For the first time since the outbreak of the conflict nineteen years ago, the July 20th Protocol reached between the belligerents under the auspices of the Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD) at Machakos raised the possibility of a negotiated resolution of the conflict. Sudan's civil war has been part of the political landscape of Africa for so long, that most people believe it to be intractable. Even more difficult to envisage is an effective government, autonomous or independent, in Southern Sudan. Therefore, it is time to consider the issue of governance in the South, taking into account the administrative and political capacity of the SPLM/A, as well as the challenge posed by a host of rival armed movements loosely grouped under the umbrella of the South Sudan Democratic Front (SSDF), plus a dozen or more tribal militias Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 423-434 Issue: 97 Volume: 30 Year: 2003 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2003.9659775 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2003.9659775 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:30:y:2003:i:97:p:423-434 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Debessay Hedru Author-X-Name-First: Debessay Author-X-Name-Last: Hedru Title: Eritrea: transition to dictatorship, 1991-2003 Abstract: Eritrea's image in the early 1990s as a peaceful and well-ordered state was coloured by the euphoria of independence following a military victory over the formidable army of Ethiopia. Against all odds, the country seceded in 1991 and attained international recognition in 1993. Emphasis on self-reliance reliance and hard work made it easy to overlook the ingrained authoritarianism and basic intolerance of the Eritrean Peoples Liberation Front (EPLF) leadership. Eritreans and foreign observers believed the promise made by the victorious guerilla leadership that Eritrea would learn the lessons of post-colonial African history and would not repeat its mistakes. The EPLF, renamed the Popular Front for Democracy and Justice (PFDJ) in February 1994, reiterated this promise so frequently and eloquently that even the most cynical of persons was inclined to hope Eritrea would be spared the nightmare of dictatorship. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 435-444 Issue: 97 Volume: 30 Year: 2003 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2003.9659776 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2003.9659776 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:30:y:2003:i:97:p:435-444 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John Markakis Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Markakis Title: Anatomy of a conflict: Afar & Ise Ethiopia Abstract: <bold>Bloodshed at Galalu</bold> 23 March 2002: Dawn came that day to find a group of about thirty Afar warriors lying in ambush alongside the road to Djibouti. Newly re-surfaced, Ethiopia's sole link to the sea cuts a straight dark line through the desiccated Alligedhi plain. No vehicles were on the road at that early hour. Lorry drivers avoid night travel, preferring to spend evenings in the shantytowns that dot the road, where they find food, drink and women for sale. A bridge nearby takes the road over the dry bed of the Galalu, a seasonal stream that brings rainwater from the Asebot Mountains to the south. Rain had not fallen in many months, and the emaciated animals on the plain were herded to the Awash River, the area's only permanent source of water some distance to the west. A single well on the Galalu streambed keeps water throughout the year, a precious resource for pastoralists in this parched land, and a bone of violent contention in times of drought. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 445-453 Issue: 97 Volume: 30 Year: 2003 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2003.9659777 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2003.9659777 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:30:y:2003:i:97:p:445-453 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mark Bradbury Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Bradbury Author-Name: Adan Yusuf Abokor Author-X-Name-First: Adan Yusuf Author-X-Name-Last: Abokor Author-Name: Haroon Ahmed Yusuf Author-X-Name-First: Haroon Ahmed Author-X-Name-Last: Yusuf Title: Somaliland: choosing politics over violence Abstract: Since breaking away from Somalia in 1991, the people of Somaliland have charted a different path from Somalia away from violent conflict towards constitutional politics. Unrecognised by the international community, political reconstruction in Somaliland has largely been an internal affair. While lack of formal recognition has had its costs, it has also has given Somalilanders the opportunity to craft a system of government rooted in their local culture and values that is appropriate to their needs. For the past decade this has comprised a system of government that fuses traditional forms of social and political organisation with Western-style institutions of government. In December 2002 Somaliland took the first step towards changing this system by holding multi-party elections for district councils. These were followed in April 2003 by presidential elections. This paper describes the process of political transition in Somaliland and the first democratic elections in this region for 33 years. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 455-478 Issue: 97 Volume: 30 Year: 2003 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2003.9659778 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2003.9659778 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:30:y:2003:i:97:p:455-478 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Adan Azain Mohammed Author-X-Name-First: Adan Azain Author-X-Name-Last: Mohammed Title: Briefings Abstract: Tribal fights have claimed thousands of lives in recent years in Darfur region of western Sudan. Competition over scarce and diminishing resources is the usual cause of conflict, pitting nomads against nomads, nomads against cultivators, migrants from Chad across the border against local inhabitants, and Arabs against Fur. While men do the fighting, some women have the role of appraising men's conduct in war. They can make or break a man's reputation with their poems and songs that praise aggression and bravery and ridicule timidity and cowardice. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 479-510 Issue: 97 Volume: 30 Year: 2003 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2003.9659779 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2003.9659779 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:30:y:2003:i:97:p:479-510 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ray Bush Author-X-Name-First: Ray Author-X-Name-Last: Bush Title: Zimbabwe out in the cold? Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 535-537 Issue: 98 Volume: 30 Year: 2003 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/01 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:30:y:2003:i:98:p:535-537 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roger Tangri Author-X-Name-First: Roger Author-X-Name-Last: Tangri Author-Name: Andrew M Mwenda Author-X-Name-First: Andrew M Author-X-Name-Last: Mwenda Title: Military corruption & Ugandan politics since the late 1990s Abstract: The paper examines cases of corrupt military procurement in Uganda since the late 1990s. It also considers the illicit business activities of Ugandan army officers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo since 1998. The paper then discusses how military corruption aroused the concern of parliament, and became a matter of importance in the 2001 presidential elections. We argue that the prevalence of military corruption was the result of government and army leaders not being subject to public accountability. Not a single leader has been faced with prosecution or punishment for corrupt military behaviour. We conclude by arguing that military corruption has helped to maintain the National Resistance Movement (NRM) in power, although this has been realised at the cost of building a professional national army in Uganda. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 539-552 Issue: 98 Volume: 30 Year: 2003 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/02 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/02 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:30:y:2003:i:98:p:539-552 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brooke Grundfest Schoepf Author-X-Name-First: Brooke Author-X-Name-Last: Grundfest Schoepf Title: Uganda: lessons for aids control in Africa Abstract: Uganda has the one of the oldest recognised AIDS epidemics. The first people found to be sick with AIDS in 1982 in southwestern Uganda became infected in the mid-1970s. For several years, Uganda has been widely recognised as the first and most dramatic African success story, with estimated national HIV prevalence falling from about 15 per cent in 1992 to 5 per cent in 2001. This is truly good news! As the epidemic proceeds through its third decade, many observers suggest that Uganda's prevention efforts are a model to follow. What is the situation there, and what can we learn from Uganda? Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 553-572 Issue: 98 Volume: 30 Year: 2003 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:30:y:2003:i:98:p:553-572 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daniel Volman Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Author-X-Name-Last: Volman Title: The Bush administration & African oil: the security implications of US energy policy Abstract: 'It's been reliably reported,' former US Ambassador to Chad Donald R. Norland announced during a House Africa Subcommittee hearing in April 2002, 'that, for the first time, the two concepts-'Africa' and 'U.S national security'-have been used in the same sentence in Pentagon documents.' When US Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for African Affairs Michael A. Westphal held a press briefing that same month, he noted that 'fifteen per cent of the US's imported oil supply comes from sub-Saharan Africa' and that 'this is also a number which has the potential for increasing significantly in the next decade.' This, Westphal explained, is the main reason that Africa matters to the United States and why 'we do follow it very closely,' at the Pentagon. And during his July 2002 visit to Nigeria, US Assistant Secretary of State for Africa Walter Kansteiner declared that 'African oil is of strategic national interest to us' and 'it will increase and become more important as we go forward.' While American interest in oil and other strategic raw materials from Africa is not new, the Bush Administration's decision to define African oil as a 'strategic national interest' and thus, a resource that the United States might choose to use military force to control is completely unprecedented and deeply disturbing. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 573-584 Issue: 98 Volume: 30 Year: 2003 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/04 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/04 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:30:y:2003:i:98:p:573-584 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joseph Chaumbra Author-X-Name-First: Joseph Author-X-Name-Last: Chaumbra Author-Name: Ian Scones Author-X-Name-First: Ian Author-X-Name-Last: Scones Author-Name: William Wolmer Author-X-Name-First: William Author-X-Name-Last: Wolmer Title: New politics, new livelihoods: agrarian change in Zimbabwe Abstract: In the last four years Zimbabwe has featured prominently in headlines around the world. An ongoing radical land reform involving the seizure of largely white-owned commercial farmland has dramatically altered the physical landscape. Alongside this, a new political terrain has rapidly unfolded with new actors and new institutions. Tensions between authoritarian nationalism and ethnic politics, between a militarised, modernist order and 'traditional' religion and authority have created a complex political mosaic, made up of multiple and overlapping identities and positions. This is a confusing and dynamic landscape populated by actors as diverse as entrepreneurial war veteran 'security guards'-cum-cum-protection protection racketeers, militant ZANU(PF) youth brigades, and marauding elephants possessed by chiefly spirits. Focusing on the farm occupations and 'fast-track' land reform around Sangwe communal area in Chiredzi district, southeastern Zimbabwe, this paper attempts to make sense of this seemingly chaotic landscape. It explores the new patterns of social differentiation and the emerging lines of political authority, and investigates the impact of these changing circumstances on people's livelihoods. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 585-608 Issue: 98 Volume: 30 Year: 2003 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/05 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/05 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:30:y:2003:i:98:p:585-608 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cheikh Gue`ye Author-X-Name-First: Cheikh Author-X-Name-Last: Gue`ye Title: New information & communication technology use by Muslim Mourides in Senegal Abstract: Historically, Senegal has gambled heavily on the potential of New Information & Communication Technologies (NICTs). Indeed, in an environment dominated by oral communication, state-controlled radio broadcasting has been a tool for the reproduction of power (Sagna, 2000). What, then, would be the social and political impact of liberalising and transnationalising the audiovisual media, as well as of ending state control over tools of mass propaganda? The national telecommunications company (SONATEL) undertook a bold initiative, beginning in 1985, to develop the country's telephone service. The resulting system, which was implemented gradually and consists of an all-digital fiber optic network, provides a national coverage which is second to none in West Africa. SONATEL continues to modernise its basic network, providing expanded teleservices and facilitating development of the information superhighway. In the last three years alone, there has been an extraordinary increase in the number of minutes Senegalese have spent online. This revolution in ICTs provides a foundation for a 'civilisation of the universal', to use Le´opold Se´dar Senghor's phrase, and poses a major challenge for Senegal's increasingly urban, internationally-oriented society. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 609-625 Issue: 98 Volume: 30 Year: 2003 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/06 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/06 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:30:y:2003:i:98:p:609-625 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Deborah L. Wheeler Author-X-Name-First: Deborah L. Author-X-Name-Last: Wheeler Title: Egypt: building an information society for international development Abstract: This article examines Egypt's attempt to build an information society for international development as defined by four key variables: an IT infrastructure, a knowledge economy, a public culture of discursive openness, and formal legal institutions which support the digital age. The main finding is that given serious infrastructural challenges, as well as a tendency towards political and economic centralisation, the efforts of a series of government-led projects are unlikely to affect all but the top of the Egyptian social pyramid for the immediate future. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 627-642 Issue: 98 Volume: 30 Year: 2003 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/07 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/07 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:30:y:2003:i:98:p:627-642 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thomas Jaye Author-X-Name-First: Thomas Author-X-Name-Last: Jaye Title: Liberia: An Analysis of Post-Taylor Politics Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 643-686 Issue: 98 Volume: 30 Year: 2003 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/08 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/08 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:30:y:2003:i:98:p:643-686 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reginald Cline-cole Author-X-Name-First: Reginald Author-X-Name-Last: Cline-cole Author-Name: Mike Powell Author-X-Name-First: Mike Author-X-Name-Last: Powell Title: ICTs, ‘virtual colonisation’ & political economy Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 5-9 Issue: 99 Volume: 31 Year: 2004 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/0305624042000258388 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0305624042000258388 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:31:y:2004:i:99:p:5-9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Y.Z. Ya'u Author-X-Name-First: Y.Z. Author-X-Name-Last: Ya'u Title: The new imperialism & Africa in the global electronic village1 Abstract: Globalisation is enabled by new information and communication technologies (ICTs) that have made it easy to move vast quantities of market information and intelligence, as well as capital, around the world. Conscious of the importance of ICTs in the globalisation process, the World Trade Organization (WTO) has developed a vision for structuring the ICT sector in developing countries. However, although embedded in international efforts to address the digital divide, itself occasioned by uneven access to ICTs at a range of geographic scales, WTO strategy for configuring the ICT sectors of developing countries appears to work in the interest of multinational corporations. Furthermore, WTO policy initiatives, especially those which come under the ambit of the Agreement on Telecommunications, GATs and TRIPs, have tended to exacerbate the digital divide. The result is the resurgence of imperialism, this time represented by knowledge dependence. While locating the marginality of Africa in cyberspace within its colonial past, this paper argues that current international attempts at bridging the digital divide are part of wider efforts to not only secure the virgin markets of developing countries, but also to configure the world in the interest of the new imperial powers. Within this context, therefore, Africa faces the challenge of imperialism anew. The paper discusses the substance of this challenge, and argues that while isolationism cannot be promoted as a counter-force to globalisation, Africa must re-establish the basis of its integration into a globalising world by developing a framework that challenges the dominant assumptions of processes of globalisation promoted by the WTO. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 11-29 Issue: 99 Volume: 31 Year: 2004 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/0305624042000258397 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0305624042000258397 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:31:y:2004:i:99:p:11-29 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Serigne Mansour Tall Author-X-Name-First: Serigne Mansour Author-X-Name-Last: Tall Title: Senegalese émigrés: new information & communication technologies1 Abstract: Emigration from Senegal increased rapidly between 1980 and 1990, and its economic and social implications grew in significance. These migratory flows diversified in terms of their departure points and destinations, making complex the challenge of preserving relationships with families at home. As Senegalese emigrated to countries with fewer links to Senegal, the need to find ways of maintaining long-distance relationships became more urgent. How do the émigrés appropriate New Information and Communications Technologies (NICT)? How do the new technologies provide for financial transfers without the physical movement of funds? What role do the émigrés play in the penetration of new technologies in certain disadvantaged sectors? What are the economic and social implications of this advance of NICTs? Tall shows that the types of use made of the new technologies follow from a complex process of appropriation that can make a highly personal tool such as the cellular telephone into a collective instrument to bring a village out of its isolation and connect it with the world. Tall concludes that the emergence of the new technologies and their appropriation by émigrés creates new social configurations both in the new home and in the community of origin, and contributes to the emergence of new spatial understandings. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 31-48 Issue: 99 Volume: 31 Year: 2004 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/0305624042000258405 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0305624042000258405 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:31:y:2004:i:99:p:31-48 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Claire Mercer Author-X-Name-First: Claire Author-X-Name-Last: Mercer Title: Engineering civil society: ICT in Tanzania Abstract: The international development community has recently focussed attention on the potential role Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs; email and Internet) can play in promoting democratic development. The ‘Zapatista effect’ has prompted claims that access to ICTs will strengthen civil society by giving voice to the poor and marginalised, widening popular participation, and encouraging information-sharing and alliance-building. Drawing on research carried out in Dar es Salaam and Arusha, two of Tanzania's ‘most connected’ cities, this paper critically analyses such claims in the light of the experiences of non-governmental organisations' (NGOs) use of ICTs. In the first instance, only a minority of well-resourced, urban and/or international NGOs have access to ICT facilities. Moreover, NGOs are not using ICTs in the ways imagined by donors, who ignore the social, cultural and political contexts within which they would wish to embed technological professionalism. Access to ICTs has to some extent facilitated networking among Tanzania's elite NGOs whose advocacy and lobbying activities have had some impact upon national policies. Overall, however, while donors may enjoy limited success in engineering an elite civil society, the paper concludes that the recent ‘ICT fetishism’ of international donors is likely to result in a case of misplaced optimism. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 49-64 Issue: 99 Volume: 31 Year: 2004 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/0305624042000258414 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0305624042000258414 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:31:y:2004:i:99:p:49-64 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shubi L. Ishemo Author-X-Name-First: Shubi L. Author-X-Name-Last: Ishemo Title: Culture & historical knowledge in Africa: A Cabralian approach Abstract: This article will seek to examine the current debates about what some have characterised as an information age, a network society in the context of capitalist globalisation and its socio-cultural and political implications. It will seek to problematise the problem historically and to argue for the continued relevance of the role of history and culture in the shaping of African approaches to the so-called information revolution. It will argue that the dominant perspective on the significance of the communication and information technologies in the African socio-economic, political and cultural processes have been based on the resuscitated modernisation theories and a resurgent neo-liberal ideology which seeks to legitimize the capitalist counter-revolution on a world scale. The re-colonisation of Africa and much of the countries of the South has been accompanied by a crisis whose profoundly devastating effects on humanity are very well known. Debates as to resolve the worldwide crisis have included the role that communication and information technologies might play. It will be suggested that this has resulted in problems that are synonymous to those which Amilcar Cabral and others sought to confront and shape the intellectual tools that guided the national liberation struggle. In the current historical epoch, those intellectual tools are relevant in the struggle for the re-humanisation of humanity. They will be characterised by what Fidel Castro has termed the ‘battle of ideas’. It will be suggested that this will be best waged through the recovery of the positive cultural and historical knowledge of the African people and the selective borrowing and re-adaptation of positive cultural and intellectual tools from other societies. That will result in the liberation of the processes of the development of the productive forces. A liberatory use of information and communication technologies has to be concretized in the socio-cultural realities of Africa. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 65-82 Issue: 99 Volume: 31 Year: 2004 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/0305624042000258423 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0305624042000258423 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:31:y:2004:i:99:p:65-82 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dirk Kohnert Author-X-Name-First: Dirk Author-X-Name-Last: Kohnert Title: Election observation in Nigeria & Madagascar: diplomatic vs. technocratic bias Abstract: International election observation has become a valuable means of supporting African democratic polity. Notably, EU observer missions adopting a professional approach are meant to shield against political pressures from partisan stakeholder interests. However, this growing professionalism did not necessarily lead to less biased observation results. Available evidence suggests that in crucial cases, the origin and orientation of the bias changed from ‘diplomatic’ to ‘technocratic’. The latter can be as least as damaging to the declared aims of election observation as the former. Two outstanding examples, the observation of transitional elections in Nigeria and Madagascar, will serve to illustrate this hypothesis and its consequences for the necessary reorientation of election observation methodology. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 83-101 Issue: 99 Volume: 31 Year: 2004 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/0305624042000258432 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0305624042000258432 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:31:y:2004:i:99:p:83-101 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mark Thompson Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Thompson Title: Discourse, ‘Development’ & the ‘Digital Divide’: ICT & the World Bank Abstract: Information and communication technology(ies) (ICT) is tipped to play an increasingly enabling role in the inclusion and exclusion of groups from participation in the discourse of ‘development’, with material consequences. In affecting how ‘development’ is framed, discussed and practised, the conception and use of such technologies itself thus becomes an important field of discourse for the analysis of power relations in the ‘developmental’ field. This paper shows how a recent ICT-related initiative by the World Bank Group can be seen as an attempt to replicate its position of strength within the predominant, technocratic discourse of development, to the exclusion of alternative views of technology, and even of ‘development’ itself. Using a method of critical discourse analysis, the paper then examines a recent speech on ICT by the Bank’s president, which provides a detailed example of the way in which existing, macro-level power structures are replicated at the micro-level of discursive practice. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 103-123 Issue: 99 Volume: 31 Year: 2004 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/0305624042000258441 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0305624042000258441 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:31:y:2004:i:99:p:103-123 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Morris Szeftel Author-X-Name-First: Morris Author-X-Name-Last: Szeftel Title: Two cheers? South African democracy's first decade Abstract: The contributions in this issue mark the tenth anniversary of democracy and political liberation in South Africa. They are a selection of the papers originally presented to a Workshop organised in September 2003 in Johannesburg by the Democracy and Governance section of the Human Sciences Research Council of South Africa. We are grateful to Roger Southall, its director, and to John Daniel for organising the conference, agreeing to a joint publication of papers with ROAPE and co-editing this issue. All the contributors are scholars and activists living and working in South Africa. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 193-202 Issue: 100 Volume: 31 Year: 2004 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/0305624042000262239 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0305624042000262239 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:31:y:2004:i:100:p:193-202 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pallo Jordan Author-X-Name-First: Pallo Author-X-Name-Last: Jordan Title: The African National Congress: from illegality to the corridors of power Abstract: This article examines both the performance of the ANC in power and the requisites of power which have forced it to redefine itself, experiencing thereby a profound metamorphosis. It argues that radical policy shifts have from the party's birth in 1912, been part of its political reality so that heterodoxy has often become the new orthodoxy. This tradition of change has been accelerated by local and global realities since 1994 -- an assumption of office with virtually no power over the civil service and upper reaches of the security forces and a post-Cold War environment which generated a demonised of state intervention. Being in office has also changed the character of the ANC with the party now attracting those seeking a career and the perks of office, a consequence of which has been repeated allegations of the misuse of state funds levelled against ANC representatives. Finally, the paper notes that the ANC's second term has been marked by growing tensions with the Communist Party and a foreign policy with, as its central pillar, the creating of space for Africa to define its own future. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 203-212 Issue: 100 Volume: 31 Year: 2004 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/0305624042000262248 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0305624042000262248 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:31:y:2004:i:100:p:203-212 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ruth Hall Author-X-Name-First: Ruth Author-X-Name-Last: Hall Title: A Political economy of land reform in South Africa* Abstract: Land reform is one way in which the ‘new’ South Africa set out to redress the injustices of apartheid and, by redistributing land to black South Africans, to transform the structural basis of racial inequality. During the first decade of democracy, land reform has fallen far short of both public expectations and official targets. This article describes the progress of the programme and its changing nature. It is argued that a recent shift in land policy, from a focus on the rural poor to ‘emerging’ black commercial farmers, is consistent with changes in macro-economic policy and reflects shifting class alliances. The programme now appears to pursue a limited deracialisation of the commercial farming areas rather than a process of agrarian restructuring. Most fundamentally, land reform has not yet provided a strategy to overcome agrarian dualism.<fn id="fn1"> This paper draws on research by the author under the aegis of the ‘Evaluating Land and Agrarian Reform in South Africa’ research programme at the Programme for Land and Agrarian Studies (PLAAS), University of Western Cape, and in particular the final report of that research, co-authored with Peter Jacobs and Edward Lahiff (Hall, Jacobs and Lahiff, 2003). </fn> Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 213-227 Issue: 100 Volume: 31 Year: 2004 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/0305624042000262257 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0305624042000262257 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:31:y:2004:i:100:p:213-227 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Edward Webster Author-X-Name-First: Edward Author-X-Name-Last: Webster Author-Name: Sakhela Buhlungu Author-X-Name-First: Sakhela Author-X-Name-Last: Buhlungu Title: Between marginalisation & revitalisation? the state of trade unionism in South Africa Abstract: This article provides an overview of the structure and organisation of the contemporary trade union movement in South Africa. It identifies seven broad trends in the labour market and their impact on the labour movement. It then examines the variety of initiatives by unions to tackle the problems generated by these trends. The article suggests that these initiatives are largely ad hoc and uncoordinated. It concludes that there is a need to go beyond traditional union structures to explore imaginative ways of engagement with the unemployed, the new working poor, their own members, employers, government, the new social movements and labour movements in other countries. However, it suggests that it is premature to pronounce the marginalisation of labour in post-apartheid South Africa. If well-coordinated and prioritised, the revitalisation initiatives identified in the article open up the opportunity for labour to contribute towards the emergence of a new jobcreating developmental path in South Africa. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 229-245 Issue: 100 Volume: 31 Year: 2004 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/0305624042000262266 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0305624042000262266 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:31:y:2004:i:100:p:229-245 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kristina Bentley Author-X-Name-First: Kristina Author-X-Name-Last: Bentley Title: Women's human rights & the feminisation of poverty in South Africa Abstract: This article assesses the range of measures in place in South Africa to protect the human rights of women and establish their equality. The Constitution, the National Action Plan, ratified international law and domestic law all aim, or claim, to prioritise the ‘right’ treatment of women in South Africa. On paper then, there is a human rights ‘culture’ which is particularly nuanced to take account of gender difference and women's particular vulnerability to the effects of poverty, HIV/AIDS and violence. In practice however, women comprise the majority of the most marginalised, impoverished and least empowered sector of South African society. The paper assesses this marginalisation in the context of an enduring patriarchal culture. The retention of this ‘under-blanket’ of patriarchal power underlies the virtual exclusion of women from the mainstream of South African economic life. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 247-261 Issue: 100 Volume: 31 Year: 2004 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/0305624042000262275 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0305624042000262275 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:31:y:2004:i:100:p:247-261 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Neva Seidman Makgetla Author-X-Name-First: Neva Seidman Author-X-Name-Last: Makgetla Title: The post-apartheid economy Abstract: South Africa's post-apartheid economy has been characterised by low growth and investment, and a rise in unemployment (at 30%, higher than any other middle income country). Government economic policy has stressed the encouragement of investment through deregulation, privatisation and fiscal restraint. However, the failure of this strategy to promote growth and create jobs points to the need for a more interventionist strategy, one in which government must do more to stimulate equitable growth. This proposition is highly contested. Nonetheless, in response to the crisis within the economy, the government has adopted limited reforms involving increased spending on basic social services and housing, greater emphasis on job creation and equity, a renewed stress on planning and coordination and greater support for cooperatives. Yet these new initiatives do not constitute a systematic plan for transforming the economy and more integrated policies are required to overcome dualism and stimulate job-creating growth.<fn id="fn1"> My thanks to Tanya van Meelis for comments. </fn> Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 263-281 Issue: 100 Volume: 31 Year: 2004 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/0305624042000262284 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0305624042000262284 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:31:y:2004:i:100:p:263-281 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chris Alden Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Alden Author-Name: Garth le Pere Author-X-Name-First: Garth Author-X-Name-Last: le Pere Title: South Africa's post-apartheid foreign policy: from reconciliation to ambiguity?1 Abstract: This article focuses on South Africa's rehabilitation from international pariah status during the apartheid years to its de facto status as leader of the African continent. Its ambitious foreign policy agenda and the pan-African revivalism of Mbeki are discussed in the context of the many constraints (the need to attract foreign investment, limited institutional capacity, ambiguities over the nature of South Africa's identity) that circumscribe its capacity to achieve these goals. While under Mandela South Africa is portrayed in foreign policy terms as an over-stretched state striving to meet the idealistic demands placed upon it by a fragile world, Mbeki's pragmatism and moderation has seen South Africa recast its role in a manner more commensurate with its size and resources. The primary aims of the Mbeki presidency are seen as a reshaping of current international norms, institutions and processes to further global justice for Africa and the South.<fn id="fn1"> This paper draws on previous research, which has culminated in an Adelphi Paper of the London-based International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS). </fn> Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 283-297 Issue: 100 Volume: 31 Year: 2004 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/0305624042000262293 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0305624042000262293 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:31:y:2004:i:100:p:283-297 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jeremy Seekings Author-X-Name-First: Jeremy Author-X-Name-Last: Seekings Title: Trade unions, social policy & class compromise in post-apartheid South Africa Abstract: The poor benefit greatly through redistribution through the budget in South Africa: Poor children attend public schools in large numbers and poor households benefit from a public welfare system that is exceptional in comparative terms. Trade unions have championed these apparently pro-poor policies, even though the trade union movement is not a movement of the poor in South Africa (there are very few union members in the poorest half of the population). Trade unions' record in acting as a movement for the poor is shaped by their primary objective of looking after their members' interests. In education, teachers and unions engage with the state as the employer more than as the provider of a social service. Teachers' unions were primarily responsible for securing more expenditure on poor schools in the mid-1990s, but this was the result of increased salaries. Self-interest has led teachers and their unions to oppose, block or impede some reforms that would improve the quality of schooling for poor children. In welfare reform, trade unions have championed the cause of the basic income grant, which is in the interests of the poor. A close analysis suggests that organised labour is also acting here in part out of self-interest. The socialisation of welfare costs will reduce the burden on working people and would deflect criticism of union-backed policies that, arguably, contribute to an economic growth path characterised by high wages but low employment. In previous work I argued that post-apartheid South Africa entailed a double class compromise, between capital, labour and the poor. The evidence from these areas of social policy suggests that this argument overstated the power of the poor and underestimated that of organised labour. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 299-312 Issue: 100 Volume: 31 Year: 2004 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/0305624042000262301 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0305624042000262301 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:31:y:2004:i:100:p:299-312 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roger Southall Author-X-Name-First: Roger Author-X-Name-Last: Southall Title: The ANC & black capitalism in South Africa Abstract: The emphasis initially laid by the African National Congress (ANC) on national reconciliation after 1994 meant that its ideas about Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) were non-threatening to white interests. However, the government's recent strategy is more assertive, having the aim of creating a black capitalist class, which is both ‘patriotic’ and productive, as laid down in the ANC's guiding theory of the ‘National Democratic Revolution’. Corporate capital is responding with recognition of the inevitability and potential advantages of BEE. However, given the centrality of the state to the deliberate task of creating black capitalism, there are considerable dangers of the latter's lapse into Asian-style cronyism. The ‘patriotic’ nature of black capitalism is therefore in sharp contestation with its ‘parasitism’. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 313-328 Issue: 100 Volume: 31 Year: 2004 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/0305624042000262310 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0305624042000262310 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:31:y:2004:i:100:p:313-328 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Terry Crawford-Browne Author-X-Name-First: Terry Author-X-Name-Last: Crawford-Browne Title: The arms deal scandal Abstract: To people in South Africa and millions around the world who supported the struggle against apartheid, it is incomprehensible that the ANC government's first major decision was to buy warships and warplanes when there is no conceivable foreign military threat and when the real threat to the consolidation of democracy is poverty. Instead of houses, schools and clinics being built, instead of money to tackle AIDS, South Africa bought submarines. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 329-342 Issue: 100 Volume: 31 Year: 2004 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/0305624042000262329 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0305624042000262329 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:31:y:2004:i:100:p:329-342 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ray Bush Author-X-Name-First: Ray Author-X-Name-Last: Bush Title: Editorial: An African scramble? Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 383-384 Issue: 101 Volume: 31 Year: 2004 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/0305624042000295495 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0305624042000295495 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:31:y:2004:i:101:p:383-384 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ian Phimister Author-X-Name-First: Ian Author-X-Name-Last: Phimister Author-Name: Brian Raftopoulos Author-X-Name-First: Brian Author-X-Name-Last: Raftopoulos Title: Mugabe, Mbeki & the politics of anti-imperialism Abstract: There can be little doubt that one of the most significant aspects of the current crisis in Zimbabwe, especially the events of the past two or three years, has been its international character. At the heart of President Robert Mugabe's offensive against the array of forces opposed to his rule are repeated attempts to place the Zimbabwe problem at the centre of a larger anti-imperialist and Pan-African position. These tactics have been crucial to the process of legitimising the recent actions of ZANU-PF, in power since independence in 1980. The land question in particular has been located within a discourse of legitimate redress for colonial injustice, language which has resonated on the African continent, and within the Third World more generally. Knowing that his authoritarian rule would be confronted with a widespread national and international critique centred on property rights, human rights and the rule of law, Mugabe and his advisors constructed alternative discourses around the need for renewed liberation struggle solidarity, the continuing effects of African marginalisation attendant on the globalisation process, and the presumptions of liberal imperialism. Behind this rhetorical shield, the ZANU-PF government has effectively suspended the rule of law as it attempts to bludgeon its opponents into silence. In doing so, it has enjoyed the support provided by the so-called ‘quiet diplomacy’ and ‘constructive engagement’ of other Southern and Central African governments. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 385-400 Issue: 101 Volume: 31 Year: 2004 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/0305624042000295503 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0305624042000295503 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:31:y:2004:i:101:p:385-400 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kenneth Omeje Author-X-Name-First: Kenneth Author-X-Name-Last: Omeje Title: The state, conflict & evolving politics in the Niger Delta, Nigeria Abstract: The prime concern by the Nigerian state in the management of the oil conflicts in the Niger Delta has been to maximise oil revenues. What is probably most confounding about this strategy is the evolving tendency to twist and treat every conflict in the Niger Delta, including some episodic ‘epi-oil’ conflicts abetted or orchestrated by the state itself, as oil conflicts. In other words, there is a tendency on the part of the state to wittingly ‘oilify’ some apparently extra-oil conflicts. Compared to other regimes before it, the present civilian administration has probably contributed most to the fast-tracking of this evolving phenomenon. This article unravels and analyses the evolving politics of oilification of extra-oil conflicts in the Niger Delta, its underlying rationale and consequences. Oilification, as the study demonstrates, is yet another in the series of dangerous contradictions engendered by the Nigerian state. How this and other dangerous contradictions could possibly be solved is a research conundrum for the relevant cognoscenti of state-society relations and conflicts in Nigeria. But would the Nigerian state take on board any useful and promising solutions materialising from such studies? This is most unlikely in the present conjuncture given the prevailing configuration of interests in the state. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 425-440 Issue: 101 Volume: 31 Year: 2004 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/0305624042000295521 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0305624042000295521 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:31:y:2004:i:101:p:425-440 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Patrick Johnston Author-X-Name-First: Patrick Author-X-Name-Last: Johnston Title: Timber Booms, State Busts: The political economy of Liberian timber Abstract: This article places the political economy of Liberian timber in the context of the theory of state failure. It explores the relationship between private investment, state failure and war, highlighting how Charles Taylor exploited timber concessions to foreign firms as a proxy for effective state institutions in Liberia. It examines the reasons why foreign investment -- particularly in Liberia's timber industry -- prolonged the civil war and destroyed the country's formal economy. And it challenges the neo-liberal assumption that increased economic activity provides incentives for rulers to build stable institutions and to provide security to investors. Neo-liberal prescriptions coupled with a changing global economy produced no incentive for Charles Taylor, a faction leader from 1989 and Liberia's president from 1997 until exile in 2003, to attempt to develop state institutions or to prevent the collapse of the formal economy. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 441-456 Issue: 101 Volume: 31 Year: 2004 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/0305624042000295530 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0305624042000295530 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:31:y:2004:i:101:p:441-456 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carol B. Thompson Author-X-Name-First: Carol B. Author-X-Name-Last: Thompson Title: US trade with Africa: African growth & opportunity? Abstract: This paper analyses the ‘USA Trade and Development Act’ (aka African Growth and Opportunity Act-AGOA) in the context of the WTO promotion for free trade. First, it briefly reviews ‘free trade’ relations for the African continent. It then analyses the trade relations of the US with Africa, as well as the performance of the US in following its own doctrine of open markets. The core of the paper addresses the trade agreement itself, discussing the conditionalities for eligibility for African countries to enlist the agreement, as well as analysing the provisions for the trade; it gives empirical findings about the impact of the act in its first years. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 457-474 Issue: 101 Volume: 31 Year: 2004 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/0305624042000295549 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0305624042000295549 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:31:y:2004:i:101:p:457-474 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jeremy Keenan Author-X-Name-First: Jeremy Author-X-Name-Last: Keenan Title: Terror in the Sahara: the implications of US imperialism for North & West Africa Abstract: Whichever way one looks at it, the Sahara has now become an extremely dangerous place. If one believes all that has been said and written on events in the Sahara by US and other (notably Algerian) military intelligence and associated government agencies and the media since early 2003, then the Sahara-Sahel region of Africa has become a front line in the ‘War on Terror’. If that is the case, the inability of the security forces to apprehend the key terrorists, notably the GSPC (<italic>Groupe Salafiste pour la Pre´dication et le Combat</italic>) under the leadership of their supposed emir Abderrezak Lamari (aka Amari Saifi but generally known as <italic>El Para</italic> after his stint as a parachutist in the Algerian army), would suggest that the current US administration and its military, which now has special forces and ‘contractors’ fanned out across the region and whose intelligence and operational services have the region under more or less total satellite, air and ground surveillance, is remarkably inept -- something which should no longer surprise us in the light of their debacles in Afghanistan and Iraq. If, on the other hand, and as now seems increasingly likely, the Sahara has been made the arena of an elaborate intelligence deception, then the danger to the local populations and the security threat presented by the seemingly inevitable ‘blowback’ from this operation to other regions, notably West Africa, North Africa and Europe itself, is probably even greater. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 475-496 Issue: 101 Volume: 31 Year: 2004 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/0305624042000295558 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0305624042000295558 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:31:y:2004:i:101:p:475-496 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sally Matthews Author-X-Name-First: Sally Author-X-Name-Last: Matthews Title: Investigating NEPAD's Development Assumptions Abstract: <bold>The New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) proposes a new strategy to bring about the development of the African continent. In order to assess NEPAD, it is necessary to reveal what NEPAD takes development to be. This article suggests that development, however it is understood, includes three aspects: a characterisation of the current situation which shows this situation to be undesirable, the envisaging of a desirable future, and the positing of a strategy that should be followed in order to bring about the desirable future. The article assesses NEPAD by examining the assumptions it makes with regard to these three aspects of development; and through such an examination reveals NEPAD to be an ambiguous and unimaginative project. While Africans thus have reason to feel discouraged by the emergence of NEPAD, the critical responses to NEPAD made by African academics and civil society groups are encouraging. These responses give rise to the hope that the African continent may yet see the emergence of alternative visions of a better future, and alternative paths to realise such visions.</bold> Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 497-511 Issue: 101 Volume: 31 Year: 2004 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/0305624042000295567 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0305624042000295567 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:31:y:2004:i:101:p:497-511 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Arrigo Pallotti Author-X-Name-First: Arrigo Author-X-Name-Last: Pallotti Title: SADC: A development community without a development policy? Abstract: During the last decade a major shift occurred in the policy strategies of African sub-regional organisations. Self-reliance and pan-African solidarity have been replaced by trade liberalisation as the primary aim of inter-state economic cooperation in sub-Saharan Africa. This article analyses the economic strategy pursued by the Southern African Development Community (SADC) during the 1990s. After reviewing the theoretical and political ambiguities surrounding the creation of SADC in 1992, the article examines the main political issues raised by the implementation of the SADC Trade Protocol and questions the neo-liberal approach that underlies the new industrial strategy now under discussion within the SADC. The analysis of contemporary trade and investment trends in Southern Africa highlights the increasing economic polarisation among the countries of the region and raises serious questions on the regional development potential of the market-driven integration promoted by the SADC. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 513-531 Issue: 101 Volume: 31 Year: 2004 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/0305624042000295576 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0305624042000295576 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:31:y:2004:i:101:p:513-531 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Janet Bujra Author-X-Name-First: Janet Author-X-Name-Last: Bujra Author-Name: Lionel Cliffe Author-X-Name-First: Lionel Author-X-Name-Last: Cliffe Author-Name: Morris Szeftel Author-X-Name-First: Morris Author-X-Name-Last: Szeftel Author-Name: Rita Abrahamsen Author-X-Name-First: Rita Author-X-Name-Last: Abrahamsen Author-Name: Tunde Zack-Williams Author-X-Name-First: Tunde Author-X-Name-Last: Zack-Williams Title: Agendas, past & future Abstract: This issue marks the 30th anniversary of the birth of The Review of African Political Economy in 1974. At the time, its founders were unsure if it would get off the ground and they certainly never thought it would last thirty years! Apart from debate about what its role would be, there were doubts about their own stamina, and about whether successor generations would emerge to take it on. The challenge was set out by Anderson in relation to another Left Review:<disp-quote specific-use="indent"> <italic>…political journals have no choice: to be true to themselves, they must aim to extend their real life beyond the conditions or generations that gave rise to them (Anderson, New Left Review, 2000).</italic> </disp-quote> Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 557-569 Issue: 102 Volume: 31 Year: 2004 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/0305624042000327741 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0305624042000327741 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:31:y:2004:i:102:p:557-569 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gavin Williams Author-X-Name-First: Gavin Author-X-Name-Last: Williams Title: Political economies & the study of Africa: Critical considerations Abstract: This paper is a revised version of a keynote address to the <italic>Review of African Political Economy</italic> Conference in Birmingham on 5 September 2003. It situates the contributions of the <italic>Review of African Political Economy</italic> to understanding Africa in relation to the defining texts of political economy and economic science and of political domination. It rejects culturalist, rationalist and causal explanations of African societies in favour of historical analyses. It argues for the importance of studies of Africa for the historical and social sciences. It considers the conditions necessary to create and sustain democratic citizenship. It questions the idea of ‘development’ and argues for the need to examine ‘really-existing policies’. It follows Max Weber in contrasting the conflicting responsibilities of political action and scientific enquiry. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 571-583 Issue: 102 Volume: 31 Year: 2004 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/0305624042000327750 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0305624042000327750 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:31:y:2004:i:102:p:571-583 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: William G. Martin Author-X-Name-First: William G. Author-X-Name-Last: Martin Title: Beyond Bush: The future of popular movements & US Africa policy* Abstract: This article reviews US policy towards Africa, arguing that continuity over the past four administrations far outweighs differences between presidential candidate Senator Kerry and President George Bush. If Kerry were to win the Presidential elections in November, this would not lead to any radical change in US-Africa relations. What is new over the longer term, and is posed so starkly by Bush's unilateralist and militarised actions, is the relentless development of a post-liberal world order and policy agenda. Opposition to this agenda by progressive movements and organisations focused upon such issues as debt cancellation, privatisation, and public health has already born fruit in Africa and elsewhere. The successes, failures, and contradictions of these new campaigns and organisations reflect the post-liberal conditions they work under, and are thus significantly different from the solidarity struggles of the past.<fn id="fn1"> The assistance of Jim Cason was invaluable in constructing this essay, for which the author is very grateful. </fn> Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 585-597 Issue: 102 Volume: 31 Year: 2004 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/0305624042000327769 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0305624042000327769 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:31:y:2004:i:102:p:585-597 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Patrick Bond Author-X-Name-First: Patrick Author-X-Name-Last: Bond Title: The ANC's ‘Left Turn’ & South African sub-imperialism Abstract: The South African government is widely considered to play a progressive role in Africa and the world. Indeed, there was an expectation after the 2004 election that Pretoria would be part of a global backlash against neoliberalism. However, the radical rhetoric often emanating from Pretoria these days barely disguises its post-apartheid record of promoting of strategies which promote global integration. These include the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD); ‘normalised’ bilateral military relations with the Pentagon and geopolitical alliances with Washington across Africa; trade liberalisation; collaboration with Western financial power and facilitation of transnational capital in Africa; and opposition to demands for reparations for the West's apartheid-era profits. While some academic commentators have not yet grasped the essential nature of this policy direction, activists in the African Social Forum networks have periodically demanded the adoption of alternative strategies. Their vision is grounded in values of social justice and international solidarity; Pretoria's appears to be merely sub-imperialist. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 599-616 Issue: 102 Volume: 31 Year: 2004 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/0305624042000327778 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0305624042000327778 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:31:y:2004:i:102:p:599-616 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Janet Bujra Author-X-Name-First: Janet Author-X-Name-Last: Bujra Title: AIDS as a crisis in social reproduction Abstract: Using the conceptual framework of social reproduction as a way of reassessing the AIDS crisis in Africa, this paper finds contradictory tendencies: a devastating impact on agricultural modes of livelihood which sustain the majority and which enable workers to present themselves as cheap labour, but also a crisis for the reproduction of capital as its supply of such labour is depleted. The impact on and response to the epidemic by the state is explored as well as its reflection of marked gender and class inequalities. Conversely the impetus to certain fractions of capital which benefit from AIDS and the confrontation of the state and pharmaceutical companies by an emergent populist movement demanding the right to treatment, exposes the extent to which transformation rather than simple reproduction is in evidence. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 631-638 Issue: 102 Volume: 31 Year: 2004 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/0305624042000327787 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0305624042000327787 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:31:y:2004:i:102:p:631-638 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roy Love Author-X-Name-First: Roy Author-X-Name-Last: Love Title: HIV/AIDS in Africa: Links, livelihoods & legacies Abstract: Of the significance of HIV/AIDS at household, village and community level throughout Africa there can be no doubt. By 2002, the cumulative number of deaths from the disease in Africa had been estimated to be of the order of 19 million (calculated from Barnet & Whiteside, table 1.1 and UNAIDSa), almost 30 million Africans were estimated to be HIV positive, and by 2010 some 6 million of the then total deaths will have been in South Africa alone (Lewis, 2004). Although it is impossible to be precise, such figures considerably exceed those of around 11 million often (conservatively) estimated to have been transported during the entire period of the Atlantic slave trade (Austin, 1987). As with slavery, HIV/AIDS also primarily claims adult victims where the impact on economic production is greatest - another recent estimate is that between 1985 and 2020 over 20% of adult farm workers in the nine hardest hit African countries will have lost their lives because of AIDS (UNFAO, 2004a). While the impact is likely to be similar in many respects, two obvious differences from slavery are that the perpetrator is less easy to identify and moral judgements more readily confused, producing many examples of politically loaded policy decisions and value-laden interventions. Moreover, debates about ‘being faithful’ to one partner, possibly in marriage, and postponing teenage sex are institutional camouflage over the fact that a primary means of transfer of this disease in Africa has been through a physical activity as natural as eating and drinking, and which often involves great emotional and affectionate intimacy between two people. It can also of course be a violently imposed act by men on women and girls. In either case, there is the heightened pathos of human tragedy to which we as commentators should not lose our sensitivity and potential for empathy as a result of excessive intellectualising. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 639-648 Issue: 102 Volume: 31 Year: 2004 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/0305624042000327796 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0305624042000327796 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:31:y:2004:i:102:p:639-648 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lloyd M. Sachikonye Author-X-Name-First: Lloyd M. Author-X-Name-Last: Sachikonye Title: Solidarity & Africa in the new century Abstract: <disp-quote specific-use="indent"> <bold> <italic>Solidarity is an awareness of a common humanity and global citizenship and the voluntary acceptance of the responsibilities that go with it. It is the conscious commitment to redress inequalities both within and between countries. It is based on recognition that in an interdependent world, poverty or oppression anywhere is a threat to prosperity and stability everywhere…</italic> </bold> -super-1 </disp-quote> The second half of the 20th century witnessed the most sustained upsurge in the process of national liberation and independence in the developing or ‘Third’ world. This upsurge reached a climax in the attainment of national liberation in such diverse countries as Vietnam in 1975, the Lusophone states also in the 1970s, in Africa, and in Zimbabwe in 1980. The transition to independence and democracy in Namibia and South Africa in the 1990s represented a fitting climax of this liberation and de-colonisation process. The last quarter of the century was similarly momentous in that it witnessed the flowering of the international solidarity movement. The struggles against United States imperialism in Vietnam and elsewhere in the world, and against apartheid in Southern Africa and Portuguese fascism took on a special resonance during this period. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 649-656 Issue: 102 Volume: 31 Year: 2004 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/0305624042000327804 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0305624042000327804 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:31:y:2004:i:102:p:649-656 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael Burawoy 1 Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Burawoy 1 Title: From liberation to reconstruction: Theory & practice in the life of Harold Wolpe* Abstract: Writings from exile have a long and distinguished pedigree. Trotsky wrote his History of the Russian Revolution while in exile in Turkey and The Revolution Betrayedin Norway; Lenin wrote Imperialism: The Highest Stage of Capitalism in Zurich and had to escape to Finland to write State and Revolution; Luxemburg wrote The Accumulation of Capitalin Switzerland, and Gramsci wrote his Prison Notebooksunder the eye of fascist jail guards. Marx wrote his Capital while exiled in London which is also where Harold Wolpe wrote his most important analyses of South Africa. Being in exile gave him the space to develop a new research program for the study of South Africa, its present, its past, and its future.<fn id="fn1"> This is a shortened version of The Harold Wolpe Memorial Lecture, presented in July 2004 in South Africa. Among the ideas on which it reflects are those Wolpe originally published in ROAPE and which this issue revisits. It is not only a tribute to Wolpe's singular contribution to the African liberation struggle but also an acute reflection of the struggles for liberation and reconstruction that lie ahead, the political practice they demand, the uses of state power required for these tasks and the obligations of intellectual responsibility they impose. See, http://www.wolpetrust.org.za/index.htm </fn> Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 657-675 Issue: 102 Volume: 31 Year: 2004 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/0305624042000327813 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0305624042000327813 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:31:y:2004:i:102:p:657-675 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lionel Cliffe Author-X-Name-First: Lionel Author-X-Name-Last: Cliffe Title: Imperialism & African Social Formations Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 5-7 Issue: 103 Volume: 32 Year: 2005 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240500120943 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240500120943 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:32:y:2005:i:103:p:5-7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Seddon Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Seddon Author-Name: Leo Zeilig Author-X-Name-First: Leo Author-X-Name-Last: Zeilig Title: Class & protest in Africa: New waves Abstract: This article considers the relationship between working class struggle and popular protest in Africa over the last 40 years. We argue that the form and content of class relations which developed in the period of nationalist struggle and early ‘national development’ have been fundamentally restructured by the process of globalisation. From the late 1970s, a great wave of widespread popular protest and resistance was noted around the world, including Africa (Parfitt & Riley, 1994; Walton and Seddon, 1994). The strikes, marches, demonstrations and riots that characterised this wave of protest and resistance (often termed ‘bread riots’ or ‘IMF riots’) usually involved a variety of social groups and categories and did not always take place under a working class or trade union banner or with working class leadership -- if this term is used in its narrow sense. A broader array of popular forces did, however, challenge not only the immediate austerity measures introduced as part of structural adjustment and ‘economic reform’, but also the legitimacy of the reforms themselves and even, sometimes, the governments that introduced them. They also frequently identified the international financial institutions and agencies that led this concerted effort to further enmesh ‘the developing world’ and the ordinary people who live there, into the uneven process of capitalist globalisation in the interests of major transnational corporations and the states that gain most from their operations. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 9-27 Issue: 103 Volume: 32 Year: 2005 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240500120976 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240500120976 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:32:y:2005:i:103:p:9-27 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miles Larmer Author-X-Name-First: Miles Author-X-Name-Last: Larmer Title: Reaction & Resistance to Neo-liberalism in Zambia Abstract: This paper explores the current Zambian discourse around neo-liberal economic polices, in particular its expression in a trade union-led campaign against the privatisation of the Zambian National Commercial Bank (ZNCB). It locates the origin of these protests in the impact of economic liberalisation programmes implemented by the ruling Movement for Multi-Party Democracy (MMD) since 1991. The paper studies the privatisation of the economically strategic copper mining industry and, taking as a case study the mining town of Luanshya, explores the linkages between a secretive and corrupt privatisation process, and its human consequences for mineworkers, their families and communities. It finds that the International Financial Institutions (IFIs) sought to implement privatisation regardless of legal requirements, social consequences, and the future sustainability of the mining industry. It surveys the development of opposition to privatisation amongst civil society organisations, particularly trade unions, and seeks to identify emerging Zambian alternatives to neo-liberalism, including new models of popular control of strategic economic resources, and a renewed authoritarian nationalism that feeds on popular resentment of the effects of neo-liberal policies. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 29-45 Issue: 103 Volume: 32 Year: 2005 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240500120992 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240500120992 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:32:y:2005:i:103:p:29-45 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Suzanne Dansereau Author-X-Name-First: Suzanne Author-X-Name-Last: Dansereau Title: Win-win or new imperialism? Public-private partnerships in Africa mining Abstract: One of the most significant elements of globalisation is the way in which the reshaping of the public-private divide is transforming the relationship between state and economy. In industrialised economies, there is a growing commodification and privatisation of public services, undertaken through the establishment of public private partnerships. State policy is becoming increasingly ‘market-driven’, managing national politics in such a way as to adapt to the pressures of transnational market forces (Leys, 2001). In developing economies, structural adjustment has removed the state as the principal agent of development, while private agencies are playing an increasingly public role as they engage in public service delivery. These include non-profit organisations (churches and NGOs) and for-profit caregiving and educational institutions (van Rooy & Robinson, 1998). In the political arena, the discourse over donor-defined democratisation has also meant a larger political role for a differentiated set of private agents, in the name of civil society participation, prompting Schmitz & Hutchful (1992) to call this a recipe for ‘free markets and free votes’. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 47-62 Issue: 103 Volume: 32 Year: 2005 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240500121024 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240500121024 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:32:y:2005:i:103:p:47-62 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jock McCulloch Author-X-Name-First: Jock Author-X-Name-Last: McCulloch Title: Beating the odds: The quest for justice by South African asbestos mining communities1 Abstract: In March 2003 a small community group, ‘The Concerned People Against Asbestos (CPA)’ based at Prieska in the Northern Cape, won a court case in a foreign country. That case may change the way in which multinational corporations behave in the developing world. Until now the hidden costs of mining in Southern Africa have been paid for by labour. The CPA's victory may also help to end that injustice. It is usual to depict communities like Prieska as dis-empowered and impoverished. Despite its lack of resources the CPA was able to synchronise an elaborate game of small and big politics. The group's victory suggests that such communities have levels of political and organisation skill which given the right alignments can be irresistible. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 63-77 Issue: 103 Volume: 32 Year: 2005 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240500121057 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240500121057 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:32:y:2005:i:103:p:63-77 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Frank Van Acker Author-X-Name-First: Frank Author-X-Name-Last: Van Acker Title: Where did all the land go? Enclosure & social struggle in Kivu (D.R.Congo) Abstract: Kivu's traditional patrimonial system revolved around the distribution of access rights to communally held land in return for rents that were redistributed through the system. The social capital embedded in this institutional framework was a public good. The introduction of a ‘modern’ land law in 1973 destroyed the social cohesion of that patrimonial system; it sanctioned efforts to capitalise and appropriate the full value of these rents. At the time of the law's introduction, market mechanisms for factor markets including land, were not developed, so they had to be simulated. The core of this simulation consisted of exchanging social capital, built up in networks that involved political power-holders and state administrators, for assets. The social capital embedded in these networks was a ‘club good’ rather than a public good; both are non-rival in nature, but with a club good, unlike public goods, exclusion is workable. Its effect was therefore marginalisation and dispossession of those not belonging to the ‘club’, and the erosion of the existing social capital tied up in the traditional institutional framework by breaking the patterns of reciprocity and assurance featured in it. This evolution has contributed to a change of social structure and a crisis of legitimacy that increased social tensions and the potential for conflict. The customary leadership was able to cling to their positions by mobilising their clientele on an ethnic platform, conveniently using the issue of nationality: ‘foreigners’, especially the Banyarwanda and Banyamulenge, were accused of having unrightfully appropriated customary land and of having subverted the customary order. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 79-98 Issue: 103 Volume: 32 Year: 2005 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240500120984 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240500120984 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:32:y:2005:i:103:p:79-98 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John Young Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Young Title: Sudan: a flawed peace process leading to a flawed peace Abstract: <disp-quote specific-use="block"> <italic>Peace is more than the cessation of military hostilities, more than simple political stability. Peace is the presence of justice and peace building entails addressing factors and forces that stand as impediments to the realisation of all human rights.</italic>1 </disp-quote> The hopes and aspirations of the Sudanese people hang on the Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD)2 peace process and there are increasing doubts whether it can deliver lasting peace, much less democracy and justice. It is too early to give up on the process, but not too late to analyse and critique it, in the hope that this will encourage debate and stimulate the Sudanese to take control of the process from self-proclaimed leaders and an ‘international community’ which has not encouraged broad participation. This is all the more important because there is every indication that the flaws discussed below will be repeated in trying to resolve the conflict in Darfur. The following points are articulated in the pages that follow: (1) most Sudanese in both the north and south have been denied access to the IGAD peace process; (2) this process has been dominated by a handful of Western states led by the US which have injected their own interests into the process; (3) democracy and justice do not figure highly among their concerns; (4) the peace protocols that have been signed do not adequately address fundamental issues of power sharing, equity, and human rights; (5) the security agreements reached thus far, and the instruments they establish, lack accountability, transparency and professionalism; and (6) given the weaknesses of the peace process, the belligerents are indicating by their actions, if not their words, that they are not discounting the possibility of returning to war. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 99-113 Issue: 103 Volume: 32 Year: 2005 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240500121008 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240500121008 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:32:y:2005:i:103:p:99-113 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Giles Mohan Author-X-Name-First: Giles Author-X-Name-Last: Mohan Author-Name: Tunde Zack-WiIlliams Author-X-Name-First: Tunde Author-X-Name-Last: Zack-WiIlliams Title: Oiling the wheels of imperialism Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 213-214 Issue: 104-105 Volume: 32 Year: 2005 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240500329080 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240500329080 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:32:y:2005:i:104-105:p:213-214 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tim Jacoby Author-X-Name-First: Tim Author-X-Name-Last: Jacoby Title: Cultural determinism, Western hegemony & the efficacy of defective states Abstract: This paper argues that the notion of a defective state, including those designated as ‘weak’, ‘failed’ or ‘collapsed’, has a number of obvious advantages for the West. First and most obviously, it offers an explanation for the faults of the state in question that does not implicate outside forces. Second, it justifies external action to intervene in the internal affairs of domestic regimes and, finally, it implies that such action can only reliably remove the inherent threat posed by defective states if intervention produces a project of political transformation. This suggests three questions (which make up the focus of the paper as a whole). First, if outside forces are not to blame, what is there within defective states that explains their failings? Second, what form should an external response to these problems take and, third, what sort of political transformation should that external response seek to enact within the target state? Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 215-233 Issue: 104-105 Volume: 32 Year: 2005 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240500329106 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240500329106 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:32:y:2005:i:104-105:p:215-233 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sandra T. Barnes Author-X-Name-First: Sandra T. Author-X-Name-Last: Barnes Title: Global flows: Terror, oil & strategic philanthropy Abstract: US involvement in Africa is growing following threats of terrorism and interruptions in oil production and because of desires by foreign corporations to expand their activities on the continent. The response of American policymakers has been to establish a stronger military presence that will engage in counterterrorism initiatives and police oil installations. The goals and extent of this buildup, and the ideology legitimating it, are new. They are departures from Cold War policies. Similarly, the response of American business leaders to weaknesses in the infrastructure and political order of African states leads them to establish their own forms of community development, known as strategic philanthropy, in order to protect and expand local markets. Despite these major developments, the media are not informing the public. This article examines the implications of these military and business initiatives for African nations and the reasons for lack of information about them. <fn id="FN0001"> Editor's Note: This article was delivered as the presidential address to the African Studies Association, New Orleans, 12 November 2004. It first appeared in <italic>the African Studies Review</italic>, Vol. 47, No. 5, April 2005:1--22, the principal scholarly journal of that Association. On the role of the US in Africa, also see Daniel Volman, ‘US Military Involvement in Africa’ and Michel Chossudovsky, ‘New Undeclared Arms Race: America's Agenda for Global Military Domination’ in <italic>ROAPE</italic> 103, March 2005. </fn> Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 235-252 Issue: 104-105 Volume: 32 Year: 2005 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240500329148 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240500329148 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:32:y:2005:i:104-105:p:235-252 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lars Buur Author-X-Name-First: Lars Author-X-Name-Last: Buur Title: Sovereignty & democratic exclusion in the new South Africa Abstract: In this essay I will outline the contours of the attempt by the ANC government to reorder state-civil society relations. This will be done by delineating the form of civil society participation that the government has promulgated in the field of justice enforcement in order to ‘tame’ or direct the uncontrolled aspects and forces of self-organisation emanating from the struggle against apartheid known as ‘people’s power’. The article will argue that the establishment of institutions like the Community Policing Forums (CPF) were created to harbour and give direction to these forces rests on and allows for a particular type of democratic citizenship or normative ethical being, while excluding other types of political-ethical being. The essay illustrates how past ideas about friends and enemies of the ANC are used as the interpretive lens to decode opposition to the CPF. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 253-268 Issue: 104-105 Volume: 32 Year: 2005 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240500329205 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240500329205 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:32:y:2005:i:104-105:p:253-268 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Steven Kyle Author-X-Name-First: Steven Author-X-Name-Last: Kyle Title: The political economy of Angolan growth: Social & regional structure Abstract: Too often macroeconomic trends and long term growth prospects are considered in isolation from the very real effect of the physical, social and economic structures. This is particularly so in the case of Angola as its huge flows of revenue from mineral exports collide with the legacy of external debt. However, the interaction of the overarching macro trends with existing political and regional divisions magnifies the difficulties of resolving either the economic or the political problems that have prevented progress for several decades. This paper discusses the ways in which the political divides that have existed for centuries not only remain important even in the post-colonial era, but interact with macroeconomic trends to generate a path of growth and development that is unique to Angola. It is argued that a long term political accommodation involving a solution to Angola's internal political tensions requires addressing all of these issues simultaneously since they all contribute to the current problems and line up precisely the same groups in opposition to each other. These ‘axes of polarisation’ include coastal vs. interior, rural vs. urban/industrial, Mbundu/mestiço vs. Ovimbundu and MPLA vs. UNITA. This discussion proposes a way to overcome these problems and achieve sustained long-term growth. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 269-293 Issue: 104-105 Volume: 32 Year: 2005 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240500329221 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240500329221 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:32:y:2005:i:104-105:p:269-293 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paul Goodison Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Goodison Title: Six months on: What shift is there in the EU approach to EPA negotiations? Abstract: With the UK presidency of the EU Council of Ministers pending (July 2005), EU Trade Commissioner Peter Mandelson is coming under increased pressure to modify the European Commission’s approach to Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) negotiations with African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries. Criticism and pressure for change is not only coming from an increasingly vocal and active campaign by non-governmental development agencies in the UK, Europe and Africa (see <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://www.stopepa.org/">http://www.stopepa.org/</ext-link> for details of the campaign), but also from several more official sources. These include the Africa Commission established by prime minister Tony Blair, the inquiry by the House of Commons Select Committee on International Development into EU-ACP EPA negotiations1 and the joint position paper adopted by the UK Department of Trade and Industry and Department for International Development.2 Commissioner Mandelson has responded to this criticism by modifying and extending the rhetoric on the centrality of development concerns to the EC’s approach to EPA negotiations. However it is still unclear to what extent the Commissioner’s rhetoric is being taken up in practice by EC trade negotiators and EC aid officials. As the Zambian trade minister, Dipak Patel, has recently declared: <disp-quote specific-use="quote"> <italic>what Peter has said in his speech to the LSE [London School of Economics] was excellent, but perhaps his negotiators need to read it more than we do.</italic>3 </disp-quote> Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 295-308 Issue: 104-105 Volume: 32 Year: 2005 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240500329262 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240500329262 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:32:y:2005:i:104-105:p:295-308 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. H. Khalil Timamy Author-X-Name-First: M. H. Author-X-Name-Last: Khalil Timamy Title: Debate Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 383-393 Issue: 104-105 Volume: 32 Year: 2005 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240500329270 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240500329270 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:32:y:2005:i:104-105:p:383-393 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tunde Zack-williams Author-X-Name-First: Tunde Author-X-Name-Last: Zack-williams Author-Name: Giles Mohan Author-X-Name-First: Giles Author-X-Name-Last: Mohan Title: Africa from SAPs to PRSP: Plus ca change plus C'est la Meme Chose Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 501-503 Issue: 106 Volume: 32 Year: 2005 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240500466957 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240500466957 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:32:y:2005:i:106:p:501-503 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Musambayi Katumanga Author-X-Name-First: Musambayi Author-X-Name-Last: Katumanga Title: A city under Siege: Banditry & modes of accumulation in Nairobi, 1991-2004 Abstract: This is a study of the impact of political and economic liberalisation on modes of socio-economic engagement and accumulation in Kenya's capital city, Nairobi, subsequent to the introduction of multiparty ‘democracy’ in 1992.1 On the one hand economic liberalisation led to a diminished state-provisioning capacity and unwillingness to protect public interests. On the other hand, political conditionalities opened up political space but also spawned anomic tendencies within the regime and among social groups and individuals, with struggles in defence of economic position against each other at one level, and against the state and local councils at another. This account focuses on the political economy underlying the resultant urban banditry in Nairobi. It seeks to demonstrate how a besieged regime facilitates the criminalisation of urban existence in a bid to ensure its survival. The argument here is that beleaguered regimes survive through a twin strategy. They privatise public violence and appropriate private violence. The net effect is the perversion of social order and the emergence of bandit economies. Regime longevity may derive not only from lack of an alternative leadership and organising ideology, but also from the threat to perceived benefits accruing from such informal economies. The ruling elite responds to the possibility of losing power by using neo-patrimonial structures to selectively allocate public spaces to their cronies, thereby subverting social order and undermining democratisation, security and social harmony; this in turn spawns urban banditry. Urban banditry here denotes the unregulated deployment of instruments of coercion by ruling elite and various elements within the citizenry in bids to facilitate acquisition of economic benefits and political leverage. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 505-520 Issue: 106 Volume: 32 Year: 2005 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240500466981 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240500466981 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:32:y:2005:i:106:p:505-520 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kate Manzo Author-X-Name-First: Kate Author-X-Name-Last: Manzo Title: Modern slavery, global capitalism & deproletarianisation in West Africa Abstract: This paper explores the concept of ‘new’ or modern slavery in the wake of media reports of widespread child slavery on cocoa plantations in Côte d'Ivoire (the RCI). The first part defines slavery as unpaid forced labour, identifies the defining feature of modern slavery as the shift in the master-slave relation from legal ownership to illegal control, and then draws on a range of secondary sources to show that child slavery does exist in the Côte d'Ivoire even if numbers are contested. The many thousands of child slaves apparently trafficked from Mali make this a West African (and not simply Ivorian) phenomenon. The aspects of global capitalist development used in part two to explain the Ivorian situation, namely deproletarianisation and the costs of adjustment are also wider processes not unique to one country. The focus on the RCI as a case study is therefore intended as a stimulus to further questions and broader research into the relationship between capitalism and modern slavery in Africa. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 521-534 Issue: 106 Volume: 32 Year: 2005 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240500467013 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240500467013 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:32:y:2005:i:106:p:521-534 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John Young Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Young Title: John Garang's legacy to the peace process, the SPLM/A & the south Abstract: The death of Dr. John Garang, First Vice President of Sudan, President of Southern Sudan, and Chairman of the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/ Army (SPLM/A) in a helicopter crash on 30 July, and the riots that followed, produced doubts about the viability of the 9 January 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) and the prospects of peace processes underway elsewhere in the country. On the surface, this is not surprising because Garang had been the leader of the SPLM/A since its founding in 1983 and for many in Sudan and abroad he virtually personified the struggle of the south. Garang was also the unchallenged focal point during the various peace processes, in particular during the final phase of the Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD) negotiations which were largely reduced to then First Vice President Ali Osman Taha and himself. And more than anyone else on either side of the table, Garang was the biggest beneficiary of the peace process which granted him a virtual hegemonic position in the south and the holding of a strong vice presidency nationally. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 535-548 Issue: 106 Volume: 32 Year: 2005 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240500467039 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240500467039 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:32:y:2005:i:106:p:535-548 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Duncan Holtom Author-X-Name-First: Duncan Author-X-Name-Last: Holtom Title: Reconsidering the power of the IFIs: Tanzania & the world bank, 1978-1985 Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 549-568 Issue: 106 Volume: 32 Year: 2005 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240500467054 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240500467054 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:32:y:2005:i:106:p:549-568 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Susan Willett Author-X-Name-First: Susan Author-X-Name-Last: Willett Title: New Barbarians at the Gate: Losing the liberal peace in Africa Abstract: Within contemporary liberal peace discourse, poverty and underdevelopment are being constructed as ‘new threats’ that feed conflict and terrorism. This perception has encouraged a growing convergence between the security and development policies of the major donors. However, in Africa, where the need to simultaneously tackle conflict and underdevelopment is most pressing, the global institutions have failed to acknowledge that the neo-liberal policies that they pursue have been instrumental in structuring the domestic political and economic tensions that have contributed to violent conflict. Moreover, the current preoccupation with the war on terror has encouraged the co-option of development resources for security functions resulting in the incremental securitisation of development policies. Regardless of its expanding base and the process of mission creep, the liberal peace complex has failed to secure sustainable peace in Africa. Into the vacuum created by failure, the ‘new barbarian’ agenda that underpins the ‘war on terror’ has surreptitiously moved, expanding its reach and its wake of pillage and destruction. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 569-594 Issue: 106 Volume: 32 Year: 2005 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240500467062 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240500467062 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:32:y:2005:i:106:p:569-594 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roy Love Author-X-Name-First: Roy Author-X-Name-Last: Love Author-Name: Giles Mohan Author-X-Name-First: Giles Author-X-Name-Last: Mohan Author-Name: Tunde Zack-Williams Author-X-Name-First: Tunde Author-X-Name-Last: Zack-Williams Title: State, class & civil society in Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 5-9 Issue: 107 Volume: 33 Year: 2006 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240600671142 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240600671142 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:33:y:2006:i:107:p:5-9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daniel Branch Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Author-X-Name-Last: Branch Author-Name: Nicholas Cheeseman Author-X-Name-First: Nicholas Author-X-Name-Last: Cheeseman Title: The politics of control in Kenya: Understanding the bureaucratic-executive state, 1952--78 Abstract: Colonial rule in Kenya witnessed the emergence of a profoundly unbalanced institutional landscape. With all capacity resided in a strong prefectural provincial administration, political parties remained underdeveloped. The co-option of sympathetic African elites during the colonial twilight into the bureaucracy, the legislature and the private property-based economy meant that the allies of colonialism and representatives of transnational capital were able to reap the benefits of independence. In the late colonial period these elites not only attained the means of production, they also assumed the political and institutional capacity to reproduce their dominance. The post-colonial state must therefore be seen as a representation of the interests protected and promoted during the latter years of colonial rule. Under Jomo Kenyatta, the post-colonial state represented a ‘pact-of-domination’ between transnational capital, the elite and the executive. The ability of this coalition to reproduce itself over time lay in its capacity to demobilise popular forces, especially those elements of the nationalist movement that questioned both the social and economic cleavages of the post-colonial state. Whilst Kenya may have experienced changes to both the executive and legislature, the structure of the state itself has demonstrated remarkable continuity. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 11-31 Issue: 107 Volume: 33 Year: 2006 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240600671183 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240600671183 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:33:y:2006:i:107:p:11-31 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miatta Fahnbulleh Author-X-Name-First: Miatta Author-X-Name-Last: Fahnbulleh Title: In search of economic development in Kenya: Colonial legacies & post-independence realities Abstract: The post-colonial period in Africa saw nationalist aspirations for development entangled with the quest for industrialisation. However, the national experiences of industrial and economic development in this era have been marked by varying degrees of disappointment. Kenya, like much of Africa, has failed to engender the levels of industrial growth and subsequent levels of development to which it aspired. Much of the explanations for Africa's disappointing record of industrial development have focused on two central factors: the structural constraints on industrial development and the policies that were pursued. In many ways, these factors are inherently linked to a colonial legacy. Africa's disappointing record of industrial and economic development cannot be divorced from its historical context. It is thus necessary to consider the extent to which the structures that were in place at the end of colonialism predetermined the pattern of development that would emerge in the post-independence era. When evaluating the post-independence experience of industrial development, two specific colonial legacies stand out as decisive: ‘colonial under-development’ and the ‘policy inheritance’. This article argues that although these legacies were profound, it was ultimately the dynamics of post-independence realities that determined the path of development. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 33-47 Issue: 107 Volume: 33 Year: 2006 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240600671258 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240600671258 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:33:y:2006:i:107:p:33-47 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gabrielle Lynch Author-X-Name-First: Gabrielle Author-X-Name-Last: Lynch Title: Negotiating Ethnicity: Identity politics in contemporary Kenya-super-1 Abstract: Ethnic identities are best understood as complex and contested social constructs, perpetually in the process of creation (c.f. Berman, 1998). It is with the perpetual processes of evolution, devolution, change and conformity of ethnic identities, often perceived to be cultural givens, that this paper concerns itself. Ethnicity is a politically relevant signifier in contemporary Kenya, and drawing on evidence from Kenya's Rift Valley Province and Western Province, the paper looks at the ways in which ‘modern’ Kenyans can, and do, contest, revive, create, negotiate and renegotiate their ethnic identity. The paper reveals how ethnic communities can both contract and/or expand, and how individual actors and groups can draw on selective memories and histories to justify their ‘migration’ from one community to another; while the relevant content of ethnic units is open to both debate and contestation. The paper provides detailed evidence of the fact and nature of ethnic construction, deconstruction and creation in the Kenyan postcolony and reveals how processes of ethnic negotiation and renegotiation are ultimately fuelled by the desire to stake claims to, and access resources controlled by the Kenyan state and external agents. Ultimately, the negotiation and renegotiation of ethnicity is inexorably intertwined with common perceptions of how political representation and redistribution actually works in Kenya, and with the perceived opportunities for advancement in both domestic and/or international arenas and forums. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 49-65 Issue: 107 Volume: 33 Year: 2006 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240600671282 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240600671282 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:33:y:2006:i:107:p:49-65 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amrik Heyer Author-X-Name-First: Amrik Author-X-Name-Last: Heyer Title: The gender of wealth: markets & power in Central Kenya Abstract: It is illegal to uproot coffee. But nowadays in the farmsteads of Murang'a district, at the heart of the coffee producing belt of Central Kenya, one can see many crops other than coffee growing between the coffee bushes, while coffee itself remains untended. In particular, the dark green with which coffee has painted the hillsides is now broken by light feathery leaves of banana trees. Coffee is the crop of men, but bananas, as a food crop, are the crop of women. Bananas grow best in coffee producing areas and their increasing importance is now a major challenge to coffee. So much so, that, despite their association with women, men are now moving into the banana market, and in the process, transforming relationships between gender, wealth and power in rural Kenya. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 67-80 Issue: 107 Volume: 33 Year: 2006 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240600671361 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240600671361 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:33:y:2006:i:107:p:67-80 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Oscar Gakuo Mwangi Author-X-Name-First: Oscar Author-X-Name-Last: Gakuo Mwangi Title: Kenya: Conflict in the ‘Badlands’: The Turbi massacre in Marsabit district Abstract: Before dawn on 12 July 2005, about 1,000 heavily armed bandits made a series of raids in the Didigalgalo-Turbi area some 130 kilometres from Marsabit Town. At least 53 people, including 21 primary school children, were killed. The bandits left a trail of destruction at the trading centre and Turbi boarding primary school and burned to the ground the nearby group of dwellings. Area residents narrated how the armed raiders surrounded them and went for the primary school where Class Eight pupils had gone for their morning preps. They recounted how nine pupils from the primary school were sprayed with bullets in cold blood as they huddled together on the dusty floor of the houses where they had sought refuge. An elderly woman residing in one of the two houses was also killed. Others were hacked to death by panga-wielding raiders whose intentions appear to have been aimed at massacring the entire village. An infant had his head smashed on a rock. More than 100 people were badly injured some and were rushed to hospital in Marsabit Town by traders. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 81-91 Issue: 107 Volume: 33 Year: 2006 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240600671324 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240600671324 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:33:y:2006:i:107:p:81-91 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Janet Bujra Author-X-Name-First: Janet Author-X-Name-Last: Bujra Title: Class relations: AIDS & socioeconomic privilege in Africa Abstract: A critical consideration of the way social class is defined in studies of HIV/ AIDS in Africa exposes the inadequacies of ‘indexical’ accounts in which class is reduced to a statistical category (the predominant mode of analysis in epidemiological research). It compares this to relational accounts which view class as a set of dynamic interactions between groups struggling to assert or defend social positions relating to livelihoods. Arguing that class relations frame both the transmission and the response to the AIDS epidemic in Africa, it looks at the evidence which can be drawn from both indexical and relational accounts of the particular significance of class in this situation, noting its crucial intersection with gender relations and taking Tanzania as its key case. <fn id="FN0001"> This paper was originally presented to the African Studies Association Biennial conference: Goldsmiths College, University of London: 13-15 September 2004. </fn> Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 113-129 Issue: 107 Volume: 33 Year: 2006 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240600671373 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240600671373 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:33:y:2006:i:107:p:113-129 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ray Bush Author-X-Name-First: Ray Author-X-Name-Last: Bush Author-Name: Jeremy Keenan Author-X-Name-First: Jeremy Author-X-Name-Last: Keenan Title: North Africa: Power, politics & promise Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 175-184 Issue: 108 Volume: 33 Year: 2006 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240600842586 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240600842586 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:33:y:2006:i:108:p:175-184 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Béatrice Hibou Author-X-Name-First: Béatrice Author-X-Name-Last: Hibou Title: Domination & control in Tunisia: Economic levers for the exercise of authoritarian power Abstract: This article analyses the exercise of power in Tunisia. It does so by offering an explanation that differs from standard studies of authoritarianism, which generally focus on classifications, definitions, and terminological questions, and view power as something that can be possessed and thereby used. In contrast, the analysis here argues from two traditions within historical sociology; Weber's political economy and Foucault's analysis of the exercise of power, in order to demonstrate that techniques of domination are embedded in the most everyday economic mechanisms such as in the tax system, solidarity practices and the industrial mise à niveau. These practices serve both to advance the ‘economic miracle’ and simultaneously function as techniques of coercion and repression. An analysis of ‘privatisation of the state’ is then used to illustrate one mode of government and its attendant forms of domination. Contrôle et domination en Tunisie: les modalités économiques de l'exercice d'un pouvoir autoritaire A partir d'une critique des analyses dominantes de la relation entre «régime autoritaire» et «miracle économique» en Tunisie, cet article entend proposer une lecture originale des relations de pouvoir et des modes de gouvernement en faisant émerger les mécanismes d'exercice du pouvoir et les bases socio-économiques sur lesquelles il repose. A la croisée de deux traditions intellectuelles de la sociologie historique de l'Etat -- l'économie politique wébérienne et l'analyse foucaldienne de l'exercice du pouvoir et de la domination -- Béatrice Hibou suggère, d'une part, que les rouages économiques fondent aussi les relations de pouvoir qui autorisent la domination, et parfois la répression et, de l'autre, que ces pratiques peuvent tout aussi bien servir la coercition que permettre au miracle de se réaliser. Pour mettre en évidence ces ambivalences et l'incomplétude des logiques d'action, l'auteur entre dans le détail des pratiques économiques quotidiennes. La fiscalité, la mise à niveau et les négociations continues entre entrepreneurs et autorités politiques et administratives constituent un premier champ d'analyse: elles montrent la réalité de la contrainte, mais aussi bien des arrangements, des accommodements et même de l'adhésion. Cette dernière est en partie rendue possible par la prégnance du mythe réformiste, mythe partagé par tous, en partie par les avantages que les uns et les autres en retirent. L'analyse de la «privatisation de l'Etat» -- notamment dans sa modalité originale du 26.26, ce système de «dons» contraints et obligatoires -- constitue un second temps de la démonstration. En Tunisie, les modalités indirectes et privées de gouvernement ne sont pas contradictoires, ni incompatibles avec la tradition dirigiste et l'interventionnisme incessant. Elles doivent plutôt être analysées comme des techniques complémentaires dans l'art de gouverner, qui autorisent l'exercice d'une punition et d'une gratification, mais assurent également une sécurité économique et sociale. Elles participent du paternalisme et du contrôle social, et permettent simultanément contrôle et ascension sociale, surveillance et création de richesse. C'est pour cela aussi qu'il ne s'agit fondamentalement pas de répression et que si domination il y a, elle est souvent acceptée. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 185-206 Issue: 108 Volume: 33 Year: 2006 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240600842628 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240600842628 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:33:y:2006:i:108:p:185-206 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lahouari Addi Author-X-Name-First: Lahouari Author-X-Name-Last: Addi Title: The political contradictions of Algerian economic reforms Abstract: From the outset, independent Algeria's political economy was marked by a paradox, for which it is still, today, paying the price. In 1962, the State, which is essentially public, was privatised, while commercial activities, which are essentially private, were made public. That was the time when revolutionary elites in the Third World thought that faith alone was enough to develop the country, using the State but without setting up the institutions guaranteeing free expression for the social groups organised as parties, trade unions, vested interests in order to participate in the political process. In the Boumedienne-Abdeslam period (1965-1978), the economic sector of the State was expected to absorb all commercial activities, from the large-scale steel industry down to the small local bakery, preventing the different social groups from enjoying any economic autonomy. Nor were they expected to make any claims on the political order. The State had set itself the task of satisfying all social needs through the so-called public sector whose vocation was not to make any profits, but to serve the public and, as a priority, the most destitute among the population. Cet article traite des réformes économiques en Algérie, à l'ordre du jour depuis les années 1980, non encore réalisées malgré les discours des gouvernements successifs. Visant formellement à opérer la transition de l'économie administrée vers l'économie de marché, ces réformes se heurtent à la nature autoritaire du régime dans lequel des clans puissants utilisent les institutions de l'Etat pour s'enrichir. Ils s'opposent à la concurrence et à la mise en place d'un capitalisme manufacturier productif, préférant la spéculation et le commerce comme seuls modes d'accumulation. Par ailleurs, l'Etat refuse toujours de se débarrasser du secteur économique public déficitaire, craignant de faire exploser les chiffres déjà élevés du chômage. Il préfère continuer à financer les déficits des entreprises sous sa tutelle et à distribuer des salaires vidés de leur pouvoir d'achat par des dévaluations massives, tout en interdisant la liberté syndicale pour empêcher les travailleurs de s'opposer aux effets de ces dévaluations. L'embellie financière, suite à l'augmentation spectaculaire des prix mondiaux des hydrocarbures à partir de 1999, n'est pas mise à profit pour augmenter les capacités productives du marché national. Un programme de reconstruction a été lancé, certes nécessaire, mais rien n'a été prévu pour encourager la production. Au lieu d'exploiter les formidables ressources financières pour modifier le caractère rentier de l'économie, le gouvernement a opté pour une politique distributive qui allège momentanément les effets du chômage et qui permet à une couche privilégiée de s'approprier une part importante de la rente énergétique. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 207-217 Issue: 108 Volume: 33 Year: 2006 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240600842651 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240600842651 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:33:y:2006:i:108:p:207-217 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alison Pargeter Author-X-Name-First: Alison Author-X-Name-Last: Pargeter Title: Libya: Reforming the impossible? Abstract: The violent protests that broke out in Libya's eastern city of Benghazi in February 2006 in response to the row over the Danish cartoons of the Prophet Mohamed came as no big surprise to Libya watchers. Although the demonstrations were sparked by Italian minister Roberto Calderoli's declaration that he intended to print t-shirts bearing the cartoons, they also reflected the simmering discontent and frustration that have long been building in the country's second city. Indeed, the protests were as much a means of expressing anger with the situation inside Libya as they were about the depiction of the Prophet and it wasn't long before protestors began shouting anti-regime slogans. Although Benghazi has traditionally been a rebellious region kept deliberately impoverished by the regime, the frustrations expressed by those in the incident are not unique to the eastern region. There is a groundswell of anger and despondency among much of the Libyan population at the regime's apparent inability or lack of will to improve living conditions and day-to-day life in the country. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 219-235 Issue: 108 Volume: 33 Year: 2006 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240600842685 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240600842685 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:33:y:2006:i:108:p:219-235 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mariz Tadros Author-X-Name-First: Mariz Author-X-Name-Last: Tadros Title: State welfare in Egypt since adjustment: Hegemonic control with a minimalist role Abstract: This article argues that Egypt's implementation of an economic reform and structural adjustment programme since 1991 has not led to a reduction of its hegemony over certain welfare services. Yet its role in the provision of free health and educational services has been drastically curtailed. This is evident if the pre- and post adjustment situations are analysed in terms of the poor's access to education and health services. The introduction of cost recovery measures has negatively impacted on the poor and increased their vulnerability to exploitation by exposing them to a wide range of ‘hidden’ and informal fees. Further, the introduction of special policies designed to mitigate the rising costs of education and health care are not being implemented due to a set of institutional and political reasons. The consequences of the increasing privatisation of educational and health services on the poor are examined by looking at the detail of those living in the densely populated community of Bulaq el Dakrour in Cairo. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 237-254 Issue: 108 Volume: 33 Year: 2006 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240600842701 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240600842701 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:33:y:2006:i:108:p:237-254 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jacob Mundy Author-X-Name-First: Jacob Author-X-Name-Last: Mundy Title: Autonomy & <italic>Intifadah</italic>: New Horizons in Western Saharan Nationalism Abstract: The Western Sahara conflict entered its thirtieth year last November. Celebrated by Moroccans and lamented by Sahrawi nationalists, the anniversary went largely unnoticed by the international community. Though it has been on the Security Council's agenda since 1988, Western Sahara has defied resolution by three successive Secretaries General and Kofi Annan's former personal envoy, former US Secretary of State James Baker. It is likely that a fourth Secretary General will take over management of the conflict next year. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 255-267 Issue: 108 Volume: 33 Year: 2006 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240600842875 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240600842875 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:33:y:2006:i:108:p:255-267 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jeremy H. Keenan Author-X-Name-First: Jeremy H. Author-X-Name-Last: Keenan Title: Security & insecurity in North Africa Abstract: The article analyses the North African security situation over the last 15 or so years, but especially since the 9/11 attacks on New York and Washington, which provided the pre-emptive basis for the launch of Washington's global ‘War on Terror’. The article explains how and why the US, in collaboration with its lead ally in the region, Algeria, and with the cognisance of France and other European powers, duplicitously fabricated a new front in the ‘war on terror’ across the Sahara and Sahel, bringing an entirely new dimension to the nature and meaning of ‘terrorism’ in North Africa. Far from furthering political stability, security and democracy, as the Bush administration has proclaimed, Washington's attempt to establish itself as the elite power in the region has taken North Africa and most of the Sahel into a dangerous spiral of increased authoritarianism and repression, increased regional instability and insecurity, increased popular resentment of both Washington and the regimes of the region and the increased threat of militant extremism. The article shows how the US has not been able to get its own way willy-nilly in the region, but has instead found itself running up against a whole raft of pressures and conflicts, many of its own making, which reflect both existing and new forms of political opposition and organisation. In focusing on labour and resource issues, especially those connected with oil and gas production, the article highlights the links between abundant oil, rents and the aggrandizement of the authoritarian state at the expense of autonomous civil society. The article concludes by suggesting that the US is unable to maintain its power and position in North Africa as a result of what is turning into a classic case of imperial over-reach. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 269-296 Issue: 108 Volume: 33 Year: 2006 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240600842974 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240600842974 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:33:y:2006:i:108:p:269-296 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael Klare Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Klare Author-Name: Daniel Volman Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Author-X-Name-Last: Volman Title: America, China & the Scramble for Africa's Oil Abstract: After decades of Cold War, when Africa was simply viewed as a convenient pawn on the global chessboard, and a further decade of benign neglect in the 1990s, the African continent has now become a vital arena of strategic and geopolitical competition for not only the United States, but also for China, India, and other new emerging powers. The main reason for this is quite simple: Africa is the final frontier as far as the world's supplies of energy are concerned with global competition for both oil and natural gas (particularly the latter) becoming just as intense -- if not even more so -- than the former. The factors behind the growing attention to African energy supplies are well known; so we will only summarise them here.1 World oil production is only just meeting world demand and old fields are being drained faster than new production can be brought on line. Supplies will be tight for the foreseeable future, so any new source of supply is significant. Most importers are also trying to reduce their dependence on Middle Eastern oil. In the next 10-15 years, most of the new oil entering the world market is going to be coming from African fields because it is only in Africa -- and to a lesser extent in the volatile Central Asia region -- that substantial new fields have been found and brought into production. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 297-309 Issue: 108 Volume: 33 Year: 2006 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240600843048 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240600843048 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:33:y:2006:i:108:p:297-309 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martin Baldwin-Edwards Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Baldwin-Edwards Title: ‘Between a rock & a hard place’: North Africa as a region of emigration, immigration & transit migration Abstract: The prevailing Eurocentric perspective on Mediterranean migration lies almost exclusively in the security paradigm, focusing upon African illegal migration to Europe and disregarding the role of migration in the socio-economic development of the African continent. The older emigration histories of North African countries are diverse, with Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria linked to France as a destination country, Libya as an immigration country, and Egypt linked with other Arab countries for temporary migration alongside permanent migration to Anglophone countries. More recent changes include the emergence of southern Europe as destination countries for all except Libyans, and all of North Africa turned into transit countries for migrants from sub-Sahara Africa and Asia. The ‘new migrations’ from and through North Africa are described, along with known major migration routes and data on interceptions of illegal migrants by southern European countries. North African policy responses are also identified, noting especially the failure of all countries in the region to observe international human rights standards. Finally, I outline the ‘failed policy’ of the European Union, which simply continues the securitisation approach previously pursued by Spain and Italy, neglecting the fundamental realities of Africa as a new continent of emigration. Furthermore, European policy promotes the human rights abuses of North Africa with regard to illegal migrants and asylum-seekers, yet welcomes skilled (as opposed to semiskilled) African migrants to European territory. Europe thus guarantees the continuation of African underdevelopment -- seeking to avoid its negative symptom of mass emigration and asylum-seeking whilst benefiting from the migration to Europe of skilled African workers. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 311-324 Issue: 108 Volume: 33 Year: 2006 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240600843089 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240600843089 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:33:y:2006:i:108:p:311-324 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reginald Cline-Cole Author-X-Name-First: Reginald Author-X-Name-Last: Cline-Cole Author-Name: Phil O'keefe Author-X-Name-First: Phil Author-X-Name-Last: O'keefe Title: Mainstreaming the African environment in development? Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 377-389 Issue: 109 Volume: 33 Year: 2006 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240601000754 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240601000754 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:33:y:2006:i:109:p:377-389 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Uwafiokun Idemudia Author-X-Name-First: Uwafiokun Author-X-Name-Last: Idemudia Author-Name: Uwem E. Ite Author-X-Name-First: Uwem E. Author-X-Name-Last: Ite Title: Demystifying the Niger Delta conflict: Towards an integrated explanation Abstract: The conflict in the Niger Delta region in Nigeria has lasted for more than a decade, with little or no attempt at an analytical explanation. As a result, the situation has made effective conflict resolution difficult, and perpetuated the confusion of fiction over fact. This paper sets out to correct the shortcomings in existing literature by proffering an integrated explanation of various factors responsible for the conflict. The paper concludes that political and economic factors are the root causes of conflict in the Niger Delta, with environmental and social factors as the proximate and trigger causes, respectively. Given the nature of the relationship among the myriad factors responsible for the conflict, what is required is a comprehensive approach to conflict resolution that pursues development in the Niger Delta on the basis and principles of social, economic and environmental sustainability. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 391-406 Issue: 109 Volume: 33 Year: 2006 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240601000762 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240601000762 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:33:y:2006:i:109:p:391-406 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carl Death Author-X-Name-First: Carl Author-X-Name-Last: Death Title: Resisting (nuclear) power? Environmental regulation in South Africa Abstract: This article considers the resistance potential of Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) and their effects upon existing power relationships. It focuses upon the blocking of Eskom's proposed new test nuclear reactor by the environmental NGO Earthlife Africa, at Koeberg, South Africa, the site of Africa's only existing nuclear power plant. This was achieved through their engagement with, and contestation of, the South African EIA process. It occurred within a context of a globally uncertain future for the nuclear industry, and broader questions over the possible role of nuclear power in sustainable development. Whilst initially appearing as an example of environmental resistance against a big development project, by approaching the case through the lens of Michel Foucault's concept of governmentality the article suggests that Earthlife Africa's challenge reinforced existing power relationships and legitimised an essentially pro-development EIA process. This is particularly evident when considering the relationship between EIAs and established scientific authorities, and the problematic role of public participation. However, by regarding the EIA as an example of ‘bearing witness’ some sense of its resistance potential can be reclaimed. The article concludes by suggesting that a broader debate on nuclear power in South Africa is desirable, and that environmental NGOs should seriously consider the degree to which they accept and participate in the EIA process. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 407-424 Issue: 109 Volume: 33 Year: 2006 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240601000788 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240601000788 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:33:y:2006:i:109:p:407-424 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lindsay Whitfield Author-X-Name-First: Lindsay Author-X-Name-Last: Whitfield Title: The politics of urban water reform in Ghana1 Abstract: This article highlights the interaction between the domestic political system and the aid system in Ghana and the implications of this interaction for democratic governance. It is illustrated using the example of urban water reform as a case study of the policymaking process and captures the complexities of this interaction which the ‘choiceless democracy’ thesis fails to do. The term ‘aid system’ refers to all aid organisations and their regular operations within a specific country, where aid organisations include both official bilateral and multilateral agencies as well as international NGOs. The article examines the government’s plan for water privatisation and the public debate and opposition that it continues to generate. The politics of urban water reform is revealing about the politics of economic reform more generally. <fn id="FN0001"> This article is based on a chapter of the author's doctoral dissertation (Politics, 2005, University of Oxford). </fn> Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 425-448 Issue: 109 Volume: 33 Year: 2006 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240601000812 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240601000812 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:33:y:2006:i:109:p:425-448 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ian Convery Author-X-Name-First: Ian Author-X-Name-Last: Convery Title: Lifescapes & governance: The Régulo system in Central Mozambique Abstract: In many subsistence economies, local people rely on forest resources to provide varying levels of goods (Byron, 1997) and continued access to these resources allows basic needs to be fulfilled (Sen, 1981). The link between local communities and forest resources is emphasised by Howorth (1999:17), who argues that it is local people who create landscapes, they produce nature and it is the people/people relationship in a local place that is the critical variable. People and places are thus intimately interconnected. In Central Mozambique, régulos (chiefs) play a pivotal role in the relationship between people and place. The régulomediates the relationship between the material world and the spirit world, the present and the past, and works alongside the curandeiros (traditional healers) to provide healing and protection from witchcraft. Respect for the primacy of the régulo is based on people's belief in the ancestors, and in the legitimacy of the régulo as both’ intermediary between the community and ancestral spirits, and at the same time as judge’ (Serra, 2001:13). Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 449-466 Issue: 109 Volume: 33 Year: 2006 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240601000846 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240601000846 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:33:y:2006:i:109:p:449-466 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roland Marchal Author-X-Name-First: Roland Author-X-Name-Last: Marchal Title: Chad/Darfur: How two crises merge Abstract: Two recent events seem to indicate that, after three years of turbulence, the situation in this part of the continent would return to normal.1 The first event was on 3 May 2006 when Idriss Déby Itno was re-elected as president of Chad, with over 77 per cent of the votes. The second, two days later, was the signature of a peace agreement on Darfur in Abuja, the Nigerian capital. However, our analysis stresses that the crises in Chad and Darfur are closely related and that the situation will probably continue to deteriorate. It concludes that such deterioration will occur unless account is taken of the transnational aspects of these crises, which are also to be seen in the destabilisation of the Central African Republic. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 467-482 Issue: 109 Volume: 33 Year: 2006 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240601000879 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240601000879 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:33:y:2006:i:109:p:467-482 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Samantha Jones Author-X-Name-First: Samantha Author-X-Name-Last: Jones Title: A political ecology of wildlife conservation in Africa Abstract: This short review summarises research and key debates in the conservation and management of wildlife, biodiversity and valued environments in Africa. It is broadly grounded in a political ecology approach, and indicates the importance of considering ways in which power and meanings conferred on the landscape play out in the realm of conservation. The review highlights the paradigm shift that has occurred in thinking about African environments and shows how this has shaped approaches to conservation. It considers factors that influenced the origin of conservation initiatives in Africa, including the preservation of game for hunting and the establishment of national parks in the United States. The shift from an early fortress conservation model to later community conservation approaches is traced and a summary of the critique of community conservation with a analysis of the CAMPFIRE programme in Zimbabwe, is presented. More recently the conservation agenda seems to have turned towards transfrontier conservation. The conclusion cautions that despite the weight of critical analyses of community conservation, its abandonment would be somewhat premature and potentially detrimental to desirable conservation and development outcomes. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 483-495 Issue: 109 Volume: 33 Year: 2006 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240601000911 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240601000911 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:33:y:2006:i:109:p:483-495 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Harald Witt Author-X-Name-First: Harald Author-X-Name-Last: Witt Author-Name: Rajeev Patel Author-X-Name-First: Rajeev Author-X-Name-Last: Patel Author-Name: Matthew Schnurr Author-X-Name-First: Matthew Author-X-Name-Last: Schnurr Title: Can the Poor Help GM Crops? Technology, representation & cotton in the Makhathini flats, South Africa Abstract: The adoption of Genetically Modified (GM) cotton in South Africa's Makhathini Flats in 1998 was heralded as a case in which agricultural biotechnology could benefit smallholder farmers, and a model for the rest of the continent to follow. Using historical, political economic and ethnographic data, we find the initial enthusiasm around GM technology to be misguided. We argue that Makhathini's structured institutional framework privileges adopters of GM technologies through access to credit and markets. The adoption of GM cotton is symptomatic not of farmers’ endorsement of GM technology, but a sign of the profound lack of choice facing them in the region. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 497-513 Issue: 109 Volume: 33 Year: 2006 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240601000945 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240601000945 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:33:y:2006:i:109:p:497-513 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Edward Ramsamy Author-X-Name-First: Edward Author-X-Name-Last: Ramsamy Title: The world bank & urban programmes in Zimbabwe: A critical appraisal Abstract: The World Bank did not address urban issues for the first twenty-five years of its existence. However, a variety of political factors propelled the reluctant institution to address urban poverty in the early 1970s (Ayres, 1983; Ramsamy, 2006). The majority of the Bank's urban interventions during the 1970s concentrated on squatter upgrading and sites-and-services projects. While these programmes did have their problems, they represent the Bank's first attempt to address directly the needs of the urban poor, and offer them a framework to legitimise their rights to shelter and secure land tenure. By the mid-1980s, however, the Bank moved away from this approach and embraced a perspective that examined cities in their national macro-economic contexts. The Bank argued that the role of governments ought to be transformed from that of ‘providers’ of urban services, to that of ‘supporters’ or ‘enablers’ that serve as a liaison between the private sector and self-help groups (World Bank, 1991, 1993). Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 515-523 Issue: 109 Volume: 33 Year: 2006 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240601000994 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240601000994 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:33:y:2006:i:109:p:515-523 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Steve Kibble1 Author-X-Name-First: Steve Author-X-Name-Last: Kibble1 Title: Angola: Can the politics of disorder become the politics of democratisation & development? Abstract: Postwar Angola seems at first look to be in a triple transition from war to peace, devastation to reconstruction and from a state/elite patronage system to democratisation and transparency. In fact it is argued here that the ‘politics of disorder’ stemming from war suit the purposes of the Angolan elite whilst it simultaneously proclaims transition for outside cosmetic purposes. The Angolan elite comprising in David Sogge's words ‘a constellation of politician-rentiers, petroleum sector technocrats and military officials’-super-2 can run the state in their own interest, largely ignoring any demands from the citizenry given that the accumulation basis and the orientation of the elite is to the outside. Chinese loans, high oil prices, further oilfield expansion and the warm alliance with the USA ensure that Angolan civil society -- despite its efforts -- is unable to adequately counter the elite's ability to control events. Promised elections -- without a date having been announced -- are unlikely to change this structural framework. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 525-542 Issue: 109 Volume: 33 Year: 2006 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240601001026 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240601001026 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:33:y:2006:i:109:p:525-542 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John S. Saul Author-X-Name-First: John S. Author-X-Name-Last: Saul Title: Africa: The struggle, intellectual & political, continues… Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 561-576 Issue: 109 Volume: 33 Year: 2006 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240601001117 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240601001117 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:33:y:2006:i:109:p:561-576 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roy Love Author-X-Name-First: Roy Author-X-Name-Last: Love Title: Religion, Ideology & Conflict in Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 619-634 Issue: 110 Volume: 33 Year: 2006 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240601118986 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240601118986 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:33:y:2006:i:110:p:619-634 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maia Green Author-X-Name-First: Maia Author-X-Name-Last: Green Title: Confronting Categorical Assumptions About the Power of Religion in Africa Abstract: This article examines the place of religion in social science accounts of Africa, particularly as they relate to politics and culture. It explores the significance of representational continuities across the twentieth century and across disciplines which present African social life as religiously determined, and considers the political implications of African exceptionalism as a mode of analysis and policy rationale. Finally, the article considers some directions of institutional change in southern Tanzania and the consequences for understanding religion.<fn id="FN0001"> This paper is based on a workshop organised by <italic>ROAPE</italic> on religion and politics in Africa held at the University of Leeds in February 2006. Some of the arguments made in the paper concerning detotalisation and deconversion were developed through discussions at a workshop on history and anthropology held at the University of Manchester in November 2005. </fn> Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 635-650 Issue: 110 Volume: 33 Year: 2006 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240601119018 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240601119018 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:33:y:2006:i:110:p:635-650 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paul Richards Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Richards Title: An Accidental Sect: How War Made Belief in Sierra Leone Abstract: Idealists consider beliefs cause wars. Realists consider wars cause beliefs. The war in Sierra Leone offers some scope to test between these two views. The main rebel faction, the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) was, sociologically speaking, an accidental sect. It lost its original ideologues at an early stage, and absorbed others with a different orientation as a result of military misfortunes. Bombing reinforced the sectarian tendencies of an enclaved movement, and belief proliferated. This confounded military assessments that the movement could be rapidly brought to heel by a private military intervention sponsored by British and South African mineral interests. The movement became an uncontrollable juggernaut, driven by strange sacrificial notions directed against rural populations it had once set out to liberate. The war in Sierra Leone is consistent with the Durkheimian argument that performance forges collective representations. Dealing with armed insurgency in Africa requires appreciation of the artefactual and circumstantial character of social and religious beliefs. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 651-663 Issue: 110 Volume: 33 Year: 2006 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240601119042 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240601119042 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:33:y:2006:i:110:p:651-663 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ebenezer Obadare Author-X-Name-First: Ebenezer Author-X-Name-Last: Obadare Title: Pentecostal Presidency? The Lagos-Ibadan ‘Theocratic Class’ & the Muslim ‘Other’ Abstract: This paper analyses the politics of regime legitimacy through the instrumentality of religious discourse purveyed through a putative Christian ‘theocratic class’ surrounding the Obasanjo presidency in Nigeria. Though the emphasis is on Western Nigerian Christian discourse because of its undeniable influence in the polity since 1999, it incorporates Muslim and northern Nigerian religious discourse in so far as it is seen as constituting the significant discursive ‘Other’ with which the predominantly Christian geopolitical south has historically been in contention. The paper contends that the ‘Pentecostalisation’ of governance has raised the stakes as far as the struggle to define the Nigerian public sphere is concerned, further politicising religion, even as lip service continues to be paid to the secularity of the Nigerian state. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 665-678 Issue: 110 Volume: 33 Year: 2006 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240601119083 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240601119083 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:33:y:2006:i:110:p:665-678 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Päivi Hasu Author-X-Name-First: Päivi Author-X-Name-Last: Hasu Title: World Bank & Heavenly Bank in Poverty & Prosperity: The Case of Tanzanian Faith Gospel1 Abstract: This article discusses the articulation of religious rhetoric with neoliberal principles of the market economy in Tanzania, looking specifically at Pentecostal-charismatic Christianity. Religion is interpreted here as a reflection of and model for a lived reality. On the one hand, a lived reality generates and shapes religious beliefs and ideas. On the other, religious beliefs and ideas inform the ways that economic circumstances are perceived, interpreted and acted upon in specific social and historical contexts. This is a discussion of charismatic Christian perceptions and of the perceived spiritual and economic changes in Tanzania ahead of the general election of 2005. These Biblical allegories, as well as the gospel of prosperity, are brought together through an account of the activities of one particular charismatic ministry. The rhetoric and logic of prosperity through giving are discussed within the anthropological notion of gift exchange as well as with some born-again understandings of the significance of offerings to God as a means to prosperity and accumulation.<fn id="FN0001"> This paper draws upon research that was conducted in Tanzania in 2003 and 2004 and funded by the Nordic Africa Institute. An earlier version was presented in a panel organized by Paul Gifford at the AEGIS conference in London 2005. </fn> Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 679-692 Issue: 110 Volume: 33 Year: 2006 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240601119257 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240601119257 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:33:y:2006:i:110:p:679-692 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mohammed Zahid Author-X-Name-First: Mohammed Author-X-Name-Last: Zahid Author-Name: Michael Medley Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Medley Title: Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt & Sudan Abstract: This article compares the evidence from two related movements: the contemporary Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt, and the cluster of organisations that have been closely associated with Hasan al-Turabi in Sudan, in order to query the extent to which Islamism is compatible with liberal democratic politics. The answers suggested are, in the Egyptian case, hopeful, but for Sudan decidedly pessimistic. However, there are complexities within both stories. The comparison indicates ways in which the outcomes are related to the framing circumstances, but also points out the limitations of the information currently available in the academic literature. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 693-708 Issue: 110 Volume: 33 Year: 2006 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240601119273 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240601119273 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:33:y:2006:i:110:p:693-708 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sara Pantuliano Author-X-Name-First: Sara Author-X-Name-Last: Pantuliano Title: Comprehensive Peace? An Analysis of the Evolving Tension in Eastern Sudan Abstract: Eastern Sudan is the site of a little known armed struggle by popular forces against the government in Khartoum, which in turn has been engaged in counter-insurgency and repression there. A complex set of interrelated factors is driving the war: historical grievances, feelings of exclusion and marginalisation, demands for fair sharing of power between different groups, inequitable distribution of economic resources and benefits, underdevelopment, the absence of a genuine democratic process and other governance issues. The article documents the particular patterns of marginalisation and underdevelopment among the predominant population of the Beja people, whose livelihoods are mainly based on pastoralism. It also shows the patterns of political alienation and the emergence of the Beja Congress as a movement that has given voice to those grievances. Excluded from normal political expression or dialogue with the government and then from the political dispensations that the South gained from its peace agreement with the North, the Congress has made common cause with the Rashaida Free Lions, formed among a smaller group of pastoralists of Bedouin origin and other small groups to form the Eastern Front. Operating from logistical bases on the Eritrean border, the Front has made armed incursions into Eastern Sudan and controls some territory. Pressures from inside and outside Sudan have finally led to both sides agreeing to talks, which have finally started in August 2006 under Eritrean mediation. The prospects of these talks leading to a sustainable agreement are explored.<fn id="FN0001"> This article is an extract from a much longer study entitled ‘Comprehensive Peace? Causes and Consequences of Underdevelopment and Instability in Eastern Sudan’, Nairobi: NGO Paper. The article was first presented at the 7th International Sudan Studies Conference ‘Fifty Years After Independence: Sudan's Quest for Peace, Stability and Identity’, 6-8 April 2006, University of Bergen, Norway. </fn> Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 709-720 Issue: 110 Volume: 33 Year: 2006 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240601119281 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240601119281 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:33:y:2006:i:110:p:709-720 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Caroline Ifeka Author-X-Name-First: Caroline Author-X-Name-Last: Ifeka Title: Youth Cultures & the Fetishization of Violence in Nigeria Abstract: In this paper I develop a conceptual framework for analysing youth cultures of resistance and violence in the context of customary and world religions in which old and new gods are important sources of ideological resistance. Condensing around points of intersection between capital and non-capitalist kin-based economies, I argue that militant youth cultures develop through a ‘double’ articulation between ‘parent’ cultures largely producing use values, and capitalist cultures pervaded by world religions (Christianity, Islam). The former construe social relations between groups struggling to establish rights over strategic natural resources (land, oil, water) in terms of spirit beings and their protective powers against attack; the latter preside today over production for sale and profit according to impersonal market forces that dissolve the social into relationships between ‘things’, the products of labour exchanged in the market place. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 721-736 Issue: 110 Volume: 33 Year: 2006 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240601119299 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240601119299 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:33:y:2006:i:110:p:721-736 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Branwen Gruffydd Jones Author-X-Name-First: Branwen Gruffydd Author-X-Name-Last: Jones Author-Name: Janet Bujra Author-X-Name-First: Janet Author-X-Name-Last: Bujra Author-Name: Roy Love Author-X-Name-First: Roy Author-X-Name-Last: Love Title: Another World is Possible Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 5-10 Issue: 111 Volume: 34 Year: 2007 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240701340167 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240701340167 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:34:y:2007:i:111:p:5-10 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: William Brown Author-X-Name-First: William Author-X-Name-Last: Brown Title: Debating the Year of Africa Abstract: Rarely can there have been so much media attention on Africa as there was in the twelve months leading up to the G8 summit in July 2005. The crescendo of media coverage which greeted the Commission for Africa's report and the following Live8, Make Poverty History and G8 gatherings came after a year which had seen the launch and subsequent deliberations of the Commission for Africa, Blair's and Brown's various high profile initiatives on aid and debt, the WTO's stalled ‘development round’ and NGO's ongoing campaigns around all of these. This focus on Africa, led by the UK which held EU and G8 presidencies in 2005, was reflected in a renewed academic focus on Africa and a restating, and some revitalisation, of debates about Africa's politics and development. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 11-27 Issue: 111 Volume: 34 Year: 2007 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240701340209 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240701340209 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:34:y:2007:i:111:p:11-27 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Patrick Bond Author-X-Name-First: Patrick Author-X-Name-Last: Bond Title: Primitive Accumulation, Enclavity, Rural Marginalisation & Articulation Abstract: In March 2006, the University of KwaZulu-Natal's Centre for Civil Society in Durban aimed to reinvigorate a tradition of political economy by considering the legacies of Guy Mhone and José Negrão (who died in 2005) along with two others whose work was based on accounts of ‘primitive accumulation’: Rosa Luxemburg and South African sociologist Harold Wolpe (who died in 1996). The analytical traditions are diverse but complementary. Together they capture many of the ways that primitive accumulation continues to structure and reproduce systems of inequality. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 29-37 Issue: 111 Volume: 34 Year: 2007 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240701340233 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240701340233 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:34:y:2007:i:111:p:29-37 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Salim Vally Author-X-Name-First: Salim Author-X-Name-Last: Vally Title: From People's Education to Neo-Liberalism in South Africa Abstract: In his address at the 10th Anniversary celebration of the Foundation for Human Rights in Pretoria, 29 November 2006 Neville Alexander posed the following question: <disp-quote specific-use="block"> Why is it that in spite of a constitution that was arrived at in a 20th century model of democratic bargaining and consensus building and in which are enshrined some of the noblest sentiments and insights concerning human rights, we are living in a situation where very few of those rights appear to be realised, or even realisable, in practice? </disp-quote> This paper attempts to answer this question through an analysis of the struggle to attain education rights in South Africa. This exercise it is hoped, will also allow us to further unravel the class nature of the South African state, the political economy of the transition (for extensive and excellent analysis of the latter see Marais, 1998; Bond, 2000 and Alexander, 2002) and the importance of the oppositional role of the new and independent social movements. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 39-56 Issue: 111 Volume: 34 Year: 2007 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240701340258 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240701340258 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:34:y:2007:i:111:p:39-56 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Prishani Naidoo Author-X-Name-First: Prishani Author-X-Name-Last: Naidoo Title: Struggles Around the Commodification of Daily Life in South Africa Abstract: Post-apartheid South Africa has seen the emergence of new social and community movements making demands on the African National Congress government to deliver on its promise of ‘a better life for all’. In these struggles, the identity of ‘the poor’ has been increasingly mobilised, both by movements reminding the state of its obligations to its people, and in official policy discourse seeking to introduce neoliberal macro-economic changes. This paper explores how the category of ‘the poor’ is mobilised in struggles for basic services in urban areas in South Africa, and in state policy that seeks to draw poor people into agreements to pay for services. In doing this, it explores the possibilities inherent in capitalist society for change and the building of relations that challenge or subvert the dominant logic of commodification and, in turn, of capital. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 57-66 Issue: 111 Volume: 34 Year: 2007 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240701340340 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240701340340 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:34:y:2007:i:111:p:57-66 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roger Southall Author-X-Name-First: Roger Author-X-Name-Last: Southall Title: Ten Propositions about Black Economic Empowerment in South Africa Abstract: Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) has become one of the most high profile strategies of African National Congress (ANC) government. Yet BEE has also become highly controversial, critics arguing variously that it serves as a block to foreign investment, encourages a re-racialisation of the political economy, and promotes the growth of a small but remarkably wealthy politicallyconnected ‘empowerment’ elite. There is considerable substance to such analyses. However, they miss the point that BEE policies constitute a logical unfolding of strategy which is dictated by the ANC's own history, the nature of the democratic settlement of 1994 and the structure of the white-dominated economy. This paper seeks to unravel that logic through the pursuit of ten propositions. An overall conclusion is that while there is a strong case for arguing that BEE (or some similar programme to correct racial imbalances) is a political necessity, the ANC needs to do more to combine its empowerment strategies with delivery of ‘a better life for all’. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 67-84 Issue: 111 Volume: 34 Year: 2007 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240701340365 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240701340365 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:34:y:2007:i:111:p:67-84 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gillian Hart Author-X-Name-First: Gillian Author-X-Name-Last: Hart Title: Changing Concepts of Articulation: Political Stakes in South Africa Today Abstract: Intense struggles are currently underway within and between the African National Congress and its Alliance partners. In an effort to make sense of these struggles, this essay revisits earlier South African debates over race, class, and the national democratic revolution. Its focus is on multiple and changing concepts of articulation and their political stakes. The first part of the essay traces important shifts in the concept in Harold Wolpe's work, relating these shifts to struggles and conditions at the time, as well as to conceptual developments by Stuart Hall in a broader debate with Laclau's work on populism, and with Laclau and Mouffe who take the concept in a problematic post-marxist direction. I then put a specifically Gramscian concept of articulation to work to explore how the ruling bloc in the ANC has articulated shared meanings and memories of struggles for national liberation to its hegemonic project -- and how a popular sense of betrayal is playing into support for Jacob Zuma. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 85-101 Issue: 111 Volume: 34 Year: 2007 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240701340415 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240701340415 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:34:y:2007:i:111:p:85-101 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sam Moyo Author-X-Name-First: Sam Author-X-Name-Last: Moyo Author-Name: Paris Yeros Author-X-Name-First: Paris Author-X-Name-Last: Yeros Title: The Radicalised State: Zimbabwe's Interrupted Revolution Abstract: This article conceptualises the revolutionary situation that gripped Zimbabwe from the late 1990s. That was the moment in which the two political questions that historically have galvanized peripheral capitalism -- the agrarian and the national -- were returned to the forefront of political life. We argue that the revolutionary situation resulted neither in a revolution, nor in mediocre reformism, nor in restoration. It resulted in an interrupted revolution, marked by a radical agrarian reform and a radicalised state -- the first on the continent since the end of the Cold War. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 103-121 Issue: 111 Volume: 34 Year: 2007 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240701340431 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240701340431 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:34:y:2007:i:111:p:103-121 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David P. Thomas Author-X-Name-First: David P. Author-X-Name-Last: Thomas Title: The South African Communist Party (SACP) in the Post--apartheid Period Abstract: This article examines the SACP and its role in contesting the hegemonic project of neoliberalism in the post-apartheid period (1994-2004). I discuss the Party's written attacks on neoliberalism, support for the Congress of South African Trade Union's (Cosatu's) campaigns against privatisation, the formation of the Young Communist League (YCL), and the current campaigns surrounding cooperatives and financial sector reform. As the SACP is embedded within the ruling African National Congress (ANC), the Party's attempts to critique and fight neoliberalism have remained rhetorical and ineffective. Rather than directly confronting the neoliberal policies of the ANC, the SACP has instead cooperated with the ANC, hoping to pull it more to the ‘left’. The SACP's dedication to influencing the ANC has come at the expense of building a mass base of support that opposes neoliberalism. This approach has ultimately resulted in an accommodation to neoliberalism, and exposes many difficult contradictions for the SACP. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 123-138 Issue: 111 Volume: 34 Year: 2007 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240701340456 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240701340456 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:34:y:2007:i:111:p:123-138 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paul Goodison Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Goodison Title: The Future of Africa's Trade with Europe: ‘New’ EU Trade Policy Abstract: Trade with Europe is currently more important for the African continent, and nearly every single country in it, than any other international economic links. Africa's future trade relationship with the European Union (EU) is now being decided in negotiations which are provoking intense debate, and to understand what is at issue it is necessary to locate these negotiations in the context of the EU's wider trade policy. This policy was recently reiterated in a more coherent and focused form in the European Commission's (EC’s) October 2006 proposal for a new trade strategy. This paper seeks to review the main elements of this ‘new’ strategy before looking at how it impacts on the EU's approach to the negotiations for ‘Economic Partnership Agreements’ (EPAs) with four groupings of African countries.1 It closes by reviewing what this will probably mean for the Africa-EU trade relationship in the future in the context of the major trends in the current processes of negotiations. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 139-151 Issue: 111 Volume: 34 Year: 2007 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240701340480 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240701340480 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:34:y:2007:i:111:p:139-151 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Graham Harrison Author-X-Name-First: Graham Author-X-Name-Last: Harrison Author-Name: Colin Stoneman Author-X-Name-First: Colin Author-X-Name-Last: Stoneman Title: Trading Africa's Future Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 221-225 Issue: 112 Volume: 34 Year: 2007 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240701449612 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240701449612 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:34:y:2007:i:112:p:221-225 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Colin Stoneman Author-X-Name-First: Colin Author-X-Name-Last: Stoneman Author-Name: Carol Thompson Author-X-Name-First: Carol Author-X-Name-Last: Thompson Title: Trading Partners or Trading Deals? The EU & US in Southern Africa Abstract: Both the European Union (EU) and the US are currently pursuing trade agreements with weak economies, quite separate from the negotiations in the context of the World Trade Organisation (WTO). Often the motives for seeking trade agreements with a particular region reflect as much the competition between the two power blocs for market access as a desire for any new relations with the trading partners. The approaches or tactics of the EU and the US differ, but their goals seem to be similar: maximising trade dominance. This paper compares the EU's negotiations for ‘economic partnership agreements’ (EPAs) with southern Africa with US negotiations for a free trade agreement with the Southern African Customs Union (SACU).1 Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 227-245 Issue: 112 Volume: 34 Year: 2007 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240701449620 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240701449620 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:34:y:2007:i:112:p:227-245 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paul Goodison Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Goodison Title: EU Trade Policy & the Future of Africa's Trade Relationship with the EU Abstract: Despite the announcement of a ‘new trade strategy’, EU agricultural trade policy has exhibited considerable consistency over several decades, always conditional on the CAP regime and the course of its reform. A 25-year, heavily subsidised transition, will shortly see European farmers (thanks to income support of up to 50% of their total income), able to enter the world market without export subsidies. Meanwhile the EC expects ‘partner’ countries in Africa (and the Caribbean and the Pacific) with still underdeveloped infrastructures, and provided with relatively trivial subsidies, to complete a similar process in a decade or so. The economic partnership agreement (EPA) negotiations are based on a shift from the Lomé Convention's non-reciprocity commitment to a basic regime of free trade between the EU and EPA regions, involving liberalisation of trade in goods, trade-related areas and services. Whereas Europe has already effectively integrated, few African regions have yet got very far in regional integration, but the EC is forcing the pace in negotiations so that there is a risk that integration will be with the EU rather than within a country's own region, and on the EU's terms. A ‘development dimension’ adds an element of window-dressing (or sugaring of the pill). This article considers the development programmes that the EU is promising in order to address infrastructural constraints in the partner countries, and the costs of adjustment to free trade, in particular the loss of state revenues generated from tariffs. The article concludes with an attempt to foresee the likely outcomes and implications of the negotiations, including the undermining of government revenues and the consequent increase in reliance on the private sector for many services, accelerated deindustrialisation, and the inhibiting of first-stage processing of agricultural commodities, the undermining of regional integration, the economic ‘recolonisation’ of Africa and the harming of efforts to promote national exploitation of economic resources. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 247-266 Issue: 112 Volume: 34 Year: 2007 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240701449646 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240701449646 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:34:y:2007:i:112:p:247-266 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael Barratt Brown Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Barratt Brown Title: ‘Fair Trade’ with Africa Abstract: The origin of Africa's current failure to benefit from the expansion of world trade lies in the colonial division of labour, the consequences of which persist in economic structures far more than in other continents. The consequent economic distortions emphasising export of primary products have been preserved by external forces and are now being reinforced by free markets. The ‘fair trade’ concept seeks to ensure a measure of surplus for some producers that the market -- dominated by middle-men and oligopsonistic Western corporations -- denies them. A leading force in the movement, TWIN, originated in London in the 1980s, and the movement now has worldwide trade approaching £1 billion, mainly in coffee, cocoa and tea, but also in rice and cotton. African countries have been prime beneficiaries. Although growth of ‘fair trade’ is extremely high, it is unlikely ever to displace ‘free trade’ in importance, but it may nevertheless promote a way out of poverty (including dependence on the commodities in question) for many people otherwise trapped in the hangover of colonial power. This may be through gaining increasing control over the commodity chains of which at present they are only the first, fragmented element. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 267-277 Issue: 112 Volume: 34 Year: 2007 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240701449653 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240701449653 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:34:y:2007:i:112:p:267-277 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paul Goodison Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Goodison Title: What is the Future for EU-Africa Agricultural Trade After CAP Reform? Abstract: The EU's common agricultural policy seriously distorted not only EU commodity markets but also many world markets, through the subsidised export of large volumes of commodities -- produced at double (or even treble) -- the economic cost. This is not contested. Amongst those affected wereAfrican farmers who suffered from the depression of world market prices for commodities that they could produce cheaply, such as maize, sugar and beef. With CAP reform, which should soon see all EU-produced commodities trading on the world market without the need for export subsidies, Europe argues that it is now no longer distorting world markets, and so no longer harming African producers. This paper demonstrates how untrue this is. On the one hand, because Europe continues to produce the commodities in question at the same or higher volume (thanks to income support for farmers), the impact on the world market is unchanged. On the other hand, concessions to ACP countries designed to help them under the old regime (such as the ‘protocols’ which enabled them to earn the inflated European prices for quotas of beef and sugar) are disappearing, and preferences over third countries are eroding as tariffs fall. Other elements of policy related to CAP reform, such as the increasingly strict EU food safety standards, and the raised competitiveness of EU processed foods as the price of European inputs falls (a disguised subsidy), are discussed. The paper concludes with some concrete examples of the impact of this on the South African confectionery industry. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 279-295 Issue: 112 Volume: 34 Year: 2007 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240701449679 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240701449679 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:34:y:2007:i:112:p:279-295 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jan Orbie Author-X-Name-First: Jan Author-X-Name-Last: Orbie Title: The European Union & the Commodity Debate: From Trade to Aid Abstract: This article departs from the renewed interest in commodity market regulation and assesses the position of the European Union (EU) on supply-management in tropical commodities. After sketching the resurgence of the commodity debate on the international trade front, the second section recapitulates the thesis that Europe's trade relations shifted from innovative and interventionist arrangements in the 1970s, to a neo-liberal outlook by the end of the 1990s. Based on this historical account, we examine whether the EU's role has changed during the commodity debate since 2003-2004. The analysis makes clear that, although EU policy-makers and institutions have addressed the issue, supply-management schemes are not considered. Without challenging the mainstream approach to commodity trade, Europe's initiatives with regard to 1) export stabilisation, 2) commodity protocols and 3) market access rather show an evolution ‘from trade to aid’. The article concludes with a number of explanations for this recent shift. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 297-311 Issue: 112 Volume: 34 Year: 2007 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240701449695 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240701449695 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:34:y:2007:i:112:p:297-311 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anthony Vinci Author-X-Name-First: Anthony Author-X-Name-Last: Vinci Title: ‘Like Worms in the Entrails of a Natural Man’: A Conceptual Analysis of Warlords Abstract: Warlords are increasingly significant actors in domestic and international politics. Yet, our understanding of them is often one-sided -- based on either the ‘greed’ or ‘grievance’ approach. This paper seeks to mend this deficiency through a detailed and holistic conceptual analysis of warlords, which integrates political, economic, military, and social aspects of warlord organisations. It begins with an overview of past efforts to define and analyse warlords and then explores the features of warlord organisation. Borrowing from theoretical accounts of states by authors such as Weber and Schmitt, the paper examines the relationship between the warlord and his fighters, the warlord organisation as a political community, the nature of warlord governance and command, as well as motivational and logistical factors in perpetuating the warlord organisation. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 313-331 Issue: 112 Volume: 34 Year: 2007 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240701449711 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240701449711 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:34:y:2007:i:112:p:313-331 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Patricia Daley Author-X-Name-First: Patricia Author-X-Name-Last: Daley Title: The Burundi Peace Negotiations: An African Experience of Peace--making Abstract: Contemporary peace negotiations in Africa reflect perceived changes in the nature of warfare in the post-Cold War, neo-liberal era. ‘New wars’ are characterised as predominantly civil warfare that is non-ideological, fuelled by identity-politics and driven by greed or grievance. Neo-liberal approaches to conflict resolution involve a multiplicity of state and non-state actors, both protagonists and mediators, and promote universally-applicable solutions, such as power-sharing and the extension of market-based economic systems. These have had limited success in Africa because they have been unable to transform the social system within which violence and inequalities are embedded. Through an examination of the Burundi peace process, particularly, the Arusha peace negotiations -- their origins, actors, debates, agreements and recommendations -- this article highlights the discursive practices of neo-liberal peace-making and exposes its inherent limitations in creating any meaningful transformation of the political space. It is argued here that peace negotiations can be perceived as political struggles, beyond that envisaged between the belligerents, due to the prevalence of a multitude of supporting actors seeking to promote vested interests. Consequently, the resulting peace agreement is not necessarily consensual or reflective of a compromise for the sake of peace; it marks, essentially, a temporary stalemate in the power play between international, regional and local actors and their competing visions of peace. This explains why the ‘liberal’ peace that is attained through these manoeuvrings is one that appears to uphold the sovereignty of the state, but is not transformative with regards to the security of the people. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 333-352 Issue: 112 Volume: 34 Year: 2007 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240701449729 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240701449729 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:34:y:2007:i:112:p:333-352 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rebecca Davies Author-X-Name-First: Rebecca Author-X-Name-Last: Davies Title: Rebuilding the Future or Revisiting the Past? Post-apartheid Afrikaner Politics Abstract: Orthodox analyses have presented a bleak future for the Afrikaner community in contemporary South Africa, subjugated under the stewardship of a state entirely dominated by an African National Congress (ANC) government that is broadly aligned against Afrikaner interests. This paper seeks to clarify the changes and tensions apparent within a very heterodox Afrikaner community, as well as the mutually empowering linkages between the globalised political economy and various domestic social forces, by presenting a political economy of post-apartheid Afrikaner identifications and diversity. What this focus does is to emphasise the global political economy and closely associated ideology of globalisation as a major catalyst for change in these identifications. It will highlight how Afrikaner identity politics are situated within broader hegemony-seeking processes, both globally and within South Africa. And it will demonstrate that contemporary struggles around Afrikaner identifications are responses to a global neo-liberal hegemonic project that also determines, in large measure, the political and economic agenda pursued by the ANC-led government in South Africa. This paper forms part of a larger project to provide a richer, more critical framework of analysis for understanding identity politics under conditions of increasing globalisation. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 353-370 Issue: 112 Volume: 34 Year: 2007 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240701449737 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240701449737 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:34:y:2007:i:112:p:353-370 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alfred B. Zack-Williams Author-X-Name-First: Alfred B. Author-X-Name-Last: Zack-Williams Author-Name: Giles Mohan Author-X-Name-First: Giles Author-X-Name-Last: Mohan Title: Imperial, Neo-Liberal Africa? Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 417-422 Issue: 113 Volume: 34 Year: 2007 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240701672478 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240701672478 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:34:y:2007:i:113:p:417-422 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Séverine Autesserre Author-X-Name-First: Séverine Author-X-Name-Last: Autesserre Title: D. R. Congo: Explaining Peace Building Failures, 2003-2006 Abstract: As a corrective to the emphasis on national and international reconciliation during peace building processes, I develop here a conceptual analysis of the dynamics of violence during the transition from war to peace and democracy in the Democratic Republic of Congo between 2003 and 2006. I locate the sources, at the local, national, and regional levels, of continued local violence during this transition. Through an analysis of the situation in the provinces of North Kivu and North Katanga, I illustrate how local dynamics interacted with the national and regional dimensions of the conflict. I demonstrate that, after a national and regional settlement was reached, some local conflicts over land and political power increasingly became self-sustaining, autonomous, and disconnected from the national and regional tracks. Thus, peace building action was required not only at the national and regional levels but also locally. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 423-441 Issue: 113 Volume: 34 Year: 2007 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240701672510 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240701672510 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:34:y:2007:i:113:p:423-441 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anne Mayher Author-X-Name-First: Anne Author-X-Name-Last: Mayher Author-Name: David A. Mcdonald Author-X-Name-First: David A. Author-X-Name-Last: Mcdonald Title: The Print Media in South Africa: Paving the Way for ‘Privatisation’ Abstract: Since the end of apartheid, national and local governments in South Africa have been involved in the commercialisation and marketisation of a wide range of public services. This article examines the responses of the mainstream media to these neo-liberal initiatives, looking specifically at English-language newspapers and their coverage of water, electricity and waste management services. We explore the extent to which the print media can be deemed to be in favour of privatisation as well as the more subtle, discursive ways in which it covers these issues. We argue that these corporate media outlets in South Africa generate and perpetuate a neo-liberal discourse on privatisation, but that this dialogue is neither omnipotent nor monolithic. Nevertheless, it is exactly this façade of objectivity which gives neo-liberalism its hegemony. By appearing to give equal space to different points of view there is a perception of balance in the press that obscures the more subtle, opinionmaking discourses that generate neo-liberal biases. We conclude with a brief discussion of what might be done to counter this neo-liberal authority. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 443-460 Issue: 113 Volume: 34 Year: 2007 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240701672544 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240701672544 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:34:y:2007:i:113:p:443-460 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stig Jarle Hansen Author-X-Name-First: Stig Jarle Author-X-Name-Last: Hansen Author-Name: Mark Bradbury Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Bradbury Title: Somaliland: A New Democracy in the Horn of Africa? Abstract: With a constitutionally-based and popularly elected government, the Republic of Somaliland, which broke away from Somalia in 1991, has a democratic system matched by few other countries in Africa and the Middle East. However, Somaliland's independence has not been recognised internationally. Moreover developments in neighbouring countries suggest that people in Somaliland will face serious challenges in entrenching a democratic political system. This article takes as its point of departure Georg Sorensen's (1998:3) definition of democracy. His definition is employed, together with the history of elections in the region, to explore the challenges people in Somaliland face in establishing a democratic political system, in this sense the article aims to explore the challenges of the future, rather than analyse the processes of the past. These include, among others, the shift from a clan-based form of political representation and competition to one based on political partiesas forums for political representation and competition, the urban-based nature of political discourse in a still predominantly rural society, and the absence of a strong independent media. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 461-476 Issue: 113 Volume: 34 Year: 2007 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240701672585 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240701672585 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:34:y:2007:i:113:p:461-476 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nikola Kojucharov Author-X-Name-First: Nikola Author-X-Name-Last: Kojucharov Title: Poverty, Petroleum & Policy Intervention: Lessons from the Chad-Cameroon Pipeline Abstract: The ‘resource curse’ -- the tendency of resource wealth to impair natural resource exporting countries on various economic and political dimensions -- has shown some of its strongest manifestations in Africa's petro-states. For this reason, the World Bank's recent attempt to engineer an accountable and transparent oil economy in one of Africa's poorest and most corrupt countries -- Chad -- deserves close scrutiny and critical analysis. Although the World Bank has conducted the Chad-Cameroon Pipeline Project with the belief that the ‘resource curse’ can be mitigated through sound economic and fiscal policies, the results thus far suggest that Chad is doomed to repeat an all too familiar fate of economic turmoil and political strife. This article draws on the disappointing realities since Chad's first oil exports, and examines three major factors underlying Chad's unsuccessful conversion of oil revenues into poverty reduction: institutional capacity constraints, socio-political incompatibilities, and subversive interactions with external lenders. Although the majority of critics attribute the project's failures to the World Bank's policy choices and management, this analysis suggests that the project has been hindered more by the external nature of the World Bank's policy intervention than by any particular design flaws. Given the shortcomings of the Bank's intervention, this article considers plausible revisions to the project, and draws policy implications for future development endeavours of this nature. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 477-496 Issue: 113 Volume: 34 Year: 2007 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240701672619 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240701672619 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:34:y:2007:i:113:p:477-496 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ray Bush Author-X-Name-First: Ray Author-X-Name-Last: Bush Title: Class, Resistance & Social Transformation Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 613-618 Issue: 114 Volume: 34 Year: 2007 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240701819475 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240701819475 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:34:y:2007:i:114:p:613-618 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Blair Rutherford Author-X-Name-First: Blair Author-X-Name-Last: Rutherford Author-Name: Lincoln Addison Author-X-Name-First: Lincoln Author-X-Name-Last: Addison Title: Zimbabwean Farm Workers in Northern South Africa Abstract: This article analyses the precarious livelihoods of Zimbabweans working on commercial farms in northern South Africa. Based on research carried out in 2004 and 2005, we examine how these Zimbabweans seek pathways of survival and, for a few, potential accumulation across space, sectors, and international boundaries. The article analyses how these Zimbabwean farm workers are situated in an ambivalent legal terrain, the neo-liberal restructuring of agriculture and the articulation of paternalistic rule into a far more authoritarian logic of rule on the farms, all of which have made the border-zone a 'state of exception' for them which conditions their livelihoods. The article highlights that although these processes intensify labour exploitation, they also recalibrate the survival strategies of Zimbabweans and generate varied forms of resistance. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 619-635 Issue: 114 Volume: 34 Year: 2007 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240701819491 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240701819491 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:34:y:2007:i:114:p:619-635 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael Watts Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Watts Title: Petro-Insurgency or Criminal Syndicate? Conflict & Violence in the Niger Delta Abstract: <bold>The volatility of world oil markets, and the grumbling of American consumers over rising gas and heating oil prices over the last year, has highlighted a number of key trends in world oil markets: the rapidly growing demand for oil by China and India, the questionable status of some of the mega-oilfields in the Gulf, the aggressive nationalism of Hugo Chavez in Venezuela and President Ahmadinejad in Iran, and not least the spill-over effects of the Iraqi insurgency across the Gulf. But there has been another presence contributing to this volatility, namely the deepening conflicts across, indeed the increasing ungovernability of the oil fields of the Niger Delta in Nigeria. A spectacular escalation in violent attacks on oil installations and abduction of oil workers beginning in December 2005 and January-February 2006 by a shadowy and largely unknown militant group MEND (the Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta), have thrown into dramatic relief the enormous fragility of the Nigeria's oil economy. Among MEND's demands were the release of two key Ijaw leaders but as their operations became more brazen and daring so did their political demands. MEND claimed a goal of cutting Nigerian output by 30 per cent. Within the first three months of 2006, $1 billion in oil revenues had been lost and over 29 Nigerian military had been killed in the uprising. By early July 2007, 700,000 barrels per day were shut (deferred) by growing political instability and insurgent attacks. The situation across the oilfields is now as fraught as at any time since the onset of civil war in 1967. How did this instability and political order arise and does it reflect, as some have suggested, an oil insurgency draped in the garb of organised crime?</bold> Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 637-660 Issue: 114 Volume: 34 Year: 2007 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240701819517 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240701819517 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:34:y:2007:i:114:p:637-660 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bill Freund Author-X-Name-First: Bill Author-X-Name-Last: Freund Title: South Africa: The End of Apartheid & the Emergence of the 'BEE Elite' Abstract: Recent South African policy making at the highest level has used the language of the developmental state. It has been used as a means of understanding and defining the purpose of ANC government. This article interrogates that concept, especially using the formation of an elite transcending the publicprivate sector divide and considering the concept of an 'embedded elite'. In this light, the evolution of Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) policies are drawn out and specific comparisons made between South Africa and Malaysia. While creating an elite may involve enriching a small number of black ANC supporters, it is probably a necessity given the propensities of what remains of the established 'embedded elites' of the past. It is questionable however, whether this new elite has the sense of direction in pursuit of an industrialising economic model or a broad social model to carry through envisioned changes. Nor are its instincts necessarily democratic. While under the direction of the ANC the South African social structure is shifting in important ways and different sectors of the black population clearly benefit, the majority are not actively involved in a process of transformation that would offer the possibility of radical improvements. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 661-678 Issue: 114 Volume: 34 Year: 2007 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240701819533 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240701819533 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:34:y:2007:i:114:p:661-678 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pat Caplan Author-X-Name-First: Pat Author-X-Name-Last: Caplan Title: Between Socialism & Neo-Liberalism: Mafia Island, Tanzania, 1965-2004 Abstract: This article considers local perceptions of changes which have taken place on Mafia Island, Coast Region, Tanzania over a period of 40 years during which the state has moved from a policy of socialism to one of neo-liberalism. It begins by examining the apparent paradox that, while Tanzania has won plaudits from multilateral agencies for its economic policies, many ordinary people on Mafia consider that their well-being has actually worsened. The paper examines people's perceptions of equality, inequality and poverty, with particular emphasis on the comparisons made between previous eras and the present, and between themselves and various others, as well as their views of their entitlements both as citizens and human beings. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 679-694 Issue: 114 Volume: 34 Year: 2007 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240701819541 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240701819541 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:34:y:2007:i:114:p:679-694 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Morten Nielsen Author-X-Name-First: Morten Author-X-Name-Last: Nielsen Title: Filling in the Blanks: The Potency of Fragmented Imageries of the State Abstract: <bold>Recent neo-patrimonial approaches to the state see the sub-Saharan state as a façade that serves -- with different degrees of effectiveness -- to disguise the play of clientalistic relations and the interests of kin and kith. Drawing on an analysis of how ideas are reproduced in peri-urban areas of Maputo, Mozambique, this article argues that no pre-given causality exists between encounters with a dysfunctional state apparatus and subjectively held understandings of ordinary people. We cannot a priori determine that incoherent and partial state practices necessarily lead individuals to perceive the state as devoid of legitimate moral value. On the contrary, locally situated individuals use ideas associated with the state to define entitlements and create standards for evaluating state-defined programmes or international donor-driven initiatives. Ideas of the state can thus be a basis for social action; even when the reality of state dysfunction is widely accepted, 'ordinary people' continue to invest themselves in these ideas.</bold> Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 695-708 Issue: 114 Volume: 34 Year: 2007 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240701819582 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240701819582 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:34:y:2007:i:114:p:695-708 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: James H. Mittelman Author-X-Name-First: James H. Author-X-Name-Last: Mittelman Title: Debates Abstract: The following remarks were delivered at a plenary session on 19 October 2007 in New York City at the 50-super-th meeting of the African Studies Association. This was, for an ASA, an extremely animated plenary attended by over 400. The question and answer session that followed indicated the huge concern of all those present. For instance, one suggested that the 'US is not interested in development or democracy; it is focused only on the"war on terror" and placing the Bureau of Homeland Security into as many states in Africa as possible'. Another suggested that 'the trend in Africa is militarising the continenet, creating terror in order to have a "war on terror" and suggested that the US was establishing military bases across the continent -- a discussion we've had here in the pages of ROAPE about the use of language, i.e. when is a base not a base? when it's a facility run by privatised military or Bureau of Homeland Security. ROAPE asked the plenary partcipants to rise to the challenge once again and put pen to paper; they were given a very short time to do this. Mahmood Mamdani was not well afterwards and wasn't able to contribute in time and the US Ambassador to the AU, Cindy Courville, had at first agreed but then withdrew at the last moment. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 709-717 Issue: 114 Volume: 34 Year: 2007 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240701819608 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240701819608 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:34:y:2007:i:114:p:709-717 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Asma Mohamed Abdel Halim Author-X-Name-First: Asma Author-X-Name-Last: Mohamed Abdel Halim Title: Briefings Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 719-756 Issue: 114 Volume: 34 Year: 2007 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240701819640 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240701819640 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:34:y:2007:i:114:p:719-756 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marcus Power Author-X-Name-First: Marcus Author-X-Name-Last: Power Author-Name: Giles Mohan Author-X-Name-First: Giles Author-X-Name-Last: Mohan Title: Good Friends & Good Partners: The ‘New‘ Face of China-African Co-operation Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 5-6 Issue: 115 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802011311 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802011311 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:115:p:5-6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Raphael Power Author-X-Name-First: Raphael Author-X-Name-Last: Power Title: What Does the Rise of China Do for Industrialisation in Sub-Saharan Africa? Abstract: China's rapid growth and deepening global presence in Africa creates a major challenge for the conventional wisdom of industrialisation as a core component of development strategy. These challenges are expressed through a combination of direct impacts (expressed in bilateral country-to-country relations) and indirect impacts (reflected in competition in third country markets). In current structures, these impacts are predominantly harmful for SSA's industrial growth, as expressed through its recent experience in the exports of clothing to the US under AGOA (African Growth & Opportunity Act). If Washington Consensus policies prevail, these harmful impacts will be sustained and deepened. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 7-22 Issue: 115 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802011360 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802011360 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:115:p:7-22 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Giles Mohan Author-X-Name-First: Giles Author-X-Name-Last: Mohan Author-Name: Marcus Power Author-X-Name-First: Marcus Author-X-Name-Last: Power Title: New African Choices? The Politics of Chinese Engagement Abstract: The role of China in Africa must be understood in the context of competing and intensified global energy politics, in which the US, India and China are among the key players vying for security of supply. Contrary to popular representation, China's role in Africa is much more than this however, opening up new choices for African development for the first time since the neo-liberal turn of the 1980s. As such it is important to start by disaggregating ‘China’ and ‘Africa’ since neither represents a coherent and uniform set of motivations and opportunities. This points to the need for, at minimum, a comparative case study approach which highlights the different agendas operating in different African states. It also requires taking a longue durée perspective since China-Africa relations are long standing and recent intervention builds on cold war solidarities, in polemic at least. It also forces us to consider Chinese involvement in Africa as ambivalent, but contextual. Here we look at the political dimensions of this engagement and set out a research agenda that focuses on class and racial dynamics, state restructuring, party politics, civil society responses and aid effectiveness. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 23-42 Issue: 115 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802011394 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802011394 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:115:p:23-42 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chris Alden Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Alden Author-Name: Cristina Alves Author-X-Name-First: Cristina Author-X-Name-Last: Alves Title: History & Identity in the Construction of China's Africa Policy Abstract: One of the most notable features of the forging of China's new activist foreign policy towards Africa is its emphasis on the historical context of the relationship. These invocations of the past, stretching back to the 15th century but rife with references to events in the 19th century and the cold war period, are regular features of Chinese diplomacy in Africa. Indeed, it is the persistence of its use and the concurrent claim of a continuity of underlying purpose that marks Chinese foreign policy out from western approaches which have by and large been content to avoid discussions of the past (for obvious reasons) or insisting on any policy continuities. However, beneath the platitudes of solidarity is a reading of Chinese historical relations with Africa emanating from Beijing that is, as any student of contemporary African history will know, at times at odds with the historical record of Chinese involvement on the continent. This article will examine the use and meaning of history in the construction of China's Africa policy. It will do so through first, a brief discussion of the relationship between foreign policy, identity and history; second, a survey of Chinese foreign policy towards Africa from 1955 to 1996; third, an analysis of the implications of Beijing's approach for its efforts to achieve foreign policy aims regionally and globally. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 43-58 Issue: 115 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802011436 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802011436 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:115:p:43-58 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shaun Breslin Author-X-Name-First: Shaun Author-X-Name-Last: Breslin Author-Name: Ian Taylor Author-X-Name-First: Ian Author-X-Name-Last: Taylor Title: Explaining the Rise of ‘Human Rights’ in Analyses of Sino-African Relations Abstract: Popular perceptions of China and its global role are often shaped by two words: ‘made in’. Yet this vision of China that focuses primarily on Beijing as a coming economic superpower is relatively new, and it is not that long ago that two other words tended to dominate debates on and discourses of China: ‘human rights’. To be sure, real interest in human rights in China was never the <italic>only</italic> issue in other states’ relations with China, nor consistently pursued throughout the years (Nathan, 1994). Nor did human rights totally subsequently disappear from the political agenda.-super-1 Nevertheless, the rhetorical importance of human rights - perhaps best epitomised by the narrow defeat of resolutions condemning Chinese policy in 1995 at the Human Rights Council in Geneva - stands in stark contrast to the <italic>relative</italic> silence thereafter as the bottom line of most states’ relations with Beijing took on ever greater economic dimensions. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 59-71 Issue: 115 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802011469 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802011469 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:115:p:59-71 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dorothy McCormick Author-X-Name-First: Dorothy Author-X-Name-Last: McCormick Title: China & India as Africa's New Donors: The Impact of Aid on Development Abstract: Using a two-analytical framework and drawing on a wide range of secondary data, this article attempts to assess the likely impact of aid from China and India on the development of Africa. The framework treats aid as one of four main channels through which China and India influence the shape and performance of particular sectors and, through them, development outcomes. The first stage of analysis examines the varying patterns of Chinese and Indian aid and the multiple impacts such aid has on one key sector: manufacturing. The main findings from this level of analysis have to do with the differing patterns of Indian and Chinese aid, differences between Chinese and Indian aid, and aid from western countries, and the interconnections between the impact channels. India and China have different patterns of aid. India concentrates on non-monetary aid mainly in the form of technical assistance and scholarships, while China offers a wider range of monetary and non-monetary aid packages, which include grants and loans for infrastructure, plant and equipment, as well as scholarships, training opportunities, and technical assistance. Chinese monetary aid is tied to the use of Chinese goods and services, and requires adherence to the 'One China' policy, but does not carry the 'good governance' conditionalities that currently characterise western donors. The impact channels of trade, FDI, aid, and migration overlap to some degree, especially in the case of China. The line between FDI and aid is often blurred, as is the line between aid and trade. The second stage of the analysis looks at the implications of Chinese and Indian aid to manufacturing for development outcomes such as growth, distribution, governance, and environment. The analysis shows clearly that the potential impact of Chinese and Indian aid on Africa is significant, but that the actual effects of these emerging donors on particular countries depends to a large extent on the institutional and structural conditions of the recipients. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 73-92 Issue: 115 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802011501 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802011501 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:115:p:73-92 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daniel Large Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Author-X-Name-Last: Large Title: China & the Contradictions of ‘Non-interference’ in Sudan Abstract: The core Chinese foreign policy principle of non-interference has recently come under increasing and more visible strain in China's relations with Sudan. Noninterference has been central to Beijing's relations with different governments in Khartoum since 1959. From the mid-1990s, however, the Chinese role in Sudan has become more embedded and consequential. Today China faces the challenge of accommodating its established policy of non-interference with the more substantive and growing complexity of Chinese involvement developed over the past decade in Sudan, amidst ongoing conflict in western Darfur and changing politics after the North-South peace agreement of January 2005. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 93-106 Issue: 115 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802011568 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802011568 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:115:p:93-106 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Claire Ceruti Author-X-Name-First: Claire Author-X-Name-Last: Ceruti Title: African National Congress Change in Leadership: What Really Won it for Zuma? Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 107-114 Issue: 115 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802011808 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802011808 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:115:p:107-114 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lucy Corkin Author-X-Name-First: Lucy Author-X-Name-Last: Corkin Author-Name: Sanusha Naidu Author-X-Name-First: Sanusha Author-X-Name-Last: Naidu Title: China & India in Africa: An Introduction Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 115-116 Issue: 115 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802011824 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802011824 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:115:p:115-116 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sanusha Naidu Author-X-Name-First: Sanusha Author-X-Name-Last: Naidu Title: India's Growing African Strategy Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 116-128 Issue: 115 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802021435 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802021435 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:115:p:116-128 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lucy Corkin Author-X-Name-First: Lucy Author-X-Name-Last: Corkin Title: Competition or Collaboration? Chinese & South African Transnational Companies in Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 128-133 Issue: 115 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802021443 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802021443 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:115:p:128-133 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martyn Davies Author-X-Name-First: Martyn Author-X-Name-Last: Davies Title: China's Developmental Model Comes to Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 134-137 Issue: 115 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802021450 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802021450 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:115:p:134-137 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lindsey Hilsum Author-X-Name-First: Lindsey Author-X-Name-Last: Hilsum Title: China faces reality in Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 137-140 Issue: 115 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802021468 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802021468 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:115:p:137-140 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maina Kiai Author-X-Name-First: Maina Author-X-Name-Last: Kiai Title: The Political Crisis in Kenya: A Call for Justice & Peaceful Resolution Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 140-144 Issue: 115 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802021476 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802021476 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:115:p:140-144 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Giles Mohan Author-X-Name-First: Giles Author-X-Name-Last: Mohan Title: China in Africa: A Review Essay Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 155-173 Issue: 115 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802011832 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802011832 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:115:p:155-173 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reginald Cline‐Cole Author-X-Name-First: Reginald Author-X-Name-Last: Cline‐Cole Author-Name: Graham Harrison Author-X-Name-First: Graham Author-X-Name-Last: Harrison Title: Editorial: The Politics of Capital Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 179-183 Issue: 116 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802193762 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802193762 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:116:p:179-183 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carolyn Bassett Author-X-Name-First: Carolyn Author-X-Name-Last: Bassett Title: South Africa: Revisiting Capital's ‘Formative Action’ Abstract: This article revisits Saul and Gelb's 1981 analysis of South African capital's ‘formative action’, employing their framework to assess how capital hasshaped the economic framework since 1990. I show that once prominentbusiness leaders became committed to non‐racial democracy, the privatesector became enormously influential in shaping the economic programme.The policy changes permitted South African firms to restructure theiroperations largely on their own terms, becoming major investors elsewherein Africa and around the world. Despite their ostensible success, the neoliberal framework they cultivated may lack durability, simply because the ‘historical bloc’ underpinning it is so narrow that the programme has notoffered many benefits to the majority. Despite measures taken by thegovernment since 2000 to broaden the political coalition supporting the neoliberal restructuring, the recent crisis over presidential succession reflects the failure to vest the economic changes in a hegemonic programme. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 185-202 Issue: 116 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802193804 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802193804 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:116:p:185-202 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wibke Crewett Author-X-Name-First: Wibke Author-X-Name-Last: Crewett Author-Name: Benedikt Korf Author-X-Name-First: Benedikt Author-X-Name-Last: Korf Title: Ethiopia: Reforming Land Tenure Abstract: Land policy in Ethiopia has been controversial since the fall of the military socialist derg regime in 1991. While the current Ethiopian government has implemented a land policy that is based on state ownership of land (where only usufruct rights are given to land holders), many agricultural economists and international donor agencies have propagated some form of privatized land ownership. This article traces the antagonistic arguments of the two schools of thought in the land reform debate and how their antagonistic principles ‐ fairness vs. efficiency ‐ are played out. It then goes on to explore how these different arguments have trickled down in the formulation of the federal and regional land policies with a particular view on the new Oromia regional land policy as it is considered the most progressive (with regards to tenure security). We provide some empirical material on ongoing practices of implementing the Rural Land Use and Administration Proclamation of Oromia Region. Our analysis suggests that while the laws are conceptual hybrids that accommodate both fairness and efficiency considerations, regional bureaucrats have selectively implemented those elements of the proclamation that are considered to strengthen the regime’s political support in the countryside. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 203-220 Issue: 116 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802193911 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802193911 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:116:p:203-220 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Arrigo Pallotti Author-X-Name-First: Arrigo Author-X-Name-Last: Pallotti Title: Tanzania: Decentralising Power or Spreading Poverty? Abstract: This essay investigates the complex relationships between the decentralisation reform and implementation of the 1999 land laws in the rural areas of Tanzania. After critically reviewing the aims, content and early outcomes of the Local Government Reform Programme (LGRP), the essay considers the political implications of the neo‐liberal citizenship model the reform tries to promote at the local level, with a particular focus on its link with the implementation of the Village Land Act of 1999. Behind the rhetoric of poverty reduction and community development lies a government effort to promote a market model of citizenship in the rural areas. Indeed, the implementation of the LGRP and land tenure reform represent part of this broader effort. The paper concludes that these policies will have far‐reaching effects on resource access and democracy at the local level. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 221-235 Issue: 116 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802194067 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802194067 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:116:p:221-235 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kennedy Agade Mkutu Author-X-Name-First: Kennedy Agade Author-X-Name-Last: Mkutu Title: Uganda: Pastoral Conflict & Gender Relations Abstract: This article uses testimonials from women and men to ask how pastoral gender relations are configured, how they are being altered in the context of armed conflict, including violent cattle raiding, in the last four decades and how they are coping with their resulting pastoral livelihoods becoming increasingly unsustainable. In addition, the status of both men and women as defined by marriage is declining as marriage is dependent upon a diminishing cattle economy. It is here that women are being required to take on new roles for their survival and the survival of the family, including making decisions about acquiring guns and ammunition, and branching out into alternative livelihoods. Men are gaining power over women in some respects because they remain the owners of weapons, but conflict has also created space for women to gain independence and status. The article considers the benefits of this situation for women, but also notes the new risks to their physical and mental health. It then argues that in turn there are both positive and negative aspects for the whole family and the stability and sustainability of the Karimojong society as a whole. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 237-254 Issue: 116 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802194133 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802194133 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:116:p:237-254 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shannon Walsh Author-X-Name-First: Shannon Author-X-Name-Last: Walsh Author-Name: Patrick Bond Author-X-Name-First: Patrick Author-X-Name-Last: Bond Author-Name: Ashwin Desai Author-X-Name-First: Ashwin Author-X-Name-Last: Desai Author-Name: Shannon Walsh Author-X-Name-First: Shannon Author-X-Name-Last: Walsh Title: ‘Uncomfortable Collaborations’: Contesting Constructions of the ‘Poor’ in South Africa Abstract: This article deconstructs the problematic way the ‘Poor’ are represented by the intellectual ‘Left’ as a fixed, virtuous subject. Even while this fixed identity is actively mobilised by people themselves to gain symbolic and real power, I argue that the philosopher's fixation on the singular subjectivity of the oppressed confines the ‘Poor’ to their very subjugation. Instead, I propose a more nuanced understanding of how agency and oppression occur within the ‘uncomfortable collaborations' that are forged between various actors. My argument is grounded in experiences with the shack dwellers movement in Durban (Abahlali baseMjondolo, ABM), and young AIDS activists in Khayelitsha and Atlantis, South Africa. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 255-279 Issue: 116 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802195809 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802195809 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:116:p:255-279 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roger Southall Author-X-Name-First: Roger Author-X-Name-Last: Southall Title: The ANC for Sale? Money, Morality & Business in South Africa Abstract: The African National Congress (ANC) as a liberation movement drew much of its strength from its moral underpinnings as fighting for a just society. However, since its acquisition of political office in 1994, the ANC is widely perceived to have lost its moral compass. This demoralization needs to be located within the structural determinants of the South African transition. Against the background of the dilemmas faced by the ANC in its bid to promote its National Democratic Revolution (NDR), this paper explores how the party's need to secure funding has seen it complement official state funding by tapping corporate largesse, moving into business and accessing public monies. Meanwhile, the mutual interests of the new political power holders and established business have forged close connections across the public and private divide which at times have bordered on the criminal. Despite the ANC's declared intentions to address its moral rot by implementation of new ethical controls, the reciprocal needs of powerful business interests and party elites are likely to limit their effectiveness. Continued pressure for ‘revolutionary morality’ must therefore come from below and outside the ruling party. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 281-299 Issue: 116 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802196336 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802196336 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:116:p:281-299 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joshua Stacher Author-X-Name-First: Joshua Author-X-Name-Last: Stacher Title: Egypt: The Anatomy of Succession Abstract: This article examines how the procedural aspects of Egypt's first presidential elections permitted the ruling regime to persist without a serious challenge. By taking stock of how the procedural rules of the game were manipulated to favour the incumbent, and the creation of an administrative body with extrajudicial powers guaranteeing the known result, this article will argue that the character of Constitutional Amendment 76 sET a precedent that will likely favour the succession in 2011 of Hosni Mubarak's son, Gamal. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 301-314 Issue: 116 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802196807 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802196807 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:116:p:301-314 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mohamed Juldeh Jalloh Author-X-Name-First: Mohamed Juldeh Author-X-Name-Last: Jalloh Title: Sierra Leone: Beyond Change & Continuity Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 315-323 Issue: 116 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802196955 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802196955 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:116:p:315-323 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lionel Cliffe Author-X-Name-First: Lionel Author-X-Name-Last: Cliffe Title: Eritrea 2008: The Unfinished Business of Liberation Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 323-330 Issue: 116 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802197094 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802197094 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:116:p:323-330 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Martell Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Martell Title: A View from Eritrea: Any Chance of Change Without War? Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 331-335 Issue: 116 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802197144 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802197144 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:116:p:331-335 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Jacobs Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Jacobs Title: A New Generation of Heterodox Development Scholars Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 335-340 Issue: 116 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802197193 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802197193 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:116:p:335-340 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ray Bush Author-X-Name-First: Ray Author-X-Name-Last: Bush Title: Scrambling to the Bottom? Mining, Resources & Underdevelopment Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 361-366 Issue: 117 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802410968 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802410968 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:117:p:361-366 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bonnie Campbell Author-X-Name-First: Bonnie Author-X-Name-Last: Campbell Title: Regulation & Legitimacy in the Mining Industry in Africa: Where does Canada Stand? Abstract: There are more than 1,000 mining companies listed on Canadian stock exchanges, more than any other country and, as such, represent the most important source of investment in mining in Africa. This article provides a preliminary evaluation of the experience and report of the Canadian National Roundtables on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). It does so in the context of the surge of Canadian investment in mining in Africa and of increasing public awareness of the negative impacts of the activities of Canadian mining enterprises. It examines the issues of resource governance and the ‘securitisation’ of mining activities. The recommendations favouring adoption of a Canadian set of CSR Standards for Canadian extractive‐sector companies operating abroad is contextualised in the global expansion of transnational mining investment that since the 1990s led to increasing conflicts with local communities. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 367-385 Issue: 117 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802410984 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802410984 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:117:p:367-385 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sabine Luning Author-X-Name-First: Sabine Author-X-Name-Last: Luning Title: Liberalisation of the Gold Mining Sector in Burkina Faso Abstract: Since the liberalisation of the gold mining sector in the 1990s, the state of Burkina Faso has the task of allotting exploration and exploitation permits to private companies. International junior companies are exploring vast concessions in Burkina, and publish promising prospects on the internet. Scrutinising the presence of (inter)national companies both on the web and on the ground, the article shows how a set of concessions constitutes a ‘field’, defined as a system of social positions structured in terms of power relations. Concessions bring together a wide range of professionals in mining: potential investors, international companies, Burkinabe entrepreneurs and artisanal miners. The article describes how legal distinctions affect the power structure of working arrangements on one particular group of exploration permits in the central part of Burkina, currently held by the Canadian company High River Gold: the Bissa permit Group. It examines what happens on the ground when companies are allotted formal titles, whereas artisanal miners can at best aspire to obtain marginal places for their informal practices. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 387-401 Issue: 117 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802411016 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802411016 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:117:p:387-401 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John Lungu Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Lungu Title: Copper Mining Agreements in Zambia: Renegotiation or Law Reform? Abstract: Poverty levels in Zambia are historically associated with development in the mining sector. As long as the sector was performing well and enjoying high international prices for copper, the revenues to government were high and the government could afford the provision of, for example, public health. It is however paradoxical that in the current upturn of commodity prices, the Zambian government has not obtained sufficient revenues to enable it to provide the required public goods. Close scrutiny of the way the state‐owned mining company, Zambia Consolidated Copper Mines (ZCCM), was privatised in the late 1990s reveals that the agreements made between the government and the new mining companies were lopsided. As a consequence, the government has been unable to earn revenues to the same extent as countries like Chile prompting civil society to pressure the government to renegotiate the agreements. The government has, however, chosen the path of law reform to increase the taxation on foreign‐owned mining companies. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 403-415 Issue: 117 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802411032 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802411032 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:117:p:403-415 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cyril I. Obi Author-X-Name-First: Cyril I. Author-X-Name-Last: Obi Title: Enter the Dragon? Chinese Oil Companies & Resistance in the Niger Delta Abstract: This article explores the ramifications of the entry of Chinese state oil companies into the volatile Niger Delta for the politics of local resistance in the region ‐ until recently, virtually the preserve of Western oil multinationals and smaller Independents. The entry of Chinese oil companies in the context of a ‘new’ scramble for Africa's resources, and as a response to strategic moves by the Nigerian petro‐state and ruling elite to increase oil revenues, and diversify its near‐total dependence on Western actors, oil technology, markets and conditionalities, has drawn a quick response from the local communities in the Niger Delta. On 29 April 2006, an Ijaw youth militia, the Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND), exploded a car bomb in the city of Warri, warning the Chinese oil companies to stay away from the Niger Delta, and further threatening that they would be treated as ‘thieves’ and attacked. Since then, there have been reports of the kidnapping and subsequent release of some Chinese oil workers in the region. What is the potential impact of the entry of Chinese oil capital on the fragile oil environment and the human rights situation in this volatile oil‐rich region? Does the existing evidence suggest a fundamental difference in local responses to Chinese and Western oil capital in the Niger Delta? What explanations can be advanced for the local response to the entry of Chinese oil companies in the Niger Delta? The paper also analyzes the likely response of the Chinese oil companies to the perceived threat(s) that local resistance in the Niger Delta could pose to their extractive, profit and energy security interests, given their antecedents in other African new oil states, particularly Sudan, where Chinese companies or Chinese oil workers were targeted by rebels, and were deeply involved with the state and dominant elite in mining oil and repressing local resistance. This assumes further significance in the securitization of the Niger Delta's oil within the context of a post‐9/11 US‐led (militarised) energy security paradigm that has placed the region in the context of an energy‐rich Gulf of Guinea, which is central to Western global strategic interests. While demonstrating that a clear anti‐Chinese oil position does not as yet exist in the Niger Delta, the article critically examines the prospects for the future of the forces and trajectories of local resistance in the Niger Delta. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 417-434 Issue: 117 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802411073 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802411073 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:117:p:417-434 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alicia Campos Author-X-Name-First: Alicia Author-X-Name-Last: Campos Title: Oil, Sovereignty & Self‐Determination: Equatorial Guinea & Western Sahara Abstract: This article analyses the role of the sovereignty principle for the oil industry and the implication this relationship has for development in Africa. It also looks at the transnational social movements around the exploitation of natural resources, comparing Equatorial Guinea and Western Sahara. The main hypothesis is that international norms of self‐determination and those developed for non‐autonomous people in Western Sahara, allow us to raise questions and to make demands over mineral resources in a very different way than where sovereignty is not in question, as in Equatorial Guinea. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 435-447 Issue: 117 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802411081 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802411081 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:117:p:435-447 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jeremy Keenan Author-X-Name-First: Jeremy Author-X-Name-Last: Keenan Title: Uranium Goes Critical in Niger: Tuareg RebellionsThreaten Sahelian Conflagration Abstract: <title/> The article analyses the causes and implications of the ongoing Tuareg rebellions in Niger and Mali. While the larger and more widespread rebellion in Niger is generally attributed to the Niger Tuareg's demands for a greater and more equitable share of the country's uranium revenues, the article reveals that both rebellions, while centering on grievances associated with marginalisation, indigenous land rights and the exploitation of mineral resources, are far more complex. Other key elements are the continuing impact on the region of the global war on terror; competing imperialisms and sub‐imperialisms; the associated interests of multinational mining companies; environmental threats and the interests of international drug‐traffickers. The article also details the human rights abuses inflicted on the civilian populations in both Niger and Mali by the recently US‐trained militaries. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 449-466 Issue: 117 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802411107 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802411107 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:117:p:449-466 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daniel Owusu-Koranteng Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Author-X-Name-Last: Owusu-Koranteng Title: Mining Investment & Community Struggles Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 467-473 Issue: 117 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802411115 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802411115 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:117:p:467-473 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gisa Weszkalnys Author-X-Name-First: Gisa Author-X-Name-Last: Weszkalnys Title: Hope & Oil: Expectations in São Tomé e Príncipe Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 473-482 Issue: 117 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802411156 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802411156 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:117:p:473-482 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Henry Kippin Author-X-Name-First: Henry Author-X-Name-Last: Kippin Title: Copper & controversy in the DR Congo Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 482-486 Issue: 117 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802411180 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802411180 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:117:p:482-486 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miles Larmer Author-X-Name-First: Miles Author-X-Name-Last: Larmer Title: The Zimbabwe Arms Shipment Campaign Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 486-493 Issue: 117 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802411198 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802411198 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:117:p:486-493 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Meredeth Turshen Author-X-Name-First: Meredeth Author-X-Name-Last: Turshen Title: Child poverty in Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 494-500 Issue: 117 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802411214 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802411214 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:117:p:494-500 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: João Paulo Borges Coelho Author-X-Name-First: João Paulo Borges Author-X-Name-Last: Coelho Title: Memories of Ruth First in Mozambique Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 500-507 Issue: 117 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802411222 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802411222 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:117:p:500-507 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vincent Tickner Author-X-Name-First: Vincent Author-X-Name-Last: Tickner Title: Africa: International Food Price Rises & Volatility Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 508-514 Issue: 117 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802411248 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802411248 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:117:p:508-514 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daryll E. Ray Author-X-Name-First: Daryll E. Author-X-Name-Last: Ray Title: USDA top officials vs. USDA data Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 514-516 Issue: 117 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802411271 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802411271 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:117:p:514-516 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carol B. Thompson Author-X-Name-First: Carol B. Author-X-Name-Last: Thompson Title: Agrofuels <italic>from</italic> Africa, not for Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 516-519 Issue: 117 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802411313 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802411313 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:117:p:516-519 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Susanne D. Mueller Author-X-Name-First: Susanne D. Author-X-Name-Last: Mueller Title: Apollo L. Njonjo Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 520-521 Issue: 117 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802411354 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802411354 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:117:p:520-521 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rita Abrahamsen Author-X-Name-First: Rita Author-X-Name-Last: Abrahamsen Author-Name: Michael C. Williams Author-X-Name-First: Michael C. Author-X-Name-Last: Williams Title: Public/Private, Global/Local: The Changing Contours of Africa's Security Governance Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 539-553 Issue: 118 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802569219 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802569219 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:118:p:539-553 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bruce Baker Author-X-Name-First: Bruce Author-X-Name-Last: Baker Title: Beyond the Tarmac Road: Local Forms of Policing in Sierra Leone & Rwanda Abstract: Civil war deeply disrupted policing in Sierra Leone and Rwanda, leaving their state police forces inadequate in numbers, skills and resources to serve all citizens. In this security vacuum local forms of policing play an important role. The article argues that the country-specific pattern of local forms of policing depends on three factors: the nature of the conflict and peace settlement; the regime ideology; and the level of regime insecurity and fear of conflict recurring. The empirical data concerning the local policing groups is presented under three headings: crime prevention and intervention; investigation and resolution; and punishment. The article concludes with an assessment of the hazards and potential for states and donors supporting such groups. They are certainly flawed agencies in the eyes of both users and government, but in a context of less than fair and accountable state policing, their widespread provision and support is not to be dismissed lightly. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 555-570 Issue: 118 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802569235 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802569235 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:118:p:555-570 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lars Buur Author-X-Name-First: Lars Author-X-Name-Last: Buur Title: Democracy & its Discontents: Vigilantism, Sovereignty & Human Rights in South Africa Abstract: This article argues that due to the particular position of crime in South Africa, the resurgence of vigilantism needs to be re-evaluated in light of the country's attempt at institutionalising human rights as the new society's founding values. Because many township dwellers see vigilantes as their protection against crime, vigilantism should be seen as a criticism of and a comment on human rights as the new expression of the country's most intimate values. The article begins by introducing an ethnographic case study of a vigilante group from Port Elizabeth's townships, which has become incorporated as an official ‘Safety and Security’ structure under the Community Policing Forum. The article suggests that fighting crime relates to wider questions of the perceived need for discipline and corporal punishment in response to the erosion of social authority. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 571-584 Issue: 118 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802569250 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802569250 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:118:p:571-584 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stig Jarle Hansen Author-X-Name-First: Stig Jarle Author-X-Name-Last: Hansen Title: Private Security & Local Politics in Somalia Abstract: The use of private security by weak states is often seen to erode state power and prevent national institution building. This article investigates the use of private military force in Somalia and the three different entities that exercise political authority within this geographically defined territory, namely the Transitional Federal Government, Puntland, and Somaliland. All three have contracted private security companies, primarily to prevent piracy and illegal fishing in their costal waters. The article shows that while the turmoil in Somalia continues to offer lucrative investment opportunities for private security and military companies of various sorts, it cannot be uniformly concluded that private security always serves to weaken already fragile public authorities. On the contrary, in some cases the activities of private military companies have served to strengthen the power of local authorities. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 585-598 Issue: 118 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802569268 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802569268 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:118:p:585-598 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hamilton Sipho Simelane Author-X-Name-First: Hamilton Sipho Author-X-Name-Last: Simelane Title: Security for All? Politics, Economy & the Growth of Private Security in Swaziland Abstract: Like many other African countries, Swaziland has in recent years experienced a rapid growth of various private security initiatives. In urban areas, security privatisation manifests itself in the form of a mushrooming of formal private security companies, while in rural areas, where the majority of people live, informal Community Police groups operating outside the control and recognition of the public police provide protection against crime. This article argues that the growth of private security initiatives in Swaziland cannot be understood only with reference to the ‘weak’ African state, but must also be analysed in the context of the country's unequal political economy and the utilisation of public security forces for regime security. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 599-612 Issue: 118 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802569276 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802569276 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:118:p:599-612 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kwesi Aning Author-X-Name-First: Kwesi Author-X-Name-Last: Aning Author-Name: Thomas Jaye Author-X-Name-First: Thomas Author-X-Name-Last: Jaye Author-Name: Samuel Atuobi Author-X-Name-First: Samuel Author-X-Name-Last: Atuobi Title: The Role of Private Military Companies in US-Africa Policy Abstract: This article discusses the increasing use of private military companies (PMCs) in United States’ security policy in Africa, and examines this phenomenon in relation to the US’ various military training programmes on the continent. We argue that the increasing use of PMCs in US security policy has evolved due to two critical and mutually dependent developments; African state weakness and resource stringency on the one hand, and the US's overwhelming security commitments around the world, combined with military downsizing, on the other. The article further argues that the involvement of PMCs is to a large extent informed by US concerns about access to African resources, especially oil, in the face of stiff competition from China. We conclude that the increasing US engagement in Africa is highly militaristic and state-centric, and that it is primarily conditioned by US strategic interests and does not necessarily reflect African security concerns: human security for development. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 613-628 Issue: 118 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802569300 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802569300 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:118:p:613-628 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fredrik Söderbaum Author-X-Name-First: Fredrik Author-X-Name-Last: Söderbaum Title: Unlocking the Relationship Between the WTO & Regional Integration Arrangements (RIAs) Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 629-633 Issue: 118 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802569334 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802569334 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:118:p:629-633 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jeremy Keenan Author-X-Name-First: Jeremy Author-X-Name-Last: Keenan Title: Demystifying Africa's Security Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 634-644 Issue: 118 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802569367 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802569367 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:118:p:634-644 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sean McFate Author-X-Name-First: Sean Author-X-Name-Last: McFate Title: Outsourcing the Making of Militaries: DynCorp International as Sovereign Agent Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 645-654 Issue: 118 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802574037 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802574037 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:118:p:645-654 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cyrus O'Brien Author-X-Name-First: Cyrus Author-X-Name-Last: O'Brien Title: The Dynamics of Private Security in Senegal Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 655-659 Issue: 118 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802574078 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802574078 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:118:p:655-659 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andrew Coyle CMG Author-X-Name-First: Andrew Author-X-Name-Last: Coyle CMG Title: Prison Privatisation in the African Context Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 660-665 Issue: 118 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802574086 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802574086 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:118:p:660-665 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bene E. Madunagu Author-X-Name-First: Bene E. Author-X-Name-Last: Madunagu Title: The Nigerian Feminist Movement: Lessons from <italic>Women in Nigeria</italic>, WIN* Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 666-673 Issue: 118 Volume: 35 Year: 2008 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240802574136 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240802574136 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:35:y:2008:i:118:p:666-673 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Theodore Trefon Author-X-Name-First: Theodore Author-X-Name-Last: Trefon Title: Public Service Provision in a Failed State: Looking Beyond Predation in the Democratic Republic of Congo Abstract: ‘The state is dying but not yet dead’ and ‘the state is so present, but so useless’ are also commonly heard refrains. These popular sentiments, inexorably expressed in all of the country's languages by the poor and the well-to-do, have been described by development experts and political scientists as state failure. But why is the state still so powerful and omnipresent in the daily lives of these people wronged by colonial oppression, dictatorship, economic underdevelopment and more recently, unresolved political transition? How, concretely, does the state manifest itself? Does the <italic>raison d’être</italic> of the Congolese state go beyond the violence of exploitation and predation? The objective of this article is to respond to these questions, contributing to our understanding of the function and dysfunction of the Congolese state, notably during the post-Mobutu transition. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 9-21 Issue: 119 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240902863587 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240902863587 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:119:p:9-21 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leo Zeilig Author-X-Name-First: Leo Author-X-Name-Last: Zeilig Title: The Student-Intelligentsia in sub-Saharan Africa: Structural Adjustment, Activism and Transformation Abstract: University students acquired a politically privileged status in much of sub-Saharan Africa; this was connected to the role the student-intelligentsia played in the struggles for independence. After independence, student activism became an important feature of the new states. However, higher education on the continent came under sustained attack in the 1980s and 1990s, with the policies of the IMF and World Bank reversing the generous funding national universities had received. This cast student activists into a world transformed by political and economic forces, contested in waves of popular protest. While students in many cases maintained their status as politically privileged actors, they now did so in countries where there had been a convergence of popular classes. This article charts some of these developments, and argues that the student-intelligentsia has played a diverse and contradictory role in the recent political and economic upheavals on the continent. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 63-78 Issue: 119 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240902885705 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240902885705 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:119:p:63-78 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Adrian Flint Author-X-Name-First: Adrian Author-X-Name-Last: Flint Title: The End of a ‘Special Relationship’? The New EU--ACP Economic Partnership Agreements Abstract: The WTO-sanctioned waiver for the extension of the Lomé system of preferences to the African, Caribbean Pacific (ACP) countries expired in December 2007. This deadline coincided with the scheduled conclusion of the EU--ACP Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) negotiations, initiated in 2002. The origins of the EU--ACP relationship stretch back to the early days of the European Community, and were formalised in 1975 with the signing of the Georgetown Agreement. However, there has been a notable ‘cooling’ of the relationship since the signing of the Cotonou Partnership Agreement in 2000. For many, the new EPA framework is perceived as a diktat rather than a true partnership agreement. This article reviews the culmination of six years of talks between the two sides and the EU's apparent ‘rationalisation’ of a decades-old partnership. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 79-92 Issue: 119 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240902863595 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240902863595 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:119:p:79-92 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lionel Cliffe Author-X-Name-First: Lionel Author-X-Name-Last: Cliffe Author-Name: Roy Love Author-X-Name-First: Roy Author-X-Name-Last: Love Author-Name: Kjetil Tronvoll Author-X-Name-First: Kjetil Author-X-Name-Last: Tronvoll Title: Conflict and Peace in the Horn of Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 151-163 Issue: 120 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903086485 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903086485 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:120:p:151-163 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Terrence Lyons Author-X-Name-First: Terrence Author-X-Name-Last: Lyons Title: The Ethiopia--Eritrea Conflict and the Search for Peace in the Horn of Africa Abstract: The Ethiopia-Eritrea border dispute is embedded within a set of domestic political conflicts in each state, is linked further through proxy conflicts to instability in Somalia and the Ogaden, and is skewed additionally by the application of Washington's global counter-terrorism policies to the region. Each of these arenas of contention has its own history, issues, actors and dynamic; however, each is also distorted by processes of conflict escalation and de-escalation in the other arenas. The intermeshing of domestic insecurities, interstate antagonisms, and global policies create regional ‘security complexes’ in which the security of each actor is intrinsically linked to the others and cannot realistically be considered apart from one another. Prospects for both the escalation and resolution of the Ethiopia-Eritrea conflict are linked to domestic political processes (such as increasing authoritarianism), regional dynamics (such as local rivalries played out in Somalia) and international policies (such as US counter-terrorism policies). Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 167-180 Issue: 120 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903068053 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903068053 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:120:p:167-180 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christopher Clapham Author-X-Name-First: Christopher Author-X-Name-Last: Clapham Title: Post-war Ethiopia: The Trajectories of Crisis Abstract: This article addresses current crises of governance in Ethiopia. Internal conflicts within the ruling coalition arise from its origins in a localised insurgency and its flawed capacity to create a broader political base. In the national context, particularly in the major towns, it rules only by effective force and not through dialogue or negotiation. A policy of ethnic federalism promised devolution of powers to local areas, but founders on the difficulty of reconciling autonomous systems of power and authority within a common political structure. Internationally, Ethiopia has had considerable success, presenting itself as a model of ‘good governance’ with donor approval. Having accepted the basic tenets of neoliberalism, it also backed the ‘global war on terror’, giving it scope to promote its own agenda, with US backing, in Somalia. Its cardinal problem remains the management of diversity and opposition. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 181-192 Issue: 120 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903064953 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903064953 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:120:p:181-192 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lovise Aalen Author-X-Name-First: Lovise Author-X-Name-Last: Aalen Author-Name: Kjetil Tronvoll Author-X-Name-First: Kjetil Author-X-Name-Last: Tronvoll Title: The End of Democracy? Curtailing Political and Civil Rights in Ethiopia Abstract: This article assesses political developments in Ethiopia after its 2005 federal and regional watershed elections. Although an unprecedented liberalisation took place ahead of the contested and controversial 2005 polls, a crack-down occurred in the wake of the elections, when the opposition was neutralised. Subsequently, the government rolled out a deliberate plan to prevent any future large-scale protest against their grip on power by establishing an elaborate administrative structure of control, developing new legislative instruments of suppression and, finally, curbing any electoral opposition as seen in the conduct of the 2008 local elections. As a result, Ethiopia has by 2008 returned firmly into the camp of authoritarian regimes. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 193-207 Issue: 120 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903065067 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903065067 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:120:p:193-207 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Richard Reid Author-X-Name-First: Richard Author-X-Name-Last: Reid Title: The Politics of Silence: Interpreting Stasis in Contemporary Eritrea Abstract: This article examines the current stand-off between the Eritrean government and the broader population, with an appreciation of the historical dynamics that have influenced the contemporary situation. It is argued here that although little appears to be changing in Eritrea on the surface, subtle but important shifts in attitude are taking place, both within government and among the broader populace. The article explores contemporary political culture in Eritrea, including the system which has developed around the position of the President Isaias Afwerki, and in particular focuses on the marked degree of militarisation which now characterises Eritrean society. Specifically, education has now become highly militarised, while the issue of the ‘demarcation’ of the border with Ethiopia -- a key issue since the ceasefire in 2000 -- has wider implications for future relations between government and people. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 209-221 Issue: 120 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903065125 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903065125 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:120:p:209-221 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ken Menkhaus Author-X-Name-First: Ken Author-X-Name-Last: Menkhaus Title: Somalia: ‘They Created a Desert and Called it Peace(building)’ Abstract: This article documents the humanitarian, political and security dimensions of the current Somali crisis and assesses the external policies that are playing an increasingly central role in the conflict. It advances the thesis that in 2007 and 2008 external Western and UN actors treated Somalia as a post-conflict setting when in fact their own policies helped to inflame armed conflict and insecurity there. As a result there was no peace for peacekeepers to keep, no state to which state-building projects could contribute, and increasingly little humanitarian space in which aid agencies could reach over 3 million Somalis in need of emergency relief. The gap between Somali realities on the ground and the set of assumptions on which aid and diplomatic policies toward Somalia have been constructed is wide and deep. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 223-233 Issue: 120 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903083136 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903083136 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:120:p:223-233 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carla Castañeda Author-X-Name-First: Carla Author-X-Name-Last: Castañeda Title: How Liberal Peacebuilding May Be Failing Sierra Leone Abstract: The concept of security is the driver for peacebuilding and development, as well as social and political change in post-conflict countries. A review and analysis of three key government documents indicates that, in Sierra Leone, securitisation discourse is embedded in both the political economy discourse of the state and in the popular imagination. The Security Sector Review equates security and peace while the country's Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper sees security as a driver for change. The 2006 Work Plan of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Security illustrates the extent to which the work of ministries is security-based. Sierra Leone's political economy of post-conflict peacebuilding favours macro-economic security that is to trickle down into social and political peace. Discourse analysis shows that, framed within security parameters, post-conflict peacebuilding is meant to have an effect of ‘trickle-down peace’ that in effect constrains transformation with the potential for facilitating conditions for a return to conflict. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 235-251 Issue: 120 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903068046 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903068046 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:120:p:235-251 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David P. Thomas Author-X-Name-First: David P. Author-X-Name-Last: Thomas Title: Revisiting <italic>Pedagogy of the Oppressed:</italic> Paulo Freire and Contemporary African Studies Abstract: The purpose of this article is to (re)introduce Paulo Freire's <italic>Pedagogy of the Oppressed</italic> to the study of contemporary African societies. Widely accepted as foundational work in the field of critical pedagogy, it is argued that Freirean scholarship and analysis is also useful in examining the top-down manner in which ‘development’ is currently being implemented on the continent. By examining the case of post-apartheid South Africa, this article posits that a Freirean understanding of liberation/freedom as a dialogical exercise can aid in opening up a productive avenue of critical enquiry regarding the post-colonial condition in sub-Saharan Africa. This analysis will use Freire's theoretical work in order to contribute to the literature regarding possibilities for more participatory, democratic and bottom-up struggles for social justice. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 253-269 Issue: 120 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903083268 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903083268 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:120:p:253-269 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gavin Williams Author-X-Name-First: Gavin Author-X-Name-Last: Williams Title: In memoriam Chris Allen (8 December 1942--29 September 2008) Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 271-272 Issue: 120 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903083284 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903083284 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:120:p:271-272 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elizabeth Schmidt Author-X-Name-First: Elizabeth Author-X-Name-Last: Schmidt Author-Name: James H. Mittelman Author-X-Name-First: James H. Author-X-Name-Last: Mittelman Author-Name: Fantu Cheru Author-X-Name-First: Fantu Author-X-Name-Last: Cheru Author-Name: Aili Mari Tripp Author-X-Name-First: Aili Mari Author-X-Name-Last: Tripp Title: Development in Africa: What is the Cutting Edge in Thinking and Policy? <break/> <break/> Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 273-282 Issue: 120 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903086576 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903086576 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:120:p:273-282 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Lawrence Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Lawrence Title: What Will the World Financial Crisis Do to Africa? Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 283-286 Issue: 120 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903086600 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903086600 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:120:p:283-286 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alex Vines Author-X-Name-First: Alex Author-X-Name-Last: Vines Author-Name: Markus Weimer Author-X-Name-First: Markus Author-X-Name-Last: Weimer Title: Angola: Thirty Years of Dos Santos Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 287-294 Issue: 120 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903083417 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903083417 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:120:p:287-294 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rory Pilossof Author-X-Name-First: Rory Author-X-Name-Last: Pilossof Title: ‘Dollarisation’ in Zimbabwe and the Death of an Industry Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 294-299 Issue: 120 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903083441 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903083441 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:120:p:294-299 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carl Death Author-X-Name-First: Carl Author-X-Name-Last: Death Title: Carbon Trading: A Critical Conversation on Climate Change, Privatisation and Power Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 301-302 Issue: 120 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903083656 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903083656 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:120:p:301-302 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dave Renton Author-X-Name-First: Dave Author-X-Name-Last: Renton Title: Revolt and Protest: Student Politics and Activism in Sub-Saharan Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 302-303 Issue: 120 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903086345 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903086345 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:120:p:302-303 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barry Riddell Author-X-Name-First: Barry Author-X-Name-Last: Riddell Title: The Globalizers: The IMF, the World Bank, and Their Borrowers Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 304-305 Issue: 120 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903086360 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903086360 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:120:p:304-305 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John Lungu Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Lungu Title: Mineworkers in Zambia: Labour and Political Change in Post-Colonial Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 305-307 Issue: 120 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903086386 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903086386 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:120:p:305-307 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rita Abrahamsen Author-X-Name-First: Rita Author-X-Name-Last: Abrahamsen Title: High Stakes and Stakeholders. Oil Conflict and Security in Nigeria Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 307-308 Issue: 120 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903086394 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903086394 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:120:p:307-308 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael Walls Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Walls Title: Becoming Somaliland Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 308-310 Issue: 120 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903086410 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903086410 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:120:p:308-310 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tunde Zack-Williams Author-X-Name-First: Tunde Author-X-Name-Last: Zack-Williams Author-Name: Graham Harrison Author-X-Name-First: Graham Author-X-Name-Last: Harrison Title: Africa's Future is up to Africans. Really? Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 311-316 Issue: 121 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903220654 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903220654 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:121:p:311-316 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roger Southall Author-X-Name-First: Roger Author-X-Name-Last: Southall Title: Understanding the ‘Zuma Tsunami’ Abstract: Jacob Zuma's defeat of Thabo Mbeki's bid to serve a third term as the president of the African National Congress (ANC) at the party's 52nd National Conference in Polokwane in December 2007 provoked a torrent of analysis. In large part, this was because Zuma himself was a highly controversial and contradictory figure. On the one hand, the ANC's new president was at the time having to fight against myriad charges of corruption through the courts; on the other, although highly patriarchal and conservative, he had earned the backing of the political left within the Tripartite Alliance and, apparently, the enthusiastic support of many among the poor. This article identifies eight ways in which the ‘Zuma tsunami’ was represented in the public discourse in South Africa, identifying their sources, motivations, limitations and overlaps, and concludes that the confusion around the issue of ‘what Zuma means’ represents a moment of extreme political fluidity within the ANC. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 317-333 Issue: 121 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903210739 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903210739 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:121:p:317-333 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Susan Willett Author-X-Name-First: Susan Author-X-Name-Last: Willett Title: Defence Expenditures, Arms Procurement and Corruption in Sub-Saharan Africa Abstract: In November 2007, the UK Department for International Development (DFID) launched its ‘Transparency in Defence Expenditure’, or TIDE, initiative, designed to fight corruption in military expenditures and arms procurement. Its initial focus was on sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), a region regarded as the most corrupt in the world. By focusing solely on the bribe-takers in SSA while studiously avoiding reference to the bribe-makers, DFID has opened itself up to accusations of double standards and hypocrisy. Corruption in arms procurement in SSA represents a small segment of a complex global pipeline that links Western arms firms and licensing governments to corrupt foreign officials and offshore financial institutions; tackling this web of corruption requires major reforms at the level of global governance, not just in governance procedures in SSA. With an analysis limited by inappropriate neoliberal methodologies and tainted by the alleged corrupt practices of British arms firms operating within SSA, DFID has been forced to put its TIDE initiative on the back burner. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 335-351 Issue: 121 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903210754 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903210754 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:121:p:335-351 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sophie Harman Author-X-Name-First: Sophie Author-X-Name-Last: Harman Title: Fighting HIV and AIDS: Reconfiguring the State? Abstract: US$10 billion goes to fight HIV and AIDS annually. This money has been accompanied by the introduction of quasi-governmental bodies, a mushrooming of civil society actors and high-level political commitments of states and international agencies. This article argues that the multiplicity of actors involved in the HIV and AIDS response has led to a re-modelling of the state in East Africa. Moreover, this re-modelling does not exist in isolation of wider trends within the global political economy, but is instead led by the World Bank as part of its wider governance reform agenda in which notions of sovereignty and partnership are challenged under the rubric of ownership. The article considers the role of the National AIDS Councils, the president, civil society and the Ministries of Health in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda within the World Bank's Multi-Country AIDS Program to explore this relationship. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 353-367 Issue: 121 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903210846 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903210846 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:121:p:353-367 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Issaka K. Souaré Author-X-Name-First: Issaka K. Author-X-Name-Last: Souaré Title: The International Criminal Court and African Conflicts: The Case of Uganda Abstract: For more than two decades, the rebel Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) has been committing some of the most appalling human rights violations and war crimes against civilian populations in northern Uganda. The Ugandan Government has been unable to defeat the rebel movement and effectively protect the civilian populations from its carnage. This situation led the government to pass the Amnesty Act of 2000 in a bid to entice the group's leaders to end the fighting. Subsequently, the International Criminal Court (ICC), at the request of the Ugandan Government, issued arrest warrants in 2005 for the five main leaders of the movement, a move regarded by some as the main stumbling block to peace in Uganda, as the rebels are insisting on the annulment of these warrants before they can sign a definitive peace agreement. This article examines the dilemma that this situation seems to have created in the peace process in Uganda. It concludes that the ICC should be firm in combating impunity, but flexible in accepting other alternatives to attributive justice whenever necessitated by the situation, as its own statute acknowledges. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 369-388 Issue: 121 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903211083 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903211083 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:121:p:369-388 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Asma Mohamed Abdel Halim Author-X-Name-First: Asma Mohamed Abdel Author-X-Name-Last: Halim Title: Women's Organisations Seeking Gender Justice in the Sudan 1964--1985 Abstract: The Sudan had a multiple legal system governing various aspects of its people's lives, however <italic>Shar`ia</italic> has been applied consistently to family law. <italic>Shar`ia</italic>, Muslim's interpretation of religious norms expressed in the <italic>Qura'n</italic> and <italic>Sunna</italic>, differed according to the time and place of application. This article compares two women's groups, the Sudanese Women's Union and the Republican Sisters, discussing the factors that shaped their methods and conceptualisation of their quest to seek gender justice without losing religious legitimacy. The Republican Sisters proved that a reinterpretation of Islamic norms can be advocated by a religious group, and not just by secular ones. The political and social climate had, and continues to have, a significant effect on the laws and the ways women react to their suppression in the name of religion. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 389-407 Issue: 121 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903220589 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903220589 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:121:p:389-407 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boku Tache Author-X-Name-First: Boku Author-X-Name-Last: Tache Author-Name: Gufu Oba Author-X-Name-First: Gufu Author-X-Name-Last: Oba Title: Policy-driven Inter-ethnic Conflicts in Southern Ethiopia Abstract: Persistent inter-ethnic conflicts in southern Ethiopia have created a crisis in security of customary land tenure in the grazing lands. This article explores the links between government administrative policies and inter-ethnic conflicts on grazing resource borders by discussing the historical relationships between contesting pastoral groups, their perceptions of resource borders and how the groups used government policies of ethnic-based decentralisation and referendum to claim ownership rights to grazing lands. The article contextualises the discussions within the politics of land use. Inter-ethnic conflicts have interfered with customary resource allocations by undermining customary institutions for resource sharing. There is a need for urgent dialogue between the government and different pastoral communities for negotiating access to key resources supported by conflict resolution in the southern rangelands of Ethiopia. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 409-426 Issue: 121 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903211125 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903211125 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:121:p:409-426 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sylvester Odion-Akhaine Author-X-Name-First: Sylvester Author-X-Name-Last: Odion-Akhaine Title: The Student Movement in Nigeria: Antinomies and Transformation1 Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 427-433 Issue: 121 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903211133 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903211133 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:121:p:427-433 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Demere Kitunga Author-X-Name-First: Demere Author-X-Name-Last: Kitunga Author-Name: Marjorie Mbilinyi Author-X-Name-First: Marjorie Author-X-Name-Last: Mbilinyi Title: Rooting Transformative Feminist Struggles in Tanzania at Grassroots Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 433-441 Issue: 121 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903211158 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903211158 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:121:p:433-441 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bob Kelly Author-X-Name-First: Bob Author-X-Name-Last: Kelly Title: The Ghanaian Election of 2008 Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 441-450 Issue: 121 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903220613 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903220613 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:121:p:441-450 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Henning Melber Author-X-Name-First: Henning Author-X-Name-Last: Melber Title: Southern African Liberation Movements as Governments and the Limits to Liberation1 Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 451-459 Issue: 121 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903211190 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903211190 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:121:p:451-459 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mike Powell Author-X-Name-First: Mike Author-X-Name-Last: Powell Title: Under the Tree of Talking: Leadership for Change in Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 461-462 Issue: 121 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903211265 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903211265 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:121:p:461-462 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christopher Cramer Author-X-Name-First: Christopher Author-X-Name-Last: Cramer Title: Inside Rebellion: The Politics of Insurgent Violence Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 462-464 Issue: 121 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903211281 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903211281 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:121:p:462-464 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ben Page Author-X-Name-First: Ben Author-X-Name-Last: Page Title: The Intestines of the State: Youth, Violence and Belated Histories in the Cameroon Grassfields Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 464-466 Issue: 121 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903211323 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903211323 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:121:p:464-466 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laura Routley Author-X-Name-First: Laura Author-X-Name-Last: Routley Title: Corruption and Development: The Anti-Corruption Campaigns Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 466-467 Issue: 121 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903211349 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903211349 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:121:p:466-467 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David P. Thomas Author-X-Name-First: David P. Author-X-Name-Last: Thomas Title: The World Bank: Development, Poverty, Hegemony Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 467-468 Issue: 121 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903211364 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903211364 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:121:p:467-468 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ali Bilgic Author-X-Name-First: Ali Author-X-Name-Last: Bilgic Title: Africa and Fortress Europe: Threats and Opportunities Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 469-470 Issue: 121 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903211430 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903211430 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:121:p:469-470 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dean Kampanje Phiri Author-X-Name-First: Dean Kampanje Author-X-Name-Last: Phiri Author-Name: Jessica Mzamu Kampanje Author-X-Name-First: Jessica Mzamu Author-X-Name-Last: Kampanje Title: Fearless Fighter: An Autobiography Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 470-472 Issue: 121 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903211455 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903211455 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:121:p:470-472 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ekua Ekumah Author-X-Name-First: Ekua Author-X-Name-Last: Ekumah Title: Death and the King's Horseman Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 472-473 Issue: 121 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903211471 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903211471 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:121:p:472-473 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Graham Harrison Author-X-Name-First: Graham Author-X-Name-Last: Harrison Author-Name: Reginald Cline-Cole Author-X-Name-First: Reginald Author-X-Name-Last: Cline-Cole Title: Against One-dimensional Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 475-478 Issue: 122 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903374824 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903374824 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:122:p:475-478 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Kragelund Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Kragelund Title: Knocking on a Wide-open Door: Chinese Investments in Africa Abstract: The current strong foothold of Chinese enterprises on the African continent concerns many Western observers. They fear that the West will lose leverage in Africa and simultaneously postpone development. Paradoxically, the advance of Chinese enterprises in Africa is not only the result of deliberate Chinese policies to gain access to resources and markets, but also the consequence of liberal African investment policies imposed by Western donors in the past. This article uses Zambia as a case study to challenge the often one-sided view of the local consequences of China's engagement with Africa, and it shows that we need to consider the type of policies that guide investment flows, in order to increase the local benefits of China's growing presence in the continent. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 479-497 Issue: 122 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903346111 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903346111 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:122:p:479-497 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ebenezer Obadare Author-X-Name-First: Ebenezer Author-X-Name-Last: Obadare Author-Name: Wale Adebanwi Author-X-Name-First: Wale Author-X-Name-Last: Adebanwi Title: Transnational Resource Flow and the Paradoxes of Belonging: Redirecting the Debate on Transnationalism, Remittances, State and Citizenship in Africa Abstract: The rise in the volume of known global foreign worker remittances to countries of origin has sparked considerable academic and policy interest. Much attention has been paid to the assumed ‘development’ potential of these financial remittances, an approach which encapsulates the tendency to envisage the consequences of remittance flows in overwhelmingly economic terms. This article takes issue with such an approach, arguing for a refocusing of the debate on remittances in recipient societies on the crucially important, yet largely neglected, political realm. It posits that in formations where a significant aspect of the population relies on external grants for everyday provisioning, questions on the possible implications of their reliance for civic engagement, social citizenship and political allegiance become imperative. The article proposes a conceptual framework for interrogating the effects of the emergence of a discursive ‘remittance class’ for notions of citizenship, state--society relations, and the changing patterns and forms of identity in African and other remittance-dependent societies. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 499-517 Issue: 122 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903346129 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903346129 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:122:p:499-517 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Tyler Dickovick Author-X-Name-First: J. Tyler Author-X-Name-Last: Dickovick Title: Revolutionising Local Politics? Radical Experiments in Burkina Faso, Ghana and Uganda in the 1980s Abstract: This article compares three African countries whose attempts to transform local governance in the 1980s were among the most dramatic, particularly in rural areas: Burkina Faso under Thomas Sankara (1983--1987), Ghana in the early years of the Jerry Rawlings presidency (1981--1992), and Uganda under Yoweri Museveni (1985--present). Despite surface similarities, especially in the establishment of local ‘people's defence councils’ or ‘resistance councils’, the three experiments had quite different outcomes, as a function both of antecedent conditions in state--society relations and of regimes' choices. A structured comparative-historical argument highlights differing state strategies vis-à-vis important social forces, especially traditional chiefs. Regimes' choices between <italic>confrontation</italic>, <italic>coexistence</italic>, and the <italic>construction</italic> of new relations with social forces resulted in different degrees of local political change. The ‘revolutionary’ local experiments provide insight into a general theory of African politics, in which states' transformational powers in rural areas remain circumscribed by entrenched local forces. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 519-537 Issue: 122 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903346137 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903346137 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:122:p:519-537 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thorkil Casse Author-X-Name-First: Thorkil Author-X-Name-Last: Casse Author-Name: Stig Jensen Author-X-Name-First: Stig Author-X-Name-Last: Jensen Title: Do We Understand the Linkages between Economic Growth, Poverty Targets and Poverty Reduction? Abstract: This article contributes to the debate on poverty trends in Africa, looking at the argument for a correspondence between economic growth and poverty reduction. It questions whether a link between economic growth and poverty reduction can be established. First there is a look at the general picture in Africa and no convincing evidence of this link is found, before the article turns to two countries, Burkina Faso and Madagascar, which on the surface seem to exemplify the link. However, in Burkina Faso the link exists only in a limited way and for only a short period (1998--2003), while in Madagascar, where the link appears more obvious, social and political unrest in 2009 casts doubt on the reliability of the data. Indeed, it is probable that an increase in poverty contributed to the crisis in Madagascar. Furthermore, there are signs that in both countries poverty strategies are increasingly giving way to Poverty Reduction Growth Facility programmes, closely related to former structural adjustment loans. It is concluded, first, that analysing poverty strategies through Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers does not help in resolving the uncertainty, since these strategies assume <italic>a priori</italic> the existence of a link between economic growth and poverty reduction; second, that collection and interpretation of poverty data could be biased, with the World Bank, for example, having an interest in showing improvements in poverty reduction in Africa; and, finally, that the paucity of data needs, at the very least, to be recognised as a major problem. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 539-553 Issue: 122 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903346145 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903346145 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:122:p:539-553 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ibaba S. Ibaba Author-X-Name-First: Ibaba S. Author-X-Name-Last: Ibaba Title: Violent Conflicts and Sustainable Development in Bayelsa State Abstract: Although the literature on the Niger Delta has highlighted the impact of the violence raging in the region, the analysis appears to have under-emphasised the effects of violent conflicts on sustainable development in the region. This study sets out to fill this gap. To achieve this, an empirical investigation involving 30 communities was conducted. The study shows that violent conflicts have undermined environmental quality through pollution and unsustainable exploitation of resources. The destruction of lives and property, the stagnation of infrastructure and agricultural development, and the insecurity caused by violence are noted to have constrained productivity, wealth creation and poverty reduction. Governance based on accountability, transparency, and the pursuit of the public good or common interest is seen as the most likely means to end the violence and secure sustainable development in the state. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 555-573 Issue: 122 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903346152 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903346152 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:122:p:555-573 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jeremiah O. Arowosegbe Author-X-Name-First: Jeremiah O. Author-X-Name-Last: Arowosegbe Title: Violence and National Development in Nigeria: The Political Economy of Youth Restiveness in the Niger Delta Abstract: One element in the contradictions underpinning Nigeria's development crisis is the marginalisation of the youth. This article examines the factors that influence youth restiveness in Nigeria's Niger Delta region. It discusses the impact of conservative elite politics and the oil-centric political economy characterised by the impoverishment, neglect and the repression of the oil-producing communities on the youth in the region. The article raises pertinent questions on the violence--development dialectic, drawing upon the context, dynamics, explanations and impact of youth violence in Nigeria's oil-rich Niger Delta. It examines the contradictions and injustices existing against the ethnic minorities of the oil-bearing communities in the region, from the centralisation of oil revenues by the federal centre and how these have generated marginalisation and violent conflict in the region. Detailing the repressive responses by the Nigerian state and the forms of violence that have occurred in the region between 1999 and 2007, the article discusses the implications of youth violence in the oil-rich Niger Delta for national development in Nigeria. It provides a context for understanding the connection between youth involvement in violent conflict and its deleterious impact on Nigeria's development. Tapping into issues of ethnicity and high-stake elite politics, it locates violent youth behaviour in the politics of exclusion and proffers suggestions for restoring the trust of marginalised youth as a necessary step toward development and peace in Nigeria. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 575-594 Issue: 122 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903346178 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903346178 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:122:p:575-594 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Patrick Bond Author-X-Name-First: Patrick Author-X-Name-Last: Bond Title: Removing Neocolonialism's APRM Mask: A Critique of the African Peer Review Mechanism Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 595-603 Issue: 122 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903346186 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903346186 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:122:p:595-603 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gabrielle Lynch Author-X-Name-First: Gabrielle Author-X-Name-Last: Lynch Title: Durable Solution, Help or Hindrance? The Failings and Unintended Implications of Relief and Recovery Efforts for Kenya's Post-election IDPs Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 604-610 Issue: 122 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903346194 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903346194 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:122:p:604-610 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter T. Jacobs Author-X-Name-First: Peter T. Author-X-Name-Last: Jacobs Title: Questioning Pro-poor Responses to the Global Economic Slump Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 611-619 Issue: 122 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903346210 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903346210 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:122:p:611-619 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lionel Cliffe Author-X-Name-First: Lionel Author-X-Name-Last: Cliffe Author-Name: Mahmood Mamdani Author-X-Name-First: Mahmood Author-X-Name-Last: Mamdani Title: Introduction Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 621-629 Issue: 122 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903346228 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903346228 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:122:p:621-629 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Harry Verhoeven Author-X-Name-First: Harry Author-X-Name-Last: Verhoeven Author-Name: Lydiah Kemunto Bosire Author-X-Name-First: Lydiah Kemunto Author-X-Name-Last: Bosire Author-Name: Sharath Srinivasan Author-X-Name-First: Sharath Author-X-Name-Last: Srinivasan Title: Understanding Sudan's Saviors and Survivors: Darfur in the Crossfire between Humanitarian Fundamentalism and Khartoum's Divide and Rule Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 630-635 Issue: 122 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903346244 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903346244 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:122:p:630-635 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alfred B. Zack-Williams Author-X-Name-First: Alfred B. Author-X-Name-Last: Zack-Williams Author-Name: Ibrahim Abdullah Author-X-Name-First: Ibrahim Author-X-Name-Last: Abdullah Author-Name: 'Funmi Olonisakin Author-X-Name-First: 'Funmi Author-X-Name-Last: Olonisakin Title: Tributes to Tajudeen Abdul-Raheem (1961--2009) Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 637-640 Issue: 122 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903346269 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903346269 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:122:p:637-640 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Janet Bujra Author-X-Name-First: Janet Author-X-Name-Last: Bujra Author-Name: Lionel Cliffe Author-X-Name-First: Lionel Author-X-Name-Last: Cliffe Title: Haroub Othman (1942--2009) Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 641-643 Issue: 122 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903346277 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903346277 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:122:p:641-643 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John S. Saul Author-X-Name-First: John S. Author-X-Name-Last: Saul Title: Arrighi and Africa: Farewell Thoughts Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 644-649 Issue: 122 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903346293 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903346293 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:122:p:644-649 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gavin Williams Author-X-Name-First: Gavin Author-X-Name-Last: Williams Title: Chris Allen (8 December 1942--29 September 2008) Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 651-652 Issue: 122 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903346301 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903346301 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:122:p:651-652 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bill Freund Author-X-Name-First: Bill Author-X-Name-Last: Freund Title: Saviors and Survivors; Darfur, Politics and the War on Terror Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 653-655 Issue: 122 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903346319 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903346319 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:122:p:653-655 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Shola Omotola Author-X-Name-First: J. Shola Author-X-Name-Last: Omotola Title: Votes, Money and Violence: Political Parties and Elections in Sub-Saharan Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 656-657 Issue: 122 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903346327 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903346327 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:122:p:656-657 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Trevor Parfitt Author-X-Name-First: Trevor Author-X-Name-Last: Parfitt Title: Neoliberalism, Civil Society and Security in Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 657-659 Issue: 122 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903346335 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903346335 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:122:p:657-659 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jacob Mundy Author-X-Name-First: Jacob Author-X-Name-Last: Mundy Title: Managing Instability in Algeria: Elites and Political Change since 1995 Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 659-660 Issue: 122 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903346343 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903346343 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:122:p:659-660 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marinko Banjac Author-X-Name-First: Marinko Author-X-Name-Last: Banjac Title: Decolonization and Empire: Contesting the Rhetoric and Reality of Resubordination in Southern Africa and Beyond Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 660-662 Issue: 122 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903351368 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903351368 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:122:p:660-662 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Linnea Bergholm Author-X-Name-First: Linnea Author-X-Name-Last: Bergholm Title: The United Nations, Peace and Security: From Collective Security to the Responsibility to Protect Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 662-663 Issue: 122 Volume: 36 Year: 2009 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240903351384 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240903351384 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:36:y:2009:i:122:p:662-663 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Graham Harrison Author-X-Name-First: Graham Author-X-Name-Last: Harrison Title: Post-neoliberalism? Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 1-5 Issue: 123 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056241003637839 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056241003637839 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:123:p:1-5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sara Pantuliano Author-X-Name-First: Sara Author-X-Name-Last: Pantuliano Title: Oil, land and conflict: the decline of Misseriyya pastoralism in Sudan1 Abstract: This article examines the strategies employed by Misseriyya pastoralists in Sudan to cope with a number of external pressures ranging from adverse government policies, climatic changes, the impact of oil exploration, conflict and the effects of Sudan's Comprehensive Peace Agreement. The paper analyses the current political context and discusses the tensions with other local and national actors in the context of the unresolved dispute over Abyei. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 7-23 Issue: 123 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056241003637847 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056241003637847 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:123:p:7-23 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Alexander Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Alexander Title: Rebellion of the poor: South Africa's service delivery protests -- a preliminary analysis Abstract: Since 2004, South Africa has experienced a movement of local protests amounting to a rebellion of the poor. This has been widespread and intense, reaching insurrectionary proportions in some cases. On the surface, the protests have been about service delivery and against uncaring, self-serving, and corrupt leaders of municipalities. A key feature has been mass participation by a new generation of fighters, especially unemployed youth but also school students. Many issues that underpinned the ascendency of Jacob Zuma also fuel the present action, including a sense of injustice arising from the realities of persistent inequality. While the inter-connections between the local protests, and between the local protests and militant action involving other elements of civil society, are limited, it is suggested that this is likely to change. The analysis presented here draws on rapid-response research conducted by the author and his colleagues in five of the so-called ‘hot spots’. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 25-40 Issue: 123 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056241003637870 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056241003637870 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:123:p:25-40 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aleksandra W. Gadzala Author-X-Name-First: Aleksandra W. Author-X-Name-Last: Gadzala Title: From formal- to informal-sector employment: examining the Chinese presence in Zambia Abstract: This paper analyses China's recent engagement with Zambia, examining especially Chinese hiring practices, methods of business organisation and the labour conditions maintained by Chinese-operated construction and mining firms. Moving beyond existing analyses which remain focused solely on Chinese trade, aid and investment, this study begins to explore the micro-level of Chinese ventures, arguing that the continued employment of co-nationals as well as the generally substandard labour conditions maintained by Chinese firms lead to the offloading of Zambian workers into the country's burgeoning informal economy. There, newly emerged Chinese businesses stand to threaten local entrepreneurs who lack the resources necessary to parry Chinese competition. The result is a rapidly growing national unemployment rate and an increasing number of Zambians left struggling to sustain their livelihoods. This paper further argues that the characteristics defining China's engagement with Zambia are not particular to the Zambian context alone, but are rather abiding characteristics of overseas Chinese businesses in general. The paper ultimately calls for a policy framework regulating Chinese business activities in Zambia, lest the negative consequences of the Sino-Zambian partnership prevail. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 41-59 Issue: 123 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056241003637904 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056241003637904 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:123:p:41-59 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John S. Saul Author-X-Name-First: John S. Author-X-Name-Last: Saul Title: Race, class, gender and voice: four terrains of liberation Abstract: This article focuses on the complex conceptual and practical terrain offered by the concept of ‘liberation’, both analytically and practically. It argues that liberation is best considered to be a multi-dimensional process, evoking an approach to its study (and to its practice) that would take seriously its resonance, for purposes of the analysis of Africa, as implicating struggle on the levels of race, class, gender, and (democratic) voice. The article then seeks, with special reference to South Africa, to suggest the costs that have accompanied a collapsing of the meaning of the term ‘liberation’ into a mere metaphor for national emancipation from colonial/quasi-colonial and racially defined rule. Comfortable as the narrowing of its definition in such a way may be to the domestic elites who have succeeded their former colonial rulers into possession of formal power, it leaves great scope for merely rationalising the imposition of a kind of recolonisation upon the territories concerned and ensuring the continued subordination in class, gender, and political terms of the vast mass of the ostensibly ‘liberated’ population. In sum, in both political and theoretical terms the concept ‘liberation’ must be reclaimed so as to permit both more precise scientific investigation and more militant and engaged practical work. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 61-69 Issue: 123 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056241003637946 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056241003637946 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:123:p:61-69 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kevin R. Cox Author-X-Name-First: Kevin R. Author-X-Name-Last: Cox Author-Name: Rohit Negi Author-X-Name-First: Rohit Author-X-Name-Last: Negi Title: The state and the question of development in sub-Saharan Africa Abstract: A common view of the developmental prospects of sub-Saharan Africa is that the crucial obstacle is political. Stronger states and representative institutions are a necessary precondition for development. This is a common view in both the media and in academe. The paper argues that this is to get things the wrong way round. Rather it is development, specifically the <italic>capitalist</italic> form of development, which is the necessary condition for strong states and democratic institutions. This is something which theorists of the state in Africa have got consistently wrong. Strong states require in the first instance neither the overthrow of patrimonialism nor of the bifurcated state. What they require is a radical change in the property relations that tend to prevail over most of the sub-continent: a change that would instantiate a process of capital accumulation but which is unlikely to be forthcoming. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 71-85 Issue: 123 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056241003637961 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056241003637961 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:123:p:71-85 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gary Littlejohn Author-X-Name-First: Gary Author-X-Name-Last: Littlejohn Title: Briefings reloaded: tell us about it Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 87-88 Issue: 123 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056241003637987 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056241003637987 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:123:p:87-88 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sylvester Odion Akhaine Author-X-Name-First: Sylvester Odion Author-X-Name-Last: Akhaine Title: Nigeria: politics and the end of oil Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 89-91 Issue: 123 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056241003638001 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056241003638001 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:123:p:89-91 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joseph Hanlon Author-X-Name-First: Joseph Author-X-Name-Last: Hanlon Title: Frelimo landslide in tainted election in Mozambique Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 92-95 Issue: 123 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056241003638019 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056241003638019 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:123:p:92-95 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Giuliano Martiniello Author-X-Name-First: Giuliano Author-X-Name-Last: Martiniello Title: South African farmers in the new scramble for African land Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 96-98 Issue: 123 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056241003638035 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056241003638035 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:123:p:96-98 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ashwin Desai Author-X-Name-First: Ashwin Author-X-Name-Last: Desai Title: After the rainbow: following the footprints of the May 2008 xenophobic violence in South Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 99-105 Issue: 123 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056241003638043 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056241003638043 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:123:p:99-105 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vincent Tickner Author-X-Name-First: Vincent Author-X-Name-Last: Tickner Title: Mobile phones: the new talking drums of everyday Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 107-108 Issue: 123 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/00233601003630252 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00233601003630252 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:123:p:107-108 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mala Mustapha Author-X-Name-First: Mala Author-X-Name-Last: Mustapha Title: The state of the state: institutional transformation, capacity and political change in South Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 109-110 Issue: 123 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056241003630263 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056241003630263 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:123:p:109-110 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elisa Da Vià Author-X-Name-First: Elisa Author-X-Name-Last: Da Vià Title: Globalization and restructuring of African commodity flows Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 111-112 Issue: 123 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056241003630271 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056241003630271 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:123:p:111-112 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elly Omondi Odhiambo Author-X-Name-First: Elly Omondi Author-X-Name-Last: Odhiambo Title: The risks of knowledge: investigations into the death of the Hon. Minister John Robert Ouko in Kenya, 1990 Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 113-114 Issue: 123 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056241003630297 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056241003630297 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:123:p:113-114 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Graham Harrison Author-X-Name-First: Graham Author-X-Name-Last: Harrison Title: The World Bank and social transformation in international politics: liberalism, governance, and sovereignty Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 115-116 Issue: 123 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056241003630305 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056241003630305 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:123:p:115-116 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miles Larmer Author-X-Name-First: Miles Author-X-Name-Last: Larmer Title: A new scramble for Africa? Imperialism, investment and development Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 117-118 Issue: 123 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056241003630354 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056241003630354 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:123:p:117-118 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Graham Harrison Author-X-Name-First: Graham Author-X-Name-Last: Harrison Author-Name: Claire Mercer Author-X-Name-First: Claire Author-X-Name-Last: Mercer Title: Demanding development Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 119-121 Issue: 124 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2010.485420 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2010.485420 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:124:p:119-121 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jörg Wiegratz Author-X-Name-First: Jörg Author-X-Name-Last: Wiegratz Title: Fake capitalism? The dynamics of neoliberal moral restructuring and pseudo-development: the case of Uganda Abstract: Uganda is regarded as the African country that has adopted the neoliberal reform package most extensively. Notably, neoliberal reforms have targeted the reshaping not only of the economy but also of the society and culture. The reforms aim to create a ‘market society’, which includes a corresponding set of moral norms and behaviour. Reforms, therefore, have to undermine, overwrite and displace pre-existing non-neoliberal norms, values, orientations and practices among the population; they also have to foster norms, values, orientations and practices that are in line with neoliberal ideology. This article looks at the process of neoliberal moral restructuring in Uganda since 1986. Extensive interviews in Kampala and eastern Uganda reveal that the cultural dimension of rapid neoliberal reform has negatively affected the relationships and trade practices between smallholder farmers and traders in rural markets. Since the onset of liberal economic reforms, face-to-face rural trade practices have been characterised by higher levels of ‘malpractice’ and a change in their form. Neoliberal Uganda is furthermore characterised by a spread of destructive norms and practices in other economic sectors and sections of society that have been ‘modernised’ according to neoliberal prescriptions. Many respondents invoked ideas such as ‘moral degeneration’, ‘moral decay’, a ‘rotten society’ and ‘<italic>kiwaani’</italic> (the title of a popular song, used interchangeably with <italic>deceit</italic>, <italic>tricking</italic>, or <italic>fake</italic> to describe behaviours and objects) and were worried about the future of moral norms and business practices in the country. The changes and trends described in this paper seem difficult but not impossible to reverse. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 123-137 Issue: 124 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2010.484525 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2010.484525 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:124:p:123-137 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David A. McDonald Author-X-Name-First: David A. Author-X-Name-Last: McDonald Title: <italic>Ubuntu</italic> bashing: the marketisation of ‘African values’ in South Africa Abstract: Broadly defined as an ‘African worldview’ that places communal interests above those of the individual, and where human existence is dependent upon interaction with others, <italic>ubuntu</italic> has a long tradition on the continent. This paper explores the ways in which the philosophy and language of <italic>ubuntu</italic> have been taken up and appropriated by market ideologies in post-apartheid South Africa. The literature on ‘<italic>ubuntu</italic> capitalism’ offers the most obvious illustration of this, but there are more subtle ways in which <italic>ubuntu</italic> theory and language have been (re)introduced to post-apartheid South Africa to support and reinforce neoliberal policymaking. But rather than reject <italic>ubuntu</italic> thinking outright as too compromised by this discursive shift, as much of the Left in South Africa has done, the paper asks if there is something potentially transformative about <italic>ubuntu</italic> beliefs and practices that can be meaningfully revived for more progressive change. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 139-152 Issue: 124 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2010.483902 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2010.483902 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:124:p:139-152 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alison J. Ayers Author-X-Name-First: Alison J. Author-X-Name-Last: Ayers Title: Sudan's uncivil war: the global--historical constitution of political violence Abstract: It is commonplace to characterise political violence and war in Africa as ‘internal’, encapsulated in the apparently neutral term ‘civil war’. As such, accounts of political violence tend to focus narrowly on the combatants or insurrectionary forces, failing to recognise or address the extent to which political violence is historically and globally constituted. The article addresses this problematic core assumption through examination of the case of Sudan, seeking to contribute to a rethinking of protracted political violence and social crisis in post-colonial Africa. The article interjects in such debates through the use and detailed exposition of a distinct methodological and analytical approach. It interrogates three related dimensions of explanation which are ignored by orthodox framings of ‘civil war’: (1) the technologies of colonial rule which (re)produced and politicised multiple fractures in social relations, bequeathing a fissiparous legacy of racial, religious and ethnic ‘identities’ that have been mobilised in the context of post-colonial struggles over power and resources; (2) the major role of geopolitics in fuelling and exacerbating conflicts within Sudan and the region, particularly through the cold war and the ‘war on terror’; and (3) Sudan's terms of incorporation within the capitalist global economy, which have given rise to a specific character and dynamics of accumulation, based on primitive accumulation and dependent primary commodity production. The article concludes that political violence and crisis are neither new nor extraordinary nor internal, but rather, crucial and constitutive dimensions of Sudan's neo-colonial condition. As such, to claim that political violence in Sudan is ‘civil’ is to countenance the triumph of ideology over history. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 153-171 Issue: 124 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2010.483888 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2010.483888 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:124:p:153-171 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gunnar M. Sørbø Author-X-Name-First: Gunnar M. Author-X-Name-Last: Sørbø Title: Local violence and international intervention in Sudan Abstract: The efforts of the international community to build peace in Sudan have been frustrated by the failure to stop the violence in Darfur, continuous setbacks in the implementation of the 2005 peace agreement, and a failure to remain sufficiently engaged with processes at the root of the violence. This applies particularly to local conflicts and the ways in which they interlock with national and regional conflicts. This paper highlights the role that land issues have played both in poverty generation and in driving and sustaining protracted conflict. The challenge is to take the current complexity into account, not by perceiving local conflict dynamics as merely a manifestation of macro-political cleavages, but as being motivated by both top-down and bottom-up agendas. As Sudan is drifting towards increasing fragmentation, an approach to peace-building is required that can address multiple arenas and sources of conflict in a much more integrated way than has been the case so far. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 173-186 Issue: 124 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2010.483890 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2010.483890 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:124:p:173-186 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jérôme Y. Bachelard Author-X-Name-First: Jérôme Y. Author-X-Name-Last: Bachelard Title: The Anglo-Leasing corruption scandal in Kenya: the politics of international and domestic pressures and counter-pressures Abstract: Mwai Kibaki's election in 2002 raised enormous hopes: after 24 years' repressive and corrupt rule by his predecessor Daniel Arap Moi, an apparently reformist opposition leader had been democratically elected president. The fight against corruption stood high among his electoral promises. Unfortunately, a year and a half after his election, the enormous Anglo-Leasing corruption scandal, and Kibaki's failure to prosecute the ministers involved, marked the end of the anti-corruption war. Building on existing Kenyan literature and international relations scholarship on transnational advocacy networks, this article systematically analyses the impact of both international and domestic pressures exerted on Kibaki to fight corruption. It confirms that this combination of pressures explains Kibaki's initial dismissal of the ministers involved. However, analysis of the ‘counter-pressures’ is also necessary to understand the crisis in all its complexity. Desperately seeking electoral support for the 2007 election, Kibaki acquiesced to ethnically based counter-pressures exerted by the dismissed ministers, and reinstated them. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 187-200 Issue: 124 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2010.483903 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2010.483903 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:124:p:187-200 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martin Plaut Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Plaut Title: South Africa -- the ANC's difficult allies Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 201-212 Issue: 124 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2010.483894 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2010.483894 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:124:p:201-212 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roberta Pellizzoli Author-X-Name-First: Roberta Author-X-Name-Last: Pellizzoli Title: ‘Green revolution’ for whom? Women's access to and use of land in the Mozambique Chókwè irrigation scheme Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 213-220 Issue: 124 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2010.483896 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2010.483896 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:124:p:213-220 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kwesi Sansculotte-Greenidge Author-X-Name-First: Kwesi Author-X-Name-Last: Sansculotte-Greenidge Title: A contest of visions: Ethiopia's 2010 election Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 221-227 Issue: 124 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2010.484124 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2010.484124 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:124:p:221-227 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cristiana Panella Author-X-Name-First: Cristiana Author-X-Name-Last: Panella Title: <italic>Patrons</italic> and <italic>petits patrons</italic>: knowledge and hierarchy in illicit networks of trade in archaeological objects in the Baniko region of Mali Abstract: This article focuses on the hierarchical relationships governing the local illicit trading networks in terracotta antiquities in the region of Baniko, in Mali. The level of authority and social control at the heart of the network lessens with each link in the chain, as a result of the monopoly and the fragmentation of knowledge. The article demonstrates that the social organisation of the network corresponds to a hierarchical <italic>habitus</italic> that ensures that the <italic>status quo</italic> of the dominant actors (urban antique dealers, rural antique dealers and intermediaries) is maintained through the economic dependence of the rural diggers, the monopoly of information and control of the network. Analysis of the first links in the network shows that action by rural intermediaries in the chain with respect to the weak links in the chain (the rural diggers) reproduces ‘micropolitics of power’ that are modelled on the same strategies of compartmentalisation of the local links, as used by the dominant actors on the rural intermediaries. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 228-237 Issue: 124 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2010.484125 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2010.484125 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:124:p:228-237 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joyce Ashuntantang Author-X-Name-First: Joyce Author-X-Name-Last: Ashuntantang Title: Scribbles from the den: essays on politics and collective memory in Cameroon Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 239-240 Issue: 124 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2010.484126 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2010.484126 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:124:p:239-240 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paul Kirkness Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Kirkness Title: France and the new imperialism. Security policy in sub-Saharan Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 241-242 Issue: 124 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2010.484129 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2010.484129 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:124:p:241-242 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mala Mustapha Author-X-Name-First: Mala Author-X-Name-Last: Mustapha Title: The quest for sustainable development and peace: the 2007 Sierra Leone elections Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 243-244 Issue: 124 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2010.484130 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2010.484130 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:124:p:243-244 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marcus Power Author-X-Name-First: Marcus Author-X-Name-Last: Power Title: Oil and politics in the Gulf of Guinea Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 245-246 Issue: 124 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2010.484131 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2010.484131 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:124:p:245-246 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gillian Hart Author-X-Name-First: Gillian Author-X-Name-Last: Hart Title: Zunami! The South African elections of 2009 Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 247-248 Issue: 124 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2010.484132 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2010.484132 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:124:p:247-248 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Derick Fay Author-X-Name-First: Derick Author-X-Name-Last: Fay Title: Landmarked: land claims and restitution in South Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 249-250 Issue: 124 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2010.484133 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2010.484133 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:124:p:249-250 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miles Larmer Author-X-Name-First: Miles Author-X-Name-Last: Larmer Title: Social movement struggles in Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 251-262 Issue: 125 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2010.510623 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2010.510623 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:125:p:251-262 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marie-Emmanuelle Pommerolle Author-X-Name-First: Marie-Emmanuelle Author-X-Name-Last: Pommerolle Title: The extraversion of protest: conditions, history and use of the ‘international’ in Africa Abstract: The growing number of international causes and an intensification in the establishment of transnational networks in Africa are expanding a chain of interdependency which links an ever-larger and more diverse set of actors from North and South. It therefore seems relevant to revisit the debates of the 1990s concerning the dependency of ‘African civil society’ with regard to the North, through the concept of ‘extraversion’ within the political spaces of sub-Saharan Africa. First, it is argued that the conditions and effects of this internationalisation of protest actors are contradictory. Access to the international sphere is subject to two forms of competition: social and political. While universally determined by socially selective skills, such access also provides a vehicle for social ascension. Meanwhile, in the specifically African context, it is the object of intense political battles, representing as such both a ‘refuge’ and a resource, as well as a new source of coercion. Secondly, it is suggested that the specific modalities of relationships between actors from North and South tend to reproduce existing inequalities, with the effect that northern models of protest (in terms of both themes and tools) ultimately win out in African spaces. Finally, similarities in modalities of implementation, in vocabulary, in the skills demanded by internationalised mobilisations, and in the political and economic reforms introduced by external actors, lead to the hypothesis that these transnational mobilisations contribute to a reforming authoritarianism, that is to say to the implementation of reforms which depoliticise social and political issues and reproduce the established order. By repositioning mobilisations with access to the international sphere within the history of African political spaces, the concept of extraversion thus allows consideration of their impact as agent of both emancipation and domination. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 263-279 Issue: 125 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2010.510633 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2010.510633 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:125:p:263-279 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marie Hrabanski Author-X-Name-First: Marie Author-X-Name-Last: Hrabanski Title: Internal dynamics, the state, and recourse to external aid: towards a historical sociology of the peasant movement inSenegal since the 1960s Abstract: The paper presents a historical sociology of the peasant movement in Senegal through three successive periods from its emergence until its internationalisation. The analysis shows that recourse to external aid has been an integral part of the Senegalese peasant movement, in that the movement has developed within a multi-level political space where the government of Senegal and external donors play a decisive role. However, the peasant movement is also a product of its own dynamics and has adjusted its strategies according to the national and international political environment. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 281-297 Issue: 125 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2010.510627 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2010.510627 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:125:p:281-297 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alexis Roy Author-X-Name-First: Alexis Author-X-Name-Last: Roy Title: Peasant struggles in Mali: from defending cotton producers’ interests to becoming part of the Malian power structures Abstract: This article describes how the organisation and representation of cotton growers in Mali developed from the mid 1970s to the current day, from the setting up of Village Associations through to the privatisation of the cotton industry. The research focused most closely on the relationships between the growers’ organisations and the state-owned cotton company, as well as on the different struggles throughout this period. It can be seen that at the same time as peasant participation was increasing, a ‘cotton elite’ also emerged. Far from reshaping the power structures operating in the cotton sector, this elite appropriated them. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 299-314 Issue: 125 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2010.510628 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2010.510628 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:125:p:299-314 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Patrick Awondo Author-X-Name-First: Patrick Author-X-Name-Last: Awondo Title: The politicisation of sexuality and rise of homosexual movements in post-colonial Cameroon Abstract: The article analyses the emergence of ‘homosexual’ organisations in Cameroon. Originating in a controversy over lists of public figures ‘presumed to be homosexual’ published in three newspapers in 2006, it explores the link between a critical political analysis of the concept of homosexuality and the emergence of the homosexual movement in Cameroon. Two main organisations, the <italic>Association pour la</italic> <italic>Défense des droits des homosexuels</italic> (the Association for the Defence of Homosexual Rights [ADEFHO]) and <italic>Alternatives-Cameroun</italic>, cover different areas of activity, one concerned with sexual rights and the other with sexual health. Their connectedness to the international systems in which such causes are categorised is analysed, and it is suggested that this connection operates as both a resource and a constraint. The role of the actors illustrates the political tensions at play: these include youth, organised collectively, who publicly reject homosexuality. The article sets out to give a critical analysis of the issues underlying this confrontation by demonstrating that it is also influenced by post-colonial tensions and their repercussions. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 315-328 Issue: 125 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2010.510624 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2010.510624 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:125:p:315-328 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Benjamin Rubbers Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin Author-X-Name-Last: Rubbers Title: Claiming workers' rights in the Democratic Republic of Congo: the case of the <italic>Collectif des ex-agents de la Gécamines</italic> Abstract: Within the context of its strategy for the reform of public companies in Africa, the World Bank became involved in redundancies of questionable legality. In the Democratic Republic of Congo, for example, the Bank arranged and financed a voluntary severance programme in 2003, whereby 10,000 employees of the mining company Gécamines, some 45% of its workforce, left in return for an arbitrarily fixed lump-sum payment. Based on ethnographic research, this paper discusses the history of the protest movement which emerged from this mass redundancy programme, the arguments deployed by the movement and the resources available to it. On the basis of this case study, the paper goes on to offer some thoughts on the conditions for social criticism in a transitional regime, heir to an authoritarian tradition of long standing, and operating under the tutelage of foreign donors. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 329-344 Issue: 125 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2010.510629 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2010.510629 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:125:p:329-344 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bénédicte Maccatory Author-X-Name-First: Bénédicte Author-X-Name-Last: Maccatory Author-Name: Makama Bawa Oumarou Author-X-Name-First: Makama Bawa Author-X-Name-Last: Oumarou Author-Name: Marc Poncelet Author-X-Name-First: Marc Author-X-Name-Last: Poncelet Title: West African social movements ‘against the high cost of living’: from the economic to the political, from the global to the national Abstract: The globalisation of the market for basic consumer goods, speculation, and the success of biofuels production all underlie a recent return to the international agenda of the issues of food security, food sovereignty and the right to food. In 2008, the ‘high cost of living’ phenomenon sparked off numerous collective, urban, African protests movements: these challenged and took the governments in power by surprise, impelling them to react in different ways. This article describes and analyses the social movements brought into being by activist organisations (including unions, human rights organisations, and consumer associations) in two countries, Niger and Burkina Faso, and demonstrates how important it is to situate the movements in local temporalities and circumstances. One of the main issues highlighted by the findings of the research is the importance of local governance issues: the measures taken in relation to the price rises were aimed more at the symptoms than at the underlying causes, and had only short-term effects. The different temporalities of world events hence played a very minor role, despite the connection of a number of the actors, especially in Niger, to the international sphere via anti-globalisation movements. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 345-359 Issue: 125 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2010.510631 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2010.510631 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:125:p:345-359 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Toby Leon Moorsom Author-X-Name-First: Toby Leon Author-X-Name-Last: Moorsom Title: The zombies of development economics: Dambisa Moyo's <italic>Dead Aid</italic> and the fictional African entrepreneurs Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 361-371 Issue: 125 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2010.510630 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2010.510630 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:125:p:361-371 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Edward Thomas Author-X-Name-First: Edward Author-X-Name-Last: Thomas Title: Sudan's 2010 elections -- victories, boycotts and the future of a peace deal Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 373-379 Issue: 125 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2010.510632 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2010.510632 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:125:p:373-379 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joe L.P. Lugalla Author-X-Name-First: Joe L.P. Author-X-Name-Last: Lugalla Title: Why planning does not work? Land use planning and residents' rights in Tanzania Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 381-386 Issue: 125 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2010.511786 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2010.511786 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:125:p:381-386 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Giuliano Martiniello Author-X-Name-First: Giuliano Author-X-Name-Last: Martiniello Title: African land questions, agrarian transitions and the state: the contradictions of neo-liberal land reforms Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 387-389 Issue: 125 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2010.511784 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2010.511784 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:125:p:387-389 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chandran Komath Author-X-Name-First: Chandran Author-X-Name-Last: Komath Title: Development and the African diaspora: place and the politics of home Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 390-391 Issue: 125 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2010.511779 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2010.511779 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:125:p:390-391 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miles Larmer Author-X-Name-First: Miles Author-X-Name-Last: Larmer Title: Becoming Zimbabwe: A history from the pre-colonial period to 2008 Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 392-393 Issue: 125 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2010.511938 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2010.511938 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:125:p:392-393 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reginald Cline-Cole Author-X-Name-First: Reginald Author-X-Name-Last: Cline-Cole Author-Name: Graham Harrison Author-X-Name-First: Graham Author-X-Name-Last: Harrison Title: It is (always) the <italic>political</italic> economy, stupid! Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 395-402 Issue: 126 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2010.530958 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2010.530958 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:126:p:395-402 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Williams Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Williams Title: Making a liberal state: ‘good governance’ in Ghana Abstract: This paper is concerned with the project of constructing a liberal state as evinced through the World Bank's policies and practices of good governance in Ghana. It argues that this project is an expression of characteristically liberal ways of thinking about the state and its relationship with its economy and society. The construction of a liberal state involves more than simply reducing the scope of state power and constraining state action through forms of accountability -- although it does involve these. It is also about the constitution of the state as a governmental agency with the capacity to enact reforms on its society -- in other words, the liberal state is one with significant autonomy and agency; and it involves the engineering of that very ‘civil society’ to which the state is to be made accountable. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 403-419 Issue: 126 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2010.530940 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2010.530940 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:126:p:403-419 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lene Bull Christiansen Author-X-Name-First: Lene Bull Author-X-Name-Last: Christiansen Title: Versions of violence: Zimbabwe's domestic violence law and symbolic politics of protection Abstract: This article argues that political uses of violence and discursive representations of violence are part of a political discourse of legitimacy in Zimbabwean politics, and that this discourse relies on a gendered power matrix in which acts of violence are depicted either as legitimate protection or as illegitimate aggression or terror. The analysis is based on public debates about domestic violence legislation and media representations of political uses of violence in 2006 and 2007. However, this is viewed as part of a longer history of political violence, entailing a symbolic politics of protection and political legitimacy, in which the protection of the nation's women figures as metonymy for ‘the people’ in need of protection. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 421-435 Issue: 126 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2010.530941 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2010.530941 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:126:p:421-435 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bashir Ali Author-X-Name-First: Bashir Author-X-Name-Last: Ali Title: Repression of Sudanese civil society under the National Islamic Front/National Congress Party Abstract: Political change in Sudan gathered momentum after 1989, with the government introducing policies of control and restriction on the one hand, and an increasing number of civil society organisations seeking to establish and legitimise their (autonomous) identity and secure their continued existence on the other. This article concentrates uniquely on Sudanese non-governmental organisations and civil society (notably community-based organisations), focusing on the regime's institutions and social organisation and social and political opposition to the regime. It shows how the Islamic movement uses religion and power to sustain and protect a political system which has lost its credibility and legitimacy among many Sudanese. The article focuses on the rise of the National Islamic Front from a small political party, through a period as the third political force after the election of 1986, to a ruling party in the wake of the military coup of 1989. It discusses structures and processes of rule under the National Islamic Front, as well as the causes leading to the failure of its own Islamic project in the country. It suggests that the rise of an Islamic movement in Sudan is itself a reflection of a decline in local or grassroots initiatives for social change, and summarises relations between the National Islamic Front and non-governmental/citizen-based organisations. It concludes that even in the absence of democracy, and under a brutal authoritarian regime, non-governmental organisations can engage effectively and contribute to social and economic change, particularly those affecting the marginalised poor, by raising issues of concern about, and promoting alternatives to, political Islam. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 437-450 Issue: 126 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2010.530942 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2010.530942 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:126:p:437-450 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amrita Narlikar Author-X-Name-First: Amrita Author-X-Name-Last: Narlikar Title: India's rise to power: where does East Africa fit in? Abstract: Considerable uncertainty surrounds the intentions and aspirations of rising powers, particularly the extent to which they are <italic>status quo</italic> or revisionist. How a new power behaves with some of the weakest members of the international system provides a useful indicator of how it will go on to behave as it emerges as a Great Power. In this paper, India's engagement with East Africa is analysed. East Africa offers a particularly rich ground for conducting such an analysis: it comprises some of the world's poorest countries with which India has had a long history of foreign relations, and has also attracted considerable involvement in recent years by China (another major power on the rise). While the central focus of the paper is on India's East Africa foreign policy, China's presence in the region offers an important point of comparison that helps us identify some of the unique features of India's pathway to power. The analysis generates several interesting findings on India's negotiation strategy as a rising power, its willingness to provide leadership, and a set of development ideas that it offers as a potential alternative to not just the Washington Consensus but also the Beijing Consensus. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 451-464 Issue: 126 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2010.530943 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2010.530943 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:126:p:451-464 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gerard McCann Author-X-Name-First: Gerard Author-X-Name-Last: McCann Title: Ties that bind or binds that tie? India's African engagements and the political economy of Kenya Abstract: This paper analyses contemporary non-Western engagement with Africa through the lens of the second most significant, but surprisingly neglected, ‘Asian driver’ -- India. Much of the literature on India's renewed interest in Africa is panoramic, highlighting concepts of ‘South--South’ cooperation in ways relatively uncritical of continued Indian claims to the Nehruvian moral high ground in the developing world. This article, by contrast, focuses on critical realities of India's relations with a single country -- Kenya, a nation with which India has had ostensibly close links due to the historic presence of South Asian communities in the region. It critiques notions that ‘diasporic’ ties between India and Kenya facilitate contemporary Indian economic ambitions. Rather, the paper argues, fractious historical race relations in Kenya, and the cynosure of ‘African’ homogenisation of ‘Asians’ within an ‘ethnicised’ post-colonial political economy, might partially impede Indian ambitions relative to capital-rich foreign suitors devoid of such historical baggage. The second major argument holds that the specific state-led imperatives of much economic liaison within Kenya today favour certain ‘partners’ with statist investment models in contrast to India's more explicit, but not absolute, private sector-led engagement. Most importantly, analysis within a localised African context points to African agency in encounters with the ‘Asian drivers’, a term implying a certain unidirectional power flow. The competitive interest of a range of ‘new’ suitors has allowed African leaders, not least in Kenya as this paper suggests, unprecedented choice in international negotiations. The danger, however, is that these new liaisons can reify divisive socio-political conflicts in which many African nations are mired. This appears to be pertinent to Kenya where strains within the elite political sphere are being somewhat exacerbated by foreign investment, particularly from China and the Arab world. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 465-482 Issue: 126 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2010.530944 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2010.530944 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:126:p:465-482 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cyril Obi Author-X-Name-First: Cyril Author-X-Name-Last: Obi Title: Oil as the ‘curse’ of conflict in Africa: peering through the smoke and mirrors Abstract: This article interrogates the framing of the resource curse as a central causal mechanism in the resource abundance--conflict nexus in Africa. It is argued that explaining such conflicts on the basis of the ways natural resources either act as an incentive/motive for rebel groups, or erode and weaken states, does not adequately capture the complex histories, dimensions and transnational linkages to civil conflict in Africa. The article lays bare the attempts by a hegemonic discourse to obfuscate the reality of the fundamental and transnational underpinnings of the resource--conflict nexus. It is argued that the resource curse perspective cannot fully explain conflict in African oil states, and rather, a case is made for an alternative model based on radical political economy which lays bare the class relations, contradictions and conflicts rooted in the subordination of the continent and its resources to transnational processes and elites embedded in globalised capitalist relations. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 483-495 Issue: 126 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2010.530947 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2010.530947 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:126:p:483-495 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lionel Cliffe Author-X-Name-First: Lionel Author-X-Name-Last: Cliffe Title: Basil Davidson (1915--2010): a tribute Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 497-500 Issue: 126 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2010.539051 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2010.539051 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:126:p:497-500 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lionel Cliffe Author-X-Name-First: Lionel Author-X-Name-Last: Cliffe Title: Ken Coates (1930--2010) Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 501-501 Issue: 126 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2010.539053 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2010.539053 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:126:p:501-501 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rick Rowden Author-X-Name-First: Rick Author-X-Name-Last: Rowden Title: Poverty reduction is not development Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 503-516 Issue: 126 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2010.530949 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2010.530949 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:126:p:503-516 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ndinwane Byekwaso Author-X-Name-First: Ndinwane Author-X-Name-Last: Byekwaso Title: Poverty in Uganda Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 517-525 Issue: 126 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2010.530950 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2010.530950 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:126:p:517-525 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Franklin Charles Graham Author-X-Name-First: Franklin Charles Author-X-Name-Last: Graham Title: What the Nigerien <italic>coup d'état</italic> means to the world Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 527-532 Issue: 126 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2010.530951 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2010.530951 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:126:p:527-532 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mehmet Ozkan Author-X-Name-First: Mehmet Author-X-Name-Last: Ozkan Title: What drives Turkey's involvement in Africa? Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 533-540 Issue: 126 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2010.530952 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2010.530952 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:126:p:533-540 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Manuela Honegger Author-X-Name-First: Manuela Author-X-Name-Last: Honegger Title: The threat of race: reflections on racial neoliberalism Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 541-542 Issue: 126 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2010.530953 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2010.530953 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:126:p:541-542 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pádraig Carmody Author-X-Name-First: Pádraig Author-X-Name-Last: Carmody Title: Snakes in Paradise: NGOs and the Aid Industry in Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 543-544 Issue: 126 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2010.530954 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2010.530954 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:126:p:543-544 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Giuliano Martiniello Author-X-Name-First: Giuliano Author-X-Name-Last: Martiniello Title: Dispossession and access to land in South Africa: an African perspective Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 545-546 Issue: 126 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2010.530955 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2010.530955 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:126:p:545-546 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ray Bush Author-X-Name-First: Ray Author-X-Name-Last: Bush Title: Mining in Africa: regulation and development Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 547-548 Issue: 126 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2010.530956 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2010.530956 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:126:p:547-548 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dan Connell Author-X-Name-First: Dan Author-X-Name-Last: Connell Title: Critical reflections on the Eritrean war of independence: social capital, associational life, religion, ethnicity and sowing seeds of dictatorship Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 549-552 Issue: 126 Volume: 37 Year: 2010 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2010.530957 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2010.530957 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:37:y:2010:i:126:p:549-552 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Graham Harrison Author-X-Name-First: Graham Author-X-Name-Last: Harrison Title: Poverty reduction and the chronically rich Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 1-6 Issue: 127 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.553355 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.553355 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:127:p:1-6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dereje Feyissa Author-X-Name-First: Dereje Author-X-Name-Last: Feyissa Title: The political economy of salt in the Afar Regional State in northeast Ethiopia Abstract: The Afar people are one of the most marginalised groups of people in the Horn of Africa. Politically they are fragmented into three countries -- Ethiopia, Djibouti and Eritrea -- and economically successive governments and more powerful neighbours have appropriated their fertile riverine lands. The economic and political marginalisation of the Afar in Ethiopia has continued even since the establishment of a federal system and the subsequent creation of the Afar Regional State in 1991. The paper chronicles and analyses the process of marginalisation of the Afar through a case study of the political economy of the recently discovered salt reserve at Lake Afdera, its impact on the derailment of Ethiopia's iodisation programme, and the associated public health risks. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 7-21 Issue: 127 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.552596 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.552596 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:127:p:7-21 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bernd E.T. Mueller Author-X-Name-First: Bernd E.T. Author-X-Name-Last: Mueller Title: The agrarian question in Tanzania: using new evidence to reconcile an old debate Abstract: Rural poverty continues to be one of the most trenchant development problems in Tanzania, and yet no comprehensive solution has been found. In this paper it is argued that without a fundamental understanding of the agrarian question, any attempt to derive meaningful conclusions on rural development is doomed to be incomprehensive and incomplete. The paper traces back the roots of this important scholarly exchange of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, as well as summarising the resulting debate mainly between the neo-populist school and Marxian political economy. It then goes on to outline how this original understanding of the agrarian question extended to and influenced the contemporary rural development discourse, which however widely misrepresented the original contributions and created an illustrious array of antagonistic and inconclusive approaches that culminated in the recent World Development Report 2008: <italic>Agriculture for development</italic>. This theoretical discussion is framed and exemplified by the case of rural development, labour market participation and poverty in the West Usambara Mountains, Tanzania. Primary survey data collected by the author in 2008 is employed to analyse the current state of the farmers, their engagement in labour markets as well as ongoing processes of class differentiation. Returning to the initial debate, an attempt to link these current realities with the overall outlook for Tanzanian development is provided. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 23-42 Issue: 127 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.552589 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.552589 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:127:p:23-42 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Franklin Obeng-Odoom Author-X-Name-First: Franklin Author-X-Name-Last: Obeng-Odoom Title: Ill health unleashed? Cities and municipal services in Ghana Abstract: Increasing urbanisation, wealth and ill health in cities necessitate careful study, especially in African cities whose development is widely regarded as rapid and chaotic. Using Ghanaian cities as a case study, this article analyses some of the important sources of ill health, identifies why they persist, and assesses how they impinge on economic growth, redistribution, and poverty reduction. It argues that, although there is considerable evidence that policy change is urgently needed, the tensions and contradictions between economic and social efficiency, intermeshed with vested political interests, are likely to impede significant changes to the <italic>status quo</italic>. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 43-60 Issue: 127 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.552568 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.552568 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:127:p:43-60 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luke Sinwell Author-X-Name-First: Luke Author-X-Name-Last: Sinwell Title: Is ‘another world’ really possible? Re-examining counter-hegemonic forces in post-apartheid South Africa Abstract: A wide body of scholarly literature on social movements on an international level emphatically, but uncritically, declares that ‘another world is possible’. This paper investigates this trend and its implications for political and academic practice in post-apartheid South Africa, where community-based movements have emerged primarily in order to access basic services. In particular, it highlights the pivotal role that the state and poor people's immediate basic needs play in limiting social movements' contribution towards a transformative development agenda. Paying close attention to poor people's struggles and needs, the paper argues that there is a sharp disjuncture between the ideologies manufactured by academics, and the worldviews that the working class and poor possess. It concludes by providing insight into the possibilities for post-apartheid political struggles -- praxis -- to lead to the formation of class consciousness and to a formidable challenge to neoliberalism. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 61-76 Issue: 127 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.552588 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.552588 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:127:p:61-76 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John S. Saul Author-X-Name-First: John S. Author-X-Name-Last: Saul Title: Introduction to the theme Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 77-83 Issue: 127 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.552606 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.552606 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:127:p:77-83 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Sogge Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Sogge Title: Angola: reinventing pasts and futures Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 85-92 Issue: 127 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.552678 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.552678 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:127:p:85-92 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John S. Saul Author-X-Name-First: John S. Author-X-Name-Last: Saul Title: Mozambique -- not then but now Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 93-101 Issue: 127 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.552682 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.552682 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:127:p:93-101 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Henning Melber Author-X-Name-First: Henning Author-X-Name-Last: Melber Title: Namibia: a trust betrayed -- again? Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 103-111 Issue: 127 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.552686 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.552686 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:127:p:103-111 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Patrick Bond Author-X-Name-First: Patrick Author-X-Name-Last: Bond Title: South African splinters: from ‘elite transition’ to ‘small-a alliances’ Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 113-121 Issue: 127 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.552690 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.552690 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:127:p:113-121 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Richard Saunders Author-X-Name-First: Richard Author-X-Name-Last: Saunders Title: Zimbabwe: liberation nationalism -- old and born-again Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 123-134 Issue: 127 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.552695 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.552695 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:127:p:123-134 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gary Littlejohn Author-X-Name-First: Gary Author-X-Name-Last: Littlejohn Title: The end of the oil gambit: economic contraction and Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 135-142 Issue: 127 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.552701 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.552701 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:127:p:135-142 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: William Vlcek Author-X-Name-First: William Author-X-Name-Last: Vlcek Title: Offshore finance in Ghana: why not? Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 143-149 Issue: 127 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.552704 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.552704 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:127:p:143-149 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Claire Ceruti Author-X-Name-First: Claire Author-X-Name-Last: Ceruti Title: The hidden element in the 2010 public-sector strike in South Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 151-157 Issue: 127 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.552754 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.552754 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:127:p:151-157 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yasmine M. Ahmed Author-X-Name-First: Yasmine M. Author-X-Name-Last: Ahmed Author-Name: Reem Saad Author-X-Name-First: Reem Author-X-Name-Last: Saad Title: Interview with Shahenda Maklad Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 159-167 Issue: 127 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.552762 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.552762 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:127:p:159-167 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cristiana Panella Author-X-Name-First: Cristiana Author-X-Name-Last: Panella Title: Report on conference of European Association of Social Anthropologists, Maynooth, Ireland, 24--28 August 2010 Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 169-173 Issue: 127 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.552763 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.552763 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:127:p:169-173 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ignasio Malizani Jimu Author-X-Name-First: Ignasio Malizani Author-X-Name-Last: Jimu Title: Identity economics: social networks and the informal economy in Nigeria Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 175-176 Issue: 127 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.552774 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.552774 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:127:p:175-176 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ben Richardson Author-X-Name-First: Ben Author-X-Name-Last: Richardson Title: Global agro-food trade and standards: challenges for Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 177-178 Issue: 127 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.552778 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.552778 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:127:p:177-178 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lionel Cliffe Author-X-Name-First: Lionel Author-X-Name-Last: Cliffe Title: Agricultural land redistribution: toward greater consensus Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 179-180 Issue: 127 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.552784 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.552784 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:127:p:179-180 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Wilkin Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Wilkin Title: Empire, development and colonialism: the past in the present Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 181-182 Issue: 127 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.552785 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.552785 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:127:p:181-182 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Usman Tar Author-X-Name-First: Usman Author-X-Name-Last: Tar Title: Moolaadé Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 183-184 Issue: 127 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.552787 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.552787 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:127:p:183-184 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jasna Dragovic-Soso Author-X-Name-First: Jasna Author-X-Name-Last: Dragovic-Soso Title: Peace versus justice? The dilemma of transitional justice in Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 185-186 Issue: 127 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.556001 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.556001 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:127:p:185-186 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ray Bush Author-X-Name-First: Ray Author-X-Name-Last: Bush Author-Name: Janet Bujra Author-X-Name-First: Janet Author-X-Name-Last: Bujra Author-Name: Gary Littlejohn Author-X-Name-First: Gary Author-X-Name-Last: Littlejohn Title: The accumulation of dispossession Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 187-192 Issue: 128 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.582752 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.582752 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:128:p:187-192 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ruth Hall Author-X-Name-First: Ruth Author-X-Name-Last: Hall Title: Land grabbing in Southern Africa: the many faces of the investor rush Abstract: The popular term ‘land grabbing’, while effective as activist terminology, obscures vast differences in the legality, structure and outcomes of commercial land deals and deflects attention from the roles of domestic elites and governments as partners, intermediaries and beneficiaries. This paper summarises initial evidence of the characteristics of recent acquisitions of public lands and land held under customary tenure in Southern Africa, and their distribution across the region. It draws attention to their diverse manifestations -- to questions of size, duration and source of the investments; the commodities and business models through which they are implemented; the tenure arrangements and resources accessed; the terms of leases and compensation; the degree of displacement; labour regimes and employment creation; and changes in settlement and infrastructure. The article proposes a schematic analytical framework for distinguishing between different types of land deals and considers the implications for unfolding and future trajectories of agrarian change. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 193-214 Issue: 128 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.582753 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.582753 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:128:p:193-214 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Saturnino M. Borras Author-X-Name-First: Saturnino M. Author-X-Name-Last: Borras Author-Name: David Fig Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Fig Author-Name: Sofía Monsalve Suárez Author-X-Name-First: Sofía Monsalve Author-X-Name-Last: Suárez Title: The politics of agrofuels and mega-land and water deals: insights from the ProCana case, Mozambique Abstract: This paper examines the politics of large-scale commercial biofuels production and mega-land--water deals, with special reference to the dynamics of changes in land/water use and property rights and how these impact on the lives and livelihoods of the socio-economically marginalised rural sectors in the countryside. The main argument is that the assumption about existing, available marginal lands is fundamentally flawed. It is demonstrated by examining the ProCana sugar cane ethanol plantation in Gaza province in Mozambique. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 215-234 Issue: 128 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.582758 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.582758 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:128:p:215-234 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lars Buur Author-X-Name-First: Lars Author-X-Name-Last: Buur Author-Name: Carlota Mondlane Author-X-Name-First: Carlota Author-X-Name-Last: Mondlane Author-Name: Obede Baloi Author-X-Name-First: Obede Author-X-Name-Last: Baloi Title: Strategic privatisation: rehabilitating the Mozambican sugar industry Abstract: This article argues that the rehabilitation of the sugar industry in Mozambique cannot be understood without including the active role played by the state and government. It focuses on key aspects of why and how the Mozambican sugar industry was rehabilitated after 1996 with and through foreign direct investments. It challenges the externalist literature on Mozambique that has commonly argued that all policy decisions are enforced by the pressure of well-meaning donors and/or ignorant international financial institutions preparing the ground for large international corporations through neoliberal policies, privatisation and structural adjustment programmes. There can be no doubt that donors in general, international financial institutions, and international capital have had and continue to have considerable influence over economic and industrial policy in Mozambique, but externalist accounts of various persuasions have limitations and tend to present accounts of the Mozambican state and government solely as victims instead of active players. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 235-256 Issue: 128 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.582762 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.582762 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:128:p:235-256 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sam Moyo Author-X-Name-First: Sam Author-X-Name-Last: Moyo Title: Land concentration and accumulation after redistributive reform in post-settler Zimbabwe Abstract: Zimbabwe's recent fast-track land reform was redistributive, but it retained significant enclaves of large-scale agro-industrial estates owned by transnational, domestic and state capital, despite unfulfilled popular and domestic elite demands for land. Such estates were encouraged by the state to produce agro-fuel (ethanol from sugar), sugar, tea, coffee, timber and citrus, with wildlife ranching for domestic and export markets, alongside expanded small food producers. This outcome reflects the unresolved contradictions of seeking autonomous development in the context of sanctions, domestic political polarisation and declining agricultural production, while promoting reintegration into broader world markets. Neoliberal policies replaced <italic>dirigisme</italic> by 2008 to promote stabilisation and agricultural recovery but with limited impact. Foreign agricultural investment in Zimbabwe is nonetheless atypical of the current neoliberal land grabbing in Africa, since Zimbabwe reversed past inequalities and retains some state autonomy, and residual land concentration remains contested. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 257-276 Issue: 128 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.582763 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.582763 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:128:p:257-276 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Oarhe Osumah Author-X-Name-First: Oarhe Author-X-Name-Last: Osumah Author-Name: Iro Aghedo Author-X-Name-First: Iro Author-X-Name-Last: Aghedo Title: Who wants to be a millionaire? Nigerian youths and the commodification of kidnapping Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 277-287 Issue: 128 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.582769 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.582769 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:128:p:277-287 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Delphine Abadie Author-X-Name-First: Delphine Author-X-Name-Last: Abadie Title: Canada and the geopolitics of mining interests: a case study of the Democratic Republic of Congo Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 289-302 Issue: 128 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.583124 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.583124 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:128:p:289-302 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ray Bush Author-X-Name-First: Ray Author-X-Name-Last: Bush Title: Egypt: a permanent revolution? Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 303-307 Issue: 128 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.582764 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.582764 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:128:p:303-307 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marion Dixon Author-X-Name-First: Marion Author-X-Name-Last: Dixon Title: An Arab spring Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 309-316 Issue: 128 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.582766 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.582766 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:128:p:309-316 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alan Nicol Author-X-Name-First: Alan Author-X-Name-Last: Nicol Author-Name: Ana Elisa Cascão Author-X-Name-First: Ana Elisa Author-X-Name-Last: Cascão Title: Against the flow -- new power dynamics and upstream mobilisation in the Nile Basin Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 317-325 Issue: 128 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.582767 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.582767 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:128:p:317-325 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Glenn Brigaldino Author-X-Name-First: Glenn Author-X-Name-Last: Brigaldino Title: Elections in the imperial periphery: Ethiopia hijacked Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 327-334 Issue: 128 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.582768 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.582768 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:128:p:327-334 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael Walls Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Walls Author-Name: Steve Kibble Author-X-Name-First: Steve Author-X-Name-Last: Kibble Title: Somaliland: progress, state and outsiders Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 335-343 Issue: 128 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.583125 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.583125 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:128:p:335-343 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Grasian Mkodzongi Author-X-Name-First: Grasian Author-X-Name-Last: Mkodzongi Title: Land, liberation and compromise in Southern Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 345-346 Issue: 128 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.552767 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.552767 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:128:p:345-346 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lionel Cliffe Author-X-Name-First: Lionel Author-X-Name-Last: Cliffe Title: Zimbabwe's land reform: myths & realities Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 347-349 Issue: 128 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.563959 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.563959 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:128:p:347-349 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gisa Weszkalnys Author-X-Name-First: Gisa Author-X-Name-Last: Weszkalnys Title: The governance of daily life in Africa: ethnographic explorations of public and collective services Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 350-351 Issue: 128 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.563960 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.563960 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:128:p:350-351 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Angela Joya Author-X-Name-First: Angela Author-X-Name-Last: Joya Title: The Arab state and neoliberal globalization: the restructuring of state power in the Middle East Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 352-353 Issue: 128 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.563961 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.563961 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:128:p:352-353 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Colin Darch Author-X-Name-First: Colin Author-X-Name-Last: Darch Title: BOOK REVIEW Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 354-356 Issue: 128 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.563962 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.563962 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:128:p:354-356 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ray Bush Author-X-Name-First: Ray Author-X-Name-Last: Bush Author-Name: Giuliano Martiniello Author-X-Name-First: Giuliano Author-X-Name-Last: Martiniello Author-Name: Claire Mercer Author-X-Name-First: Claire Author-X-Name-Last: Mercer Title: Humanitarian imperialism Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 357-365 Issue: 129 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.602539 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.602539 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:129:p:357-365 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Angela Joya Author-X-Name-First: Angela Author-X-Name-Last: Joya Title: The Egyptian revolution: crisis of neoliberalism and the potential for democratic politics Abstract: This paper argues that the Egyptian revolution of 25 January 2011 has to be understood in the context of neoliberal economic shift. The two decades of economic liberalisation policies were accompanied by authoritarianism while at the same time these policies opened up opportunities for crony capitalism. Post Mubarak Egypt has witnessed positive developments such as the rise of political parties, independent trade union federations and other social groups aiming to participate in rebuilding a democratic society. The paper explores the potentials for, and challenges against, building a democratic society in Egypt. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 367-386 Issue: 129 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.602544 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.602544 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:129:p:367-386 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rabab El-Mahdi Author-X-Name-First: Rabab Author-X-Name-Last: El-Mahdi Title: Labour protests in Egypt: causes and meanings Abstract: Egypt has experienced a wave of unprecedented labour protests since December 2006. Refuting moral economy and rational choice arguments as a basis for understanding labour unrest in Egypt, this paper argues that this wave of protests is an outcome of the rupture of the hegemonic ruling pact governing Egypt since 1952. As such, this movement, which includes both industrial workers as well as white-collar state employees, should be interpreted beyond its immediate material demands. Rather, the paper argues, the changing constituency, tactics, and internal organisation of the movement all point to the potential role that it can play in further eroding the corporatist--authoritarian structure governing state-society relations in Egypt. The paper concludes that this movement might be carrying the potential for wider democratisation. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 387-402 Issue: 129 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.598342 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.598342 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:129:p:387-402 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sami Zemni Author-X-Name-First: Sami Author-X-Name-Last: Zemni Author-Name: Koenraad Bogaert Author-X-Name-First: Koenraad Author-X-Name-Last: Bogaert Title: Urban renewal and social development in Morocco in an age of neoliberal government Abstract: In this article we argue that Morocco has experienced fundamental political change over the past decades. This transition however cannot be understood in terms provided by the mainstream narratives linking economic liberalisation to democratisation. Rather, transition reflects a shift towards authoritarian modalities of neoliberal government. We focus on how political power has been reconfigured into new forms of ‘hybrid’ government where ‘state’, ‘market’ and ‘civil society’ interact in novel ways, by discussing the political dynamics of high-end urban development and the rationales underpinning social development policies to explain how ‘poor people’ are integrated into the realm of the market. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 403-417 Issue: 129 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.603180 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.603180 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:129:p:403-417 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dan Connell Author-X-Name-First: Dan Author-X-Name-Last: Connell Title: From resistance to governance: Eritrea's trouble with transition Abstract: Nation-building in Africa was hobbled by the inheritance of centralised, authoritarian ‘states’ prior to the consolidation of nations within them. Armed liberation movements overcame this to some degree by constructing common identities out of the struggle to throw off foreign rule. Yet the degree and kind of control inherent in such a militarised project fuelled despotism in the post-war state. Eritrea seemed to break this mould, with its high level of popular participation in its war effort, its engagement in social transformation during the fighting, and the participatory constitution-building process that followed its victory. Yet less than a decade on, the liberation front shut down the press, jailed its critics, and turned the country into a political prison. This article will situate this reversal within the transition from colony to independent state, explore its specific characteristics, and consider the prospects for a more democratic outcome. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 419-433 Issue: 129 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.598343 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.598343 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:129:p:419-433 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lone Riisgaard Author-X-Name-First: Lone Author-X-Name-Last: Riisgaard Title: Towards more stringent sustainability standards? Trends in the cut flower industry Abstract: Sustainability initiatives have proliferated in many industries in recent years. This has led to an increasing number of standards that exist in parallel seeking to address more or less the same social and environmental issues. In this paper I explore whether parallelism has spurred a race to the bottom in flower standards seeking to regulate social conditions in the production of cut flowers aimed at the European Union market. The analysis suggests that while less stringent standards still dominate, so-called higher bar standards are gaining importance, as is the active inclusion of local non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and trade unions in monitoring standard compliance -- a practice which potentially could allow standards to address more locally embedded and hidden problems like for example discrimination or lack of freedom of association. Nevertheless, less stringent standards still predominate and although an ongoing multi-stakeholder harmonisation initiative has real potential to ‘scale up’ more stringent standards, so far it has mainly benefited developed -- not developing -- country growers and workers. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 435-453 Issue: 129 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.598344 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.598344 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:129:p:435-453 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Janot Mendler de Suarez Author-X-Name-First: Janot Author-X-Name-Last: Mendler de Suarez Title: Achieving equitable water use in the Nile Basin: time to refocus the discourse on collective human security? Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 455-466 Issue: 129 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.602545 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.602545 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:129:p:455-466 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Habib Ayeb Author-X-Name-First: Habib Author-X-Name-Last: Ayeb Title: Social and political geography of the Tunisian revolution: the alfa grass revolution Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 467-479 Issue: 129 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.604250 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.604250 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:129:p:467-479 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Patrick Bond Author-X-Name-First: Patrick Author-X-Name-Last: Bond Title: Neoliberal threats to North Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 481-495 Issue: 129 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.602546 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.602546 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:129:p:481-495 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roy Love Author-X-Name-First: Roy Author-X-Name-Last: Love Title: Development without freedom: how aid underwrites repression in Ethiopia Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 497-498 Issue: 129 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.598645 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.598645 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:129:p:497-498 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael Seifu Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Seifu Title: Famine and foreigners: Ethiopia since Live Aid Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 499-500 Issue: 129 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.598646 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.598646 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:129:p:499-500 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carl Death Author-X-Name-First: Carl Author-X-Name-Last: Death Title: Popular politics and resistance movements in South Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 501-503 Issue: 129 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.598647 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.598647 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:129:p:501-503 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Robbie Shilliam Author-X-Name-First: Robbie Author-X-Name-Last: Shilliam Title: Creating memorials, building identities: the politics of memory in the Black Atlantic Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 504-505 Issue: 129 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.598648 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.598648 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:129:p:504-505 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vincent Duclos Author-X-Name-First: Vincent Author-X-Name-Last: Duclos Title: The rise of China and India in Africa: challenges, opportunities and critical interventions Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 506-507 Issue: 129 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.598649 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.598649 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:129:p:506-507 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Abdi Ismail Samatar Author-X-Name-First: Abdi Ismail Author-X-Name-Last: Samatar Title: The early morning phone call: Somali refugees' remittances Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 508-509 Issue: 129 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.598650 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.598650 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:129:p:508-509 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Øystein H. Rolandsen Author-X-Name-First: Øystein H. Author-X-Name-Last: Rolandsen Title: A quick fix? A retrospective analysis of the Sudan Comprehensive Peace Agreement Abstract: Critics decry the 2005 peace agreement between the government of the Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement as incomplete, a result of the desire of external actors for a quick solution that is neither truly comprehensive nor sustainable. Through a chronological analysis of the peace process between 2000 and 2005, this article demonstrates that the scope for compromise was limited and that a significantly ‘better’ deal was unlikely. The article's ambition is to present a concise and empirically grounded analysis of the peace process and to lay foundations for further investigation of a crucial, contested and complicated subject in Sudan's recent history. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 551-564 Issue: 130 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.630869 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.630869 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:130:p:551-564 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Simon Weldehaimanot Author-X-Name-First: Simon Author-X-Name-Last: Weldehaimanot Author-Name: Emily Taylor Author-X-Name-First: Emily Author-X-Name-Last: Taylor Title: <italic>Our struggle and its goals</italic>: a controversial Eritrean manifesto Abstract: Written in 1971 in one of Eritrea's languages, <italic>Our struggle and its goals</italic> is a controversial manifesto in Eritrea's political history. For some Eritreans, it is a malevolent document that has produced an unexpected sectarian project with disastrous consequences. For others, it is one of the best political documents ever written in the history of the Eritrean struggle. In any case, it is significant to scholarship especially to those who care about nation-building in ethnically and politically diverse societies. To make it easily available to researchers, an English translation is provided, following a short explanatory note. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 565-585 Issue: 130 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.630870 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.630870 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:130:p:565-585 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Franklin Charles Graham Author-X-Name-First: Franklin Charles Author-X-Name-Last: Graham Title: Abductions, kidnappings and killings in the Sahel and Sahara Abstract: Hostage-takings in North and West Africa are nothing new. What is new is the assigning of blame to al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) and the level of resources Western powers commit to fighting AQIM and other extremists in the region. History shows that the simplified ill-defined fear of a united Islamic front against the West was unfounded. Today, however, Westerners continue to view the motivations behind such actions without considering three fundamental issues. First, who should, or can, effectively ‘govern’ the Sahara and its fringes. Second, by defining the problems as a rising pan-Islamic front, the implementation of hard-power tactics is not questioned. Finally, any consideration of the long-term disparities in the region is postponed in lieu of dealing with hostage-takings or attacks on Western targets. In reality the Sahara and Sahel are contested territories. Ideological and personal divisions are numerous. AQIM and other Jihadi Salafist movements are not popular with the regions' inhabitants. Most practice Sufi forms of Islam which are distant from such extremism. There is little attention to identifying the problems of poverty, creating state integration, and solving the problems that arise from foreign intervention. With the agenda of national leaders and/or international actors focusing on fighting terrorism or mineral resource extraction, a few inhabitants in the region kidnap foreign nationals for ideological reasons, quick money or both. The potential for hostage-taking for money is, at best, a tenuous strategy for the few. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 587-604 Issue: 130 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.630871 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.630871 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:130:p:587-604 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gary Littlejohn Author-X-Name-First: Gary Author-X-Name-Last: Littlejohn Title: Differing voices Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 605-605 Issue: 130 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.630873 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.630873 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:130:p:605-605 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carin Runciman Author-X-Name-First: Carin Author-X-Name-Last: Runciman Title: Questioning resistance in post-apartheid South Africa: a response to Luke Sinwell Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 607-614 Issue: 130 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.630872 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.630872 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:130:p:607-614 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Williams Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Williams Title: Governing sustainable development: partnerships, protests and power at the World Summit Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 653-654 Issue: 130 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.631328 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.631328 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:130:p:653-654 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zach Warner Author-X-Name-First: Zach Author-X-Name-Last: Warner Title: Africa's World War: Congo, the Rwandan genocide, and the making of a continental catastrophe Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 655-656 Issue: 130 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.631329 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.631329 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:130:p:655-656 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Björn Beckman Author-X-Name-First: Björn Author-X-Name-Last: Beckman Title: A paradox of victory: COSATU and the democratic transformation in South Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 657-659 Issue: 130 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.631330 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.631330 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:130:p:657-659 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sevidzem Stephen Kingah Author-X-Name-First: Sevidzem Stephen Author-X-Name-Last: Kingah Title: Trade relations between the EU and Africa: development, challenges and options beyond the Cotonou Agreement Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 660-661 Issue: 130 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.631331 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.631331 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:130:p:660-661 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Moore Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Moore Title: Money and power: the great predators in the political economy of development Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 662-663 Issue: 130 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.631332 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.631332 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:130:p:662-663 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Colin McInnes Author-X-Name-First: Colin Author-X-Name-Last: McInnes Title: HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa: politics, aid and globalization Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 664-665 Issue: 130 Volume: 38 Year: 2011 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2011.631333 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2011.631333 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:38:y:2011:i:130:p:664-665 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alfred Zack-Williams Author-X-Name-First: Alfred Author-X-Name-Last: Zack-Williams Title: Five decades on: some reflections on 50 years of Africa's independence Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 1-10 Issue: 131 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.662756 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.662756 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:131:p:1-10 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bernard Ugochukwu Nwosu Author-X-Name-First: Bernard Ugochukwu Author-X-Name-Last: Nwosu Title: Tracks of the third wave: democracy theory, democratisation and the dilemma of political succession in Africa Abstract: The sweep of the third-wave moment of democratic impulses through Africa saw mass movements against authoritarian rule and the demand for liberalisation of political spaces. Ruling-group compromises and promises of democratisation diluted the fervour of this demand. Conservative interests captured the process by creating formal institutions of political competition but without corresponding necessary conditions for democracy. They set up regimes of political succession that rendered the political field a closed space. National trends in succession are linked to the discursive paradigm that underpins third-wave democratisation. Selected studies of succession in African states indicate trends towards illegitimate and unpopular self-succession, hereditary trends, the appointment of proxies and only a few instances of emerging liberal democratic regimes. The dominance of perverse third-wave trajectories in Africa points to the inadequacy of the minimalist epistemology upon which the idea of the third wave is based. [Traces de la troisième vague: la théorie de la démocratie, la démocratisation et le dilemme de la succession politique en Afrique]. La marche de la troisième vague d'impulsions démocratiques à travers l'Afrique a engendré des mouvements de masse contre le régime autoritaire et la demande de libéralisation des espaces politiques. Des compromis de la classe dirigeante et des promesses de démocratisation ont dilué la ferveur de cette demande. Des intérêts conservateurs ont capturé le processus en créant des institutions formelles de compétition politique, mais sans les conditions correspondantes nécessaires à la démocratie. Ils mettent en place des régimes de succession politique qui ont rendu le champ politique un espace clos. Les tendances nationales de succession sont liées au paradigme discursif qui sous-tend la troisième vague de démocratisation. Les études sélectionnées de succession dans les états africains indiquent une tendance à la succession illégitime et impopulaire de soi-même, les tendances héréditaires, la nomination des mandataires et quelques cas seulement de nouveaux régimes de démocratie libérale. La prédominance des trajectoires perverses de la troisième vague en Afrique souligne l'insuffisance de l'épistémologie minimaliste sur lequel l'idée de la troisième vague est fondée. <bold>Mots-clés</bold>: troisième vague; démocratization; procédure; substantive; succession; élection Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 11-25 Issue: 131 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.658717 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.658717 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:131:p:11-25 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zubairu Wai Author-X-Name-First: Zubairu Author-X-Name-Last: Wai Title: Neo-patrimonialism and the discourse of state failure in Africa Abstract: This paper is a critical interrogation of the dominant Africanist discourse on African state forms and its relationship with what is seen as pervasive state failure on the continent. Through an examination of the neo-patrimonialist literature on African states, this paper argues that what informs such problematic scholarship, inscribed on the conceptual and analytical landscape of the Weberian ideal-typical conception of state rationality is a vulgar universalism that tends to disregard specific historical experiences while subsuming them under the totalitarian grip of a Eurocentric unilinear evolutionist logic. The narrative that such scholarship produces not only constructs a mechanistic conception of state rationality based on the experience of the Western liberal state as the expression of the universal, but also denies the specificity of the continent's historical experience, by either denying its independent conceptual existence or vulgarising its social and political formations and realities, dismissing them as aberrant, deviant, deformed and of lesser quality. Immanent in this move is the ideological effacement and the rendering invisible, hence the normalisation of the relational and structural logic, of past histories of colonial domination and contemporary imperial power relations within which the states in Africa have been historically constituted and continue to be reconstituted and reimagined. When exactly does a state fail, the paper asks. Could what is defined as state failure actually be part of the processes of state formation or reconfiguration, which are misrecognised or misinterpreted because of the poverty of Africanist social science and ethnocentric biases of the particular lenses used to understand them? [Le néo-patrimonialisme et le discours de la défaillance de l'état en Afrique ]. Cet article est une interrogation critique du discours africaniste dominant sur les formes d'état africain et sa relation avec ce qui est considéré comme une défaillance persistante de l'état sur le continent. A travers un examen de la littérature néo-patrimonialiste sur les états africains, cet article soutient que ce qui est à la base de ces savoirs problématiques, inscrit dans le paysage conceptuel et analytique de la conception idéal-typique wébérienne de la rationalité étatique, est un universalisme vulgaire qui tend à ignorer les expériences historiques spécifiques tout en les subsumant sous l'emprise totalitaire d'une logique évolutionniste unilinéaire euro-centrique. Le récit que ces études permet de produire non seulement construit une conception mécaniste de la rationalité étatique basée sur l'expérience de l'état libéral occidental comme l'expression de l'universel, mais aussi nie la spécificité de l'expérience historique du continent soit en niant son existence indépendante conceptuelle, ou en vulgarisant ses formations et ses réalités sociales et politiques, les rejetant comme aberrantes, déviantes, difformes et de moindre qualité. Immanent dans ce mouvement sont l'effacement idéologique et le rendement invisible qui conduisent à la normalisation de la logique relationnelle et structurelle des histoires passées de la domination coloniale et des relations contemporaine de pouvoir impériale, dans laquelle les états en Afrique ont été historiquement constitués et continuent à être reconstitués et ré-imaginés. Quand, exactement, est-ce que l'état échoue, se demande l'article? Ce qui est défini comme état défaillant pourrait-il faire partie du processus de formation ou de reconfiguration de l'état, qui sont méconnues ou mal interprétées à cause de la pauvreté des sciences sociales et les préjugés ethnocentriques africanistes des lentilles notamment utilisées pour les comprendre? Afrique; états défaillants; types idéaux; néo-patrimonialisme; formation de l'état; défaillance de l'état; universalisme Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 27-43 Issue: 131 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.658719 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.658719 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:131:p:27-43 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Simon Weldehaimanot Author-X-Name-First: Simon Author-X-Name-Last: Weldehaimanot Author-Name: Semere Kesete Author-X-Name-First: Semere Author-X-Name-Last: Kesete Title: Rubbishing: a wrong approach to Eritrea/Ethiopia union Abstract: As part of a revisionist discourse, it has been contended that the core of Eritrea's political, cultural and economic identity is based on colonial premises and these three premises are false. As a result, Eritrea is in a dilemma. It is further contended that Eritrea's future lies in seeking unity with Ethiopia. This article is a rejoinder to the contention. It shows the truthfulness of the premises and argues that, save for the prevalent dictatorship, it was and it still is a correct decision for Eritreans to opt for an independent Eritrea. Avoiding the old talk, this rejoinder recommends that as sovereign states, Eritrea and Ethiopia should govern their relations by principles of civilised nations. [Rejeter: une mauvaise approche de l'union érythréenne/éthiopienne]. Dans le cadre d'un discours révisionniste, il a été soutenu que le noyau de l'identité politique, culturelle et économique de l'Érythrée est basé sur des prémisses coloniales et que ces trois prémisses sont fausses. En conséquence, l'Erythrée se trouve dans un dilemme. Il est aussi soutenu que l'avenir de l'Erythrée se situe dans la poursuite de l'unité avec l'Éthiopie. Cet article est une réponse à cet argument. Il montre la véracité des prémisses et affirme que, sauf pour la dictature courante, c'était et c'est encore une bonne décision pour les Erythréens d'avoir opté pour une Érythrée indépendante. Eviter les discours anciens, cette réponse recommande que l'Érythrée et l'Éthiopie, comme états souverains, devraient régir leurs relations par des principes des nations civilisées. <bold>Mots-clés</bold>: Érythrée; Éthiopie; sécession; indépendance; ghedli; économie politique Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 45-62 Issue: 131 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.658721 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.658721 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:131:p:45-62 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gavin Capps Author-X-Name-First: Gavin Author-X-Name-Last: Capps Title: Victim of its own success? The platinum mining industry and the apartheid mineral property system in South Africa's political transition Abstract: The South African platinum industry has grown phenomenally since the mid 1990s to become the single largest component of the national mining sector in employment and sales-value terms. In line with Fine's (1992) contribution to a general theory of mining, this article presents an initial political economy of that industry by considering the critical role that the apartheid mineral property system played in its dominant strategy of competitive accumulation in the years leading to the current platinum boom. Emphasis is placed on the different forms of minerals ownership that mediated the access of platinum capital to mineral resources in the Bophuthatswana and Lebowa Bantustans, where the bulk of South Africa's vast platinum reserves were geopolitically located under apartheid and how the reproduction of these strategic mineral property relations was secured during the political transition to the benefit of the white platinum corporations. It concludes that the industry's very success in maintaining its proprietary control over the world's largest platinum endowment would combine with an unprecedented surge in global platinum demand to simultaneously position it as the most dynamic element of the post-apartheid mining economy <italic>and</italic> as the primary target of the new ANC government's minerals reform policy. [Victime de son propre succès? L'industrie minière de platine et le système apartheid de propriété minérale dans la transition politique en Afrique du Sud]. L'industrie du platine sud-africain a connu une croissance phénoménale depuis le milieu des années 1990 pour devenir la composante principale du secteur minier national en termes d'emploi et des ventes des valeurs actualisées. En ligne avec la contribution de Fine (1992) à une théorie générale de l'exploitation minière, cet article présente une économie politique initiale de cette industrie en considérant le rôle crucial que le système apartheid de propriété minérale a joué dans sa stratégie dominante d'accumulation compétitive dans les années qui avaient conduit à l'actuel boom économique de platine. L'accent est mis sur les différentes formes de propriétés minières qui ont servi de médiateur à l'accès du capital de platine pour les ressources minérales dans les bantoustans Bophuthatswana et Lebowa, les endroits géopolitiques de la majeure partie des vastes réserves de l'Afrique du Sud en platine sous l'apartheid, et comment la reproduction de ces rapports des propriétés minières stratégiques a été obtenues lors de la transition politique au profit des sociétés de platine caucasiennes. Il conclut que le succès même du secteur dans le maintien de son contrôle exclusif sur les rèserves mondiales de platine se combineraient avec une augmentation sans précédent de la demande mondiale de platine en le positionnant simultanément comme l'élément le plus dynamique de l'économie minière post apartheid et comme la cible principale du nouveau gouvernement de l'ANC en matière de politique de réforme minière. <bold>Mots-clés</bold>: exploitations minières de platine droits miniers Afrique du Sud propriété foncière Boputhatswana Lebowa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 63-84 Issue: 131 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.659006 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.659006 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:131:p:63-84 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Steven Friedman Author-X-Name-First: Steven Author-X-Name-Last: Friedman Title: Beyond the fringe? South African social movements and the politics of redistribution Abstract: Collective action in support of the redistribution of wealth and power in South Africa was initially led by the trade union movement. But, as more labour-market entrants have failed to find work in the formal economy, unions' capacity to speak for the poor has declined. Scholars and activists have, therefore, come to see new social movements as a superior source of effective action for redistribution. Analysis reveals that the movements are not equipped to lead a redistributive coalition but that co-operation between unions and social movements, and a synergy between their approaches, is most likely to produce effective redistributive politics. [Au-delà des bords? Les mouvements sociaux sud-africains et la politique de redistribution]. L'action collective en faveur de la redistribution des richesses et du pouvoir en Afrique du Sud était initialement dirigée par le mouvement syndical. Mais, compte tenu du fait que des nouveaux arrivants dans le marché d'emploi n'ont pas réussi à trouver du travail dans l'économie formelle, la capacité des syndicats de parler au nom des pauvres a diminué. Les universitaires et les activistes sont, par conséquent, arrivés à voir de nouveaux mouvements sociaux comme une source supérieure d'une action efficace pour la redistribution. L'analyse révèle que les mouvements ne sont pas équipés pour mener une coalition de redistribution, mais la coopération entre les syndicats et les mouvements sociaux, et une synergie entre leurs approches, est plus susceptible de produire des politiques efficaces de redistribution. <bold>Mots-clés</bold>: redistribution; politiques; mouvements sociaux; syndicats; Afrique du Sud Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 85-100 Issue: 131 Volume: 39 Year: 2011 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.658718 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.658718 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2011:i:131:p:85-100 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lionel Cliffe Author-X-Name-First: Lionel Author-X-Name-Last: Cliffe Title: Kicking off a debate on Tanzania's 50 years of independence Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 101-102 Issue: 131 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.662361 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.662361 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:131:p:101-102 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Issa G. Shivji Author-X-Name-First: Issa G. Author-X-Name-Last: Shivji Title: Nationalism and pan-Africanism: decisive moments in Nyerere's intellectual and political thought Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 103-116 Issue: 131 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.662387 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.662387 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:131:p:103-116 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John S. Saul Author-X-Name-First: John S. Author-X-Name-Last: Saul Title: Tanzania fifty years on (1961--2011): rethinking <italic>ujamaa</italic>, Nyerere and socialism in Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 117-125 Issue: 131 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.662386 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.662386 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:131:p:117-125 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lionel Cliffe Author-X-Name-First: Lionel Author-X-Name-Last: Cliffe Title: Fifty years of making sense of independence politics Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 127-131 Issue: 131 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.662385 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.662385 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:131:p:127-131 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gary Littlejohn Author-X-Name-First: Gary Author-X-Name-Last: Littlejohn Title: Brand Africa: multiple transitions in global capitalism -- a preface Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 133-133 Issue: 131 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.658643 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.658643 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:131:p:133-133 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lisa Ann Richey Author-X-Name-First: Lisa Ann Author-X-Name-Last: Richey Author-Name: Stefano Ponte Author-X-Name-First: Stefano Author-X-Name-Last: Ponte Title: Brand Africa: multiple transitions in global capitalism Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 135-150 Issue: 131 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.658644 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.658644 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:131:p:135-150 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Henning Melber Author-X-Name-First: Henning Author-X-Name-Last: Melber Title: Dag Hammarskjöld, the United Nations and Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 151-159 Issue: 131 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.659013 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.659013 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:131:p:151-159 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Benedito Cunguara Author-X-Name-First: Benedito Author-X-Name-Last: Cunguara Title: An exposition of development failures in Mozambique Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 161-170 Issue: 131 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.657881 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.657881 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:131:p:161-170 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Jacobs Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Jacobs Title: Whither agrarian reform in South Africa? Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 171-180 Issue: 131 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.658720 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.658720 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:131:p:171-180 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yusuf Bangura Author-X-Name-First: Yusuf Author-X-Name-Last: Bangura Title: Sierra Leone at 50: confronting old problems and preparing for new challenges Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 181-192 Issue: 131 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.659012 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.659012 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:131:p:181-192 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stephen Hurt Author-X-Name-First: Stephen Author-X-Name-Last: Hurt Title: The European Union's Africa policies: norms, interests and impact Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 193-194 Issue: 131 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.661123 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.661123 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:131:p:193-194 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Usman A. Tar Author-X-Name-First: Usman A. Author-X-Name-Last: Tar Title: A swamp full of dollars: pipelines and paramilitaries in Nigeria's oil frontier Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 195-197 Issue: 131 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.661127 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.661127 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:131:p:195-197 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stylianos Moshonas Author-X-Name-First: Stylianos Author-X-Name-Last: Moshonas Title: Congo Masquerade: The political culture of aid inefficiency and reform failure Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 198-199 Issue: 131 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.661128 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.661128 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:131:p:198-199 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John Markakis Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Markakis Title: War and the politics of identity in Ethiopia: the making of enemies and allies in the Horn of Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 200-202 Issue: 131 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.661124 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.661124 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:131:p:200-202 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Philani Moyo Author-X-Name-First: Philani Author-X-Name-Last: Moyo Title: Architects of poverty: why African capitalism needs changing Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 203-205 Issue: 131 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.661125 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.661125 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:131:p:203-205 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dan Fahey Author-X-Name-First: Dan Author-X-Name-Last: Fahey Title: Intervention as indirect rule: civil war and statebuilding in the Democratic Republic of Congo Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 206-207 Issue: 131 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.661126 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.661126 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:131:p:206-207 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Abdul Raufu Mustapha Author-X-Name-First: Abdul Raufu Author-X-Name-Last: Mustapha Author-Name: Reginald Cline-Cole Author-X-Name-First: Reginald Author-X-Name-Last: Cline-Cole Author-Name: Gary Littlejohn Author-X-Name-First: Gary Author-X-Name-Last: Littlejohn Title: Markets and identities in Africa: honouring Gavin Williams Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 209-211 Issue: 132 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.692538 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.692538 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:132:p:209-211 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lionel Cliffe Author-X-Name-First: Lionel Author-X-Name-Last: Cliffe Title: Neoliberal accumulation and class: a tribute to Gavin Williams Abstract: The articles in this collection emerged as presentations made at a conference in July 2010 which marked the retirement from Oxford of Gavin Williams, one of the founding editors of the <italic>Review of African Political Economy</italic> (<italic>ROAPE</italic>) and today a member of its International Advisory Board. Conference papers celebrated his several contributions, covering themes that resonated with his best known work, and in several cases that had been inspired by him -- as some of the published articles here make explicit. The countries they focus on are South Africa and Nigeria, which are recognised as the geographical centres of gravity of his work, but extend, characteristically, to broader issues of political economy, such as privatisation (Pitcher) and overall development trajectories in Africa as compared with East Asia (Meagher). To set the scene for these five articles and to provide an overview of the conference as a whole and to the broad sweep of Gavin's lifetime contribution, not least to this journal, the following paragraphs are based on remarks I made to launch the conference. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 213-223 Issue: 132 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.692539 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.692539 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:132:p:213-223 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joachim Winfried Ewert Author-X-Name-First: Joachim Winfried Author-X-Name-Last: Ewert Title: A force for good? Markets, cellars and labour in the South African wine industry after apartheid Abstract: This paper argues that on balance, deregulation and the exposure to overseas markets has been beneficial to the South African wine industry, resulting in strong growth, increased employment and much improved international competitiveness. However, the paper also draws attention to the fact that not everybody has benefited in equal measure from the process of upgrading, modernisation and internationalisation. Since the start of the transition in the mid 1990s, a number of growers have left the industry and for many workers employment has become less secure. [Une dynamique pour le bien? Les marchès, les caves et la main-d'œuvre dans l'industrie du vin sud-africain aprés l'apartheid]. Cet article soutient que dans l'ensemble, la déréglementation et l'ouverture aux marchés d'outre-mer ont été bénéfiques pour l'industrie du vin sud africain, ce qui a entrainé une forte croissance, favorisé l'augmentation de l'emploi et une compétitivité internationale bien améliorée. Toutefois, le document attire également l'attention sur le fait que tout le monde n'a pas à part égale profité de ce processus d'amélioration, de modernisation et d'internationalisation. Depuis le début de la transition au milieu des années 1990, un certain nombre de producteurs ont quitté l'industrie car pour de nombreux actifs, le monde du travail était devenu moins certain. <bold>Mots-clés :</bold> les marchès ; le vin ; l'Afrique du Sud Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 225-242 Issue: 132 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.688802 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.688802 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:132:p:225-242 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anne Pitcher Author-X-Name-First: Anne Author-X-Name-Last: Pitcher Title: Was privatisation necessary and did it work? The case of South Africa Abstract: ‘Why structural adjustment is necessary and why it doesn't work’ published by Gavin Williams in <italic>ROAPE</italic> in 1994, highlighted the paradoxical nature of structural adjustment policies. Drawing on Williams's insights, this article examines the adoption and outcome of privatisation policies in South Africa from 1994 to 2010. The paper makes two claims that reinforce Williams's earlier arguments. First, privatisation was central to the effort by the post-apartheid government to secure a marriage between the state and capital through the expansion of black ownership. Yet, second, concerns over employment equity, preferential procurement, and unemployment forced the state to depend on parastatals after the turn of the century and in doing so, to abandon the privatisation of state assets. State-owned enterprises have now become an integral component of the state's developmental project in South Africa. [Est-ce que la privatisation était nécessaire et a-elle fonctionné ? Le cas de l'Afrique du Sud]. « <italic>Pourquoi l'adaptation structurelle est-elle nécessaire et pourquoi cela ne fonctionne pass</italic> », publié par Gavin Williams dans ROAPE en 1994, souligna le caractère paradoxal des politiques d'ajustement structurel. S'appuyant sur les idées de Williams, cet article analyse l'adoption et les résultats des politiques de privatisation en Afrique du sud de 1994 à 2010. Le document émet deux demandes qui renforcent les arguments antérieurs de Williams. Tout d'abord, la privatisation était au centre de l'effort consenti par le gouvernement postapartheid afin de garantir un lien entre l'État et le capital grâce à l'extension de la propriété noire. Cependant, en second lieu, les préoccupations concernant l'équité sur l'emploi, les marchés préférentiels et le chômage obligèrent l'État à dépendre des sociétés paraétatiques à la fin du siècle et, ce faisant, de renoncer à la privatisation des actifs de l'État. Les entreprises d'État sont à présent devenues une partie intégrante du projet de développement de l'État en Afrique du Sud. <bold>Mots-clés :</bold> le néolibéralisme ; la privatisation ; l'état de développement ; l'Afrique du Sud Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 243-260 Issue: 132 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.688803 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.688803 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:132:p:243-260 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kate Meagher Author-X-Name-First: Kate Author-X-Name-Last: Meagher Title: Weber meets Godzilla: social networks and the spirit of capitalism in East Asia and Africa Abstract: This paper explores the cultural foundations of contemporary network capitalism in East Asia, and its implications for African enterprise development. It considers how neo-Weberian perspectives on the cultural determinants of East Asian network success have served to validate intensified processes of labour exploitation while glossing over the role of the state in making networks work for development. It is argued that the ideology of the Confucian ethic draws on notions of social solidarity to normalise the use of unfree labour in capitalist accumulation strategies, while concealing the critical role of the state in mobilising society around cultural values and socialising risk to diffuse potentially disruptive social tensions. The obfuscation of these processes in cultural analyses of Asian network success has cast the poor performance of African enterprise networks as a product of cultural dysfunction, obscuring underlying processes of state withdrawal and policy failure. The problems arising from Chinese business networks in Africa bring out the contradictions of cultural interpretations of network dynamism. [Weber rencontre Godzilla : les réseaux sociaux et l'esprit du capitalisme en Asie de l'Est et en Afrique]. Cet article explore les fondements culturels du réseau du capitalisme contemporain en Asie de l'Est et ses implications pour le développement des entreprises en Afrique. Il considère la manière dont les perspectives néo-wébériennes sur les déterminants culturels de la réussite du réseau de l'Asie de l'Est ont servi à valider les processus intensifiés de l'exploitation du marché du travail tout en passant sous silence le rôle de l'État en faisant en sorte que les réseaux puissent œuvrer pour le développement. Il est soutenu que l'idéologie de l'étique confucéenne s'appuie sur les notions de solidarité sociale afin de normaliser l'utilisation du travail non libre dans les stratégies de l'accumulation capitaliste, tout en dissimulant le rôle déterminant de l'État dans la mobilisation de la société autour des valeurs culturelles et la banalisation du risque susceptible de provoquer des tensions sociales potentielles et perturbatrices. L'occultation de ces processus dans les analyses culturelles de la réussite du réseau asiatique a mis en lumière la mauvaise performance des réseaux d'entreprises africaines en tant que produit d'un dysfonctionnement culturel, occultant les processus souterrains de désengagement de l'État et l'échec des dispositions. Les problèmes émergeant des réseaux d'entreprises chinoises en Afrique mettent en évidence les contradictions d'interprétations culturelles de la dynamique de réseau. <bold>Mots-clés</bold>: les réseaux sociaux; le capitalisme; l'Asie de l'Est; l'Afrique Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 261-278 Issue: 132 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.688804 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.688804 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:132:p:261-278 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Timothy Sizwe Phakathi Author-X-Name-First: Timothy Sizwe Author-X-Name-Last: Phakathi Title: Worker agency in colonial, apartheid and post-apartheid gold mining workplace regimes Abstract: This paper locates the understanding of the organisation of work and worker agency on South African gold mines within the context of the racialisation and deracialisation of the economic and labour market strategies of the colonial, apartheid and post-apartheid mining regimes. It argues that as much as racial and coercive labour practices profited the gold mining companies, they were not sustainable. The mineworkers were not passive acceptors of racial and coercive forms of labour control. The post-apartheid work order led to the restructuring of the gold mining workplace towards efficiency, productivity and equity. This signalled a shift from worker coercion to consent in the day-to-day running of the production process inside the pit. The paper calls attention to workers' subjective orientation, agency and resilience to repressive and contemporary work structures -- not just as recipients but also as shapers of such work structures within the politics, limits and contradictions of capitalist production systems. [Agence de travailleur sous la période coloniale, dans le cadre des activités aurifères pendant et après l'apartheid]. Ce document éclaire sur la compréhension de l'organisation du travail et de l'agence du travailleur des mines d'or sud-africaines dans le contexte de la ségrégation raciale et celui de la non-ségrégation raciale des stratégies économiques et du marché du travail des époques coloniale, d'apartheid et des régimes miniers après l'ère de l'apartheid. Il fait valoir que, au temps où la race et les pratiques de travail forcé profitaient aux compagnies minières d'or, elles n'étaient pas durables. Les mineurs n'étaient pas des accepteurs passifs face aux aspects liés à la race et à la contrainte en rapport au contrôle de la main d'œuvre. L'ordre sur le travail qui intervint après la période de l'apartheid a conduit à la restructuration du travail des mines d'or vers l'efficacité, la productivité et l'équité. Ce fut un signal pour un changement partant de la coercition des travailleurs à consentir dans la foulée et au jour le jour, à un processus de production à l'intérieur même de la fosse. Le document attire l'attention des travailleurs sur l'orientation subjective, l'agence et la flexibilité par rapport aux structures de travail contemporaines et répressives -- et pas seulement en tant que bénéficiaires mais aussi comme innovateurs de telles structures au sein de la sphère politique, les limites et les contradictions des systèmes de production capitaliste. <bold>Mots-clés</bold>: l'apartheid; la démocratie; l'exploitation des mines d'or; le marché du travail; les travailleurs; l'Afrique du Sud Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 279-294 Issue: 132 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.688806 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.688806 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:132:p:279-294 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kathryn Nwajiaku-Dahou Author-X-Name-First: Kathryn Author-X-Name-Last: Nwajiaku-Dahou Title: The political economy of oil and ‘rebellion’ in Nigeria's Niger Delta Abstract: The escalation in armed attacks on Nigeria's oil industry and the massive expansion in oil theft generated a veritable industry in the study of the political economy of war dominated by public-choice strands. Critical scholarship on the Niger Delta challenges this work for its neglect of history in explaining the shift from peaceful protest in the 1990s to armed struggle. Yet taking history seriously need not blind us to the ‘critical breaks’. Nigeria's transition to civilian rule in 1999 brought state and non-state actors into a complicit union as rebellion and oil bunkering consolidated a pre-existing parallel economy. [L'économie politique du pétrole et la « rébellion » dans le Delta du Niger, fief du Nigéria]. L'escalade dans les attaques armées sur l'industrie pétrolière du Nigéria et l'expansion massive dans le vol de pétrole ont généré une véritable industrie dans l'étude de l'économie politique de la guerre, dominée par quelques choix publics. L'étude critique sur le Delta du Niger conteste ce travail pour sa négligence de l'histoire pour expliquer ce passage de la manifestation pacifique dans les années 1990 à la lutte armée. Pourtant prendre l'histoire au sérieux ne doit pas nous aveugler sur « les ruptures critiques ». La transition du Nigéria vers un régime civil en 1999, a amené les acteurs de l'Etat et ceux qui ne relèvent pas de l'État à se fondre dans une union de complicité dès lors que la rébellion et le vol de pétrole avaient consolidé une économie parallèle préexistante. <bold>Mots-clés :</bold> le pétrole ; la sécurité ; le Delta du Niger ; l'économie politique ; le militantisme ; l'identité Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 295-313 Issue: 132 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.688805 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.688805 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:132:p:295-313 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gavin Capps Author-X-Name-First: Gavin Author-X-Name-Last: Capps Title: A bourgeois reform with social justice? The contradictions of the Minerals Development Bill and black economic empowerment in the South African platinum mining industry Abstract: Since assuming power in 1994, the African National Congress has pursued an ambitious policy of ‘modernising’ the minerals and mining sector in line with its overarching goal of developing an internationally competitive, non-racial and socially stabilised South African capitalism. This is a materialist analysis of the measures and evolution of that policy in the critically contested period between the release of the Minerals Development Bill (MDB) (December 2000) and its promulgation as the Minerals and Petroleum Resources Development Act (October 2002). Despite its apparent radicalism, the bill's core proposal to nationalise mineral rights is a variant of what Marx termed a ‘Ricardian reform’, here designed to accelerate capital accumulation by eliminating the barrier of private minerals ownership. Yet, the MDB also married this classically bourgeois reform with a nationalist commitment to racially transform the structure of mine ownership, thus embodying key contradictions of South Africa's democratic transition in the era of neoliberalism. The struggle over the final form and benefits of the new minerals dispensation would be centred on the platinum industry, where the established (white) producers had the most to lose from the legal abolition of the old mineral property system in favour of the nationalisation and strategic redistribution of the resource base. [Une réforme bourgeoise avec une justice sociale ? Les contradictions du Projet de loi de Développement des Minéraux et l'Emancipation Economique des Noirs dans l'industrie minière du platine d'Afrique du Sud]. Depuis son arrivée au pouvoir en 1994, l'ANC a poursuivi une politique ambitieuse de la ≪ modernisation ≫ du secteur des minerais et des mines en accord avec son objectif global de développer un capitalisme propre à l'Afrique du sud, compétitif au niveau international, non racialement ségrégationniste et socialement fiable. Il s'agit d'une analyse matérialiste des mesures et de l'évolution de cette politique dans la période gravement contestée entre la sortie du Projet de Loi sur le Développement des Minéraux (MDB décembre 2000) et sa promulgation en tant que loi du Développement des Ressources Pétrolières et Minérales (octobre 2002). Malgré son radicalisme apparent, la proposition de base du projet de loi visant à nationaliser les droits miniers est une variante de ce que Marx appelait une ≪ réforme ricardienne ≫, ici conçue pour accélérer l'accumulation du capital en éliminant la barrière de la propriété privée des minéraux. Cependant le MDB a également épousé cette réforme bourgeoise classique avec un engagement nationaliste de transformer radicalement la structure de la propriété minière, incarnant ainsi les contradictions clés de la transition démocratique en Afrique du Sud à l'ère du néolibéralisme. La lutte pour la forme finale et les avantages de la nouvelle dispensation sur les minéraux seraient centrés sur l'industrie du platine, où les producteurs (blancs) établis avaient le plus à perdre de l'abolition légale du système de propriété minérale ancienne en faveur de la nationalisation et de la redistribution stratégiques de la base de ressources. <bold>Mots-clés</bold>: l'ANC; l'émancipation économique des Noirs; les droits miniers; la nationalisation; l'industrie du platine; la politique des ressources; la réforme ricardienne Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 315-333 Issue: 132 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.688801 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.688801 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:132:p:315-333 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yash Tandon Author-X-Name-First: Yash Author-X-Name-Last: Tandon Title: Dani Wadada Nabudere, 1932--2011: an uncompromising revolutionary Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 335-341 Issue: 132 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.688645 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.688645 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:132:p:335-341 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Simon Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Simon Title: Remembering Dani Wadada Nabudere Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 343-344 Issue: 132 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.688646 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.688646 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:132:p:343-344 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carol B. Thompson Author-X-Name-First: Carol B. Author-X-Name-Last: Thompson Title: Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA): advancing the theft of African genetic wealth Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 345-350 Issue: 132 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.688647 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.688647 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:132:p:345-350 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Patrick Bond Author-X-Name-First: Patrick Author-X-Name-Last: Bond Author-Name: Khadija Sharife Author-X-Name-First: Khadija Author-X-Name-Last: Sharife Title: Zimbabwe's clogged political drain and open diamond pipe Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 351-365 Issue: 132 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.688648 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.688648 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:132:p:351-365 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Philani Moyo Author-X-Name-First: Philani Author-X-Name-Last: Moyo Title: ‘Still on top, but ANC is left shaken’: reflections on the 2011 local government elections in South Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 367-374 Issue: 132 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.688649 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.688649 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:132:p:367-374 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Diana Cammack Author-X-Name-First: Diana Author-X-Name-Last: Cammack Title: Malawi in crisis, 2011--12 Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 375-388 Issue: 132 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.688651 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.688651 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:132:p:375-388 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Richard B. Dadzie Author-X-Name-First: Richard B. Author-X-Name-Last: Dadzie Title: Natural resources and local livelihoods in the Great Lakes region of Africa: a political economy perspective Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 389-390 Issue: 132 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.683297 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.683297 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:132:p:389-390 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pádraig Carmody Author-X-Name-First: Pádraig Author-X-Name-Last: Carmody Title: Zambia, mining and neoliberalism: boom and bust on the globalized Copperbelt Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 391-392 Issue: 132 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.683298 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.683298 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:132:p:391-392 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joseph Hanlon Author-X-Name-First: Joseph Author-X-Name-Last: Hanlon Author-Name: Teresa Smart Author-X-Name-First: Teresa Author-X-Name-Last: Smart Title: War veterans in Zimbabwe's revolution: challenging neo-colonialism and settler and international capital Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 393-395 Issue: 132 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.683299 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.683299 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:132:p:393-395 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roy Love Author-X-Name-First: Roy Author-X-Name-Last: Love Title: Borders and borderlands as resources in the Horn of Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 396-398 Issue: 132 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.683300 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.683300 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:132:p:396-398 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tapiwa Chagonda Author-X-Name-First: Tapiwa Author-X-Name-Last: Chagonda Title: Revolutionary traveller: freeze-frames from a life Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 399-400 Issue: 132 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.683302 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.683302 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:132:p:399-400 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ray Bush Author-X-Name-First: Ray Author-X-Name-Last: Bush Author-Name: Claire Mercer Author-X-Name-First: Claire Author-X-Name-Last: Mercer Title: The revolution in permanence Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 401-407 Issue: 133 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.711628 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.711628 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:133:p:401-407 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andreas Malm Author-X-Name-First: Andreas Author-X-Name-Last: Malm Author-Name: Shora Esmailian Author-X-Name-First: Shora Author-X-Name-Last: Esmailian Title: Doubly dispossessed by accumulation: Egyptian fishing communities between enclosed lakes and a rising sea Abstract: In a corner of the Egyptian revolutionary drama, the fisherfolk of the northern Nile Delta have begun to organise. They suffer an indicative predicament. The two great lagoons of Borullus and Manzala have largely been enclosed by fish farms as the Mubarak regime sought to expand Egypt's aquaculture industry. On the other hand, the sea is threatening to submerge the ground on which the very same fishing communities are based. How can we understand the pinch in which they find themselves? This article questions the sustainability of the Egyptian aquaculture miracle, examines the likely impacts of sea level rise on the communities north of Borullus and Manzala, and seeks to conceptualise the dialectic between the two processes. While the fisherfolk prepare to fight against the encroaching farms, however, there is little on the horizon in the way of struggle against the other, perhaps even more dangerous side of the squeeze. [Doublement dépossédés par l'accumulation: les communautés des pêcheurs égyptiens entre les lacs fermés et une mer montante.] Dans un coin du drame révolutionnaire égyptien, la communauté des pêcheurs dans le Nord du Delta du Nil a commencé à s'organiser. Elle souffre d'une situation à titre indicatif. Les deux grandes lagunes de Borullus et de Manzala ont été en grande partie entourées par les exploitations piscicoles, comme le régime de Moubarak a cherché à élargir l'industrie de l'aquaculture égyptienne. D'autre part, la mer menace de submerger le terrain sur lequel ces mêmes communautés de pêche sont établies. Comment pouvons-nous comprendre le malaise dans lequel ils se trouvent? Cet article évoque la question du miracle de la durabilité de l'aquaculture égyptienne, examine les effets probables de l'élévation du niveau de la mer au nord des communautés de Borullus et de Manzala, et cherche à établir un concept dialectique entre les deux processus. Alors que les pêcheurs se préparent à lutter contre les exploitations agricoles contrariantes, il ya cependant peu de marge à l'horizon sur la façon de lutter contre l'autre -- peut-être même le plus dangereux -- côté de la compression. <bold>Mots-clés</bold>: L'Egypte; les communautés de pêche; l'élévation du niveau de la mer; l'aquaculture; l'accumulation par dépossession; la révolution Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 408-426 Issue: 133 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.710838 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.710838 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:133:p:408-426 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: An Ansoms Author-X-Name-First: An Author-X-Name-Last: Ansoms Author-Name: Donatella Rostagno Author-X-Name-First: Donatella Author-X-Name-Last: Rostagno Title: Rwanda's Vision 2020 halfway through: what the eye does not see Abstract: This paper considers the progress made in the implementation of Rwanda's Vision 2020 programme since its launch in 2000. At the halfway point, the overall picture is quite encouraging. Rwanda's economy is thriving and reported growth figures have been impressive. The country is on track to meet the Millennium Development Goals in the fields of education and health care. Its political leaders have been praised for their quality of technocratic governance and their proactive approach to creating an attractive business climate. However, some indicators remain problematic. This paper argues that the current strategy -- one of maximum growth at any cost -- is counterproductive to the objective of achieving the greatest possible poverty reduction. Strong economic growth, concentrated in the hands of a small elite, results in a highly skewed developmental path with limited trickle-down potential. A possible alternative lies in an exploration of a broad-based inclusive growth model founded on existing strengths and the notion of capacity building among rural small-scale farmers. Striving for a more inclusive concept of growth would appear to be crucial not only for successful poverty reduction, but also with a view to promoting long-term stability and peace in Rwanda. [Vision 2020 du Rwanda à mi-parcours: ce que l'œil ne voit pas.] Le présent article analyse les progrès accomplis dans la mise en œuvre du programme ‘Vision 2020 du Rwanda’ depuis son lancement en 2000. À mi-terme, le tableau d'ensemble est encourageant. L'économie du Rwanda est en plein essor et les chiffres de croissance rapportés sont impressionnants. Le pays est sur la bonne voie pour atteindre les Objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement dans les domaines de l'éducation et de santé. Ses dirigeants politiques ont été félicités pour la qualité de leur gouvernance technocratique et leur approche proactive de la création d'un climat propice au business. Toutefois, plusieurs indicateurs restent problématiques. Cet article soutient que la stratégie actuelle -- celle d'une croissance maximale à tout prix -- est contre-productive par rapport à l'objectif qui vise à atteindre la plus grande réduction possible de la pauvreté. La forte croissance économique, concentrée dans les mains d'une petite élite, résulte en une voie de développement très inégal avec un potentiel limité de retombées. Une alternative possible réside dans l'exploration d'un modèle fondé sur une croissance inclusive sur la base d'un renforcement des capacités des petits agriculteurs. Ceci semble crucial, non seulement pour réduire la pauvreté, mais aussi en vue de promouvoir la stabilité à long terme et la paix au Rwanda. <bold>Mots-clés</bold>: Rwanda ; pauvreté ; croissance ; politiques de développement Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 427-450 Issue: 133 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.710836 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.710836 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:133:p:427-450 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tanja R. Müller Author-X-Name-First: Tanja R. Author-X-Name-Last: Müller Title: Beyond the siege state -- tracing hybridity during a recent visit to Eritrea Abstract: This article offers an alternative reading of the current situation in Eritrea that goes beyond the narrative of dictatorship and oppression. Based on recent fieldwork in Eritrea and among Eritrean refugees in Tel Aviv, it offers a hybrid interpretation of developments within Eritrea. The article argues that a transition process instigated by the current leadership is still possible. At the same time rising inequalities and other dynamics may ultimately jeopardise any such transition. More generally important sections of the population have become suspicious of grand political projects, but rather focus on the microcosms of potentially intangible transformations from within. [Au de-là de l’état de siège -- retracer le contexte pragmatique tel constaté lors d'une récente visite en Érythrée.] Cet article propose une lecture alternative de la situation actuelle en Érythrée qui va au-delà du récit de la dictature et de l'oppression. Basé sur des travaux récents en Érythrée et parmi les réfugiés érythréens à Tel Aviv, il offre une interprétation mitigée des développements au sein de l’Érythrée. L'article fait valoir que le processus de transition initié par la direction actuelle est encore possible. Dans le même temps, les inégalités croissantes et d'autres dynamiques peuvent même menacer une telle transition. Plus généralement, d'importants groupements d'individus au sein de la population deviennent méfiants à l’égard des grands projets politiques, et se concentrent plutôt sur les microcosmes de transformations potentiellement incorprels de l'intérieur. <bold>Mots-clés</bold>: Érythrée; état de siège; hybridité Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 451-464 Issue: 133 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.710839 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.710839 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:133:p:451-464 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ryan Saylor Author-X-Name-First: Ryan Author-X-Name-Last: Saylor Title: Probing the historical sources of the Mauritian miracle: sugar exporters and state building in colonial Mauritius Abstract: Scholars increasingly agree that the ‘Mauritian Miracle’ was enabled by the country's significant level of state capacity. This article probes Mauritius's state-building past to identify the early sources of Mauritian state capacity. Specifically, I find that the close collaboration between the island's export-oriented sugar planters, known as the Franco-Mauritians, and colonial officials accounts for the growth of Mauritian state capacity during the nineteenth century. Following the island's first major commodity boom, in 1825, sugar planters pressed colonial officials to ‘regulate’ the island's labour supply, improve its transportation infrastructure, and undertake research and development initiatives. These efforts collectively promoted the growth of state capacity and laid the groundwork for the country's relatively capable state. The influence of Mauritius's export-oriented coalition on state building may shed light on the country's comparative success to other African countries, where export-oriented coalitions have been rare both historically and in the contemporary era. [Sonder les sources historiques du miracle mauricien: les exportateurs de sucre et la construction des bâtiments dans les colonies de l'Etat de l'île Maurice.] De plus en plus, les chercheurs s'accordent à dire que le « miracle mauricien » a été activé par le niveau important du pays par sa capacité d'État. Cet article fait un bilan du domaine de construction dans le passé par l'État Mauricien afin d'identifier les sources préalables de capacité pour l'État mauricien. Plus précisément, je trouve que la collaboration étroite entre les planteurs de canne à sucre de l'île orientés vers l'exportation, lesquels étaient connus sous la désignation de Franco-Mauriciens et des fonctionnaires coloniaux, compte pour la croissance de la capacité de l'État mauricien au cours du dix-neuvième siècle. A la suite de l'explosion de la principale marchandise en 1825, les planteurs de sucre ont fait pression sur les autorités coloniales de « régulariser » les conditions de la main d'œuvre sur l'île, d'améliorer ses infrastructures de transport, et d'entreprendre des initiatives de recherche et développement. Ces efforts ont collectivement contribué à promouvoir la croissance de la capacité de l'État et jeté les bases d'état relativement capables pour le pays. L'influence de la coalition d'exportation de l'île Maurice sur l'édification de l'État peut apporter de la lumière sur le succès comparatif du pays par rapport à d'autres pays africains, où des coalitions axées sur l'exportation ont été rares à la fois historiquement et à l'époque contemporaine. <bold>Mots-clés</bold>: L'île Maurice; les exportations de sucre; l'explosion des matières premières; les coalitions; l'édification de l'État; le développement politique Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 465-478 Issue: 133 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.710835 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.710835 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:133:p:465-478 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rogers Tabe Egbe Orock Author-X-Name-First: Rogers Tabe Egbe Author-X-Name-Last: Orock Author-Name: Oben Timothy Mbuagbo Author-X-Name-First: Oben Timothy Author-X-Name-Last: Mbuagbo Title: ‘Why government should not collect taxes’: grand corruption in government and citizens' views on taxation in Cameroon Abstract: This paper explores how Cameroonians view the payment of taxes to the Cameroonian state in the backdrop of the pervasive corruption and the dismal levels of social service provision characterising public governance in the country since the early 1990s. It does so by combining a review of secondary literature about the nature of state--society relations in Cameroon and public opinion surveys and citizens' comments in the private press relating to these issues. It concludes that such perceptions about taxation illustrate the challenges confronting African states if they seek to expand their capacity for domestic resource mobilisation through taxation. [Pourquoi le gouvernement ne devrait pas percevoir des impôts: la grande corruption au sein du gouvernement et l'opinion des citoyens sur la fiscalité au Cameroun.] Cet article examine comment les Camerounais considèrent le paiement des impôts à l'État camerounais dans le contexte où la corruption est généralisée et les niveaux sombres de la gouvernance des services sociaux caractérisent la gestion publique dans le pays depuis le début des années 1990. Cela se fait par une combinaison de l'examen de la documentation secondaire sur la nature des relations État-société au Cameroun, et les sondages d'opinion publique et les commentaires des citoyens dans la presse privée se rapportant à ces questions. Il conclut que la perception des citoyens sur la fiscalité illustre les défis auxquels sont confrontés les Etats africains s'ils cherchent à étendre leur capacité de mobilisation des ressources intérieures par la fiscalité. <bold>Mots-clés:</bold> Cameroun ; corruption ; gouvernance publique ; fiscalité ; confiance Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 479-499 Issue: 133 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.710837 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.710837 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:133:p:479-499 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jeanne Koopman Author-X-Name-First: Jeanne Author-X-Name-Last: Koopman Title: Will Africa's Green Revolution squeeze African family farmers to death? Lessons from small-scale high-cost rice production in the Senegal River Valley Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 500-511 Issue: 133 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.711076 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.711076 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:133:p:500-511 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Franklin Charles Graham Author-X-Name-First: Franklin Charles Author-X-Name-Last: Graham Title: <italic>Plusieurs chemins</italic>: how different stakeholders at different scales in Malian society are fragmenting the state Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 512-524 Issue: 133 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.711078 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.711078 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:133:p:512-524 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael Walls Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Walls Author-Name: Steve Kibble Author-X-Name-First: Steve Author-X-Name-Last: Kibble Title: Somalia: oil and (in)security Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 525-535 Issue: 133 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.711079 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.711079 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:133:p:525-535 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Janet Bujra Author-X-Name-First: Janet Author-X-Name-Last: Bujra Title: Tanzania in transition: from Nyerere to Mkapa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 536-537 Issue: 133 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.713583 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.713583 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:133:p:536-537 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Shola Omotola Author-X-Name-First: J. Shola Author-X-Name-Last: Omotola Title: Oil and Insurgency in the Niger Delta: Managing the Complex Politics of Petrol Violence Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 538-539 Issue: 133 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.712746 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.712746 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:133:p:538-539 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gary Blank Author-X-Name-First: Gary Author-X-Name-Last: Blank Title: African awakening: the emerging revolutions Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 540-541 Issue: 133 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.712747 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.712747 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:133:p:540-541 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gaim Kibreab Author-X-Name-First: Gaim Author-X-Name-Last: Kibreab Title: Ethiopia: the last two frontiers Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 542-546 Issue: 133 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.712748 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.712748 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:133:p:542-546 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gabrielle Lynch Author-X-Name-First: Gabrielle Author-X-Name-Last: Lynch Title: The economic is political and the political is economic: protest, change, and continuity in contemporary Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 547-550 Issue: 134 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.738795 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.738795 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:134:p:547-550 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ben Fine Author-X-Name-First: Ben Author-X-Name-Last: Fine Title: Assessing South Africa's New Growth Path: framework for change? Abstract: The New Growth Path (NGP) is the symbolic policy document of South Africa's newly formed Department of Economic Development. It marks an intended break with the growth path of the first two decades of the post-apartheid era. But does it do so in principle and is it likely to do so in practice? This paper suggests otherwise because of its failure to address, let alone remedy, the key determining features of the post-apartheid economic landscape. These are the (international) financialisation of (domestic) conglomerate capital especially associated with (illegal) capital flight, the complicity of a newly formed black elite, and the continuing reliance upon how these interact with South Africa's longstanding minerals--energy complex (MEC). Without breaking with these features, the NGP in particular, and policy more generally, will seek to temper the gains and organisational opposition of better-off workers for putative benefits to those deprived of employment and basic levels of public provision. [Évaluer la nouvelle direction de croissance d'Afrique du Sud : cadre pour le changement?] La nouvelle ligne de croissance (NGP) est le document de la politique symbolique du nouveau ministère sud-africain de développement économique. Il marque une pause prévue avec la ligne de la croissance des deux premières décennies survenues après l'ère de l'apartheid. Mais est-ce que cela se confirme dans le principe et dans la pratique? Ce document suggère le contraire, à cause de son incapacité à répondre - sans parler de remède -- aux principales caractéristiques qui déterminent le paysage économique de la période après l'apartheid. Il s'agit de la financiarisation (internationale) du capital conglomérat (domestique), en particulier associée à la fuite (illégale) des capitaux, la complicité d'une élite noire nouvellement constituée, et d'un appui persistant sur la façon dont ceux-ci interagissent avec le complexe de longue date des minéraux d'énergie de l'Afrique du Sud. Sans rompre avec ces caractéristiques, la NGP en particulier, et plus généralement la politique, cherchera à tempérer les gains et l'opposition de l'organisation des travailleurs plus aisés pour des avantages supposés aux personnes privées d'emploi et les niveaux de base de la prestation publique. <bold>Mots-clés</bold>: La Nouvelle trajectoire de croissance  ; financiarisation  ; complexe des minéraux d'énergie  ; Afrique du Sud Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 551-568 Issue: 134 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.738418 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.738418 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:134:p:551-568 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alexander Beresford Author-X-Name-First: Alexander Author-X-Name-Last: Beresford Title: Organised labour and the politics of class formation in post-apartheid South Africa Abstract: This paper will examine the processes of class formation being augmented by South Africa's democratic transition and the impacts these processes are having on trade union organising. Through a case study of the National Union of Mineworkers in the energy industry, it will be argued that affirmative action and employment equity policies are opening up divisions within the union and eroding its unifying class identity. This poses a great challenge, not only to trade union organisation, but also to how we understand the political role of South Africa's trade unions within the post-apartheid era. [Le travail organisé et la politique de formation des classes après l'époque de l'apartheid en Afrique du Sud.] Le présent document examine les processus de formation des classes mis en croissance par la transition démocratique en Afrique du Sud et les impacts que ces processus ont sur l'organisation syndicale. Grâce à une étude de cas du Syndicat national des mineurs (NUM) dans le secteur de l'énergie, on fera valoir que l'action positive et les politiques d'équité dans le domaine de l'emploi suscitent des divisions au sein de l'Union et entament l'identité de la classe unificatrice. Cela pose un grand défi, non seulement à l'organisation syndicale, mais aussi à la façon dont nous comprenons le rôle politique des syndicats d'Afrique du Sud à travers l'ère d'après- apartheid. <bold>Mots-clés</bold>: Afrique du Sud  ; les syndicats  ; l'action positive  ; COSATU  ; ANC Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 569-589 Issue: 134 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.738417 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.738417 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:134:p:569-589 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amanda Alexander Author-X-Name-First: Amanda Author-X-Name-Last: Alexander Title: ‘A disciplining method for holding standards down’: how the World Bank planned Africa's slums Abstract: This article examines the World Bank's attempts to frame the relationship between states, markets, and citizens through its urban assistance programmes during the 1970s and 1980s. Drawing on internal memoranda, mission reports, and staff reviews, this study traces the bank's arguments about the ideal role of the state in housing and service provision. Over this period, the World Bank encouraged governments to withdraw from providing public housing directly and to act instead as an ‘enabler’ of market forces, with lasting economic and political consequences. The article concludes with a focus on South Africa in the early 1990s, when the World Bank (after two decades of practice in promoting privatised land and housing markets) counselled the African National Congress on its post-apartheid policies. In the years since, these policies have resulted in explosive confrontations with civil-society activists who remain committed to alternative visions of the role of the state in housing and service provision. [« Une méthode disciplinaire pour avoir tiré les normes vers le bas » : comment la Banque mondiale a planifié les bidonvilles d'Afrique.] Cet article examine les tentatives de la Banque mondiale en vue d'encadrer la relation entre les Etats, les marchés et les citoyens à travers ses programmes d'aide en milieu urbain au cours des années 1970 et 1980. S'appuyant sur des notes internes, des rapports de mission et les commentaires du personnel, cette étude retrace les arguments de la Banque sur le rôle idéal de l'État en matière de logement et de prestation de services. Au cours de cette période, la Banque mondiale a encouragé les gouvernements à se retirer dans le fait de fournir logement public mais d'agir plutôt comme un ‘‘ facilitateur ’' des forces du marché, avec des conséquences économiques et politiques durables. Le document conclut en mettant l'accent sur l'Afrique du Sud dans les années 1990, lorsque la Banque mondiale (après deux décennies de pratique dans la promotion des terres privatisées et du logement) a conseillé le Congrès national africain sur ses politiques d'après-apartheid. Dans les années qui ont suivi, ces politiques ont donné lieu à des affrontements explosifs avec des militants de la société civile qui demeurent engagés à d'autres visions du rôle de l'Etat en matière de logement et de prestation de services. <bold>Mots-clés</bold>: Banque mondiale  ; citoyenneté  ; privatisation  ; logement  ; terre Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 590-613 Issue: 134 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.738603 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.738603 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:134:p:590-613 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Abdelrahman Author-X-Name-First: M. Author-X-Name-Last: Abdelrahman Title: A hierarchy of struggles? The ‘economic’ and the ‘political’ in Egypt's revolution Abstract: Egypt's revolutionary process is facing serious challenges, not least of which is the absence of a broadly based movement that can harness the energy of the masses. The forces of the counter-revolution are using all means to derail the process especially by effecting a schism between ‘economic’ and ‘political’ demands where the former is portrayed as extraneous to the course of the revolution. The article demonstrates how this separation in any struggle is falsely conceived and in the case of Egypt is being used as a deliberate tactic to protect the interests of the capitalist state and its agents. [Une hiérarchie de lutte? L'aspect « économique » et « politique » dans la révolution égyptienne.] Le processus révolutionnaire d'Égypte est confronté à de sérieux défis, non des moindres est l'absence d'un vaste mouvement qui peut canaliser l'énergie des masses. Les forces de la contre-révolution utilisent tous les moyens pour déstabiliser le processus, notamment en effectuant un schisme entre les demandes « économique » et « politique », où l'ancien est dépeint comme étant étranger à la marche de la révolution. L'article montre comment cette séparation dans toute lutte est faussement conçue et dans le cas où l'Égypte est utilisée comme une tactique délibérée pour protéger les intérêts de l'État capitaliste et ses agents. <bold>Mots-clés</bold>: Égypte  manifestations  néolibéralisme Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 614-628 Issue: 134 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.738419 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.738419 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:134:p:614-628 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Grant Jarvie Author-X-Name-First: Grant Author-X-Name-Last: Jarvie Author-Name: Michelle Sikes Author-X-Name-First: Michelle Author-X-Name-Last: Sikes Title: Running as a resource of hope? Voices from Eldoret Abstract: There is a continuing debate about East African running success. Few studies have considered wealth as a key motivation behind wanting to run. This article focuses upon the motivations of Kenyan women who choose to participate in professional running and the impact on them, their families and wider communities. Much of the fieldwork for this study took place in and around the town of Eldoret. It encourages researchers interested in sport in Africa to develop a political economy approach to running and to critically evaluate the claims made for sport as a resource of hope. [L'entreprenariat en tant que ressource d'espoir? Des voix s'élèvent depuis Eldoret.] Il y a un débat qui se poursuit au sujet du succès dans l'émergence de l'Afrique de l'Est. Peu d'études ont considéré la richesse comme étant une motivation clé derrière le désir d'entreprendre. Cet article se concentre sur les motivations des femmes kenyanes qui choisissent de participer à la gestion d'entreprise et son impact sur elles, sur leurs familles et sur les communautés plus étendues. Une grande partie du travail sur le terrain et pour cette étude, a eu lieu dans et autour de la ville d'Eldoret. Il encourage les chercheurs qui s'intéressent au sport en Afrique à développer une approche d'économie politique à l'exécution et à l'évaluation critique des demandes formulées pour le sport en tant que ressource d'espoir. <bold>Mots-clés</bold>: courir au Kenya  ; les femmes  ; les chances de la vie  ; les motivations  ; les richesses  ; les ressources Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 629-644 Issue: 134 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.738416 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.738416 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:134:p:629-644 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martin Plaut Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Plaut Title: The legacy of Meles Zenawi Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 645-654 Issue: 134 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.738796 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.738796 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:134:p:645-654 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jeanne Koopman Author-X-Name-First: Jeanne Author-X-Name-Last: Koopman Title: Land grabs, government, peasant and civil society activism in the Senegal River Valley Abstract: Following the Briefing in the last issue of <italic>ROAPE</italic>, this Debates contribution again uses Senegalese evidence to explore the interests and actions of major participants in the struggle to transform African agriculture: government, national elites, peasants and their civil society allies. The first section examines government motivations in facilitating land grabs; the second reviews a seminal land grab case in the Senegal River Valley that illustrates the growing sophistication of the peasant pushback and the emergence of an anti-land grab coalition between civil society and peasant organisations. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 655-664 Issue: 134 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.738797 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.738797 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:134:p:655-664 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luke Sinwell Author-X-Name-First: Luke Author-X-Name-Last: Sinwell Title: Sharpening the <italic>Weapons of the weak</italic>: a response to Carin Runciman Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 665-671 Issue: 134 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.738798 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.738798 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:134:p:665-671 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Trevor Parfitt Author-X-Name-First: Trevor Author-X-Name-Last: Parfitt Title: Development ethics: means of the means? Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 672-681 Issue: 134 Volume: 39 Year: 2012 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.738799 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.738799 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:39:y:2012:i:134:p:672-681 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miles Larmer Author-X-Name-First: Miles Author-X-Name-Last: Larmer Author-Name: Ann Laudati Author-X-Name-First: Ann Author-X-Name-Last: Laudati Author-Name: John F. Clark Author-X-Name-First: John F. Author-X-Name-Last: Clark Title: Neither war nor peace in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC): profiting and coping amid violence and disorder Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 1-12 Issue: 135 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.762165 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.762165 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:135:p:1-12 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lars-Christopher Huening Author-X-Name-First: Lars-Christopher Author-X-Name-Last: Huening Title: Making use of the past: the Rwandophone question and the ‘Balkanisation of the Congo’ Abstract: Since the end of the second Congo war (1998--2003), the eastern Congolese provinces of North and South Kivu have remained in a state of neither war nor peace. With the re-emergence of rebellion in mid 2012, tensions have again risen between self-styled ‘native’ or ‘autochthon’ groups, and populations of both Congolese Hutu and Tutsi, often called ‘Rwandophones’. Whereas the former groups fear a looming ‘Rwandophone rise’, which will supposedly usher in Congo's ‘Balkanisation’, Rwandophone Hutu and especially Tutsi are afraid of marginalisation and renewed persecution. This article historicises the powerful meaning and tenacity of current fears of the ‘other’ that stand behind prevalent identity-markers and concepts such as ‘Rwandophone’ and ‘Balkanisation’, and which continue to fuel the present Kivutien identity conflict. In this regard, the period from <italic>c</italic>.1990 to 1996 was especially formative in the emergence of conflicting identities and the concurrent radicalisation of Congo's political discourse. From the vantage point of Kinshasa's press, this article reconstructs how the use of selective memories, claims about and mythico-historical visions of the past were instrumental in shaping Rwandophone identity formation. [L'utilisation du passé : la question Rwandophone et la ‘Balkanisation du Congo’]. Depuis la fin de la deuxième guerre du Congo (1998--2003), les provinces de l'est du Congo, Nord-Kivu et Sud-Kivu, sont restées dans un état ni de guerre, ni de paix. Avec la réémergence de la rébellion à partir de la moitié de l'année 2012, des tensions sont de nouveau apparues entre des soi-disant groupes 'd'autochtones' ou 'd'indigènes' et des populations congolaises tant Hutu que Tutsi, souvent appelés ‘Rwandophones'. Alors que les groupes dits ‘autochtones’ craignent une ‘une montée imminente des Rwandophones’, laquelle conduirait vraisemblablement à une 'Balkanisation' du Congo, les populations dites ‘Rwandophone’, Hutu et en particulier Tutsi, craignent une marginalisation et une nouvelle persécution. Cet article retrace la puissante signification et la ténacité des peurs actuelles 'de l'autre' qui s'appuient sur des marqueurs d'identité existants et des concepts tels que la ‘Rwandophonie’ et la ‘Balkanisation', lesquels continuent d'alimenter le présent conflit d'identité dans les Kivu. À ce propos, la période de 1990 à 1996 était particulièrement décisive dans l'émergence d'identités opposées et de radicalisation simultanée du discours politique du Congo. Du point de vue de la presse de Kinshasa, cet article reconstruit la manière dont l'utilisation des souvenirs sélectifs, les revendications et les visions mythico-historiques du passé ont contribué à la structuration de la formation identitaire des Rwandophones. <bold>Mots-clés</bold> : Congo ; identité ; Rwandophones ; Rwanda ; Balkanisation ; Kivus Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 13-31 Issue: 135 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.761603 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.761603 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:135:p:13-31 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ann Laudati Author-X-Name-First: Ann Author-X-Name-Last: Laudati Title: Beyond minerals: broadening ‘economies of violence’ in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo Abstract: This paper expands current understandings on resource wars by arguing for a comprehensive ‘economies of violence’ that considers the wider range of activities that rebel groups are engaged in beyond minerals. Using evidence from fieldwork in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo together with recent scholarship, this paper draws on six secondary economies to construct a broader political economy of Congo's divergent natural-resource wealth. It then considers how the engagement of armed groups in these activities creates opportunities, alternative livelihoods and governance structures, as well as new forms of conflict, and what these processes may hold for the future of the region. [Au-delà des minéraux : l'extension des ‘économies de violence’ dans l'est de la République Démocratique du Congo]. Cette étude développe les recherches actuelles sur les guerres des ressources en argumentant en faveur d'une prise en compte des 'économies de violence' qui comprennent la plus large gamme d'activités dans lesquelles les groupes de rebelles se sont engagés, au-delà de l'extraction des minéraux. En utilisant les résultats des recherches sur le terrain dans l'est de la RDC et les recherches récentes, cette étude décrit six économies secondaires pour représenter une économie politique plus large de la richesse divergente des ressources minérales du Congo. Cette étude examine ensuite comment l'engagement des groupes armés dans ces activités crée des opportunités, des modes de subsistance alternatifs et des structures de gouvernance, ainsi que de nouvelles formes de conflits et ce que ces processus peuvent impliquer pour l'avenir de la région. <bold>Mots-clés</bold> : guerres des ressources ; République Démocratique du Congo ; économies parallèles ; économies de violence ; malédiction des ressources naturelles Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 32-50 Issue: 135 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.760446 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.760446 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:135:p:32-50 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nicole C. D'Errico Author-X-Name-First: Nicole C. Author-X-Name-Last: D'Errico Author-Name: Tshibangu Kalala Author-X-Name-First: Tshibangu Author-X-Name-Last: Kalala Author-Name: Louise Bashige Nzigire Author-X-Name-First: Louise Bashige Author-X-Name-Last: Nzigire Author-Name: Felicien Maisha Author-X-Name-First: Felicien Author-X-Name-Last: Maisha Author-Name: Luc Malemo Kalisya Author-X-Name-First: Luc Author-X-Name-Last: Malemo Kalisya Title: ‘You say rape, I say hospitals. But whose voice is louder?’ Health, aid and decision-making in the Democratic Republic of Congo Abstract: In the last decade, scholars and humanitarians have rightly drawn attention to the high rates of gender-based violence in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), which are associated with the high levels of conflict in the country since 1996. However, this focus detracts from the general health problems that stem from the deterioration of the health sector, which began long before the outbreak of war. This article analyses local perceptions of the determinants of maternal health and illness in eastern DRC, and identifies ways in which women cope with barriers to health care that derive from an inadequate and/or absent health-care system. The article demonstrates that in both urban and rural locations in all four provinces of eastern DRC, women have organised to address their own vulnerabilities, which, according to them, amount to more than exposure to gender-based violence. The existence of these informal systems demonstrates the need to reassess the image of Congolese women as primarily passive victims and/or targets of violence. The article suggests that these culturally rooted indigenous solutions be evaluated as worthy recipients of development funding, which is often exclusively offered to international organisations. [« Vous dites viol, je dis hôpitaux. Mais qui parle le plus fort ? » : La santé, l'aide et la prise de décision dans la République Démocratique du Congo]. Durant la dernière décennie, les érudits et les humanitaires ont correctement attiré l'attention sur les taux élevés de violence sur la seule base du genre dans l'est de la République Démocratique du Congo (RDC), qui sont en lien avec les hauts niveaux de conflit dans le pays depuis 1996. Pourtant, cette attention sur les violences sexuelles détourne l'attention qui devrait être portée aux problèmes sanitaires généraux qui sont dus à la détérioration du secteur de la santé, qui a commencé longtemps avant l'émergence de la guerre. Cet article examine les perceptions locales des déterminants de la santé maternelle et de la maladie dans l'est de la RDC et identifie les manières avec lesquelles les femmes s'adaptent aux difficultés d'accès aux soins de santé qui résultent d'un système de santé publique insuffisant et/ou absent. L'article montre que dans les zones tant urbaines que rurales et dans les quatre provinces de l'est de la RDC, les femmes se sont organisées pour faire face à leurs propres vulnérabilités, qui, selon elles, représentent un problème plus important que l'exposition à la violence fondée sur le genre. L'existence de ces systèmes informels démontre le besoin de reconsidérer l'image des femmes congolaises comme étant en premier lieu des victimes passives et/ou des objets de violences. L'article suggère que ces solutions culturellement enracinées dans le modèle local pourraient être évaluées comme des bénéficiaires louables de l'aide au développement, laquelle est souvent exclusivement délivrée à des organisations internationales. <bold>Mots-clés</bold> : Congo ; viol ; santé ; violence liée au genre ; conflit Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 51-66 Issue: 135 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.761962 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.761962 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:135:p:51-66 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Judith Verweijen Author-X-Name-First: Judith Author-X-Name-Last: Verweijen Title: Military business and the business of the military in the Kivus Abstract: Contrary to dominant approaches that locate the causes for military entrepreneurialism in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo predominantly in criminal military elites, this article highlights the importance of the Congolese military's (FARDC) civilian context for understanding military revenue-generation. It analyses how the latter is shaped by structures of domination, signification and legitimisation that drive and are driven by the FARDC's governance, private protection and security practices. It argues that these practices contribute to bestowing a degree of legitimacy on both the FARDC's position of power and some of its revenue-generation activities. Furthermore, by emphasising that the FARDC's regulatory and protection practices are partly the product of popular demands and the routine actions of civilians, the article contends that the causes of military revenue-generation are co-located in the military's civilian environment. In this manner, it offers a more nuanced conceptualisation of military entrepreneurialism, thus opening up new perspectives on policy interventions in this area. [Les affaires militaires et les affaires des militaires dans le Kivu]. Contrairement aux approches dominantes qui trouvent les causes de l'entrepreneuriat des militaires dans l'est de la RDC essentiellement dans les élites militaires criminelles, cet article met en exergue l'importance du contexte civil de l'armée congolaise (FARDC) pour comprendre les pratiques militaires génératrices de revenus. Il analyse comment ces dernières sont influencées par les structures de domination, de signification et de légitimation qui conduisent et sont conduites par les pratiques de gouvernance, de protection privée et de sécurité des FARDC. L'article soutient que ces pratiques contribuent à l'attribution d'un degré de légitimité tant sur la position du pouvoir des FARDC que sur certaines de leurs activités de génération de revenus. En outre, en insistant sur le fait que les pratiques de protection et de régulation des FARDC résultent en partie des demandes populaires et des actions de routine des civils, l'article soutient que les origines des activités de génération de revenus des militaires sont co-localisés dans l'environnement civil des militaires. De cette manière, l'article offre une conceptualisation de l'entreprenariat militaire plus nuancé, ouvrant ainsi de nouvelles perspectives pour les interventions des bailleurs de fonds dans ce domaine. <bold>Mots-clés</bold> : Armée congolaise ; Kivu ; militarisation ; économies informelles ; réforme de l'armée Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 67-82 Issue: 135 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.761602 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.761602 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:135:p:67-82 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laura E. Seay Author-X-Name-First: Laura E. Author-X-Name-Last: Seay Title: Effective responses: Protestants, Catholics and the provision of health care in the post-war Kivus Abstract: In extremely weak states, why are some civil society organisations better at providing health care than others? The case of health-care provision in the Kivu provinces of the eastern DRC provides a useful context in which to examine this question. Faced with the negative effects of more than 15 years of conflict, civil society organisations are the only institutions capable of providing social services. This article uses a series of case studies of local, faith-based health-care providers to argue that a number of historical, demographic and institutional factors cause some groups to develop stronger social capital networks than others. This in turn affects the degree of effectiveness that an organisation will have in providing social services in the state's absence. In doing so, they effectively substitute for the state in its role as a provider and regulator of public goods. [Réponses efficaces : les Protestants, les Catholiques et la prévention des soins sanitaires dans le Kivu d'après-guerre]. Dans les états extrêmement faibles, pourquoi certaines organisations de la société civile sont plus efficaces pour fournir les soins sanitaires que d'autres? Le cas de prévention des soins sanitaires dans les provinces du Kivu à l'est de la RDC fournit un contexte pertinent pour examiner cette question. Faisant face aux effets négatifs de plus de 15 ans de conflits, les organisations de la société civile sont les seules institutions capables de fournir des services sociaux. Cet article utilise une série d'études de cas de fournisseurs de soins de santé confessionnels opérant au niveau local, pour soutenir qu'un certain nombre de facteurs historiques, démographiques et institutionnels permettent à certains groupes de développer de plus forts réseaux sociaux que d'autres. Ceci affecte à son tour le degré d'efficacité d'une organisation dans la fourniture de services sociaux en l'absence de l'État. De cette manière, ils se substituent effectivement à l'État dans son rôle de fournisseur et régulateur de biens publics. <bold>Mots-clés</bold> : RDC ; soins de santé, religion ; les Protestants, les Catholiques ; Kivu Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 83-97 Issue: 135 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.761601 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.761601 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:135:p:83-97 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ashley E. Leinweber Author-X-Name-First: Ashley E. Author-X-Name-Last: Leinweber Title: From devastation to mobilisation: the Muslim community's involvement in social welfare in post-conflict DRC Abstract: Undisputedly, more than a decade of war in the Democratic Republic of Congo has had an immensely negative impact on the social fabric of communities. However, tales of woe and destruction are not all that have arisen out of the ashes of the Congo wars. In fact, the minority Muslim community has capitalised upon the opportunity of this historical moment of state weakness and desperate human need to mobilise for the benefit of the larger society. Despite decades of marginalisation and withdrawal from political and development realms, in post-conflict DRC, Muslim associations are organising to provide social services, especially education. [De la dévastation à la mobilisation : le rôle de la communauté musulmane dans la fourniture deles services sociaux dans la période après-conflit en RDC] Incontestablement, plus d'une décennie de guerre dans la République Démocratique du Congo a eu un impact très négatif sur la structure sociale des communautés. Pourtant, les histoires de malheur et de destruction ne sont pas les seules choses qui sont nées des cendres des guerres du Congo. En fait, la communauté minoritaire musulmane a misé sur l'opportunité de ce moment historique de faiblesse de l'État et de besoins humanitaires urgents pour se mobiliser en faveur de la société dans son ensemble. Malgré les décennies de marginalisation et le retrait des domaines politiques et du développement, dans la RDC d'après conflit, les associations musulmanes s'organisent pour fournir des services sociaux, en particulier dans le domaine de l'éducation. <bold>Mots-clés :</bold> Congo ; Islam ; sciences politiques ; éducation ; états défaillants ; institutions hybrides Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 98-115 Issue: 135 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.760445 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.760445 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:135:p:98-115 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kristof Titeca Author-X-Name-First: Kristof Author-X-Name-Last: Titeca Author-Name: Tom De Herdt Author-X-Name-First: Tom Author-X-Name-Last: De Herdt Author-Name: Inge Wagemakers Author-X-Name-First: Inge Author-X-Name-Last: Wagemakers Title: God and Caesar in the Democratic Republic of Congo: negotiating church--state relations through the management of school fees in Kinshasa's Catholic schools Abstract: This article argues that state (re)construction and functioning involves negotiated governance between both state and non-state actors, in which power relations between local actors are not just implicitly present or co-influencing policies but are of uttermost importance to the formation of policy and state. One of the main non-state actors in African service delivery is the church. State and church are two major poles of power which determine -- through negotiation -- large domains of service delivery, such as education. We discuss a major attempt by the Catholic Church to reform the school-fee system in Kinshasa (DRC). The attempt largely failed, but its analysis reveals the political capabilities of different actors involved. The arrangements of state and non-state actors largely evolve in a roundabout way, not at all along the lines of an explicit negotiation process, and are very much determined by local-level governance instead of higher-level policies. [Dieu et César dans la République Démocratique du Congo : les négociations des relations entre l'église et l'état à travers l'administration des frais de scolarité dans les écoles Catholiques de Kinshasa.] Cet article soutient que la (re)construction de l'État et son fonctionnement impliquent une gouvernance négociée tant entre les acteurs étatiques et non-étatiques, et dans laquelle les relations de pouvoir ne sont pas seulement présentes implicitement ou ne font pas qu'influencer conjointement les politiques, mais sont d'importance capitale à la formation de la politique et de l'État. Un des acteurs non-étatiques principaux dans la fourniture de service en Afrique est l'Église. L'État et l'Église sont deux pôles importants de pouvoir qui déterminent - par la négociation - les grands domaines de fourniture de services, comme l'éducation. Cette étude examine une tentative de réforme majeure du système des frais scolaires à Kinshasa (RDC) par l'Église catholique. La tentative a échoué en grande partie, mais son analyse révèle les capacités politiques des différents acteurs impliqués. Les accords des acteurs étatiques et non-étatiques se développent majoritairement d'une manière détournée, pas du tout dans le sens d'un processus de négociation explicite, et sont très largement déterminées par la gouvernance au niveau local à défaut de politiques d'un niveau supérieur. <bold>Mots-clés</bold> : République Démocratique du Congo ; l'État ; l'Église ; gouvernance ; secteur éducatif   Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 116-131 Issue: 135 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.761963 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.761963 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:135:p:116-131 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stylianos Moshonas Author-X-Name-First: Stylianos Author-X-Name-Last: Moshonas Title: Looking beyond reform failure in the Democratic Republic of Congo Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 132-140 Issue: 135 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.762149 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.762149 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:135:p:132-140 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Theodore Trefon Author-X-Name-First: Theodore Author-X-Name-Last: Trefon Title: Uncertainty and powerlessness in Congo 2012 Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 141-151 Issue: 135 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.762148 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.762148 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:135:p:141-151 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Johanna Jansson Author-X-Name-First: Johanna Author-X-Name-Last: Jansson Title: The Sicomines agreement revisited: prudent Chinese banks and risk-taking Chinese companies Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 152-162 Issue: 135 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.762167 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.762167 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:135:p:152-162 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jason K. Stearns Author-X-Name-First: Jason K. Author-X-Name-Last: Stearns Title: The trouble with the Congo: local violence and the failure of international peacebuilding Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 163-167 Issue: 135 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.760861 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.760861 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:135:p:163-167 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jason Robinson Author-X-Name-First: Jason Author-X-Name-Last: Robinson Title: Political economy of media transformation in South Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 168-169 Issue: 135 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.738801 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.738801 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:135:p:168-169 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Georgios Tsopanakis Author-X-Name-First: Georgios Author-X-Name-Last: Tsopanakis Title: Chocolate nations: living and dying for cocoa in West Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 170-171 Issue: 135 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.738802 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.738802 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:135:p:170-171 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mohamed Haji Ingiriis Author-X-Name-First: Mohamed Haji Author-X-Name-Last: Ingiriis Title: Getting Somalia wrong? Faith, war and hope in a shattered state Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 172-173 Issue: 135 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.760862 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.760862 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:135:p:172-173 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Clive Gabay Author-X-Name-First: Clive Author-X-Name-Last: Gabay Title: Political culture and nationalism in Malawi: building Kwacha Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 174-175 Issue: 135 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.760863 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2012.760863 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:135:p:174-175 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alfred Zack-Williams Author-X-Name-First: Alfred Author-X-Name-Last: Zack-Williams Title: Neo-imperialism and African development Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 179-184 Issue: 136 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.797759 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.797759 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:136:p:179-184 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hazel Gray Author-X-Name-First: Hazel Author-X-Name-Last: Gray Title: Industrial policy and the political settlement in Tanzania: aspects of continuity and change since independence Abstract: This article explores Tanzania's experience of industrial policy since independence through the concept of the political settlement. Higher growth in manufacturing since 1996 has been seen as a vindication of neoliberal policies of market liberalisation. Yet, the neoliberal approach fails to take account of the important legacy of state-led industrialisation under socialism and aspects of the political economy of the state in Tanzania that explain some of the longer-term constraints on industrialisation. Critical aspects of Tanzania's political settlement relate to state--capital relations and the distribution of power between contenting factions of intermediate classes within the state. [Politique industrielle et le règlement politique en Tanzanie: aspects de continuité et de changement depuis l'indépendance.] Cet article examine l'expérience tanzanienne en matière de politique industrielle depuis l'indépendance à travers le concept du règlement politique. La forte croissance dans le secteur industriel depuis 1996 a été considérée comme une justification de politiques néolibérales de libéralisation des marchés. Toutefois, l'approche néolibérale ne parvient pas à prendre en compte l'héritage important d'une industrialisation gérée par l'État sous le régime socialiste ainsi que les aspects de l'économie politique de l'État en Tanzanie, qui expliquent certaines des contraintes à plus long terme à l'industrialisation. Les aspects essentiels du règlement politique en Tanzanie concernent les relations État-capital et la répartition des pouvoirs entre les factions des classes intermédiaires se contentant de la situation au sein de l'État. <bold>Mots-clés</bold> : Tanzanie; règlements politiques; politique industrielle; production industrielle; libéralisation Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 185-201 Issue: 136 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.794725 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.794725 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:136:p:185-201 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hannah Cross Author-X-Name-First: Hannah Author-X-Name-Last: Cross Title: Labour and underdevelopment? Migration, dispossession and accumulation in West Africa and Europe Abstract: Recent waves of accumulation have been well documented in this journal with regard to land and natural resources, but labour is missing from these important analyses of profound continuity and change. This article focuses on 'step-wise' migrations and specifically on cases of emigration from Senegal and entry to the Spanish labour market. The labour regime is conceptualised as unfree labour mobility, which integrates dispossession, territorial control, illegalisation, the ideology of racism and the exploitation of labour. Finding salience in earlier theories of unfree labour, this article shows how the control of capital over migration to Europe perpetuates underdevelopment. [Travail et sous-développement? Migration, dépossession et accumulation en Afrique de l'Ouest et en Europe.] Les vagues récentes d'accumulation ont été bien documentées dans cette revue en ce qui concerne les ressources foncières et naturelles mais le travail n'est pas pris en considération dans ces analyses de continuité et de changement profonds. Cet article se concentre sur les migrations progressives et en particulier les cas d'émigration du Sénégal et d'entrée sur le marché du travail espagnol. Le régime du travail est conçu comme une mobilité du travail non-libre qui intègre la dépossession, le contrôle territorial, le travail illégal, l'idéologie du racisme et l'exploitation de la main d'œuvre. Recherchant le point saillant des théories existantes du travail non-libre, cet article montre comment le contrôle du capital sur les migrations vers l'Europe perpétue le sous-développement. <bold>Mots-clés</bold> : mobilité de la main d'œuvre; migration; Sénégal; accumulation par dépossession; sous-développement; Europe Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 202-218 Issue: 136 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.794727 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.794727 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:136:p:202-218 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paris Yeros Author-X-Name-First: Paris Author-X-Name-Last: Yeros Title: The rise and fall of trade unionism in Zimbabwe, Part I: 1990--1995 Abstract: This article is the first of a two-part study on the evolution of the Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions (ZCTU) in the 1990s. This first part covers the period 1990--1995, when the labour centre was in its most radical mode. This is demonstrated by tracing its interventions in the public debate, its mobilisation and democratisation campaign, and its escalating strike action. It is argued, however, that the weaknesses of the ZCTU, especially its lack of organic roots outside the formal sector and its dependence on foreign donors, set the stage for a significant change in its ideology and strategy. [La montée et la chute du syndicalisme au Zimbabwe, Part I: 1990--1995.] Cet article est le premier d'une étude en deux parties sur l'évolution du Congrès des syndicats du Zimbabwe (<italic>Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions</italic>, ZCTU) dans les années 90. La première partie couvre la période 1990--1995, époque à laquelle le mouvement des travailleurs était le plus radical. Les interventions de la ZCTU dans le débat public, ses campagnes de mobilisation et de démocratisation ainsi que ses actions de grève qui dégénéraient, nous montrent cette radicalité. Cependant, les faiblesses du ZCTU, en particulier son manque de liens en dehors du secteur formel et sa dépendance envers les bailleurs de fonds étrangers, ont été déterminant dans le changement significatif opéré par après dans son idéologie et sa stratégie. <bold>Mots-clés</bold> : Afrique; Zimbabwe; relations de travail; syndicalisme; démocratisation; développement Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 219-232 Issue: 136 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.795143 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.795143 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:136:p:219-232 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jesse Salah Ovadia Author-X-Name-First: Jesse Salah Author-X-Name-Last: Ovadia Title: Accumulation with or without dispossession? A 'both/and' approach to China in Africa with reference to Angola Abstract: In the burgeoning field of research on China in Africa, analyses generally fall on a continuum between two divergent positions. With reference to Angola, this paper reviews perspectives on China in Africa as well as the main features of Chinese engagement with the continent in order to interrogate the 'divide' between the 'China threat' and 'peaceful rise' positions. The goal is not to take a centrist position, but rather to suggest that China represents for Africa <italic>both</italic> a new imperialism <italic>and</italic> a new model of development. While differentiating between the new Euro-American and Chinese imperialisms, China's new engagement, exemplified by its relationship with Angola, is a project of recolonisation and appropriation of economic surplus. The Chinese variety of imperialism, however, offers African states a compromise to their elite and to their citizens that has heretofore been missing from post-colonial Euro-American imperialism -- the prospect of sustained economic growth and improvement to the quality of everyday life. [Accumulation avec ou sans dépossession? Une approche « à la fois/et » à la Chine en Afrique, avec comme exemple l'Angola.] Dans le domaine de la recherche en plein essor sur la Chine en Afrique, les analyses se situent généralement sur un continuum entre deux positions divergentes. En prenant comme exemple l'Angola, cet article examine les perspectives de la Chine en Afrique ainsi que les principales caractéristiques de l'engagement chinois envers le continent afin de questionner le fossé entre les positions craignant la « menace chinoise » et celle croyant en « la montée en puissance pacifique » du pays. L'objectif n'est pas d'adopter une position centriste, mais plutôt de suggérer que la Chine représente pour l'Afrique <italic>à la fois</italic> un nouvel impérialisme <italic>et</italic> un nouveau modèle de développement. Alors qu'il se différencie des nouveaux impérialismes euro-américains et chinois, le nouvel engagement de la Chine, illustré par sa relation avec l'Angola, est un projet de recolonisation et d'appropriation de l'excédent économique. La grande variété de l'impérialisme chinois offre cependant un compromis, à l'élite et aux citoyens des États africains, qui était précédemment absent de l'impérialisme postcolonial euro-américain -- la perspective d'une croissance économique durable et de l'amélioration de la qualité de la vie de tous les jours. <bold>Mots-clés</bold> : Chine Angola; pétrole; accumulation; nouvel impérialisme Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 233-250 Issue: 136 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.794724 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.794724 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:136:p:233-250 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carlos Oya Author-X-Name-First: Carlos Author-X-Name-Last: Oya Title: Rural wage employment in Africa: methodological issues and emerging evidence Abstract: This article explores the evidence on rural labour markets and wage employment in sub-Saharan Africa. The article argues that much of the official statistical evidence on rural wage employment is either scarce or unreliable, and discusses a number of hypotheses and reasons for this. A number of alternatives are discussed to overcome the most serious weaknesses of conventional data collection methods and to illustrate their usefulness with selected findings and emerging themes from field research that has attempted to overcome the shortcomings of standard household surveys in rural Africa, in order to capture the nature and dynamics of rural wage employment. [L'emploi salarié dans les zones rurales en Afrique : questions méthodologiques et nouvelles données.] Cet article examine les données sur les marchés du travail et le travail salarié dans les zones rurales en Afrique subsaharienne. L'article soutient que la plupart des données statistiques officielles sur l'emploi salarié rural est soit rare, soit non fiable, et discute d'un certain nombre d'hypothèses et raisons pour ce résultat. Un certain nombre d'alternatives sont discutées pour pallier aux faiblesses les plus sérieuses des méthodes conventionnelles de collecte de données ainsi que pour illustrer leur utilité quant aux résultats sélectionnés et aux thèmes de recherche émergents ayant tenté de pallier aux lacunes des enquêtes standards auprès des ménages dans les zones rurales africaines, afin de saisir la nature et les dynamiques de l'emploi salarié rural. <bold>Mots-clés</bold> : marchés du travail en zone rurale; emploi salarié agricole; méthodologie d'enquête; Afrique; pauvreté Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 251-273 Issue: 136 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.794728 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.794728 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:136:p:251-273 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Simone Claar Author-X-Name-First: Simone Author-X-Name-Last: Claar Author-Name: Andreas Nölke Author-X-Name-First: Andreas Author-X-Name-Last: Nölke Title: Deep Integration in north--south relations: compatibility issues between the EU and South Africa Abstract: Deep Integration (DI), defined as the abolishment of 'behind the border' trade restrictions, has been a major focus of activity within the European Union. More recently, Deep Integration has also been included in the negotiations of new bilateral and regional trade agreements. This paper chooses the current EU--South Africa negotiations as a case study and argues that these tendencies may become a dangerous restriction for the economic policy space of the South African government. We will discuss selected issues of Deep Integration projects -- in particular corporate governance and competition policies -- with a 'comparative capitalism' framework as the analytical backdrop. [Intégration forte dans les relations nord-sud: questions de compatibilité entre l'UE et l'Afrique du Sud.] L'intégration forte, définie comme la suppression des restrictions commerciales au-delà des frontières, a été un objectif majeur au sein de l'Union européenne (UE). Plus récemment, l'intégration forte a également été incluse dans les négociations de nouveaux accords commerciaux bilatéraux et régionaux. Cet article a choisi les négociations actuelles entre l'UE et l'Afrique du Sud comme cas d'étude et soutient que ces tendances pourraient devenir une restriction dangereuse aux marges de manœuvre du gouvernement sud-africain. Certaines questions relatives à des projets d'intégration forte seront discutées -- en particulier la gouvernance des entreprises et les politiques de concurrence -- le cadre analytique choisi étant le contexte d'un « capitalisme comparé ». <bold>Mots-clés</bold> : intégration forte; capitalisme comparé; relations nord--sud; gouvernance des entreprises; politique de la concurrence Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 274-289 Issue: 136 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.794726 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.794726 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:136:p:274-289 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Matteo Rizzo Author-X-Name-First: Matteo Author-X-Name-Last: Rizzo Title: Informalisation and the end of trade unionism as we knew it? Dissenting remarks from a Tanzanian case study Abstract: This paper analyses the political organisation by informal transport workers, and their partial achievements in claiming rights at work from employers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania's largest city, from 1995 to the present. The paper takes issue with the influential view that, due to widespread economic informalisation, trade unionism and workplace labourism are no longer a viable option for defending workers' interests. From less despondent approaches to the possibilities for labour(ism), it borrows the insight that making sense of workers' unrest requires a political economy approach. This entails, first and foremost, locating workers within their economic structure, and understanding their relationship to capital. The paper thus starts by sketching out the state of public transport in Dar es Salaam, the predominant employment relationship in the sector, and the balance of power between bus owners and workers. It then analyses workers' organisation since 1997, workers' strategies to achieve (in conjunction with the Tanzania transport workers union) the formalisation of the employment relationship with bus owners, and their progress towards it. The conclusion reflects on the broader lessons that can be learned from this case study. [Informalisation et fin du syndicalisme traditionnel? Réflexions dissidentes à partir d'une étude de cas en Tanzanie.] Cet article analyse l'organisation politique des travailleurs informels du secteur des transports, et les résultats de leurs revendications pour faire valoir leurs droits fondamentaux au travail auprès des employeurs à Dar es Salaam, première ville de Tanzanie, de 1995 à maintenant. L'article conteste l'opinion influente selon laquelle, en raison de la généralisation du travail informel économique, le syndicalisme et le <italic>labourism</italic> ou « travaillisme » sur le poste de travail ne sont plus une option viable pour défendre les intérêts des travailleurs. À partir d'approches moins pessimistes sur le potentiel du « travail(lisme) », l'article suit l'idée selon laquelle la compréhension des conflits sociaux nécessite une approche en terme d'économie politique. Ceci implique, avant toute chose, de placer les travailleurs au sein de leur structure économique, et comprendre leur relation au capital. L'article commence donc par esquisser l'état du transport public à Dar es Salaam, les relations d'emploi prédominantes dans le secteur, et le partage du pouvoir entre les propriétaires des bus et les travailleurs. L'article analyse ensuite l'organisation des travailleurs depuis 1997, les stratégies des travailleurs pour arriver (en conjonction avec le syndicat des travailleurs du transport de Tanzanie) à la formalisation des relations d'emploi avec les propriétaires des bus, et les progrès accomplis. La conclusion se penche sur les leçons plus larges pouvant être tirées de cette étude de cas. <bold>Mots-clés</bold> : syndicats; économie informelle; droits du travail; transport urbain; gouvernance urbaine; Tanzanie Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 290-308 Issue: 136 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.794729 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.794729 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:136:p:290-308 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Giuliano Martiniello Author-X-Name-First: Giuliano Author-X-Name-Last: Martiniello Title: Land dispossession and rural social movements: the 2011 conference in Mali Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 309-320 Issue: 136 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.797762 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.797762 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:136:p:309-320 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martin Plaut Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Plaut Title: How unstable is the Horn of Africa? Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 321-330 Issue: 136 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.797760 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.797760 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:136:p:321-330 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lars Buur Author-X-Name-First: Lars Author-X-Name-Last: Buur Title: Security beyond the state: private security in international politics Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 331-332 Issue: 136 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.797763 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.797763 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:136:p:331-332 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hannah Cross Author-X-Name-First: Hannah Author-X-Name-Last: Cross Title: Chronique d'une transition and La face cachée de la révolution tunisienne: Islamisme et occident, une alliance à haut risque Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 333-335 Issue: 136 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.797768 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.797768 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:136:p:333-335 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Philani Moyo Author-X-Name-First: Philani Author-X-Name-Last: Moyo Title: Urban appropriation and transformation: bicycle taxi and handcart operators in Mzuzu, Malawi Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 336-338 Issue: 136 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.797769 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.797769 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:136:p:336-338 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Olabisi Delebayo Akinkugbe Author-X-Name-First: Olabisi Delebayo Author-X-Name-Last: Akinkugbe Title: South--South cooperation: Africa on the centre stage Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 339-340 Issue: 136 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.797771 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.797771 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:136:p:339-340 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Claire Mercer Author-X-Name-First: Claire Author-X-Name-Last: Mercer Title: Editorial Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 341-342 Issue: 137 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.817085 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.817085 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:137:p:341-342 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Baz Lecocq Author-X-Name-First: Baz Author-X-Name-Last: Lecocq Author-Name: Gregory Mann Author-X-Name-First: Gregory Author-X-Name-Last: Mann Author-Name: Bruce Whitehouse Author-X-Name-First: Bruce Author-X-Name-Last: Whitehouse Author-Name: Dida Badi Author-X-Name-First: Dida Author-X-Name-Last: Badi Author-Name: Lotte Pelckmans Author-X-Name-First: Lotte Author-X-Name-Last: Pelckmans Author-Name: Nadia Belalimat Author-X-Name-First: Nadia Author-X-Name-Last: Belalimat Author-Name: Bruce Hall Author-X-Name-First: Bruce Author-X-Name-Last: Hall Author-Name: Wolfram Lacher Author-X-Name-First: Wolfram Author-X-Name-Last: Lacher Title: One hippopotamus and eight blind analysts: a multivocal analysis of the 2012 political crisis in the divided Republic of Mali Abstract: This is an exercise in contemporary history that aims to give a comprehensive background and analysis to the current (2012) political crisis in Mali, generated by the start of a new Tuareg nationalist uprising against the state, complemented by a coordinated attack on the state by both international (AQIM) and local Jihadi--Salafi movements, leading to a <italic>coup d'état</italic> against the incumbent President Touré, and finallly a political stalemate of great concern to the international community. By pooling sources and analysis, a group of eight scholars tries to give a comprehensive overall picture. [Un hippopotame et huit analystes aveugles : une analyse à plusieurs voix de la crise politique de 2012 dans la République du Mali divisée.] Cet exercice d'histoire contemporaine vise à fournir le contexte et une analyse complète de l'actuelle crise politique au Mali (2012). Initiée par l'amorce d'un nouveau soulèvement nationaliste touareg, la crise s'est aggravée suite à l'attaque coordonnée de mouvements salafistes jihadistes internationaux (Aqmi) et locaux contre l'Etat malien, conduisant à un coup d'Etat contre le président Touré en exercice, et, finalement, à une impasse politique inquiétante pour la communauté internationale. Mettant en commun sources et analyses, un groupe de huit chercheurs tente de fournir une étude complète de la situation. <bold>Mots-clés</bold> : Mali ; Azawad ; Sahel ; djihad ; Touareg ; rébellion Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 343-357 Issue: 137 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.799063 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.799063 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:137:p:343-357 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ernest Harsch Author-X-Name-First: Ernest Author-X-Name-Last: Harsch Title: The legacies of Thomas Sankara: a revolutionary experience in retrospect Abstract: A quarter century after the 15 October 1987 assassination of Thomas Sankara in a military coup, the late president of Burkina Faso remains a near-mythical hero for many young people in his country and across Africa. They idealise the image of a committed, self-sacrificing rebel, who during four years as leader of a small, impoverished Sahelian nation sought to improve the lives of ordinary people while at the same time projecting the country onto the international arena. Why has popular interest in Sankara persisted for so long, despite the collapse of his short-lived revolutionary venture? How is it that each anniversary of his death draws hundreds, if not thousands, to commemorations at his gravesite? This article offers some retrospective reflections and re-examines those features of Sankara's revolutionary era that still resonate with many citizens today, as well as those that have been left behind. [Héritage de Thomas Sankara ; retour sur une expérience révolutionnaire.] Un quart de siècle après l'assassinat de Thomas Sankara le 15 octobre 1987 lors d'un coup d'état militaire, cet ancien président du Burkina Faso demeure un héro quasi mythique pour de nombreux jeunes dans son pays et à travers l'Afrique. Ils idéalisent l'image d'un rebelle engagé, plein d'abnégation, qui a cherché, pendant quatre ans à la tête d'une petite nation sahélienne pauvre, à améliorer le sort de gens ordinaires tout en projetant le pays sur la scène internationale. Pourquoi l'intérêt populaire pour Sankara a-t-il perduré si longtemps, malgré l'échec de son entreprise révolutionnaire de courte durée? Comment se fait-il que chaque anniversaire de sa mort amène des centaines, voire des milliers de personnes à venir sur sa tombe en commémoration. Cet article offre des réflexions rétrospectives et réexamine les caractéristiques de l'ère révolutionnaire de Sankara qui fait toujours sens pour de nombreux citoyens, comme pour les laissés pour compte. <bold>Mots-clés</bold> : Sankara ; Burkina Faso ; révolution ; mobilisation ; développement Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 358-374 Issue: 137 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.816947 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.816947 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:137:p:358-374 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Patricia Daley Author-X-Name-First: Patricia Author-X-Name-Last: Daley Title: Rescuing African bodies: celebrities, consumerism and neoliberal humanitarianism Abstract: This article examines the role of Western celebrities as part of new networks in the increasing commodification of humanitarianism in Africa. It explores the relationship between celebrities as neoliberal subjectivities and their shaping of ethical consumerism and humanitarian interventions. Using various case studies (Product RED, 50 Cent's SK drink, Save Darfur Campaign [United to End Genocide], Kony2012, Raise Hope for the Congo and the Eastern Congo Initiative), the article considers how celebrities frame humanitarian crises for public consumption, their link to accumulation by dispossession, and their impact on African agency and on international solidarity against corporate exploitation. [Secourir des corps africains: stars, consumérisme et humanitaire néolibéral.] Cet article examine le rôle de stars occidentales membres de nouveaux réseaux dans la marchandisation croissante de l'humanitaire en Afrique. Il explore les relations entre les stars, êtres néolibéraux, et leur façon d'élaborer un consumérisme éthique et des interventions humanitaires. Utilisant diverses études de cas (Produit rouge Product RED, boisson SK de 50 Cent, campagne pour sauver le Darfour [unis pour mettre fin au génocide], Kony2012, Espoir pour le Congo et l'Initiative pour l'est du Congo), l'article étudie comment les stars formatent les crises humanitaires pour la consommation du public, leur lien à l'accumulation par dépossession et leur impact sur l'agence africaine et la solidarité internationale contre l'exploitation commerciale. <bold>Mots-clés</bold>: stars ; humanitaire ; Kony2012 ; marchandisation ; consumérisme Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 375-393 Issue: 137 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.816944 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.816944 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:137:p:375-393 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paris Yeros Author-X-Name-First: Paris Author-X-Name-Last: Yeros Title: The rise and fall of trade unionism in Zimbabwe, Part II: 1995--2000 Abstract: This article is the second of a two-part study on the evolution of the Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions (ZCTU) in the 1990s. This second part covers the period 1995--2000, when the labour centre adopted a 'social democratic' ideology and a strategy of negotiation. This lasted until 1997, when the labour centre resolved to challenge the ruling party's hold on power. The article argues that the labour centre increasingly narrowed its democratisation critique to 'regime change', through which it gained a broad array of new allies, but which also terminally weakened its organic basis in the working class. [L'ascension et la chute du syndicalisme au Zimbabwe, 2e partie: 1995--2000]. Cet article est le second d'une étude en deux parties sur l'évolution du Congrès des syndicats du Zimbabwe (Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions, ZCTU) dans les années 90. Cette seconde partie couvre la période 1995--2000, durant laquelle le syndicat adopta une idéologie 'social démocrate' et une stratégie de négociation. Cela dura jusqu'en 1997, lorsqu'il décida de défier la mainmise du parti en place sur le pouvoir. Cet article soutient que le syndicat a peu à peu restreint sa critique de la démocratisation au 'changement de régime', évolution qui lui a rapporté tout un éventail de nouveaux alliés, mais qui a aussi, au final, affaibli sa base dans la classe ouvrière. <bold>Mots-clés</bold> : Afrique ; Zimbabwe ; relations de travail ; syndicalisme ; démocratisation ; développement Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 394-409 Issue: 137 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.816943 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.816943 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:137:p:394-409 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joseph A. Yaro Author-X-Name-First: Joseph A. Author-X-Name-Last: Yaro Title: Neoliberal globalisation and evolving local traditional institutions: implications for access to resources in rural northern Ghana Abstract: The world has become interconnected and interdependent well beyond the economic domains of life and this has consequences for the role of major institutions governing access to resources in rural Africa. Neoliberal globalisation is eroding the moral foundation of rural societies in ways that create unequal access to the resources needed for involvement and inclusion in the market relations of production and social reproduction. Using the case of rural northern Ghana, this article shows how the transformation of local traditional governance and institutions led to processes of accumulation for a few privileged ones while the majority are excluded through dispossession. [Mondialisation néolibérale et évolution d'institutions traditionnelles locales: impacts pour l'accès aux ressources dans le nord Ghana rural.] Le monde est devenu interconnecté et interdépendant, bien au-delà des questions économiques et cela a des conséquences pour le rôle d'institutions majeures qui gèrent l'accès aux ressources dans l'Afrique rurale. La mondialisation néolibérale érode les fondations morales des sociétés rurales à tel point qu'elle génère des inégalités dans l'accès aux ressources nécessaires pour l'inclusion au marché de la production et de la reproduction sociale. En travaillant sur le cas du nord Ghana rural, cet article montre comment la transformation des modes de gouvernance et institutions locales traditionnelles a conduit à des processus d'accumulation réservés à quelques rares privilégiés tandis que la majorité était spoliée et victime d'exclusion. <bold>Mots-clés</bold> : mondialisation néolibérale ; tradition ; institutions locales ; Ghana rural Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 410-427 Issue: 137 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.816945 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.816945 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:137:p:410-427 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Godwin Onuoha Author-X-Name-First: Godwin Author-X-Name-Last: Onuoha Title: Cultural interfaces of self-determination and the rise of the neo-Biafran movement in Nigeria Abstract: This article examines the 'cultural repertoires' of neo-Biafran separatist Igbo groups in south-eastern Nigeria, pointing to the ways in which cultural repertoires, narratives and emblems are deployed to forge a separatist ethno-political project in a multi-ethnic state. The neo-Biafran movement reveals the robustness of political resistance and the existence of multiple frameworks through which ethno-nationalist groups resist and challenge extant power structures of the state in the quest for self-determination. The article argues that ethnic groups have the capacity to initiate their own 'cultural repertoires' in order to construct group identity, identify forms of external identity (the 'other') and shore up the boundaries of their own collective group identity. Myths of origin, narratives of the past, images and symbols are rooted in certain cultural repertoires, and are elaborated, interpreted, invented and reinvented to produce political identities that are complex and fluid in the struggle for political power. [Interfaces culturelles d'autodétermination et montée du mouvement néo-biafrais au Nigeria.] Cet article examine les « répertoires culturels » des groupes igbo séparatistes du néo-Biafra au sud-est du Nigeria, désignant les façons dont les répertoires culturels, récits et symboles sont développés pour forger un projet séparatiste ethno-politique dans un É;tat multiethnique. Le mouvement néo-biafrais prouve la robustesse de la résistance politique et l'existence de multiples cadres au travers desquels les groupes ethno-nationalistes résistent et défient les structures de pouvoir existantes en quête d'auto-détermination. L'article affirme que les groupes ethniques ont la capacité d'initier leurs propres « répertoires culturels » afin de construire une identité de groupe, identifier des formes d'identité extérieure (« l'autre ») et construire les frontières de leur propre identité collective. Mythe des origines, récits du passé, images et symboles sont ancrés dans des répertoires culturels propres et sont élaborés, interprétés, inventés et réinventés pour produire des identités politiques qui sont complexes et fluides dans la lutte pour le pouvoir politique. <bold>Mots-clés</bold> : culture ; politique ; auto-détermination ; identité ethnique ; Igbo ; Nigeria Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 428-446 Issue: 137 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.816948 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.816948 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:137:p:428-446 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daniel Egiegba Agbiboa Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Egiegba Author-X-Name-Last: Agbiboa Title: Have we heard the last? Oil, environmental insecurity, and the impact of the amnesty programme on the Niger Delta resistance movement Abstract: The paper draws on the theories of relative deprivation (RD) and Edward Azar's protracted social conflicts (PSC) to explain how the twin woes of oil and environmental insecurity are implicated in the Niger Delta conflict. The paper presents a new empirical angle on the existing Niger Delta narrative by assessing the impact of the 2009 amnesty programme on resistance movements in the oil-rich region, while focusing on the Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND). The paper argues that the amnesty programme stops short of addressing underlying issues that continue to nurture sustained grievances in the Niger Delta. [Avons-nous entendu la dernière? Pétrole, insécurité environnementale et impact du programme d'amnistie du Mouvement de résistance du delta du Niger.] Ce document s'appuie sur la théorie de la privation relative et celle des conflits sociaux prolongés d'Edward Azar pour expliquer comment la double malédiction du pétrole et de l'insécurité environnementale est impliquée dans le conflit du delta du Niger. L'article présente un nouveau point de vue empirique sur l'histoire actuelle du delta du Niger en évaluant l'impact du programme d'amnistie des mouvements de résistance de 2009 dans cette région riche en pétrole, tout en se concentrant sur le Mouvement pour l'émancipation du delta du Niger. L'article affirme que le programme d'amnistie n'aborde pas les problèmes sous-jacents qui continuent d'alimenter les conflits dans le delta du Niger. <bold>Mots-clés</bold> : Delta du Niger ; Programme Amnesty ; insécurité environnementale ; MEND Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 447-465 Issue: 137 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.816946 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.816946 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:137:p:447-465 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Franklin Obeng-Odoom Author-X-Name-First: Franklin Author-X-Name-Last: Obeng-Odoom Title: Do African cities have markets for plastics or plastics for markets? Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 466-474 Issue: 137 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.817087 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.817087 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:137:p:466-474 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bob Kelly Author-X-Name-First: Bob Author-X-Name-Last: Kelly Author-Name: R. B. Bening Author-X-Name-First: R. B. Author-X-Name-Last: Bening Title: The Ghanaian elections of 2012 Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 475-484 Issue: 137 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.817089 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.817089 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:137:p:475-484 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John Loxley Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Loxley Title: Are public--private partnerships (PPPs) the answer to Africa's infrastructure needs? Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 485-495 Issue: 137 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.817091 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.817091 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:137:p:485-495 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rita Abrahamsen Author-X-Name-First: Rita Author-X-Name-Last: Abrahamsen Title: Domesticating vigilantism in Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 496-497 Issue: 137 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.820520 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.820520 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:137:p:496-497 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tunde Zack-Williams Author-X-Name-First: Tunde Author-X-Name-Last: Zack-Williams Title: War and the crisis of youth in Sierra Leone Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 498-500 Issue: 137 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.820521 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.820521 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:137:p:498-500 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ismail Lagardien Author-X-Name-First: Ismail Author-X-Name-Last: Lagardien Title: The political economy of pharmaceutical patents: sectional interests and the African group at the WTO Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 501-502 Issue: 137 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.820522 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.820522 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:137:p:501-502 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daniel R. Mekonnen Author-X-Name-First: Daniel R. Author-X-Name-Last: Mekonnen Title: Biopolitics, militarism and development: Eritrea in the twenty-first century Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 503-505 Issue: 137 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.820523 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.820523 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:137:p:503-505 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nicolas Pons-Vignon Author-X-Name-First: Nicolas Author-X-Name-Last: Pons-Vignon Author-Name: Aurelia Segatti Author-X-Name-First: Aurelia Author-X-Name-Last: Segatti Title: 'The art of neoliberalism': accumulation, institutional change and social order since the end of apartheid Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 507-518 Issue: 138 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.859449 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.859449 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:138:p:507-518 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: William Freund Author-X-Name-First: William Author-X-Name-Last: Freund Title: Swimming against the tide: the Macro-Economic Research Group in the South African transition 1991--94 Abstract: This article focuses on the establishment and disowning of the Macro-Economic Research Group (MERG) by the African National Congress in the lead-up to the formation of the democratic dispensation of 1994 and the first elections, overwhelmingly won by the African National Congress (ANC), which still forms the national government of South Africa. Considerable emphasis is placed on the politics of the ANC and to a lesser extent the general situation of the South African economy rather than by dissecting economic debates alone. MERG was a relatively lone substantial voice calling for real structural and institutional changes in the economy, ultimately rejected by the ANC at the behest of business. Two decades after the end of apartheid, it has become a hallmark of liberal criticism of the government to denounce it as following the worked-out agenda of a radical agenda underlying the anti-apartheid rhetoric while the African National Congress clothes itself in the liberation language of the Freedom Charter and sometimes even the supposed first-stage National Democratic Revolution that will precede socialism reflecting the discourse of the South African Communist Party. The following discussion aims to clarify what actually happened in terms of macro-economic policy debates in the transitional years 1990--94 and the consequences. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 519-536 Issue: 138 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.854038 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.854038 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:138:p:519-536 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aurelia Segatti Author-X-Name-First: Aurelia Author-X-Name-Last: Segatti Author-Name: Nicolas Pons-Vignon Author-X-Name-First: Nicolas Author-X-Name-Last: Pons-Vignon Title: Stuck in stabilisation? South Africa's post-apartheid macro-economic policy between ideological conversion and technocratic capture Abstract: This article explores post-apartheid South Africa's commitment to macro-economic orthodoxy. Its key argument is that South Africa offers an exemplary case of neoliberal deepening which has entailed three interconnected processes: ideological conversion, a stated focus on poverty and development covering a deep commitment to orthodox macro policies, entailing institutions and a set of practices, and a far-reaching state restructuring involving the emergence and consolidation of a hegemonic treasury. Drawing on an analysis of grey literature, policy documents and a series of interviews with policy-makers, the article first discusses neoliberalism in South Africa, focusing on the 'conversion' of key ANC leaders to neoclassical economic orthodoxy. It then turns to the central, yet under-researched, instrument of neoliberal deepening: the emergence and consolidation of a dominant national treasury with the ability to shape policy-making across all areas of state intervention. The article closes on a call to envisage concurrently ideological conversion and state formation to understand the dynamics of neoliberalism, and its paradoxical resilience in the South Africa case. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 537-555 Issue: 138 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.858430 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.858430 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:138:p:537-555 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gertrude Makhaya Author-X-Name-First: Gertrude Author-X-Name-Last: Makhaya Author-Name: Simon Roberts Author-X-Name-First: Simon Author-X-Name-Last: Roberts Title: Expectations and outcomes: considering competition and corporate power in South Africa under democracy Abstract: Competition law was viewed as a key instrument under democracy to address entrenched corporate power, in the context of liberalisation. This article examines South Africa's competition law regime and the changing strategies of large firms through three industry case studies. In the industry studies we assess, first, how corporate strategies have evolved to protect market power and the rents derived from this power and, second, how the competition regime has affected economic power and its exercise. We reflect on the overall record of the competition authorities in light of the outcomes observed. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 556-571 Issue: 138 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.854034 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.854034 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:138:p:556-571 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Firoz Khan Author-X-Name-First: Firoz Author-X-Name-Last: Khan Title: Poverty, grants, revolution and 'real Utopias': <italic>society must be defended by any and all means necessary!</italic> Abstract: The South African social security system is globally lauded for pioneering new conceptions of society and social assistance, and is celebrated as offering the world an alternative to mainstream social policy. What then accounts for better outcomes in poverty and inequality reduction in countries with similar social security systems? The paper locates the 'diminishing progressivity' of the South African system in the interlocking dynamics of structural violence, structural exclusion, racialised nationalism, financialisation and the subversion of democracy. The massive rebellion in the streets against the rule of rich and property is a reflection of the poor losing hope and patience. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 572-588 Issue: 138 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.854035 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.854035 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:138:p:572-588 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Karl von Holdt Author-X-Name-First: Karl Author-X-Name-Last: von Holdt Title: South Africa: the transition to violent democracy Abstract: South Africa is torn between the persistence of an exclusionary socioeconomic structure marked by deep poverty and extreme inequality on the one hand, and on the other the symbolic and institutional rupture presented by the transition to democracy. This relationship produces a highly unstable social order in which intra-elite conflict and violence are growing, characterised by new forms of violence and the reproduction of older patterns of violence, a social order that can be characterised as <italic>violent democracy</italic>. I analyse three different forms of such violence -- the struggle for control of the state institutions of coercion, assassination, and the mobilisation of collective violence. The prevailing forms of politics may shift quite easily between authoritarianism, clientelism and populism, and indeed exhibit elements of all three at the same time. Violent practices accompany each of these political forms, as violence remains a critical resource in a struggle for ascendancy which democratic institutions are unable to regulate. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 589-604 Issue: 138 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.854040 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.854040 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:138:p:589-604 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Alexander Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Alexander Title: Marikana, turning point in South African history Abstract: Equating a 'turning point' with what William Sewell terms an 'event', it is argued that Marikana is a turning point in South African history. The massacre was a <italic>rupture</italic> that led to a <italic>sequence</italic> of further <italic>occurrences,</italic> notably a massive wave of strikes, which are changing <italic>structures</italic> that shape people's lives. We have not yet reached the end of this chain of occurrences, and the scale of the turning point remains uncertain. In common with other <italic>events</italic>, Marikana has revealed structures unseen in normal times, providing an exceptional <italic>vantage point</italic>, allowing space for collective creativity, and enabling actors to envisage alternative futures. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 605-619 Issue: 138 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.860893 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.860893 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:138:p:605-619 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Raphaël Botiveau Author-X-Name-First: Raphaël Author-X-Name-Last: Botiveau Title: Longevity of the Tripartite Alliance: the post-Mangaung sequence Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 620-627 Issue: 138 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.854042 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.854042 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:138:p:620-627 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miriam Di Paola Author-X-Name-First: Miriam Author-X-Name-Last: Di Paola Author-Name: Nicolas Pons-Vignon Author-X-Name-First: Nicolas Author-X-Name-Last: Pons-Vignon Title: Labour market restructuring in South Africa: low wages, high insecurity Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 628-638 Issue: 138 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.858432 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.858432 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:138:p:628-638 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Crispen Chinguno Author-X-Name-First: Crispen Author-X-Name-Last: Chinguno Title: Marikana: fragmentation, precariousness, strike violence and solidarity Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 639-646 Issue: 138 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.854062 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.854062 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:138:p:639-646 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hironori Onuki Author-X-Name-First: Hironori Author-X-Name-Last: Onuki Title: Epistemologies of African conflicts: violence, evolutionism, and the war in Sierra Leone Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 647-648 Issue: 138 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.852711 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.852711 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:138:p:647-648 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tapiwa Chagonda Author-X-Name-First: Tapiwa Author-X-Name-Last: Chagonda Title: Violence in a time of liberation: murder and ethnicity at a South African gold mine, 1994 Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 649-650 Issue: 138 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.852714 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.852714 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:138:p:649-650 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leo Zeilig Author-X-Name-First: Leo Author-X-Name-Last: Zeilig Title: Suret-Canale de la résistance à l'anticolonialisme Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 651-652 Issue: 138 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.852715 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.852715 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:138:p:651-652 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John Markakis Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Markakis Title: The fate of Sudan: the origins and consequences of a flawed peace process Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 653-654 Issue: 138 Volume: 40 Year: 2013 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.797766 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.797766 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:40:y:2013:i:138:p:653-654 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gavin Williams Author-X-Name-First: Gavin Author-X-Name-Last: Williams Author-Name: Leo Zeilig Author-X-Name-First: Leo Author-X-Name-Last: Zeilig Author-Name: Janet Bujra Author-X-Name-First: Janet Author-X-Name-Last: Bujra Author-Name: Gary Littlejohn Author-X-Name-First: Gary Author-X-Name-Last: Littlejohn Title: Não vamos esquecer (We will not forget) Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 1-11 Issue: 139 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.885486 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.885486 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:139:p:1-11 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vanessa Rockel Author-X-Name-First: Vanessa Author-X-Name-Last: Rockel Author-Name: Matt Mahon Author-X-Name-First: Matt Author-X-Name-Last: Mahon Title: The Ruth First Papers Project: digitising the Ruth First archive Abstract: Soon after Ruth First was murdered in 1982 an appeal went out for funds to create a Trust in Ruth's name. In the 1980s the Trust found a home for Ruth's papers and documents at the Institute of Commonwealth Studies (ICwS) in London under Shula Marks' directorship. The hope was that the archive would be part of a centre that would study southern African liberation, continuing work that had been brutally cut short by Ruth's murder in Maputo. In 2012 the ICwS launched the Ruth First Papers Project, which aims to digitise the archive of Ruth's papers. A dedicated website was established where the first selection of documents has been made available for anyone (anywhere) to consult. In this brief introduction, Rockel and Mahon - researchers on the project - describe the process of selecting documents for digitisation and the experience of encountering Ruth in the archives. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 12-17 Issue: 139 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.878073 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.878073 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:139:p:12-17 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gavin Williams Author-X-Name-First: Gavin Author-X-Name-Last: Williams Title: Ruth First: the analysis and practice of politics in South Africa Abstract: This is the text prepared for a lecture given to the Walter Rodney Memorial Series, African Studies Centre, Boston University, 8 November 1982, in tribute to Ruth First. It discusses her writing on South Africa and Namibia in the context of her political commitments and ultimately her assassination. It considers the forms and themes of her writing; her role as communist and journalist; the Congress Alliance; nationalism, socialism and the Freedom Charter; capital and labour; the treason trial to the sabotage campaign; Namibia; peasants and politics; detention without trial; exile and solidarity; historical interpretation and revolutionary strategy. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 18-37 Issue: 139 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.878074 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.878074 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:139:p:18-37 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Colin Darch Author-X-Name-First: Colin Author-X-Name-Last: Darch Title: Remembering Ruth First at the CEA Abstract: Ruth changed in Mozambique; she softened. I think she belonged in Mozambique in a way that she never belonged to England. It was her home, and she meant something to that society. (Gillian Slovo, interview, 1989)This article traces the evolution of research at the Centro de Estudos Africanos (CEA) from before the time of Ruth First's arrival. It divides her work there into two periods: the work on the Mozambican Miner, in which she was heavily involved personally, and the later period when she was much more involved in recruiting permanent staff and in creating conditions for successful research, including building up the Documentation Centre within the CEA. This objective included work on maintaining the administrative independence of the CEA within the university to ensure flexibility in responding to rapidly changing research conditions. Research was not simply determined by political priorities, although it engaged with them. The evolution of the key Development Course is also traced, and the work of the Oficina de Historia (History Workshop) is briefly described. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 38-43 Issue: 139 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.878075 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.878075 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:139:p:38-43 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bridget O'Laughlin Author-X-Name-First: Bridget Author-X-Name-Last: O'Laughlin Title: Ruth First: a revolutionary life in revolutionary times Abstract: Writing about the life of Olive Schreiner, Ruth First hoped that biography could capture the dilemmas of a white South African woman and writer at the turn of the twentieth century, caught in a world that made her, but in which she could not bear to live as it was. Ruth First too struggled her entire life against the injustices of race and class in southern Africa, but she did so with a confidence, joy and energy that Schreiner never achieved. Written on the basis of conversations with Ruth First in Mozambique in the last period of her life, this paper explores the possibilities and dilemmas posed by her commitment to a disciplined collective revolutionary project embedded in strong nationalist movements. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 44-59 Issue: 139 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.878076 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.878076 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:139:p:44-59 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marc Wuyts Author-X-Name-First: Marc Author-X-Name-Last: Wuyts Title: Ruth First and the Mozambican miner Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 60-83 Issue: 139 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.878077 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.878077 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:139:p:60-83 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alpheus Manghezi Author-X-Name-First: Alpheus Author-X-Name-Last: Manghezi Title: Remembering Ruth: the voice, the face, the work and the silence Abstract: This article begins by evoking Ruth First's influence on South Africa, and later in Mozambique, in compelling personal terms. Ruth First was an important commentator on the Alexandra Bus Boycott of 1957, in which the author participated. Some 20 years later, the author was recruited by First to the CEA, where he worked with Ruth First and others on labour migration, forced labour and on the newly established communal villages and agricultural producer cooperatives. First, although heavily involved in administration, nevertheless managed to find time for fieldwork of this kind. The author contributed to ongoing fieldwork at the CEA, and his results were fed into the teaching through his contribution of interviews, work songs and other material for the Mozambican Miner, later published as Black Gold. Examples are given of the directness of Ruth's criticisms, and of her sympathy for ordinary Mozambicans. The article concludes with recollections of responses made to the author on Ruth's death. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 84-96 Issue: 139 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.878078 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.878078 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:139:p:84-96 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Don Pinnock Author-X-Name-First: Don Author-X-Name-Last: Pinnock Title: Building an alternative consensus for political action: Ruth First as journalist and activist Abstract: Ruth First's early work as a journalist and political activist in South Africa became an inspiration for later generations of journalists and political writers. Here Don Pinnock, himself a journalist by trade, recounts how he rediscovered her writing of the 1950s in a new phase of political questioning and revolutionary activity in the 1980s. He pinpoints her talent as a reporter of events and conditions of the times to create an alternative consensus about race and class in South Africa. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 97-104 Issue: 139 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.878079 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.878079 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:139:p:97-104 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anna Maria Gentili Author-X-Name-First: Anna Maria Author-X-Name-Last: Gentili Title: Ruth First: internationalist activist, researcher and teacher: the long road to Mozambique Abstract: I was in prison when Ruth First was assassinated, felt almost alone. Lost a sister in arms ... It is no consolation to know that she lives beyond her grave. (Mandela 2010, 333)This article analyses the contribution of Ruth First to the knowledge of struggles in South Africa and in Africa as a whole. First was inspired by her experience as a militant researcher in South Africa, by her editing of Govan Mbeki's work on Transkei and by her experiences in the UK. This contribution makes a significant examination of First's interest in and engagement with the broadly defined left of Italian politics, encompassing her work for the Lelio Basso Foundation, including its work on violations of the UN Charter. It also discusses First's wide-ranging and diverse analyses of Africa. It concludes with a discussion of First's work at the Centro de Estudos Africanos, and the development of the close interrelation between teaching and research developed there, which was politically engaged in a critical but dynamic way. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 105-119 Issue: 139 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.878081 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.878081 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:139:p:105-119 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John S. Saul Author-X-Name-First: John S. Author-X-Name-Last: Saul Title: 'More comfortably without her?': Ruth First as writer and activist Abstract: This article draws on a speech made at the Ruth First Symposium in London in June 2012. It describes Ruth First's role as a writer, political organiser and mobiliser of the freedom struggle within and without South Africa, drawing attention to her intellectual contribution and underscoring the importance of her Maputo years, with their broader significance. It discusses the personal tensions that many had with her, but points out that there was always a political issue at stake in these disagreements. It stresses her role as a scholar-activist, and following Brecht suggests that her assassination was an attempt by the assassins to 'sleep more comfortably'. It then draws powerfully on a letter from Rusty Bernstein to pose the question of what First would have made of the contemporary situation in South Africa, where the 'Empire of Capital' is still dominant. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 120-124 Issue: 139 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.878082 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.878082 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:139:p:120-124 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barbara Harlow Author-X-Name-First: Barbara Author-X-Name-Last: Harlow Title: 'Today is human rights day': Ruth First, human rights and the United Nations Abstract: It is not well known that Ruth First found an opening to debates on the world stage by working as a consultant for the United Nations whilst she was still in South Africa and whilst in exile. The author describes the projects she was engaged on and her motivation in this work. She links Ruth's participation to the emergence of human rights discourse, seen as a means to condemn apartheid in South Africa, whilst also regarded sceptically. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 125-133 Issue: 139 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.878084 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.878084 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:139:p:125-133 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leo Zeilig Author-X-Name-First: Leo Author-X-Name-Last: Zeilig Title: From exile to the thick of the struggle: Ruth First and the problems of national liberation, international sanctions and revolutionary agency Abstract: Much of Ruth First's work examined the projects for radical transformation of Africa's political economy. She was aware of the failures of independence, writing in 1970 that decolonisation had been little more than 'a bargaining process with cooperative African elites'. But she remained an enthusiastic advocate of some of these 'projects' on the continent. In 1977 she moved to Maputo to contribute to the socialist transformation of the country. This paper looks at First's contribution to the critical appraisal of independence in Africa and her own commitment to the transition to socialism in Mozambique. In this commitment are many of First's greatest strengths, but also some limitations and contradictions. The paper also presents a biographical account of Ruth First's astute enquiries into the development of capitalism in Southern Africa and the two-stage theory of revolution. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 134-152 Issue: 139 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.878085 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.878085 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:139:p:134-152 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Colin Darch Author-X-Name-First: Colin Author-X-Name-Last: Darch Title: The hidden thread: Russia and South Africa in the Soviet era Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 153-156 Issue: 139 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.877180 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.877180 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:139:p:153-156 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leo Zeilig Author-X-Name-First: Leo Author-X-Name-Last: Zeilig Title: Liberation movements in power: party and state in southern Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 157-159 Issue: 139 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.877181 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.877181 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:139:p:157-159 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gary Littlejohn Author-X-Name-First: Gary Author-X-Name-Last: Littlejohn Title: Ruth First and Joe Slovo in the war against apartheid Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 160-165 Issue: 139 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.883095 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.883095 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:139:p:160-165 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hannah Cross Author-X-Name-First: Hannah Author-X-Name-Last: Cross Title: Understanding people and power in African political economy Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 167-171 Issue: 140 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.873161 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.873161 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:140:p:167-171 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Biko Agozino Author-X-Name-First: Biko Author-X-Name-Last: Agozino Title: The Africana paradigm in <italic>Capital</italic>: the debts of Karl Marx to people of African descent Abstract: This article will attempt an original interpretation of <italic>Capital</italic> (Marx, K. 1867. <italic>Capital: A Critique of Political Economy</italic>, Vol. 1. Marx/Engels Internet Archive, 1995, 1999. (http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx) and other major works of Karl Marx to demonstrate that people of African descent are central to the discourse of Marx, contrary to widespread misconceptions by critics who attribute a Eurocentric orientation to Marx because of the accident of his birth in Europe and by allies because of his scholarly activism in European working-class politics. The paper argues that the earlier work of Marx and Engels ([1847] 1969. <italic>The Manifesto of the Communist Party in Marx/Engels Selected Works</italic>, Vol. One, pp. 98-137. Moscow: Progress Publishers), especially the <italic>Manifesto of the Communist Party</italic>, may have misled critics into believing that the history of all hitherto existing society alluded to by Marx and Engels was exclusively European history. On the contrary, there are hundreds of references to the 'Negro' in <italic>Capital</italic>, not as part of a peripheral or superficial concern relating to the issue of class exploitation in Europe, but as a foundational model for explaining and predicting the ending of the exploitation of the working class globally. The paper concludes that this reading adds credence to Africana Studies paradigms that privilege critical, Africa-centred scholar-activism as an important contribution to original theoretical, methodological and policy innovations. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 172-184 Issue: 140 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.872613 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.872613 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:140:p:172-184 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Julia Jänis Author-X-Name-First: Julia Author-X-Name-Last: Jänis Title: Political economy of the Namibian tourism sector: addressing post-apartheid inequality through increasing indigenous ownership Abstract: Tourism is regarded as one of Namibia's key economic sectors that can diversify the economy and create employment, but due to the apartheid legacy the sector is highly dominated by the white minority. Current efforts to increase the share of indigenous ownership include Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) and Community-Based Tourism (CBT). This article analyses the challenges involved in promoting BEE and CBT through research material gathered in 16 Namibian tourism enterprises. The challenges are related to the prevailing inequality and racial prejudices in Namibia, and to the nature of tourism as an economic sector that requires special skills and experience. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 185-200 Issue: 140 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.872614 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.872614 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:140:p:185-200 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pamela Richardson-Ngwenya Author-X-Name-First: Pamela Author-X-Name-Last: Richardson-Ngwenya Author-Name: Ben Richardson Author-X-Name-First: Ben Author-X-Name-Last: Richardson Title: Aid for Trade and African agriculture: the bittersweet case of Swazi sugar Abstract: In 2006, the European Union reformed its sugar regime, reducing the price for sugar by 36%. To cushion the impact on traditional overseas suppliers, an 'Aid for Trade' programme called the Accompanying Measures for Sugar Protocol countries (AMSP) was implemented. This paper explores the impacts of the AMSP in Swaziland. The authors discuss emergent agrarian class differentiation and argue that the benefits experienced by farmers are jeopardised by ongoing processes of liberalisation. The paper concludes by suggesting that donors must consider market stabilisation and corporate regulation if they are to make 'Aid for Trade' work for the poor. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 201-215 Issue: 140 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.872616 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.872616 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:140:p:201-215 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carol Hunsberger Author-X-Name-First: Carol Author-X-Name-Last: Hunsberger Title: Jatropha as a biofuel crop and the economy of appearances: experiences from Kenya Abstract: <italic>Jatropha curcas</italic>, an oilseed shrub, raised hopes that it could produce biofuel in a 'sustainable' manner, though early results fell short of these expectations. Drawing on field research from 2009, this paper examines the political economy of jatropha in Kenya using Tsing's 'economy of appearances' concept. Tsing's observation that start-up enterprises perpetuate 'myth' and 'spectacle' to build momentum fits patterns observed in this case. Jatropha's promoters reinforced an optimistic discourse, defended it against dissent and linked jatropha to global, national and local goals. However, the emergence of stronger critiques raises questions about how long its positive appearances can be maintained. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 216-231 Issue: 140 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.831753 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.831753 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:140:p:216-231 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marion Dixon Author-X-Name-First: Marion Author-X-Name-Last: Dixon Title: The land grab, finance capital, and food regime restructuring: the case of Egypt Abstract: The role of Egyptian finance capital in acquiring (and attempting to acquire) agricultural land in southern neighbouring countries since the 2007-2008 food-fuel-financial crisis represents in part the southward expansion of the frontier in Egypt, or new socio-ecological spaces for heightened capital accumulation. This expansion, heralded by processes of financialisation, is the latest wave of corporate consolidation of the country's agri-food system. This paper offers an historical analysis of frontier making in modern-day Egypt and how it has been shaped by relations between Egypt and Sudan within a restructuring hegemonic state system, from the nineteenth century to present-day revolutionary times. Then, a case study of one Egyptian financial firm, Citadel Capital, is detailed to demonstrate that the 'global land grab' reflects food regime restructuring with the end of cheap food and oil - and greater food insecurity and political instability in Egypt and in southern neighbouring countries. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 232-248 Issue: 140 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.831342 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.831342 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:140:p:232-248 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cyril Obi Author-X-Name-First: Cyril Author-X-Name-Last: Obi Title: Oil and the Post-Amnesty Programme (PAP): what prospects for sustainable development and peace in the Niger Delta? Abstract: This article explores the Post-Amnesty Programme (PAP), launched in 2009 following the decision of some insurgent militia leaders in the Niger Delta to 'drop their weapons in exchange for peace' with Nigeria's federal government. It addresses the following questions: how has the PAP been shaped by the politics of the Nigerian state, and elite and transnational oil interests? Is the trade-off between peace and justice sustainable when such peace fails to address the roots of the grievances? The article argues that the PAP is an unsustainable state-imposed peacebuilding project to preserve the conditions for oil extraction by local, national and global actors. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 249-263 Issue: 140 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.872615 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.872615 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:140:p:249-263 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: James T. Murphy Author-X-Name-First: James T. Author-X-Name-Last: Murphy Author-Name: Pádraig Carmody Author-X-Name-First: Pádraig Author-X-Name-Last: Carmody Author-Name: Björn Surborg Author-X-Name-First: Björn Author-X-Name-Last: Surborg Title: Industrial transformation or business as usual? Information and communication technologies and Africa's place in the global information economy Abstract: Many view information and communication technologies (ICTs) such as mobile phones, computers and the Internet as tools that can significantly strengthen the quality and depth of Africa's engagement with the world economy. This paper interrogates the impacts of Africa's burgeoning ICT 'revolution' through an examination of their use among small, medium and micro-scale enterprises (SMMEs) in South Africa's and Tanzania's wood products and tourism sectors. The findings reveal that while new ICTs are being adopted rapidly, they are generally used for communication purposes, not deeper forms of information processing and management. This 'thintegration', while positive in many ways, has done little to stop a trend towards the devaluation of the goods and services provided by the SMMEs surveyed here. Moreover, ICTs are enabling new forms of outside intervention and intermediation into African markets, often further marginalising local firms and industries. The article details these outcomes and demonstrates why 'thicker' and more transformative kinds of ICT integration will remain elusive in the absence of changes to non-ICT-specific structures and power relations that limit Africa's ability to participate in the global information economy. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 264-283 Issue: 140 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.873024 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.873024 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:140:p:264-283 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Issa G. Shivji Author-X-Name-First: Issa G. Author-X-Name-Last: Shivji Title: Lionel Cliffe, 1936-2013: a comradely scholar in Nyerere's nationalist Tanzania Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 284-287 Issue: 140 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.873162 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.873162 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:140:p:284-287 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Lawrence Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Lawrence Author-Name: Morris Szeftel Author-X-Name-First: Morris Author-X-Name-Last: Szeftel Title: Lionel Cliffe, 1936-2013 Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 288-291 Issue: 140 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.883110 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.883110 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:140:p:288-291 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bill Freund Author-X-Name-First: Bill Author-X-Name-Last: Freund Title: The shadow of Nelson Mandela, 1918-2013 Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 292-296 Issue: 140 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.883111 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.883111 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:140:p:292-296 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alexander Beresford Author-X-Name-First: Alexander Author-X-Name-Last: Beresford Title: Nelson Mandela and the politics of South Africa's unfinished liberation Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 297-305 Issue: 140 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.883114 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.883114 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:140:p:297-305 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gundula Fischer Author-X-Name-First: Gundula Author-X-Name-Last: Fischer Title: Transformation or end of Tanzanian trade unions? A comment on Matteo Rizzo's dissenting remarks Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 306-310 Issue: 140 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.876983 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.876983 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:140:p:306-310 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Matteo Rizzo Author-X-Name-First: Matteo Author-X-Name-Last: Rizzo Title: A response to Gundula Fischer's comment Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 311-315 Issue: 140 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.882815 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.882815 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:140:p:311-315 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mohammed Hussein Sharfi Author-X-Name-First: Mohammed Hussein Author-X-Name-Last: Sharfi Title: The dynamics of the loss of oil revenues in the economy of North Sudan Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 316-322 Issue: 140 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.876982 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.876982 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:140:p:316-322 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roger Southall Author-X-Name-First: Roger Author-X-Name-Last: Southall Title: Zuma: party leadership as electoral liability Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 323-331 Issue: 140 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.911467 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.911467 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:140:p:323-331 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Janet Bujra Author-X-Name-First: Janet Author-X-Name-Last: Bujra Author-Name: Colin Stoneman Author-X-Name-First: Colin Author-X-Name-Last: Stoneman Author-Name: Gary Littlejohn Author-X-Name-First: Gary Author-X-Name-Last: Littlejohn Title: ROAPE's Africa Research Fund: a report Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 332-333 Issue: 140 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.873025 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.873025 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:140:p:332-333 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reginald Cline-Cole Author-X-Name-First: Reginald Author-X-Name-Last: Cline-Cole Author-Name: Gary Littlejohn Author-X-Name-First: Gary Author-X-Name-Last: Littlejohn Title: On <italic>ROAPE</italic>, historical (dis)continuities and textual activism Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 335-340 Issue: 141 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.915472 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.915472 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:141:p:335-340 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ian Taylor Author-X-Name-First: Ian Author-X-Name-Last: Taylor Title: Emerging powers, state capitalism and the oil sector in Africa Abstract: The global development landscape is rapidly changing with the acceleration of the economies of emerging countries and this has important implications for sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Notably, these emerging partners share a broad comparative advantage in their outward engagement. They are able to access large pools of finance and capital reserves and they also uphold a version of the Developmental State Model that encourages a statist approach to business. This state capitalism is increasingly coming to the fore, particularly in the aftermath of the global financial crisis and the evident intellectual collapse of neoliberalism as a sustainable economic model. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 341-357 Issue: 141 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2013.864630 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2013.864630 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:141:p:341-357 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Markus Virgil Hoehne Author-X-Name-First: Markus Virgil Author-X-Name-Last: Hoehne Title: Resource conflict and militant Islamism in the Golis Mountains in northern Somalia (2006-2013) Abstract: The conflict around Galgala, a small town in the Golis Mountains west of Bosaso in northern Somalia, poses the government of Puntland against clan militias and militant Islamists. The conflict was originally over natural resources, but soon turned into a conflict related to the 'global war on terrorism'. It is additionally complicated due to its location in the contested borderlands between Somaliland and Puntland. The article analyses the effects of these dynamics on the local population and, more generally, on stability and peace in the region. It argues that sustainable solutions to the ongoing conflict can only be found if one takes into account the legitimate claims of the Warsangeli, the clan to which the local mountain dwellers belong, regarding the protection of their land and their resources. The anti-terrorism discourse that is currently foregrounded, mainly by the government of Puntland and its allies including the USA, is likely to inhibit the understanding of issues at stake. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 358-373 Issue: 141 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.901945 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.901945 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:141:p:358-373 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Clive Gabay Author-X-Name-First: Clive Author-X-Name-Last: Gabay Title: Two 'transitions': the political economy of Joyce Banda's rise to power and the related role of civil society organisations in Malawi Abstract: When Joyce Banda became Malawi's president in 2012, she was welcomed by the international community as an antidote to the increasingly erratic and autocratic behaviour of her unexpectedly deceased predecessor Bingu wa Mutharika. Banda appeared to be the product of the twin drivers of a 'rising' Africa; namely a newly empowered donor-supported civil society on the one hand, and a Western-oriented political elite committed to transparency and good governance on the other. Based on several field trips to Malawi over the past five years, this article seeks to problematise the degree to which Joyce Banda and Malawi's civil society organisations represented a double transition from the more patrimonial form of politics which had dominated the political and civil society sectors throughout Malawi's postcolonial era. Although prepared prior to recent corruption scandals which have engulfed the Banda government in the run-up to elections in May 2014, this article sets the context for understanding these cases as a product of Malawi's political economy and uneven insertion into the global economy. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 374-388 Issue: 141 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.901949 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.901949 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:141:p:374-388 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carol B. Thompson Author-X-Name-First: Carol B. Author-X-Name-Last: Thompson Title: Philanthrocapitalism: appropriation of Africa's genetic wealth Abstract: Although debates about the Gates Foundation's Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA) continue with the serious criticisms that it will transform Africa's farming systems into monoculture and that it is trying to link African food production to the global 'food value chain', this paper focuses on more fundamental goals of AGRA: to access and privatise Africa's genetic wealth. Employing the theory of accumulation by dispossession explains <italic>why</italic> AGRA is appropriating African genetic wealth and the theory of philanthrocapitalism explains <italic>how</italic> that appropriation is occurring. This study employs philanthrocapitalism to show that the multiple acts of genetic resource expropriation are neither disparate nor unconnected, but rather, reflect a systemic change of replacing public agricultural sectors with private business practices and control. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 389-405 Issue: 141 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.901946 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.901946 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:141:p:389-405 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Festus Boamah Author-X-Name-First: Festus Author-X-Name-Last: Boamah Title: How and why chiefs formalise land use in recent times: the politics of land dispossession through biofuels investments in Ghana Abstract: In the current land deals debate, land dispossession is often attributed to exploitative acts of agricultural investors. However, the role of equally active actors in the making of land deals such as chiefs, who customarily are custodians of land, does not feature prominently in the debate. The paper shows that the recent surge in large-scale land deals in Ghana corresponds with chiefs' pre-existing motivation to re-establish authority over land for two reasons: firstly, to formalise the use of 'stool land' to create rural development opportunities; secondly, to formalise boundaries of 'stool land' to avert potential future land litigations. Social groups lacking recognition from chiefs therefore often lose land, whereas land areas of those persons recognised by chiefs are protected, sometimes even regardless of their 'citizenship' identity in project villages. The author argues that an understanding of how local social institutions and politics mediate investment in land will enrich analyses of processes of land dispossession. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 406-423 Issue: 141 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.901947 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.901947 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:141:p:406-423 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gareth David James Author-X-Name-First: Gareth David Author-X-Name-Last: James Title: Zimbabwe's 'new' smallholders: who got land and where did they come from? Abstract: In March 2000, land occupations in Zimbabwe intensified, forcing the government to implement the Fast Track Land Reform Programme, which significantly altered the agrarian structure of the country. Ever since, there have been widespread misconceptions about the nature and character of the land occupations and the identities of new land beneficiaries. Using survey data and in-depth interviews from 166 newly resettled households, this article shows the majority were 'ordinary' poor and near-landless people from communal and other rural areas. While there is some significant variation within and between new communities, they are far from what we might call 'elites'. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 424-440 Issue: 141 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.901948 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.901948 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:141:p:424-440 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: William G. Martin Author-X-Name-First: William G. Author-X-Name-Last: Martin Author-Name: Brendan Innis McQuade Author-X-Name-First: Brendan Innis Author-X-Name-Last: McQuade Title: Militarising - and marginalising? - African Studies USA Abstract: The militarisation of US-African relations has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Left largely unexplored, however, is the question of how this process has involved US-based scholars. This essay examines this process with particular attention to the rapid expansion of military and intelligence research on and in Africa, and, in particular, military and intelligence funding of US Africanists' research including at the major African Studies centres. While the classification of much federal research limits conclusions, it is apparent that military and intelligence priorities are coming to significantly shape the present and future of much research and training. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 441-457 Issue: 141 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.905906 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.905906 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:141:p:441-457 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Henning Melber Author-X-Name-First: Henning Author-X-Name-Last: Melber Title: The death of Dag Hammarskjöld Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 458-465 Issue: 141 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.902810 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.902810 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:141:p:458-465 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aleksi Ylönen Author-X-Name-First: Aleksi Author-X-Name-Last: Ylönen Title: Dwindling but surviving: South Sudan and external involvement in the current crisis Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 466-473 Issue: 141 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.907780 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.907780 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:141:p:466-473 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alfred Zack-Williams Author-X-Name-First: Alfred Author-X-Name-Last: Zack-Williams Title: Theorising Africa: some facts and fictions Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 475-482 Issue: 142 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.966472 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.966472 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:142:p:475-482 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zubairu Wai Author-X-Name-First: Zubairu Author-X-Name-Last: Wai Title: The empire's new clothes: Africa, liberal interventionism and contemporary world order Abstract: This paper interrogates the current upsurge in humanitarian interventionism in Africa. Disagreeing with those who see it in altruistic terms, the paper argues that the increasing militarisation of world politics seen in the routinisation of interventions in Africa is a function of a neo-imperialist posture driven by a Western will to domination and desire to restructure the world in line with the ideological preferences of liberalism as the dominant ideological formation of contemporary imperialism. Supported by power-knowledge regimes of Western intellectual production, which provide the legitimating frame and moral justification for imperial interventions, this Western will to domination disguises its violent imperialist pretensions under the cloak of benevolence and altruism. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 483-499 Issue: 142 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.928278 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.928278 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:142:p:483-499 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mamadou Diouma Bah Author-X-Name-First: Mamadou Diouma Author-X-Name-Last: Bah Title: Mining for peace: diamonds, bauxite, iron ore and political stability in Guinea Abstract: The article explores the relationship between mineral resources and conflict management in Guinea. Literature on theories of recent civil wars and/or armed conflicts in West Africa identifies the combination of abundant natural resources and extreme poverty as a significant trigger of violent civil conflicts. In Guinea, however, despite this combination, the state has managed to avoid large-scale civil violence. This gives rise to the question of why this combination has failed to be associated with the onset of large-scale violence in the country. The article identifies mitigating factors that have contributed to political stability in Guinea. It concludes that measures taken by Guinea and its international partners mitigated the security threats posed by these resources, while keeping most Guineans in abject poverty. This is in contrast to findings in recent quantitative studies whereby natural resource abundance alongside extreme poverty is strongly associated with armed conflicts in West African nations. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 500-515 Issue: 142 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.917370 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.917370 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:142:p:500-515 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Felix Marco Conteh Author-X-Name-First: Felix Marco Author-X-Name-Last: Conteh Title: Chiefs, NGOs and alternative conflict resolution mechanisms in post-conflict Sierra Leone Abstract: The nature of chieftaincy has been identified as one of the causes of Sierra Leone's civil conflict, but the institution has largely retained its pre-war privileges and conflict triggers. Using evidence from ethnographic research, this piece investigates the tensions between chiefs and NGOs in alternative dispute resolution mechanisms. Chiefs perceive NGOs as undercutting their powers and livelihood, resulting in strains. Given the entrenched nature of chieftaincy, current attempts by NGOs to ensure better judicial outcomes for the poor will produce limited success, if the prevailing atmosphere of mistrust persists. A trustful and congenial relationship between chiefs and NGOs is proposed. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 516-529 Issue: 142 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.928614 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.928614 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:142:p:516-529 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Filip Reyntjens Author-X-Name-First: Filip Author-X-Name-Last: Reyntjens Title: Regulation, taxation and violence: the state, quasi-state governance and cross-border dynamics in the Great Lakes Region Abstract: The conflicts that have plagued the Great Lakes Region during the last 20 years are domestic and regional at the same time, with considerable inputs and outputs across national borders. As elsewhere in Africa and the world, borders unite as much as they divide. State weakness in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and border porosity enable non-state armed groups, neighbouring governments' armies and private entrepreneurs of instability to freely operate on Congolese soil. As most analyses tend to focus on the macro-level structures and patterns of economic control, they do not take into account the dynamic processes of renegotiation of the existing local political, social and economic space. This article attempts to bring together hitherto scattered micro-level field data and analyses produced by other scholars and UN experts, which it organises in five themes: regulatory activities, including taxation; the straddling of public and private spheres; the struggles for control; the transnational nature of activities and, closely linked, profound regional integration; and non-state groups acting as proxies for states. In addition to addressing the greed versus grievance debate, the cases presented here challenge a recent strand in research that sees criminal activities and forms of 'hybrid governance' as potential processes towards state formation. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 530-544 Issue: 142 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.928612 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.928612 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:142:p:530-544 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eka Ikpe Author-X-Name-First: Eka Author-X-Name-Last: Ikpe Title: The development planning era and developmental statehood: the pursuit of structural transformation in Nigeria Abstract: This paper locates the development planning era within the discourse on developmental statehood, with reference to Nigeria. It considers the state's use of development planning to facilitate resource transfers between economic sectors for the purpose of socio-economic transformation. The paper draws on the analytical framework of the enhanced developmental state paradigm (EDSP), which derives from the empirical experiences of East Asian developmental states and classical development economic concepts. It finds that although the development planning era was very significant for attempts at structural change, attendant processes and outcomes were undermined by changes in intellectual and policy debates on global development. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 545-560 Issue: 142 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.952275 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.952275 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:142:p:545-560 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laura Mann Author-X-Name-First: Laura Author-X-Name-Last: Mann Title: <italic>Wasta!</italic> The long-term implications of education expansion and economic liberalisation on politics in Sudan Abstract: By tracking the changing nature of <italic>wasta</italic>, or personal intermediation, in the Khartoum labour market, this paper examines the impact of Islamist policies on state-society relations in Khartoum, Sudan. It argues that economic liberalisation and higher education expansion weakened sectarian control over the economy, replacing the former institutionalised system of privilege with a much more decentralised, private and transnational structure. The conclusion asks whether these policies have laid the groundwork for long-term political transformation. While education expansion and liberalisation should theoretically allow a regime to broaden patronage networks, they may also reduce the capacity of both the regime and the private sector to exercise power and establish predictability outwards. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 561-578 Issue: 142 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.952276 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.952276 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:142:p:561-578 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jenna Burrell Author-X-Name-First: Jenna Author-X-Name-Last: Burrell Title: Modernity in material form? Mobile phones in the careers of Ghanaian market women Abstract: Recent research on mobile phones in market exchange activities in the Global South has tended to dematerialise the phone, narrowing its application to accord with disciplinary concerns rather than to its full range of material possibilities. This article seeks to expand the model of the mobile phone in socio-economic development by examining its uptake and adaptation among Ghanaian market women. The analysis considers development in terms of market women's own self-defined notion of progress. Rather than leading to more impersonal and calculative trade relationships, their uses reflected deepening relations with trade partners and opportunities for enhanced affiliation at all levels. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 579-593 Issue: 142 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.928611 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.928611 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:142:p:579-593 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Moses Mpuria Kindiki Author-X-Name-First: Moses Mpuria Author-X-Name-Last: Kindiki Title: Dependency in international regimes: the case of the apparel industry in sub-Saharan Africa Abstract: This paper shows the relationship between regime and dependency theories. Its central argument is that international regimes primarily serve the accumulation interests of metropolitan capitalism, and hence perpetuate dependency. Using the case of the apparel industry in sub-Saharan Africa, it brings to the fore both the dependency and struggle in international regimes that mainstream regime theory masks. The paper concludes that, in its struggle to embed industry, Africa will need to clearly interpret the parameters of a more complex international political economy than that described in the classic dependency literature of the 1970s, and respond to them with cleverness and alacrity. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 594-608 Issue: 142 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.930023 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.930023 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:142:p:594-608 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John S. Saul Author-X-Name-First: John S. Author-X-Name-Last: Saul Title: 'When freedom died' in Angola: Alves and after<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN0001"/> Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 609-622 Issue: 142 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.928279 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.928279 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:142:p:609-622 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Herman Wasserman Author-X-Name-First: Herman Author-X-Name-Last: Wasserman Author-Name: Jacinta Mwende Maweu Author-X-Name-First: Jacinta Mwende Author-X-Name-Last: Maweu Title: The freedom to be silent? Market pressures on journalistic normative ideals at the Nation Media Group in Kenya Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 623-633 Issue: 142 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.928277 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.928277 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:142:p:623-633 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martin Plaut Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Plaut Title: South Africa: how the ANC wins elections Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 634-644 Issue: 142 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.964198 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.964198 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:142:p:634-644 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Henning Melber Author-X-Name-First: Henning Author-X-Name-Last: Melber Title: South Africa's elections 2014: more than more of the same? Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 645-651 Issue: 142 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.976361 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.976361 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:142:p:645-651 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ray Bush Author-X-Name-First: Ray Author-X-Name-Last: Bush Author-Name: Graham Harrison Author-X-Name-First: Graham Author-X-Name-Last: Harrison Title: New African development? Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: S1-S6 Issue: sup1 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.992623 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.992623 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:sup1:p:S1-S6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ndongo Samba Sylla Author-X-Name-First: Ndongo Samba Author-X-Name-Last: Sylla Title: From a marginalised to an emerging Africa? A critical analysis Abstract: At the end of the twentieth century, Africa was described as 'marginalised'. Nowadays, the continent is considered as 'emerging'. The aim of this paper is to discuss the validity of this new perception of Africa's position in the global economy. By critically re-evaluating existing empirical data, the author will attempt to show that the emergence thesis is superficial and does not take into account the current nature of economic growth in Africa and the cost it implies in terms of net income payments to the rest of the world. The reality is that Africa remains one of the world's most open, dependent and exploited regions. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: S7-S25 Issue: sup1 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.996323 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.996323 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:sup1:p:S7-S25 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carlos Nuno Castel-Branco Author-X-Name-First: Carlos Nuno Author-X-Name-Last: Castel-Branco Title: Growth, capital accumulation and economic porosity in Mozambique: social losses, private gains Abstract: The Mozambican economy has been growing at an annual average of 7.5% for the best part of two decades, and has become one of the three most attractive economies for foreign direct investment (FDI) in sub-Saharan Africa. Yet, it has been ineffective and inefficient at reducing poverty and providing a broader social and economic basis for development. It is argued here that the dominant political economy of Mozambique is focused on three fundamental and interlinked processes, namely the maximisation of inflows of foreign capital - FDI or commercial loans - without political conditionality; the development of linkages between these capital inflows and the domestic process of accumulation and the formation of national capitalist classes; and the reproduction of a labour system in which the workforce is remunerated at below its social cost of subsistence and families have to bear the responsibility for maintaining (especially feeding) the wage-earning workers by complementing their wages or trying to maintain the availability of the enormous idle reserve of labour. This article focuses on economic porosity, which, arguably, is a dominant factor in promoting the linkages between domestic and foreign capital, nurtured, supported and mediated by the state. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: S26-S48 Issue: sup1 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.976363 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.976363 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:sup1:p:S26-S48 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Niamh Gaynor Author-X-Name-First: Niamh Author-X-Name-Last: Gaynor Title: 'A nation in a hurry': the costs of local governance reforms in Rwanda Abstract: Almost 20 years on from the horrors of the genocide, Rwanda is drawing considerable international attention as it emerges as a leading African success story. Its strong economic performance, with growth rates averaging 8% over the last 10 years, has led some to argue that it represents a new form of African developmental state. This article draws on fieldwork conducted in 2013 to examine the political impact of the government's developmental reforms at local levels. Charting developments in local governance over the last decade, it demonstrates an increasing centralisation of deliberation and decision-making on local development in tandem with growing pressures and demands on local communities to invest - physically and financially - in centrally promoted activities and programmes. The findings, which uncover growing levels of popular disquiet and dissent with the centrally driven approach, raise questions regarding the level of embeddedness and legitimacy of the regime and therefore the sustainability of its development project, The findings also challenge the currently popular 'good enough governance' agenda in that they demonstrate that local governance and state-societal relations do matter, most especially when the pressures and costs for local development outcomes fall heavily on local communities. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: S49-S63 Issue: sup1 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.976190 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.976190 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:sup1:p:S49-S63 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fana Gebresenbet Author-X-Name-First: Fana Author-X-Name-Last: Gebresenbet Title: Securitisation of development in Ethiopia: the discourse and politics of developmentalism Abstract: This paper examines the developmental discourse of the Ethiopian government since 2001. This discourse frames poverty as an existential threat to Ethiopia, and it securitises development. The securitisation of a public issue gives credence to the immediate need for wider state powers and the aggressive mobilisation of (natural, financial and human) resources - at times by ignoring agreed-upon conventions - to combat a perceived existential threat. Thus, the argument is that the securitisation of development is rationalising the drive to aggressively extract and mobilise resources as well as increasing the power and stature of the ruling coalition. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: S64-S74 Issue: sup1 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.976191 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.976191 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:sup1:p:S64-S74 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mark Duffield Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Duffield Title: From immersion to simulation: remote methodologies and the decline of area studies Abstract: Using Sudan as a case study, the focus of this essay is the changing nature of fieldwork in the Global South. More specifically, it concerns the methodological shifts in how the South has been approached as an object of knowledge in the contemporary period. Drawing on the author's own varying engagement with Sudan since December 1973, it was prompted by a return visit in January 2014 to what is now the small town of Maiurno, near Sennar, almost 40 years to the day of beginning his PhD fieldwork there. In doing justice to this privileged experience, it became evident that writing an account of the changes and reunions with old friends was not enough. It wouldn't justify the journey, so to speak, that they have all made. Neither would it bring out the essentially anomalous character of the return at a time when such journeys are becoming more difficult. This results from a hidden complicity between the shift toward research risk avoidance in UK universities and, in this case, the restrictive practices of the Sudanese state. The essay explores several stages in the move away from ethnographic fieldwork being an art of being in the world to a growing remoteness from the world and the compensatory emergence of remote methodologies and the simulation of digital alternatives. At the same time, it traces a shift from the politics of solidarity to the neoliberal marketisation of the sub-prime tele-economic conditions encountered in the Global South. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: S75-S94 Issue: sup1 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.976366 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.976366 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:sup1:p:S75-S94 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Henry Bernstein Author-X-Name-First: Henry Author-X-Name-Last: Bernstein Title: 'African Peasants and Revolution' revisited Abstract: This short essay begins by revisiting John Saul's landmark article in the first issue of the <italic>Review of African Political Economy</italic> in 1974, which was, inevitably, very much of its historical moment. The author suggests that Saul used an ideal-typical conception of 'peasants' combined with a particular view of 'incomplete' capitalism established by colonial rule in Africa and continuing since political independence. He then proposes, in highly selective and abbreviated fashion, an alternative approach to understanding the social conditions of existence of African 'peasants' and the politics of Africa's agrarian questions. He illustrates his argument with special reference to the current moment of globalisation and neoliberalism. 'Globalisation' serves as shorthand for the restructuring of capital on a world scale since the 1970s (and not least 'financialisation'), while he uses 'neoliberalism' to refer to the political and ideological project of promoting the interests of capital in such restructuring at the expense of the interests of labour. He concludes with some broad historical theses about 'African Peasants and Revolution'. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: S95-S107 Issue: sup1 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.976365 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.976365 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:sup1:p:S95-S107 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Samir Amin Author-X-Name-First: Samir Author-X-Name-Last: Amin Author-Name: Ray Bush Author-X-Name-First: Ray Author-X-Name-Last: Bush Title: An interview with Samir Amin Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: S108-S114 Issue: sup1 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.992624 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.992624 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:sup1:p:S108-S114 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: C. Cramer Author-X-Name-First: C. Author-X-Name-Last: Cramer Author-Name: D. Johnston Author-X-Name-First: D. Author-X-Name-Last: Johnston Author-Name: C. Oya Author-X-Name-First: C. Author-X-Name-Last: Oya Author-Name: J. Sender Author-X-Name-First: J. Author-X-Name-Last: Sender Title: Fairtrade cooperatives in Ethiopia and Uganda: uncensored Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: S115-S127 Issue: sup1 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.976192 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.976192 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:sup1:p:S115-S127 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jyoti Saraswati Author-X-Name-First: Jyoti Author-X-Name-Last: Saraswati Title: Konza City and the Kenyan software services strategy: the great leap backward? Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: S128-S137 Issue: sup1 Volume: 41 Year: 2014 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.976189 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.976189 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:41:y:2014:i:sup1:p:S128-S137 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hannah Cross Author-X-Name-First: Hannah Author-X-Name-Last: Cross Title: Divisive democracy and popular struggle in Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 1-6 Issue: 143 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1015251 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1015251 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:143:p:1-6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christopher Webb Author-X-Name-First: Christopher Author-X-Name-Last: Webb Title: Fighting talk: Ruth First's early journalism 1947-1950 Abstract: While celebrated for her anti-apartheid activism, Ruth First's early journalism has received limited attention by scholars. The result has been an incomplete understanding of her political and intellectual development. Drawing from First's scrapbooks, this article examines some of the themes that preoccupied her from 1947-1950 while situating her work within the broader political context. Her journalism played a crucial role in chronicling resistance to segregationist policies in the pre-apartheid period and the role of cheap labour in capitalist development. Many of the themes that dominated her work on labour and development in Mozambique can be glimpsed in these scrapbooks. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 7-21 Issue: 143 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.988697 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.988697 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:143:p:7-21 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Allison Drew Author-X-Name-First: Allison Author-X-Name-Last: Drew Title: Visions of liberation: the Algerian war of independence and its South African reverberations Abstract: The launch of South Africa's armed struggle has been portrayed as the action of urban-based South African Communist Party (SACP) and African National Congress (ANC) members; scholarly debates concern the relative importance of the SACP, ANC and the Soviet Union. Yet the Left was fluid and eclectic during this transitional period. Seeking new approaches and methods to address the rapidly evolving political environment, left-wing activists drew on political and personal contacts to build new underground networks. Their arguments came not from the Soviets but from the experiences of guerrilla struggles, such as Algeria's war of independence. They sought, unsuccessfully, to integrate insights from Algeria into their strategies. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 22-43 Issue: 143 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.1000288 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.1000288 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:143:p:22-43 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Seema Shah Author-X-Name-First: Seema Author-X-Name-Last: Shah Title: Free and fair? Citizens' assessments of the 2013 general election in Kenya Abstract: Kenya's peaceful 2013 election came as a relief to domestic and international observers, who feared a repeat of the brutal 2007--2008 post-election violence. Many observers conflated this relative peace with electoral credibility, but analysis of a post-election national opinion poll reveals a more complex picture. Most Kenyans did feel that the 2013 election was free and fair, but their conception of free and fair is rooted more in the historical context of the election than in technical electoral procedures. Personal experiences of irregularities at the level of polling stations do not play a statistically significant role in shaping voters' opinions about electoral credibility. Instead, voters are more influenced by their ethnicities, their confidence in electoral institutions and by how highly they prioritised peace. These findings reveal the importance of local context and history in conceptions of electoral integrity on the ground. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 44-61 Issue: 143 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.995162 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.995162 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:143:p:44-61 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ebenezer Obadare Author-X-Name-First: Ebenezer Author-X-Name-Last: Obadare Title: Sex, citizenship and the state in Nigeria: Islam, Christianity and emergent struggles over intimacy Abstract: In this article, the author uses the belligerence toward alternative sexualities in Nigeria as a point of departure for a critical appraisal of the terms of inclusion and exclusion in the country's body politic. This belligerence has thrown up a rare alliance of the state, religious leaders and the print media. Attributing this alliance to the postcolonial crisis over the functions of masculinisation and power, the author suggests that anti-gay resentment is a straw man for a ruling elite facing growing socio-economic pressure. This shunting-off of sexual 'others' from the terrain of public action has profound implications for the way modern Nigerian citizenship is understood. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 62-76 Issue: 143 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.988699 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.988699 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:143:p:62-76 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nuno Vidal Author-X-Name-First: Nuno Author-X-Name-Last: Vidal Title: Angolan civil society activism since the 1990s: reformists, confrontationists and young revolutionaries of the 'Arab spring generation' Abstract: Aiming for regime transformation, post-transition Angolan civil society activism moved from reformism and confrontationism to ultra-confrontationism. Reformism and confrontationism evolved until the 2008 elections, influenced by development thinking (neoliberalism/institutionalism vs neo-Marxism/world-system thinking), in two opposing strategies: 'constructive engagement' vs political defiance. The dispute ended with ultra-confrontationism gaining impetus with the Arab spring, with a younger generation resorting to new methods (information and communications technology and demonstrations). Despite the lack of funding or international links, the newer methods caused more concern to the regime. Nevertheless, they suffer from the same shortfalls as their predecessors: they are confined to an urban/suburban social segment, and unable to attract the majority of the population. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 77-91 Issue: 143 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1015103 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1015103 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:143:p:77-91 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bettina Engels Author-X-Name-First: Bettina Author-X-Name-Last: Engels Title: Different means of protest, same causes: popular struggles in Burkina Faso Abstract: The article examines the relationship of riots to more organised and sustained protests by trade unions and other established oppositional organisations. It focuses on protests related to the 2007-2008 food and fuel price crisis. In a case study on Burkina Faso, actors, means and achievements of the popular struggles are analysed. It is argued that protests by the trade unions on the one side and riots on the other relate to one another. Both present struggles by different segments of the popular classes that sometimes use different means but emerge from the same structural causes and address the same problem. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 92-106 Issue: 143 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.996123 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.996123 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:143:p:92-106 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marcel Paret Author-X-Name-First: Marcel Author-X-Name-Last: Paret Title: Violence and democracy in South Africa's community protests Abstract: Community protests in South Africa are often described as violent. Drawing from newspaper articles, interviews with protesters and statements by public officials, this paper unpacks the meaning of 'violent protest'. It shows that violence is both ambiguous and deeply entangled with democracy. On the one hand, violent practices may become a tool of liberation, promoting democracy by empowering marginalised groups. On the other hand, democracy may become a tool of domination, undermining dissent by constituting as violent those persons and actions that deviate from formal institutional channels. The analysis urges scholars to adopt a critical and nuanced view of violence. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 107-123 Issue: 143 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.995163 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.995163 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:143:p:107-123 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Koenraad Bogaert Author-X-Name-First: Koenraad Author-X-Name-Last: Bogaert Title: The revolt of small towns: the meaning of Morocco's history and the geography of social protests Abstract: Attempts to understand the wider context of the Arab uprisings in Morocco mainly focus on the dynamic created by the 20 February Movement, while the long history of increasing socio-economic struggle tends to be underestimated. This article argues that the political and democratic protests of the last two years and the history of socio-economic protests cannot be viewed as unrelated phenomena but must be understood as part of the same process. The account focuses on different disturbances, such as the riots in the phosphate mining region of Khouribga, to show the particular dynamic between civil democratic and socio-economic struggles. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 124-140 Issue: 143 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.918536 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.918536 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:143:p:124-140 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dirk Kohnert Author-X-Name-First: Dirk Author-X-Name-Last: Kohnert Title: Horse-trading on EU-African Economic Partnership Agreements Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 141-147 Issue: 143 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.988700 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.988700 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:143:p:141-147 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lila Chouli Author-X-Name-First: Lila Author-X-Name-Last: Chouli Title: L'insurrection populaire et la Transition au Burkina Faso Abstract: At the end of October 2014, Africa was again the scene of a popular uprising: in two days the people of Burkina Faso, in mass demonstrations, emptied the presidential palace of its occupant, exceeding even the slogans launched by political opposition and civil society organisations. On 31 October President Blaise Compaoré, after 27 years in power, was forced to resign. In this briefing, after a very brief overview of the dynamics of the struggles in Burkina Faso, Lila Chouli presents in broad outline the nature of the post-October transition, its relationship to the uprising and some of the principal contradictions and tensions contained in these developments.À la fin d'octobre 2014, l'Afrique était le "théâtre" d'un soulèvement populaire, particulier par sa fulgurance : en deux jours, les masses burkinabè ont vidé le palais présidentiel de son occupant, dépassant le mot d'ordre lancé par l'opposition politique ainsi que des organisations de la société civile. Qu'en est-il de l'après octobre 2014 ? Après un très bref rappel de la dynamique des luttes au Burkina Faso, nous présenterons à grands traits l'organisation de la transition post-octobre dans ses rapports à l'esprit du soulèvement populaire, dans sa pluralité, pouvant même être contradictoire... Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 148-155 Issue: 143 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1016290 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1016290 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:143:p:148-155 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eddy Akpomera Author-X-Name-First: Eddy Author-X-Name-Last: Akpomera Title: International crude oil theft: elite predatory tendencies in Nigeria Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 156-165 Issue: 143 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.988696 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.988696 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:143:p:156-165 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reginald Cline-Cole Author-X-Name-First: Reginald Author-X-Name-Last: Cline-Cole Title: On territorialising power and rendering space and resources legible Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 167-173 Issue: 144 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1038046 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1038046 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:144:p:167-173 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Davide Chinigò Author-X-Name-First: Davide Author-X-Name-Last: Chinigò Title: The politics of land registration in Ethiopia: territorialising state power in the rural milieu Abstract: Contemporary policies of land titling and registration are central to the negotiation of the rights of access to resources and constitute a main facet of the territorialisation of the state in the rural milieu. In Ethiopia, the distribution of land use certificates started in the 1990s with the support of international donors. This paper examines land registration in rural Oromiya and discusses how it reconfigures the exercise of political authority and the peasant-state interface. The paper concludes that land registration, being legitimated through a complex discursive repertoire, strengthens the capacity of the local administrative structures to exercise political authority and thereby serves to further extend the power of the state in the rural milieu. While the question of security of tenure is strongly influenced by such hierarchical state-peasant relations, the case analysed shows that the political project behind land registration is also contested and resisted, although not openly, by the farmers. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 174-189 Issue: 144 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.928613 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.928613 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:144:p:174-189 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ian Scoones Author-X-Name-First: Ian Author-X-Name-Last: Scoones Title: Zimbabwe's land reform: new political dynamics in the countryside Abstract: The reconfiguration of land and economic opportunity following Zimbabwe's land reform from 2000 has resulted in a new politics of the countryside. This emerges from the processes of accumulation and differentiation set in train by the land reform. Yet these politics are contested: between the interests of new 'middle farmers' who are 'accumulating from below' and politically connected elites and large-scale capital who see different opportunities for land-based accumulation. These dynamics are being played out in different ways in different parts of the country, depending on the agroecological potential of the area, the way the land reform unfolded and local political actors and processes. Based on research over the past 14 years, this paper examines two areas in Masvingo province and develops a contrasting analysis of emerging political dynamics. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications for the longer-term politics of agrarian change in Zimbabwe. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 190-205 Issue: 144 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.968118 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.968118 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:144:p:190-205 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ambreena Manji Author-X-Name-First: Ambreena Author-X-Name-Last: Manji Title: Bulldozers, homes and highways: Nairobi and the right to the city Abstract: In Kenya road building, widely viewed as an 'unqualified human good', is closely linked to an 'Africa Rising' narrative. In this paper the author argues that road building is an attempt to assert political authority derived from a longstanding developmentalist impulse, one in which private accumulation and spectacular public works go hand in hand. In light of massive infrastructural transformations, the author develops a conceptualisation of the right to the city: what is needed is a radical understanding of the city and its potentialities that wrests control of the idea away from a bureaucratic vision, and imbues it instead with collective meaning. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 206-224 Issue: 144 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.988698 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.988698 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:144:p:206-224 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elisa Greco Author-X-Name-First: Elisa Author-X-Name-Last: Greco Title: Landlords in the making: class dynamics of the land grab in Mbarali, Tanzania Abstract: This paper reorients the analysis of land grabs in Tanzania towards the role of class dynamics. It draws on primary research on resistance against the privatisation of a state rice farm in Mbeya Region. This is a land grab ahead of its time, as it occurred before the wave of global land enclosures spurred by the 2007/8 crisis. The paper argues that the recent wave of dispossession builds on pre-existing processes of rural social differentiation and class formation, which are played out through the politics of land and its class dynamics. It claims that if engaged scholarship is to support the progressive potential of resistance against land grabs in Africa, the class dynamics of land grabs must be acknowledged. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 225-244 Issue: 144 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.992403 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.992403 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:144:p:225-244 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lucy Baker Author-X-Name-First: Lucy Author-X-Name-Last: Baker Title: Renewable energy in South Africa's minerals-energy complex: a 'low carbon' transition? Abstract: This paper questions the extent to which the introduction of utility-scale, privately generated renewable energy into South Africa's coal-dominated electricity supply can be considered a 'low-carbon transition'. Rather, the renewable energy projects in question are embedded within and contribute to South Africa's high-carbon, electricity-intensive 'minerals-energy complex'. An empirical consideration is provided of some of the stakeholders involved in the implementation of the wind industry in South Africa, and the possibilities and pitfalls for its long-term sustainability. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 245-261 Issue: 144 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.953471 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.953471 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:144:p:245-261 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sylvanus I. Ebohon Author-X-Name-First: Sylvanus I. Author-X-Name-Last: Ebohon Title: The reform-underdevelopmentalism nexus in a dependent state: a case study of the Nigerian banking sector reforms Abstract: This paper attempts to capture the link between reform and development of the Nigerian banking sector. As a single-resource economy, Nigeria's development is embedded in a dependence framework in which commission forms the basis of primitive accumulation. The analysis, which is based on empirical evidence from primary and secondary sources, shows capital flight, toxic assets, abnormal profitability and margin banking in the Nigerian reform. It argues that within the framework of dependence reformism tied to metropolitan technology, reforms cannot produce mega banks. Backward integration offers Nigeria the hope for transiting from economically underdeveloped south to economically developed north. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 262-278 Issue: 144 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1020940 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1020940 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:144:p:262-278 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thaddeus Chidi Nzeadibe Author-X-Name-First: Thaddeus Chidi Author-X-Name-Last: Nzeadibe Author-Name: Peter Oluchukwu Mbah Author-X-Name-First: Peter Oluchukwu Author-X-Name-Last: Mbah Title: Beyond urban vulnerability: interrogating the social sustainability of a livelihood in the informal economy of Nigerian cities Abstract: Aba is a politically volatile, economically vibrant but environmentally poor city that is a microcosm of social conditions in the Nigerian urban informal economy. Hence, this study interrogates the social sustainability of waste picking in the city, using a hybrid of political economy and sustainable livelihoods frameworks to explicate social conditions of labour in the waste economy in relation to state/institutional policies. A mixed-methods approach was utilised, and findings indicate that a cocktail of conditions affect waste picking. A rise in waste picking was noted to be in response to neoliberal economic policies which removed social safety nets. Juxtaposing green neoliberal political economy with waste picking in Nigeria, the paper queries the continued neglect of the social dimension of the sustainability debate in informal waste management (IWM), arguing that social sustainability can be compatible with IWM, a neglected component of the 'new green economy' of Nigerian cities. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 279-298 Issue: 144 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.997692 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.997692 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:144:p:279-298 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Abiodun Salawu Author-X-Name-First: Abiodun Author-X-Name-Last: Salawu Title: A political economy of sub-Saharan African language press: the case of Nigeria and South Africa Abstract: This paper attempts a typology of the models of managing local language press in sub-Saharan Africa. Two models are identified: the <italic>mainstream</italic> and the <italic>subsidiary</italic>. In the mainstream model are local language newspapers that exist as sole or main products of a media organisation. The subsidiary model consists of local language newspapers that exist as subsidiary products of a foreign (but dominant) language media organisation. The two models are essentially differentiated based on two major factors: <italic>Focus/Attention/Priority</italic> and <italic>Resources (Sharing) - Men, Materials, Machine and Marketing.</italic> Using critical political economy as a theoretical framework, the paper draws examples from local language press establishments in Africa to discuss this model. Irrespective of the model of management adopted, the survival of local language newspapers in sub-Saharan Africa remains precarious. Even though the general situation with local language press in sub-Saharan Africa is not exciting, there are however some success stories that can be situated within either of the two management models. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 299-313 Issue: 144 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.988695 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.988695 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:144:p:299-313 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Janet Bujra Author-X-Name-First: Janet Author-X-Name-Last: Bujra Author-Name: Gavin Williams Author-X-Name-First: Gavin Author-X-Name-Last: Williams Title: Pepe Roberts, 1943-2015 Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 314-315 Issue: 144 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1023968 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1023968 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:144:p:314-315 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Moore Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Moore Title: Five funerals, no weddings, a couple of birthdays: Terry Ranger, his contemporaries, and the end of Zimbabwean nationalism - 24 October 2013-3 January 2015 Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 316-324 Issue: 144 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1024504 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1024504 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:144:p:316-324 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lila Chouli Author-X-Name-First: Lila Author-X-Name-Last: Chouli Title: The popular uprising in Burkina Faso and the Transition Abstract: At the end of October 2014, Africa was again the scene of a popular uprising: in two days the people of Burkina Faso, in mass demonstrations, emptied the presidential palace of its occupant, exceeding even the slogans launched by political opposition and civil society organisations. On 31 October President Blaise Compaoré, after 27 years in power, was forced to resign. In this briefing, after a very brief overview of the dynamics of the struggles in Burkina Faso, Lila Chouli presents in broad outline the nature of the post-October transition, its relationship to the uprising and some of the principal contradictions and tensions contained in these developments.-super-1 Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 325-333 Issue: 144 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1026196 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1026196 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:144:p:325-333 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Deborah Johnston Author-X-Name-First: Deborah Author-X-Name-Last: Johnston Author-Name: Kevin Deane Author-X-Name-First: Kevin Author-X-Name-Last: Deane Author-Name: Matteo Rizzo Author-X-Name-First: Matteo Author-X-Name-Last: Rizzo Title: The political economy of HIV Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 335-341 Issue: 145 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1065603 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1065603 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:145:p:335-341 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bridget O'Laughlin Author-X-Name-First: Bridget Author-X-Name-Last: O'Laughlin Title: Trapped in the prison of the proximate: structural HIV/AIDS prevention in southern Africa Abstract: There is now agreement in HIV/AIDS prevention that biomedical and behavioural interventions do not sufficiently address the structural causes of the epidemic, but structural prevention is understood in different ways. The social drivers approach models pathways that link structural constraints to individuals at risk and then devises intervention to affect these pathways. An alternative political economy approach that begins with the bio-social whole provides a better basis for understanding the structural causes of HIV/AIDS. It demands that HIV/AIDS prevention in southern Africa should not be a set of discrete technical interventions but a sustained political as well as scientific project. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 342-361 Issue: 145 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1064368 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1064368 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:145:p:342-361 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mark Hunter Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Hunter Title: The political economy of concurrent partners: toward a history of sex-love-gift connections in the time of AIDS Abstract: Over the last decade, one of the most influential explanations for high HIV prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa is the existence of sexual networks characterised by concurrent partners. Recently, however, a growing number of scholars have challenged the evidential basis for the concurrency argument. While this dispute has led to a call for more sophisticated quantitative methods to measure concurrency, this article widens the discussion to emphasise the political economic roots and qualitative dimension of concurrent partnered relations. Specifically, the paper argues for the importance of situating concurrency within key historical processes and, to that end, gives special consideration to the growth of 'transactional sex' - non-prostitute but material relations between men and women. Critics of the concurrency-HIV thesis have sometimes dismissed as anecdotal accounts of sex-gift exchanges in Africa. Yet by exploring through an ethnographic/historical lens the changing configuration of sex, love and gifts in South Africa, this article illuminates different manifestations of concurrency, including connections between concurrency and condom use. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 362-375 Issue: 145 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1064367 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1064367 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:145:p:362-375 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Danya Long Author-X-Name-First: Danya Author-X-Name-Last: Long Author-Name: Kevin Deane Author-X-Name-First: Kevin Author-X-Name-Last: Deane Title: Wealthy and healthy? New evidence on the relationship between wealth and HIV vulnerability in Tanzania Abstract: Using data from the Demographics and Health Surveys for Tanzania in 2003-2004, 2007-2008 and 2011-2012 and borrowing from the methodology used in Parkhurst, the authors analyse the changing relationship between wealth and HIV prevalence in Tanzania. Findings are tabulated, graphed and discussed. The authors find the relationship is multifaceted and dynamic: women are disproportionately affected in all wealth quintiles and experience a stronger 'wealth effect'; some groups experience an increase in prevalence even as population prevalence declines. Relative wealth and poverty are associated with increased prevalence, suggesting that structural drivers create a variety of risk situations - as well as protective factors - affecting different groups. The authors also consider data on testing refusals: wealthier men were consistently more likely to decline testing. Continuing to unpack this complex and shifting relationship is necessary in order to fully understand the structural drivers of HIV transmission and access of testing services, enabling the formulation of appropriate policy responses. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 376-393 Issue: 145 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1064817 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1064817 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:145:p:376-393 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Deborah Johnston Author-X-Name-First: Deborah Author-X-Name-Last: Johnston Title: Paying the price of HIV in Africa: cash transfers and the depoliticisation of HIV risk Abstract: Despite biomedical innovation, HIV incidence remains high in some African countries. HIV-related cash-transfer projects propose a solution. However, the author raises concerns about their success from a political economy perspective. Where structural change is invoked by these projects, it is too narrowly conceived. Some cash-transfer projects focus solely on 'nudging' choices about risky sex, without considering the wider set of factors that increase HIV incidence. Consequently, the promise of HIV-related cash transfers is dangerously exaggerated. Instead they obscure the underlying causes of high HIV prevalence, by focusing on individual behaviour and a limited, neoliberal-friendly menu of options. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 394-413 Issue: 145 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1064815 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1064815 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:145:p:394-413 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eleanor MacPherson Author-X-Name-First: Eleanor Author-X-Name-Last: MacPherson Author-Name: John Sadalaki Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Sadalaki Author-Name: Victoria Nyongopa Author-X-Name-First: Victoria Author-X-Name-Last: Nyongopa Author-Name: Lawrence Nkhwazi Author-X-Name-First: Lawrence Author-X-Name-Last: Nkhwazi Author-Name: Mackwellings Phiri Author-X-Name-First: Mackwellings Author-X-Name-Last: Phiri Author-Name: Alinafe Chimphonda Author-X-Name-First: Alinafe Author-X-Name-Last: Chimphonda Author-Name: Nicola Desmond Author-X-Name-First: Nicola Author-X-Name-Last: Desmond Author-Name: Victor Mwapasa Author-X-Name-First: Victor Author-X-Name-Last: Mwapasa Author-Name: David G. Lalloo Author-X-Name-First: David G. Author-X-Name-Last: Lalloo Author-Name: Janet Seeley Author-X-Name-First: Janet Author-X-Name-Last: Seeley Author-Name: Sally Theobald Author-X-Name-First: Sally Author-X-Name-Last: Theobald Title: Exploring the complexity of microfinance and HIV in fishing communities on the shores of Lake Malawi Abstract: This study utilised qualitative research methodology to explore female fish traders' experiences of accessing microfinance in fishing communities in southern Malawi. Microfinance is a tool that has been used to alleviate poverty. People living in fishing communities in the Global South are at an increased risk of HIV and, equally, microfinance has been identified as a tool to prevent HIV. The authors' research found consistent testimonies of overly short microfinance loan-repayment periods, enforced by the threat of property confiscation. These threats, coupled with gendered power dynamics and the unpredictability of fish catches, left some female fish traders vulnerable to HIV. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 414-436 Issue: 145 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1064369 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1064369 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:145:p:414-436 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kevin Deane Author-X-Name-First: Kevin Author-X-Name-Last: Deane Author-Name: Joyce Wamoyi Author-X-Name-First: Joyce Author-X-Name-Last: Wamoyi Title: Revisiting the economics of transactional sex: evidence from Tanzania Abstract: Transactional sex has been identified as one of the key structural drivers of the HIV epidemic. Mainstream economic analyses of this practice primarily conceptualise transactional sex in the language of rational choice, with the focus on behavioural decisions that women make over whether to engage in transactional interactions (or not). However, whilst providing some important insights in relation to the role of poverty and the importance of acknowledging that women are more than passive agents, these approaches fail to address the social and economic complexities of this practice that are reflected in the broader literature. Further, due to the technical framework used, there is a failure to deal with the broader socio-economic and historical underpinnings of this practice. Using evidence from fieldwork undertaken in Tanzania, the authors revisit the economics of transactional sex, and offer an alternative economic approach to understanding this practice. They explore the notion that transactional sex is an established local sexual norm, and how this norm is creatively applied and reapplied in a range of situations by different actors, including through participation in local value chains. Their analysis has a number of implications for future prevention efforts that differ from the current focus on microfinance as a means of empowering women. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 437-454 Issue: 145 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1064816 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1064816 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:145:p:437-454 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alan Whiteside Author-X-Name-First: Alan Author-X-Name-Last: Whiteside Title: The key questions in the AIDS epidemic in 2015 Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 455-466 Issue: 145 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1064371 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1064371 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:145:p:455-466 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sophie Harman Author-X-Name-First: Sophie Author-X-Name-Last: Harman Title: 15 years of 'War on AIDS': what impact has the global HIV/AIDS response had on the political economy of Africa? Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 467-476 Issue: 145 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1064370 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1064370 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:145:p:467-476 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Justin O. Parkhurst Author-X-Name-First: Justin O. Author-X-Name-Last: Parkhurst Author-Name: Moritz Hunsmann Author-X-Name-First: Moritz Author-X-Name-Last: Hunsmann Title: Breaking out of silos - the need for critical paradigm reflection in HIV prevention Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 477-487 Issue: 145 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1064373 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1064373 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:145:p:477-487 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Janet Seeley Author-X-Name-First: Janet Author-X-Name-Last: Seeley Title: Microfinance and HIV prevention Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 488-496 Issue: 145 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1064372 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1064372 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:145:p:488-496 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Karim Malak Author-X-Name-First: Karim Author-X-Name-Last: Malak Author-Name: Sara Salem Author-X-Name-First: Sara Author-X-Name-Last: Salem Title: How far does neoliberalism go in Egypt? Gender, citizenship and the making of the ‘rural’ woman Abstract: This paper focuses on civil society in Egypt as a site in which the ‘Egyptian rural woman’ is made by looking at processes of microfinance which often ‘fail’ to realise their stated goals of ‘empowerment’, ‘poverty alleviation’ or ‘social mobility’. Using ethnographic material from a microfinance programme in the Egyptian governorate of al-Minya, such programmes are problematised beyond their stated goals. Instead, such initiatives put in place an infrastructure that links micro-borrowers to the market. Thus, what it means to be a ‘liberated’ woman in the Egyptian context is built on access, participation in and creation of ‘the market’. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 541-558 Issue: 154 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1268114 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1268114 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:154:p:541-558 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peris S. Jones Author-X-Name-First: Peris S. Author-X-Name-Last: Jones Author-Name: Wangui Kimari Author-X-Name-First: Wangui Author-X-Name-Last: Kimari Author-Name: Kavita Ramakrishnan Author-X-Name-First: Kavita Author-X-Name-Last: Ramakrishnan Title: ‘Only the people can defend this struggle’: the politics of the everyday, extrajudicial executions and civil society in Mathare, Kenya Abstract: Though a perennial problem in postcolonial Kenya, extrajudicial executions (EJE) show few signs of ending and in recent years are even accelerating amongst young men in informal settlements. Avenues for legal, institutional and civil society redress, nominally expanded in recent years, display an ongoing tendency towards disconnection from the grassroots. A case study from Mathare, Nairobi, seeks explanations for the lack of urgency in addressing EJE and also the limited effectiveness of responses to them that are rooted in the political economy of interests of civil society actors, which tends to perpetuate these ‘excluded spaces’ of the slum. The authors do so, however, by exploring one particular struggle to show how frustration with civil society is being used by social justice activists to articulate ideas of ‘everyday’ violence to mobilise for change that disrupts the apparent normalisation of EJE. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 559-576 Issue: 154 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1269000 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1269000 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:154:p:559-576 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Murtala Muhammad Author-X-Name-First: Murtala Author-X-Name-Last: Muhammad Author-Name: Mansur Ibrahim Mukhtar Author-X-Name-First: Mansur Ibrahim Author-X-Name-Last: Mukhtar Author-Name: Gold Kafilah Lola Author-X-Name-First: Gold Kafilah Author-X-Name-Last: Lola Title: The impact of Chinese textile imperialism on Nigeria’s textile industry and trade: 1960–2015 Abstract: This briefing examines the effects of globalisation and the challenge posed by China to the Nigerian textile industry in the twenty-first century. The meteoric rise of imports of cheap Chinese textiles into the Nigerian market, which was formerly dominated by local fabrics, has shifted the balance in favour of the imports, which has consequently destroyed the economic base of the local textile industry. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 673-682 Issue: 154 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1313729 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1313729 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:154:p:673-682 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carolyn Bassett Author-X-Name-First: Carolyn Author-X-Name-Last: Bassett Title: Africa’s next debt crisis: regulatory dilemmas and radical insights Abstract: A new African debt crisis appears imminent, which will have new features because several countries have recently introduced international sovereign bonds. Organisations such as the World Bank and the African Development Bank increasingly acknowledge the risk of such a crisis, but continue to prescribe debt-management strategies based on liberalisation and government spending cuts. Insights drawn from liberals favouring government regulation identify an alternative policy direction, while Marxist scholars raise serious concerns about the merits and implications of the bonds altogether. These alternative approaches have the potential to enrich inter-governmental policy discussions and potentially avert the looming new African debt crisis. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 523-540 Issue: 154 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1313730 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1313730 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:154:p:523-540 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jacqueline M. Klopp Author-X-Name-First: Jacqueline M. Author-X-Name-Last: Klopp Author-Name: Odenda Lumumba Author-X-Name-First: Odenda Author-X-Name-Last: Lumumba Title: Reform and counter-reform in Kenya's land governance Abstract: Fashioned within conquest, Kenya’s current system of land governance was designed to facilitate land expropriation for the few and powerful. Post-colonial elites never fundamentally reformed this system of concentrated legal and administrative power over land and continue to benefit from it. This article explores both recent efforts at land governance reform and the numerous ways that counter-reform resistance is occurring and currently gaining the upper hand. The authors argue that powerful networks of beneficiaries create a strong system of control and exclusion around land, producing a path dependency against reform. The challenge for reformers is to overcome these powerful forces arrayed against change with creative mobilisation strategies, leveraging not only the 2010 Constitution and the courts but also public outrage and stronger civil society organisation. Overall, an important reform struggle in Kenya is just beginning, the outcome uncertain and the stakes for the country’s future very high. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 577-594 Issue: 154 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1367919 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1367919 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:154:p:577-594 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cyril Owen Brandt Author-X-Name-First: Cyril Owen Author-X-Name-Last: Brandt Title: Ambivalent outcomes of statebuilding: multiplication of brokers and educational expansion in the Democratic Republic of Congo (2004–13) Abstract: This empirical article explores how the interaction between two key aspects of statebuilding (democratisation and decentralisation) and existing forms of governance in the Democratic Republic of Congo led to a multiplication in numbers of political and administrative brokers. Furthermore, it investigates how these brokers construct their roles well beyond official mandates. Responding to local demands, they circumvent formal procedures in order to obtain decrees accrediting public primary and secondary schools. As a result, the number of public schools has almost tripled since the early 2000s. Building on qualitative and quantitative empirical data, the article thus reveals that democratisation and decentralisation can reproduce clientelist structures. However, it also uncovers changing socio-spatial dynamics: certain historically neglected and conflict-affected districts have particularly benefited from brokers’ involvement. Despite these positive aspects, the article further illustrates how these outcomes counteract other central administrative and political objectives. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 624-642 Issue: 154 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1367920 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1367920 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:154:p:624-642 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martin Plaut Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Plaut Title: Eritrea: a mafia state? Abstract: Eritrea is no ordinary state; rather it resembles a criminal organisation designed to keep its citizens in perpetual servitude. It is behaves like a mafia organisation: with covert finances but without a constitution, legislature or elections, run by the country’s president and his closest associates. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 662-672 Issue: 154 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1374939 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1374939 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:154:p:662-672 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Robin Cohen Author-X-Name-First: Robin Author-X-Name-Last: Cohen Title: A tribute to Ken Post, 1935–2017 Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 643-645 Issue: 154 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1380954 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1380954 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:154:p:643-645 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joël Noret Author-X-Name-First: Joël Author-X-Name-Last: Noret Title: For a multidimensional class analysis in Africa Abstract: How can we analyse the dynamics of social structure in Africa today? This Debate piece argues that a Bourdieu-inspired, multidimensional class analysis opens promising perspectives for understanding class dynamics in Africa. This implies notably bridging objectivist and subjectivist approaches to class analysis, and working with a multidimensional idea of the social space. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 654-661 Issue: 154 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1388775 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1388775 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:154:p:654-661 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Godfrey Maringira Author-X-Name-First: Godfrey Author-X-Name-Last: Maringira Title: Military corruption in war: stealing and connivance among Zimbabwean foot soldiers in the Democratic Republic of Congo (1998–2002) Abstract: This article examines the ways in which Zimbabwean foot soldiers engaged in military corrupt activities, stealing army rations from the trenches to resell in neighbouring civilian communities and Congolese soldiers in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The practice became widespread among and between senior and junior officers. However, this practice did not end with the war; rather it was carried over from the DRC war to the Zimbabwean army barracks. The article contends that the practice of stealing army rations was a deeply unprofessional practice. The article draws from life history stories of Zimbabwean former soldiers who deserted the army and are now living in South Africa. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 611-623 Issue: 154 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1406844 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1406844 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:154:p:611-623 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eglė Česnulytė Author-X-Name-First: Eglė Author-X-Name-Last: Česnulytė Title: Gendering the extraverted state: the politics of the Kenyan sex workers’ movement Abstract: The Kenyan sex worker movement occupies a peculiar place in Kenyan politics – it is an important partner in different programmes and policies in the health sector, but individuals selling sex still disproportionately suffer from different forms of state and public violence and are often marginalised. This article argues that due to the gendered nature of the Kenyan state’s extraversion processes and the resulting dual accountability to national and foreign sovereigns, the Kenyan state’s approach to gender issues is inconsistent and thus produces a situation where social movements with a gender rights agenda can be both included and excluded from the national political scene. The article also explores how the sex worker movement builds on this duality of the Kenyan state when making its strategic choices about engagement with national policy bodies. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 595-610 Issue: 154 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1406845 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1406845 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:154:p:595-610 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Arndt Hopfmann Author-X-Name-First: Arndt Author-X-Name-Last: Hopfmann Title: The Russian Revolution and the development challenge – Part I: the Russian Revolution and a myriad of global cleavages Abstract: 100 years after the Great Russian Revolution it is time to evaluate the impact of this epoch-making event on the politics and development in the Global South. In Part I, some deliberations on its historical and geo-political aspects are provided. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 646-653 Issue: 154 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1406846 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1406846 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:154:p:646-653 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stefano Ponte Author-X-Name-First: Stefano Author-X-Name-Last: Ponte Title: Neoliberal moral economy: capitalism, socio-cultural change and fraud in Uganda Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 683-684 Issue: 154 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1407507 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1407507 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:154:p:683-684 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alfred Zack-Williams Author-X-Name-First: Alfred Author-X-Name-Last: Zack-Williams Title: Political economies of the everyday Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 513-521 Issue: 154 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1409567 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1409567 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:154:p:513-521 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Ruth First prize Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 522-522 Issue: 154 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1412668 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1412668 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:154:p:522-522 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Volume index Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 685-689 Issue: 154 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1413222 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1413222 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:154:p:685-689 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jörg Wiegratz Author-X-Name-First: Jörg Author-X-Name-Last: Wiegratz Title: ‘They’re all in it together’: the social production of fraud in capitalist Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 357-368 Issue: 161 Volume: 46 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2019.1682297 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2019.1682297 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:46:y:2019:i:161:p:357-368 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thando Vilakazi Author-X-Name-First: Thando Author-X-Name-Last: Vilakazi Author-Name: Simon Roberts Author-X-Name-First: Simon Author-X-Name-Last: Roberts Title: Cartels as ‘fraud’? Insights from collusion in southern and East Africa in the fertiliser and cement industries Abstract: Anti-competitive conduct involves firms misrepresenting their behaviour and manipulating markets. In sector case studies of cement and fertiliser, the authors find that collusion in southern and East Africa operated through industry associations exchanging information, secret agreements and lobbying government to distort notionally developmental policies for private benefit. This has occurred in the context of liberalisation and deregulation. Transnational corporations have leveraged control of infrastructure and inputs, and favourable regulations to sustain market power, while presenting themselves as ‘development partners’. Competition law is portrayed as the ‘governance fix’ for these issues but this ignores political economy issues which underpin many collusive arrangements. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 369-386 Issue: 161 Volume: 46 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2018.1536974 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2018.1536974 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:46:y:2019:i:161:p:369-386 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Milford Bateman Author-X-Name-First: Milford Author-X-Name-Last: Bateman Title: The rise of microcredit ‘control fraud’ in post-apartheid South Africa: from state-enforced to market-driven exploitation of the black community Abstract: The end of apartheid in South Africa in the early 1990s did not see the envisaged end to the exploitation of the black South African population, but instead saw simply a shift from state-backed exploitation to market-driven exploitation. This trajectory is especially germane to the country’s microcredit industry, which has spectacularly and wilfully enriched a narrow white male elite while simultaneously helping to fragment and destroy the local rural and urban economies of the black poor. As this article demonstrates, a major aspect of this one-sided enrichment process has involved ‘control fraud’, the process whereby the CEO and senior management of a financial institution use their seniority to defraud customers, shareholders, the government and the general public as they go about maximising their own private short-term financial gains. Already a problem elsewhere in the global South, South Africa has thus joined the growing list of countries that have seen control fraud in the microcredit sector undermine and block progress towards more productive, sustainable and equitable local economies. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 387-414 Issue: 161 Volume: 46 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2018.1546429 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2018.1546429 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:46:y:2019:i:161:p:387-414 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sarah Bracking Author-X-Name-First: Sarah Author-X-Name-Last: Bracking Title: Black economic empowerment policy in Durban, eThekwini, South Africa: economic justice, economic fraud and ‘leaving money on the table’ Abstract: Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) policy in South Africa is intended to mitigate the economic disadvantage of apartheid and contribute to inclusive growth and development. This article examines perspectives on BEE from economic actors and accreditation agencies in eThekwini between 2012 and 2016. The article finds that BEE policy has contributed to building a political economy of connectivity and concession embedded in localised categorical framings of race, class and gender, where some economic fraud and corruption has taken place. However, BEE has also contributed to growing a black capitalist class which eschews political concession and identifies with market-based economic transformation. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 415-441 Issue: 161 Volume: 46 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2019.1644997 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2019.1644997 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:46:y:2019:i:161:p:415-441 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gernot Klantschnig Author-X-Name-First: Gernot Author-X-Name-Last: Klantschnig Author-Name: Chieh Huang Author-X-Name-First: Chieh Author-X-Name-Last: Huang Title: Fake drugs: health, wealth and regulation in Nigeria Abstract: In recent years, international organisations have warned of the lethal trade in fake drugs particularly in Africa. This article assesses how and why fake pharmaceuticals have become a problem in Nigeria and how successful the state has been at regulating it, based on archival, official and interview data. While the article shows that the early roots of this trade can be found in colonial times, its expansion and growing policy concern were driven by crises in the Nigerian pharmaceutical industry and the healthcare system in the 1980s. In contrast to dominant explanations, the authors argue that the rise of fake drugs in Nigeria was closely linked to these national crises and related global trends towards market liberalisation and the commodification of health. In this unfavourable context, policies to regulate fake drugs remained limited as they only addressed the symptoms of a more fundamental political and economic problem: the shift from public health towards private wealth and profit-making. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 442-458 Issue: 161 Volume: 46 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2018.1536975 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2018.1536975 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:46:y:2019:i:161:p:442-458 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christiaan De Beukelaer Author-X-Name-First: Christiaan Author-X-Name-Last: De Beukelaer Author-Name: Martin Fredriksson Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Fredriksson Title: The political economy of intellectual property rights: the paradox of Article 27 exemplified in Ghana Abstract: Orthodox copyright scholarship frames piracy in ‘developing’ countries as a detrimental and illegal practice that results from these countries’ lack of economic, social and cultural development. It argues that piracy needs to be discouraged, regulated, and finally overcome for legitimate business to flourish. In this article, the authors challenge this viewpoint and question whether the implementation of international copyright instruments in legislation across Africa really promotes those local economies or if it merely exposes them to neo-colonial exploitation. While the early international treaties on intellectual property rights (IPR) were formulated by European states and implemented in most parts of Africa through colonial laws, more recent legislation has been globally implemented through institutions such as the United Nations or the World Trade Organization, which remain dominated by Western interests. Through a structured overview of the adoption of IPR treaties in African countries, the authors advance a political economy perspective of intellectual property rights as a (neo-)colonial regime. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 459-479 Issue: 161 Volume: 46 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2018.1500358 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2018.1500358 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:46:y:2019:i:161:p:459-479 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Milford Bateman Author-X-Name-First: Milford Author-X-Name-Last: Bateman Author-Name: Maren Duvendack Author-X-Name-First: Maren Author-X-Name-Last: Duvendack Author-Name: Nicholas Loubere Author-X-Name-First: Nicholas Author-X-Name-Last: Loubere Title: Is fin-tech the new panacea for poverty alleviation and local development? Contesting Suri and Jack’s M-Pesa findings published in Science Abstract: Financial technology, or simply ‘fin-tech’, is increasingly seen as one of the key tools to facilitate poverty reduction and local economic development. One article in particular by Tavneet Suri and William Jack published in the leading publication Science has played a hugely influential role in promoting the fin-tech model in the global South using the example of Kenya’s iconic M-Pesa money transfer platform. The authors’ central claim is that M-Pesa has been instrumental in facilitating a major episode of poverty reduction. Our analysis shows that their analysis and claims are extremely problematic. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 480-495 Issue: 161 Volume: 46 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2019.1614552 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2019.1614552 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:46:y:2019:i:161:p:480-495 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nataliya Mykhalchenko Author-X-Name-First: Nataliya Author-X-Name-Last: Mykhalchenko Author-Name: Jörg Wiegratz Author-X-Name-First: Jörg Author-X-Name-Last: Wiegratz Title: Anti-fraud measures in Southern Africa Abstract: In response to the rising levels of fraud in many countries and the global economy more generally, public and private actors in both the global North and the global South have in recent years introduced initiatives in the name of countering fraud in the ‘private sector’. This briefing explores such anti-fraud measures in four countries in the Southern African region: Malawi, Botswana, South Africa and Zambia. Using online data (news outlets and reports on websites of private companies and governmental agencies), the authors provide a country-by-country account of some of the drivers and characteristics of these measures. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 496-514 Issue: 161 Volume: 46 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2019.1660156 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2019.1660156 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:46:y:2019:i:161:p:496-514 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Adam Aboobaker Author-X-Name-First: Adam Author-X-Name-Last: Aboobaker Title: Visions of stagnation and maldistribution: monopoly capital, ‘white monopoly capital’ and new challenges to the South African Left Abstract: The term ‘white monopoly capital’ (WMC) has featured prominently in South Africa's recent popular economic discourse. Situating this rhetorical turn within discussion over the broader monopoly capital tradition, this piece argues for a need to move beyond the term considering problems with the idea that a concentrated market structure is driving stagnation and inequality in South Africa, but also because this conspiratorial language is harmful to South Africa’s political discourse. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 515-523 Issue: 161 Volume: 46 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2019.1640193 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2019.1640193 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:46:y:2019:i:161:p:515-523 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jan Beek Author-X-Name-First: Jan Author-X-Name-Last: Beek Title: Neoliberalism and the moral economy of fraud Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 524-527 Issue: 161 Volume: 46 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2019.1649353 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2019.1649353 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:46:y:2019:i:161:p:524-527 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Statement of retraction: The role of multinational oil corporations (MNOCs) in Nigeria: more exploitation equals less development of oil-rich Niger Delta region Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 528-528 Issue: 161 Volume: 46 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2019.1668650 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2019.1668650 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:46:y:2019:i:161:p:528-528 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Editorial working group Journal: Pages: ebi-ebi Issue: 75 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704288 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704288 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:75:p:ebi-ebi Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chris Allen Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Allen Title: The machinery of external control Journal: Pages: 5-7 Issue: 75 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704289 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704289 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:75:p:5-7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bill Martin Author-X-Name-First: Bill Author-X-Name-Last: Martin Title: Waiting for oprah & the new US constituency for Africa Abstract: Is Africa falling off the policy map in the United States as is commonly alleged? Or do the new policies and constituency‐building efforts emanating from Washington, signal an African renaissance in the United States? This essay argues that this debate hides a more significant development: the formation of a hegemonic coalition, promoting an ideology suited to the post‐development, post‐affirmative action, multiracial era. If coalesced, this coalition would replace the forces that kept progressive African policies on the public agenda for over a generation. The very character of elite policy groups reveals, however, their dilemma: neither capital nor the state is substantially interested in African development. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 9-24 Issue: 75 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704290 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704290 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:75:p:9-24 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pádraig Carmody Author-X-Name-First: Pádraig Author-X-Name-Last: Carmody Title: Constructing alternatives to structural adjustment in Africa Abstract: Structural adjustment in Africa is based on neo‐classical economic principles derived from the experience of industrialisation in Britain and the United States. Neo‐classical economics claims that unregulated markets maximise output across contexts. However, this naturalisation of markets neglects that they are actively constituted by actors with different capabilities and levels of power. Structural adjustment has failed because comprehensive liberalisation has led to the autonomous development of the trade and financial sectors, to the detriment of production. Appropriate development strategies must recognise the necessity of regulating trade and finance in order to channel resources towards production, as in the developmental states of East Asia. However, in order to be successful, such strategies must be embedded in Africa's political economy. Development will require a remaking of both African states and the international financial institutions which dictate their economic policies. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 25-46 Issue: 75 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704291 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704291 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:75:p:25-46 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Patrick Watts Author-X-Name-First: Patrick Author-X-Name-Last: Watts Title: Losing Lomé: the potential impact of the commission guidelines on the ACP non‐least developed countries Abstract: Relations between European Union (EU) states and associated underdeveloped economies (the ACP states) have been largely governed by the Lomé Conventions. Likely difficulties in gaining World Trade Organisation (WTO) approval for a renewal of Lomé IV in its current form, and recognition that Lomé has been an insufficient support to the ACP group, has led the European Commission to search for an alternative framework. Its proposed new guidelines bring the debate forward on what a politically and legally feasible, and economically mutually beneficial framework might involve. They include a proposal that aid be focused on countries with a proven commitment to poverty eradication and conflict prevention, and offer Lomé‐style access to non‐ACP Least Developed Countries (LLDCs). Yet they fail to respond to ACP trade interests, and sit uneasily with the stated development aims of previous Lomé conventions. ACP non‐LLDC's will have to chose between negotiating ill‐defined Free Trade Agreements (FTA), or acceeding to the Generalised System of Preferences (GSP), markedly reducing access to EU markets. The costs ‐ in foreign exchange foregone and livelihoods destroyed ‐ could be considerable, as is shown by case studies of Zimbabwe, Ghana, and the Windward Islands. Summary recommendations are made, finally, as to how EU trade preferences for ACP countries might best meet the needs of the majority, including a ten year waiver, allowing scope to adjust to new competitive pressures and to begin diversification of export bases; and simplified access to EU markets for the LLDC's. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 47-71 Issue: 75 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704292 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704292 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:75:p:47-71 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David McDonald Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: McDonald Title: Three steps forward, two steps back: ideology & urban ecology in South Africa Abstract: Environmental discourse in South Africa has undergone dramatic change in the 1990s. Since the unbanning of the ANC and other anti‐apartheid organizations there has been an important re‐conceptualization of environmental issues and a rapid politicization of environmental debates. Organizations like the Environmental Justice Networking Forum (EJNF) have made the links between poverty and ecology an environmental priority in the country and important gains have been made on a wide range of environmental fronts. Environmental debates in South Africa have shifted from an historically racist and exclusionary discourse to one in which the definition of ‘the environment’ has expanded to include the working and living environments of black South Africans. This has had a profound impact on the way that environmental policy is prioritized and developed in the country and has contributed to a strong, and growing, environmental justice movement in the country. The first half of this article examines this shift in environmental discourse by looking briefly at the history of environmental debates in the country and at changes in environmental legislation and policy‐making procedures. The second half is a critical analysis of these environmental reforms ‐specifically as they relate to urban poverty. The delivery of basic services like sewerage and sanitation is arguably the single most important environmental concern in the country ‐ by virtue of the fact that it directly affects the largest number of people ‐ but it is unclear whether current urban upgrading initiatives are going to address this problem in an environmentally just and sustainable manner. It is argued that the interests of large scale capital and the propertied classes in South Africa continue to fundamentally shape ‐ and limit ‐ the environmental policy choices available to the ANC government. Environmental conditions in South African cities will gradually improve over the next five to ten years, but in a way that is intended to benefit urban capital and surreptitiously off‐loads the costs of urban upgrading onto the urban poor themselves. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 73-88 Issue: 75 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704293 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704293 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:75:p:73-88 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Julie Hearn Author-X-Name-First: Julie Author-X-Name-Last: Hearn Title: The ‘NGO‐isation’ of Kenyan society: USAID & the restructuring of health care Abstract: One result of Africa's marginalisation in the world economy is the peculiarly important role that aid plays in the continent. Whilst Africa's share of international trade is an almost insignificant three per cent, it accounts for more than thirty per cent of the global aid business (Sunday Nation,5 May 1996). Aid policy, itself, is dominated by what has been described as the New Policy Agenda of neo‐liberalism and liberal democratic theory, which assigns NGOs a key role. This article examines how one influential donor in Kenya, USAID, has funded and promoted NGOs in the health sector, notably mission hospitals. The article questions claims for their comparative advantage, and illustrates the extent to which they have been integrated into a national health structure. It concludes by pointing out some of the long‐term consequences of such a donor‐sponsored ‘NGO‐isation’ of different spheres of African society. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 89-100 Issue: 75 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704294 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704294 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:75:p:89-100 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roger Southall Author-X-Name-First: Roger Author-X-Name-Last: Southall Title: Moi's flawed mandate: the crisis continues in Kenya Journal: Pages: 101-111 Issue: 75 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704295 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704295 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:75:p:101-111 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carole Collins Author-X-Name-First: Carole Author-X-Name-Last: Collins Title: Congo/Ex‐Zaire: through the looking glass Abstract: The last issue of ROAPE(No. 74) looked at the new DRC government's emerging economic policies. Here we give more detail on its reconstruction plans, erratic foreign investment policies and increasingly repressive efforts to counter growing domestic and external opposition ‐ all of these intensifying debate among Congolese civil society and potential foreign aid donors. Journal: Pages: 112-123 Issue: 75 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704296 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704296 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:75:p:112-123 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Seddon Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Seddon Title: New Secretary‐general for the francophonie Journal: Pages: 123-124 Issue: 75 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704297 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704297 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:75:p:123-124 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Graham Harrison Author-X-Name-First: Graham Author-X-Name-Last: Harrison Title: The second national population census of Mozambique Journal: Pages: 124-132 Issue: 75 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704298 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704298 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:75:p:124-132 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Seddon Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Seddon Title: Cut backs in Japanese aid Journal: Pages: 132-133 Issue: 75 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704299 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704299 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:75:p:132-133 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Victor Tanner Author-X-Name-First: Victor Author-X-Name-Last: Tanner Title: Liberia: railroading peace Journal: Pages: 133-147 Issue: 75 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704300 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704300 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:75:p:133-147 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: An opportunity for Southern African women Journal: Pages: 148-149 Issue: 75 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704301 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704301 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:75:p:148-149 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Julius Nyerere Author-X-Name-First: Julius Author-X-Name-Last: Nyerere Title: Africa today and tomorrow Abstract: The following public lecture was given by Julius Nyerere, former President of the United Republic of Tanzania, to the London School of Economics, Centre for the Study of Global Governance0, on 8 June 1997. Journal: Pages: 149-152 Issue: 75 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704302 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704302 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:75:p:149-152 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John Markakis Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Markakis Author-Name: Deborah Potts Author-X-Name-First: Deborah Author-X-Name-Last: Potts Title: Book reviews Journal: Pages: 153-159 Issue: 75 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704303 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704303 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:75:p:153-159 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roy Love Author-X-Name-First: Roy Author-X-Name-Last: Love Author-Name: Ray Bush Author-X-Name-First: Ray Author-X-Name-Last: Bush Author-Name: Morris Szeftel Author-X-Name-First: Morris Author-X-Name-Last: Szeftel Title: Book notes Abstract: In the Shadow of Marriage: Gender and Justice in an African Communityby Anne M O Griffiths (1997), Chicago: University of Chicago Press, ISBN 0-226-30875-8. Willing Migrants: Soninke Labor Diasporas, 1848-1960by Francois Manchuelle (1960), Ohio University Press/James Currey, ISBN 0-85255-756-6. Bridging the Rift: The New South Africa in Africaby Larry A Swatuk & David R Black (eds.) (1997), Westview Press, ISBN 0-8133-2752-0. Mending Rips in the Sky: Options for Somali Communities in the 21st Centuryby Hussein Adam & Richard Ford (eds.), (1997), Red Sea Press, ISBN 1-56902-074-4. Democracy in Africa: the Hard Road Ahead, by Marina Ottaway (ed.) (1997), SAIS African Studies Library, Lynne Reinner Publishers, ISBN 1-55587-312-X. Globalisation and the Postcolonial World: the New Political Economy of Developmentby Ankie Hoogvelt (1997), Macmillan, ISBN 0-333-46106. The Lie of the Land: Challenging Received Wisdom on the African Environmentby Melissa Leach, Melissa & Robin Mearns (eds.) (1996), The International African Institute, James Currey/Heinemann, ISBN 0-85255-410-9. Journal: Pages: 159-162 Issue: 75 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704304 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704304 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:75:p:159-162 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Books received Journal: Pages: 163-163 Issue: 75 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704305 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704305 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:75:p:163-163 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Editorial working group Journal: Pages: ebi-ebi Issue: 82 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704409 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704409 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:82:p:ebi-ebi Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ray Bush Author-X-Name-First: Ray Author-X-Name-Last: Bush Author-Name: David Seddon Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Seddon Title: Editorial: North Africa in Africa Journal: Pages: 435-439 Issue: 82 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704410 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704410 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:82:p:435-439 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Karen Pfeifer Author-X-Name-First: Karen Author-X-Name-Last: Pfeifer Title: Parameters of economic reform in North Africa Abstract: The debates over the successes and limitations of structural adjustment in North Africa swirl around how to understand the institutional framework supporting economic activity in the non‐western world. To what extent are the investment roles for state leadership and for private enterprise, especially for export, a substitute for or complementary in the contemporary development process? How far should privatisation go? For example, should natural monopolies like telecommunications or strategic sectors like phosphate and oil production be sold off? Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 441-454 Issue: 82 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704411 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704411 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:82:p:441-454 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Timothy Mitchell Author-X-Name-First: Timothy Author-X-Name-Last: Mitchell Title: No factories, no problems: the logic of neo‐liberalism in Egypt Abstract: Neo‐liberalism is a success of the political imagination. Its achievement is a double one. It makes the window of political debate uncommonly narrow and at the same time promises from this window a prospect without limits. On the one hand it frames public discussion within the elliptic language of neo‐classical economics. The condition of the nation and its collective well being are pictured only in terms of how it is adjusted in gross to the discipline of monetary and fiscal balance sheets. On the other, neglecting the actual concerns of any concrete local or collective community, it encourages the most exuberant dreams of private accumulation — and a chaotic reallocation of collective resources. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 455-468 Issue: 82 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704412 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704412 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:82:p:455-468 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hassan Zaoual Author-X-Name-First: Hassan Author-X-Name-Last: Zaoual Title: The Maghreb experience: a challenge to the rational myths of economics Abstract: Colonial domination gave way to ‘development through regulation’ which received support from the Third World elites. Historically, the elites of the South have usually imported everything, including the explanation for the problems of their own societies: ‘from the discourse (keys in head), to the factory (keys in hand)’. In economic development circles, the Third World elites play the role of sterile classes without the capacity to create ‘development’. On the world economic scene, the development industry has concentrated conceptual ability and innovatory capacity in the countries transmitting development, while the sterile classes head what are essentially rentiereconomies (Philippe Hugon, 1994). Development, despite its impressive array of macro models, all too often turns out to be merely a source of profit for the closed club of the great economic powers of the world. But this relationship cannot be maintained without flourishing markets for primary commodities (for example, oil), external assistance, geopolitical rents, demographic pressures that can be kept within the redistribution capacity of rents, industrial sub‐contracting by transnationals (when this is feasible), and so on. If one or more of these conditions change, inevitably there is instability, if not explosions of all kinds. In fact, the results have been disastrous everywhere, except for the Asian development experiences whose successes have however been vitiated by the recent stock exchange crashes. This has challenged both the usual theory and practice of thinking and acting as far as North/South relationships are concerned — as evinced by recent international events. The changes that are taking place, however, cannot be understood with the conceptual paradigms of yesterday. This ‘interpretation powerlessness’ can today be seen in the various geographical regions of the world. Examples are the Arab world, that ‘decadent old merchant’, and sub‐Saharan Africa, which is being massacred by ‘ethnic’ conflicts and endless external interventions. For these areas, it is all too clear that development is above all a source of profit for the capitalist economies of the North. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 469-478 Issue: 82 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704413 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704413 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:82:p:469-478 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Catherine Lloyd Author-X-Name-First: Catherine Author-X-Name-Last: Lloyd Title: Organising across borders: Algerian women's associations in a period of conflict Abstract: In Muslim contexts of modernity, women's corporal visibility and citizenship rights constitute the political stakes around which the public sphere is defined. Women's visibility, women's mobility and women's voices are central in shaping the boundaries of the public sphere(Gole, 1997:61). This article examines the consequences for political organisation of Algeria's sustained and bloody conflict. Women's right to public action has been fundamentally challenged in this virtual civil war, and they have been at the forefront of resistance to violence, in different forms of political action and at different levels of society. Religious fundamentalism raises important questions about the nature of the politicaland how it occupies public space, and behaviour in the household (particularly that of women) has become a matter of public struggle. Resistance to or organising against fundamentalism and violence in turn enters a debate about political rights. For these reasons, Algerian women's organisations probably present the most diverse aspects of Algerian associational life. Their experience has wide relevance because it is shared by women in other situations where religious fundamentalism combines with a patriarchal system to oppress them (Helie‐Lucas, 1993). Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 479-490 Issue: 82 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704414 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704414 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:82:p:479-490 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: David vs. Goliath: genetics & the new millennium Journal: Pages: 491-494 Issue: 82 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704415 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704415 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:82:p:491-494 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Seddon Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Seddon Title: Western Sahara at the turn of the millennium Journal: Pages: 495-503 Issue: 82 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704416 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704416 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:82:p:495-503 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roy Love Author-X-Name-First: Roy Author-X-Name-Last: Love Title: Coffee crunch Journal: Pages: 503-508 Issue: 82 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704417 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704417 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:82:p:503-508 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ibrahim Elnur Author-X-Name-First: Ibrahim Author-X-Name-Last: Elnur Title: Alternative development policies for Sudan Journal: Pages: 508-512 Issue: 82 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704418 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704418 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:82:p:508-512 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Tributes to Mwalimu Julius Nyerere Abstract: As we were going to press with ROAPE No. 81, we learned of the death of Julius Nyerere. In this issue we continue the tributes that continue to come in. Tanzania's first President Mwalimu Julius Nyerere died on 14 October 1999 in a London hospital after suffering from the blood cancer disease leukaemia. In this special report NEWSLINK AFRICAs Managing Editor Shamlal Puri a Tanzanian, and special correspondent Michael Mundia pay tribute to the leader described as the Mahatama Gandhi of Africa. Journal: Pages: 512-516 Issue: 82 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704419 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704419 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:82:p:512-516 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hashim Ismail Author-X-Name-First: Hashim Author-X-Name-Last: Ismail Title: Nyerere: a tribute to a statesman Journal: Pages: 516-518 Issue: 82 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704420 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704420 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:82:p:516-518 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: He ‘carried the torch that liberated Africa’ Abstract: Julius Nyerere was the patron of SARDC. The following appeared on 14 October in both their newsletter and on their website. Thanks to SARDC for permission to reprint. Journal: Pages: 518-519 Issue: 82 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704421 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704421 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:82:p:518-519 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mwalimu Julius Nyerere Author-X-Name-First: Mwalimu Julius Author-X-Name-Last: Nyerere Title: Address to members of parliament Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 519-524 Issue: 82 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704422 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704422 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:82:p:519-524 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Giles Mohan Author-X-Name-First: Giles Author-X-Name-Last: Mohan Title: Born again: the African renaissance in London Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 524-526 Issue: 82 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704423 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704423 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:82:p:524-526 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Université du littoral côte d'opale colloque international sur “citoyenneté, coopération décentralisée et développement des territoires” Journal: Pages: 527-528 Issue: 82 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704424 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704424 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:82:p:527-528 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Moore Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Moore Author-Name: Sarah Hughes Author-X-Name-First: Sarah Author-X-Name-Last: Hughes Author-Name: David Seddon Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Seddon Title: Book reviews Abstract: Review Of African Christianity — Its Public Role(1998) by Paul Gifford, Hurst and Co. Review of Global Restructuring and Peripheral States: the Carrot and the Stick in Mauritania(1996) by Mohameden Ould‐Mey. Littlefield Adams Books, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Lanham, Maryland, pb. ISBN 0–8226–3051. pp. xvii, 316. Journal: Pages: 529-537 Issue: 82 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704425 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704425 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:82:p:529-537 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roy Love Author-X-Name-First: Roy Author-X-Name-Last: Love Author-Name: Ray Bush Author-X-Name-First: Ray Author-X-Name-Last: Bush Author-Name: Morris Szeftel Author-X-Name-First: Morris Author-X-Name-Last: Szeftel Title: Book notes Abstract: Comprehending and Mastering African Conflicts: the Search for Sustainable Peace and Good Governance(1999), edited by Adebayo Adedeji, Zed Books in Association with the Africa Centre for Development and Strategic Studies. Marxist Modern: An Ethnographic History of the Ethiopian Revolution (1999), by Donald L Donham, University of California Press, James Currey. Transnational Social Policies: the New Development Challenges of Globalisation (1999), edited by Daniel Morales-Gomez, Earthscan, London. Regionalisation in Africa: Integration and Disintegration (1999), edited by Daniel C Bach, James Currey, Indiana University Press. Journal: Pages: 537-539 Issue: 82 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704426 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704426 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:82:p:537-539 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Books received Journal: Pages: 539-540 Issue: 82 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704427 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704427 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:82:p:539-540 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elisa Greco Author-X-Name-First: Elisa Author-X-Name-Last: Greco Author-Name: Jörg Wiegratz Author-X-Name-First: Jörg Author-X-Name-Last: Wiegratz Author-Name: Leo Zeilig Author-X-Name-First: Leo Author-X-Name-Last: Zeilig Title: Not quite post-political Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 171-181 Issue: 160 Volume: 46 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2019.1649355 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2019.1649355 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:46:y:2019:i:160:p:171-181 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Clare Smedley Author-X-Name-First: Clare Author-X-Name-Last: Smedley Title: Ruth First Prize Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 182-183 Issue: 160 Volume: 46 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2019.1660107 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2019.1660107 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:46:y:2019:i:160:p:182-183 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pascal Bianchini Author-X-Name-First: Pascal Author-X-Name-Last: Bianchini Title: The 1968 years: revolutionary politics in Senegal Abstract: In tune with the atmosphere of the ‘global 60s’, Senegal experienced a major political crisis in May 1968 that began with a student strike, followed by the workers in a general strike. May ‘68 in Senegal was both global and local, and these aspects are not in opposition as has sometimes been the case in political and academic debates. The article goes beyond the events themselves and attempts to shed light on a period of ‘revolutionary politics’ that was triggered by the revolt of 1968. This has scarcely been documented, but has had a real influence on contemporary Senegalese politics. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 184-203 Issue: 160 Volume: 46 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2019.1631150 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2019.1631150 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:46:y:2019:i:160:p:184-203 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sebastian Elischer Author-X-Name-First: Sebastian Author-X-Name-Last: Elischer Title: Trade union mobilisation and democratic institutionalisation in the Republic of Niger Abstract: The article examines the effect of union mobilisation on democratisation in the Republic of Niger between 1990 and 2010. It focuses on the Union des syndicats des travailleurs du Niger (USTN), a legacy umbrella union for public sector workers. The effect of union mobilisation on democratisation is not clear-cut. In both 1990 and 1999 union mobilisation was a necessary condition for democratisation. However, union mobilisation inadvertently contributed to the delegitimisation of democratically elected leaders. Between 2000 and 2010 the USTN lost its former strength and the Nigerien government was in a better position to accommodate union demands. As a result, the trade union movement lost its ability to shape the political arena. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 204-222 Issue: 160 Volume: 46 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2019.1605588 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2019.1605588 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:46:y:2019:i:160:p:204-222 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andrew Bowman Author-X-Name-First: Andrew Author-X-Name-Last: Bowman Title: Black economic empowerment policy and state–business relations in South Africa: the case of mining Abstract: The article analyses contestation of black economic empowerment ownership transfer policies in South Africa’s mining industry. Using case study material from platinum, the article examines the transition between the first Mining Charter of 2004 and the third Mining Charter of 2018. It argues that the inherent fragilities of this financialised redistribution mechanism have generated poor redistributive outcomes and achieved limited progress in the formation of a black capitalist class aligning political and economic power. This has contributed to increased factional and ideological contestation over the pace and method of economic transformation, and a deterioration in relations between the state and big business in mining. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 223-245 Issue: 160 Volume: 46 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2019.1605587 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2019.1605587 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:46:y:2019:i:160:p:223-245 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paddington Mutekwe Author-X-Name-First: Paddington Author-X-Name-Last: Mutekwe Title: Resistance and repression in Zimbabwe: a case study of Zimplats mine workers Abstract: This article contends that contemporary resistance in the mining sector in Zimbabwe is grounded in everyday acts of resistance and is directed towards power relationships exercised at work. Overt forms of resistance have been waning in Zimbabwe because of various pieces of draconian legislation, and subterranean forms of resistance have been gaining traction and deserve to be studied. Drawing on in-depth interviews and participant observations at Zimplats, the article employs Scott’s concept of the ‘weapons of the weak’, which posits that covert forms of resistance are favourable when open and collective resistance seems dangerous, as a means to understand some of the current dynamics of worker struggles in Zimbabwe. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 246-260 Issue: 160 Volume: 46 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2018.1557041 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2018.1557041 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:46:y:2019:i:160:p:246-260 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tefera Negash Gebregziabher Author-X-Name-First: Tefera Negash Author-X-Name-Last: Gebregziabher Title: Soldiers in business: the pitfalls of METEC’s projects in the context of Ethiopia’s civil–military relations Abstract: This article critically chronicles the ascendancy and apparent decline of a business conglomerate, Metals and Engineering Corporation (METEC), in post-1991 Ethiopia. Informed by ‘developmental state’ ideology, the political elites managed to create METEC, entrusting it to the military for their use in leading the industrialisation of the country. With a sober analysis of the conglomerate’s engagement in mega-projects in the context of civil–military relations, this article shows that the ‘developmental role’ of METEC has been characterised by extreme delays in projects, with symptoms of financial embezzlement which have led the party-state to reconsider the military’s role in the economy. The article relies primarily on documents, informal discussions and media content analysis. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 261-278 Issue: 160 Volume: 46 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2019.1613222 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2019.1613222 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:46:y:2019:i:160:p:261-278 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tanja R. Müller Author-X-Name-First: Tanja R. Author-X-Name-Last: Müller Title: Borders and boundaries in the state-making of Eritrea: revisiting the importance of territorial integrity in the rapprochement between Eritrea and Ethiopia Abstract: In this article, the author analyses Eritrean state-making and its foreign policy as driven by the quest for territorial integrity. The article first demonstrates the importance of creating a territorial nation-state for Eritrean nationalism. It subsequently provides an interpretation of Eritrean foreign policy through the lens of the importance of territorial integrity. The article then reflects on how this has underpinned the recent rapprochement between Eritrea and Ethiopia. It ends with some thoughts on what these developments might mean for the future of Eritrea and the wider geopolitical environment of the Horn. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 279-293 Issue: 160 Volume: 46 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2019.1605590 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2019.1605590 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:46:y:2019:i:160:p:279-293 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nick Bernards Author-X-Name-First: Nick Author-X-Name-Last: Bernards Title: Placing African labour in global capitalism: the politics of irregular work Abstract: This contribution to ROAPE’s ongoing debate on ‘Capitalism in Africa’ highlights the politically contested relationships between irregular forms of work predominant in sub-Saharan Africa and global capitalism. Previous contributions to this debate have rightly pointed out that abstracted understandings of ‘capitalism’ assuming the ever-wider spread of proletarian labour are problematic in African contexts dominated by irregular forms of work. This piece argues, however, that this should be a prompt for us to consider how African labour relations require us to alter our understandings of ‘capitalism’, rather than debating whether or not African political economies are capitalist. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 294-303 Issue: 160 Volume: 46 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2019.1639496 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2019.1639496 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:46:y:2019:i:160:p:294-303 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Moses Khisa Author-X-Name-First: Moses Author-X-Name-Last: Khisa Title: Whose Africa is rising? Abstract: This briefing revisits the ‘Africa rising’ narrative. It makes two arguments. First, the ‘Africa rising’ narrative at best sits on a shaky foundation. African economies may have registered modest growth in recent years but the growth is either superficial or not happening in the sectors that matter the most. Second, the rather rosy picture of a rising Africa masks the continent’s continued marginal position in the global capitalist structures of power, domination and exploitation. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 304-316 Issue: 160 Volume: 46 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2019.1605589 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2019.1605589 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:46:y:2019:i:160:p:304-316 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tamás Gerőcs Author-X-Name-First: Tamás Author-X-Name-Last: Gerőcs Title: The transformation of African–Russian economic relations in the multipolar world-system Abstract: Despite the historical legacy of the Soviet Union, the Russian Federation’s economic presence in Africa today is minuscule in comparison to that of the West or China. The aim of this Briefing is to provide a framework for the trajectory of African–Russian economic ties in the changing international environment. Although the economic, trade and investment affairs could develop more complementarity, it is still an open question whether African countries benefit from the deepening economic ties or whether these inhibit local socio-economic development. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 317-335 Issue: 160 Volume: 46 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2019.1635442 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2019.1635442 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:46:y:2019:i:160:p:317-335 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Raymond Adibe Author-X-Name-First: Raymond Author-X-Name-Last: Adibe Author-Name: Chikodiri Nwangwu Author-X-Name-First: Chikodiri Author-X-Name-Last: Nwangwu Author-Name: Gerald E. Ezirim Author-X-Name-First: Gerald E. Author-X-Name-Last: Ezirim Author-Name: Nnamdi Egonu Author-X-Name-First: Nnamdi Author-X-Name-Last: Egonu Title: Energy hegemony and maritime security in the Gulf of Guinea: rethinking the regional trans-border cooperation approach Abstract: This Briefing argues that Nigeria’s hegemony over energy trade in the Gulf of Guinea maritime domain makes other states’ political commitment to regional trans-border frameworks difficult. It finds that the contradictions of rentier oil governance in Nigeria have implications for the rise in maritime insecurity in the Gulf of Guinea. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 336-346 Issue: 160 Volume: 46 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2018.1484350 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2018.1484350 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:46:y:2019:i:160:p:336-346 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carin Runciman Author-X-Name-First: Carin Author-X-Name-Last: Runciman Title: Rolling back the right to strike: amendments to South Africa’s Labour Relations Act and their implications for working-class struggle Abstract: The South African National Assembly recently passed amendments to the Labour Relations Act which will roll back the right to strike. This briefing will analyse the amendments, their implications and what they tell us about the state of the labour movement, the possibilities for trade union revival and the state working-class struggle in South Africa today. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 347-356 Issue: 160 Volume: 46 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2019.1641478 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2019.1641478 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:46:y:2019:i:160:p:347-356 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pnina Werbner Author-X-Name-First: Pnina Author-X-Name-Last: Werbner Title: Rethinking class and culture in Africa: between E. P. Thompson and Pierre Bourdieu Abstract: The article considers the historiography of labour and class studies in sub-Saharan Africa in relation to the contemporary ‘cultural turn’ in sociological studies of class. It identifies three phases: from the 1960s, a highly empiricist Marxist approach which drew on Fanon’s notion of an aristocracy of labour; from the 1980s, a shift to a stress on culture, agency and identity, following E. P. Thompson; the final move has focused on the African middle classes, drawing on Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of consumption. Research on a public sector manual workers’ union in Botswana exemplifies, the author argues, the Thompsonian approach. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 7-24 Issue: 155 Volume: 45 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1367655 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1367655 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:45:y:2018:i:155:p:7-24 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Horman Chitonge Author-X-Name-First: Horman Author-X-Name-Last: Chitonge Title: Capitalism in Africa: mutating capitalist relations and social formations Abstract: This debate examines the question of whether African societies are capitalist or not. The debate is currently taking place on the ROAPE website (www.roape.net), addressing the question of whether African societies have persistently managed to elude the irresistible forces of capitalism. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 158-167 Issue: 155 Volume: 45 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1372280 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1372280 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:45:y:2018:i:155:p:158-167 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Isaac Abotebuno Akolgo Author-X-Name-First: Isaac Abotebuno Author-X-Name-Last: Akolgo Title: Afro-euphoria: is Ghana’s economy an exception to the growth paradox? Abstract: The result of Ghana's 2016 presidential election was evidence of previously perceived governance failure and ‘suffering’ among the populace. This Briefing assesses the extent to which that contradicts the euphoria surrounding growing African economies. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 146-157 Issue: 155 Volume: 45 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1389716 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1389716 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:45:y:2018:i:155:p:146-157 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cemal Burak Tansel Author-X-Name-First: Cemal Burak Author-X-Name-Last: Tansel Author-Name: Brecht De Smet Author-X-Name-First: Brecht Author-X-Name-Last: De Smet Title: Introduction: revolution and counter-revolution in Egypt Abstract: This introduction to the ROAPE debate reasserts the centrality of revolutionary theory to understand the dynamics of social and political struggles in contemporary Middle East and North Africa. Framed around the conceptual and political interventions brought about by Brecht De Smet’s Gramsci on Tahrir (2016), we discuss the utility of Gramscian concepts in explaining the trajectories of social mobilisations in the peripheries of global capitalism. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 85-90 Issue: 155 Volume: 45 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1391764 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1391764 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:45:y:2018:i:155:p:85-90 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anne Alexander Author-X-Name-First: Anne Author-X-Name-Last: Alexander Author-Name: Sameh Naguib Author-X-Name-First: Sameh Author-X-Name-Last: Naguib Title: Behind every Caesar a new one? Reflections on revolution and counter-revolution in Egypt in response to Gramsci on Tahrir Abstract: Focusing on the political ramifications of the concepts and historical analysis deployed in Gramsci on Tahrir (De Smet 2016), Anne Alexander and Sameh Naguib challenge Brecht De Smet’s reading of the development of capitalism and the 2011 revolution in Egypt through the lens of Caesarism, offering an alternative perspective on how the theory of permanent revolution can be applied in the Egyptian case as a tool for understanding why a revolution erupted in 2011 and why it took the course it did. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 91-103 Issue: 155 Volume: 45 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1391765 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1391765 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:45:y:2018:i:155:p:91-103 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roberto Roccu Author-X-Name-First: Roberto Author-X-Name-Last: Roccu Title: Again on the revolutionary subject: problematising class and subalternity in Gramsci on Tahrir Abstract: Roberto Roccu’s intervention provides a detailed reading of the concepts of subalternity, common sense and passive revolution as employed in Gramsci on Tahrir. Roccu calls for a more sustained and careful reading of how ‘subaltern agency’ is invoked and performed in revolutionary upheavals. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 104-114 Issue: 155 Volume: 45 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1391766 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1391766 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:45:y:2018:i:155:p:104-114 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cemal Burak Tansel Author-X-Name-First: Cemal Burak Author-X-Name-Last: Tansel Title: Passive revolutions and the dynamics of social change in the peripheries Abstract: Tansel’s contribution to the debate dissects the concept of passive revolution and highlights the significance of understanding passive revolutions as concrete historical episodes of mobilisation and state formation. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 115-124 Issue: 155 Volume: 45 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1391767 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1391767 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:45:y:2018:i:155:p:115-124 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sara Salem Author-X-Name-First: Sara Author-X-Name-Last: Salem Title: Critical interventions in debates on the Arab revolutions: centring class Abstract: Salem contrasts De Smet’s contribution to the debates on revolution and counter-revolution in Egypt with other important materialist readings of the uprisings. Echoing the centrality of class analysis employed in Gramsci on Tahrir, Salem challenges De Smet’s reading of the Nasserist period and situates Nasserism within a broader pattern of coeval political struggles in Africa. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 125-134 Issue: 155 Volume: 45 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1391768 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1391768 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:45:y:2018:i:155:p:125-134 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brecht De Smet Author-X-Name-First: Brecht Author-X-Name-Last: De Smet Title: Rejoinder: reading Tahrir in Gramsci Abstract: De Smet’s rejoinder to the ROAPE debate addresses the conceptual, analytical and historical questions posed by the contributors. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 135-145 Issue: 155 Volume: 45 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1391769 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1391769 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:45:y:2018:i:155:p:135-145 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Loes Debuysere Author-X-Name-First: Loes Author-X-Name-Last: Debuysere Title: Between feminism and unionism: the struggle for socio-economic dignity of working-class women in pre- and post-uprising Tunisia Abstract: Generally seen as a pawn in the identity struggle between so-called secular and Islamist political actors, the women's question in Tunisia has received little attention from a class perspective since the 2010–11 uprising. Yet, over recent years, working-class women have been highly visible during protests, strikes and sit-ins of a socio-economic nature, implicitly illustrating how class and gender grievances intersect. Against the background of the global feminisation of poverty and a changing political economy of the North African region over recent decades, this article builds on Nancy Fraser's theory of (gender) justice to understand if and how women's informal and revolutionary demands have been included in more formal politics and civil society activism in Tunisia. The article finds that disassociated struggles against patriarchy (feminism) and neoliberal capitalism (unionism) fail to efficiently represent women workers’ own aspirations in Tunisia's nascent democracy. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 25-43 Issue: 155 Volume: 45 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1391770 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1391770 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:45:y:2018:i:155:p:25-43 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bill Freund Author-X-Name-First: Bill Author-X-Name-Last: Freund Title: Taken for a ride: grounding neoliberalism, precarious labour and public transport in an African metropolis Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 176-179 Issue: 155 Volume: 45 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1412176 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1412176 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:45:y:2018:i:155:p:176-179 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lorenzo Feltrin Author-X-Name-First: Lorenzo Author-X-Name-Last: Feltrin Title: The struggles of precarious youth in Tunisia: the case of the Kerkennah movement Abstract: This article analyses the origins and the dynamics of the social movement against the energy corporation Petrofac that took place in the Tunisian archipelago of Kerkennah between 2011 and 2016. The Kerkennah movement is seen as part of a broader cycle of mobilisations for social justice that started in 2008 and continues to the present day. The main subjects of these mobilisations are young people lacking sources of regular income and their core demands are secure employment and local development. It is argued that communal solidarities were key in compensating for the lack of occupational cohesion among the protesters. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 44-63 Issue: 155 Volume: 45 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1416460 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1416460 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:45:y:2018:i:155:p:44-63 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Arndt Hopfmann Author-X-Name-First: Arndt Author-X-Name-Last: Hopfmann Title: The Russian Revolution and the development challenge – Part II: the Russian Revolution and the mantra of developmentalism Abstract: 100 years after the Great Russian Revolution it is time to evaluate the impact of this epoch-making event on the politics and development of the Global South. Part I, published in the December 2017 issue of ROAPE, provided deliberations on historical and geo-political aspects of the Revolution. Part II deals with some of its influences on development theory. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 168-175 Issue: 155 Volume: 45 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2018.1440841 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2018.1440841 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:45:y:2018:i:155:p:168-175 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Max Ajl Author-X-Name-First: Max Author-X-Name-Last: Ajl Title: Delinking, food sovereignty, and populist agronomy: notes on an intellectual history of the peasant path in the global South Abstract: The article examines the weakness of discourses around food sovereignty in Southwest Asia and North Africa, and examines some older currents resembling the food sovereignty discourse. The author first historically situates the emergence of food sovereignty. He discusses agro-ecology – the ‘technics’ (or social embeddedness of technology) of food sovereignty – and its national-popular content, before then developing elements of the delinking paradigm. He goes on to discuss Tunisian national-popular and Third Worldist agronomists’ and economists’ efforts to develop technics and frameworks for food sovereignty in the 1970s and 1980s. The article compares the food sovereignty paradigm with auto-centred, self-reliant development proposals, and the proposals of the Tunisian economists and agronomists. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 64-84 Issue: 155 Volume: 45 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2018.1443437 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2018.1443437 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:45:y:2018:i:155:p:64-84 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reginald Cline-Cole Author-X-Name-First: Reginald Author-X-Name-Last: Cline-Cole Author-Name: Leo Zeilig Author-X-Name-First: Leo Author-X-Name-Last: Zeilig Title: On filling voids Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 1-6 Issue: 155 Volume: 45 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2018.1467429 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2018.1467429 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:45:y:2018:i:155:p:1-6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Editorial working group Journal: Pages: ebi-ebi Issue: 78 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704341 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704341 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:78:p:ebi-ebi Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anita Franklin Author-X-Name-First: Anita Author-X-Name-Last: Franklin Author-Name: Roy Love Author-X-Name-First: Roy Author-X-Name-Last: Love Title: Whose news? Control of the media in Africa Journal: Pages: 545-550 Issue: 78 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704342 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704342 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:78:p:545-550 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Clive Barnett Author-X-Name-First: Clive Author-X-Name-Last: Barnett Title: The contradictions of broadcasting reform in post‐apartheid South Africa Abstract: This article examines the process of mass media reform in South Africa during the 1990s, with particular reference to broadcasting. It identifies tensions between the attempt to restructure broadcasting as a public sphere capable of supporting national unification and democratisation, the existence of socioeconomic differentiation and cultural diversity at sub‐national scales and the pressures which impinge upon the broadcasting sector as a result of policies aimed at internationalising the South African economy. The formulation of broadcasting policy between 1990 and 1995 is reviewed, and the changes that have taken place during the implementation of restructuring and re‐regulation from 1996 to 1998 are critically assessed. The article concludes that the intensified commercialisation of broadcasting is at odds with political objectives of transforming the mass media into a public sphere supportive of a diverse and independent civil society. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 551-570 Issue: 78 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704343 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704343 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:78:p:551-570 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chris Paterson Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Paterson Title: Reform or re‐colonisation? the overhaul of African television Abstract: The African television broadcasting sector is undergoing a rapid and long awaited process of liberalisation. This article examines key aspects of that process with geographic focus on sub‐Saharan Africa. Specifically addressed are what has recently changed, and more crucially, not changed, in the politically charged arena of television newscasting. Throughout the continent broadcasters, whether privately or publicly financed, are finding a wide variety of creative solutions to technological and economic challenges as they rush to cultivate an audience among the urban middle class. But the rapid shift from public to frequently foreign private ownership of television may be symptomatic of a broader re‐colonisation of Africa by US and European multinationals that has been euphemistically heralded as Africa's Renaissance. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 571-583 Issue: 78 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704344 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704344 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:78:p:571-583 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amadu Khan Author-X-Name-First: Amadu Author-X-Name-Last: Khan Title: Journalism & armed conflict in Africa: the civil war in Sierra Leone Abstract: Unusually for discussions of the press in West Africa, this article is written by a journalist‐academic, who for a large part of 1990s worked for the Sierra Leonenan human rights newspaper For Di People,reporting on and analysing the civil war in Sierra Leone. Drawing on his experience, he sets out in detail the nature of accusations of bias against the local and foreign media in Sierra Leone, accusations made not only by interested parties, but also by a wide range of readers or listeners, and which have been seen as materially affecting the course of the war and attempts at mediation and peace‐making. A variety of reasons for vulnerability to such accusations are then examined, including the exigencies of war reporting, journalistic practice in Sierra Leone, the political economy of the press, and the problems created both by harsh government restrictions on press freedom and the media's response to them. The article argues that while there are instances of overt and calculated bias in reporting of the civil war, it is very difficult to draw a clear distinction between ‘intended’ and ‘unintended’ bias. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 585-597 Issue: 78 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704345 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704345 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:78:p:585-597 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guy Berger Author-X-Name-First: Guy Author-X-Name-Last: Berger Title: Media & democracy in Southern Africa Abstract: A Southern view of media and democracy can benefit from the insights produced by theories of media and development. These highlight critical political questions on the reach of media, its content, state control, alternative media, journalists and public participation, and ultimately the impact of the media. The same theories can also give insight into the understanding of the media and the ‘public sphere’ in the South, and their place in southern democracy. In the end, the question of democracy and media in the South also needs to be understood in relation to democracy and media in global terms. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 599-610 Issue: 78 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704346 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704346 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:78:p:599-610 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Niranjan Karnik Author-X-Name-First: Niranjan Author-X-Name-Last: Karnik Title: Rwanda & the media: imagery, war & refuge Abstract: This article critically examines The New York Timesphotojournalistic coverage of Rwanda from 1989 through the events of 1994. It shows which stories were left out (French/South African arms sales, Belgian colonial heritage, and World Bank/IMF interventions) and which errors were retained (tribalism as causation, dark continent/exoticisation theories). The images that the media projected to the United States public show the multiple ways in which agency remains unproblematised especially with regard to gender and stigmatisation. Through these images, the rhetorics of journalism frame much of our understanding of global events and consequently our responses to them. Finally, this article ends by making an argument for using critical social theories to engage the media and politicians for change. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 611-623 Issue: 78 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704347 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704347 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:78:p:611-623 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ernest Harsch Author-X-Name-First: Ernest Author-X-Name-Last: Harsch Title: Burkina Faso in the winds of liberalisation Abstract: A decade after the end of Burkina Faso's ‘democratic and popular revolution’, the Sahelian country has graduated to the top ranks of the World Bank's select class of model reformers. The regime of President Blaise Compaoré is frequently praised not only for its pursuit of economic liberalisation, but also its seeming commitment to the donor institutions’ current assortment of favoured notions: multiparty democracy, good governance and human development. But beyond such facile external perceptions, the daily reality in one of the continent's most underdeveloped countries is far more complex, with an impoverished populace ill‐disposed to the traumatic imposition of market dominance and a political elite unsure of how far it can open up without weakening effective control. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 625-641 Issue: 78 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704348 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704348 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:78:p:625-641 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Giles Mohan Author-X-Name-First: Giles Author-X-Name-Last: Mohan Author-Name: Bonnie Campbell Author-X-Name-First: Bonnie Author-X-Name-Last: Campbell Title: Radicalism, relevance & the future of Journal: Pages: 643-648 Issue: 78 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704349 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704349 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:78:p:643-648 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Mendy Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Mendy Title: The national institute of studies & research of Guinea‐Bissau endangered by war/O Institituto nacional de estudos e pesquisa da guine‐bissau posto em perigo pela guerra Journal: Pages: 649-651 Issue: 78 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704350 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704350 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:78:p:649-651 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Greed or need? Genetically modified crops Journal: Pages: 651-653 Issue: 78 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704351 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704351 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:78:p:651-653 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Patricia McFadden Author-X-Name-First: Patricia Author-X-Name-Last: McFadden Title: Examining myths of a democratic media Abstract: The following is taken from a presentation by Patricia McFadden, a feminist activist who is working in Harare, Zimbabwe. She presented it during a seminar on ‘Women and the Media in Africa’, hosted by Nisaa and Lola‐Press in November 1997 in Johannesburg, South Africa. McFadden was born in Swaziland 46 years ago and works mainly in the Southern African region, teaching, training and doing feminist advocacy. The presentation has been shortened and edited for publication (reprinted courtesy of SAPEM, Harare). Journal: Pages: 653-657 Issue: 78 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704352 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704352 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:78:p:653-657 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anthony Acheampong Author-X-Name-First: Anthony Author-X-Name-Last: Acheampong Title: The Africa centre in London Abstract: In the thirty years or so since independence, says Dr. Adotey Bing, Africa has chalked up some impressive advances in literacy, education, the output of raw materials, science and technology, and enlightened social policy. And it has had some notable achievements in the artistic, intellectual and sporting fields. Despite this, he bemoans the fact that the rest of the world tends to ignore the continent or to focus almost exclusively on the negative aspects. Africa persistently suffers from an unfavourable media profile, he acknowledges, portrayed as a place wracked by political crisis, endemic corruption, social disintegration and self‐induced penury. Journal: Pages: 657-659 Issue: 78 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704353 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704353 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:78:p:657-659 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martin Plaut Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Plaut Title: Yemen & Eritrea: friends once more? Journal: Pages: 659-661 Issue: 78 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704354 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704354 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:78:p:659-661 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Books received Journal: Pages: 662-664 Issue: 78 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704355 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704355 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:78:p:662-664 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Editorial working group Journal: Pages: ebi-ebi Issue: 81 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704393 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704393 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:81:p:ebi-ebi Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Julius Kambarage Nyerere Journal: Pages: 315-316 Issue: 81 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704394 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704394 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:81:p:315-316 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chris Allen Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Allen Title: Editorial: ending endemic violence: limits to conflict resolution in Africa Journal: Pages: 317-322 Issue: 81 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704395 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704395 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:81:p:317-322 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Graham Harrison Author-X-Name-First: Graham Author-X-Name-Last: Harrison Title: Clean‐ups, conditionality & adjustment: why institutions matter in Mozambique Abstract: This article critically evaluates the nature of administrative reform in the context of conditionality and structural adjustment. Structural adjustment programmes constitute the broader environment and prioritisations within which donors and creditors support institutional reform. This raises the questions concerning the ownership and purpose of reform, especially if one bears in mind the substantial inequality of power between individual severely‐indebted states and multilateral creditors which enjoy the alignment of many bilateral donors behind their prognoses. One can identify some of the contradictions that this relationship produces through an examination of Mozambique's experience with donors in respect to corruption and anti‐corruption strategies. Here, corruption constitutes part of the politics of adjustment, and the reforms which are to tackle it have to work on an institutional terrain which has already been subjected to the disintegrative effects of a decade of adjustment and minimally‐controlled donor influence. All of this renders the idea — often at the base of much donor thinking concerning reform — of a stable and enlightened leadership motivated to implement rational/technical reform throughout government at best a simplification and at worst a misrepresentation. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 323-333 Issue: 81 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704396 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704396 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:81:p:323-333 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Emmanuel Aning Author-X-Name-First: Emmanuel Author-X-Name-Last: Aning Title: Eliciting compliance from Warlords: the ECOWAS experience in Liberia, 1990–1997 Abstract: This article examines the strategies initiated by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) to elicit compliance with its disarmament policies from belligerents in Liberia's 1989–96 civil conflict. I propose to tackle the task within a linked and holistic four‐fold approach. First, I situate ECOWAS's intervention in Liberia from 1990 to 1997 within the changing context of international perceptions of multilateral organisation involvement in civil wars. ECOWAS's intervention had different diplomatic phases. The first phase under the Standing Mediation Committee lasted from May 1990‐June 1991, The Committee of Five Process from June 1991‐August 1992, and the Committee of Nine Process from September 1993‐July 1997. Second, I analyse the background for the collapse and the dynamics which fuelled the war in Liberia. Third, I make an empirical analysis of ECOWAS's strategies to elicit compliance from faction groups. I conclude by discussing the impact and lessons of ECOWAS's strategies in Liberia. My argument is that ECOWAS's capability to elicit compliance from faction groups as opposed to state actors was limited partly because ECOWAS was not geared towards dealing with these new kinds of actors, that the nature of international relations does not have ‘room’ to consider the interests and demands presented by such actors, and that the normal forms of sanctions and ‘corrective’ measures applied against states in interstate relations are not always effective when applied to faction groups. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 335-348 Issue: 81 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704397 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704397 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:81:p:335-348 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jimmy Kandeh Author-X-Name-First: Jimmy Author-X-Name-Last: Kandeh Title: Ransoming the state: elite origins of Subaltern terror in Sierra Leone Abstract: Elite practices that valorised pillage, massified society, banalised violence and ‘sobelised’ the army are central to understanding the tragedy of subaltern terror in Sierra Leone. The appropriation of lumpen violence and thuggery by the political class undermined security and paved the way for the political ascendancy of armed marginals. By heavily recruiting thugs, criminals and rural drifters into national security apparatuses, incumbent political elites sowed the seeds of their own political demise as well as that of the state. Socially uprooted and politically alienated, lumpenised youth are inherently prone to criminal adventurism and when enlisted in the army are more likely to become ‘sobels’ or renegade soldiers. This article situates the transformation of praetorian violence from a tool of political domination to a means of criminal expropriation in the engendering context of elite parasitism and repression. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 349-366 Issue: 81 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704398 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704398 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:81:p:349-366 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chris Allen Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Allen Title: Warfare, endemic violence & state collapse in Africa Abstract: African politics in the nineties have been marked by a series of violent breakdowns of order, and in some cases the disappearance of the central state, in a large number of states. Attempts at the analysis of this phenomenon have involved several different but complementary approaches, notably those invoking globalisation, the economics of ‘new’ war, the crisis of the neopatrimonial state, or social and cultural factors as keys to explanation. These either confine themselves to case studies, or treat all instances of endemic violence as open to the same analysis, in part because they treat violence or warfare as themselves the central objects of analysis. An alternative approach does not see ‘war’ as the problem, but is instead concerned with the historical circumstances within which endemic violence occurs and which can be seen as possible causes of that violence. This approach allows for the simultaneous existence of several different historical sequences involving war and violence, and identifies one key category of cases of endemic violence which covers the great majority of those cases in the nineties: violence associated with the process of state collapse in Africa. It attributes the origins of violence in these cases to the degeneration of their ‘spoils politics’ systems under the impact of their internal dynamics, accelerated by economic decline since 1980 and the end of the Cold War. As spoils systems develop into ‘terminal spoils’, so violence intensifies and takes on new but necessary forms, and a process of state collapse begins, interacting with the growth of violence in ways that accelerate both. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 367-384 Issue: 81 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704399 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704399 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:81:p:367-384 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tom Herdt Author-X-Name-First: Tom Author-X-Name-Last: Herdt Author-Name: Stefaan Marysse Author-X-Name-First: Stefaan Author-X-Name-Last: Marysse Title: The reinvention of the market from below: the end of the women's money changing monopoly in Kinshasa Journal: Pages: 385-386 Issue: 81 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704400 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704400 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:81:p:385-386 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carolyn Baylies Author-X-Name-First: Carolyn Author-X-Name-Last: Baylies Title: International partnership in the fight against aids: addressing need and redressing injustice? Journal: Pages: 387-414 Issue: 81 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704401 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704401 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:81:p:387-414 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ernest Harsch Author-X-Name-First: Ernest Author-X-Name-Last: Harsch Title: Trop, ćest trop! Civil insurgence in Burkina Faso, 1998–99 Journal: Pages: 395-406 Issue: 81 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704402 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704402 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:81:p:395-406 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Graham Harrison Author-X-Name-First: Graham Author-X-Name-Last: Harrison Title: Conflict resolution in a ‘non-conflict situation’: tension & reconciliation in Mecúfi, Northern Mozambique Journal: Pages: 407-414 Issue: 81 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704403 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704403 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:81:p:407-414 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: The prevention and eradication of violence against women and children Journal: Pages: 415-417 Issue: 81 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704404 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704404 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:81:p:415-417 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Implementing the HIPC initiative: sharing experiences Marlborough House, London 2–3 August 1999 Abstract: The Commonwealth Secretariat convened a high-level meeting on 2–3 August 1999, to exchange ideas and experiences on the issues central to reform of the HIPC Initiative, launched in September 1996. The meeting also reviewed the proposals of the Cologne Debt Initiative, launched in June 1999 by the G8 industrialised countries, which in turn aims to secure deeper, broader and faster debt relief with major changes to the HIPC Initiative. The meeting was attended by High Commissioners and senior government officials from Commonwealth HIPC countries, and representatives of civil society, the academic community, religious groups, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and the press. Journal: Pages: 417-419 Issue: 81 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704405 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704405 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:81:p:417-419 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carole Collins Author-X-Name-First: Carole Author-X-Name-Last: Collins Title: ‘Break the chains of debt!’ international jubilee 2000 campaign demands deeper debt relief Journal: Pages: 419-422 Issue: 81 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704406 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704406 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:81:p:419-422 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Elections diary Journal: Pages: 423-424 Issue: 81 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704407 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704407 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:81:p:423-424 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Books received Journal: Pages: 425-425 Issue: 81 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704408 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704408 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:81:p:425-425 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ilias Alami Author-X-Name-First: Ilias Author-X-Name-Last: Alami Title: Capital accumulation and capital controls in South Africa: a class perspective Abstract: The article analyses capital controls (CC) in South Africa in light of the historically and geographically specific social relations of production. It highlights the role that CC have historically played in reproducing particular forms of capital accumulation, and sheds light on the CC currently implemented by the state. The analysis draws upon quantitative data from the national accounts, descriptive data on CC from policy documents, and interviews conducted during a period of extensive fieldwork. The article makes three main arguments. First, CC have played a key role in facilitating the reproduction of essential capitalist social forms, namely the state and money, and have been instrumental in the management of class relations. Second, the concrete forms that CC have taken are inseparable from the historical-geographical specificity of accumulation and the uneven unfolding of crises and social class struggles. Third, working classes have had an active (though indirect) role in shaping CC policies. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 223-249 Issue: 156 Volume: 45 Year: 2018 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1389715 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1389715 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:45:y:2018:i:156:p:223-249 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Raymond Adibe Author-X-Name-First: Raymond Author-X-Name-Last: Adibe Author-Name: Ejikeme Nwagwu Author-X-Name-First: Ejikeme Author-X-Name-Last: Nwagwu Author-Name: Okorie Albert Author-X-Name-First: Okorie Author-X-Name-Last: Albert Title: Rentierism and security privatisation in the Nigerian petroleum industry: assessment of oil pipeline surveillance and protection contracts Abstract: This briefing examines rentierism and security privatisation in the Nigerian petroleum industry. It demonstrates how the awarding of oil pipeline surveillance and protection contracts, with little attention to organisational capacity of applicant companies, resulted in widespread discontent among militias and groups not recognised or rewarded by a contract. These groups then intensified attacks on oil infrastructures in the post-amnesty era. The authors' findings endorse the government's 2015 decision to terminate the contracts, while they recommend transparent and democratic management of oil wealth as a long-term solution to human insecurity in the Niger Delta. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 345-353 Issue: 156 Volume: 45 Year: 2018 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1391771 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1391771 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:45:y:2018:i:156:p:345-353 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Masondo Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Masondo Title: South African business nanny state: the case of the automotive industrial policy post-apartheid, 1995–2010 Abstract: The automotive industry is used as a case study to examine why the attempts by the post-apartheid state to channel private investment along the lines of developmental states under conditions of globalisation have been not successful. Instead of building a developmental state, the post-apartheid state elite has built a nanny state which simply provides handouts to transnational companies. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 203-222 Issue: 156 Volume: 45 Year: 2018 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1395319 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1395319 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:45:y:2018:i:156:p:203-222 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Julia Smith Author-X-Name-First: Julia Author-X-Name-Last: Smith Author-Name: Kelley Lee Author-X-Name-First: Kelley Author-X-Name-Last: Lee Title: From colonisation to globalisation: a history of state capture by the tobacco industry in Malawi Abstract: Malawi, the world’s most tobacco-dependent country, has long defended the tobacco industry as essential to its economy. The impoverished living conditions of tobacco farmers, however, raise questions about the true benefits accruing to the country. While the government and industry often blame public health advocates for declining leaf prices, and thus lower returns to farmers, this article scrutinises these claims from a historical perspective. It argues that a context of state capture has characterised Malawi’s tobacco industry, originating with colonisation and evolving since to become increasingly entrenched. The analysis is divided into four periods: colonial (1890s–1964); national (1964–1981); liberalisation (1981–2004) and accelerated globalisation (2004 to present). Each period demonstrates how industry interests influenced government institutions and policies in ways that increased dependence on a crop that only benefits a minority of Malawians. Today, a transnational elite prospers at the expense of local growers. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 186-202 Issue: 156 Volume: 45 Year: 2018 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2018.1431213 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2018.1431213 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:45:y:2018:i:156:p:186-202 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maria Eriksson Baaz Author-X-Name-First: Maria Author-X-Name-Last: Eriksson Baaz Author-Name: Ola Olsson Author-X-Name-First: Ola Author-X-Name-Last: Olsson Author-Name: Judith Verweijen Author-X-Name-First: Judith Author-X-Name-Last: Verweijen Title: Navigating ‘taxation’ on the Congo River: the interplay of legitimation and ‘officialisation’ Abstract: Based on comprehensive research among boat operators and navy personnel working on the Congo River (DRC), this article explores how assessments of ‘taxation’ are shaped by the interplay of legitimation and ‘officialisation’. As such, it draws upon and contributes to scholarly debates on taxpayers’ attitudes towards taxation. While boat operators resent having to pay a plethora of authorities, including the navy, along the Congo River, the article demonstrates how they locate these ‘taxes’ on a spectrum from more to less legitimate. These assessments are shaped by various factors: authorities’ legitimacy as ‘measured’ by their official mandate and importance; public and non-official service provision; and the deployment of symbols of ‘stateness’. In interaction, these factors legitimise and ‘officialise’ ‘taxes’ by the navy that are prohibited in legislation. These findings caution against the a priori use of the labels ‘official’ and ‘non-official’, emphasising the need to better grasp these notions’ emic understandings. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 250-266 Issue: 156 Volume: 45 Year: 2018 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2018.1451317 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2018.1451317 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:45:y:2018:i:156:p:250-266 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aleksi Ylönen Author-X-Name-First: Aleksi Author-X-Name-Last: Ylönen Title: Inheriting power: Somaliland’s political institutions and the 2017 presidential election Abstract: This briefing sheds light on Somaliland’s political institutions, election dynamics and candidates who contested the state leadership in the 2017 presidential election. It argues that in spite of recurrent postponing of parliamentary elections, the 2017 presidential election has shown that Somaliland’s democratic process and legitimacy of its political institutions have remained relatively strong in the otherwise politically unstable neighbourhood. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 354-362 Issue: 156 Volume: 45 Year: 2018 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2018.1451319 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2018.1451319 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:45:y:2018:i:156:p:354-362 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bettina Engels Author-X-Name-First: Bettina Author-X-Name-Last: Engels Title: Burkina Faso: a history of power, protest and revolution Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 363-364 Issue: 156 Volume: 45 Year: 2018 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2018.1481677 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2018.1481677 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:45:y:2018:i:156:p:363-364 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Adam Mayer Author-X-Name-First: Adam Author-X-Name-Last: Mayer Title: Ifeoma Okoye: socialist-feminist political horizons in Nigerian literature Abstract: Nigerian author Ifeoma Okoye’s novel The Fourth World, published in 2013, presents us with a truly 21st century African unified socialist-feminist theory, while it places individual growth firmly in the community of an eponymous shanty in Enugu, Igboland. Through this novel, we observe how dictates of survival are transformed into acts of moral choice through the agency of work by a young girl of extraordinary character, helped by the congeniality of the community and by radical organisers. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 335-344 Issue: 156 Volume: 45 Year: 2018 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2018.1482827 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2018.1482827 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:45:y:2018:i:156:p:335-344 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Lawrence Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Lawrence Author-Name: Leo Zeilig Author-X-Name-First: Leo Author-X-Name-Last: Zeilig Title: The state: the executive committee of global capitalism? Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 181-185 Issue: 156 Volume: 45 Year: 2018 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2018.1485973 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2018.1485973 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:45:y:2018:i:156:p:181-185 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ray Bush Author-X-Name-First: Ray Author-X-Name-Last: Bush Author-Name: Yao Graham Author-X-Name-First: Yao Author-X-Name-Last: Graham Author-Name: Leo Zeilig Author-X-Name-First: Leo Author-X-Name-Last: Zeilig Author-Name: Ray Bush Author-X-Name-First: Ray Author-X-Name-Last: Bush Author-Name: Yao Graham Author-X-Name-First: Yao Author-X-Name-Last: Graham Author-Name: Leo Zeilig Author-X-Name-First: Leo Author-X-Name-Last: Zeilig Author-Name: Peter Lawrence Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Lawrence Author-Name: Giuliano Martiniello Author-X-Name-First: Giuliano Author-X-Name-Last: Martiniello Author-Name: Ben Fine Author-X-Name-First: Ben Author-X-Name-Last: Fine Author-Name: Max Ajl Author-X-Name-First: Max Author-X-Name-Last: Ajl Author-Name: Bettina Engels Author-X-Name-First: Bettina Author-X-Name-Last: Engels Author-Name: Gordon Crawford Author-X-Name-First: Gordon Author-X-Name-Last: Crawford Author-Name: Gabriel Botchwey Author-X-Name-First: Gabriel Author-X-Name-Last: Botchwey Title: Radical political economy and industrialisation in Africa: ROAPE/Third World Network-Africa Connections workshop, held in Accra, Ghana, 13–14 November 2017 Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 267-334 Issue: 156 Volume: 45 Year: 2018 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2018.1497131 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2018.1497131 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:45:y:2018:i:156:p:267-334 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Editorial working group Journal: Pages: ebi-ebi Issue: 77 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704321 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704321 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:77:p:ebi-ebi Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chris Allen Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Allen Title: Britain's Africa policy: ethical, or ignorant? Journal: Pages: 405-407 Issue: 77 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704322 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704322 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:77:p:405-407 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Susan Willett Author-X-Name-First: Susan Author-X-Name-Last: Willett Title: Demilitarisation, disarmament & development in Southern Africa Abstract: Theories of how and why violent conflicts occur generally distinguish between structural factors on the one hand and accelerating or triggering factors on the other (Azar, 1990). Structural factors, which must be viewed as long term, include interrelated political, social and economic elements, such as the failure to meet basic human needs, population pressure, unequal distribution of wealth, depletion of natural resources, environmental degradation and ethnic tensions. Accelerating or triggering factors on the other hand, operate in the context of the above adverse structural factors but involve specific events, attitudes or decisions of dominant actors, which provoke or encourage violence. Triggering factors include the unequal distribution of power, the abuse of military power, the proliferation of small arms ideological conflict, struggles related to natural resources. How these triggers activate violence depends heavily upon the specific context. By examining the process of disarmament and demilitarisation within the southern African region, this article seeks to highlight the contradictions between treating the symptoms rather than the underlying causes of violence. In the final section some lessons from the region's experience will be highlighted which might be pertinent to national and international attempts at establishing peace and stability in future conflict zones. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 409-430 Issue: 77 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704323 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704323 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:77:p:409-430 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vishnu Padayachee Author-X-Name-First: Vishnu Author-X-Name-Last: Padayachee Title: Progressive academic economists & the Challenge of development in South Africa's decade of liberation Abstract: This article examines the relationship between progressive academic economists and anti‐apartheid social movements in the period that has come to be known as South Africa's decade of liberation, roughly the mid‐1980s to the mid‐1990s. It does so through a critical examination of the interaction of progressive economists with social movements in South Africa since 1985, an interaction which occurred in the main via policy research networks and think‐tanks. The article also explores the major trends in the relationship between progressive economists and social movements over the decade of liberation and attempts to provide some tentative answers to the controversial question of why many of South Africa's progressive economists underwent a sea change in their economic thinking by the mid‐1990s. The argument is that South African academics and intellectuals (like those elsewhere) are far from independent; they are the creatures and creations of their time. Their positions depend upon their shifting circumstances and the demands placed on them. Ultimately, the explanation for the change in economics thinking rests on the politics of the transition itself, although other factors may contribute to explaining why the shift was so extreme and so pervasive. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 431-450 Issue: 77 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704324 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704324 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:77:p:431-450 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ruth Hall Author-X-Name-First: Ruth Author-X-Name-Last: Hall Title: Design for equity: linking policy with objectives in South Africa's land reform Abstract: The question posed in this article is why do land reform policies aiming at equity regularly result in inequitable outcomes?The question is examined in relation to the new land reform policy in South Africa (DLA, 1997), and with emphasis on the commitment to gender equity contained in this policy. Four points are made. First, planning for development needs to be realistic about the context of social relations within which the programme will take place. Second, policy objectives and criteria should not be contradictory. Third, equity considerations need to permeate all aspects of policy and not be limited to statements of vision and objectives. Fourth, the resource implications of policy should fit within existing resource constraints. These are some of the points of slippage which may result in the sacrifice of equity objectives in practice. The challenge at the level of policy is to anticipate and counteract the likely maldistribution of the benefits of land reform. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 451-462 Issue: 77 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704325 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704325 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:77:p:451-462 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mark Bradbury Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Bradbury Title: Sudan: international responses to war in the Nuba mountains Abstract: More than a decade of war in the Nuba mountains between the Government of Sudan and the Sudan Peoples Liberation Army/Movement (SPLA/M) is threatening the way of life and very existence of the Nuba people. Responsibility for the tragedy in the Nuba mountains lies squarely in the hands of successive Sudanese governments who are accused of human rights atrocities, creating famine conditions, war crimes and even genocide. The silence that surrounds the plight of the Nuba, however, also attests to the failure of the international community to secure protection and assistance for war‐affected populations in Sudan's civil war. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 463-474 Issue: 77 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704326 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704326 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:77:p:463-474 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Samir Amin Author-X-Name-First: Samir Author-X-Name-Last: Amin Title: The first babu memorial lecture Journal: Pages: 475-484 Issue: 77 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704327 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704327 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:77:p:475-484 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lars Rudebeck Author-X-Name-First: Lars Author-X-Name-Last: Rudebeck Title: Guinea‐bissau: military fighting breaks out Journal: Pages: 484-486 Issue: 77 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704328 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704328 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:77:p:484-486 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joseph Hanlon Author-X-Name-First: Joseph Author-X-Name-Last: Hanlon Title: African debt hoax Journal: Pages: 487-492 Issue: 77 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704329 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704329 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:77:p:487-492 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stephen Riley Author-X-Name-First: Stephen Author-X-Name-Last: Riley Title: Conflict, civil society and peace‐building in West Africa Journal: Pages: 492-494 Issue: 77 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704330 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704330 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:77:p:492-494 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Simon Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Simon Title: Angola: the peace is not yet fully won Abstract: The ongoing war has exacted a terrible toll on Angola and its people. Potentially one of Africa's richest countries, with diverse natural resources and agro‐ecological zones suited to the growing of a wide range of food and cash crops, it has been reduced to abject poverty. Several million people ‐ over a quarter of the estimated total population of 11–12 million ‐ have been displaced from their homes, often losing all their possessions and means of livelihood. Many have fled to the major cities or across the borders to neighbouring countries; still others have found refuge in other rural areas or have been taken captive by UNITA. Journal: Pages: 495-503 Issue: 77 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704331 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704331 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:77:p:495-503 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Ethiopia/Eritrea conflict Journal: Pages: 503-504 Issue: 77 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704332 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704332 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:77:p:503-504 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jean‐Louis Péninou Author-X-Name-First: Jean‐Louis Author-X-Name-Last: Péninou Title: Guerre absurde entre l'ethiopie et l'erythrée Abstract: The war that has broken out between Eritrea and Ethiopia has surprised everyone, as it is not caused by ethnic, religious or tribal strivings for power. It is the old style of conflict between two States about the demarcation of a frontier which has claimed almost a thousand lives since mid‐June. After the spectacular failure of the US attempt at mediation, the bordering States are worried about a conflict that threatens the stability of the whole of the Horn of Africa. Journal: Pages: 504-508 Issue: 77 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704333 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704333 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:77:p:504-508 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Why? The eritrean‐Ethiopian conflict Abstract: The Institute for African Alternatives is an independent research institute working, among other things, on conflict and conflict resolution across the continent. Having monitored events in the Greater Horn for many years, we were caught completely off guard by the sudden outbreak of hostilities along the Eritrean‐Ethiopian border. On 1 July 1998 IFAA hosted a meeting and discussion. The following are excerpts from that discussion. The full text is available from the rapporteur, Axel Klein at IFAA. Journal: Pages: 508-526 Issue: 77 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704334 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704334 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:77:p:508-526 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wangari Maathai Author-X-Name-First: Wangari Author-X-Name-Last: Maathai Title: The link between patenting of life forms, Genetic Engineering & Food insecurity Journal: Pages: 526-528 Issue: 77 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704335 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704335 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:77:p:526-528 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Let nature's harvest continue African counter-statement to Monsanto Journal: Pages: 529-531 Issue: 77 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704336 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704336 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:77:p:529-531 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: William Martin Author-X-Name-First: William Author-X-Name-Last: Martin Title: ‘Dictated trade: the case against the Africa growth & opportunity Act’ Journal: Pages: 531-532 Issue: 77 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704337 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704337 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:77:p:531-532 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Statement from civil society & religious organisations of east & central Afrca regarding the escalating violent conflict in the great lakes region Journal: Pages: 533-534 Issue: 77 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704338 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704338 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:77:p:533-534 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roy Love Author-X-Name-First: Roy Author-X-Name-Last: Love Author-Name: Ray Bush Author-X-Name-First: Ray Author-X-Name-Last: Bush Author-Name: Morris Szeftel Author-X-Name-First: Morris Author-X-Name-Last: Szeftel Title: Book notes Abstract: South Africa: Limits to Change — the Political Economy of Transformation(1997), by Hein Marais, Zed and UCT Press ISBN 1 85649 544 2. Reconciliation Through Truth: A Reckoning of Apartheid's Criminal Governance(1997), by Kader Asmal, Louise Asmal, Ronald Suresh Roberts; David Philip, St Martins, James Currey, ISBN 0 85255 802 3. What Women do in Wartime: Gender and Conflict in Africa(1998), edited by Meredeth Turshen & Clotilde Twagira‐mariya, Zed Books, ISBN 1 85649 538 8. Democratisation in Africa: The Theory and Dynamics of Political Transitions(1997), by Earl Conteh‐Morgan, Praeger, ISBN 0–275–95780–2. Custodians of the Commons: Pastoral Land Tenure in East & West Africa(1998), edited by Charles R Lane, Earthscan/UNRISD, ISBN 1 85383 473 4. Structural Adjustment Reconsidered: Economic Policy and Poverty in Africa(1997), by David E Sahn, Paul A Dorosh, Stephen D Younger, Cambridge UP, ISBN 0 521 58451 5. Structural Adjustment, Reconstruction and Development in Africa(1997), edited by Kempe Ronald Hope, Sr, Ashgate, ISBN 1 84014 127 1. Journal: Pages: 535-538 Issue: 77 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704339 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704339 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:77:p:535-538 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Books received Journal: Pages: 539-540 Issue: 77 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704340 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704340 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:77:p:539-540 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Editorial working group: Journal: Pages: ebi-ebi Issue: 83 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704428 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704428 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:83:p:ebi-ebi Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chris Allen Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Allen Title: Editorial: too little, too late? Journal: Pages: 5-10 Issue: 83 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704429 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704429 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:83:p:5-10 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Moore Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Moore Title: Levelling the playing fields & embedding illusions: ‘post‐conflict’ discourse & neo‐liberal ‘development’ in war‐torn Africa Abstract: The World Bank's booklet Post‐Conflict Reconstruction: The Role of the World Bank suggests that in its eyes the ravages of war‐torn Africa present international financial institutions with an opportunity to create ‘market friendly’ opportunities on the levelled playing fields assumed by ‘post‐conflict’ discourse. As well as downplaying the conflict‐laden and complex aspects of post‐war situations, the illusion of peace and ordered government encouraged by ‘post‐conflict’ language allows the traditional humanitarian side of the ‘relief and (neo‐liberal) ‘development’ continuum in post‐war situations to be obliterated. Thus, the World Bank and similar agencies are able to enter the killing fields even during conflict to lay the seeds — or ‘embed’, to use a reversal of Polanyian perspectives — of individual property rights and other aspects of neo‐liberal economic, social and political good governance. Perspectives from ‘social capital’ discourse also buttress this view. Such ideologies coincide with and justify the diminishing material resources allocated to a more traditional humanitarian agenda for post‐war reconstruction, as well as sidelining alternatives. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 11-28 Issue: 83 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704430 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704430 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:83:p:11-28 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joseph Hanlon Author-X-Name-First: Joseph Author-X-Name-Last: Hanlon Title: Power without responsibility: the World Bank & Mozambican cashew nuts Abstract: Mozambique's cashew nut production failed to recover after the 1982–92 war, with serious implications for peasant producers and workers in the country's single largest industry. Cashew has the potential to regain its role as a major sector of the Mozambican economy, and this article looks at the fundamental problems relating to the growing and processing of cashew. Next, the article shows how contradictory World Bank‐imposed policies prevented Mozambique from resolving these problems. Cashew shows that World Bank staff sometimes have unchecked power to impose policies on poor countries, with no need to justify their actions. The article concludes by asking if the World Bank can be sole judge of the success of its policies. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 29-45 Issue: 83 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704431 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704431 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:83:p:29-45 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cyril Obi Author-X-Name-First: Cyril Author-X-Name-Last: Obi Title: Globalised images of environmental security in Africa Abstract: Since the end of the Cold War in the late 1980s, there has been a pronounced concern in academic and policy circles, with global environmental change, and its implications for global security (Speth, 1990; Brock, 1991; Renner, 1996; Brown, 1994; Obi, 1997a, 1997b, 1998b; Leach & Mearns, 1996; Hyden, 1999). At the heart of this shift has been the expansion of the notion of security to include the containment of non‐military, extra‐state threats. Thus, issues such as poverty, environmental degradation, crisis, wars, drug‐trafficking and even migration were included in the emerging perspective to security. Also, globalisation meant that threat‐perception in the west began to take on board the linkages between environmental crisis in the third world, with its strategic needs for stability, markets, resources, and even, leisure. At the same time, there was the concern among some policy‐makers and scholars of the implications of globalisation for the post‐colonial African state, which was experiencing various forms and intensities of crisis. Such fears were based on the belief that a crisis‐ridden Africa would pose a serious threat to global peace and security. This concern is most pronounced in the surviving Cold War superpowers, particularly the United States, which is the undisputed global hegemon in the post‐Cold War order. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 47-62 Issue: 83 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704432 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704432 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:83:p:47-62 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gerhard Maré Author-X-Name-First: Gerhard Author-X-Name-Last: Maré Title: Versions of resistance history in South Africa: the ANC strand in Inkatha in the 1970s and 1980s Abstract: Since the 1999 elections in South Africa the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) has entered into a ‘coalition’ with the African National Congress (ANC) (now described as such by both parties) at both provincial (KwaZulu‐Natal ‐ KZN) and national levels of government. Such close cooperation, albeit largely at leadership and parliamentary representative level, would have been hard to imagine even five years ago, when the IFP refused to participate in the first democratic elections unless a range of demands were met by the negotiators in the transition process. Such confrontation reflected the vicious, state‐supported, war that was waged between IFP and ANC supporters in KZN and on the east Rand, in which thousands were killed and many more turned into internal refugees. While any steps to attain lasting peace are to be welcomed, if the past is not addressed such moves may prove to be fragile. An aspect of the past is the relationship between the ANC, as movement and as resistance symbol, and the Inkatha movement of nkosi Mangosuthu Buthelezi during the 1970s and 1980s. Inkatha's perception and presentation of ‘the ANC during this period is discussed. The argument is that Inkatha leadership had the opportunity, and not only the ideological pressure, to place the movement within an ANC resistance history, that was also populist, denying class and other divisions. However, Inkatha was never able to escape its political location with the KwaZulu ethnic bantustan, and the ANC was driven to an uncompromising position through the rise of internal resistance from the late‐1970s. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 63-79 Issue: 83 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704433 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704433 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:83:p:63-79 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shubi Ishemo Author-X-Name-First: Shubi Author-X-Name-Last: Ishemo Title: ‘A symbol that cannot be substituted’: The role of J K Nyerere in the liberation of Southern Africa, 1955–1990 Abstract: Mwalimu Nyerere, the first President of Tanzania, passed away on 14 October 1999. He fought for the liberation of Tanzania from British colonialism and fought tirelessly against colonialism, racism, injustice and to preserve human dignity not only in Africa, but also throughout the Third World. He was well known for his uncompromising support for the liberation movement and his untiring work to ensure their victory. He was not only Father of the Tanzanian nation but also a mentor of the birth of other nations in the region. This essay is a brief appreciation of his work, a memory to his warmth and his love for humanity. Journal: Pages: 81-94 Issue: 83 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704434 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704434 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:83:p:81-94 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Tributes to Julius Nyerere in the South African Parliament Abstract: On 20 October 1999, a motion was moved in the National Assembly in Cape Town on the death of Dr. Mwalimu Julius Nyerere, former President of Tanzania. The following extracts from that debate are reproduced with the permission of the Speaker, Dr Frene Ginwala, who herself spent many years in Dar es Salaam, and was in fact appointed by Mwalimu as the first editor of the English language newspaper, The Standard, after it was nationalised in 1969. In sending the text of the debate, she remarked on the ‘tributes paid by the opposition parties’ as well as ANC MPs. Journal: Pages: 95-97 Issue: 83 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704435 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704435 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:83:p:95-97 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Address by Commonwealth Secretary‐General HE Chief Emeka Anyaoku to the International Conference on the Making of a New Constitution for Zimbabwe Journal: Pages: 99-103 Issue: 83 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704436 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704436 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:83:p:99-103 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: The Durban summit & beyond: whither the commonwealth? speech by commonwealth secretary‐general chief emeka anyaoku Journal: Pages: 103-109 Issue: 83 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704437 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704437 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:83:p:103-109 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ruth Ochieng Author-X-Name-First: Ruth Author-X-Name-Last: Ochieng Title: Isis WICCE continues to bring women together Journal: Pages: 109-112 Issue: 83 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704438 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704438 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:83:p:109-112 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Simon Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Simon Title: Namibian elections: SWAPO consolidates its hold on power Journal: Pages: 113-115 Issue: 83 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704439 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704439 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:83:p:113-115 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Caroline Ifeka Author-X-Name-First: Caroline Author-X-Name-Last: Ifeka Title: Conflict, complicity & confusion: unravelling empowerment struggles in Nigeria after the Return to 'Democracy' Abstract: The national and international press report the recent upsurge of youth-led ethnic violence in Nigeria as if it were new. But Ifeka argues that in view of the catastrophic fall in Nigeria's GDP from $US93.1 billion in 1980 to US$40 billion in 1997 (Adedeji, 1999), youth's proclivity for violence is hardly surprising. Indeed, youth-led rebellions are not new. A political economy approach shows that developed economies exploitation of peripheral economies supplying raw materials sustains under-development and conditions spawning periodic revolt (Richards, 1996). Poverty makes people depend for assistance on customary (kin-based) relationships between superior elders and junior youths. But educated (unemployed) youth are finding that dependency on elders thwarts their own development and that of their people. Militant youth articulate a general perception that development is being obstructed by 'selfish' elders and chiefs who 'chop' on government contracts for their own gain, not their people's advancement. Journal: Pages: 115-123 Issue: 83 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704440 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704440 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:83:p:115-123 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Chissano names 22 ministers to enlarge cabinet Journal: Pages: 123-125 Issue: 83 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704441 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704441 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:83:p:123-125 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Sahel: women power rules the economy Abstract: Women in the Sahel region are in the forefront of an ambitious scheme to alleviate poverty. They have joined forces to build a popular urban economy. Their success, write Newslink Africa's special correspondents Bella Diallo andMarieme Sow, shows women can play a full part in public and economic life. Journal: Pages: 125-127 Issue: 83 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704442 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704442 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:83:p:125-127 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Can Africa expliot the internet Abstract: Will the Internet deliver to Africa? Will Africa exploit the opportunities offered by the Internet to be at par with the rest of the world? A product of information technology explosion, the Internet could be a chance that Africa has been waiting for and critically, could be the last chance that Africa can exploit to move up the ladder of economic,social and political well-being, writes Newslink Africa's special correspondent Steve Mbogo Journal: Pages: 127-129 Issue: 83 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704443 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704443 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:83:p:127-129 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mohamud Khalif Author-X-Name-First: Mohamud Author-X-Name-Last: Khalif Title: Ethiopia's plans for the kalub gas project unfair Journal: Pages: 129-132 Issue: 83 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704444 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704444 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:83:p:129-132 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Human security in sudan: the report of a canadian assessment mission prepared for the minister of foreign affairs ottawa, January 2000 Journal: Pages: 132-137 Issue: 83 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704445 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704445 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:83:p:132-137 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ann Pettifor Author-X-Name-First: Ann Author-X-Name-Last: Pettifor Title: Debt cancellation, lender responsibility & poor country empowerment Journal: Pages: 138-144 Issue: 83 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704446 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704446 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:83:p:138-144 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joe Hanlon Author-X-Name-First: Joe Author-X-Name-Last: Hanlon Title: World bank debt concession? There is no extra $10 million! Journal: Pages: 144-145 Issue: 83 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704447 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704447 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:83:p:144-145 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gavin Williams Author-X-Name-First: Gavin Author-X-Name-Last: Williams Title: Book review Abstract: Doctrines of Development(1996) by M P Cowen & R W Shenton, Routledge, 554pp. Journal: Pages: 147-148 Issue: 83 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704448 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704448 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:83:p:147-148 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roy Love Author-X-Name-First: Roy Author-X-Name-Last: Love Author-Name: Ray Bush Author-X-Name-First: Ray Author-X-Name-Last: Bush Author-Name: Morris Szeftel Author-X-Name-First: Morris Author-X-Name-Last: Szeftel Title: Book Notes Abstract: Martin, W G & Michael O West(eds.) (1999), Out of One, Many Africas: Reconstructing the Study and Meaning of Africa,University of Illinois Press. Chazan, Naomi, Peter Lewis, Robert A Mortimer, Donald Rothchild, Stephen John Stedman(1999), Politics and Society in Contemporary Africa,3rdedition, Lynne Reinner, Macmillan. Schraeder, Peter J(2000), African Politics and Society: A Mosaic in Transition,Boston/New York Bedford/St Martins. Mbaku, John Mukum(2000), Bureaucratic and Political Corruption in Africa: The Public Choice Perspective,Florida: Krieger Publishing. Doig, Alan, Robin Theobald(eds.) (2000), Corruption and Democratisation,London: Frank Cass. Musah, Abdel‐Fatau, J Kayode Fayemi(eds.) (2000), Mercenaries: An African Security Dilemma,London: Pluto Press. Clayton, Anthony(1999), Frontiersmen: Warfare in Africa Since 1950,Warfare and History Series, UCL Press. Tanzi, V, K Chu, S Gupta(eds.) (1999), Economic Policy & Equity,Washington: International Monetary Fund. Journal: Pages: 149-152 Issue: 83 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704449 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704449 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:83:p:149-152 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Books received Journal: Pages: 153-153 Issue: 83 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704450 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704450 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:83:p:153-153 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chris Allen Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Allen Title: African internet resources Journal: Pages: 155-163 Issue: 83 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704451 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704451 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:83:p:155-163 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Dedication and acknowledgements Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 1-1 Issue: 0 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1215629 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1215629 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:0:p:1-1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Lawrence Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Lawrence Title: Remembering Lionel Cliffe Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 2-6 Issue: 0 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1215633 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1215633 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:0:p:2-6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Lawrence Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Lawrence Title: Land, liberation and democracy: the life and work of Lionel Cliffe Abstract: This paper is a revised version, for this issue, of the keynote address to the Colloquium in Cape Town in honour of Lionel Cliffe. It maps out the key features of Lionel’s life and his work starting in Tanzania in 1961, where through his long period of teaching, research and engagement, he formed much of what became his approach to the analysis of African social formations and appropriate policies for development and change. His founding role in this journal, his periods of further work in Zambia, the Horn, and then Southern Africa, are viewed through the three themes of the title. They add up to a major contribution to both theory and practice that has continuing relevance to answering the question he often put: what is to be done? Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 7-16 Issue: 0 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1218197 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1218197 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:0:p:7-16 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mike Powell Author-X-Name-First: Mike Author-X-Name-Last: Powell Title: Lionel Cliffe: the politically engaged intellectual worker Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 17-21 Issue: 0 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1215632 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1215632 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:0:p:17-21 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elisa Greco Author-X-Name-First: Elisa Author-X-Name-Last: Greco Title: Village land politics and the legacy of Abstract: The paper explores the legacies of ujamaa for Tanzanian village land management through the analysis of ethnographic data. The first section considers the ujamaa legacies for Tanzanian village administrative and political institutions and the weight of past top-down politics. In the second section, village land politics are investigated in the light of the reform of the land laws in order then to underline the role of village authorities in collective land claims and to illustrate how village land allocations occur in practice. The third section analyses data from three villages to reflect on the salience of village land politics and Village Land Use Plans. Ujamaa leaves its legacy in the continuity of a potential for democratisation from below resisting the continuity of authoritarianism and centralised decision making from above. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 22-40 Issue: 0 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1219179 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1219179 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:0:p:22-40 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andrew Coulson Author-X-Name-First: Andrew Author-X-Name-Last: Coulson Title: Cotton and textiles industries in Tanzania: the failures of liberalisation Abstract: This article uses the story of cotton cultivation in Tanzania to analyse critically the processes of liberalisation and expose the failure of markets to reward quality production. It starts by summarising the technological requirements to grow the crop. It then shows how cotton was central to industrialisation, in Britain and elsewhere. In Tanzania, cotton is grown on small farms and so the article then summarises how small farmers make choices and minimise risks. This creates the context for outline histories, first of cotton growing, and then of textile industries in Tanzania, before turning to the impact of structural adjustment and liberalisation in the late 1980s and 1990s which led to increases in production but losses in quality and price. The article draws conclusions from this about the role of agriculture in processes of economic transformation and the need for institutions which represent the economic interests of small farmers. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 41-59 Issue: 0 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1214112 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1214112 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:0:p:41-59 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brian Van Arkadie Author-X-Name-First: Brian Author-X-Name-Last: Van Arkadie Title: Reflections on land policy and the independence settlement in Kenya Abstract: This essay reflects on a personal participation in policy-making in relation to Kenya, almost 50 years ago. The policies that the British colonial authorities pursued in respect of the transfer of land to black Kenyans were crucial in the design of the decolonisation framework which managed the transition from colonial to self-rule. The outcome of the land policy was the creation of a black middle class of prosperous farmers, the preservation of the position of white farming, a transition to capitalism and the creation of a black capitalist class eagerly embraced by Kenyatta and his successors, but not solving the problems of land hunger and accompanying rural poverty which continue today. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 60-68 Issue: 0 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1217837 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1217837 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:0:p:60-68 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ray Bush Author-X-Name-First: Ray Author-X-Name-Last: Bush Title: Agrarian transformation in the Near East and North Africa: influences from the work of Lionel Cliffe Abstract: This article explores the influences of the work of Lionel Cliffe in developing a radical rural political economy. A number of key themes in Cliffe’s work are reviewed in order to explore how they have helped to shape a view of rural development that is based, amongst other things, on listening to farmers and exploring why both government policy and often radical interventions fail to deliver the promises of improvements to rural conditions of existence. Case studies from the Near East and North Africa (NENA) highlight absences in policy intervention particularly in the areas of conflict, environmental transformation and economic reform. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 69-85 Issue: 0 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1217835 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1217835 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:0:p:69-85 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lloyd Sachikonye Author-X-Name-First: Lloyd Author-X-Name-Last: Sachikonye Title: Old wine in new bottles? Revisiting contract farming after agrarian reform in Zimbabwe Abstract: This contribution explores emerging features of social relations of production as expressed through the contract farming system in Zimbabwe. It seeks to link earlier research on plantation-based outgrower schemes in tea and sugar that were on a modest scale, to contemporary contract farming in tobacco and cotton that has expanded to a relatively large scale in the post-land reform period. The article questions whether the current expansion wave is a qualitatively new process or a variant of ‘old wine in new bottles’ in terms of relations between growers and large capital. Some themes for research are then outlined potentially to address emerging pertinent issues arising out of contemporary contract farming arrangements. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 86-98 Issue: 0 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1217836 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1217836 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:0:p:86-98 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Grasian Mkodzongi Author-X-Name-First: Grasian Author-X-Name-Last: Mkodzongi Title: ‘I am a paramount chief, this land belongs to my ancestors’: the reconfiguration of rural authority after Zimbabwe's land reforms Abstract: This article explores the reconfiguration of rural authority in the aftermath of Zimbabwe's Fast Track Land Reform Programme, particularly the way the programme has allowed local chiefs to deploy ancestral autochthony as a way of contesting state hegemony over the countryside. It argues that chiefs cannot simply be viewed as undemocratic remnants of colonial rule; instead, a nuanced understanding of their role in rural governance is required. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 99-114 Issue: 0 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1085376 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1085376 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:0:p:99-114 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marjorie Mbilinyi Author-X-Name-First: Marjorie Author-X-Name-Last: Mbilinyi Title: Analysing the history of agrarian struggles in Tanzania from a feminist perspective Abstract: Agriculture remains the major site of employment and livelihoods for most Tanzanians, and especially women. This article explores patterns of continuity and change in agrarian struggles and primitive accumulation in Tanzania from a transformative feminist perspective. Such a framework combines gender and class, and questions of race and national sovereignty in its analysis of production and reproduction as significant components of feminist political economy. It pursues the author’s particular interest in the continuity between colonial efforts to destroy the self-sustaining nature of peasant production and reproduction and to promote settler and corporate agriculture and mining instead, and the present neoliberal focus on ‘transformation’. The analysis here is based on a re-reading of earlier work, including much of the author’s own, together with reflection on the results of participatory action research carried out by the Tanzanian Gender Networking Programme with grassroots activists in selected rural areas during the period from 2010 to 2014. Of particular significance is the joint emphasis given by grassroots women both to economic and social service issues. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 115-129 Issue: 0 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1219036 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1219036 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:0:p:115-129 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nancy Andrew Author-X-Name-First: Nancy Author-X-Name-Last: Andrew Title: The importance of land in rethinking rural transformation, agrarian revolution and unfinished liberation in Africa Abstract: The Dar es Salaam debates of the 1970s provide a starting point for a discussion of the need for sweeping rural social transformation and ‘finishing’ liberation in Africa through examples of Zimbabwe’s ‘fast-track’, 20 years of failed land reform in South Africa and Burkina Faso’s short period of radical reform. Too often, liberation is conceptualised as correcting inadequate formal democracy. More than meeting the needs of the rural poor or righting historical wrongs, the struggle for land can open a pathway based on mobilising the population for developing a new system of agriculture, linked to an independent national economy and radically different society. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 130-144 Issue: 0 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1214115 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1214115 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:0:p:130-144 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John S. Saul Author-X-Name-First: John S. Author-X-Name-Last: Saul Title: The ZIPA moment: Dzino, Mugabe and Samora Machel Abstract: This article underscores the importance of the relatively brief life but historically noteworthy emergence of the Zimbabwe People’s Army (ZIPA) within the struggle for Zimbabwean liberation in the 1970s. For ZIPA was a movement that offered both a serious military challenge of its own to Smith’s UDI regime but also the long-term possibility of a far more meaningful liberation than anything achieved since by ZANU’s ‘old guard’ under the orchestration of Robert Mugabe. The roles played by Mugabe, Machel, Kaunda, Kissinger and Crosland in ensuring ZIPA’s defeat are all emphasised, with a key source for the paper’s reinterrogation of ZIPA’s role being the recent autobiography of Wilfred Mhanda (aka Dzino Machingura), entitled Dzino. A link is also made to Lionel Cliffe’s writing of the time (in ROAPE issue no. 8), in particular to his own experience while incarcerated in one of Kaunda’s Zambian jails. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 145-166 Issue: 0 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1214403 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1214403 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:0:p:145-166 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Moore Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Moore Title: Lionel Cliffe and the generation(s) of Zimbabwean politics Abstract: Lionel Cliffe’s idea of ‘generations’ was a way of understanding the structure/agency divide and internecine struggles among Zimbabwe’s nascent ruling classes during its liberation struggle. Here, its utility as an analytical tool on factional conflict is assessed. Cliffe’s own involvement in the Zimbabwe African National Union’s history is also examined as a lens on its generational and ideological contradictions. Further, archival evidence of the British state’s observations of Mugabe illustrates how he fused the contradictions of age cohorts, points of entry into the struggle, political philosophy and international dimensions, and suggests, too, the difficulties of outsiders’ understanding of complex struggles. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 167-186 Issue: 0 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1214116 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1214116 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:0:p:167-186 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Caroline Ifeka Author-X-Name-First: Caroline Author-X-Name-Last: Ifeka Title: Morality and economic growth in rural West Africa: indigenous accumulation in Hausaland Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 187-189 Issue: 0 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1214409 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1214409 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:0:p:187-189 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Editorial working group Journal: Pages: ebi-ebi Issue: 80 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704375 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704375 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:80:p:ebi-ebi Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ray Bush Author-X-Name-First: Ray Author-X-Name-Last: Bush Author-Name: Morris Szeftel Author-X-Name-First: Morris Author-X-Name-Last: Szeftel Title: Commentary: bringing imperialism back in Journal: Pages: 165-169 Issue: 80 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704376 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704376 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:80:p:165-169 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Deborah Bryceson Author-X-Name-First: Deborah Author-X-Name-Last: Bryceson Title: African rural labour, income diversification & livelihood approaches: a long‐term development perspective Abstract: The implementation of SAP and economic liberalisation throughout sub‐Saharan Africa during the last fifteen years has coincided with the rapid expansion of rural income diversification. Many analysts see income diversification as a vital coping strategy for the rural poor, while recognising that its growing incidence amongst all sections of the African rural population can serve as a mechanism for increasing wealth differentiation. The current income diversification and livelihoods literature primarily restricts itself to situational analysis underpinned by assumptions of economic optimization on the part of decision‐making households, while ignoring the broader process of depeasantization. Early agrarian change took the form of urban migration, funnelling labour from rural areas and creating an array of stimuli that acted indirectly upon village life. Rural income diversification adds a new, more immediate dimension. Villagers are now actively part of in situoccupational change that has far‐reaching implications for the social coherence of rural households and the political balance of local communities and nation‐states. Such profound transformation calls into question the ‘sustainability’ of rural livelihood strategies now being advocated by donor agencies as well as the relevance of delineating formal, informal and peasant sectors of the national economy. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 171-189 Issue: 80 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704377 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704377 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:80:p:171-189 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carol Thompson Author-X-Name-First: Carol Author-X-Name-Last: Thompson Title: Beyond civil society: child soldiers as citizens in Mozambique Abstract: Children are like flowers that never wither (Samora Machel). The conditions match any of the most terrifying and depraved suffered by past generations afflicted by war. Yet the victims are not only soldiers. At the beginning of this century, 90 per cent of war casualties in Mozambique were military; today about 90 per cent are civilian. Yet even this sobering UNDP (1994) figure does not name the problem, for the term ‘civilian’ obfuscates the vulnerability and innocence of child victims. The conditions for children who are forced to bear arms erase the traditional analytical categories of military, civilian and child. An estimated 300,000 children under 18, some as young as five years old, are currently serving in 36 wars around the world right now (Brett and McCallin, 1998:19,24). Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 191-206 Issue: 80 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704378 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704378 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:80:p:191-206 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sarah Bracking Author-X-Name-First: Sarah Author-X-Name-Last: Bracking Title: Structural adjustment: why it wasn't necessary & why it did work Abstract: The ultimate measure of the awesome power, and the fundamental violence, of unfettered abstraction is to be found in the millions upon millions of nameless corpses which this most vicious of centuries has left as its memorial(Sayer, 1991:155). Everyone is the most important person in democracy. (IDASA at HYPERLINK http:// www.idasa.org.za on 10 February 1999). This article provides a critical understanding of the broader historical context of structural adjustment. While a lot of contemporary analysis follows the given econometric boundaries of the policy debate many important political processes, which were part of the broader political economy of adjustment, remain unexplored. This exploration is important because the economic programmes have contained concepts that have taken root in a lot of African political debate like ‘freedom’, ‘efficiency’, ‘modernisation’, ‘markets’ and ‘liberalisation’ despite the apparent failure of programmes in socio‐economic terms. By reviewing the issue as one historical chapter in the relationship between poor countries and the managers of international finance, I indicate how oppositional political debate was constrained by pervasive, although ahistorical, ideas of economic necessity and the supposed economic benefits of ‘open’ markets. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 207-226 Issue: 80 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704379 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704379 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:80:p:207-226 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Clare Oxby Author-X-Name-First: Clare Author-X-Name-Last: Oxby Title: Mirages of pastoralist futures: a review of aid donor policy in Sahelian pastoral zones Abstract: Based on donor presentations at the United Nations Sahelian Office (UNSO) Technical Consultations on Pastoral Development in Africa (Endnote 1), this contribution explores first the extent to which pastoralists and the pastoral zones are targeted in donor policy and second the type of future society that the aid policies point towards, or imply, for these people and these regions. The policies are found to divide into those that effectively bypass pastoral zones and fail to target pastoralists, those that consider the pastoral zones and their inhabitants as complementary to other zones and other populations, and those that target squarely these zones and their inhabitants. Taking the last group of policies, three different approaches are distinguished: that which focuses on livestock and animal production; that which focuses on people and herders’ organisations; and that which focuses on natural resources and desertification. These policies are reviewed in turn, along with their contrasting and often unrealistic implications as to the type of future society involved. In the end, most of these visions of the future are dismissed as hypothetical constructs — as mirages — in that they tend to be formulated by outsiders and lack a consensus of support from within the pastoralist communities. In the current political climate which favours democracy and decentralisation it is hoped that the pastoralists themselves will be given a voice and an institutional channel in proportion to their numbers, so that they may formulate and express their own aspirations. Certain very fundamental issues have yet to be resolved through the political process, in particular the relative support for two opposing lifestyles and land uses in semi‐arid areas: one based on nomadic livestock‐keeping of drought‐resistant livestock species, and the other on a variety of sedentary activities based in farms and settlements. Finally, some examples are suggested of ways in which donors might be called upon to assist, rather than to initiate, efforts towards the improved political representation of pastoralists. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 227-237 Issue: 80 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704380 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704380 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:80:p:227-237 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tom De Herdt Author-X-Name-First: Tom Author-X-Name-Last: De Herdt Author-Name: Stefaan Marysse Author-X-Name-First: Stefaan Author-X-Name-Last: Marysse Title: The reinvention of the market from below: the end of the women's money changing monopoly in Kinshasa Abstract: Zaïre's transition to the Third Republic (1990–1997) was characterised by the decline of the national currency and the economy's partial dollarisation. This article describes the origins of the different types of cambistes(informal money exchange brokers). It argues that the evolution of the market of foreign currency is not only determined by changes in economic opportunities, but also by different kinds of social identity the cambisteshave adopted. More generally, insight is gained into the social re‐structuration of the market in an almost stateless society. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 239-253 Issue: 80 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704381 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704381 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:80:p:239-253 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Trevor Parfitt Author-X-Name-First: Trevor Author-X-Name-Last: Parfitt Author-Name: Graham Harrison Author-X-Name-First: Graham Author-X-Name-Last: Harrison Title: In memoriam Stephen Riley 1949–1999 Journal: Pages: 255-260 Issue: 80 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704382 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704382 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:80:p:255-260 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Katherine Salahi Author-X-Name-First: Katherine Author-X-Name-Last: Salahi Title: Martin Eve: 1924–1998 Journal: Pages: 258-260 Issue: 80 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704383 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704383 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:80:p:258-260 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Adam Habib Author-X-Name-First: Adam Author-X-Name-Last: Habib Author-Name: Rupert Taylor Author-X-Name-First: Rupert Author-X-Name-Last: Taylor Title: Parliamentary opposition & democratic consolidation in South Africa Journal: Pages: 261-267 Issue: 80 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704384 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704384 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:80:p:261-267 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: William Tordoff Author-X-Name-First: William Author-X-Name-Last: Tordoff Author-Name: Ralph Young Author-X-Name-First: Ralph Author-X-Name-Last: Young Title: The presidential election in gabon Journal: Pages: 269-277 Issue: 80 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704385 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704385 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:80:p:269-277 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Abdul Mustapha Author-X-Name-First: Abdul Author-X-Name-Last: Mustapha Title: The Nigerian transition: third time lucky or more of the same? Journal: Pages: 277-291 Issue: 80 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704386 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704386 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:80:p:277-291 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Commonwealth ministerial action group on the Harare declaration (CMAG) Journal: Pages: 291-293 Issue: 80 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704387 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704387 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:80:p:291-293 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John Markakis Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Markakis Title: Pastoralists & politicians in Kenya Journal: Pages: 293-296 Issue: 80 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704388 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704388 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:80:p:293-296 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: ROAPE on the world wide web Journal: Pages: 297-298 Issue: 80 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704389 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704389 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:80:p:297-298 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Janet Bujra Author-X-Name-First: Janet Author-X-Name-Last: Bujra Author-Name: Vincent Tickner Author-X-Name-First: Vincent Author-X-Name-Last: Tickner Title: Book reviews Abstract: What Women do in Wartime: Gender and Conflict in Africa (1988), edited by M Turshen & M Twagiramariya, London: Zed Books. Structural Adjustment and Women Informal Sector Traders in Harare, Zimbabwe (1998),by Rodrick Mupedziswa and Perpetua Gumbo, Research Report no. 106, ISBN 91–7106–435–4. Private Sector Response to Agricultural Marketing Liberalisation in Zambia (1998), by Dennis K. Chiwele, Pumulo Muyatwa‐Sipula and Henriette Kalinda, Research Report no. 107, Nordiska Afrikain‐stitutet, Uppsala, ISBN 91–7106–436–2 (both obtainable from Africa Book Centre, 38 King St., London WC2 8JT). Journal: Pages: 299-302 Issue: 80 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704390 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704390 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:80:p:299-302 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roy Love Author-X-Name-First: Roy Author-X-Name-Last: Love Author-Name: Ray Bush Author-X-Name-First: Ray Author-X-Name-Last: Bush Author-Name: Morris Szeftel Author-X-Name-First: Morris Author-X-Name-Last: Szeftel Title: Book notes Abstract: Leave None to Tell the Story: Genocide in Rwanda(1999), by Alison Des Forges, Human Rights Watch, New York and London; International Federation of Human Rights (IFHR), Paris. ISBN 1–56432–171–1. Civil Society and the Aid Industry(1998), Alison Van Rooy (ed.), London: Earthscan. ISBN 1 85383 553 6. Whose Development?: An Ethnography of Aid(1998) by Emma Crewe and Elizabeth Harrison, New York/London: Zed Books. ISBN 1 85649 606 6. The Pillage of Sustainability in Eritrea, 1600s‐1990s: Rural Communities and the Creeping Shadows of Hegemony(1998) by Niaz Murtaza Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press (Distributed by Eurospan, London) ISBN 0–313–30633–8. Africa Works: Disorder as Political Instrument(1999) by P. Chabal and J‐P Daloz, London: International Africa Institute/African Issues/James Currey. ISBN 0–253–21287–1. The Criminalisation of the State in Africa(1999) by J‐F Bayart, S. Ellis and B. Hibou, London: The International Africa Institute/ African Issues, James Currey/ Indiana University Press. ISBN 0–253–21286–3. Global Restructuring and Land Rights in Ghana: Forest Food Chains, Timber and Rural Livelihoods(1999) by Kojo Sebastian Amanor, Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, Research Report No. 108. ISBN 91–7106–437–0. The. Sudan: Contested National Identities(1998) by Ann Mosely Lesch, Bloomington/Oxford: Indiana University Press/James Currey. ISBN 0–253–33432–2. Post‐Conflict Eritrea: Prospects for Reconstruction and Development (1999)by Martin Doornbos and Tesfai Alemseged (eds), New Jersey: Red Sea Press. ISBN 1–56902–109–0. Journal: Pages: 303-309 Issue: 80 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704391 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704391 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:80:p:303-309 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Books received Journal: Pages: 308-309 Issue: 80 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704392 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704392 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:80:p:308-309 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Grasian Mkodzongi Author-X-Name-First: Grasian Author-X-Name-Last: Mkodzongi Author-Name: Peter Lawrence Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Lawrence Title: The fast-track land reform and agrarian change in Zimbabwe Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 1-13 Issue: 159 Volume: 46 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2019.1622210 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2019.1622210 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:46:y:2019:i:159:p:1-13 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Toendepi Shonhe Author-X-Name-First: Toendepi Author-X-Name-Last: Shonhe Title: The changing agrarian economy in Zimbabwe, 15 years after the Fast Track Land Reform programme Abstract: The reconfigured agrarian structure imposed new production and commoditisation patterns across the settlement types in Zimbabwe. From 2000, new markets were established, with differentiated effects on capital accumulation for different sets of farmers. After the Fast Track Land Reform programme, the impact of the economy-wide challenges, climate change, capital and global geo-politics on the agrarian economy remain relatively unexplored. Using a case study of Hwedza District, this article reveals the changing agrarian relations beyond the trimodal agrarian structure, showing that smallholder farmers have significantly relied on reinvestment of agricultural sales proceeds rather than contract farming. Farmers exit the contract farming arrangements citing their exploitative nature. The article contributes to the debate on Zimbabwe's agrarian and political transition. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 14-32 Issue: 159 Volume: 46 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2019.1606791 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2019.1606791 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:46:y:2019:i:159:p:14-32 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rangarirai Gavin Muchetu Author-X-Name-First: Rangarirai Gavin Author-X-Name-Last: Muchetu Title: Family farms and the markets: examining the level of market-oriented production 15 years after the Zimbabwe Fast Track Land Reform programme Abstract: Small family farmers aim to secure food through own production, and the surplus is only sold to finance productive and reproductive investments. The Fast Track Land Reform programme (FTLRP) caused a dramatic increase in the number of family farms, with approximately 180,000 families being resettled on 70% of agricultural land previously held by about 4500 commercial white farmers. This increased demand for agricultural capital goods, thus putting pressure on the under-resourced government of Zimbabwe, which had to provide inputs considering the FTLRP and capital outflows induced by the economic meltdown. The study tracks and maps out the position of family farmers in Zimbabwe with respect to the agricultural inputs and outputs markets over 15 years of land reform implementation. Specifically, the study utilises the SMAIAS 2013–14 Household Survey to calculate commercialisation indices for major agricultural crops in Zimbabwe. Commercialisation involves the creation of mechanisms that encourage farmers’ active participation and integration in the commodity markets. The survey results show that participation is found to be highly differentiated, with small-scale producers participating the least. More farmers were more active in the inputs markets than they were in the outputs markets, thus implying a perennial reduction of farmers’ incomes and productive asset investment capacity. Additionally, the study provides structural transformative policy alternatives for improving production and rural household income to reduce poverty. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 33-54 Issue: 159 Volume: 46 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2019.1609919 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2019.1609919 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:46:y:2019:i:159:p:33-54 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Manase Kudzai Chiweshe Author-X-Name-First: Manase Author-X-Name-Last: Kudzai Chiweshe Author-Name: Takunda Chabata Author-X-Name-First: Takunda Author-X-Name-Last: Chabata Title: The complexity of farmworkers’ livelihoods in Zimbabwe after the Fast Track Land Reform: experiences from a farm in Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe Abstract: The Fast Track Land Reform programme in Zimbabwe was one of the largest land redistribution exercises in the world. The programme had varying impacts on the diverse rural population, leading to a binary projection of winners and losers. The authors use a micro case study of former farmworkers in Chinhoyi to highlight how this particular group has fared since 2000. The authors’ interest is in understanding how the programme impacted on the farmworkers’ livelihoods and how they have responded to the changing agrarian structure. The authors focus on the bulk of the permanent farmworkers on the A2 farms who remained in the farm compounds where they offered to work for the new black farm owners. Using qualitative methodology, this study assesses the fragile patterns of livelihoods for the resident farmworkers. The vast majority of these workers did not get land during the land reform programme, thus their livelihoods in large part derive from the labour they sell to their new employers. This livelihood option however remains limited, ephemeral and unreliable. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 55-70 Issue: 159 Volume: 46 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2019.1609920 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2019.1609920 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:46:y:2019:i:159:p:55-70 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Arnold Chamunogwa Author-X-Name-First: Arnold Author-X-Name-Last: Chamunogwa Title: The negotiability of state legal and bureaucratic authority during land occupations in Zimbabwe Abstract: The article explains how state legal and bureaucratic authority over land access was renegotiated, and at times undone, during land occupations in Mazowe District, Zimbabwe from 2001 to 2002. It explains the logics and strategies used by land occupiers to make use of legal and bureaucratic procedures, in contradictory ways, as they made, protected and validated claims to land and related resources. It also explains the ambiguous role of local state institutions during farm occupations. The author illustrates how certain state institutions adhered to long-standing technocratic ideas and practices of controlling land access, while others undermined and, at times, subverted them. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 71-85 Issue: 159 Volume: 46 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2019.1609921 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2019.1609921 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:46:y:2019:i:159:p:71-85 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Innocent Dande Author-X-Name-First: Innocent Author-X-Name-Last: Dande Author-Name: Joseph Mujere Author-X-Name-First: Joseph Author-X-Name-Last: Mujere Title: Contested histories and contested land claims: traditional authorities and the Fast Track Land Reform programme in Zimbabwe, 2000–2017 Abstract: This article analyses conflicts among traditional authorities over ancestral lands, and boundaries during and in the aftermath of Zimbabwe’s Fast Track Land Reform programme (FTLRP). It argues that the FTLRP gave a fresh impetus to conflicts over land and boundaries among traditional authorities as they sought to recast their authority into areas from which they were displaced during the colonial period. It further argues that land claims in the post-FTLRP period were often entangled with contestations over history and legitimacy as rival groups made use of oral traditions and archives to bolster their claims. Most of these struggles over land ended up being decided in the country’s court system. Overall, the article argues that struggles over land claims in the post-FTLRP period have largely ended up being struggles over versions of the history of land ownership and colonial displacements. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 86-100 Issue: 159 Volume: 46 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2019.1609922 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2019.1609922 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:46:y:2019:i:159:p:86-100 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lincoln Addison Author-X-Name-First: Lincoln Author-X-Name-Last: Addison Title: The fragility of empowerment: changing gender relations in a Zimbabwean resettlement area Abstract: This article examines the fragility of women's empowerment in Sovelele, a resettlement area established through Zimbabwe's Fast Track Land Reform programme. Compared to their lives before resettlement, married women have larger plots allocated to them by husbands, exercise a higher degree of control over surplus grain and experience more joint use of resources. Single women can more easily buy and hold land in their own right. Yet, these gains are fragile because they arise out of largely unintended and changing circumstances, including the spatial dynamics of resettlement, permit-based land tenure, limited market integration and labour shortage. While attention to the conditions underlying empowerment reveals its fragility, it is not equally fragile for all women. Some women's gains may prove more resilient than others because they rest upon a deeper renegotiation of gender relations. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 101-116 Issue: 159 Volume: 46 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2019.1610939 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2019.1610939 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:46:y:2019:i:159:p:101-116 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ian Scoones Author-X-Name-First: Ian Author-X-Name-Last: Scoones Author-Name: Blasio Mavedzenge Author-X-Name-First: Blasio Author-X-Name-Last: Mavedzenge Author-Name: Felix Murimbarimba Author-X-Name-First: Felix Author-X-Name-Last: Murimbarimba Title: Young people and land in Zimbabwe: livelihood challenges after land reform Abstract: This article explores the livelihood challenges and opportunities of young people following Zimbabwe's land reform in 2000. The article explores the life courses of a cohort of men and women, all children of land reform settlers, in two contrasting smallholder land reform sites. Major challenges to social reproduction are highlighted, reflected in an extended ‘waithood’, while some opportunities for accumulation are observed, notably in intensive agricultural production and agriculture-linked business enterprises. In conclusion, the implications of generational transfer of land, assets and livelihood opportunities are discussed in the context of Zimbabwe's agrarian reform. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 117-134 Issue: 159 Volume: 46 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2019.1610938 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2019.1610938 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:46:y:2019:i:159:p:117-134 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chris James Newlove Author-X-Name-First: Chris James Author-X-Name-Last: Newlove Title: The wretched of the earth and strategy: Fanon’s ‘Leninist’ moment? Abstract: This paper argues that Fanon puts forward the importance of a strategic approach to winning the goals of national independence from colonialism as part of the wider fight for a different social and economic system. In The wretched of the earth Fanon supports a strategic focus along similar lines to Lenin. The interpretation of the national bourgeoisie and the native working class within the colony put forward by Fanon is directly influenced by his readings of Lenin. Alongside his diverse lessons and influences, this paper will argue that Fanon’s ‘Leninist’ moment should be acknowledged. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 135-142 Issue: 159 Volume: 46 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2018.1500361 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2018.1500361 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:46:y:2019:i:159:p:135-142 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roger Southall Author-X-Name-First: Roger Author-X-Name-Last: Southall Title: Presidential transitions and generational change in Southern African liberation movements Abstract: Recent presidential transitions in Southern Africa have prompted suggestions that the region is moving towards a new generational politics which is more responsive to the need for economic reform and holds significant democratic possibilities. While this analysis concedes that this analysis has some considerable purchase, it argues that the evidence suggests that liberation movements are likely to remain mired in a morass of patronage and corruption, and that there will be as much continuity as change. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 143-156 Issue: 159 Volume: 46 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2018.1536976 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2018.1536976 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:46:y:2019:i:159:p:143-156 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vishnu Padayachee Author-X-Name-First: Vishnu Author-X-Name-Last: Padayachee Author-Name: Ben Fine Author-X-Name-First: Ben Author-X-Name-Last: Fine Title: The role and influence of the IMF on economic policy in South Africa’s transition to democracy: the 1993 Compensatory and Contingency Financing Facility revisited Abstract: Many commentators have pointed to the 1993 International Monetary Fund (IMF) loan, which occurred on the eve of South Africa’s democratic elections, as a key factor in explaining the shift in African National Congress (ANC) economic policy in the 1990s. This argument is now invariably taken for granted. Little understanding of the nature of the Compensatory and Contingency Financing Facility (CCFF) is displayed, nor has any hard evidence been produced to back this argument. Drawing upon previously unseen data and reports from both the National Treasury and the IMF, we show that the IMF loan could not have had such an impact on ANC economic policy thinking. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 157-167 Issue: 159 Volume: 46 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2018.1484352 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2018.1484352 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:46:y:2019:i:159:p:157-167 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Colin Stoneman Author-X-Name-First: Colin Author-X-Name-Last: Stoneman Title: An ounce of practice Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 168-169 Issue: 159 Volume: 46 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2018.1531974 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2018.1531974 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:46:y:2019:i:159:p:168-169 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Editorial working group Journal: Pages: ebi-ebi Issue: 76 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704306 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704306 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:76:p:ebi-ebi Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ray Bush Author-X-Name-First: Ray Author-X-Name-Last: Bush Author-Name: Morris Szeftel Author-X-Name-First: Morris Author-X-Name-Last: Szeftel Title: Commentary: ‘globalization’ & the regulation of Africa Journal: Pages: 173-177 Issue: 76 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704307 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704307 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:76:p:173-177 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Harri Englund Author-X-Name-First: Harri Author-X-Name-Last: Englund Title: Culture, environment & the enemies of complexity Abstract: This article assesses recent debate regarding dimensions of post‐cold war conflict in Africa. It reviews the populist, and influential assertion that the ‘coming anarchy’, in Africa and elsewhere, is the result increasingly of clashes between cultures rather than states, and that these nation states necessarily give rise to primordial ethnicities. There continues to be a view that Africa's ills lie with overpopulation, environmental degradation and ethnic conflict. In contrast to the travel writing of authors like Kaplan nuanced perspectives challenging conventional wisdom can be underpinned by the force of anthropology and contemporary debates, relating to the new ecology and critiques of power. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 179-188 Issue: 76 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704308 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704308 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:76:p:179-188 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dan Connell Author-X-Name-First: Dan Author-X-Name-Last: Connell Title: Strategies for change: women & politics in Eritrea & South Africa Abstract: This article examines the position of women in the process of democratisation in Eritrea and South Africa. It examines the difficulties in translating declared government and policy document support for gender issues into implemented strategy. It does so by tracing the position of women in the different movements, the problems which women have confronted in political and economic reconstruction and the political struggles which women have engaged in to ensure that gender issues remain at the core of democratic politics. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 189-206 Issue: 76 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704309 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704309 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:76:p:189-206 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Serap Kayatekin Author-X-Name-First: Serap Author-X-Name-Last: Kayatekin Title: Observations on some theories of current agrarian change Abstract: This article deals with the main theoretical approaches to the agrarian question in Globalising Food: Agrarian Questions and Global Restructuringedited by D Goodman and M J Watts. I argue that the approach proposed by the Actor‐Network Theory (ANT), although offering valuable insights, is problematic. The tradition of (agrarian) political economy, however, is still a rich source that can accommodate the concerns of ANT in particular, and postmodernism in general, as is the case with several articles in this volume. Class, in this effort, should remain a category of central importance. I conclude by noting the relevance and the absence from this volume of household level analysis as well as an analysis of food security. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 207-219 Issue: 76 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704310 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704310 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:76:p:207-219 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Morris Szeftel Author-X-Name-First: Morris Author-X-Name-Last: Szeftel Title: Misunderstanding African politics: corruption & the governance agenda Abstract: Political corruption ‐ the misuse of public office or public responsibility for private (personal or sectional) gain ‐ has been an important theme of the neo‐liberal policies of adjustment, conditionality and democratization in Africa. Having identified the state as ‘the problem’, and liberalization and democratization as ‘the solution’ to that problem, it was inevitable that efforts to eradicate and control the widespread corruption characterising post‐colonial politics would be given a high priority by ‘the donors’. From the outset, proponents of structural reform linked political corruption to authoritarianism as an explanation of developmental failure, thereby identifying the arguments for democratization and ‘good governance’ with those for liberalization. This paper explores the way in which corruption has been understood in this ‘governance’ agenda and the efforts that have been made to control it by improving institutional performance and policing ‐ greater transparency and accountability, more effective oversight and punishment ‐ and by building a political culture intolerant of corruption. In general, however, legal and administrative reform has produced disappointing results and corruption has flourished and even increased. Failure has compounded cynicism and weakened faith in democratic change. Such failures suggest: firstly, that the anti‐corruption strategies pursued by international donors and imposed on African debtors are inadequate because of weaknesses in their conception of the state; secondly, that the reforms introduced through liberalization (a weakening of the state, deregulation and privatization) create new conditions in which corruption can flourish; and, thirdly, that fundamental features of African politics will need to change before such anti‐corruption measures can hope to succeed. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 221-240 Issue: 76 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704311 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704311 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:76:p:221-240 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anne Goetz Author-X-Name-First: Anne Author-X-Name-Last: Goetz Title: Women in politics & gender equity in policy: South Africa & Uganda Abstract: There are more women in politics in Uganda and South Africa today than in many more developed democracies. This significant achievement owes to explicit affirmative action interventions in political institutions and processes to favour women's participation. This article analyses these measures for their effectiveness in bringing more women into government, and for their impact on the perceived legitimacy of women in power. It goes on to stress that there is a difference between a numerical increase in women representatives, and the representation of women's interests in government decision‐making. The one does not automatically lead to the other, not just because individual women politicians cannot all be assumed to be concerned with gender equity, but because of institutionalised resistance to gender equity within the apparatus of governance. This problem is exacerbated in the context of structural adjustment, which rules out social welfare measures to subsidise women's reproductive contributions to the economy and thereby level the economic playing field between women and men. In spite of these obstacles, women in power in Uganda and South Africa have taken significant steps to articulate women's interests in politics, with a particular focus on problems of violence against women. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 241-262 Issue: 76 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704312 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704312 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:76:p:241-262 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Giles Mohan Author-X-Name-First: Giles Author-X-Name-Last: Mohan Title: Radicalism, relevance & the future of Journal: Pages: 263-264 Issue: 76 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704313 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704313 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:76:p:263-264 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John Saul Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Saul Author-Name: Colin Leys Author-X-Name-First: Colin Author-X-Name-Last: Leys Title: ROAPE & the radical Africanist: what next? Abstract: Giles Mohan has invited us to contribute to a debate in these pages ‘concerning the future of African studies and of ROAPE'spolitical‐intellectual role in this.’ He suggests that ‘some editors of ROAPEare concerned that the journal has lost the political focus with which it began and which marked it as a radical alternative to the “mainstream”.’ Note that in this latter formulation the question is less about the future of African studies per sethan it is about the future of ‘radical’ African studies. It is, in fact, the latter subject that our remarks will chiefly address (1). We do agree with Mohan that this seems a good moment to think aloud about what both ROAPEand radical Africanists are up to ‐ even though we will argue that neither need spend too much time apologising for what they/we have been/ are doing. The main challenge is to do ‘our thing’ even better, and to do it even more relevantly to the considerable complexities of the current moment. We will develop our thoughts by dealing, in turn, with each of the six specific questions Mohan raises in the ‘guidelines’ he proposes for the debate. Journal: Pages: 265-273 Issue: 76 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704314 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704314 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:76:p:265-273 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rok Ajulu Author-X-Name-First: Rok Author-X-Name-Last: Ajulu Title: Kenya's democracy experiment: the 1997 elections Journal: Pages: 275-285 Issue: 76 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704315 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704315 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:76:p:275-285 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alex Smith Author-X-Name-First: Alex Author-X-Name-Last: Smith Title: Innovation in mali Journal: Pages: 285-287 Issue: 76 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704316 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704316 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:76:p:285-287 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anita Franklin Author-X-Name-First: Anita Author-X-Name-Last: Franklin Title: 50,000 protest in UK to cancel third world debt Journal: Pages: 287-288 Issue: 76 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704317 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704317 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:76:p:287-288 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael Brown Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Brown Author-Name: Janet Bujra Author-X-Name-First: Janet Author-X-Name-Last: Bujra Title: Book reviews Journal: Pages: 289-298 Issue: 76 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704318 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704318 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:76:p:289-298 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thomas Fenton Author-X-Name-First: Thomas Author-X-Name-Last: Fenton Author-Name: Mary Heffron Author-X-Name-First: Mary Author-X-Name-Last: Heffron Title: World Views directory of organizations: Africa‐related publishers and distributors Journal: Pages: 299-312 Issue: 76 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704319 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704319 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:76:p:299-312 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Current Africana 1996 Journal: Pages: 313-399 Issue: 76 Volume: 25 Year: 1998 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249808704320 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249808704320 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:25:y:1998:i:76:p:313-399 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alexander Beresford Author-X-Name-First: Alexander Author-X-Name-Last: Beresford Title: Africa rising? Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 1-7 Issue: 147 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1149369 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1149369 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:147:p:1-7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ian Taylor Author-X-Name-First: Ian Author-X-Name-Last: Taylor Title: Dependency redux: why Africa is not rising Abstract: Whilst numerous accounts claim that the continent is on the rise, driven by high growth rates and supposed better governance and economic policies, Africa's dependent position in the global economy is being reified. This article seeks to analyse the dynamics which are accompanying a notional ‘rise’ of Africa but which are actually contributing to the continent being pushed further and further into underdevelopment and dependency. It calls into question the superficial accounts of a continent on the move or that declare that the continent has somehow turned a definitive page in its history. A ‘rise’ based on an intensification of resource extraction whilst dependency deepens, inequality increases and de-industrialisation continues apace, cannot be taken seriously. A model based on growth-for-growth's sake has replaced development and the agenda of industrialisation and moving Africa up the global production chain has been discarded. Instead, Africa's current ‘comparative advantage’ as a primary commodity exporter is celebrated and reinforced. History repeats itself. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 8-25 Issue: 147 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1084911 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1084911 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:147:p:8-25 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jon Phillips Author-X-Name-First: Jon Author-X-Name-Last: Phillips Author-Name: Elena Hailwood Author-X-Name-First: Elena Author-X-Name-Last: Hailwood Author-Name: Andrew Brooks Author-X-Name-First: Andrew Author-X-Name-Last: Brooks Title: Sovereignty, the ‘resource curse’ and the limits of good governance: a political economy of oil in Ghana Abstract: The idea of a resource curse has influenced policy makers and led to calls for good governance to avoid the pitfalls of oil sector development. Through discussion of Ghana's recent insertion into the global political economy of oil, this paper describes the limits of the resource curse framing and associated liberal institutional management approaches to the inherently political nature of oil exploration and production. The paper describes ways in which sovereignty has been exercised both in opposition to and in support of foreign capital, and the role of discourses of ‘good governance’ in structuring the material politics of resource access. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 26-42 Issue: 147 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1049520 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1049520 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:147:p:26-42 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nicole Stremlau Author-X-Name-First: Nicole Author-X-Name-Last: Stremlau Author-Name: Emanuele Fantini Author-X-Name-First: Emanuele Author-X-Name-Last: Fantini Author-Name: Ridwan M. Osman Author-X-Name-First: Ridwan M. Author-X-Name-Last: Osman Title: The political economy of the media in the Somali conflict Abstract: This article explores the political economy of the media in the context of weak formal state institutions in Somalia. Drawing on literature examining the political economy of war, the authors argue that, rather than being either a system of anarchy or a system in which journalists strive to serve normative functions of a fourth estate, the media in Somalia have their own internal logic that operates according to local norms and rules. This accounts for the media's ability to continue to grow despite the serious security concerns and the absence of strong state institutions and regulations, as well as predictable and regular revenue. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 43-57 Issue: 147 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1048795 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1048795 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:147:p:43-57 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Justin van der Merwe Author-X-Name-First: Justin Author-X-Name-Last: van der Merwe Title: An historical geographical analysis of South Africa's system of accumulation: 1652–1994 Abstract: This paper attempts to reconceptualise from an historical perspective South Africa's regional political economy. Adopting a broadly materialist approach, this paper illustrates how South Africa's relationship with the region can be understood as a system of accumulation based on what may be called a government–business–media (GBM) complex. The analysis follows a critical rewriting of South Africa's regional relations until the attainment of democracy, as seen through the concept of the GBM complex. By so doing, this paper seeks to lay the foundations for an alternative understanding of South Africa's political economy, but also aims to contribute to the literature on, and theorisation of, ‘complexes’. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 58-72 Issue: 147 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1049521 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1049521 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:147:p:58-72 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roger Southall Author-X-Name-First: Roger Author-X-Name-Last: Southall Title: The coming crisis of Zuma's ANC: the party state confronts fiscal crisis Abstract: Rising state expenditure threatens to outstrip the South African government's ability to pay. This danger is merely a symptom of and challenge to the predatory characteristics of the ‘party-state’ erected by the ruling African National Congress (ANC), notably as they are exhibited under the presidency of Jacob Zuma. The ANC government is increasingly looking to an oil and gas bonanza to avoid a ‘fiscal cliff’, while Zuma himself is driving a nuclear power future which threatens to bankrupt the economy. The latter strategy conforms to the party's greater disposition to corruption and patronage. Key parastatals have become headed by Zuma cronies; family and friends have been awarded government favour; and Zuma's personal interests intrude upon the governance of parastatals, the South African Revenue Service and the functioning of constitutionally protected agencies such as the office of the Public Protector. The Zuma government's repudiation of accountability highlights an official drift to secrecy. However, the increasing limitations of ANC economic policy combine with growing discontent in society to place the party's political hegemony at risk – but Zuma's presidency has compromised the ANC's capacity for internal reform. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 73-88 Issue: 147 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1083970 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1083970 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:147:p:73-88 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nicoli Nattrass Author-X-Name-First: Nicoli Author-X-Name-Last: Nattrass Author-Name: Jeremy Seekings Author-X-Name-First: Jeremy Author-X-Name-Last: Seekings Title: Trade unions, the state and ‘casino capitalism’ in South Africa's clothing industry Abstract: Relationships between trade unions, the state and capital in South Africa have changed dramatically, especially in the clothing sector. The clothing workers’ union became heavily dependent on its political alliances with the governing party, not only for the regulation of wages and industrial policies, but also for Black Economic Empowerment policies that helped it to acquire massive shareholdings, including in the largest clothing manufacturer. In terms of both its exposure to capitalist risk and its investments in the casino industry specifically, the union acquired a stake in ‘casino capitalism’, whilst relying on government to stack the odds in its favour. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 89-106 Issue: 147 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1085379 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1085379 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:147:p:89-106 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jean Copans Author-X-Name-First: Jean Author-X-Name-Last: Copans Author-Name: Françoise Blum Author-X-Name-First: Françoise Author-X-Name-Last: Blum Title: Amady Aly Dieng, 1932–2015: radical African nationalist, genuine Marxist, witty and free thinker Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 107-115 Issue: 147 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1155872 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1155872 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:147:p:107-115 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Malancha Chakrabarty Author-X-Name-First: Malancha Author-X-Name-Last: Chakrabarty Title: Growth of Chinese trade and investment flows in DR Congo – blessing or curse? Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 116-130 Issue: 147 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1048794 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1048794 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:147:p:116-130 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tapiwa Chagonda Author-X-Name-First: Tapiwa Author-X-Name-Last: Chagonda Title: The other face of the Zimbabwean crisis: The black market and dealers during Zimbabwe's decade of economic meltdown, 2000–2008 Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 131-141 Issue: 147 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1048793 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1048793 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:147:p:131-141 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ana Ganho Author-X-Name-First: Ana Author-X-Name-Last: Ganho Title: The murder of Gilles Cistac: Mozambique's future at a crossroads Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 142-150 Issue: 147 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1062359 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1062359 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:147:p:142-150 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Behrooz Morvaridi Author-X-Name-First: Behrooz Author-X-Name-Last: Morvaridi Title: Does sub-Saharan Africa need capitalist philanthropy to reduce poverty and achieve food security? Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 151-159 Issue: 147 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1149807 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1149807 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:147:p:151-159 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jörg Wiegratz Author-X-Name-First: Jörg Author-X-Name-Last: Wiegratz Title: The price of civilization: reawakening virtue and prosperity after the economic fall Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 160-163 Issue: 147 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1113657 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1113657 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:147:p:160-163 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John Saul Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Saul Title: In the name of the people: Angola's forgotten massacre Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 163-165 Issue: 147 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1113655 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1113655 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:147:p:163-165 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Editorial working group Journal: Pages: ebi-ebi Issue: 89 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704542 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704542 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:89:p:ebi-ebi Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lynne Brydon Author-X-Name-First: Lynne Author-X-Name-Last: Brydon Author-Name: Roy Love Author-X-Name-First: Roy Author-X-Name-Last: Love Title: The state of the union: Africa in 2001 Journal: Pages: 319-322 Issue: 89 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704543 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704543 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:89:p:319-322 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gregory White Author-X-Name-First: Gregory Author-X-Name-Last: White Author-Name: Scott Taylor Author-X-Name-First: Scott Author-X-Name-Last: Taylor Title: Well‐oiled regimes: oil & uncertain transitions in Algeria & Nigeria Abstract: Oil has had a profound impact on countries engaged in transitions to democracy, often undermining the commitment of both local and external actors to democratization. Two African countries, Algeria and Nigeria, demonstrate how oil distorts the domestic regime structure and conditions the nature of international linkages. Key actors in the international arena ‐notably, former colonial powers, international financial institutions and transnational corporations — are inclined to support undemocratic, military regimes that supply oil, while simultaneously offering only rhetorical support for ongoing transitions. Paradoxically, despite the critical role played by international actors in sustaining undemocratic regimes, and their compromising effect on domestic affairs, the international norm of sovereignty is deployed to rationalise non‐intervention in domestic political affairs of the country. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 323-344 Issue: 89 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704544 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704544 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:89:p:323-344 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dan Connell Author-X-Name-First: Dan Author-X-Name-Last: Connell Title: Inside the EPLF: the origins of the people's party’ & its role in the liberation of Eritrea Abstract: At the third congress of the Eritrean People's Liberation Front in February 1994, delegates voted to transform the 95,000‐person organisation into a mass political movement, the People's Front for Democracy and Justice (PFDJ). The congress gave the PFDJ a transitional mandate to draw the general population into the political process and to prepare the country for constitutional democracy over the next four years. Near the close of the three‐day conference, Isaias Afwerki, the country's acting president, surprised many of those present with an announcement that a clandestine marxist political party had guided the Front for almost 20 years and that it had been disbanded in 1989, shortly before the end of the independence war. Since then, however, there has been little public discussion of the historical role of the party or its legacy. Drawing on interviews with key participants, this paper explores the origins of what was known as the Eritrean People's Revolutionary Party and its impact on the liberation struggle during the nearly two decades of its clandestine existence. Questions I address include: How, why and by whom was the party formed? How did it function in relation to the Front as a whole? How did this change from the 1970s to the 1980s? And why was the decision taken to disband the party in 1989? Still to be examined is the party's legacy in the post‐liberation era and how its political culture and mode of operation shapes the contemporary political landscape. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 345-364 Issue: 89 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704545 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704545 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:89:p:345-364 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andy Storey Author-X-Name-First: Andy Author-X-Name-Last: Storey Title: Structural adjustment, state power & genocide: the World Bank & Rwanda Abstract: The Rwandan genocide of 1994 has been partly attributed by some commentators to state weakness or collapse, and the weakness or collapse has in turn been partly attributed to the policies of the World Bank and the IMF. Neither argument is valid, and to advance them is to misunderstand the extent to which state power is a persistent and potent force in Africa and elsewhere, and also the extent to which the World Bank and IMF buttress that power (despite their own rhetoric of ‘rolling back’ the state). The first section of this article outlines the centrality of state power to an analysis of Rwanda in general and of the preparations for genocide in particular, while the following section demonstrates how the World Bank lent material and discursive support to a repressive and ultimately genocidal state apparatus. The concluding section offers some explanation of why the World Bank adopts such policies. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 365-385 Issue: 89 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704546 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704546 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:89:p:365-385 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Graham Harrison Author-X-Name-First: Graham Author-X-Name-Last: Harrison Title: Bringing political struggle back in: African politics, power & resistance Abstract: This article will investigate the enduring importance of political struggle as a key notion in the understanding of contemporary African politics. It does so with an awareness that this notion has fallen out of academic favour. This article sketches an approach that gives a key role to political struggle in processes of political change in sub‐Saharan Africa. In doing so, African political economies are seen as necessarily contested and therefore there is a need (to re‐work the phrase of the new statists/institutionalists) to consider bringing struggle back in to the analytical frame. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 387-402 Issue: 89 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704547 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704547 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:89:p:387-402 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Suzanne Dansereau Author-X-Name-First: Suzanne Author-X-Name-Last: Dansereau Title: Zimbabwe: labour's options within the movement for democratic change Abstract: The article sets out to understand the option for labour represented by the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC), a movement made up of a wide cross section of groups opposing ZANU‐PFs twenty‐one year hold on power, with key leadership coming from the labour movement. The article seeks to understand the nature and potential for change embodied in the MDC given its alliance with groups from below, often labelled civil society or new social movement. It documents labour's radicalisation, moving from the shop floor into broader political action and alliance‐building and eventually into a direct partisan challenge for political power in the 2000 parliamentary elections. It analyses MDC policies, finding a seemingly contradictory emphasis on participation and social democracy, alongside the proposals for a mixed economy involving international donors and investors, with a moderate state role whose objective is to create employment and alleviate poverty. These policies reflect the loose alliance making up the MDC, ranging from citizen, labour and human rights groups, with some commercial farmers and industrialists. The challenge is to maintain support from the various interests within this common front as it consolidates itself into a party, capable of putting forward a national project. This requires a struggle between competing interests, and it is labour's actions within this struggle and its outcome that will ultimately define labour's options within this new grouping. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 403-414 Issue: 89 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704548 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704548 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:89:p:403-414 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Patrick Bond Author-X-Name-First: Patrick Author-X-Name-Last: Bond Title: South Africa's agenda in 21century global governance Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 415-428 Issue: 89 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704549 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704549 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:89:p:415-428 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John Saul Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Saul Title: Cry for the beloved country: the post‐apartheid denouement Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 429-460 Issue: 89 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704550 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704550 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:89:p:429-460 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Caroline Ifeka Author-X-Name-First: Caroline Author-X-Name-Last: Ifeka Title: Playing civil society tunes: corruption & misunderstanding Nigeria's ‘real’ political institutions Journal: Pages: 461-465 Issue: 89 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704551 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704551 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:89:p:461-465 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Pallister Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Pallister Author-Name: Jamie Wilson Author-X-Name-First: Jamie Author-X-Name-Last: Wilson Author-Name: Ed Harriman Author-X-Name-First: Ed Author-X-Name-Last: Harriman Title: Money laundering: the Nigeria connection Journal: Pages: 466-467 Issue: 89 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704552 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704552 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:89:p:466-467 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: George Monbiot Author-X-Name-First: George Author-X-Name-Last: Monbiot Title: Economic justice / market forces Journal: Pages: 467-470 Issue: 89 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704553 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704553 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:89:p:467-470 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lionel Cliffe Author-X-Name-First: Lionel Author-X-Name-Last: Cliffe Title: Five decades of liberation & revolution: the life of comrade Abdulrahman Mohamed Babu Journal: Pages: 470-471 Issue: 89 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704554 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704554 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:89:p:470-471 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andre Sage Author-X-Name-First: Andre Author-X-Name-Last: Sage Title: Prospects for al itihad & islamist radicalism in Somalia Journal: Pages: 472-477 Issue: 89 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704555 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704555 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:89:p:472-477 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Eritrea in crisis Journal: Pages: 477-477 Issue: 89 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704556 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704556 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:89:p:477-477 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alice Kwaramba Author-X-Name-First: Alice Author-X-Name-Last: Kwaramba Title: Engendering management of water resources in Southern Africa Journal: Pages: 478-479 Issue: 89 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704557 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704557 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:89:p:478-479 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Saskia Hoyweghen Author-X-Name-First: Saskia Author-X-Name-Last: Hoyweghen Title: Book reviews Abstract: Mahmood Mamdani, 2001, When Victims Become Killers. Colonialism, Nativism and the Genocide in Rwanda,Princeton New Jersey, Princeton University Press/Oxford, James Curry. Journal: Pages: 481-483 Issue: 89 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704558 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704558 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:89:p:481-483 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Books received Journal: Pages: 483-484 Issue: 89 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704559 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704559 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:89:p:483-484 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Editorial working group Journal: Pages: ebi-ebi Issue: 85 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704470 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704470 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:85:p:ebi-ebi Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Morris Szeftel Author-X-Name-First: Morris Author-X-Name-Last: Szeftel Title: Editorial: globalisation & African responses Journal: Pages: 353-356 Issue: 85 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704471 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704471 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:85:p:353-356 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John Craig Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Craig Title: Evaluating privatisation in Zambia: a tale of two processes Abstract: The programme of state enterprise privatisation pursued by the Zambian government since 1992 has been subject to a number of conflicting evaluations. For some it is a model programme, ‘the most successful in Africa’ (Campbell White and Bhatia, 1998), which stands as an example to other developing countries. For others, it is a deeply flawed experience which allowed for the corrupt acquisition of assets by those linked to the ruling party. This paper argues that these conflicting evaluations are the result of two underlying processes which reflected the political and economic environment in which the policy was implemented. This required the Zambian government to balance, on the one hand, the demands of northern donors and the Bretton Woods institutions that international capital should be provided with an attractive and secure environment for investment and, on the other hand, those in the ruling party's domestic constituency who regarded privatisation as an opportunity for personal accumulation. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 357-366 Issue: 85 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704472 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704472 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:85:p:357-366 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: William Brown Author-X-Name-First: William Author-X-Name-Last: Brown Title: Restructuring north‐south relations: ACP‐EU development co‐operation in a liberal international order Abstract: This article will examine the character of relations between the European Union and African, Caribbean and Pacific countries in the wake of the new EU‐ACP Partnership Agreement, signed in June 2000, and which replaces the longstanding Lomé Convention. The article views development cooperation as encapsulating particular political and economic relationships rather than constituting some kind of technical or apolitical endeavour. The origins of EU‐ACP co‐operation are placed within the specific context of decolonisation and the rise of a new form of inter‐state relations between North and South. However, the nature of North‐South co‐operation has been transformed in the period since the 1970s when Lomé was first signed. Consequently the new agreement (and the prior changes to the Lomé Convention) need to be understood in the context of the wider restructuring and liberalisation of North‐South relations. This has led to far‐reaching changes to both the aid and trade elements of European Union‐Africa relations. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 367-383 Issue: 85 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704473 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704473 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:85:p:367-383 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Alexander Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Alexander Title: Zimbabwean workers, the MDC & the 2000 election Abstract: For the first time since Zimbabwe gained its independence in 1980, the country's president, Robert Mugabe, faces serious opposition. In the elections, held in June, the worker‐backed Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) won 57 out of 120 elected seats, with Mugabe's party, the Zimbabwe African National Union — Patriotic Front (ZANU‐PF) securing 62 (Endnote 1). The MDC's successes included all 27 contests in the three most populous urban areas (Harare, Bulawayo and Chitungwiza), and all the fully urbanised constituencies in the next six largest centres. There can be little doubt that, had the election been free and fair (which, clearly, it was not), the MDC would have won more constituencies than ZANU‐PF; though, since the president had the power to appoint an additional 30 MPs, one can be less certain that it would have obtained an overall parliamentary majority. Since the party had only existed for 16 months, this was a remarkable achievement, and in 2002, when Zimbabwe holds its presidential election, the MDC's leader, Morgan Tsvangirai, will be well placed to mount a victorious campaign. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 385-406 Issue: 85 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704474 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704474 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:85:p:385-406 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jêdrzej Frynas Author-X-Name-First: Jêdrzej Author-X-Name-Last: Frynas Author-Name: Matthias Beck Author-X-Name-First: Matthias Author-X-Name-Last: Beck Author-Name: Kamel Mellahi Author-X-Name-First: Kamel Author-X-Name-Last: Mellahi Title: Maintaining corporate dominance after decolonization: the ‘first mover advantage’ of Shell‐BP in Nigeria Abstract: Nigeria's oil industry came into being during colonial rule. Preferential treatment by British colonial authorities had given a British oil company — Shell — a virtual monopoly over oil exploration in the country and Shell has remained the dominant oil company in Nigeria. While there is substantial evidence to suggest that Shell‐BP established its dominant position in Nigeria with the support of British colonial officials, it was by no means clear that Shell would be able to maintain this advantageous position. Indeed, the historical record shows that both the Nigerian government and a number of competitors posed a potential threat to Shell's dominant position. The purpose of this article is to answer the question why Shell was able to maintain a position of dominance in Nigeria. It examines Nigeria's diversification and nationalisation policies from the late 1950s to‐date with the view of identifying the factors which allowed Shell to maintain its position vis‐à‐vis potential competitors. This investigation is based on the analysis of secondary sources as well as documents from the Public Record Office (PRO) in London and the BP Archive. In order to explain Shell's dominance in Nigeria, the article proposes to utilise the concept of a ‘first mover advantage’. On the most basic level, this concept suggests that pioneering firms are able to obtain positive economic profits as the consequence of early market entry, that means, profits in excess of the cost of capital. The article concludes that a micro‐theoretical analysis based on the idea of a ‘first mover advantage’, which explores the position of individual corporate entities within a political economy framework, provides a superior explanation of Shell's dominance in Nigeria as compared to conventional macro‐theoretical structuralist approaches. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 407-425 Issue: 85 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704475 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704475 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:85:p:407-425 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Morris Szeftel Author-X-Name-First: Morris Author-X-Name-Last: Szeftel Title: Clientelism, corruption & catastrophe Abstract: In the previous issue of this journal (ROAPE 84), the author argued that international anti‐corruption efforts created conflicts between aid donors and African debtor governments because they attacked the ability of local interests to control and appropriate state resources. The control of corruption is an essential element in the legitimation of liberal democracy and in the promotion of global markets. However, it also threatens the local accumulation of wealth and property (dependent as it is on access to the state) in post‐colonial Africa. This article explores another dimension of this problem, namely the way in which clientelist forms of political mobilisation have promoted corruption and intensified crisis. Clientelism has been a key mechanism through which political interests have built the electoral support necessary to ensure access to the state's resources. In turn, it has shaped a politics of factional competition over power and resources, a politics obsessed with the division of the political spoils. The article argues that this process is not unique to Africa. What is different, however, is that factional conflict and its attendant corruption have had such devastating consequences. This reflects the particular forms which clientelism has taken on the continent. There is a need, it concludes, to find ways to shift African politics towards issues of social justice and government performance and away from a concern with a division of the state's resources. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 427-441 Issue: 85 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704476 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704476 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:85:p:427-441 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Norma Krieger Author-X-Name-First: Norma Author-X-Name-Last: Krieger Title: Zimbabwe today: hope against grim realities Abstract: Zimbabwe's ruling party received the most serious challenge to its twenty year rule when a nine‐month old opposition party won almost 50% of the contested seats in the recent June 2000 parliamentary election. This update identifies the key contestants, their major electoral issues, their campaign strategies, and their electoral fortunes. It concludes with an attempt to make sense of current dynamics and possibilities. Most urgently, will the ruling party respond to the pressures of a new strong opposition to adhere to the rule of law or will it take the country further along the path of anarchy? Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 443-450 Issue: 85 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704477 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704477 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:85:p:443-450 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Caroline Ifeka Author-X-Name-First: Caroline Author-X-Name-Last: Ifeka Title: Ethnic ‘nationalities’, God & the state: Whither the federal republic of Nigeria? Abstract: There is a continuing contradiction between the state as the corporate representation of Nigerian society and sectional (ethno‐religious) interests struggling to counter perceived margin‐alisation by revenue ‘sharing’ among patrons and clients (Joseph, 1987). Power elites in command of the centre identify with the state and proclaim its indivisible ‘unitary’ character; poly‐ethnic labour activists believe in the Federal Republic but criticise their exclusion from state power by a mege‐rich elite (Ojewale, 2000). Other (southern) leaders are so dissatisfied with the unitary Nigerian state that they are campaigning for a confederation of ethnic ‘nationalities’ or secession into independent republics. As well, certain northern leaders are emphasising the Islamic identity of the Hausa‐Fulani ‘nationality’ by substituting Shari'a law for the criminal code so some people believe core northern states are engaging in covert religio‐legal secession (Soyinka, 2000). The state and ethno‐religious sectionalism thus continue to interact, power elite networking and patronage ensuring that each party to the contradiction reproduces politically unitary and divisive forces in changing constellations, rendering uncertain indeed the outcome of present empowerment struggles. In this Briefing Caroline Ifeka explores current conflicts. She identifies historical constants in political relations between the state and ethno‐religious ‘nationalities’ and highlights those that are crumbling. As conflicts intensify the (unitary) viewpoints of certain power elites, reported daily in the print and visual media, become more strident. Ifeka compares these with the sectional perspectives of the struggling masses she encounters in tropical high forest villages, in vigilante meetings, and in guest houses in downtown city quarters. She asks: do current crises and discourses of ‘marginalisation’ constitute a penultimate phase in the history of a state born and governed through violence, and nurtured in mystifying discourses of ‘faith and unity'? Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 450-459 Issue: 85 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704478 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704478 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:85:p:450-459 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Seddon Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Seddon Title: Britain and western sahara: examining the debate Abstract: Over the last six months, the British Government has come under sustained pressure from MPs and Lords urging them to implement the UN Appeal Agreements. We estimate that a 100 MPs have written to the Government, either because of all the constituents' letters (your letters) or because they share the concerns of the Campaign. This shows how much concern there is in Parliament for the Saharawis. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 459-462 Issue: 85 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704479 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704479 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:85:p:459-462 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sarah Bracking Author-X-Name-First: Sarah Author-X-Name-Last: Bracking Title: The Kenya SAREAT international IDEA democracy workshop Abstract: The report of the Nairobi workshop on 22 June 2000 which follows forms part of a pilot project of democracy assessments conducted under the auspices of the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA) in Stockholm, and its Director of applied research, Dr. Patrick Molutsi. The purpose of these country assessments is to answer such questions as 'How democratic are we? How much progress have we made? Which are the issues that give the most cause for public concern, from a democratic point of view? The assessment framework being used has been developed through a process of widespread international consultation, and builds on a methodology that was first used for the Democratic Audit of the UK. The assessment criteria are derived in the first instance from basic democratic values, such as equality, participation, representativeness, accountability, solidarity, and only secondarily from the institutional arrangements through which these values are to a greater or lesser extent realised. Although the assessment framework provides a common instrument for use in any country, it treats democracy as a comparative matter - of more or less -and allows the in-country assessors to define for themselves what the appropriate standards or comparators for assessment should be, as well as how the assessment should be compiled and presented. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 462-468 Issue: 85 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704480 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704480 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:85:p:462-468 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Graham Harrison Author-X-Name-First: Graham Author-X-Name-Last: Harrison Author-Name: Paul Burkett Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Burkett Title: Book reviews Abstract: Uneven Zimbabwe: A Study of Finance, Development and Underdevelopmentby Patrick Bond, Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 1998. pp. xxviii, 515. ISBN 0–86543–539–1, Paperback ($24.95). Journal: Pages: 469-475 Issue: 85 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704481 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704481 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:85:p:469-475 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roy Love Author-X-Name-First: Roy Author-X-Name-Last: Love Author-Name: Ray Bush Author-X-Name-First: Ray Author-X-Name-Last: Bush Author-Name: Morris Szeftel Author-X-Name-First: Morris Author-X-Name-Last: Szeftel Title: Book notes Abstract: Policing Africa: Internal Security and the Limits of Liberalization(2000), by Alice Hills, Lynne Reinner. Conflict and Growth in Africa,Volume 1: The Sahel,Volume 2: Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda,Volume 3: Southern Africa(1999), by Jean Paul Azam et al., Development Centre Studies, OECD, Paris. An Introduction to African Politics(2000), by Alex Thomson, Routledge. Identity Transformation and Identity Politics under Structural Adjustment in Nigeria(2000), by Attahiru Jega (ed.), Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, Uppsala and Centre for Research and Documentation, Kano. Africa in the Global Economy(2000), Richard E Mshomba, Lynne Reinner. Adjustment, Employment and Missing Institutions in Africa: The Experience in Eastern and Southern Africa(1999), W Van der Geest and R Van der Hoeven, International Labour Office, Geneva; James Currey, Oxford. Journal: Pages: 476-478 Issue: 85 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704482 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704482 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:85:p:476-478 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Editorial working group Journal: Pages: ebi-ebi Issue: 91 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704579 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704579 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:91:p:ebi-ebi Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ray Bush Author-X-Name-First: Ray Author-X-Name-Last: Bush Author-Name: Morris Szeftel Author-X-Name-First: Morris Author-X-Name-Last: Szeftel Title: Sovereignty, democracy & Zimbabwe's tragedy Journal: Pages: 5-20 Issue: 91 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704580 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704580 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:91:p:5-20 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lloyd Sachikonye Author-X-Name-First: Lloyd Author-X-Name-Last: Sachikonye Title: Whither Zimbabwe? crisis & democratisation Abstract: When it attained its independence in 1980, there were high hopes expressed for Zimbabwe's political and economic future. It was amongst the top four more industrialized countries in Sub‐Saharan Africa; it possessed a more diversified economy than most countries; and it had a better human resource base than most; and it had a middle‐income status. Comparatively speaking, therefore, Zimbabwe had better prospects of making a head start in economic and political development than most countries on the continent. For some years, especially in its first decade of independence, it appeared to live up to some of these expectations. There were considerable investments in social development (characterised by a massive expansion in the education and social sectors); the economy itself grew; and it quickly became the regional breadbasket. Furthermore, the country was an oasis of stability in a region then mired in turmoil from Angola to Mozambique, and in liberation struggles from Namibia to South Africa. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 13-20 Issue: 91 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704581 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704581 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:91:p:13-20 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maha Rahman Author-X-Name-First: Maha Author-X-Name-Last: Rahman Title: The politics of ‘uncivil’ society in Egypt Abstract: This article investigates the concept of civil society. It argues that the recent celebration of the concept as the domain of freedom and justice and as a panacea for the ills of state‐led development models has underestimated its inherent weaknesses and limitations. The portrayal of the concept in both academic and policy circles is often based on ideological convictions and uncritical adulation rather than empirical evidence and rigorous analysis. Tracing the historical development of the concept, the article provides an alternative view of the conflictual, often reactionary nature of civil society organisations. The Egyptian case offers empirical demonstration of how the state is no longer the prime authoritarian force in repressing civil society organisation. Instead, civil society has become an arena for political conflict and its organisations have been seized by representatives of contending political programmes that often resort to violence and repression to suppress other groups within civil society. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 21-35 Issue: 91 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704582 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704582 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:91:p:21-35 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Judy El‐Bushra Author-X-Name-First: Judy Author-X-Name-Last: El‐Bushra Author-Name: Chris Dolan Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Dolan Title: Don't touch, just listen! popular performance from Uganda Abstract: The power of ‘indigenous performance forms’ to mobilise popular energy and enthusiasm has led politicians, political activists and non‐government agencies in Africa and elsewhere to see them both as a threat and an opportunity. This article examines some of the ways in which ‘external’ actors have sought to harness ‐ and in the process either reinforce, redirect, or indeed at times to neutralise ‐ the power of popular expression. The first section examines the importance of indigenous performance in charting people's history and reflecting popular world views, and then identifies some of the ways in which governments, political activists and NGOs have appropriated it for their programmes. The second section presents examples from Uganda, which exemplify some of the issues around the use of popular forms of expression in the service of external agendas. In the discussion and conclusions we take issue with the concept of ‘indigenous performance’, and warn against assuming that ‘indigenous performances’ are automatically authentic in what they have to say. We also argue that the subversive elements of ‘indigenous performance’ are likely to be highly resilient to such manipulation. Just as external actors may abuse the form by imposing a foreign content, so local actors may play with an apparently innocuous form to transmit critical messages ‐ to a limited range of peers. In the light of these discussions, the pros and cons of politicians and NGOs using indigenous performance forms as a development communication strategy are assessed. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 37-52 Issue: 91 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704583 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704583 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:91:p:37-52 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joseph Hanlon Author-X-Name-First: Joseph Author-X-Name-Last: Hanlon Title: Bank corruption becomes site of struggle in Mozambique Abstract: Three people have been murdered for investigating corruption in the Mozambican banking system and the loss of more than $400 million. All countries use banks politically, and in Mozambique, the banks were first used to build socialism, then to keep the country running during the war, and finally in the new capitalist era to promote local entrepreneurs and keep the economy out of foreign hands. But the nature of socialist banking and the process of transition combined to create the conditions under which powerful individuals could use the banking system for accumulation. But this has been contested, and there is an ongoing struggle within the elite between those groups which back what Peter Evans calls the ‘predatory’ and ‘developmental’ states. The recent murders suggest this contest is becoming more acute. Finally, we note that a key role has been played by the international financial institutions, which in their doctrinaire opposition to any serious role for the state chose to back the predatory state faction. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 53-72 Issue: 91 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704584 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704584 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:91:p:53-72 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mohamud Khalif Author-X-Name-First: Mohamud Author-X-Name-Last: Khalif Author-Name: Martin Doornbos Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Doornbos Title: The Somali region in ethiopia: a neglected human rights tragedy Abstract: This article reviews Ethiopia's human rights record with a particular focus on the human rights situation in the Somali region. Attention is paid to the atrocities committed against civilians, specifically community and political leaders as well as members of the Somali State legislature. Furthermore, the 2000 famine is discussed as a human rights issue in the light of indications that this famine was deliberately choreographed. The article also explores human rights violations inflicted upon the Somali region's population following the discovery of natural gas and the denial of benefits thereof to the local community. In conclusion some future scenarios are examined to ascertain to what extent they might possibly change the prospects for the people in the Somali region. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 73-94 Issue: 91 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704585 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704585 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:91:p:73-94 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Gibbon Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Gibbon Title: Present‐day capitalism, the new international trade regime & Africa Abstract: This article contributes to the analysis of the effects of globalisation on Africa's economy, on the basis of discussions of emerging trends in the industrial organisation of present‐day capitalism, and in the nature of the international trade regime emerging from the Uruguay Round. On this basis, recent and current developments in the Africa clothing and horticulture sectors are described. The paper argues that certain aspects of the current international trade regime provide scope for Africa to play a heightened role in the global economy in the these two sectors. However, the emergence of the global ‘contract manufacturing’ phenomenon, and the institutionalisation of process‐based food safety standards, implies that the main winners in this scenario will be large‐scale transnational enterprises. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 95-112 Issue: 91 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704586 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704586 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:91:p:95-112 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joseph Hanlon Author-X-Name-First: Joseph Author-X-Name-Last: Hanlon Title: Debate intensifies over adjustment & press freedom in Mozambique Abstract: A criminal slander action brought by the son of the president of Mozambique against a journalist and the children of an assassinated editor have brought to the surface debates on race, development strategy and the role of the press. These are taking place in the shadow of Zimbabwe and in the context of international donors wanting to give more money to Mozambique because it is seen as a success story of World Bank and IMF policies. Journal: Pages: 113-116 Issue: 91 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704587 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704587 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:91:p:113-116 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lionel Cliffe Author-X-Name-First: Lionel Author-X-Name-Last: Cliffe Title: Basil Davidson: the Portuguese revolution & Africa Journal: Pages: 117-119 Issue: 91 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704588 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704588 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:91:p:117-119 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martin Plaut Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Plaut Title: The birth of the Eritrean reform movement Journal: Pages: 119-124 Issue: 91 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704589 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704589 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:91:p:119-124 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lionel Cliffe Author-X-Name-First: Lionel Author-X-Name-Last: Cliffe Title: Peace in the horn of Africa Journal: Pages: 124-127 Issue: 91 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704590 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704590 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:91:p:124-127 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Victoria Brittain Author-X-Name-First: Victoria Author-X-Name-Last: Brittain Title: Jonas Savimbi, 1934–2002 Journal: Pages: 128-130 Issue: 91 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704591 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704591 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:91:p:128-130 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paul Robson Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Robson Title: Angola after Savimbi Journal: Pages: 130-132 Issue: 91 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704592 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704592 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:91:p:130-132 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andre Le Sage Author-X-Name-First: Andre Author-X-Name-Last: Le Sage Title: Somalia: Sovereign disguise for a Mogadishu Mafia Journal: Pages: 132-138 Issue: 91 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704593 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704593 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:91:p:132-138 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hilary Burns Author-X-Name-First: Hilary Author-X-Name-Last: Burns Title: Barney Simon & the theatre of struggle Journal: Pages: 138-143 Issue: 91 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704594 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704594 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:91:p:138-143 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Book reviews Abstract: The final list of 100 titles selected by the panel of judges for the Africa's 100 Best Books of the 20th Centuryawards was announced on 18 February in Ghana. The announcement by the chair of the panel of judges, Professor Njabulo Ndebele, follows. You can view the full list of 100 titles on the website of the Zimbabwe International Book Fair www.zibf.org Journal: Pages: 145-148 Issue: 91 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704595 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704595 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:91:p:145-148 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Books received Journal: Pages: 148-149 Issue: 91 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704596 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704596 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:91:p:148-149 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Meredeth Turshen Author-X-Name-First: Meredeth Author-X-Name-Last: Turshen Title: Introduction Abstract: The following document is reprinted with the permission of our ACAS colleagues in the US (see their web site at http://acas.prairenet.org/). ACAS has chosen to address the role of western oil companies in Africa in order to see if activists running campaigns in the US, Africa and Europe could together develop a more robust position on oil, development, human rights and the environment. Our aim is to share analyses, strategies and tactics and to help other groups make oil a focus of their work in these four years of the US oil presidency. This issue of the Bulletin will, we hope, open a vigorous debate about oil and energy alternatives, about extractive industries and development, as well as about globalization and the looting of Africa's other resources, including biodiversity. Journal: Pages: 151-153 Issue: 91 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704597 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704597 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:91:p:151-153 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael Fleshman Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Fleshman Title: The international community & the crisis in Nigeria's oil producing communities Journal: Pages: 153-163 Issue: 91 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704598 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704598 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:91:p:153-163 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Okechukwu Ibeanu Author-X-Name-First: Okechukwu Author-X-Name-Last: Ibeanu Title: Janus Unbound: petrobusiness & petropolitics in the Niger Delta Journal: Pages: 163-167 Issue: 91 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704599 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704599 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:91:p:163-167 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eric Reeves Author-X-Name-First: Eric Author-X-Name-Last: Reeves Title: Oil development in Sudan Journal: Pages: 167-169 Issue: 91 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704600 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704600 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:91:p:167-169 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Delphine Djiraibe Author-X-Name-First: Delphine Author-X-Name-Last: Djiraibe Title: Chad oil: why develop it? Journal: Pages: 170-173 Issue: 91 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704601 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704601 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:91:p:170-173 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Korinna Horta Author-X-Name-First: Korinna Author-X-Name-Last: Horta Title: NGO efforts in Africa's largest oil project Journal: Pages: 173-177 Issue: 91 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704602 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704602 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:91:p:173-177 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ian Gary Author-X-Name-First: Ian Author-X-Name-Last: Gary Title: Africa's Churches wake up to oil's problems & possibilities Journal: Pages: 177-183 Issue: 91 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704603 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704603 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:91:p:177-183 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Meredeth Turshen Author-X-Name-First: Meredeth Author-X-Name-Last: Turshen Title: Algerian oil & gas Journal: Pages: 184-186 Issue: 91 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704604 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704604 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:91:p:184-186 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Oilwatch Africa, general assembly communiqué Journal: Pages: 186-187 Issue: 91 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704605 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704605 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:91:p:186-187 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: George Caffentzis Author-X-Name-First: George Author-X-Name-Last: Caffentzis Title: Oil, Islam & September 11: an essay addressed to the anti‐globalization movement Journal: Pages: 187-198 Issue: 91 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704606 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704606 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:91:p:187-198 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Meredeth Turshen Author-X-Name-First: Meredeth Author-X-Name-Last: Turshen Title: Algeria: contested & embattled Abstract: A decade of violence and news of bloody massacres have replaced the positive images of Algeria ‐ the FLN's successful fight to liberate the country from French colonialism, which was captured for many of us in Pontecorvo's film, The Battle of Algiers; the pioneering writings of Frantz Fanon based on his Algerian experience; and Algeria's leadership (with Cuba) of the Group of 77, which launched the New International Economic Order in 1974 and called for self‐reliant national development grounded in a strategy of collective Third World action. Journal: Pages: 198-200 Issue: 91 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704607 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704607 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:91:p:198-200 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gavin Capps Author-X-Name-First: Gavin Author-X-Name-Last: Capps Title: Labour in the time of platinum Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 497-507 Issue: 146 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1108747 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1108747 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:146:p:497-507 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kally Forrest Author-X-Name-First: Kally Author-X-Name-Last: Forrest Title: Rustenburg's labour recruitment regime: shifts and new meanings Abstract: In South Africa's democracy, the dismantling of the apartheid low-wage migrant labour system has been a stated goal of the state and trade unions. Through an investigation of the recruitment regime on the Rustenburg platinum belt, this article demonstrates how mine managements have responded to the goal of guaranteeing a continued supply of cheap and plentiful labour, how it has manipulated the unionised labour market, how it has ensured labour's consent in its project and how this has impacted on workers. Using Michael Burawoy's (1983) conceptual distinction between ‘despotic’ and ‘hegemonic’ labour regimes which embraces the idea of the politics of production, the article demonstrates how migrant labour recruitment patterns contain continuities, but have also fractured under the impact of neoliberal flexible labour patterns, the state's transformational laws which particularly impact on non-South African labour, and the local labour market characterised by deep structural unemployment. Workers have in some measure benefited from changed recruitment patterns, but for many it has rendered their position increasingly precarious and has simultaneously segmented the solidarity of labour, resulting in some segments of mine labour belonging to the new democratic dispensation more than others. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 508-525 Issue: 146 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1085850 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1085850 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:146:p:508-525 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andries Bezuidenhout Author-X-Name-First: Andries Author-X-Name-Last: Bezuidenhout Author-Name: Sakhela Buhlungu Author-X-Name-First: Sakhela Author-X-Name-Last: Buhlungu Title: Enclave Rustenburg: platinum mining and the post-apartheid social order Abstract: In the absence of a levelling out of income and resources, as well as arbitrary violence in everyday life, the post-apartheid social order is characterised by the formation of various enclaves. In the platinum mining town of Rustenburg, these enclaves are constructed on the foundations of the apartheid categories ‘suburb’, ‘compound’, ‘township’ and ‘homeland’. Such enclaves include security villages, converted compounds with access control, and informal settlements with distinctive gender, linguistic and class formations. The article draws on David Harvey's formulation of absolute, relative and relational space and the case of Rustenburg to elaborate the concept of enclave further. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 526-544 Issue: 146 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1087395 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1087395 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:146:p:526-544 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Asanda Benya Author-X-Name-First: Asanda Author-X-Name-Last: Benya Title: The invisible hands: women in Marikana Abstract: When we think of Marikana we think of the infamous event that took place on 16 August 2012, leading to the death of 34 striking miners. Scholarly analysis takes this further than the event to broader labour–capital relations. While useful, the examination of Marikana through this lens tends to privilege the production sphere and lends itself mainly to the exploration of the workplace; the workers, their employers and the union. In this article, the author argues that exclusive reliance on this lens is inadequate and inevitably results in many silences, one of which is the silencing of the reproduction sphere and, by extension, women. To fully understand Marikana the event, one has to understand Marikana the location, and hence realities and conditions on the ground. Such an analysis of Marikana is not only useful because it sheds light on the reproduction space, but also because it allows us to look at women who are usually ignored when talking about mines. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 545-560 Issue: 146 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1087394 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1087394 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:146:p:545-560 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. Dunbar Moodie Author-X-Name-First: T. Author-X-Name-Last: Dunbar Moodie Title: ‘Igneous’ means fire from below: the tumultuous history of the National Union of Mineworkers on the South African platinum mines Abstract: From the time Impala dismissed its entire workforce in 1986 up to and well beyond the Marikana massacre, the National Union of Mineworkers has struggled to organise the platinum mines of the Bushveld Igneous Complex. This article focuses on two case studies that highlight the fundamental importance of informal networks for organising mine workers. While the union now seems seriously at risk, it has never had an easy time in Rustenburg. Worker committees are not a new phenomenon there. Nor is insurgency. Mineworkers in South Africa, like mineworkers worldwide, have never been passive recipients of direction from above. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 561-576 Issue: 146 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1088432 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1088432 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:146:p:561-576 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Crispen Chinguno Author-X-Name-First: Crispen Author-X-Name-Last: Chinguno Title: The unmaking and remaking of industrial relations: the case of Impala Platinum and the 2012–2013 platinum strike wave Abstract: This article reviews a form of corporatism, underpinned by the institutionalisation of industrial relations as a means of attaining order post-apartheid. Drawing from the experience of Impala Platinum, it examines why an industrial relations system may become inadequate, generating insurgent unionism. The article shows how corporatism comes with a cost, undermining trade union internal democracy and alienating it from the shop floor. The article argues that the institutionalisation of industrial relations is not fixed but precarious and is continuously being reconfigured, generating new forms of conflict and solidarity. Moreover, it crystallises a particular balance of organisational and institutional power that may be configured into various forms. Ultimately, the crisis of the National Union of Mineworkers presented in this case study highlights the crisis of the corporatist social contract that constitutes the basis of post-apartheid order. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 577-590 Issue: 146 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1087396 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1087396 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:146:p:577-590 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luke Sinwell Author-X-Name-First: Luke Author-X-Name-Last: Sinwell Title: ‘AMCU by day, workers’ committee by night’: Insurgent Trade Unionism at Anglo Platinum (Amplats) mine, 2012–2014 Abstract: This article investigates the relationship between the workers’ committee, the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) and the Association of Mineworkers and Construction Union (AMCU) at Amplats between 2012 and 2014. Drawing from in-depth interviews with worker leaders, it explores the contestation over representation and recognition in the platinum mines during a time when workers waged historic strikes putting forward radical demands for pay increases. There has been a rocky transition (one that is incomplete) from the values and culture of the workers’ committee at Amplats to that of the union – AMCU. Gouldner's critique of Michels’ classic ‘Iron Law of Oligarchy’ provides a useful starting point from which to understand this transition as well as the contemporary mineworkers’ movement in South Africa more generally. Gouldner suggested that Michels ignored democratic impulses thereby putting forth a model which was monolithic and static rather than socially constructed and contextually specific. The article advances the concept of Insurgent Trade Unionism in order to argue that when the rank and file takes on an insurgent character, the trade union's bureaucratic or official power (at the national, regional and branch level) becomes marginal, but only relatively so in this case, as the events reveal. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 591-605 Issue: 146 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1086325 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1086325 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:146:p:591-605 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gavin Capps Author-X-Name-First: Gavin Author-X-Name-Last: Capps Author-Name: Sonwabile Mnwana Author-X-Name-First: Sonwabile Author-X-Name-Last: Mnwana Title: Claims from below: platinum and the politics of land in the Bakgatla-ba-Kgafela traditional authority area Abstract: Drawing on a detailed study of three village-level disputes in the Bakgatla-ba-Kgafela traditional authority area, this article explores how intensifying land struggles on the platinum belt around Rustenburg are being mediated through conflicts over group boundaries and identities, and how this in turn is articulating a potentially new yet contradictory rural class politics. In a context where chiefly authorities are themselves becoming major shareholders in local mining operations, the burning question is whether the ‘tribe’ should be treated as the only legitimate African land-holding unit, or whether the collective ownership of mineralised land should reside in smaller socio-political groups, typically claiming decent from its original buyers. The article finds that while contested constructions of rural ‘community’ are emerging as a significant means of defending or advancing popular claims over landed resources, these corporate forms of organisation are simultaneously riven by gender, generational and other social divisions, and are prone to replicating the tribalist logics they seek to challenge. The attempt to establish private property rights through more exclusionary group definitions may therefore also act as an equally divisive force against those labelled ‘outsiders’, not least migrant mineworkers. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 606-624 Issue: 146 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1108746 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1108746 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:146:p:606-624 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nyonde Ntswana Author-X-Name-First: Nyonde Author-X-Name-Last: Ntswana Title: Striking together: women workers in the 2012 platinum dispute Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 625-632 Issue: 146 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1088706 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1088706 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:146:p:625-632 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paul Stewart Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart Title: Accelerated mechanisation and the demise of a mass-based labour force? Platinum mines in South Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 633-642 Issue: 146 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1087397 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1087397 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:146:p:633-642 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andrew Bowman Author-X-Name-First: Andrew Author-X-Name-Last: Bowman Author-Name: Gilad Isaacs Author-X-Name-First: Gilad Author-X-Name-Last: Isaacs Title: The 2014 platinum strike: narratives and numbers Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 643-656 Issue: 146 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1084912 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1084912 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:146:p:643-656 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dick Forslund Author-X-Name-First: Dick Author-X-Name-Last: Forslund Title: Briefing on the report Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 657-665 Issue: 146 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1085217 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1085217 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:146:p:657-665 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leonard Gentle Author-X-Name-First: Leonard Author-X-Name-Last: Gentle Title: What about the workers? The demise of COSATU and the emergence of a new movement Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 666-677 Issue: 146 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1085729 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1085729 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:146:p:666-677 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Dwyer Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Dwyer Title: The global development crisis Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 678-680 Issue: 146 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1113653 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1113653 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:146:p:678-680 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Franklin Obeng-Odoom Author-X-Name-First: Franklin Author-X-Name-Last: Obeng-Odoom Title: Oil, democracy, and development in Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 681-682 Issue: 146 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1113654 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1113654 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:146:p:681-682 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Editorial Board Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: ebi-ebi Issue: 146 Volume: 42 Year: 2015 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1091579 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1091579 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2015:i:146:p:ebi-ebi Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reginald Cline-Cole Author-X-Name-First: Reginald Author-X-Name-Last: Cline-Cole Title: On political economies of governance and resistance to (mis)rule Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 1-9 Issue: 151 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1315238 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1315238 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:151:p:1-9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Biniam E. Bedasso Author-X-Name-First: Biniam E. Author-X-Name-Last: Bedasso Title: For richer, for poorer: why ethnicity often trumps economic cleavages in Kenya Abstract: This article aims to examine why ethnic allegiances have persisted as the most dominant platform used by the elites to organise collective action in Kenya. The author formulates a broad theoretical framework centred around the organisational role of ethnicity in negotiating social orders. Empirically, it is shown that ethnic allegiances in Kenya are deeply rooted in group inequalities and feelings of historical injustice. Moreover, the historical structure of the economy has skewed the distribution of economic rents toward group-specific activities and resources. Therefore, the early institutions of the country were designed in such a way that the stability of political order would depend on the elites’ ability to use ethnicity as a bargaining chip. Ethnicity continues to be politically salient partly because economic rents are not individualised enough to sustainably support trans-ethnic forms of organisation. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 10-29 Issue: 151 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1169164 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1169164 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:151:p:10-29 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Felix Marco Conteh Author-X-Name-First: Felix Marco Author-X-Name-Last: Conteh Title: Politics, development and the instrumentalisation of (de)centralisation in Sierra Leone Abstract: The politics of decentralisation reforms in Sierra Leone are unpredictable and instructive. This article, based on fieldwork, analyses party politics within the context of decentralisation, arguing that the imperatives of post-conflict decentralisation are not necessarily embedded in technical considerations, but in processes of political compromise and accommodation. Decentralisation has helped facilitate the re-emergence of the old political order, in that the country’s main political parties have secured a consensus through which they have reconfigured the post-conflict state on their own terms. This study reveals that the narrative of a ‘divide’ within the political class is exaggerated, and illustrates the homogeneity and interconnectedness of its interests. The extent to which the ‘peace’ will be sustained by this compromise is uncertain, but this framing is useful in understanding the political economy in which ‘fragility’ and ‘peace’ co-exist, illuminating the political class’s agency, as well as its ability to ‘unite’ against ‘others’. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 30-46 Issue: 151 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1267618 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1267618 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:151:p:30-46 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: An Ansoms Author-X-Name-First: An Author-X-Name-Last: Ansoms Author-Name: Esther Marijnen Author-X-Name-First: Esther Author-X-Name-Last: Marijnen Author-Name: Giuseppe Cioffo Author-X-Name-First: Giuseppe Author-X-Name-Last: Cioffo Author-Name: Jude Murison Author-X-Name-First: Jude Author-X-Name-Last: Murison Title: Statistics versus livelihoods: questioning Rwanda’s pathway out of poverty Abstract: Recent statistics indicate that poverty in Rwanda decreased impressively between 2006 and 2014. This seems to confirm Rwanda’s developmental progress. This article however argues for a more cautious interpretation of household survey data. The authors contrast macro-level statistical analysis with in-depth field research on livelihood conditions. Macro-economic numbers provide interesting information, however differentiated evidence is required to understand how poverty ‘works’ in everyday life. On the basis of the Rwandan case study, the authors conclude that because of the high political stakes of data collection and analysis, and given that relations of power influence the production of knowledge on poverty, cross-checking is crucial. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 47-65 Issue: 151 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1214119 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1214119 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:151:p:47-65 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Papa Faye Author-X-Name-First: Papa Author-X-Name-Last: Faye Title: The politics of recognition, and the manufacturing of citizenship and identity in Senegal’s decentralised charcoal market Abstract: This article shows how state politics of (re)allocation of rights and resources to social groups within a society (recognition) are constructive of distinct abilities to shape the fate of the political economy of natural resources (citizenship) and of specific images of self (identities). It departs from the politics of recognition applied by the Forest Service to private merchants and forest villagers in Eastern Senegal. Herein, I theorise citizenship and identity as effects of the politics of recognition and redistribution, emphasising that identities are culturally bounded categories, but are also products (through reclassification) of public institutions’ discourses, legal ordinances and practices. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 66-84 Issue: 151 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1295366 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1295366 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:151:p:66-84 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marta Regina Fernández y Garcia Author-X-Name-First: Marta Regina Author-X-Name-Last: Fernández y Garcia Title: Rethinking peace-building practices through the Somaliland experience Abstract: Reflecting on the Somali case, the article argues that the systematic failures of international interventions in the country have largely derived from the modernising orientation underlying UN peace-building practices. Following this logic, the solution to the Somali problem becomes dependent upon the construction of a centralised authority. Resisting an alternative romanticisation of the Somaliland experiment, the article suggests that the multiple attempts to build a sui generis model of democracy, which combines Western and local forms of governance, are giving way to a hybrid political order that may, in turn, help us to rethink UN peace-building practices in less ethnocentric terms. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 85-103 Issue: 151 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1267619 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1267619 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:151:p:85-103 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Isabela Nogueira Author-X-Name-First: Isabela Author-X-Name-Last: Nogueira Author-Name: Ossi Ollinaho Author-X-Name-First: Ossi Author-X-Name-Last: Ollinaho Author-Name: Eduardo Costa Pinto Author-X-Name-First: Eduardo Costa Author-X-Name-Last: Pinto Author-Name: Grasiela Baruco Author-X-Name-First: Grasiela Author-X-Name-Last: Baruco Author-Name: Alexis Saludjian Author-X-Name-First: Alexis Author-X-Name-Last: Saludjian Author-Name: José Paulo Guedes Pinto Author-X-Name-First: José Paulo Guedes Author-X-Name-Last: Pinto Author-Name: Paulo Balanco Author-X-Name-First: Paulo Author-X-Name-Last: Balanco Author-Name: Carlos Schonerwald Author-X-Name-First: Carlos Author-X-Name-Last: Schonerwald Title: Mozambican economic porosity and the role of Brazilian capital: a political economy analysis Abstract: After two decades of high growth and increased levels of foreign investment, Mozambique continues to face serious problems in reducing poverty. This article investigates the characteristics of Brazilian aid to and investment in Mozambique and scrutinises how these activities relate to the Mozambican growth. Combining the literature on the porosity of Mozambican growth with an analysis of the class dynamics of Brazilian accumulation, this article identifies the class fractions that sustained the Brazilian neo-developmental attempt and their capital internationalisation into Africa. Moreover, it empirically details their role in giving form to porosity in the Mozambique economy and promoting private gains at the expense of social losses. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 104-121 Issue: 151 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1295367 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1295367 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:151:p:104-121 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ruth Hall Author-X-Name-First: Ruth Author-X-Name-Last: Hall Author-Name: Thembela Kepe Author-X-Name-First: Thembela Author-X-Name-Last: Kepe Title: Elite capture and state neglect: new evidence on South Africa’s land reform Abstract: The most recent incarnation of South Africa’s land reform is a model of state purchase of farms to be provided on leasehold, rather than transferring title. This briefing presents headline findings from our field research in one district. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 122-130 Issue: 151 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1288615 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1288615 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:151:p:122-130 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anna Reuss Author-X-Name-First: Anna Author-X-Name-Last: Reuss Author-Name: Kristof Titeca Author-X-Name-First: Kristof Author-X-Name-Last: Titeca Title: Beyond ethnicity: the violence in Western Uganda and Rwenzori’s 99 problems Abstract: In the Rwenzori region, a range of historical, socio-economic and political tensions have in past years resulted in a series of deadly clashes between different ethnic communities. Patronage politics of recognition of cultural kingdoms and district creation critically drives the manifestation of these tensions in ethnic violence, especially in the context of electoral contest. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 131-141 Issue: 151 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1270928 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1270928 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:151:p:131-141 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Henning Melber Author-X-Name-First: Henning Author-X-Name-Last: Melber Title: The African middle class(es) – in the middle of what? Abstract: This Briefing/Debate article critically engages with the middle class phenomenon, which emerged as a prominent focus in Development Studies a decade ago and has more recently also become the subject of more informed African Studies, adding necessary and more nuanced analysis.1 It critically examines the background and assumptions of the debate, pointing out the lack of class analysis, and suggests that the current focus still partly distracts from the underlying issues. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 142-154 Issue: 151 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1245183 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1245183 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:151:p:142-154 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leo Zeilig Author-X-Name-First: Leo Author-X-Name-Last: Zeilig Title: Burkina Faso: from Thomas Sankara to popular resistance Abstract: Arguably the résistance populaire across Burkina Faso in September 2015 against the coup led by members of the old regime was as significant as the uprising that toppled Blaise Compaoré in October 2014. This Briefing attempts to unpick the significance and extent of the popular resistance. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 155-164 Issue: 151 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1251200 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1251200 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:151:p:155-164 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Habtom Yohannes Author-X-Name-First: Habtom Author-X-Name-Last: Yohannes Title: Understanding Eritrea: inside Africa's most repressive state Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 165-169 Issue: 151 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1297030 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1297030 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:151:p:165-169 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alfred Zack-Williams Author-X-Name-First: Alfred Author-X-Name-Last: Zack-Williams Title: Africa: why economists get it wrong Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 170-172 Issue: 151 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1249705 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1249705 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:151:p:170-172 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alfred Zack-Williams Author-X-Name-First: Alfred Author-X-Name-Last: Zack-Williams Title: Natural resources, economic rents and social justice in contemporary Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 533-539 Issue: 150 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1251715 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1251715 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:150:p:533-539 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Call for Speakers/Papers Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 540-541 Issue: 150 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1250552 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1250552 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:150:p:540-541 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nathan Munier Author-X-Name-First: Nathan Author-X-Name-Last: Munier Title: Diamonds, dependence and De Beers: monopoly capitalism and compliance with the Kimberley Process in Namibia Abstract: Why has Namibia, with a dependency on alluvial diamond wealth and location in sub-Saharan Africa, been able to comply with the Kimberley Process while other states in the region have not? The author's objective is to account for how domestic political economy can influence international agreements. He argues that diamond dependency in Namibia has facilitated compliance with the Kimberley Process. The case of how Namibia has responded to the Kimberley Process illustrates how De Beers has been able to constrain domestic policy and use the Kimberley Process as a way to maintain a virtual monopoly in domestic diamond production. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 542-555 Issue: 150 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1085380 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1085380 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:150:p:542-555 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Khadija Sharife Author-X-Name-First: Khadija Author-X-Name-Last: Sharife Author-Name: Sarah Bracking Author-X-Name-First: Sarah Author-X-Name-Last: Bracking Title: Diamond pricing and valuation in South Africa’s extractive political economy Abstract: This article explores the valuation and marketisation of diamonds in South Africa from 2004 to 2012. It argues that there is no positivist foundation for a ‘real’ or ‘fair’ price from which derogations can be measured, which constitutes a challenge for establishing transfer pricing in the context of tax justice. Instead, there is a performative valuation process wherein artificial underlying values are assigned which then condition prices and tax liabilities. Thus it is not the essential nature of diamonds per se that conditions a ‘resource curse’, but corporate control over the marketisation process in the context of enclavity and oligopoly. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 556-575 Issue: 150 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1177504 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1177504 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:150:p:556-575 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Steven Nabieu Rogers Author-X-Name-First: Steven Nabieu Author-X-Name-Last: Rogers Title: Rethinking ‘expert sense’ in international development: the case of Sierra Leone’s housing policy Abstract: Experts have come to dominate global economic policies under certain institutional ideological discourse. But what happens when most of the policy players in developing countries do not belong to globalised institutions? This article interrogates the role of national officials in reinforcing Western institutional hegemony. A review of housing policies in Sierra Leone since independence, and interviews with housing sector officials, show that the current manifestation of such superstructure and its reinforcing nature also mask new economic interests. The review shows that local national officials, who are often presented as passive objects of power, actually have enormous interpretive agency, and the aggressive articulation of their exclusionary approach demonstrates specific actionable interventions which enable them to create space and advantage for themselves. The lack of a new articulative strategy means that commitment to local content remains only as paper plans and symbolic gestures. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 576-591 Issue: 150 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1169163 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1169163 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:150:p:576-591 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joschka Philipps Author-X-Name-First: Joschka Author-X-Name-Last: Philipps Title: Crystallising contention: social movements, protests and riots in African Studies Abstract: This article critically reviews the recent debate on social movements and protests in African Studies. It problematises prevailing conceptualisations, addresses the methodological difficulties of data gathering and scrutinises theoretical references in contemporary scholarship. As an alternative to established approaches and based on fieldwork in Conakry and Kampala, the author suggests capturing the dynamic nature of protest movements through the concept of crystallisation. Inspired by philosopher Gilbert Simondon, the crystallisation concept grasps protests as processes emerging from everyday urban politics and reflexively considers the researcher as part of the phenomena he or she describes. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 592-607 Issue: 150 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1171206 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1171206 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:150:p:592-607 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paul Chaney Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Chaney Title: Mind the gap? Civil society policy engagement and the pursuit of gender justice: critical discourse analysis of the implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action in Africa 2003–2015 Abstract: This article presents critical discourse analysis of state and civil society organisations’ efforts to implement the gender mainstreaming goals set out in the United Nations’ Beijing Declaration. It is argued that the latter represents a generational opportunity to apply a Feminist Political Economic Framework to development in Africa. However, the research findings show how current practice falls short of the sought-after participative democratic model of mainstreaming. Instead, analysis reveals significant differences in state and civil society organisations’ policy framing, issues over conceptual clarity and a disjuncture in state and civil society prioritisation of key gendered issues such as poverty, economic inequality and conflict resolution. This matters because it indicates that the capacity of the civil sphere to act as a political arena from which NGOs may challenge the traditionally male-dominated power structures is being undermined by a ‘disconnect’ between state and civil society as they pursue contrasting agendas. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 608-629 Issue: 150 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1170675 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1170675 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:150:p:608-629 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pritish Behuria Author-X-Name-First: Pritish Author-X-Name-Last: Behuria Title: Centralising rents and dispersing power while pursuing development? Exploring the strategic uses of military firms in Rwanda Abstract: The Rwandan Patriotic Front has achieved significant economic progress while also maintaining political stability. However, frictions among ruling elites have threatened progress. This paper explores the use of military firms in Rwanda. Such firms are used to invest in strategic industries, but the use of such firms reflects the vulnerability faced by ruling elites. Military firms serve two related purposes. First, ruling elites use such firms to centralise rents and invest in strategic sectors. Second, the proliferation of such enterprises and the separation of party- and military-owned firms contribute to dispersing power within a centralised hierarchy. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 630-647 Issue: 150 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1128407 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1128407 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:150:p:630-647 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Patricia Daley Author-X-Name-First: Patricia Author-X-Name-Last: Daley Author-Name: Rowan Popplewell Author-X-Name-First: Rowan Author-X-Name-Last: Popplewell Title: The appeal of third termism and militarism in Burundi Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 648-657 Issue: 150 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1111202 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1111202 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:150:p:648-657 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tanja R. Müller Author-X-Name-First: Tanja R. Author-X-Name-Last: Müller Title: Representing Eritrea: geopolitics and narratives of oppression Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 658-667 Issue: 150 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1111201 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1111201 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:150:p:658-667 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hamza Hamouchene Author-X-Name-First: Hamza Author-X-Name-Last: Hamouchene Author-Name: Brahim Rouabah Author-X-Name-First: Brahim Author-X-Name-Last: Rouabah Title: The political economy of regime survival: Algeria in the context of the African and Arab uprisings Abstract: This briefing analyses the ways in which the Algerian regime has navigated the multi-dimensional crisis it has been faced with over the last two decades, and the political economy of its survival in a turbulent regional and international geopolitical context characterised by the African and Arab uprisings and the reaction of status quo forces to this phenomenon. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 668-680 Issue: 150 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1213714 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1213714 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:150:p:668-680 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alfred Zack-Williams Author-X-Name-First: Alfred Author-X-Name-Last: Zack-Williams Title: Pan-Africanism and Communism: the Communist International, Africa and the diaspora, 1919–1939 Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 681-684 Issue: 150 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1249707 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1249707 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:150:p:681-684 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Editorial Board Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: ebi-ebi Issue: 150 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1270882 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1270882 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:150:p:ebi-ebi Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Editorial working group Journal: Pages: ebi-ebi Issue: 88 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704521 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704521 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:88:p:ebi-ebi Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ray Bush Author-X-Name-First: Ray Author-X-Name-Last: Bush Author-Name: Giles Mohan Author-X-Name-First: Giles Author-X-Name-Last: Mohan Title: Africa's future: that sinking feeling Journal: Pages: 149-153 Issue: 88 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704522 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704522 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:88:p:149-153 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bonnie Campbell Author-X-Name-First: Bonnie Author-X-Name-Last: Campbell Title: Governance, institutional reform & the state: international financial institutions & political transition in Africa Abstract: This article argues that certain aspects of the institutional reforms which seek to achieve good governance, by treating political institutions and processes as manageable and essentially technical issues, seems instead to have contributed to the narrowing of political space and to the informalisation of politics. The argument is illustrated with reference to the recent experience of political transition in Côte d'Ivoire. The text analyses the compatibility between the institutional reforms introduced at the recommendation of the Bretton Woods institutions and the economic austerity which has resulted from recent decisions on the one hand, and on the other, the conditions necessary for the broadening of political space — the very issue on which depends the success of the transition itself. On the basis of the several observable current trends, the article concludes by raising the possibility that the transition may well result not only in the mere prolonging of past modes of political and economic regulation, but also in a gradual shifting away from a liberal pluralist model based on a participatory and inclusive ideal of politics, to an authoritarian one based on a technocratic ideal, likely to give rise to strategies of division and exclusion. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 155-176 Issue: 88 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704523 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704523 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:88:p:155-176 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Giles Mohan Author-X-Name-First: Giles Author-X-Name-Last: Mohan Author-Name: Jeremy Holland Author-X-Name-First: Jeremy Author-X-Name-Last: Holland Title: Human rights & development in Africa: moral intrusion or empowering opportunity? Abstract: Throughout the 1990s the debates about human rights and development have increasingly converged. The article asks whether the emerging human rights‐based approach to development, honed in the period of revisionist neo‐liberalism, can deliver meaningful improvements to the African crisis.It begins by outlining the evolution of the rights‐based development agenda in order to understand how the present agenda is defined. The next section examines the theoretical underpinnings of the current rights‐based development agenda and summarises two recent reports which place such concerns at their centre. From there we examine the implementation of rights‐based procedures in Africa and assess the moral and practical implications of the rights agenda for Africa. We conclude by arguing that the emphasis on economic and developmental rights should be welcomed, because it raises the possibility of cementing the right to a decent standard of living. However, the potential exists for the rights‐based agenda to be used as a new form of conditionality which usurps national sovereignty and by handing the responsibility for defending rights to authoritarian states the process does little to challenge the power structures which may have precipitated rights abuses in the first place. Finally, the emphasis on universal rights, as defined through largely western experiences, limits the relevance of rights to local circumstances and thereby effects another form of Eurocentric violence which seeks to normalise a self‐serving social vision. Hence, only by embedding discussions of rights in the locally meaningful struggles that confront impoverished Africans and by promoting broader and direct participation which, crucially, promotes self‐determination can a rights agenda more thoroughly promote African development. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 177-196 Issue: 88 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704524 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704524 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:88:p:177-196 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rok Ajulu Author-X-Name-First: Rok Author-X-Name-Last: Ajulu Title: Kenya: one step forward, three steps back: the succession dilemma Abstract: Despite the optimism in 1992, that competitive multi‐party politics would create effective and meaningful democratic politics in Kenya, there has been a process of political deliberalisation and politicisation of ethnic politics. There is, moreover, little prospect that President Moi will give way to a replacement at the end of his second five‐year term in 2002. There is even less chance that effective political democracy is likely in Kenya in the foreseeable future. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 197-212 Issue: 88 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704525 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704525 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:88:p:197-212 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A B Zack‐Williams Author-X-Name-First: A B Author-X-Name-Last: Zack‐Williams Title: No democracy, no development: reflections on democracy & development in Africa Abstract: This article is a contribution to the debate on the state, democracy and economic development in Africa. It examines the process of the decline of political pluralism in Africa not long after independence, to be replaced by the omnipotent one‐party state, and the rationale for this transition. It examines recent moves towards democratisation in Africa pointing to the implications for development and argues that democracy, defined as the ability of a people to control decision‐making, is a sine qua non for development. Given the divide between owners of the major means of production (the ruling class who shape the destiny of the social formation) and the governing class (who are only in formal control of the state apparatus), it is argued that contrary to the neo‐liberal dictate of destatization, the role of the state in economic transformation is crucial. Far from rolling back the state, state capacity needs to be strengthened and this would have to be at the expense of the proliferation of unaccountable non‐governmental organisations. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 213-223 Issue: 88 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704526 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704526 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:88:p:213-223 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roy Love Author-X-Name-First: Roy Author-X-Name-Last: Love Title: The Ethiopian coffee & its institutions: Abstract: From the middle of the last century coffee has been the major source of foreign exchange for the Ethiopian economy and its governments. The bulk of production comes from small‐scale peasant producers located in parts of the south, southwest and east of the country, from where it is channelled through a largely privately owned marketing system to auction in Addis Ababa or Dire Dawa. It is then purchased by exporters for further processing and onward shipment. This marketing structure has evolved in a highly regulated way, comprising a set of institutional relationships which are not the product of chance and which in a number of respects predate both the current government and the Derg. As such the coffee filiereoffers an interesting case study of the relative merits of an analysis built upon the principles of ‘new institutional economies’, where efficiency is the benchmark, and one which adopts a more historically based political economy approach in which power and control are the markers. The distinction is not always transparent. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 225-240 Issue: 88 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704527 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704527 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:88:p:225-240 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mike Powell Author-X-Name-First: Mike Author-X-Name-Last: Powell Title: Knowledge, culture & the internet in Africa: a challenge for political economists Abstract: The development and use of Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) are undoubtedly important in today's world. Not surprisingly this raises issues of ‘ICT and development’, ‘ICT and health’, ‘ICT and agriculture’ and above all of a ‘digital divide’ between those with permanent access to new technologies and those with none. Such topics are not unimportant but they should not obscure the need for a more profound, critical analysis of what these changes mean. ICT are only one element in a process of changing organisational forms and changing understanding of how information and knowledge can be applied for economic ends. It is argued that these changes are creating a new mode of production, one which may offer Africa more opportunities relative to the world economy than have been experienced in the past. Such opportunities are more likely to be generated, the more ordinary Africans get access to basic communication tools and use them for their own ends. Such a process, which can be either aided or obstructed by the policies of the state and international institutions, would inevitably lead to significant changes in economic and political relationships. Journal: Pages: 241-260 Issue: 88 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704528 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704528 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:88:p:241-260 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gordon Crawford Author-X-Name-First: Gordon Author-X-Name-Last: Crawford Title: Eliminating world poverty: is neo‐liberal globalisation the answer? a challenge to the UK government's white paper Journal: Pages: 261-266 Issue: 88 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704529 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704529 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:88:p:261-266 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Audrey Gadzekpo Author-X-Name-First: Audrey Author-X-Name-Last: Gadzekpo Title: Reflections on Ghana's recent elections Journal: Pages: 267-273 Issue: 88 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704530 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704530 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:88:p:267-273 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Omayma Abdel‐Latif Author-X-Name-First: Omayma Author-X-Name-Last: Abdel‐Latif Title: Egyptian electoral politics: news rules, old game Journal: Pages: 273-279 Issue: 88 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704531 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704531 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:88:p:273-279 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Human rightsin Egypt Journal: Pages: 279-281 Issue: 88 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704532 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704532 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:88:p:279-281 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Greg Cameron Author-X-Name-First: Greg Author-X-Name-Last: Cameron Title: The Tanzanian general elections on Zanzibar Abstract: On 29 October 2000,10 million voters in 231 constituencies cast their votes for 13 political parties throughout Tanzania. The election on the Tanzanian mainland was predictably won by the ruling CCM (Party of the Revolution) against a divided and weak opposition. In Zanzibar, on the other hand, the CCM faced a fierce challenge from the CUF (Civic United Front) as approximately 450,000 people voted in 50 constituencies for Union and Zanzibar Presidents and candidates for the Union and Zanzibar Legislatures. In the words of the staid Commonwealth Observer Group, The Zanzibar elections were not free and fair, and were in fact, “a shambles'”. The January 2001 massacres on Zanzibar and subsequent refugee crisis can be directly linked to the flawed elections and the refusal of the CCM regime to respect the majority will of Zanzibaris. Without a doubt a watershed has been reached, one that will further deepen the political, socio‐economic and constitutional crises afflicting the Isles and the United Republic of Tanzania itself. Journal: Pages: 282-286 Issue: 88 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704533 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704533 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:88:p:282-286 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tinashe Madava Author-X-Name-First: Tinashe Author-X-Name-Last: Madava Title: Pressure on to keep crop seeds patent-free Abstract: In order to safeguard world food security, concerned organisations are calling on their leaders to keep open access for all seeds around the world's most important crops unrestricted by patent and intellectual property rights. Journal: Pages: 287-288 Issue: 88 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704534 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704534 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:88:p:287-288 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tinashe Madava Author-X-Name-First: Tinashe Author-X-Name-Last: Madava Title: Illicit dumping of toxic wastes breach of human rights Abstract: Illicit dumping of hazardous, toxic and dangerous products and wastes in developing countries adversely affects the human rights of peoples to health and life. The 57th session of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights has condemned the practice universally. Journal: Pages: 288-290 Issue: 88 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704535 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704535 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:88:p:288-290 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael Bhatia Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Bhatia Title: The Western Sahara under polisario control Abstract: From 17–27 April 2001, the author visited the Sahrawi refugee camps and the northern sector of the Western Sahara territory under Polisario control (the region surrounding the town of Bir Lahlou and Tifariti near Tindouf, Algeria). The author previously visited the Sahrawi refugee camps in 1997, and is planning a visit to the area under Moroccan control in the autumn of 2001. Journal: Pages: 291-298 Issue: 88 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704536 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704536 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:88:p:291-298 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael Bhatia Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Bhatia Title: Interview with Brahim Bedileh, commander, 2nd military region (tifariti), POLISARIO front Abstract: The following transcript was conducted through an interpreter on 25 April 2001, and therefore is an approximation and not fully representative of Commander Bedileh's statements: BB:We are currently in a stand‐by position, still waiting. Nobody wants to lose time in waiting to resolve our problem of liberation. 26 years of fighting for our existing rights of self‐determination, our case is one of legal consensus that we see all over the world. Journal: Pages: 298-301 Issue: 88 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704537 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704537 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:88:p:298-301 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sarah Bracking Author-X-Name-First: Sarah Author-X-Name-Last: Bracking Title: The Lesotho highlands corruption trial: who has been airbrushed from the dock? Abstract: The Lesotho government has taken four British business groups to court, charging them with paying bribes to the chief executive, Masupha Sole, of the Lesotho Highlands Water Authority. The companies, Balf our Beatty, Sir Alexander Gibb and Co, Stirling International Civil Engineering and Kier International are charged alongside the Swiss‐Swedish group, ABB, Impregilo of Italy, Acres International of Canada and Sogreah, Dumez and Cegelec of France. Balfour Beatty was a partner in the Lesotho Highlands Project consortium and is accused of paying more than £1 million to Sole over three years. Kier International and Stirling International, within the Highlands Water Venture consortium, are alleged to have paid him £250,000, while Sir Alexander Gibb and Co is accused of transferring £51,478.01. Journal: Pages: 302-306 Issue: 88 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704538 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704538 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:88:p:302-306 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Bulletin board Journal: Pages: 307-311 Issue: 88 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704539 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704539 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:88:p:307-311 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Books received Journal: Pages: 312-312 Issue: 88 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704540 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704540 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:88:p:312-312 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Gibbon Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Gibbon Title: Phil Raikes (1938–2001) an appreciation Journal: Pages: 313-314 Issue: 88 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704541 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704541 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:88:p:313-314 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Editorial working group Journal: Pages: ebi-ebi Issue: 84 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704452 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704452 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:84:p:ebi-ebi Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ray Bush Author-X-Name-First: Ray Author-X-Name-Last: Bush Author-Name: Morris Szeftel Author-X-Name-First: Morris Author-X-Name-Last: Szeftel Title: Commentary:the struggle for land Journal: Pages: 173-180 Issue: 84 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704453 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704453 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:84:p:173-180 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sam Moyo Author-X-Name-First: Sam Author-X-Name-Last: Moyo Author-Name: Blair Rutherford Author-X-Name-First: Blair Author-X-Name-Last: Rutherford Author-Name: Dede Amanor‐Wilks Author-X-Name-First: Dede Author-X-Name-Last: Amanor‐Wilks Title: Land reform & changing social relations for farm workers in Zimbabwe Abstract: This article assesses the problem of extending social, political and land rights to farm workers in Zimbabwe's commercial farming sector in the context of current debates and protests about land redistribution there. It contrasts traditional indifference to such workers with more recent attempts to address their needs and explores the difficulties which land redistribution could present for farm workers if their interests were not made part of the agenda of change. It argues for a holistic, transformative approach to redistribution and reform, an approach which contrasts markedly with ‐and goes well beyond ‐ nationalist, workerist and welfare strategies that have been put forward. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 181-202 Issue: 84 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704454 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704454 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:84:p:181-202 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roger Southall Author-X-Name-First: Roger Author-X-Name-Last: Southall Title: Dilemmas of the Kenyan succession Abstract: Under weight of a diversity of pressures, Daniel Arap Moi has announced his forthcoming retirement from the presidency. The resultant succession dilemma which dominates Kenyan politics is accentuated by endemic corruption, economic decline and increasing popular antipathy to the KANU regime. Yet even in the facing of deepening crisis, the balance of forces favour the government's capacity to frustrate democratisation. Its control of state resources, its increasing resort to informal repression and the reluctance of western powers to encourage a de‐stabilisation all imply that the country's present rulers retain enormous reserve powers. A ‘second‐best’ solution, which provides negotiated shelter for those who have gained by corruption or who have abused human rights may therefore prove to be the most workable way to avoid a resort to armed resistance by present power‐holders and pave the way towards a democratic transition. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 203-219 Issue: 84 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704455 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704455 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:84:p:203-219 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: June Rock Author-X-Name-First: June Author-X-Name-Last: Rock Title: The land issue in eritrea's reconstruction & development Abstract: At the end of the 30 year‐long liberation struggle against Ethiopian overrule, Eritrea was faced with the enormous tasks of political and economic reconstruction, the repair of the country's physical infrastructure, and the need to rebuild and rehabilitate the devastated agricultural sector. These tasks coincided with those of the demobilisation of fighters and the repatriation and reintegration of some 600,000 refugees that had fled to the Sudan during the struggle. High on the agenda of Eritrea's decision‐makers immediately after Independence, was the issue of land. A speedy resolution of the land issue was seen as integral to the government's overall policies for post‐war recovery and reconstruction. This resulted in the introduction, in 1994, of the Eritrea Land Proclamation, which aimed to radically transform the country's tenure systems. Some six years later, with the exception of one or two small pilot projects in the immediate environs of the capital, Asmara, the Proclamation has still to be implemented. This article examines some of the specific provisions of the Land Proclamation in order to explore what would need to be done to initiate it on the ground. It is argued that, while the principles of the Land Proclamation are well intentioned, its implementation would be too complex and costly, and that there are alternative lessons to be learned from the EPLF's own, earlier land reforms of the mid‐1970s and 1980s. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 221-234 Issue: 84 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704456 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704456 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:84:p:221-234 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ray Bush Author-X-Name-First: Ray Author-X-Name-Last: Bush Title: An agricultural strategy without farmers: Egypt's countryside in the New Millennium Abstract: This article argues that Egypt's countryside is at a turning point. The economic reforms have not delivered the intended improvements in production and yet there is little indication that the Government of Egypt (GoE) will manage to work with the IFIs to promote an alternative economic adjustment. The reforms began in Egypt's agricultural sector in the mid‐1980s and were eventually matched in 1991 by an economic reform and structural adjustment programme (ERSAP) and a renewed programme with the IFIs in 1996. Macro‐economic targets set by the IFIs have helped stabilise the economy, reduce government expenditure, inflation and budget deficits although large scale privatisation of state assets have failed to emerge and so too has significant economic growth (Pfeifer, 1999; Mitchell, 1999). Attention has particularly focused on price and marketing reforms in agriculture, on the slashing of subsidies and on the promotion of cash crops for export. Land reform, favouring landowners and marginalising tenant interests, has also been central to agricultural transformation. Sustained and diverse economic growth has eluded Egypt's economy. Unemployment remains a central problem exacerbated by the economic reforms as levels of rural and urban poverty have also risen. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 235-249 Issue: 84 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704457 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704457 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:84:p:235-249 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Korbla Puplampu Author-X-Name-First: Korbla Author-X-Name-Last: Puplampu Author-Name: Wisdom Tettey Author-X-Name-First: Wisdom Author-X-Name-Last: Tettey Title: State‐NGO relations in an era of globalisation: the implications for agricultural development in Africa Abstract: The crisis of the African state has been a dominant feature of the continent's socio‐political and development discourse in the last two decades. In a region where agriculture is the engine of development and the state plays an active role in agriculture, the crisis of the state has created a vacuum in the institutional framework required for agricultural development. Nongovernmental organisations (NGOs), consistent with globalisation, have emerged and filled the vacuum as viable institutions for agricultural development. This study examines State‐NGO relations during globalisation and the implications of that relationship for agricultural development in Africa. Exploring the socio‐political context of such relations, especially the nature of investment in the agricultural sector, the study shows how the uncertain outcomes of State‐NGO relations, exacerbated by global forces, affect the long‐term prospects of agricultural development in Africa. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 251-272 Issue: 84 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704458 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704458 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:84:p:251-272 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lionel Cliffe Author-X-Name-First: Lionel Author-X-Name-Last: Cliffe Title: Land reform in South Africa Abstract: The newly‐elected South African government began in 1994 to make laws and implement a programme for land reform. It consisted of three dimensions: redistribution (transferring white‐owned commercial farm land to African users); restitution (settling claims for land lost under apartheid measures by restoration of holdings or compensation); and land tenure reform (to provide more secure access to land in the former bantustans). Only a few restitution claims have been so far resolved. After much rethinking a revised draft of a land tenure bill is to be presented to Parliament in late 2000, but as one stated aim is to give ‘land to tribes’, it remains to be seen whether it will bring increased democratisation, allowing for common resource management, or will entrench ‘decentralised despotism’. This article concentrates on the most actively pursued dimension of land reform: redistribution. Under the diverse influences of rights‐based activism of earlier years and of World Bank advice about a ‘market‐led’ approach, the government has set up mechanisms to help finance and facilitate ‘community’ initiatives to acquire land, to settle on it and, if possible, to make productive use of it. What was advocated as a more rapid and less bureaucratic approach than a government agency acquiring and administering resettlement has instead spawned a sprawling edifice, some of it out‐sourced to an array of consultants, often with little experience and few credentials, and has led to a protracted process of transfer of a much smaller amount of land in five years than, say, Zimbabwe managed in the same period. The reasons for this are examined. A policy rethink during 1999 has led to changes in emphasis which, hopefully, will speed up the redistribution of land, provide more back‐up to those resettled, and prioritise future grants for more productive agricultural use. This latter formula, however, is constricted by old‐fashioned ‘modernist’ (and often implicitly colonial) orthodoxies still current in South Africa, not least in the ANC and government. These are fixated on ‘commercialisation’ ‐ which usually translates into larger‐scale and high‐tech ‐ and the promotion of the interests of a would‐be black agrarian entrepreneurial class, rather than those of the propertyless. Some hope may derive from the inclusion of experiments in the new programme to chart an alternative to the ‘market‐led’ formula which would instead allow redistribution of land as an element within district‐level planning. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 273-286 Issue: 84 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704459 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704459 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:84:p:273-286 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Morris Szeftel Author-X-Name-First: Morris Author-X-Name-Last: Szeftel Title: Between governance & under‐development: accumulation & Africa's ‘catastrophic corruption’ Abstract: Capital eschews no profit, or very small profit, just as nature was formerly said to abhor a vacuum.With adequate profit, capital is very bold. A certain 10 per cent will ensure its employment anywhere; 20 per cent will produce eagerness; 50 per cent positive audacity; 100 per cent will make it ready to trample on all human laws; 300 per cent and there is not acrime at which it will scruple, nor a risk it will not run, even to the chance of its owner being hanged. If turbulence and strife will bring a profit, it will freely encourage both. Smuggling and the slave trade have amply proved all that is here stated. T J Dunning, quoted in Karl Marx, Capital I (1976:926, fn.). This paper explores aspects of the tension between, on the one hand, international efforts by multilateral and bilateral creditors and aid donors to reduce corruption in developing countries and, on the other, the role played by political corruption in promoting local accumulation of wealth, property and capital in Africa. The process of globalisation includes a concerted effort to reduce the costs and increase the predictability of international business activities. The effort has been particularly directed at countries undergoing economic restructuring and democratic change. The weak bargaining position of African states, where debt and underdevelopment make dependence on international creditors and aid donors especially acute, has led to a variety of direct, unsubtle pressures to force these states to undertake ‘governance’ reforms. While many of these measures address important problems undermining African development, they also misunderstand the nature of corruption as an African problem in two important ways. First, they seek to impose rules and norms of proper public behaviour, developed for and within liberal democracies, in environments where liberal democracy is not established. And, second, they threaten the dependence of the African petty bourgeoisie on access to the state and its resources. In the context of underdevelopment, local accumulation rests heavily on political power and the ability it provides to appropriate public resources. Corruption provides a means of transferring public resources to the new middle class and bourgeois strata which emerged in the post‐colonial order. And underdevelopment ensures that dependence on political power for accumulation is continuous. Africa's development crisis has intensified dependence on the political domain even more and increased conflict as claimants fight over a diminishing pool of resources. Far from arresting the upward spiral of corruption, liberalisation and governance measures imposed by the donors have encouraged the development of new forms of corruption. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 287-306 Issue: 84 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704460 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704460 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:84:p:287-306 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rupak Chattopadhyay Author-X-Name-First: Rupak Author-X-Name-Last: Chattopadhyay Title: Zimbabwe: structural adjustment, destitution & food insecurity Abstract: This article examines the persistence of hunger in food surplus Zimbabwe during the 1990s. It combines a discussion of the literature on hunger with an analysis of the Zimbabwean structural adjustment programme using the ‘entitlements’ theory of famine as the point of departure to examine ‘persistent starvation’. The article questions the extent to which the structural adjustment programme and increased food production have contributed to food security and welfare. It notes that destitution resulting from structural adjustment polices have increased food insecurity by eroding the purchasing power of large sections of the population. The article further argues that in addition to economic causes, destitution is exacerbated by the effective lack of accountability on the part of the key decision‐makers. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 307-316 Issue: 84 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704461 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704461 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:84:p:307-316 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Gonzales Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Gonzales Title: Cuban‐African relations: nationalist roots of an internationalist policy Abstract: To understand the type of relationship that Cuba has had with Africa for the past four decades, one must understand what happened on 1 January 1959, a watershed date in Cuban history. On that day after several years of armed struggle, dictator Fulgencio Batista fled, a Revolutionary Government led by Fidel Castro took power and Cuba ceased to be the neo‐colony that it had been for over 56 years. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 317-323 Issue: 84 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704462 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704462 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:84:p:317-323 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Will Reno Author-X-Name-First: Will Author-X-Name-Last: Reno Title: No Peace for Sierra Leone Journal: Pages: 325-329 Issue: 84 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704463 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704463 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:84:p:325-329 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Philip White Author-X-Name-First: Philip Author-X-Name-Last: White Author-Name: Lionel Cliffe Author-X-Name-First: Lionel Author-X-Name-Last: Cliffe Title: War & famine in Ethiopia & Eritrea Abstract: The following Summary is taken from a longer report just completed by the authors. ‘Conflict, Relief and Development: Aid Responses to the Current Food Crisis in the Horn of Africa’ is available from the University of Leeds. See end for details. Journal: Pages: 329-333 Issue: 84 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704464 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704464 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:84:p:329-333 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mohamud Khalif Author-X-Name-First: Mohamud Author-X-Name-Last: Khalif Title: The politics of famine in the Ogaden Journal: Pages: 333-337 Issue: 84 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704465 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704465 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:84:p:333-337 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Seddon Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Seddon Title: Western sahara‐point of no return? Journal: Pages: 338-340 Issue: 84 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704466 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704466 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:84:p:338-340 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Gonzales Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Gonzales Title: Africa at the first south summit in Havana Journal: Pages: 341-346 Issue: 84 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704467 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704467 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:84:p:341-346 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: What is CEAMO? Journal: Pages: 346-347 Issue: 84 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704468 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704468 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:84:p:346-347 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Commonwealth secretary‐general's statement on Zanzibar Journal: Pages: 348-348 Issue: 84 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704469 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704469 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:84:p:348-348 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vito Laterza Author-X-Name-First: Vito Author-X-Name-Last: Laterza Author-Name: John Sharp Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Sharp Title: Extraction and beyond: people’s economic responses to restructuring in southern and central Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 173-188 Issue: 152 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1345540 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1345540 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:152:p:173-188 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Benjamin Rubbers Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin Author-X-Name-Last: Rubbers Title: Towards a life of poverty and uncertainty? The livelihood strategies of Gécamines workers after retrenchment in the DRC Abstract: In 2003, with the support of the World Bank, the Congolese state-owned enterprise Gécamines implemented a voluntary departure programme for 10,000 employees with more than 25 years of service. These employees were asked to regard their severance pay as a capital to be invested in new activities. Based on ethnographic research, this article explores how ex-Gécamines workers made a living in the phase of their ‘reintegration’. In doing so, it develops a sociological approach to popular economic practices that attempts to move beyond the phenomenology of uncertainty recently advocated by several Africanist scholars. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 189-203 Issue: 152 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1273827 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1273827 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:152:p:189-203 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jeroen Cuvelier Author-X-Name-First: Jeroen Author-X-Name-Last: Cuvelier Title: Money, migration and masculinity among artisanal miners in Katanga (DR Congo) Abstract: The Katangese artisanal mining sector has grown spectacularly since the late 1990s. Faced with political instability and economic crisis, tens of thousands of men have moved to the mining areas in order to find new sources of income. This article offers a detailed ethnographic description of how male migrant workers experience and cope with the challenging realities of life on the mines against the backdrop of recent changes in Katanga’s political economy. More specifically, it examines the relationship between money, migration and masculinity through an extended case study of a money dispute among a group of artisanal miners working in the Kalabi mine near Lwambo, a small town situated 20 kilometres north of Likasi. It is found that the conspicuous consumption of money plays a vital role in the mining subculture; that credit and debt dominate life on the mines; and that artisanal mining has given rise to significant changes in gender relations and household organisation. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 204-219 Issue: 152 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1172061 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1172061 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:152:p:204-219 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kees (C. S.) van der Waal Author-X-Name-First: Kees (C. S.) Author-X-Name-Last: van der Waal Title: Multiple livelihoods and social relations in the South African Lowveld, 1986–2013 Abstract: Despite improvements in the last two decades, rural communal areas in South Africa remain dumping grounds, requiring multiple livelihood strategies and social adaptations. Local experience of dispossession forms the backdrop to individual and collective responses to changes in the role of land, labour and reproduction. The ethnographic research focused on a rural settlement in the former Gazankulu Bantustan in the period 1986–2013. Shifts in the mix of livelihoods were related to changing gender and generational relationships. Individual livelihood strategies aimed at diversifying sources of income and collective actions were directed at getting rid of criminals and accessing state resources. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 220-236 Issue: 152 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1313727 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1313727 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:152:p:220-236 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jessica A. Johnson Author-X-Name-First: Jessica A. Author-X-Name-Last: Johnson Title: After the mines: the changing social and economic landscape of Malawi–South Africa migration Abstract: By the early 1970s, Malawi was the most significant supplier of mine labour to South Africa. Since then, for a variety of reasons, mine migrancy has dwindled. Nevertheless, migration to South Africa today looms large in the popular imagination, and is pursued by substantial numbers of Malawians, particularly men. By comparison with earlier migrants, however, their trajectories are less certain, their strategies more piecemeal. This paper will focus on contemporary migration to South Africa by young men from a particular village in Chiradzulu District, southern Malawi. Emphasising perspectives from their home village, it will offer insight into the impact of their migration upon family and gender relations, the social and economic situations of the wives and matrilineal kin whom they leave behind, and the tangible and intangible impacts of aspirations to South African migration. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 237-251 Issue: 152 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1273826 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1273826 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:152:p:237-251 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paul Stewart Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart Author-Name: Dhiraj Kumar Nite Author-X-Name-First: Dhiraj Kumar Author-X-Name-Last: Nite Title: From fatalism to mass action to incorporation to neoliberal individualism: worker safety on South African mines, .1955–2016 Abstract: The article resurfaces ‘tacit knowledge’ to periodise developments in worker safety in South African mines. ‘Tacit knowledge’ evolved over time, is orally transmitted, learned on the job, and is central to worker safety; it lay behind acts of resistance and demands for a safer mining workplace which underpinned unionisation, and which won worker safety representation under apartheid. Under democracy, a modern consultative tripartite legislative safety regime was instituted. With worker representation institutionalised, health and safety legislation enacted and tripartite institutions established, procedural compliance eclipsed workers’ ‘tacit knowledge’. The right to refuse to do dangerous work, state-initiated safety work stoppages and the impact on safety of inter-union rivalry are currently in the spotlight and are noted below. With the state firmly in neoliberal mode post-Fordism, this article concludes by noting the emergence of the individualisation of safety – ironically motivated by a behaviourist construal of ‘tacit beliefs’ underpinning a major industry safety initiative. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 252-271 Issue: 152 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1342234 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1342234 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:152:p:252-271 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hugh Macmillan Author-X-Name-First: Hugh Author-X-Name-Last: Macmillan Title: ? Mining in South Africa in the last 30 years – an overview Abstract: This article examines the history of South African mining over the last 30 years. It notes the declining contribution of mining to the economy, and a drop in employment levels and labour migration. It considers political, legislative and macro-economic changes, as well as mine ownership and control. It addresses the question why a democratically elected government, progressive labour legislation, trade-unionisation and Black Economic Empowerment have made remarkably little difference to working conditions. After examining the trajectories of individual commodities, such as gold, platinum, coal and diamonds, it concludes there has been no fundamental change in the relationship between state and capital. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 272-291 Issue: 152 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1313728 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1313728 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:152:p:272-291 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Esther Uzar Author-X-Name-First: Esther Author-X-Name-Last: Uzar Title: Contested labour and political leadership: three mineworkers’ unions after the opposition victory in Zambia Abstract: Scholars of Zambian labour thought the once-powerful movement in terminal decline, but followed up neither the effects of the multi-union environment nor the opposition victory of a leftist political party in 2011. The author’s case study of three mineworkers’ unions (Mineworkers’ Union of Zambia, National Union of Miners and Allied Workers and United Mineworkers Union of Zambia) shows how the Patriotic Front party reawakened labour militancy only to suppress it within five months. The union competition increased welfare and financial accountability, but even insurgent unions surrendered to the dominant ideology of ‘industrial peace’, yielding the strike weapon to corporate hegemony. The article concludes that the unions have little bargaining power, but that the constant grassroots contestation of labour and political leaders renders Zambian labour highly vibrant. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 292-311 Issue: 152 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1345731 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1345731 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:152:p:292-311 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mala Mustapha Author-X-Name-First: Mala Author-X-Name-Last: Mustapha Title: The 2015 general elections in Nigeria: new media, party politics and the political economy of voting Abstract: This Briefing argues that social media evidently did not provide the platforms for democratic struggles and the transformation of the political economy of voting during the 2015 general elections in Nigeria. Arguably, only the trade union movements such as the Nigerian Labour Congress formed a vibrant vanguard for democratic struggles challenging neoliberal policy and state hegemony. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 312-321 Issue: 152 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1313731 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1313731 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:152:p:312-321 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Robtel Neajai Pailey Author-X-Name-First: Robtel Neajai Author-X-Name-Last: Pailey Author-Name: David Harris Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Harris Title: Liberia’s run-up to 2017: continuity and change in a long history of electoral politics Abstract: If successfully orchestrated, the October 2017 elections in Liberia will mark the first time in recent memory when a democratically elected Liberian president – Ellen Johnson Sirleaf – will hand over power to a similarly elected head of state. This is very likely to be a close election and our Briefing investigates changes and continuities in the candidates, political parties, electoral processes and the workings of the Liberian state at a watershed moment in a long and shifting democratic history. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 322-335 Issue: 152 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1318361 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1318361 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:152:p:322-335 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pádraig Carmody Author-X-Name-First: Pádraig Author-X-Name-Last: Carmody Title: Assembling effective industrial policy in Africa: an agenda for action Abstract: Actor–network theory can be used to help understand effective industrialisation strategies. This paper deploys and develops this theory through the idea of multiple axes of strategic coupling, with reference to Ethiopia in particular. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 336-345 Issue: 152 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1333412 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1333412 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:152:p:336-345 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Lawrence Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Lawrence Title: A flawed freedom: rethinking southern African liberation; South Africa – the present as history: from Mrs Ples to Mandela and Marikana Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 346-351 Issue: 152 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1346156 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1346156 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:152:p:346-351 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Editorial working group Journal: Pages: ebi-ebi Issue: 71 Volume: 24 Year: 1997 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249708704234 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249708704234 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:24:y:1997:i:71:p:ebi-ebi Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mike Powell Author-X-Name-First: Mike Author-X-Name-Last: Powell Author-Name: David Seddon Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Seddon Title: NGOs & the development industry Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 3-10 Issue: 71 Volume: 24 Year: 1997 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249708704235 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249708704235 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:24:y:1997:i:71:p:3-10 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sheelagh Stewart Author-X-Name-First: Sheelagh Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart Title: Happy ever after in the marketplace: non‐government organisations and uncivil society Abstract: This following declaration, about NGOs and civil society, is typical of the hallowed tones used to discuss both. This article sets out to examine what I have called the ‘NGO phenomenon’ which has arisen in the last decade. It is not a critique of NGOs per se,but a critique of the way in which development policy has focused on NGOs, to the extent that expectations of NGO performance are unrealistically high and exclude other options for development. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 11-34 Issue: 71 Volume: 24 Year: 1997 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249708704236 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249708704236 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:24:y:1997:i:71:p:11-34 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tina Wallace Author-X-Name-First: Tina Author-X-Name-Last: Wallace Title: New development agendas: changes in UK NGO policies & procedures Abstract: This article reports on research carried out on changes in the operational management of a broad sample of British NGOs. Despite the diversity of NGOs it finds surprising convergence towards the application of certain managerial concepts and tools. Three of these ‐ Strategic Planning, Logical Framework Analysis and Evaluation are considered in detail and the questions of why they are being used and for what purpose posed. The evidence is overwhelmingly that they have been adopted to meet Northern needs ‐ to satisfy the demands of Northern funding institutions and to help NGO headquarters control growing organisations. Faced with this evidence the article looks critically at the claims that such NGO practice can be consistent with development theories which are based on greater empowerment of Southern ‘partners’ and is obliged to repeat arguments, previously thought to be widely accepted, that the use and understanding of such tools are culturally mediated and far from neutral. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 35-55 Issue: 71 Volume: 24 Year: 1997 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249708704237 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249708704237 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:24:y:1997:i:71:p:35-55 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nicholas Atampugre Author-X-Name-First: Nicholas Author-X-Name-Last: Atampugre Title: Aid, NGOs and grassroots development: Northern Burkina Faso Abstract: The last two decades (and perhaps the next decade) could be described as the age of Non‐Governmental Organisations (NGOs). These organisations have become important players on the development scene. They are also major recipients of international aid. Between 1970 and 1990 aid channelled through NGOs rose from $2.7 billion to $7.2 billion. This trend has continued, with the OECD estimating in 1993 that northern NGO spending is between $9 billion and $10 billion annually. The significance of NGO involvement is particularly marked in Africa. For example, in 1991 forty‐four World Bank assisted projects implemented by associated local NGOs took up 55 per cent of all loans and credits granted Africa that year (Marcussen, 1996:406). The increasing importance of what remains a poorly defined and heterogeneous sector is reflected not only in the amount of resources being channelled through these organisations but also in the increasing controversy surrounding their role in Africa's development. In this article, we review the experiences of two UK based NGOs ‐ Oxfam‐UK/Eire and ACORD ‐ who have been promoting (for nearly two decades now) grassroots development in a country which has not recently experienced conflict ‐ Burkina Faso. We draw lessons from their experiences and suggest that whilst some good work has been done, northern NGOs facilitating the emergence of grassroots organisations still face enormous challenges. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 57-73 Issue: 71 Volume: 24 Year: 1997 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249708704238 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249708704238 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:24:y:1997:i:71:p:57-73 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lars Rudebeck Author-X-Name-First: Lars Author-X-Name-Last: Rudebeck Title: ‘To seek happiness’: development in a West African village in the Era of democratisation Abstract: This article examines what democracy means to a people who have no direct word for it in their own language. It sets one village's experience of Guine‐Bissau's first multi‐party elections in the historic context of the struggle for independence, the failures of the one‐party state, the difficulties caused by structural adjustment. It sets this experience against theories of democracy as an ideal or as sets of formal arrangements and argues that whilst the latter may have been successfully implemented, democracy will be poorly rooted unless it leads to palpable socio‐economic progress. There are still many problems to be overcome, not least with the lack of resources available to the state, before this is likely to be achieved. This article follows others by Rudebeck: ‘Kandjadja, Guinea‐Bissau, 1976–1986: Observations on the Political Economy of an African village’ (ROAPENo. 41) and ‘The Effects of Structural Adjustment in Kandjadja, Guinea‐Bissau’ (ROAPENo. 49) ‐ which have sought to understand the impact of wider politcal and economic forces on this one village over time. This article is a continuation of that story. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 75-86 Issue: 71 Volume: 24 Year: 1997 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249708704239 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249708704239 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:24:y:1997:i:71:p:75-86 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jeremy Harding Author-X-Name-First: Jeremy Author-X-Name-Last: Harding Title: The mercenary business: ‘executive outcomes’ Abstract: Executive Outcomes is an army for hire. A sophisticated force, the ‘company’ will not work for rebel movements but contracts with ‘democratic’ governments. ‘Executive Outcomes is the small wave of the future in terms of defence and security, because the international community has abdicated that role’ (Barlow, 1997). Rather than being seen as mercenaries, they prefer the label of ‘corporate troubleshooters’, a niche which incorporates a huge unmet demand for security in Africa. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 87-97 Issue: 71 Volume: 24 Year: 1997 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249708704240 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249708704240 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:24:y:1997:i:71:p:87-97 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christian Lund Author-X-Name-First: Christian Author-X-Name-Last: Lund Title: Legitimacy, land & democracy in Niger Abstract: Niger experienced two major political reforms since 1986: a land tenure reform, a Rural Code, aimed at increasing security for the rural population through a codification and formalisation of indigenous land rights, followed by constitutional democracy in the early 1990s. Both reforms aimed at securing some basic rights and were expected to confer legitimacy on the state. The conjuncture of the two, however, unleashed an intensive political struggle, competition over jurisdiction between politico‐legal institutions and the decline of legitimacy of state institutions. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 99-112 Issue: 71 Volume: 24 Year: 1997 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249708704241 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249708704241 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:24:y:1997:i:71:p:99-112 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carolyn Baylies Author-X-Name-First: Carolyn Author-X-Name-Last: Baylies Author-Name: Morris Szeftel Author-X-Name-First: Morris Author-X-Name-Last: Szeftel Title: The 1996 Zambian elections: still awaiting democratic consolidation Abstract: On 18 November 1996 presidential and parliamentary elections were held for the second time under Zambia's Third Republic. The first elections, in October 1991, ended the unbroken grip on power enjoyed by the United National Independence Party (UNIP) since 1964 and returned the country to a multi‐party political system after 18 years as a one‐party state. UNIP was heavily defeated by the MMD (Movement for Multiparty Democracy) and Kenneth Kaunda, the country's president since 1964, was replaced by Frederick Chiluba. The peaceful nature of the changeover in 1991 was applauded locally and internationally. There was a sense of optimism about the country's democratic prospects. Zambia was widely held up as a model of successful democratic transition and aid flowed in, partly in support of the democratic experiment and partly because of the new regime's commitment to economic liberalisation and structural adjustment. In some cases donor support was specifically earmarked for the promotion of good government and the encouragement of civic education (Endnote 1). Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 113-128 Issue: 71 Volume: 24 Year: 1997 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249708704242 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249708704242 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:24:y:1997:i:71:p:113-128 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roy Love Author-X-Name-First: Roy Author-X-Name-Last: Love Title: On the Idea of an International Bantustan Journal: Pages: 129-131 Issue: 71 Volume: 24 Year: 1997 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249708704243 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249708704243 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:24:y:1997:i:71:p:129-131 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alfred Zack‐Williams Author-X-Name-First: Alfred Author-X-Name-Last: Zack‐Williams Title: Peacekeeping and an ‘african high command’: plus ca change, c' est la meme chose Journal: Pages: 131-137 Issue: 71 Volume: 24 Year: 1997 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249708704244 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249708704244 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:24:y:1997:i:71:p:131-137 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jim Cason Author-X-Name-First: Jim Author-X-Name-Last: Cason Title: The US: backing out of Africa Journal: Pages: 147-153 Issue: 71 Volume: 24 Year: 1997 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249708704246 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249708704246 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:24:y:1997:i:71:p:147-153 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Seddon Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Seddon Author-Name: Makoto Sato Author-X-Name-First: Makoto Author-X-Name-Last: Sato Title: Japanese aid and Africa Journal: Pages: 153-156 Issue: 71 Volume: 24 Year: 1997 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249708704247 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249708704247 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:24:y:1997:i:71:p:153-156 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roy Love Author-X-Name-First: Roy Author-X-Name-Last: Love Author-Name: Ray Bush Author-X-Name-First: Ray Author-X-Name-Last: Bush Author-Name: Morris Szeftel Author-X-Name-First: Morris Author-X-Name-Last: Szeftel Title: Book notes Abstract: Agenda for Africa's Economic Renewal, (1996), edited by Benno Ndulu and Nicolas van de Walle, Overseas Development Council, Washington: Transaction Publishers. The Politics of Difference: Ethnic Premises in a World of Power(1996), edited by Edwin N. Wilson and Patrick McAllister, University of Chicago Press. Decolonisation and African Society: the Labor Question in French and British Africa(1996) by Frederick Cooper, Cambridge University Press. Limits of Adjustment in Africa: the Effects of Economic Liberalisation, 1986–94(1996), edited by Poul Engberg‐Pederson, Peter Gibbon, Phil Raikes, Lars Udsholt. James Currey/Heinneman, Centre for Development Research: Copenhagen. From Bad Policy to Chaos in Somalia: How an Economy Fell Apart(1996), Jamil Abdalla Mubarak, Praeger, Westport, Conn. 181pp. Distributed by Eurospan, at £42.50. Reviewed by Chris Allen. Journal: Pages: 157-160 Issue: 71 Volume: 24 Year: 1997 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249708704248 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249708704248 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:24:y:1997:i:71:p:157-160 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Books received Journal: Pages: 160-161 Issue: 71 Volume: 24 Year: 1997 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249708704249 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249708704249 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:24:y:1997:i:71:p:160-161 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Ruth First prize Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 337-337 Issue: 149 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1215652 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1215652 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:149:p:337-337 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Emmanuelle Bouilly Author-X-Name-First: Emmanuelle Author-X-Name-Last: Bouilly Author-Name: Ophélie Rillon Author-X-Name-First: Ophélie Author-X-Name-Last: Rillon Author-Name: Hannah Cross Author-X-Name-First: Hannah Author-X-Name-Last: Cross Title: African women’s struggles in a gender perspective Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 338-349 Issue: 149 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1216671 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1216671 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:149:p:338-349 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yasmine Berriane Author-X-Name-First: Yasmine Author-X-Name-Last: Berriane Title: Bridging social divides: leadership and the making of an alliance for women’s land-use rights in Morocco Abstract: This article analyses a women’s movement that emerged in the context of increased land commodification in Morocco. It focuses on the dynamics that characterised the making of this coalition of actors across the social divide. It mainly analyses the division of tasks among the different partners, highlighting the role played by intermediate organisations and actors in connecting and merging together local, national and international norms, practices and actors. The empowerment of this intermediate layer of leaders indicates a gradual inversion of the power hierarchy and illustrates the fluidity of domination relationships within social movements. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 350-364 Issue: 149 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1214118 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1214118 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:149:p:350-364 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marie Saiget Author-X-Name-First: Marie Author-X-Name-Last: Saiget Title: (De-)Politicising women’s collective action: international actors and land inheritance in post-war Burundi Abstract: This article focuses on women’s collective action promoting land inheritance in Burundi. It aims to discuss the role of international actors in social transformations, questioning to what extent they have shaped women’s collective action since the 1970s, in particular since the country’s president took the official decision to stop the legislative and political process for adopting a law in 2011. The article argues that international actors are a central factor in (de-)politicisation by playing the role of a third party in the relationship between women’s associations and the state. These interactions produce a particular form of mobilisation that promotes law as a tool to build, frame and provide answers to the land issue. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 365-381 Issue: 149 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1214113 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1214113 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:149:p:365-381 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aili Mari Tripp Author-X-Name-First: Aili Mari Author-X-Name-Last: Tripp Title: Women’s mobilisation for legislative political representation in Africa Abstract: This article argues that women’s movements advocating for political representation in African legislatures are a key factor in explaining how rates of female legislative representation have tripled between 1990 and 2015. Coalitional efforts to introduce electoral quotas challenge key claims in the literature on developing countries that suggest that culture, a lack of economic growth, and oil revenues serve as impediments to increases in women’s legislative representation. Case studies of Senegal, Mauritania and Algeria illustrate some of the problems with these arguments and show the significance of collective women’s mobilisation. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 382-399 Issue: 149 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1214117 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1214117 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:149:p:382-399 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amanda Gouws Author-X-Name-First: Amanda Author-X-Name-Last: Gouws Title: Women’s activism around gender-based violence in South Africa: recognition, redistribution and representation Abstract: South Africa is a country struggling to come to grips with very high levels of gender-based violence (GBV) that is eroding the social fabric of society. Using Nancy Fraser’s theory of redistribution, recognition and representation as a starting point, the author shows the importance of acknowledging these dimensions in struggles and activism around GBV, illustrating the theory with the Shukumisa Campaign and the activities of the African National Congress Women’s League (ANCWL) in South Africa. Both these campaigns engage the state to end GBV in order to change conditions of misrecognition and maldistribution, yet with very different outcomes. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 400-415 Issue: 149 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1217838 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1217838 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:149:p:400-415 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Emmanuelle Bouilly Author-X-Name-First: Emmanuelle Author-X-Name-Last: Bouilly Title: Senegalese mothers ‘fight clandestine migration’: an intersectional perspective on activism and apathy among parents and spouses left behind Abstract: This article is about an association of Senegalese mothers who joined together to ‘fight clandestine migration’ after they lost many of their children who were attempting to migrate to Spain by boat in 2006. The article examines the gendered and generational dimensions of this community mobilisation, focusing on the motives and decisive factors behind the activism or non-engagement of the migrants’ parents and spouses. It demonstrates that the intersectionality of power relations (such as gender, age, economic status and matrimonial status) determined both the engagement or non-engagement of the migrants’ parents and spouses, and their respective roles and experiences of the migration. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 416-435 Issue: 149 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1217839 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1217839 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:149:p:416-435 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Natacha Filippi Author-X-Name-First: Natacha Author-X-Name-Last: Filippi Title: Women’s protests: gender, imprisonment and resistance in South Africa (Pollsmoor Prison, 1970s–90s) Abstract: This article presents a historical investigation of the modalities of protest adopted by women prisoners in South Africa from the 1970s to 1994. It explores how the introduction of a gender perspective provides new insights on the strategies of adaptation and resistance within closed institutions and the way these were intertwined with broader social dynamics. The article focuses on the criminalisation processes to which black women were subjected under apartheid, on how the beginning of the democratic transition coincided with the emergence of new actors inside prisons and on the participation of women in the 1994 large-scale prison revolts. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 436-450 Issue: 149 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1214114 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1214114 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:149:p:436-450 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Temitope Oriola Author-X-Name-First: Temitope Author-X-Name-Last: Oriola Title: ‘I acted like a man’: exploring female ex-insurgents’ narratives on Nigeria’s oil insurgency Abstract: This paper explores how a small sample of female ex-insurgents make sense of their engagement in Nigeria’s oil insurgency. The study is informed by three key questions: How did Delta women join the insurgency? Why did they join? How do they frame their participation? The paper analyses the prevalence of a masculinising rhetoric among participants. The majority of participants view their roles in the insurgency as antithetical to their gender. The implications of these findings are explored. Overall, the paper contributes to the growing body of work on women’s engagement in armed conflict as perpetrators rather than victims of violence. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 451-469 Issue: 149 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1182013 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1182013 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:149:p:451-469 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Theodore Baird Author-X-Name-First: Theodore Author-X-Name-Last: Baird Title: The geopolitics of Turkey's ‘humanitarian diplomacy’ in Somalia: a critique Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 470-477 Issue: 149 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1084913 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1084913 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:149:p:470-477 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bernard Ugochukwu Nwosu Author-X-Name-First: Bernard Ugochukwu Author-X-Name-Last: Nwosu Author-Name: Thaddeus Chidi Nzeadibe Author-X-Name-First: Thaddeus Chidi Author-X-Name-Last: Nzeadibe Author-Name: Peter Oluchukwu Mbah Author-X-Name-First: Peter Oluchukwu Author-X-Name-Last: Mbah Title: Waste and well-being: a political economy of informal waste management and public policy in urban West Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 478-488 Issue: 149 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1084914 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1084914 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:149:p:478-488 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ejike Udeogu Author-X-Name-First: Ejike Author-X-Name-Last: Udeogu Title: Financialisation and economic growth in Nigeria Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 489-503 Issue: 149 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1085377 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1085377 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:149:p:489-503 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ehis Michael Odijie Author-X-Name-First: Ehis Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Odijie Title: Diminishing returns and agricultural involution in Côte d'Ivoire's cocoa sector Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 504-517 Issue: 149 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1085381 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1085381 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:149:p:504-517 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bongani Masuku Author-X-Name-First: Bongani Author-X-Name-Last: Masuku Author-Name: Peter Limb Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Limb Title: Swaziland: the struggle for political freedom and democracy Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 518-527 Issue: 149 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1084916 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1084916 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:149:p:518-527 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Egle Cesnulyte Author-X-Name-First: Egle Author-X-Name-Last: Cesnulyte Title: Women and the informal economy in urban Africa: from the margins to the centre Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 528-529 Issue: 149 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1216751 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1216751 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:149:p:528-529 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hannah Cross Author-X-Name-First: Hannah Author-X-Name-Last: Cross Title: Muslim families in global Senegal: money takes care of shame Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 529-530 Issue: 149 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1214401 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1214401 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:149:p:529-530 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fenella Porter Author-X-Name-First: Fenella Author-X-Name-Last: Porter Title: Gender and the political economy of conflict in Africa: the persistence of violence Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 530-532 Issue: 149 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1214402 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1214402 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:149:p:530-532 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Editorial working group Journal: Pages: ebi-ebi Issue: 87 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704498 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704498 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:87:p:ebi-ebi Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carolyn Baylies Author-X-Name-First: Carolyn Author-X-Name-Last: Baylies Author-Name: Marcus Power Author-X-Name-First: Marcus Author-X-Name-Last: Power Title: Civil society, kleptocracy & donor agendas: what future for Africa? Journal: Pages: 5-8 Issue: 87 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704499 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704499 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:87:p:5-8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chasca Twyman Author-X-Name-First: Chasca Author-X-Name-Last: Twyman Author-Name: Andrew Dougill Author-X-Name-First: Andrew Author-X-Name-Last: Dougill Author-Name: Deborah Sporton Author-X-Name-First: Deborah Author-X-Name-Last: Sporton Author-Name: David Thomas Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Thomas Title: Community fencing in open rangelands: self‐empowerment in Eastern Namibia Abstract: This article examines the cross‐cutting debates of empowerment, vulnerability, sustainability and livelihoods within the local and global contexts relevant to the people of Okonyoka, a settlement of less than 150 people situated in the heart of Eastern Namibia's southern communal lands. Here, people are adapting their livelihoods flexibly in response to both environmental natural resource variability and to changes in social institutions and land use policies. Drought‐coping strategies, privatisation of the range through fencing and changes to social networks, all have both positive and negative impacts on people's everyday lives. Okonyoka is the first settlement to erect a community fence in Eastern Namibia's southern communal area, but surrounding settlements are impressed with the positive environmental and societal results and are planning to follow suit. Such fences can, however, inhibit neighbouring people's livihoods, particularly the poor or socially excluded, and can change long‐standing regional drought‐coping strategies. Though the policy context is dynamic and changing, such moves have the potential to radically change the landscape of communal areas. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 9-26 Issue: 87 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704500 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704500 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:87:p:9-26 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rok Ajulu Author-X-Name-First: Rok Author-X-Name-Last: Ajulu Title: Thabo Mbeki's African renaissance in a globalising world economy: the struggle for the soul of the continent Abstract: The idea of an African renaissance has once again re‐emerged on the continental agenda, and as in the past, it has captured the imagination of a number of scholars, journalists, and politicians. In South Africa, where the African renaissance has come to be associated with the political ideas of President Thabo Mbeki, it has been broadly interpreted as calling for African political renewal and economic regeneration. Mbeki speaks of the rebirth and renewal of the continent, the establishment of democratic political systems, the achievement of sustainable economic development and the changing of Africa's place in the world economy so that Africa becomes free of the yoke of the international debt burden, and no longer a supplier of raw materials or an importer of manufactured goods. At the core of Mbeki's renaissance therefore, is a deep concern with the position of the continent within a rapidly globalising world economy. While Mbeki acknowledges that these aspirations are not new from the point of view of continental struggles for emancipation, he argues that conditions currently exist in which they can be achieved. Among these, he has identified the end of the cold‐war, completion of the process of decolonisation on the continent, and the acceleration of the process of globalisation itself. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 27-42 Issue: 87 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704501 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704501 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:87:p:27-42 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Julie Hearn Author-X-Name-First: Julie Author-X-Name-Last: Hearn Title: The ‘uses and abuses’ of civil society in Africa Abstract: The current discourse on ‘civil society’ in Africa, conducted by Northern governments, international NGOs, activists and academics, often presents civil society as the locus sine qua nonfor progressive politics, the place where people organise to make their lives better, even a site of resistance. This article seeks to remind us that, as originally theorized by Antonio Gramsci, civil society is a potential battleground. It also constitutes an arena in which states and other powerful actors intervene to influence the political agendas of organised groups with the intention of defusing opposition. This article examines the extent to which this form of civil society is being constituted in Africa, in particular, through Northern government support to African policy‐oriented organisations. It does this by looking at three quite distinct national contexts and investigating the relationship between the dominant development project in each, undertaken by the government in ‘strategic collaboration’ with donors and civil society. It focuses on Ghana, South Africa and Uganda during the late 1990s. All three countries have been paradigmatic in terms of donor visions for the continent and have attracted some of the largest aid packages that specifically target ‘civil society’. It is argued that donors have been successful in influencing the current version of civil society in these countries so that a vocal, well‐funded section of it, which intervenes on key issues of national development strategy, acts not as a force for challenging the status quo,but for building societal consensus for maintaining it. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 43-53 Issue: 87 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704502 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704502 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:87:p:43-53 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Greg Cameron Author-X-Name-First: Greg Author-X-Name-Last: Cameron Title: Taking stock of pastoralist NGOs in Tanzania Abstract: The article begins with a brief history of the land pressures on pastoralism that gave rise to the emergence of pastoralist NGOs in Tanzania and the formation of an umbrella body — the Pastoralist Indigenous Non‐Governmental Organization (PINGOs) Forum — intended to serve their collective interests. Through focusing on some of the affiliates of the PINGOs Forum, the article outlines the leadership and organisational problems that beset its members and which set the conditions for its domination by one of its founder NGOs. Investigation of the influence of Western donors suggests that there has been a shift in PINGOs’ efforts both into activities best done by its affiliates or upwards and outwards to the transnational level. While acknowledging the difficulty of engaging in politics as usual, the failure of PINGOs’ to situate itself within wider processes of political debate in Tanzania has further isolated pastoralist issues from policy makers and citizenry alike. In conclusion the article points to alternative approaches that activists could pursue in the future. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 55-72 Issue: 87 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704503 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704503 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:87:p:55-72 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. B. Zack‐Williams Author-X-Name-First: A. B. Author-X-Name-Last: Zack‐Williams Title: Child soldiers in the civil war in Sierra Leone Abstract: This article examines the factors which have brought children into social movements challenging those wielding political power in Sierra Leone. It reviews the manner of their recruitment and the roles they have played in the civil war. The analysis is premised on the notion that peripheral capitalism has transformed the form of the family, loosening controls over children. With ongoing crises in both the economic and political realms undermining kinship structures and leaving children with little security, some have turned to surrogate families for protection, either on the street or in the ranks of combatants. Although some of the children who have participated in the war have been volunteers, thousands more have been abducted and socialised via brute violence by both sides. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 73-82 Issue: 87 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704504 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704504 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:87:p:73-82 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dave Bartlett Author-X-Name-First: Dave Author-X-Name-Last: Bartlett Title: Human rights, democracy & the donors: the first MMD government in Zambia Abstract: At the beginning of the 1990s the stage appeared set for an era of global democratisation with western attention particularly focused on Africa. After the 1991 election Zambia was praised by western donor countries and the International Financial Institutions (IFIs) as a beacon which heralded political transformation across the continent. Yet any exploration of the Movement for Multi‐Party Democracy's (MMD) political performance, its record in developing human rights, or the personal integrity of ministers would have revealed this acclaim to be unfounded. This contention is substantiated through an examination of the areas of personal security and government/ press relations. It is argued that donor support for political reform was grounded in their desire for the implementation of structural adjustment programmes and economic liberalising measures which resulted in the concept of democracy with which they were associated, becoming discredited. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 83-91 Issue: 87 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704505 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704505 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:87:p:83-91 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Bulletin board Journal: Pages: 93-98 Issue: 87 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704506 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704506 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:87:p:93-98 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Caroline Ifeka Author-X-Name-First: Caroline Author-X-Name-Last: Ifeka Title: Oil, NGOs & youths: struggles for resource control in the Niger delta Abstract: The Niger Delta, one of the world's largest wetlands and the sixth largest exporter of crude oil, is notorious for environmental pollution, poverty and violence. For four decades the Federal Nigerian Government has neglected its obligations to fishing communities in the vicinity of oil wells or facing offshore platforms. Although the Federal Government takes 60% of the dollar sales of crude oil (40% goes to the oil companies), the political class has declined to regulate gas flaring, pipeline maintenance or levels of spillage. Frustrated by their exclusion from the benefits of oil, militant youths attack oil company installations, hi‐jack personnel, and lay waste to villages believed to harbour oil reserves, leaving many homeless. These angry subalterns believe that their communities own and should control of the natural resources in their vicinity. The consequence is an increase of casualties in inter‐communal raids and counter‐raids, in wildfires at spillage sites, and in shootings by ‘mobile police’ when demonstrating youths enter the oil installations that they guard. Journal: Pages: 99-105 Issue: 87 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704507 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704507 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:87:p:99-105 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: SADC puts on a new face Journal: Pages: 105-108 Issue: 87 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704508 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704508 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:87:p:105-108 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Briefing by president thabo mbeki at the world economy forum meeting, davos, 28 January 2001 Journal: Pages: 108-110 Issue: 87 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704509 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704509 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:87:p:108-110 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joseph Hanlon Author-X-Name-First: Joseph Author-X-Name-Last: Hanlon Title: Mozambique wins long battle over cashew nuts & sugar Journal: Pages: 111-112 Issue: 87 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704510 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704510 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:87:p:111-112 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maude Barlow Author-X-Name-First: Maude Author-X-Name-Last: Barlow Title: The last frontier: GATS Abstract: A global agreement currently being negotiated will allow corporations to take over the world's public services ‐whether people want it or not. If implemented, it will spell the end of the public sector. Journal: Pages: 112-119 Issue: 87 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704511 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704511 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:87:p:112-119 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Seddon Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Seddon Title: Japanese aid strategy Journal: Pages: 119-121 Issue: 87 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704512 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704512 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:87:p:119-121 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shapi Shacinda Author-X-Name-First: Shapi Author-X-Name-Last: Shacinda Title: COMESA ‐ Africa's first free trade area Journal: Pages: 121-122 Issue: 87 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704513 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704513 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:87:p:121-122 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Munetsi Madakufamba Author-X-Name-First: Munetsi Author-X-Name-Last: Madakufamba Title: NGOs warn rich nations to accelerate debt cancellation or face repudiation Journal: Pages: 122-125 Issue: 87 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704514 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704514 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:87:p:122-125 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martin Plant Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Plant Title: Towards a cold peace? the outcome of the ethiopia ‐Eritrea war of 1988 ‐ 2000 Abstract: The conflict between Ethiopia and Eritrea, that broke out on 6 May 1998 was formally ended on 12 December 2000, when both countries signed a framework peace agreement in the Algerian capital, Algiers. The agreement came as a huge relief to the people of both countries, who had paid such a high price for the war, which claimed some 100,000 lives and displaced more than 600,000 civilians (Ethiopia Humanitarian Update, 22 December 2000, UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, Ethiopia). The cost in financial terms has run into hundreds of millions of dollars, as both governments vied for military supremacy, buying the arms they needed from international dealers at vast expense. As both rank among the poorest countries in the world, it was a price that neither could afford. Journal: Pages: 125-129 Issue: 87 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704515 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704515 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:87:p:125-129 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Moore Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Moore Title: From King leopold to King Kabila in the Congo: the continuities & contradictions of the long road from warlordism to democracy in the heart of Africa Journal: Pages: 130-135 Issue: 87 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704516 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704516 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:87:p:130-135 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hugh McCullum Author-X-Name-First: Hugh Author-X-Name-Last: McCullum Title: Patient rights priority over pharmaceutical profits Journal: Pages: 135-137 Issue: 87 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704517 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704517 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:87:p:135-137 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lynne Brydon Author-X-Name-First: Lynne Author-X-Name-Last: Brydon Title: Slavery & labour in West Africa Journal: Pages: 137-140 Issue: 87 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704518 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704518 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:87:p:137-140 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roy Love Author-X-Name-First: Roy Author-X-Name-Last: Love Title: Book notes Abstract: Anderson, David M & Vigdis Broch‐Due, The Poor are Not Us: Poverty and Pastoralism in Eastern Africa,Eastern African Studies, James Currey 1999. Negashe, Tekeste & Kjetil Tronvoll, Brothers at War: Making Sense of the Eritrean‐Ethiopian War, Eastern African Studies, James Currey 2000. Henze, Paul B, Layers of Time: A History of Ethiopia,Hurst 2000. Toulmin, Camila and Julian Quan, Evolving Land Rights, Policy and Tenure in Africa,IIED and DfID, London 2000. Woodhouse, Philip, Henry Bernstein & David Hulme, African Enclosures? The Social Dynamics of Wetlands in Drylands, James Currey; David Philip; Africa World Press; EAEP, 2000. Dashwood, Hevina S, Zimbabwe: The Political Economy of Transformation,University of Toronto Press, 2000. Journal: Pages: 141-144 Issue: 87 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704519 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704519 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:87:p:141-144 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Books received Journal: Pages: 143-144 Issue: 87 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704520 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704520 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:87:p:143-144 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Editorial working group Journal: Pages: ebi-ebi Issue: 79 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704356 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704356 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:79:p:ebi-ebi Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chris Allen Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Allen Title: Africa & the drugs trade Journal: Pages: 5-11 Issue: 79 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704357 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704357 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:79:p:5-11 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Henry Bernstein Author-X-Name-First: Henry Author-X-Name-Last: Bernstein Title: Ghana's drug economy: some preliminary data Abstract: Ghana's drug economy is relatively recent. Cannabis cultivation and trade, for domestic consumption and export, appears to have expanded significantly only since the 1960s. The transit/re‐export of cocaine and heroin is a phenomenon of the 1980s, with the usual ‘spillover’ effect, and extension of their consumption to a wider social range of users than is commonly believed. The cannabis economy no doubt provides important sources of income for significant numbers of farmers and intermediaries in the chain of distribution. Large rewards for smuggling cocaine and heroin facilitate the recruitment of couriers, despite the high risks. While it is fatuous to suggest any simple or necessary connection between socioeconomic conditions and the nature, extent and patterns of drug production, trafficking and consumption, it can be hypothesised that the growth of the drug economy in Ghana has some relation to the enduring crisis of development and livelihoods, and its effects for social change. The drug economy in Africa today is probably one of the most dynamic and valuable spheres of ‘non‐traditional’ exports and re‐exports. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 13-32 Issue: 79 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704358 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704358 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:79:p:13-32 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reginald Green Author-X-Name-First: Reginald Author-X-Name-Last: Green Title: & the realities of Somalis: historic, social, household, political & economic Abstract: This article presents a brief review of khatt; a macro analysis of its roles in the Republic of Somaliland; briefer sketches of divergences of roles in other Somali heartland territories and Kenya concluding with a speculative section on what might be desirable (for Somalis) ways forward. All of these topics are bedevilled by limited prior research, the special pleading strands in much writing, the difficulty in knowing of or securing much of what is known and written and the intensely emotional context of most discourse. The last is not inherently a bad thing — khattmatters. Half of urban household absolute poverty, of farmer cash income and of female instituted divorces are not matters particularly appropriate for mild, disassociated academic curiosity. However, emotion leading to a rush to unanalysed action, and to inventing ‘symbolic truths’, which have meaning but not analytical veridicality, can be the enemy of, just as much as the catalyst toward, the possible. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 33-49 Issue: 79 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704359 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704359 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:79:p:33-49 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Axel Klein Author-X-Name-First: Axel Author-X-Name-Last: Klein Title: Nigeria & the drugs war Abstract: Over the past five years the Nigerian government has taken dramatic steps to improve the country's reputation as an international drug trafficking centre. As most of the emphasis has fallen on law enforcement and repression there has been a sharp increase in arrest rates and the prison population. In spite of such severe measures a correlative fall in consumption has not been registered. There is a danger that Nigeria is not only repeating the unsuccessful strategies employed in the US, but is also failing to take account of the very different conditions in the local drug scene. It follows that the ostensible outcome of drug control — reduced consumption and trafficking — has become secondary to the manipulation of drug law enforcement for the extension of state authority and to effect social and political control. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 51-73 Issue: 79 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704360 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704360 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:79:p:51-73 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: William Brown Author-X-Name-First: William Author-X-Name-Last: Brown Title: The EU & structural adjustment: the case of Lomé IV & Zimbabwe Abstract: This article will assess European Union (EU) (Endnote 1) structural adjustment support and the relationship of it to the policies of the IMF and World Bank in the case of Zimbabwe. It will argue that contrary to the claims of the EU Commission, aid from the Convention has become dominated by adjustment concerns and that these are closely tied to the priorities of the Bretton Woods institutions. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 75-91 Issue: 79 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704361 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704361 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:79:p:75-91 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roger Southall Author-X-Name-First: Roger Author-X-Name-Last: Southall Title: Re‐forming the state? Kleptocracy & the political transition in Kenya Abstract: Kenya's general election of December 1997 saw the return of President Daniel Arap Moi and the Kenya African National Union (KANU) but has inaugurated a period of intense political fluidity. On the one hand, the ruling party won the election, but its sense of vulnerability has been reinforced by widespread recognition that a less divided opposition could have displaced it. On the other, apparent acceptance by the President of a 1992 constitutional amendment which dictates that his re‐election would signal his last term of office has precipitated a struggle around the succession. In turn, the uncertainty has been compounded by the fact that, prior to the election, the government was forced to concede a political reform package which not only partially corrected the imbalance in the electoral rules which systematically favoured the ruling party, but which also conceded that these changes would lead on to an open‐ended review of the constitution starting in the new year (Southall, 1998). The immediate outcome has been dramatic, for whilst Moi has been casting around to shore up the increasingly shaky foundations of his regime, rivals for the presidency have begun to jockey for position and the opposition parties to re‐assess their options and relations to both KANU and each other. Additionally, the political class as a whole has been shaken by a series of financial scandals which threatens its control over an increasingly troubled economy. In short, whilst the new fluidity suggests some opportunity for a genuine democratic opening, the situation is also fraught with the danger of a simultaneous collapse of the state and of the ramshackle foundations which sustain it. Yet even if Kenya does pull off a ‘successful’ transition, it does not follow that this will matched by the arrival of a new government able and willing to confront the political roots of the economy's stagnation. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 93-108 Issue: 79 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704362 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704362 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:79:p:93-108 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Adam Habib Author-X-Name-First: Adam Author-X-Name-Last: Habib Author-Name: Rupert Taylor Author-X-Name-First: Rupert Author-X-Name-Last: Taylor Title: Parliamentary opposition & democratic consolidation in South Africa Abstract: We print below a contribution which argues the need for an effective electoral opposition in South Africa that is class and policy‐based rather than racially conceived. It can be linked both to recent articles on shifts in the ANC's policies and economic strategy (Saul, Gall, and Adams, all in Review 72 of 1997, McDonald in 75, and Padayachee, and Hall, in 76 — both 1998), and to earlier Debates pieces on the relationship between nationalism and democracy in South Africa, notably that by Robert Fine in Review 45/6 (1989). Journal: Pages: 109-115 Issue: 79 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704363 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704363 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:79:p:109-115 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ernest Harsch Author-X-Name-First: Ernest Author-X-Name-Last: Harsch Title: Africa, asia & anxieties about globalisation Journal: Pages: 117-123 Issue: 79 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704364 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704364 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:79:p:117-123 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Meredeth Turshen Author-X-Name-First: Meredeth Author-X-Name-Last: Turshen Title: West African workshop on women in the aftermath of civil war Journal: Pages: 123-131 Issue: 79 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704365 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704365 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:79:p:123-131 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Declaration de la coalition anti-guerre des femmes Africaines Journal: Pages: 132-133 Issue: 79 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704366 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704366 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:79:p:132-133 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Matt Bryden Author-X-Name-First: Matt Author-X-Name-Last: Bryden Title: New hope for Somalia? The building block approach Journal: Pages: 134-140 Issue: 79 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704367 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704367 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:79:p:134-140 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Silas Alashi Author-X-Name-First: Silas Author-X-Name-Last: Alashi Title: National parks & biodiversity conservation: problems with participatory forestry management Journal: Pages: 140-144 Issue: 79 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704368 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704368 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:79:p:140-144 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: European union aid scandal Journal: Pages: 145-145 Issue: 79 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704369 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704369 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:79:p:145-145 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Why is nobody listening? The issue of ‘GMOV's’ Abstract: In this issue (also see ROAPE 77 & 78) we continue to be concerned about the tidal wave of protest that our government's are ignoring regarding the use of genetically modified organisms, and why. The bio-tech industry is big business and as we approach the 21st century there is increasing evidence of the emergence of the global corporation - a form of corporate feudalism. This 'profits before people' stance is even more threatening in less developed countries, locking peasants into a future of total dependence - a new form of enslavement. Journal: Pages: 145-147 Issue: 79 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704370 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704370 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:79:p:145-147 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Munetsi Madakufamba Author-X-Name-First: Munetsi Author-X-Name-Last: Madakufamba Title: New Euro challenges Dollar hegemony: impact on SADC still to come Journal: Pages: 147-150 Issue: 79 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704371 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704371 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:79:p:147-150 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bill Freund Author-X-Name-First: Bill Author-X-Name-Last: Freund Title: Book reviews Abstract: Union Power in the Nigerian Textile Industry; Labour Regime and Adjustmentby Gunilla Andrae and Björn Beckman, Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, 1998. East African Alternatives Journal: Pages: 151-154 Issue: 79 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704372 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704372 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:79:p:151-154 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roy Love Author-X-Name-First: Roy Author-X-Name-Last: Love Author-Name: Ray Bush Author-X-Name-First: Ray Author-X-Name-Last: Bush Author-Name: Morris Szeftel Author-X-Name-First: Morris Author-X-Name-Last: Szeftel Title: Book notes Abstract: Corruption and the Crisis of Industrial Reforms in Africa(1998), by John Mbaku, Edwin Mellen Press, Lampeter, ISBN 0–7734–8351–9. Developing Uganda(1998), edited by H B Hansen, M Twaddle, Fountain (Kampala), James Currey (London), Ohio UP (USA), E.A.E.P (Nairobi), ISBN 0–85255–395–1. Changing Gender Relations in Southern Africa: Issues of Urban Life(1998), edited by A Larsson, M Mapetla, A Schyler, Institute of Southern African Studies, National University of Lesotho, Roma, Lesotho, ISBN 99911–31–21–3. African Guerrillas(1998), edited by C Clapham, James Currey, ISBN 0–85255–815–5. The Politics of Opposition in Contemporary Africa(1998), edited by Adebayo Olukoshi, Nordiska Afrikain‐stitutet, ISBN 91–7106–419–2. Perspectives on Africa: A Reader in Culture, History and Representation(1997), edited by R R Grinker, C B Steiner, Blackwell, ISBN 1–55786–686–4. Ethnic Diversity and Public Policy: A Comparative Enquiry(1998), edited by Crawford Young, UNRISD, Macmillan, ISBN 0–333–65389–0. Famine Crimes: Politics and the Disaster Relief Industry in Africa(1997), Alex de Waal, African Rights and the International African Institute in association with James Currey Publishers and Indiana University Press ISBN 0–85255–810–4. Journal: Pages: 155-159 Issue: 79 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704373 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704373 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:79:p:155-159 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Books received Journal: Pages: 159-159 Issue: 79 Volume: 26 Year: 1999 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056249908704374 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056249908704374 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:26:y:1999:i:79:p:159-159 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Editors Journal: Pages: ebi-ebi Issue: 90 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704560 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704560 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:90:p:ebi-ebi Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marcus Power Author-X-Name-First: Marcus Author-X-Name-Last: Power Title: Patrimonialism & petro‐diamond capitalism: peace, geopolitics & the economics of war in Angola Journal: Pages: 489-502 Issue: 90 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704561 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704561 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:90:p:489-502 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Simon Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Simon Title: The bitter harvest of war: continuing social & humanitarian dislocation in Angola Abstract: Angola's seemingly endless civil war has generated untold human suffering through death, injury, displacement and destruction. The social cost of the return to war after the elections in 1992, and again after the abandonment by UNITA of the Lusaka Accords in late 1998 has arguably been greater than previously. This paper examines the human cost of this latest period of fighting, focusing on the scale and nature of displacement, the collapse of infrastructure and services, and the very costly international humanitarian operation. Paradoxically, the crisis has worsened since the Angolan army's dramatic territorial gains against UNITA, as more displaced people become accessible and resources are stretched yet further. Economic dislocation is profound, health and educational indicators are alarming, while poverty is pervasive in both urban and rural areas. Resettlement and rehabilitation efforts are slow and limited; even if a durable and effective peace is eventually secured, the long‐term challenges of human recovery, social reconstruction and participatory development will be immense. Critical questions are raised about the likely nature of this process. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 503-520 Issue: 90 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704562 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704562 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:90:p:503-520 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Assis Malaquias Author-X-Name-First: Assis Author-X-Name-Last: Malaquias Title: Making war & lots of money: the political economy of protracted conflict in Angola Abstract: The civil war in Angola has mutated into a major criminal enterprise. Once regarded as a conflict caused primarily by ethnic and class divisions exacerbated by Cold War ideological rivalries, Angola's protracted conflict is now a convenient cover used by the elites commanding the principal antagonists ‐ the governing Movimento Popular de Libertacao de Angola (MPLA) and the rebel Uniao Nacional para Independencia Total de Angola (UNITA) movement ‐ to enrich themselves. The consequences for the country and its people have been devastating. Angola is being reduced to ashes: destruction, death and incessant suffering consume the daily lives of all but a few of its citizens. This article examines the internal and external dimensions of this war for Angola's oil and diamond wealth. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 521-536 Issue: 90 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704563 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704563 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:90:p:521-536 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Steve Kibble Author-X-Name-First: Steve Author-X-Name-Last: Kibble Author-Name: Alex Vines Author-X-Name-First: Alex Author-X-Name-Last: Vines Title: Angola: new hopes for civil society? Abstract: How does emerging Angolan civil society help bring about needed peace and constructive international support when the entire recent history of their country has been of internal repression and war aided by external, mostly malign, intervention with a million and a half people killed since 1975? On the face of it, civil society seems unlikely to succeed where elite negotiations and UN interventions have been so spectacularly unsuccessful, but there are some hopeful signs and some possible points of pressure ‐not least the fact that civil society may have greater popular legitimacy (if rather less power) than any of the political parties and government institutions. None the less it is important not to romanticise the attempts of Angolans to organise themselves for self‐help, peace promotion and the like. Many organisations do not last, there are divisions amongst and between groups and a lack of government structures able or interested in dialogue. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 537-548 Issue: 90 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704564 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704564 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:90:p:537-548 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Filip Boeck Author-X-Name-First: Filip Author-X-Name-Last: Boeck Title: worlds: digging, dying & ‘hunting’ for diamonds in Angola Abstract: This article offers a brief presentation of the diamond smuggling activities between the Angolan province of Lunda Norte and the bordering Congolese Kasai and (especially) Kwango region (and more particularly the administrative units of Kahemba and Kasongo Lunda. Over the past two decades these areas have become central in contributing to the ‘dollarisation’ of local economies in both Angola and Democratic Republic of Congo. As a result, national currencies in the two countries lost much of their significance throughout the 1990s. Whereas the major cities in Congo and Angola have in many respects become ‘village’ or ‘forest‐like’, the ‘bush’ on the border between Congo and Lunda Norte is the place where dollars have been generated, and where villages have transformed themselves, at least temporarily, into booming diamond settlements. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 549-562 Issue: 90 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704565 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704565 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:90:p:549-562 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: George Wright Author-X-Name-First: George Author-X-Name-Last: Wright Title: The Clinton administration's policy toward Angola: an assessment Abstract: This article assesses President Bill Clinton's foreign policy towards Angola within the context of United States’ post‐World War II foreign policy, Clinton's overall foreign policy, and his approach towards sub‐Saharan Africa. In September, 1992, multi‐party elections based on national reconciliation were held in Angola. After losing those elections to President Jose Eduardo dos Santos and the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) Jonas Savimbi and his National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) returned to warfare, quickly gaining control of over 70 per cent of the country. The Bush administration responded to Savimbi's actions by proposing a new round of negotiations based on ‘power sharing’, designed to give Savimbi and UNITA another chance to gain state power. President Clinton extended diplomatic relations to the Government of Angola, but also promoted the power sharing solution. In 1984 an agreement was made between the Government and UNITA, which led to a government of national unity in 1997. Savimbi, however, continued to terrorise the Angolan society. Two central questions raised in this assessment are: 1) Why was Savimbi able to sustain his military option? and 2) Was the Clinton administration actually committed to ‘national reconciliation’ in Angola? The current analysis shows that: 1) Savimbi sustained his military option because UNITA earned over $3 billion smuggling diamonds, enabling him to purchase ample supplies of weapons; and 2) as long as Western business interests made profits there, the instability wrought by Savimbi was acceptable to the hegemonic interests of the United States. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 563-576 Issue: 90 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704566 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704566 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:90:p:563-576 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Allan Cain Author-X-Name-First: Allan Author-X-Name-Last: Cain Title: Humanitarian & development actors as peacebuilders? Abstract: The article argues that despite ample justification for donor fatigue, the international community has, in fact, stayed engaged in Angola during the last decade. Investment in humanitarian and development/rehabilitation programming can be understood as a donor strategy for influencing regional stability and building peace. The war raises risks for the major powers who have progressively increased their stake in the lucrative Angolan petroleum economy. The Community Rehabilitation Programme (CRP) launched in Brussels in 1995 had a clear agenda to help consolidate the peace process launched in Lusaka in 1994 and the donor financial support necessary to make the plan viable. The author argues that the CRP programme incorporated some of the essential elements for effective peace building. These fundamentals included: institutional reform, rural‐urban economic equilibration, social and infrastructural rehabilitation and community buy‐in. The opportunity to have a real impact on the peace process was missed due to the failure of key implementing actors to put an effective operational programme in place in a timely manner. Donor's and more importantly communities, lost patience and the CRP was effectively sidelined. When a belated extension of state administration was attempted in 1998, the CRP mechanism was already moribund. A strategic opportunity to involve communities in the process of civic reconstruction paid for by international donors was wasted. Lessons from these failures can be drawn and the analysis applied to develop improved strategies for engaging communities, local government and other actors such as donors. A renewed programme for alleviating the Angolan humanitarian crisis and at the same time contributing to the peace process is proposed through strengthening communities’ capacities and investing in civic institutions. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 577-586 Issue: 90 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704567 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704567 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:90:p:577-586 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jedrzej Frynas Author-X-Name-First: Jedrzej Author-X-Name-Last: Frynas Author-Name: Geoffrey Wood Author-X-Name-First: Geoffrey Author-X-Name-Last: Wood Title: Oil & war in Angola Abstract: This article investigates the impact of oil on the war in Angola. It demonstrates that mineral wealth has not only financed Angola's war but has also intimately shaped the contours of the conflict. MPLA's access to oil revenues and UNITA's to diamonds can help to explain the duration and character of the conflict, and, to some extent, even the timing of military operations. The logic of the ‘resource curse’ has had a major impact on the make‐up of Angola's political economy and has been decisive in the erosion of state legitimacy, which in turn has had important consequences for the prospects for peace. The activities of foreign oil companies have affected the shape of the conflict; the intense competition for oil concessions has led to a number of different companies seeking the favour of the Angolan state elite through dubious charitable donations, weapons deals, and other forms of assistance. On a theoretical level, the article questions liberal assumptions about the positive effects of trade on peace. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 587-606 Issue: 90 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704568 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704568 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:90:p:587-606 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vladimir Shubin Author-X-Name-First: Vladimir Author-X-Name-Last: Shubin Author-Name: Andrei Tokarev Author-X-Name-First: Andrei Author-X-Name-Last: Tokarev Title: War in Angola: a Soviet dimension Abstract: This article addresses the political and military relationship between the Soviet Union and Angola between 1961 and 1991. It examines some of the problems between the two countries and is based on newly available archival material and interviews. Soviet policy towards Southern Africa and Angola has been the subject of a lot of academic research in the West, especially during the ‘Cold War’, yet many aspects remain controversial and contested. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 607-618 Issue: 90 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704569 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704569 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:90:p:607-618 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paul Robson Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Robson Author-Name: Sandra Roque Author-X-Name-First: Sandra Author-X-Name-Last: Roque Title: ‘Here in the city, everything has to be paid for’: locating the community in peri‐urban Angola Abstract: The following article is a preliminary summary of research carried out for ADRA and the Development Workshop Angola about communities, solidarity and collective action in peri‐urban areas of Angola. Full reports in Portuguese and English will be published as Development Workshop Occasional Papers. The strategies of development organisations in Angola have increasingly focused on ‘strengthening civil society’ and ‘governance’. This is positive, though they cannot be seen as magic formulae. The many changes in Angolan society (before and after Independence) have had the result of weakening social cohesion, and migration to peri‐urban areas as one of the most important changes. This makes it more difficult to develop the relationships of trust and the mechanisms of accountability that are the basis of a strong civil society and good governance. Strategies need to directly address these issues rather than assume that they exist. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 619-628 Issue: 90 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704570 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704570 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:90:p:619-628 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Philippe Billon Author-X-Name-First: Philippe Author-X-Name-Last: Billon Title: Thriving on war: The Angolan conflict & private business Abstract: With their huge demand for arms and substantial natural resource revenues, Angolan belligerents have made Angola a ‘dream country’ for savvy businessmen able to juggle political relations, arms dealing, and natural resources brokering. Recent investigations by the French judicial system, the UK‐based NGO Global Witness, and UN sanctions monitors have cast a new light on the arms deals and corruption that plagued Angola throughout the 1990s. This Briefing retraces the rise of two businessmen who benefited from and participated in the Angola tragedy. Their careers highlight the inadequacies and ambiguities of the international community and international law in terms of regulating businesses during armed conflicts. Recent initiatives bringing about more transparency and accountability in the use of resource revenues are important steps forward, but an international legal framework is required to take into account the commercialised nature of contemporary wars and war economies. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 629-635 Issue: 90 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704571 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704571 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:90:p:629-635 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jakkie Cillers Author-X-Name-First: Jakkie Author-X-Name-Last: Cillers Title: Business & war in Angola Abstract: As the international community's enthusiasm for peacekeeping has declined, it has sought effective and alternative ways of effecting peace without the risk of troop deployment Imposing various conditions on the warring parties has been an obvious alternative. This is the thinking behind the sanctions presently applied, albeit with limited effect, on the Angolan rebel movement, UNITA, and the various attempts at structural adjustment programs imposed on the government in Luanda. Journal: Pages: 636-641 Issue: 90 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704572 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704572 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:90:p:636-641 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: James Sidaway Author-X-Name-First: James Author-X-Name-Last: Sidaway Title: Angola: ‘back to normal’ Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 641-643 Issue: 90 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704573 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704573 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:90:p:641-643 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pierre Beaudet Author-X-Name-First: Pierre Author-X-Name-Last: Beaudet Title: La société civile et la lutte pour la paix en Angola Abstract: La société civile angolaise a pris du temps à prendre sa place après l'avènement de l'indépendance. Encore aujourd'hui, elle reste faible et vulnérable. Mais, en même temps, elle constitue une des clés pour permettre de réelles transformations en Angola. C'est la mobilisation et l'organisation de la société civile qui seront les facteurs déterminants pour la démocratisation, l'établissement de la paix et l'amorce d'un développement durable dans ce pays. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 643-649 Issue: 90 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704574 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704574 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:90:p:643-649 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Steve Wright Author-X-Name-First: Steve Author-X-Name-Last: Wright Title: Landmines: a worse fate still to come? Abstract: As the number of countries joing the ban on anti‐personnel mines slowly rises, Landmine Action hasbeen investigating the weapons being stockpiled and invented to replace those banned. It seems that Governments, the military and manufacturers have not learned from the problems with landmines. They are stockpiling and quietly developing alternative mines that may be inhumane, dangerous and, in some cases, potentially as lethal as the weapons they are supposed to replace. As most of this work is happening in secret, there is a compete lack of public awareness of the potential problems. Yet this is not futuristic, space age weaponry ‐ some of these systems will be ready for action within the next couple of years, others are already in use. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 649-650 Issue: 90 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704575 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704575 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:90:p:649-650 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marcus Power Author-X-Name-First: Marcus Author-X-Name-Last: Power Title: Angola on‐line Journal: Pages: 650-652 Issue: 90 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704576 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704576 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:90:p:650-652 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Simon Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Simon Author-Name: Philippe Billon Author-X-Name-First: Philippe Author-X-Name-Last: Billon Author-Name: Marcus Power Author-X-Name-First: Marcus Author-X-Name-Last: Power Title: Book reviews Abstract: Communities and Reconstruction in Angola,edited by Paul Robson. Occasional Paper 1, Development Workshop, Guelph, Canada, 2001. 183pp. ISBN 0–9688768–0–1, £12.00 pbk. Reviewed by David Simon. Angola: Front Afro‐Stalinism to Petro‐Diamond Capitalismby Tony Hodges, published by James Currey, 2001. Reviewed by Philippe Le Billon Running Guns: The Global black market in Small ArmsbyLora Lumpe (ed.), Zed Books, London. ISBN 1 85649 873 5 (pbk) ,(2000). Reviewed by Marcus Power. Angola's War Economy: The Role of Oil and Diamondsby Jakkie Cilliers and Christian Dietrich (eds.) (2000), Institute of Security Studies Pretoria, ISS, Pretoria. ISBN 0–620–26645–7 (pbk). Reviewed by Marcus Power. Journal: Pages: 653-657 Issue: 90 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704577 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704577 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:90:p:653-657 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Bulletin board Journal: Pages: 658-658 Issue: 90 Volume: 28 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240108704578 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240108704578 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:28:y:2001:i:90:p:658-658 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hannah Cross Author-X-Name-First: Hannah Author-X-Name-Last: Cross Title: Neoliberalism, labour power and democracy – the sense of an ending Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 353-357 Issue: 153 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1368607 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1368607 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:153:p:353-357 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lauren M. MacLean Author-X-Name-First: Lauren M. Author-X-Name-Last: MacLean Title: Neoliberal democratisation, colonial legacies and the rise of the non-state provision of social welfare in West Africa Abstract: This article explores the rise of the non-state provision of social welfare in West Africa. Over the past three decades, a range of non-state actors, including secular non-governmental organisations, faith-based organisations, for-profit businesses and informal networks have provided access to basic social services such as education and health care even more extensively than states. The article asks: why has the number of non-state providers increased so markedly across Africa, and why do the predominant types of non-state providers vary in different countries? The author argues that neoliberal democratisation during the 1980s and 1990s created new opportunities and spaces for non-state providers. Yet, an analysis of Ghana, Côte d’Ivoire and Liberia shows that colonial legacies have mediated the numbers and types of non-state actors on the ground. The conclusion highlights how this growth in non-state provision has significant negative consequences for citizens’ ability to obtain equitable access to and accountability for social welfare services. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 358-380 Issue: 153 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1319806 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1319806 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:153:p:358-380 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hannah Cross Author-X-Name-First: Hannah Author-X-Name-Last: Cross Author-Name: Lionel Cliffe Author-X-Name-First: Lionel Author-X-Name-Last: Cliffe Title: A comparative political economy of regional migration and labour mobility in West and Southern Africa Abstract: Based on a collaboration with the late Lionel Cliffe, this article suggests agendas and methods for analysing regional patterns of migration and labour mobility in Southern and West Africa. It locates local communities in regional patterns and global processes using two key organising concepts: first, the regionalisation of Africa, as outlined in Samir Amin’s work. The authors consider continuities and discontinuities with the paradigms of ‘Africa of the labour reserves’ and ‘Africa of the colonial trade economy’ to understand contemporary realities. Second, this article explores the mechanisms and characteristics of cheap labour on different scales of analysis. This includes a discussion of the theories that explored the relations of reproduction of labour, and the reproduction of the labour system as a whole. In doing so, it rethinks the modes of production discourse to highlight the continuing importance of situations where capitalism exists alongside non-capitalist relations of production and reproduction. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 381-398 Issue: 153 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1333411 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1333411 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:153:p:381-398 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nick Bernards Author-X-Name-First: Nick Author-X-Name-Last: Bernards Title: The International Labour Organization and African trade unions: tripartite fantasies and enduring struggles Abstract: This article examines the complex and contradictory history of interactions between the International Labour Organization (ILO) and trade unions in Africa from 1960 to the present. The paper focuses in particular on ILO efforts to deliver technical assistance to trade unions. I highlight the tensions raised by the mismatch between ILO’s adherence to a particular view of industrial unionism rooted in northern European experience, which I label the ‘tripartite fantasy’ and the political and economic realities of labour in Africa. The article draws on original archival and interview evidence to trace out the subtle conflicts raised by these tensions. It focuses in particular on the difficulty in balancing the principle of freedom of association with efforts to promote ‘unity’ among African unions. These tensions played out most clearly in efforts to organise assistance to unions under apartheid. The article concludes by reflecting on the difficult position of the ILO in contemporary African politics. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 399-414 Issue: 153 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1318359 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1318359 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:153:p:399-414 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Dickinson Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Dickinson Title: Institutionalised conflict, subaltern worker rebellions and insurgent unionism: casual workers’ organisation and power resources in the South African Post Office Abstract: Across the globe, the increasing number of precarious workers has (re)created bifurcated labour markets. This paper looks at casual worker mobilisation in the South African Post Office. Attention is paid to one group of workers, the Mabarete, and the way they projected power in a classification struggle pursued though violence and intimidation, rather than moral or symbolic power. Their struggle was spatially and morally sculpted by the communities in which they lived, but was not social movement unionism. Why the Mabarete transformed – from the successful organisation structure that had evolved to registered union – is addressed through two alternative models of industrial engagement: the use of official, legal frameworks in which conflict is institutionalised and that of subaltern worker rebellions in which extra-legal, covert forms of power are mobilised. Insurgent unionism, it is argued, can be understood as the combination of, or oscillation between, these two alternatives. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 415-431 Issue: 153 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1322947 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1322947 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:153:p:415-431 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sobukwe Odinga Author-X-Name-First: Sobukwe Author-X-Name-Last: Odinga Title: ‘We recommend compliance’: bargaining and leverage in Ethiopian–US intelligence cooperation Abstract: Disputes over the costs and benefits of intelligence liaisons between the US and its African allies are routine. The contentious and largely overlooked bargaining processes that stem from these disputes call into question prominent depictions of US–African security partnerships as rigidly hierarchical alliances. Through an assessment of compliance bargaining between Ethiopia and the US over the terms of their intelligence liaison, this article posits that, despite the vast power asymmetry between these allies, Ethiopia routinely dictated and policed the terms of this liaison, while consistently leveraging it as means to acquire political concessions from the US. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 432-448 Issue: 153 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1368472 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1368472 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:153:p:432-448 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gregor Dobler Author-X-Name-First: Gregor Author-X-Name-Last: Dobler Title: China and Namibia, 1990 to 2015: how a new actor changes the dynamics of political economy Abstract: The article identifies changes in Namibia’s society linked to China’s new role. To understand such changes, it is important to avoid isolating ‘Chinese actors’ from their host society. The author analyses links between Chinese and Namibian actors in three domains: ‘soft power’, Chinese traders and the construction industry. In all three, the presence of Chinese actors does not simply change Namibia’s relations with the world. It has important repercussions on Namibian society, it influences the distribution of capital within Namibia and it engenders shifts in the internal balance of power. Since Chinese influence does not remain external, the line between ‘Chinese’ and ‘Namibian’ actors has long become blurred – turning Namibian political elites into constituent parts of the ‘external’ dynamics they are charged with regulating. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 449-465 Issue: 153 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1273828 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1273828 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:153:p:449-465 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Franklin Obeng-Odoom Author-X-Name-First: Franklin Author-X-Name-Last: Obeng-Odoom Title: The myth of economic growth in Africa Abstract: Most of the models in economics were formulated based on experiences outside Africa, raising questions about their relevance to the continent where conditions can be markedly different to those that inspired those models. This debate must be revisited in the light of recent economic controversies about Africa. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 466-475 Issue: 153 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1313217 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1313217 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:153:p:466-475 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ehis Michael Odijie Author-X-Name-First: Ehis Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Odijie Title: Oil and democratisation in Ghana Abstract: In this Debate, I argue that the 2007 discovery of oil in commercial quantities in Ghana is advancing rather than obstructing democratisation. Using the theory of political settlement and the institutional concept of feedback, I show that oil has led to democratic feedback. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 476-486 Issue: 153 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1368010 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1368010 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:153:p:476-486 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mathew Bukhi Mabele Author-X-Name-First: Mathew Bukhi Author-X-Name-Last: Mabele Title: Beyond forceful measures: Tanzania’s ‘war on poaching’ needs diversified strategies more than militarised tactics Abstract: This Briefing looks at the existing strategies to confront poaching in Tanzania. With militarised strategies becoming dominant, the Briefing argues for diversified tactics to counter ‘poaching’, suggesting that bureaucrats and conservationists must put more efforts into addressing root causes of poaching through strategies that go beyond coercive measures. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 487-498 Issue: 153 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1271316 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1271316 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:153:p:487-498 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stefan Ouma Author-X-Name-First: Stefan Author-X-Name-Last: Ouma Title: The difference that ‘capitalism’ makes: on the merits and limits of critical political economy in African Studies Abstract: The goal of this Briefing is to weigh in carefully on the respective merits and limits of critical political economy perspectives in African Studies (and beyond) and to make a case for ontological and theoretical modesty. Rather than taking African capitalist societies for granted, we should unpick how particular social entities are being made. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 499-509 Issue: 153 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1318360 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1318360 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:153:p:499-509 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Samuel Oyewole Author-X-Name-First: Samuel Author-X-Name-Last: Oyewole Title: Africa and International Relations in the 21st century Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 510-511 Issue: 153 Volume: 44 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1370196 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1370196 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:44:y:2017:i:153:p:510-511 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gernot Klantschnig Author-X-Name-First: Gernot Author-X-Name-Last: Klantschnig Author-Name: Margarita Dimova Author-X-Name-First: Margarita Author-X-Name-Last: Dimova Author-Name: Hannah Cross Author-X-Name-First: Hannah Author-X-Name-Last: Cross Title: Africa and the drugs trade revisited Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 167-173 Issue: 148 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1170312 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1170312 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:148:p:167-173 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Neil Carrier Author-X-Name-First: Neil Author-X-Name-Last: Carrier Author-Name: Gernot Klantschnig Author-X-Name-First: Gernot Author-X-Name-Last: Klantschnig Title: Illicit livelihoods: drug crops and development in Africa Abstract: This article assesses the impact of drugs on agricultural production, trade and livelihoods more broadly by focusing on cannabis and khat in Lesotho, Nigeria and Kenya. It actively engages with research that has recently begun to explore the links between drugs and development in Africa and challenges some of its key assumptions. It argues that based on the available empirical evidence, the causalities between drugs and underdevelopment are not apparent. It proposes a more nuanced understanding of the impact of cannabis and khat, showing how they have provided farmers and entrepreneurs with opportunities not readily available in difficult economic environments. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 174-189 Issue: 148 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1170676 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1170676 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:148:p:174-189 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ann A. Laudati Author-X-Name-First: Ann A. Author-X-Name-Last: Laudati Title: Securing (in)security: relinking violence and the trade in in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo Abstract: The handful of studies that exist linking illegal drugs and violence in Africa tend to focus on understanding the role of drugs in shaping armed conflict. The reported linkages made between the trade in cannabis sativa and the continuing violence in the Democratic Republic of Congo are exemplars. Contemporary reports of cannabis use in the region have largely focused on two main concerns: the psychophysiological effects of drug use on conflict actors and the participation of cannabis within the war economy. According to these narratives, drugs and violence are seen to go together, destabilising society, creating insecurity, and spreading HIV. Drawing from four months of qualitative research on the cannabis trade in eastern DRC, this paper presents an alternative story of drug-related violence in the region. Namely, it argues that the dangers stemming from an entanglement with the drug are rather, as one informant aptly stated, the result of ‘security’. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 190-205 Issue: 148 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1179180 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1179180 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:148:p:190-205 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christopher A. Suckling Author-X-Name-First: Christopher A. Author-X-Name-Last: Suckling Title: Chain work: the cultivation of hierarchy in Sierra Leone’s cannabis economy Abstract: Violence is often treated as an organisational complement to illicit drug production in the global South. The article challenges this view with reference to the ‘chain work’ undertaken by Sierra Leone’s cannabis cultivators. Life histories reveal that the migration of cultivators from Kingston, Jamaica to Sierra Leone’s Hastings and Waterloo established apprenticeship as the means by which young men participated in the cannabis economy under the guidance of those they referred to as ‘shareholders’. These shareholders acted as gatekeepers for access to land, cross-border exchange and extra-legal networks. The resulting structural advantages limited challenges by newcomers for an activity usually understood to be ‘naturally’ contestable. Drawing on Pierre Bourdieu’s sociology, cultivators are shown to reproduce practices that maintained the dominance of bosses without recourse to violence. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 206-226 Issue: 148 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1170677 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1170677 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:148:p:206-226 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Margarita Dimova Author-X-Name-First: Margarita Author-X-Name-Last: Dimova Title: ‘The first dragon to slay’: unpacking Kenya’s war on drugs Abstract: Kenya faces the challenge of policing not only drug smuggling through its territory, but a sprawling local market dominated by heroin. The government is enthusiastically embracing the global ‘war on drugs’ discourse, propped by external actors’ assistance and insistence. Guided by these developments, this article analyses Kenya’s local war on drugs using ethnographic material from immersive fieldwork in Nairobi and Mombasa. The aim is to decode local political actors’ engagement in the international drug control regime and its impact on everyday perceptions of Kenyan state authority. As such, this article provides an alternative explanation of the mechanics of Kenyan drug markets and the role some government officials play in (controlling) them. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 227-242 Issue: 148 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1169165 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1169165 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:148:p:227-242 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Clémence Pinaud Author-X-Name-First: Clémence Author-X-Name-Last: Pinaud Title: Military Kinship, Inc.: patronage, inter-ethnic marriages and social classes in South Sudan Abstract: This article analyses marital practices in South Sudan’s second civil war and its aftermath. It focuses on inter-ethnic kinship military ties sealed through the patronage of marriage and through inter-ethnic marriages. It argues that the marriage market became part of the broader circuit of predation by different armed groups. Inter-ethnic marriages varied between different ethnic groups and served different goals. They were symptomatic of changing and deteriorating ethnic dynamics within the Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA) and with the local population. Ordinary civilians attempted to resist increased inequalities on the marriage market, used by the military elite as a tool for class consolidation. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 243-259 Issue: 148 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1181054 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1181054 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:148:p:243-259 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jeremiah O. Arowosegbe Author-X-Name-First: Jeremiah O. Author-X-Name-Last: Arowosegbe Title: Ethnic minorities and the land question in Nigeria Abstract: One of the most neglected aspects of the national question discourse in Nigeria is on the role of land as a site and source of conflicts, especially given the increasing demand for its redistribution and reform in the periods before and after the implementation of the structural adjustment programme. This study discusses land as a crucial aspect of the national question discourse in Nigeria. It examines the question of how colonialism – through its policies and programmes as well as the administrative structures and political systems put in place by the colonial state – introduced new complications and dimensions to the land question, mainly through the creation and development of contradictions in colonial and postcolonial Nigeria. Drawing on data generated from focus group discussions and oral interviews carried out across the locations with pronounced incidences of land-based conflicts in the six states across South-Western Nigeria, it examines the impact of economic considerations in the ethnically motivated conflicts in Nigeria over land from 1999 to 2015. It establishes the contradictions and injustices characterising the articulation of the citizenship question vis-à-vis various ethnic majorities and minorities as well as historically dominant minorities, especially indigenes and settlers in Nigerian history and politics; and how these generate violent ethnic protests, struggles and other divisive consequences. Tapping into ethnicity, migration and other issues underlying intergroup polarisation, it discusses the conflicts between Hausa–Fulani pastoralists and indigenous Yoruba farmers in South-Western Nigeria as an illustration of the contradictions underpinning citizenship and the prevailing frameworks of land ownership in Africa. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 260-276 Issue: 148 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1126816 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1126816 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:148:p:260-276 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Giuseppe Davide Cioffo Author-X-Name-First: Giuseppe Davide Author-X-Name-Last: Cioffo Author-Name: An Ansoms Author-X-Name-First: An Author-X-Name-Last: Ansoms Author-Name: Jude Murison Author-X-Name-First: Jude Author-X-Name-Last: Murison Title: Modernising agriculture through a ‘new’ Green Revolution: the limits of the Crop Intensification Programme in Rwanda Abstract: Over the past decade, African agriculture sectors have been the object of numerous initiatives advancing a ‘new’ Green Revolution for the continent. The low productivity of African smallholders is attributed to the low use of modern, improved agricultural inputs. In short, African countries are expected to catch up with the Green Revolution in other parts of the world. This paper is a contribution to the debate on the new African Green Revolution. We analyse the Rwandan Crop Intensification Programme (CIP) as a case study of the application of the African Green Revolution model. The paper is based on research at the macro, meso and micro levels. We argue that the CIP fails to draw lessons from previous Green Revolution experiences in terms of its effects on social differentiation, on ecological sustainability, and on knowledge exchange and creation. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 277-293 Issue: 148 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1181053 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1181053 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:148:p:277-293 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alexander Beresford Author-X-Name-First: Alexander Author-X-Name-Last: Beresford Title: Editorial Notice Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 294-294 Issue: 148 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1200242 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1200242 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:148:p:294-294 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ben Scully Author-X-Name-First: Ben Author-X-Name-Last: Scully Title: From the shop floor to the kitchen table: the shifting centre of precarious workers’ politics in South Africa Abstract: This article argues that, as wage work has become more precarious, the importance of the household in the livelihood strategies of precarious South African workers has increased. The shifting importance of the household in relation to the workplace in the economic lives of workers has implications for the political strategies that these workers adopt. The article draws on data from a national household survey combined with insights from the author's fieldwork across rural and urban sites in South Africa. It contributes to the growing literature on the politics of precarious work in the global South. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 295-311 Issue: 148 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1085378 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1085378 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:148:p:295-311 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sheryl McCurdy Author-X-Name-First: Sheryl Author-X-Name-Last: McCurdy Author-Name: Pamela Kaduri Author-X-Name-First: Pamela Author-X-Name-Last: Kaduri Title: The political economy of heroin and crack cocaine in Tanzania Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 312-319 Issue: 148 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1170678 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1170678 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:148:p:312-319 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Colin Darch Author-X-Name-First: Colin Author-X-Name-Last: Darch Title: Separatist tensions and violence in the ‘model post-conflict state’: Mozambique since the 1990s Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 320-327 Issue: 148 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1084915 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1084915 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:148:p:320-327 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Lawrence Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Lawrence Title: Exodus: immigration and multiculturalism in the 21st century Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 328-336 Issue: 148 Volume: 43 Year: 2016 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2016.1168965 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2016.1168965 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:43:y:2016:i:148:p:328-336 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Editorial working group Journal: Pages: ebi-ebi Issue: 92 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704608 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704608 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:92:p:ebi-ebi Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A B Zack‐Williams Author-X-Name-First: A B Author-X-Name-Last: Zack‐Williams Author-Name: Giles Mohan Author-X-Name-First: Giles Author-X-Name-Last: Mohan Title: Editorial: Africa, the African diaspora & development Journal: Pages: 205-210 Issue: 92 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704609 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704609 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:92:p:205-210 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Giles Mohan Author-X-Name-First: Giles Author-X-Name-Last: Mohan Author-Name: A B Zack‐Williams Author-X-Name-First: A B Author-X-Name-Last: Zack‐Williams Title: Globalisation from below: conceptualising the role of the African diasporas in africa's development Abstract: In the past both African Studies and Development Studies have ignored questions of the African Diaspora. This point was made by Zack‐Williams back in 1995 but since then there has not been much work attempting to rectify this matter. In this article we put forward a framework for examining the role of diaspora in development. This centres on recognising that the formation of the African Diaspora has been intimately linked to the evolution of a globalised and racialised capitalism. While the linkages between capitalism, imperialism and displacement are dynamic we should avoid a simplistic determinism that sees the movements of African people as some inevitable response to the mechanisms of broader structures. The complexity of displacement is such that human agency plays an essential role and avoids the unhelpful conclusion of seeing Africans as victims. It is this interplay of structural forces and human agency that gives diasporas their shifting, convoluted and overlapping geometry. Having established that we examine the implications of a diasporic perspective for understanding the development potential of both Africans in diaspora and those who remain on the continent. We argue that both politically and economically the diaspora has an important part to play in contemporary social processes operating at an increasingly global scale. The key issues we address are embedded social networks in the diaspora, remittances and return, development organisations, religious networks, cultural dynamics, and political institutions. We conclude by suggesting where diasporic concerns will take us in the next few years. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 211-236 Issue: 92 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704610 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704610 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:92:p:211-236 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hakim Adi Author-X-Name-First: Hakim Author-X-Name-Last: Adi Title: The African diaspora, ‘development’ & modern African political theory Abstract: Those concerned with the study of African political economy and ‘development’ in Africa have often neglected those ideas that emerged from the African diaspora, while those who study the African diaspora have often been more concerned with issues of ‘identity’ than with the political future of Africa. This article argues that for those who are concerned to study anti‐colonialism, it is difficult to separate the history of Africa and the African diaspora during the colonial period in the early 20thcentury. Many key anti‐colonial ideas were developed as much in the diaspora and in the capital cities of Europe, as they were within the African continent. Ideologies such as Pan‐Africanism, which developed within the diaspora in general, and Britain in particular, drew from the same 19thcentury sources that imposed eurocentric notions on the ideology of African nationalism. However, such ideologies, as developed by activists from the diaspora, created the basis for alternative strategies not only for the anti‐colonial struggle but also for a modern African political theory, a necessary requirement for people‐centred development in post‐colonial African states. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 237-251 Issue: 92 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704611 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704611 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:92:p:237-251 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shubi Ishemo Author-X-Name-First: Shubi Author-X-Name-Last: Ishemo Title: From Africa to Cuba: an historical analysis of the ) Abstract: The historical relations between Africa and Cuba run deep. Cuba significantly contributed to the African national liberation struggle and Africa contributed towards the development of Cuban identity and culture. This article is concerned with the latter aspect. African elements in the development of Cuban culture have historically been manifested in the development of Cuban religions, in particular the Congolese and Bantu derived Regla Conga (Palo Monte), the Yoruba derived Regla Ocha (Santeria), the Benin derived Regla Arara and Vodoo, and the Sociedad Secreta Abakua whose origins are Old Calabar and southwestern Cameroon. These religions were syncretised with Christian symbols to produce Cuban national identity. I will dwell on the Sociedad Secreta Abakua which has historically consisted of male only mutual associations. The society is the only one of its kind in the Americas and is located in the cities of Havana, Matanzas, and Cardenas. I will examine the historiography on the origins of the society and offer a political economy approach which dwells on the development of the social formation of the societies of Old Calabar and the emergence of the male only Ekpe and Ngbe or Leopard Societies whose functions were those of a state apparatus which provided religious and ideological legitimacy for an emerging merchant class in the eighteenth and the second half of the nineteenth centuries. Membership of the Ekpe and Ngbe was not only restricted to the dominant lineages but also included freemen and slaves. Most of the historiography consider the two secret societies as the origin of the Sociedad Secreta Abakua. It will be suggested that its origins may also lie in the Nka lyip (Association of Blood Men) whose membership was mainly slaves in Old Calabar. The origins of the Blood Men may have been much earlier, possibly in the eighteenth century. The Abakua Secret Society may also have emerged much earlier than 1836 and possibly in the late eighteenth century. The next level will dwell on its development as a contested Cuban institution based in the port cities of Havana, Matanzas and Cardenas. Based in poor neighbourhoods, its members became a source of labour on the wharves, in warehouses for over 100 years. Its membership underwent transformation from black only to mixed white and black and later Chinese ex‐indentured labour. It became transculturised, drawing its religious pantheons and rituals from Old Calabar, Yoruba and Bantu elements, as well as Roman Catholic symbols. In the colonial and neo‐colonial periods the Abakua were demonised and persecuted. Through the contract system of labour, its members were manipulated and exploited by unscrupulous intermediaries. Some of these intermediaries held leadership positions or plazas in its ranks. But its secret character was politically positive as its fearless, valiant male members actively participated in the struggles against slavery, against Spanish colonialism, labour unions, and the defeat of United States aggression against the young Cuban revolution in 1961. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 253-272 Issue: 92 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704612 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704612 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:92:p:253-272 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rachel Reynolds Author-X-Name-First: Rachel Author-X-Name-Last: Reynolds Title: An African brain drain: Igbo decisions to immigrate to the US Abstract: This article outlines the conditions under which a particular group of professional Nigerians has made the decision to immigrate to the United States and how, once abroad, they have established a continuum for immigration from the home area. The paper has been generated from f ieldwork and interviews among Igbo people in the Chicago area, conducted between 1997 and 2000. The article explains the educational, cultural and economic conditions under which Igbo immigration to the US in the late 1970s and early 1980s were undertaken — the time during which members of the immigrant network came to the US. My work here constitutes an effort to define the way that a particular group of immigrants to Chicago came to develop and how they now utilise an immigrant social network. My preliminary question here: how did the Nigerians in my social network make the decision to immigrate to the States? Although there are several factors that affect this decision, for my study, I focus most closely on two interrelated factors: education and cultural specific institutions like household economic decision making patterns. Those factors were chosen because among Igbo middle‐class people of this generation, the need for educational opportunities and a tradition of emigration appears to be the necessary conditions to make an Igbo person decide to immigrate, while economic factors like reduced economic opportunities in Nigeria or lower pay were merely sufficient conditions. The qualitative data presented here is intended to give new shape to research questions that will further develop our understanding of how the socio‐economics of schooling and educational opportunities in Africa and the US come together to reinforce the brain‐drain process in which promising young professionals leave Africa for industrialised regions. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 273-284 Issue: 92 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704613 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704613 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:92:p:273-284 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Diane Frost Author-X-Name-First: Diane Author-X-Name-Last: Frost Title: Diasporan West African communities: the Kru in freetown & liverpool Abstract: This article will examine the experience of two transplanted communities of West African kru migrants. Originally from Liberia, these labour migrants became involved in both internal African migration as well as external migration to Europe. It will distinguish the cause and mechanism of migration within the broader development of British colonial activity in West Africa. Freetown and Liverpool will be examined in the context of these broader developments since they became two important centres in Kru diasporic settlement. Economic opportunities became the raison d'etre for Kru migration and this manifest itself in terms of short‐term transient migration to the permanent establishment of thriving diasporic communities. Socio‐political and historical conditions provided the broader parameters within which these peoples became ‘scattered’ across the globe over the last two hundred years or more. The historical and economic connections between the two ports of Liverpool and Freetown, and the role of the Kru in British maritime trade here influenced patterns of settlement and the nature of community organisation and development. The article will examine current theories to the study of diasporan communities and will draw on ethnographic research undertaken in Freetown and Liverpool. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 285-300 Issue: 92 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704614 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704614 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:92:p:285-300 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ola Uduku Author-X-Name-First: Ola Author-X-Name-Last: Uduku Title: The socio‐economic basis of a diaspora community: Abstract: In this article the author discusses the history and actions of the Igbo community, primarily via their ‘home town unions or associations’ and more recently through the activities in the diaspora of the World Igbo Congress (WIC), both to establish their presence in their adopted countries throughout the world but also, and more importantly, to maintain links with ‘home town’ communities. This takes place especially via large and small‐scale economic ventures, including capital construction projects, local investments, and occasionally local recruitment for the international market, from ‘home towns’ (often small villages) in Eastern Nigeria. The first part of the paper discusses the socio‐economic activities that Igbo ‘home town unions’ are involved in, the second discusses the historical background to these unions, the third analyses their success and what future contributions such groups might have in a rapidly ‘globalising’ world economy. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 301-311 Issue: 92 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704615 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704615 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:92:p:301-311 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Greg Cameron Author-X-Name-First: Greg Author-X-Name-Last: Cameron Title: Zanzibar's turbulent transition Abstract: On 29 October 2000, 10 million voters in 231 constituencies cast their votes for 13 political parties throughout Tanzania. The election on the Tanzanian mainland was predictably won by the ruling CCM (Party of the Revolution) against a divided and weak opposition. In Zanzibar, on the other hand, the CCM faced a fierce challenge from the CUF (Civic United Front) as approximately 450,000 people voted in 50 constituencies for the Union and Zanzibar Presidents, and candidates for the Union and Zanzibar Legislatures. The elections on Zanzibar were grossly mismanaged and deepened the growing political crisis in the United Republic of Tanzania. And indeed, on 27 January 2001, throughout the major cities of Tanzania, there were mass protests against the electoral coup on Zanzibar. The police killed between 30 and 70 people and wounded upwards of 600 people. Thousands fled to the mainland and more than 2,000 Zanzibaris, mainly Pembans, fled to Kenya as refugees (Human Rights Watch, April 2002). Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 313-330 Issue: 92 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704616 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704616 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:92:p:313-330 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Adam Habib Author-X-Name-First: Adam Author-X-Name-Last: Habib Author-Name: Lubna Nadvi Author-X-Name-First: Lubna Author-X-Name-Last: Nadvi Title: Party disintegrations & re‐alignments in post‐apartheid South Africa Journal: Pages: 331-338 Issue: 92 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704617 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704617 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:92:p:331-338 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Giles Mohan Author-X-Name-First: Giles Author-X-Name-Last: Mohan Title: A window on Africa: an interview with adotey bing, director of the Africa centre, London Abstract: The Africa Centre has long been a focus for political and cultural activities coming out of the continent. Originally established by the diplomatic missions of newly independent African states, its remit was to provide a forum for Africans in London, particularly students, as well as giving a voice to various political positions that were not being widely aired. Since then the fortunes of the Africa Centre have waxed and waned as the economic and political welfare of its original constituents has declined. It continues under the directorship of Dr. Adotey Bing who took over in 1995. Among his current concerns are focusing the mission of The Centre and securing long term funding which will permit some forward planning for the first time in its history. On 8 October 2001 Giles Mohan (GM) of the ROAPE editorial working group interviewed Adotey Bing (AB). Journal: Pages: 339-345 Issue: 92 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704618 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704618 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:92:p:339-345 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Philip White Author-X-Name-First: Philip Author-X-Name-Last: White Title: The eritrea‐ethiopia border arbitration Journal: Pages: 345-356 Issue: 92 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704619 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704619 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:92:p:345-356 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Xeedho dumar wadaag aleel lagu xadhkeeyay (Shells on a woven cord) Journal: Pages: 356-357 Issue: 92 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704620 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704620 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:92:p:356-357 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fionn Meade Author-X-Name-First: Fionn Author-X-Name-Last: Meade Title: The lost boys of Sudan Journal: Pages: 358-362 Issue: 92 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704621 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704621 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:92:p:358-362 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Globalization & academic ethics Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 362-364 Issue: 92 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704622 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704622 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:92:p:362-364 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John Craig Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Craig Title: Twilight on the Zambian copperbelt? Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 364-368 Issue: 92 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704623 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704623 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:92:p:364-368 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vladimir Shubin Author-X-Name-First: Vladimir Author-X-Name-Last: Shubin Title: Book review Abstract: Globalization and Emerging Trends in African States’ Foreign Policy‐making Process: A Comparative Perspective of Southern Africaby Kowra Gombe Adar & Rok Ajulu (eds.), Aldershot: Ashgate 2002, 357pp. ISBN 0 7546 1822 6. Journal: Pages: 369-371 Issue: 92 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704624 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704624 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:92:p:369-371 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roy Love Author-X-Name-First: Roy Author-X-Name-Last: Love Title: Book notes Abstract: Van de Walle, Nicolas,African Economies and the Politics of Permanent Crisis, 1979–1999,Cambridge University Press 2001. Zack‐Williams, T, D Frost & A Thomson(eds.), Africa in Crisis: New Challenges and Possibilities,Pluto Press, London 2002 Cumming, G,Aid to Africa: French and British Policies from the Cold War to the New Millenium,Ashgate 2001. Saugestad, Sidsel,The Inconvenient Indigenous: Remote Area Development in Botswana, Donor Assistance, and the First People of the Kalahari,Nordic Afrika Institute, Uppsala, 2001. Lester, A, E Nel, T Binns,South Africa, Past, Present and Future: Gold at the End of the Rainbow?,Prentice Hall 2000. Nagel, S S(ed.), Handbook of Global Political Policy,Marcel Dekker, 2000. Journal: Pages: 371-374 Issue: 92 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704625 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704625 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:92:p:371-374 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Books received Journal: Pages: 374-374 Issue: 92 Volume: 29 Year: 2002 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240208704626 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240208704626 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:29:y:2002:i:92:p:374-374 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Editorial working group Journal: Pages: ebi-ebi Issue: 86 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704483 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704483 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:86:p:ebi-ebi Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carolyn Baylies Author-X-Name-First: Carolyn Author-X-Name-Last: Baylies Author-Name: Janet Bujra Author-X-Name-First: Janet Author-X-Name-Last: Bujra Title: Editorial: special issue on AIDS Journal: Pages: 483-486 Issue: 86 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704484 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704484 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:86:p:483-486 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carolyn Baylies Author-X-Name-First: Carolyn Author-X-Name-Last: Baylies Title: Overview: HIV/AIDS in Africa: global & local inequalities & responsibilities Abstract: This issue of the Review is devoted to an examination of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Africa, an emergency which compromises the future of so many on the continent, yet is persistently underplayed. The depth of need it has generated has scarcely been measured and not even begun to be met. Although increasingly acknowledged to be grounded in social behaviour and systemic inequalities, HIV/AIDS is still treated predominantly as a health problem. At the same time, far more attention continues to be paid to the (admittedly crucial) issues of prevention and care than to the economic and social impact of AIDS and the ways it can be addressed and mitigated. This introduction to the issue expands upon general points made in the editorial and reviews some of these issues by exploring two aspects of the multi‐layered context of the AIDS epidemic: The question of what African governments should and can do in the face of AIDS, and The viability and potential of the International Partnership on AIDS in Africa. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 487-500 Issue: 86 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704485 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704485 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:86:p:487-500 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gill Seidel Author-X-Name-First: Gill Author-X-Name-Last: Seidel Title: Reconceptualising issues around HIV & breastfeeding advice: findings from KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa Abstract: This article is concerned with the dynamics between health care workers and pregnant women, and advice given to women about mother‐to‐child transmission (MTCT) through breastfeeding in KwaZulu‐Natal (KZN). Using ethnographic methods, it explores issues relating to HIV and infant feeding in settings where a period of breastfeeding is expected. The anti‐baby milk action of the 1970s remains an important point of reference, which has profoundly shaped attitudes towards breastfeeding as ‘the culture of health’. For many health professionals in KZN, the breastfeeding lobby, on which the authority of many nurses depends, and its successes, are now perceived to be undermined by AIDS and the ‘AIDS camp’. International data that point to the risks attached to any period of breastfeeding have provoked a range of reactions among health workers in KZN, from suspicion attached to information ‘from outside’, to confusion and outright disbelief. An integral part of this study is the pattern of power relations that pertain between health workers and their patients, and the values they may seek to sustain. Many nurses hold negative attitudes about young, pregnant and largely unmarried mothers, and HIV/AIDS is an additional stigma. Nurses’ professional socialisation, influencing how they construct gender, women with HIV, and ‘motherhood’, has an important bearing on how they interact with vulnerable young women, and on the information and advice they make available to them. These patterns will also shape the ways in which they engage with the new South African and UNAIDS policy guidelines, which emphasise a woman's right to make an informed decision on infant feeding, in what is a rights’ culture. These representations, investments, and practices, are also shaped by earlier identity processes, and are shot through with images of gender, class and ethnicity. How to advise and counsel HIV+ women on how best to feed their babies raises some of the most complex and hotly debated issues in health care ethics today. It is imperative that these issues, including the ideologies and discourses that may accompany changes in breastfeeding practices, and the values they underwrite, be explored from new angles, underpinned by social theory. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 501-518 Issue: 86 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704486 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704486 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:86:p:501-518 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fantu Cheru Author-X-Name-First: Fantu Author-X-Name-Last: Cheru Title: Debt relief & social investment: linking the HIPC initiative to the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Africa: the case of Zambia Abstract: Besides being a global public health emergency, the HIV/AIDS epidemic has become the foremost contemporary threat to the development of many African countries. Past achievements in economic growth, improved life expectancy and decreasing child mortality have been reversed by the rapid spread of the HIV virus. It is estimated that each day in Africa more than 5,000 people die from AIDS or HIV related illness, with the figure expected to climb to almost 13,000 by 2005. In the context of this unfolding humanitarian crisis, creditor nations and institutions should cancel outstanding debt immediately so that resources of affected countries can be directed toward containment of the epidemic, within broader strategies of poverty alleviation. Addressing this crisis should not be construed as an act of charity, but an obligation ‐ and a necessity. Linking debt relief to HIV/AIDS is one small but important step in the long march to eradicate poverty in the poorest developing countries. This article examines a proposal formulated in Zambia to enact such a link. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 519-535 Issue: 86 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704487 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704487 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:86:p:519-535 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gabriel Rugalema Author-X-Name-First: Gabriel Author-X-Name-Last: Rugalema Title: Coping or struggling? a journey into the impact of HIV/AIDS in Southern Africa Abstract: Analysis of the effects of AIDS‐induced morbidity and mortality on rural livelihoods, particularly in east and southern Africa, has gathered pace in the last two decades. An understanding of the interaction between ill health and rural livelihoods is essential both at policy and theoretical levels. However, the tendency to analyse many of the effects of the AIDS epidemic under the rubric of coping strategies needs critical appraisal. In this article the question is posed as a basis for exploring whether the concept of ‘coping strategies’ is capable of explaining reality on the ground or has merely become a convenient escape route for academics and policy‐makers. It is argued that in areas hard hit by AIDS, the concept of coping strategies is of limited value in explaining household experience and may divert policymakers from the enormity of the emergency. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 537-545 Issue: 86 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704488 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704488 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:86:p:537-545 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Soori Nnko Author-X-Name-First: Soori Author-X-Name-Last: Nnko Author-Name: Betty Chiduo Author-X-Name-First: Betty Author-X-Name-Last: Chiduo Author-Name: Flora Wilson Author-X-Name-First: Flora Author-X-Name-Last: Wilson Author-Name: Wences Msuya Author-X-Name-First: Wences Author-X-Name-Last: Msuya Author-Name: Gabriel Mwaluko Author-X-Name-First: Gabriel Author-X-Name-Last: Mwaluko Title: Tanzania: AIDS care – learning from experience Abstract: Given heterosexual transmission and mother to child transmission, AIDS often strikes more than once within the same family. This is debilitating but can also be a learning experience for carers whose knowledge might then be a resource for the community. This article describes a pilot study into the experience of 21 main care providers in families with chronically ill people suffering mainly from AIDS, each one having cared for and supported more than one patient. During the study 46 out of 51 patients who were cared by these 21 care providers had already died. Respondents provided information on care and support given to the first patient and how much they were prepared and experienced at giving quality care to the next patient. This study provides data from in‐depth interviews conducted between April and June 1999 in a suburb of Mwanza, a city in northwestern Tanzania. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 547-557 Issue: 86 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704489 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704489 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:86:p:547-557 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sarah Bracking Author-X-Name-First: Sarah Author-X-Name-Last: Bracking Title: The uncertain future of bilateralism or, ‘it takes two fingers to kill a louse’ Abstract: Economic and political accounts of events often exist as distinct texts which can obscure the political economy of the subject under discussion. In the analysis of bilateral relations this is particularly evident in the new orthodoxy which takes as given that there is a necessary accommodation which must be made with the requirements of ‘modern’ globalisation to ensure international competitiveness. This has caused many economic policy issues to be regarded as a closed box, as a given, not open to discussion. Debates about them have disappeared from view. As a consequence, it is possible for bilateral development finance organisations to maintain a political and, more importantly, moral agenda of poverty reduction, human rights, good governance and a crusade against corruption without questions of political economy or the more specifically economic relationships between states impinging on considerations of the ‘donor’ state's behaviour. This article argues that the radical agenda of Britain's Department for International Development (DfID) and the political interventions of international NGOs are often undermined in practice (whatever their good intentions) by bilateral economic and trade relations which are in desperate need of regulation and reform. If there were some concept of international solidarity and true co‐operation, it might be possible to shape the reforms required. Instead, international fora ‐ generally characterised by a democratic deficit themselves ‐ become immersed in a quagmire of hypothetical, even arbitrary, ‘good practice’ codes while developing a blindspot concerning the underlying inequities of bilateral economic relations between North and South. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 559-575 Issue: 86 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704490 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704490 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:86:p:559-575 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guy Scott Author-X-Name-First: Guy Author-X-Name-Last: Scott Title: Political will, political economy & the AIDS industry in Zambia Abstract: This brief article outlines an approach to analysing the effectiveness of public health interventions in the third world, specifically in regard to HIV/AIDS. Its purpose is not to be the definitive last word but to float certain ideas consistent with the precepts of political economy, with a view to inviting criticism, commentary and contributions to future publications. Journal: Pages: 577-582 Issue: 86 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704491 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704491 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:86:p:577-582 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andy Gray Author-X-Name-First: Andy Author-X-Name-Last: Gray Author-Name: Jenni Smit Author-X-Name-First: Jenni Author-X-Name-Last: Smit Title: Improving access to HIV‐related drugs in South Africa: a case of colliding interests Journal: Pages: 583-590 Issue: 86 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704492 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704492 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:86:p:583-590 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Statement of concern on women & HIV/AIDS Abstract: The following ‘Statement of Concern on Women and HIV/AIDS’ was issued to coincide with the XIIIth International AIDS Conference held in Durban, South Africa, in July 2000. We are reprinting it here with the permission of Agenda, a feminist journal initially established in 1987 by a small group of students and academics from the University of Natal. Agenda is committed to providing a forum for women in the interests of transforming unequal gender relations in South Africa. Among its objectives are to question and challenge the understanding of gender relations and to contribute to women's capacity to organise, reflect on their experiences and write about them. Journal: Pages: 590-593 Issue: 86 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704493 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704493 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:86:p:590-593 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joe Hanlon Author-X-Name-First: Joe Author-X-Name-Last: Hanlon Title: Violence in Mozambique: in whose interests? Journal: Pages: 593-597 Issue: 86 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704494 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704494 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:86:p:593-597 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: The murder of Carlos Cardoso: report & obituary Abstract: Carlos Cardoso, editor of the independent Maputo paper, Metical, was murdered in Maputo on Wednesday 22 November 2000. His funeral was held on Friday 24 November in Maputo. A fearless campaigner for freedom and a lifelong socialist who committed his life to the African revolution and the struggle against imperialism, Cardoso was gunned down in what appears to have been a planned and professional assassination. Here we reproduce two items published by AIM, the Mozambique news agency. The first is a report published the day after the killing. The second is an edited obituary and appreciation written by Paul Fauvet as a tribute to our fallen comrade. Journal: Pages: 597-598 Issue: 86 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704495 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704495 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:86:p:597-598 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paul Fauvet Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Fauvet Title: Carlos Cardoso: an appreciation Journal: Pages: 598-600 Issue: 86 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704496 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704496 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:86:p:598-600 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Books received Journal: Pages: 600-602 Issue: 86 Volume: 27 Year: 2000 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056240008704497 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056240008704497 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:27:y:2000:i:86:p:600-602 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Okorie Albert Author-X-Name-First: Okorie Author-X-Name-Last: Albert Title: The dominance of foreign capital and its impact on indigenous technology development in the production of liquefied natural gas in Nigeria Abstract: The briefing argues that the Nigerian economy is foreign capital driven and that the rentier character of the state has facilitated dominance of foreign capital in the gas sector. Furthermore, that the control of the sector and consequent reliance on foreign technology have distorted and stagnated local initiatives toward development of indigenous technology in the production of liquefied natural gas. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 478-490 Issue: 157 Volume: 45 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2017.1372279 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2017.1372279 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:45:y:2018:i:157:p:478-490 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michela Marcatelli Author-X-Name-First: Michela Author-X-Name-Last: Marcatelli Title: The land–water nexus: a critical perspective from South Africa Abstract: This article identifies a ‘land–water nexus’ in South Africa, whereby access to water is dependent upon access to land and therefore property relations. It argues that the post-apartheid water reform has strengthened the land–water nexus by causing an overlap of property regimes in water to the benefit of white commercial farmers and by favouring the use of water for accumulation purposes. The case study of the Waterberg is employed to illustrate three specific ways in which the nexus currently manifests, namely water commodification; the tightening of private control over water in private nature conservation; and water access via labour relations. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 393-407 Issue: 157 Volume: 45 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2018.1451318 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2018.1451318 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:45:y:2018:i:157:p:393-407 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Carl LeVan Author-X-Name-First: A. Carl Author-X-Name-Last: LeVan Author-Name: Matthew T. Page Author-X-Name-First: Matthew T. Author-X-Name-Last: Page Author-Name: Yoonbin Ha Author-X-Name-First: Yoonbin Author-X-Name-Last: Ha Title: From terrorism to talakawa: explaining party turnover in Nigeria's 2015 elections Abstract: What explains the 2015 defeat of Nigeria's ruling party by a new party less than two years old? Despite a spike in terrorism and widespread public complaints about government waste, the authors find that neither violence nor patronage systematically explains voting patterns. Instead, statistical evidence points to state-level economic performance and perceptions of national economy. Using surveys, original variables measuring economic performance and – for the first time – presidential election results at the local government level, the authors demonstrate that ‘economic voting’ helped the opposition. They attribute opposition success to a ‘talakawa effect’ rooted in a class-based coalition. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 432-450 Issue: 157 Volume: 45 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2018.1456415 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2018.1456415 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:45:y:2018:i:157:p:432-450 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roger Southall Author-X-Name-First: Roger Author-X-Name-Last: Southall Title: (Middle-) Class analysis in Africa: does it work? Abstract: Recent interest in the growth of middle classes in Africa (and elsewhere) has been characterised by immense theoretical diversity. While this diversity indicates the complexity (and limitations) of class analysis, it remains important for the latter to be guided by the classic concerns around power, wealth and inequality which characterise radical debate. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 467-477 Issue: 157 Volume: 45 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2018.1482826 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2018.1482826 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:45:y:2018:i:157:p:467-477 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mondli Hlatshwayo Author-X-Name-First: Mondli Author-X-Name-Last: Hlatshwayo Title: The new struggles of precarious workers in South Africa: nascent organisational responses of community health workers Abstract: Based on in-depth interviews largely with women working as community health workers (CHWs) and documents, the article shines the spotlight on CHWs, who remain a blind spot in the literature on South African labour studies. Abandoned by mainstream unions and often ignored by labour scholars, the article reveals that CHW workers are crafting their own nascent organisational responses as women and as precarious workers to their conditions. New organisational responses led by women who carry most of the social and economic burden are beginning to contest their conditions of precariousness by using tools such as strikes. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 378-392 Issue: 157 Volume: 45 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2018.1483907 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2018.1483907 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:45:y:2018:i:157:p:378-392 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tefera Negash Gebregziabher Author-X-Name-First: Tefera Negash Author-X-Name-Last: Gebregziabher Author-Name: Wil Hout Author-X-Name-First: Wil Author-X-Name-Last: Hout Title: The rise of oligarchy in Ethiopia: the case of wealth creation since 1991 Abstract: This article focuses on the political economy of Ethiopia since the ruling party EPRDF came to power in 1991 and argues that the country has seen the rise of oligarchy during this period. The party claims that its development strategy has reduced poverty, but it is evident that the country’s inequality has been growing in the past decade. The briefing identifies the mechanisms of oligarchisation, most notably privatisation, land expropriation, phoney shareholding and corruption. The conclusion is that Ethiopia’s growing inequality is related to the process of oligarchy formation. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 501-510 Issue: 157 Volume: 45 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2018.1484351 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2018.1484351 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:45:y:2018:i:157:p:501-510 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: An Ansoms Author-X-Name-First: An Author-X-Name-Last: Ansoms Author-Name: Giuseppe Cioffo Author-X-Name-First: Giuseppe Author-X-Name-Last: Cioffo Author-Name: Neil Dawson Author-X-Name-First: Neil Author-X-Name-Last: Dawson Author-Name: Sam Desiere Author-X-Name-First: Sam Author-X-Name-Last: Desiere Author-Name: Chris Huggins Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Huggins Author-Name: Margot Leegwater Author-X-Name-First: Margot Author-X-Name-Last: Leegwater Author-Name: Jude Murison Author-X-Name-First: Jude Author-X-Name-Last: Murison Author-Name: Aymar Nyenyezi Bisoka Author-X-Name-First: Aymar Author-X-Name-Last: Nyenyezi Bisoka Author-Name: Johanna Treidl Author-X-Name-First: Johanna Author-X-Name-Last: Treidl Author-Name: Julie Van Damme Author-X-Name-First: Julie Author-X-Name-Last: Van Damme Title: The Rwandan agrarian and land sector modernisation: confronting macro performance with lived experiences on the ground Abstract: Rwanda has embarked on an ambitious policy package to modernise and professionalise the agrarian and land sector. Its reform fits into a broader call – supported by major international donors – to implement a Green Revolution in Sub-Saharan Africa. After 10 years of implementation, there is increased production output and value-addition in commercialised commodity chains. These are promising results. However, poverty reduction, particularly in more recent years, seems limited. Moreover, micro-level evidence from the field calls into question the long-term sustainability of the agricultural and land sector reform. In this article, a group of researchers, having engaged in in-depth qualitative research in a variety of settings and over an extended period, bring together their main research results and combine their key findings to challenge the dominant discourse on Rwanda as a model for development. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 408-431 Issue: 157 Volume: 45 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2018.1497590 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2018.1497590 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:45:y:2018:i:157:p:408-431 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leon Parker Author-X-Name-First: Leon Author-X-Name-Last: Parker Author-Name: Elsje Fourie Author-X-Name-First: Elsje Author-X-Name-Last: Fourie Title: Sino-Angolan agricultural cooperation: still not reaping rewards for the Angolan agricultural sector Abstract: This briefing examines the recent creation and downfall of seven Chinese-funded agro-industrial farms in Angola, and sees in the outcome of this initiative the latest demonstration of the difficulties in converting China’s and Angola’s resource-based relationship into a more economically sustainable and developmental partnership. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 491-500 Issue: 157 Volume: 45 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2018.1500359 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2018.1500359 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:45:y:2018:i:157:p:491-500 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dirk Kohnert Author-X-Name-First: Dirk Author-X-Name-Last: Kohnert Title: Trump's tariff impact on Africa and the ambiguous role of African agency Abstract: The current debate on Trump’s tariffs focuses on the big global players and competitors of the USA. Africa plays virtually no role in international scholarly perceptions of the impact of US protective tariffs on imported steel, aluminium and cars. Nevertheless, there are such effects and these are more than peanuts, as will be shown in this Briefing. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 451-466 Issue: 157 Volume: 45 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2018.1500362 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2018.1500362 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:45:y:2018:i:157:p:451-466 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Matthew Quest Author-X-Name-First: Matthew Author-X-Name-Last: Quest Title: Dedan Kimathi on trial: colonial justice and popular memory in Kenya’s Mau Mau rebellion / Living with Nkrumahism: nation, state, and pan-Africanism in Ghana Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 511-513 Issue: 157 Volume: 45 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2018.1531993 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2018.1531993 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:45:y:2018:i:157:p:511-513 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hannah Cross Author-X-Name-First: Hannah Author-X-Name-Last: Cross Author-Name: Leo Zeilig Author-X-Name-First: Leo Author-X-Name-Last: Zeilig Title: In tribute to our comrade Samir Amin, 1931–2018 Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 365-377 Issue: 157 Volume: 45 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2018.1533628 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2018.1533628 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:45:y:2018:i:157:p:365-377 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Henning Melber Author-X-Name-First: Henning Author-X-Name-Last: Melber Title: Populism in Southern Africa under liberation movements as governments Abstract: Anti-colonial movements secured political power as governments in countries of Southern Africa. Populist discourses, which reinforce the patriotic history and heroic narratives of a ‘big men’ syndrome, are part of their political culture retaining continued legitimacy, not least in South Africa, Namibia and Zimbabwe, where national sovereignty was the result of a negotiated transfer of political power. This briefing presents a critical assessment of such populism as an integral part of the repertoire of former liberation movements as governments. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 678-686 Issue: 158 Volume: 45 Year: 2018 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2018.1500360 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2018.1500360 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:45:y:2018:i:158:p:678-686 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Téwodros W. Workneh Author-X-Name-First: Téwodros W. Author-X-Name-Last: Workneh Title: State monopoly of telecommunications in Ethiopia: origins, debates, and the way forward Abstract: A rare breed in the era of deregulation, Ethiopia’s state-controlled telecommunications sector has been a source of intense debate involving domestic and international stakeholders. Based on analysis of interviews, this essay explores the Ethiopian state’s rationales for state monopoly of telecommunications within a developmental-neopatrimonial state framework. Despite external and internal pressures to deregulate the sector, EPRDF considers state control of telecommunications as a model that fosters universal access/service and generates considerable revenue. Notwithstanding the Ethiopian government’s historically unwavering position, the article concludes by making a case for public-private partnership as a sustainable model for telecommunication operation in Ethiopia. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 592-608 Issue: 158 Volume: 45 Year: 2018 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2018.1531390 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2018.1531390 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:45:y:2018:i:158:p:592-608 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Inge Tvedten Author-X-Name-First: Inge Author-X-Name-Last: Tvedten Author-Name: Rachi Picardo Author-X-Name-First: Rachi Author-X-Name-Last: Picardo Title: ‘Goats eat where they are tied up’: illicit and habitual corruption in Mozambique Abstract: The article shows that corruption is structural and omnipresent in Mozambican society, effectively legitimising corrupt practices at all levels. Using an anthropological approach, it argues that small-scale corruption has the most immediate effects for the urban and rural poor and is so common that it has become an integrated part of daily life, or ‘habitual’. While most of the poor relate to corruption through tacit acceptance and acts of compliance, its practical implications are most severe for the very poorest, who cannot afford to take part in corrupt exchanges and are excluded from vital social relationships and social services. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 541-557 Issue: 158 Volume: 45 Year: 2018 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2018.1546686 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2018.1546686 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:45:y:2018:i:158:p:541-557 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Oluwatoyin O. Oluwaniyi Author-X-Name-First: Oluwatoyin O. Author-X-Name-Last: Oluwaniyi Title: RETRACTED ARTICLE: The role of multinational oil corporations (MNOCs) in Nigeria: more exploitation equals less development of oil-rich Niger Delta region Abstract: We, the Editors and Publisher of Review of African Political Economy, have retracted the following article:Oluwaniyi, Oluwatoyin O. 2018. “The Role of Multinational Oil Corporations (MNOCs) in Nigeria: More Exploitation Equals Less Development of Oil-rich Niger Delta Region.” Review of African Political Economy 45 (158): 558-573. doi:10.1080/03056244.2018.1546687.The above-named Review of African Political Economy article has been retracted and should not be cited. Following publication of the above article in print and online, it has been determined that the paper has been previously published elsewhere.The Editors together with the publishers of the journal, Taylor & Francis, note that we received, peer-reviewed, accepted, and published the article on the basis of warranties made by the author regarding its originality and provenance.We have been informed in our decision-making by our publishing ethics and the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines on retractions.The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as “Retracted”. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 558-573 Issue: 158 Volume: 45 Year: 2018 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2018.1546687 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2018.1546687 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:45:y:2018:i:158:p:558-573 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Heba Khalil Author-X-Name-First: Heba Author-X-Name-Last: Khalil Author-Name: Brian Dill Author-X-Name-First: Brian Author-X-Name-Last: Dill Title: Negotiating statist neoliberalism: the political economy of post-revolution Egypt Abstract: This article explores the reproduction of Egypt’s post-revolutionary political economy under the military regime. Through an examination of tax and fiscal policy, the authors argue that a strategic wedding of seemingly contradictory state types allows the current regime to create a hybrid they call ‘statist neoliberalism’. The article argues that this hybrid form is not accidental, but is an intentional project that allows the state to sustain neoliberal reforms, whilst maintaining its long-standing control over society and the economy. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 574-591 Issue: 158 Volume: 45 Year: 2018 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2018.1547187 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2018.1547187 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:45:y:2018:i:158:p:574-591 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Raphael Frankfurter Author-X-Name-First: Raphael Author-X-Name-Last: Frankfurter Author-Name: Mara Kardas-Nelson Author-X-Name-First: Mara Author-X-Name-Last: Kardas-Nelson Author-Name: Adia Benton Author-X-Name-First: Adia Author-X-Name-Last: Benton Author-Name: Mohamed Bailor Barrie Author-X-Name-First: Mohamed Bailor Author-X-Name-Last: Barrie Author-Name: Yusupha Dibba Author-X-Name-First: Yusupha Author-X-Name-Last: Dibba Author-Name: Paul Farmer Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Farmer Author-Name: Eugene T. Richardson Author-X-Name-First: Eugene T. Author-X-Name-Last: Richardson Title: Indirect rule redux: the political economy of diamond mining and its relation to the Ebola outbreak in Kono District, Sierra Leone Abstract: This article explores the relationship between the 2014–2016 Ebola outbreak and the political economy of diamond mining in Kono District, Sierra Leone. The authors argue that foreign companies have recycled colonial strategies of indirect rule to facilitate the illicit flow of resources out of Sierra Leone. Drawing on field research conducted during the outbreak and in its aftermath, they show how this ‘indirect rule redux’ undermines democratic governance and the development of revenue-generation institutions. Finally, they consider the linkages between indirect rule and the Ebola outbreak, vis-à-vis the consequences of the region’s intentionally underdeveloped health care infrastructure and the scaffolding of outbreak containment onto the paramount chieftaincy system. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 522-540 Issue: 158 Volume: 45 Year: 2018 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2018.1547188 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2018.1547188 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:45:y:2018:i:158:p:522-540 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Habtom Yohannes Author-X-Name-First: Habtom Author-X-Name-Last: Yohannes Title: The Horn of Africa: state formation and decay Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 687-691 Issue: 158 Volume: 45 Year: 2018 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2018.1589690 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2018.1589690 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:45:y:2018:i:158:p:687-691 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alfred Zack-Williams Author-X-Name-First: Alfred Author-X-Name-Last: Zack-Williams Title: The state and accumulation in Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 515-521 Issue: 158 Volume: 45 Year: 2018 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2018.1591076 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2018.1591076 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:45:y:2018:i:158:p:515-521 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Janet Bujra Author-X-Name-First: Janet Author-X-Name-Last: Bujra Author-Name: Jacqueline Mgumia Author-X-Name-First: Jacqueline Author-X-Name-Last: Mgumia Author-Name: Leo Zeilig Author-X-Name-First: Leo Author-X-Name-Last: Zeilig Author-Name: Issa Shivji Author-X-Name-First: Issa Author-X-Name-Last: Shivji Author-Name: Matt Swagler Author-X-Name-First: Matt Author-X-Name-Last: Swagler Author-Name: Arndt Hopfmann Author-X-Name-First: Arndt Author-X-Name-Last: Hopfmann Author-Name: Tunde Zack-Williams Author-X-Name-First: Tunde Author-X-Name-Last: Zack-Williams Author-Name: Amber Murrey Author-X-Name-First: Amber Author-X-Name-Last: Murrey Author-Name: Gacheke Gachihi Author-X-Name-First: Gacheke Author-X-Name-Last: Gachihi Author-Name: Sabatho Nyamsenda Author-X-Name-First: Sabatho Author-X-Name-Last: Nyamsenda Author-Name: Chambi Chachage Author-X-Name-First: Chambi Author-X-Name-Last: Chachage Author-Name: Marjorie Mbilinyi Author-X-Name-First: Marjorie Author-X-Name-Last: Mbilinyi Author-Name: Janet Bujra Author-X-Name-First: Janet Author-X-Name-Last: Bujra Author-Name: Jacqueline Mgumia Author-X-Name-First: Jacqueline Author-X-Name-Last: Mgumia Author-Name: Leo Zeilig Author-X-Name-First: Leo Author-X-Name-Last: Zeilig Author-Name: Issa G. Shivji Author-X-Name-First: Issa G. Author-X-Name-Last: Shivji Author-Name: Matt Swagler Author-X-Name-First: Matt Author-X-Name-Last: Swagler Author-Name: Arndt Hopfmann Author-X-Name-First: Arndt Author-X-Name-Last: Hopfmann Author-Name: Tunde Zack-Williams Author-X-Name-First: Tunde Author-X-Name-Last: Zack-Williams Author-Name: Amber Murrey Author-X-Name-First: Amber Author-X-Name-Last: Murrey Author-Name: Gacheke Gachihi Author-X-Name-First: Gacheke Author-X-Name-Last: Gachihi Author-Name: Sabatho Nyamsenda Author-X-Name-First: Sabatho Author-X-Name-Last: Nyamsenda Author-Name: Chambi Chachage Author-X-Name-First: Chambi Author-X-Name-Last: Chachage Author-Name: Marjorie Mbilinyi Author-X-Name-First: Marjorie Author-X-Name-Last: Mbilinyi Title: Connections 2: Roape Workshop in Dar es Salaam, 16–17 April 2018 Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 609-677 Issue: 158 Volume: 45 Year: 2018 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2018.1598052 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2018.1598052 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:45:y:2018:i:158:p:609-677 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Volume index Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 692-696 Issue: 158 Volume: 45 Year: 2018 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2018.1601859 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2018.1601859 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:45:y:2018:i:158:p:692-696 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hannah Cross Author-X-Name-First: Hannah Author-X-Name-Last: Cross Title: Divisive democracy and popular struggle in Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 1-6 Issue: 143 Volume: 42 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1015251 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1015251 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2020:i:143:p:1-6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christopher Webb Author-X-Name-First: Christopher Author-X-Name-Last: Webb Title: Fighting talk: Ruth First's early journalism 1947–1950 Abstract: While celebrated for her anti-apartheid activism, Ruth First's early journalism has received limited attention by scholars. The result has been an incomplete understanding of her political and intellectual development. Drawing from First's scrapbooks, this article examines some of the themes that preoccupied her from 1947–1950 while situating her work within the broader political context. Her journalism played a crucial role in chronicling resistance to segregationist policies in the pre-apartheid period and the role of cheap labour in capitalist development. Many of the themes that dominated her work on labour and development in Mozambique can be glimpsed in these scrapbooks. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 7-21 Issue: 143 Volume: 42 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.988697 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.988697 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2020:i:143:p:7-21 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Allison Drew Author-X-Name-First: Allison Author-X-Name-Last: Drew Title: Visions of liberation: the Algerian war of independence and its South African reverberations Abstract: The launch of South Africa's armed struggle has been portrayed as the action of urban-based South African Communist Party (SACP) and African National Congress (ANC) members; scholarly debates concern the relative importance of the SACP, ANC and the Soviet Union. Yet the Left was fluid and eclectic during this transitional period. Seeking new approaches and methods to address the rapidly evolving political environment, left-wing activists drew on political and personal contacts to build new underground networks. Their arguments came not from the Soviets but from the experiences of guerrilla struggles, such as Algeria's war of independence. They sought, unsuccessfully, to integrate insights from Algeria into their strategies. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 22-43 Issue: 143 Volume: 42 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.1000288 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.1000288 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2020:i:143:p:22-43 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Seema Shah Author-X-Name-First: Seema Author-X-Name-Last: Shah Title: Free and fair? Citizens’ assessments of the 2013 general election in Kenya Abstract: Kenya's peaceful 2013 election came as a relief to domestic and international observers, who feared a repeat of the brutal 2007––2008 post-election violence. Many observers conflated this relative peace with electoral credibility, but analysis of a post-election national opinion poll reveals a more complex picture. Most Kenyans did feel that the 2013 election was free and fair, but their conception of free and fair is rooted more in the historical context of the election than in technical electoral procedures. Personal experiences of irregularities at the level of polling stations do not play a statistically significant role in shaping voters’ opinions about electoral credibility. Instead, voters are more influenced by their ethnicities, their confidence in electoral institutions and by how highly they prioritised peace. These findings reveal the importance of local context and history in conceptions of electoral integrity on the ground. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 44-61 Issue: 143 Volume: 42 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.995162 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.995162 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2020:i:143:p:44-61 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ebenezer Obadare Author-X-Name-First: Ebenezer Author-X-Name-Last: Obadare Title: Sex, citizenship and the state in Nigeria: Islam, Christianity and emergent struggles over intimacy Abstract: In this article, the author uses the belligerence toward alternative sexualities in Nigeria as a point of departure for a critical appraisal of the terms of inclusion and exclusion in the country's body politic. This belligerence has thrown up a rare alliance of the state, religious leaders and the print media. Attributing this alliance to the postcolonial crisis over the functions of masculinisation and power, the author suggests that anti-gay resentment is a straw man for a ruling elite facing growing socio-economic pressure. This shunting-off of sexual ‘others’ from the terrain of public action has profound implications for the way modern Nigerian citizenship is understood. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 62-76 Issue: 143 Volume: 42 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.988699 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.988699 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2020:i:143:p:62-76 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nuno Vidal Author-X-Name-First: Nuno Author-X-Name-Last: Vidal Title: Angolan civil society activism since the 1990s: reformists, confrontationists and young revolutionaries of the ‘Arab spring generation’ Abstract: Aiming for regime transformation, post-transition Angolan civil society activism moved from reformism and confrontationism to ultra-confrontationism. Reformism and confrontationism evolved until the 2008 elections, influenced by development thinking (neoliberalism/institutionalism vs neo-Marxism/world-system thinking), in two opposing strategies: ‘constructive engagement’ vs political defiance. The dispute ended with ultra-confrontationism gaining impetus with the Arab spring, with a younger generation resorting to new methods (information and communications technology and demonstrations). Despite the lack of funding or international links, the newer methods caused more concern to the regime. Nevertheless, they suffer from the same shortfalls as their predecessors: they are confined to an urban/suburban social segment, and unable to attract the majority of the population. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 77-91 Issue: 143 Volume: 42 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1015103 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1015103 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2020:i:143:p:77-91 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bettina Engels Author-X-Name-First: Bettina Author-X-Name-Last: Engels Title: Different means of protest, same causes: popular struggles in Burkina Faso Abstract: The article examines the relationship of riots to more organised and sustained protests by trade unions and other established oppositional organisations. It focuses on protests related to the 2007–2008 food and fuel price crisis. In a case study on Burkina Faso, actors, means and achievements of the popular struggles are analysed. It is argued that protests by the trade unions on the one side and riots on the other relate to one another. Both present struggles by different segments of the popular classes that sometimes use different means but emerge from the same structural causes and address the same problem. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 92-106 Issue: 143 Volume: 42 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.996123 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.996123 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2020:i:143:p:92-106 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marcel Paret Author-X-Name-First: Marcel Author-X-Name-Last: Paret Title: Violence and democracy in South Africa's community protests Abstract: Community protests in South Africa are often described as violent. Drawing from newspaper articles, interviews with protesters and statements by public officials, this paper unpacks the meaning of ‘violent protest'. It shows that violence is both ambiguous and deeply entangled with democracy. On the one hand, violent practices may become a tool of liberation, promoting democracy by empowering marginalised groups. On the other hand, democracy may become a tool of domination, undermining dissent by constituting as violent those persons and actions that deviate from formal institutional channels. The analysis urges scholars to adopt a critical and nuanced view of violence. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 107-123 Issue: 143 Volume: 42 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.995163 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.995163 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2020:i:143:p:107-123 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Koenraad Bogaert Author-X-Name-First: Koenraad Author-X-Name-Last: Bogaert Title: The revolt of small towns: the meaning of Morocco's history and the geography of social protests Abstract: Attempts to understand the wider context of the Arab uprisings in Morocco mainly focus on the dynamic created by the 20 February Movement, while the long history of increasing socio-economic struggle tends to be underestimated. This article argues that the political and democratic protests of the last two years and the history of socio-economic protests cannot be viewed as unrelated phenomena but must be understood as part of the same process. The account focuses on different disturbances, such as the riots in the phosphate mining region of Khouribga, to show the particular dynamic between civil democratic and socio-economic struggles. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 124-140 Issue: 143 Volume: 42 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.918536 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.918536 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2020:i:143:p:124-140 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dirk Kohnert Author-X-Name-First: Dirk Author-X-Name-Last: Kohnert Title: Horse-trading on EU–African Economic Partnership Agreements Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 141-147 Issue: 143 Volume: 42 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.988700 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.988700 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2020:i:143:p:141-147 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lila Chouli Author-X-Name-First: Lila Author-X-Name-Last: Chouli Title: L'insurrection populaire et la Transition au Burkina Faso Abstract: At the end of October 2014, Africa was again the scene of a popular uprising: in two days the people of Burkina Faso, in mass demonstrations, emptied the presidential palace of its occupant, exceeding even the slogans launched by political opposition and civil society organisations. On 31 October President Blaise Compaoré, after 27 years in power, was forced to resign. In this briefing, after a very brief overview of the dynamics of the struggles in Burkina Faso, Lila Chouli presents in broad outline the nature of the post-October transition, its relationship to the uprising and some of the principal contradictions and tensions contained in these developments.À la fin d'octobre 2014, l'Afrique était le “théâtre” d'un soulèvement populaire, particulier par sa fulgurance : en deux jours, les masses burkinabè ont vidé le palais présidentiel de son occupant, dépassant le mot d'ordre lancé par l'opposition politique ainsi que des organisations de la société civile. Qu'en est-il de l'après octobre 2014 ? Après un très bref rappel de la dynamique des luttes au Burkina Faso, nous présenterons à grands traits l'organisation de la transition post-octobre dans ses rapports à l'esprit du soulèvement populaire, dans sa pluralité, pouvant même être contradictoire …  Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 148-155 Issue: 143 Volume: 42 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2015.1016290 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2015.1016290 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2020:i:143:p:148-155 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eddy Akpomera Author-X-Name-First: Eddy Author-X-Name-Last: Akpomera Title: International crude oil theft: elite predatory tendencies in Nigeria Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 156-165 Issue: 143 Volume: 42 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2014.988696 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2014.988696 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:42:y:2020:i:143:p:156-165 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ray Bush Author-X-Name-First: Ray Author-X-Name-Last: Bush Author-Name: Elisa Greco Author-X-Name-First: Elisa Author-X-Name-Last: Greco Title: Egypt under military rule Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 529-534 Issue: 162 Volume: 46 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2019.1775427 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2019.1775427 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:46:y:2020:i:162:p:529-534 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mathilde Fautras Author-X-Name-First: Mathilde Author-X-Name-Last: Fautras Author-Name: Giulio Iocco Author-X-Name-First: Giulio Author-X-Name-Last: Iocco Title: Land, politics and dynamics of agrarian change and resistance in North Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 535-548 Issue: 162 Volume: 46 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2019.1688941 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2019.1688941 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:46:y:2020:i:162:p:535-548 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Saker El Nour Author-X-Name-First: Saker El Author-X-Name-Last: Nour Title: Grabbing from below: a study of land reclamation in Egypt Abstract: The article questions state land commodification and the expansion of frontiers in land reclamation projects in Egypt. It does so by drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in the form of in-depth interviews and archival research on land tenure relations in Wadi Al-Nukra, Upper Egypt. In the article, actors and structure dynamics are situated in the wider political economy framework in order to guide both the data collection and the discussion surrounding the results. The key finding was that agricultural development in the desert created a particular class formation and resulted in specific land concentration. It did not lead to the hegemony of agribusiness nor to the success of desert agriculture in solving agrarian questions or issues relating to food security and population redistribution. The coexistence of different legal frameworks, development policies and discourses concerning allocation of state land, all of these coming from different backgrounds, has led to the concentration of property and to cronyism. It also reveals a deepening social differentiation and class formation. The land reclamation project in desert areas is increasingly moving towards an acceleration of the commodification of state land used for production, accumulation and speculation. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 549-566 Issue: 162 Volume: 46 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2019.1755190 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2019.1755190 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:46:y:2020:i:162:p:549-566 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yasmine Moataz Ahmed Author-X-Name-First: Yasmine Moataz Author-X-Name-Last: Ahmed Title: The social life of wheat and grapes: domestic land-grabbing as accumulation by dispossession in rural Egypt Abstract: In the last three decades, Egypt’s rural population has experienced different types of struggle over land as a result of neoliberal land reforms, which have favoured landowners and marginalised tenants’ interests. While the literature highlighted the negative effects on the tenants, little attention was given to what landlords did with the land after the reforms. Drawing on fieldwork conducted between 2011 and 2013 in five Egyptian villages, the article addresses this lacuna by investigating tenants’ understanding of land-use change. Using a revised conceptualisation of Marx’s metabolic rift, the article shows that evicted tenants understand this shift as part of a domestic land grab that disrupted the ecological system. The article therefore conceptualises land dispossession and domestic land grabs as mutually reinforcing processes and draws particular attention to the sensorial dimensions associated with domestic land grab, in addition to the political and economic dimensions. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 567-581 Issue: 162 Volume: 46 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2019.1688486 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2019.1688486 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:46:y:2020:i:162:p:567-581 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Francesco de Lellis Author-X-Name-First: Francesco Author-X-Name-Last: de Lellis Title: Peasants, dispossession and resistance in Egypt: an analysis of protest movements and organisations before and after the 2011 uprising Abstract: The livelihoods of Egypt’s agrarian working classes have been under attack for at least 30 years by policies dispossessing them of natural and economic resources. This process accelerated in the mid 1990s when a domestic land grab took place, eradicating tenure rights for poor tenants. Rural Egypt was part of the 2011 revolutionary process, although heavily marginalised in narratives about the ‘Spring’. Land occupations, farmers’ protests and unionisation were part of the revolutionary landscape, in direct continuity with previous struggles, but also showing signs of rupture and innovation. Reactions from below against dispossession have been variegated and developing, but their determinants remain largely unaddressed. The article retraces the trajectories of these struggles, pointing at the crucial role that the peasants’ allies (leftist civic activism, NGOs and political parties) have played in enhancing and/or undermining agrarian movements at particular historical conjunctures. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 582-598 Issue: 162 Volume: 46 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2019.1688487 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2019.1688487 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:46:y:2020:i:162:p:582-598 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christian Henderson Author-X-Name-First: Christian Author-X-Name-Last: Henderson Title: Gulf capital and Egypt's corporate food system: a region in the third food regime Abstract: How can we define the emergence of new spaces in the global corporate food system? This article argues that regions in food regime theory have been overlooked, both geographically and socially. As an example of the significance of the regional level, it examines the case of the relationship between Egypt and the Gulf states. In addition to Western capital, Egypt's corporate food system has been determined by regional capital from the Gulf. Gulf investment is one of the largest foreign capitals in Egypt's agribusiness sector and it owns companies that have controlling market shares of corporate food. It will argue that this has been concomitant with the political power of a class hierarchy that extends from Egypt into the Gulf Cooperation Council states. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 599-614 Issue: 162 Volume: 46 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2018.1552583 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2018.1552583 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:46:y:2020:i:162:p:599-614 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marie Widengård Author-X-Name-First: Marie Author-X-Name-Last: Widengård Title: Land deals, and how not all states react the same: Zambia and the Chinese request Abstract: The global land rush has drawn new attention to the African state. Governments have generally been accused of brokering deals that are assumed to negatively affect local people. This framing contributes to an image that all states react in the same way, ignoring that states and customary rulers still covet control over land. By drawing on a Chinese land request for 2 million hectares in Zambia, the article argues that processes of land acquisition are deeply influenced by the shifting politics and policies within the respective country, specifically since a change of government changed the dynamics of the deal. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 615-631 Issue: 162 Volume: 46 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2019.1614551 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2019.1614551 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:46:y:2020:i:162:p:615-631 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Dwyer Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Dwyer Author-Name: Fatou Diouf Author-X-Name-First: Fatou Author-X-Name-Last: Diouf Author-Name: Grasian Mkodzongi Author-X-Name-First: Grasian Author-X-Name-Last: Mkodzongi Author-Name: Beesan Kasaab Author-X-Name-First: Beesan Author-X-Name-Last: Kasaab Author-Name: Didier Kiendrebeogo Author-X-Name-First: Didier Author-X-Name-Last: Kiendrebeogo Author-Name: Mohamed Traore Author-X-Name-First: Mohamed Author-X-Name-Last: Traore Author-Name: Naome Chakanya Author-X-Name-First: Naome Author-X-Name-Last: Chakanya Author-Name: Njuki Githethwa Author-X-Name-First: Njuki Author-X-Name-Last: Githethwa Author-Name: Fatou Diouf Author-X-Name-First: Fatou Author-X-Name-Last: Diouf Author-Name: Grasian Mkodzongi Author-X-Name-First: Grasian Author-X-Name-Last: Mkodzongi Author-Name: Beesan Kasaab Author-X-Name-First: Beesan Author-X-Name-Last: Kasaab Author-Name: Didier Kiendrebeogo Author-X-Name-First: Didier Author-X-Name-Last: Kiendrebeogo Author-Name: Mohamed Traore Author-X-Name-First: Mohamed Author-X-Name-Last: Traore Author-Name: Naome Chakanya Author-X-Name-First: Naome Author-X-Name-Last: Chakanya Author-Name: Njuki Githethwa Author-X-Name-First: Njuki Author-X-Name-Last: Githethwa Title: Connections 3: ROAPE workshop in Johannesburg, 26–27 November 2018 Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 632-664 Issue: 162 Volume: 46 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2019.1775431 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2019.1775431 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:46:y:2020:i:162:p:632-664 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maurice Okito Author-X-Name-First: Maurice Author-X-Name-Last: Okito Title: Rwanda poverty debate: summarising the debate and estimating consistent historical trends Abstract: This briefing aims to: (1) summarise the poverty debate and (2) explain differences between the estimates produced by different authors. The key points are that: (1) there has been a sharp increase in poverty since 2011 according to all consistent trend estimates; (2) the finding is robust to all reasonable assumptions about inflation and price data; and (3) the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda’s findings do not tally with their own stated assumptions about inflation. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 665-672 Issue: 162 Volume: 46 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2019.1678463 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2019.1678463 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:46:y:2020:i:162:p:665-672 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dirk Kohnert Author-X-Name-First: Dirk Author-X-Name-Last: Kohnert Title: The impact of Brexit on francophone Africa Abstract: The Brexit election in the United Kingdom on 12 December 2019 which brought Boris Johnson to power made it clear beyond doubt that Brexit will come soon. With or without an EU deal, the impact on Africa will be considerable too. Brexit affects not only Commonwealth but also francophone Africa. The range of the impact stretches from having a direct economic bearing on commodity prices and national budgets, to indirect political effects on progressive social networks that contest the post-colonial CFA currency and the murky network of Françafrique. The following briefing provides an overview of the hitherto under-researched questions on the impact of Brexit on African countries outside the Commonwealth of Nations. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 673-685 Issue: 162 Volume: 46 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2019.1696292 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2019.1696292 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:46:y:2020:i:162:p:673-685 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Volume Index Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 686-690 Issue: 162 Volume: 46 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2019.1776501 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2019.1776501 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:46:y:2020:i:162:p:686-690 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alfred Zack-Williams Author-X-Name-First: Alfred Author-X-Name-Last: Zack-Williams Title: Africa – coping with the ‘new normal’ Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 1-9 Issue: 163 Volume: 47 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2020.1794111 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2020.1794111 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:47:y:2020:i:163:p:1-9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jean Copans Author-X-Name-First: Jean Author-X-Name-Last: Copans Title: Have the social classes of yesterday vanished from Africanist issues or are African societies made up of new classes? A French anthropologist’s perspective Abstract: The concept of social class and how it relates to the African context was theorised in France during the 1960s and 1970s in Africanist sociology and anthropology. The author summarises the major contributions of these works as well as providing his own analysis. He concludes that the variety of empirical data and the abrupt shifts in societal evolution of the continent over the past century have unfortunately dictated a speculative and quasi-experimental use of the concept of class in much of the literature. He also comments on the interventions on class that were published in ROAPE and its blog, Roape.net, in recent years. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 10-26 Issue: 163 Volume: 47 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2020.1753405 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2020.1753405 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:47:y:2020:i:163:p:10-26 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paul Stewart Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart Author-Name: Andries Bezuidenhout Author-X-Name-First: Andries Author-X-Name-Last: Bezuidenhout Author-Name: Christine Bischoff Author-X-Name-First: Christine Author-X-Name-Last: Bischoff Title: Safety and health before and after Marikana: subcontracting, illegal mining and trade union rivalry in the South African mining industry Abstract: Mine and worker Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) remains crucial given the historically dismal record of fatalities and accidents in mining in South Africa. OHS also played a central role in the resurgence of trade unionism of black South African mineworkers in the 1980s. While the OHS literature has the workplace as its predominant focus, this article explores three factors relating to conditions external to and beyond mining production: subcontracting, illegal mining and inter-union rivalry. By drawing on empirical studies conducted over two decades, employing a range of research methodologies, the article shows how these factors impact negatively on the mechanisms regulating safety and occupational health. The article concludes that understanding the OHS environment cannot remain restricted to the underground mining workplace. Instead, it points to a broader conceptualisation of OHS and notes the implications for worker politics and progressive research practice. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 27-44 Issue: 163 Volume: 47 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2019.1679103 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2019.1679103 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:47:y:2020:i:163:p:27-44 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lawrence Ntuli Author-X-Name-First: Lawrence Author-X-Name-Last: Ntuli Title: The strategies and tactics of fighting against precarisation of work: a comparative study of precarious workers’ struggles in two South African municipalities Abstract: This article compares the tactics and strategies used by precarious workers who fought through the union and those who engaged in struggle without being led by the trade union. Even though both groups fought separately and used different form of organisations, they used almost identical tactics and strategies. Most importantly, both groups of workers believed that only through a trade union could they win better pay and conditions. This article draws on data sourced from primary (interviews) and secondary sources. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 45-58 Issue: 163 Volume: 47 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2020.1790226 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2020.1790226 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:47:y:2020:i:163:p:45-58 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fadzai Chipato Author-X-Name-First: Fadzai Author-X-Name-Last: Chipato Author-Name: Libin Wang Author-X-Name-First: Libin Author-X-Name-Last: Wang Author-Name: Ting Zuo Author-X-Name-First: Ting Author-X-Name-Last: Zuo Author-Name: George T. Mudimu Author-X-Name-First: George T. Author-X-Name-Last: Mudimu Title: The politics of youth struggles for land in post-land reform Zimbabwe Abstract: The youth in post-land reform Zimbabwe are engaged in struggles for land ownership, access and control. This article focuses on youth struggles from the grassroots to the national level. The struggles for land emanate from a number of factors among which are: elite alienation, the state’s failure to exercise its constitutional mandate of a broad-based land reform, weak economic structure, the conflation of party and state politics, political opportunity calculations and social justice concerns. The conflation of party and state politics has exacerbated the use of land for patronage purposes and led to further youth disenfranchisement and more parochialism, as demonstrated by the narrowing of the youth’s national struggle for land to a party political matter. This has subordinated youth land struggles to the dictates of party politics. Youth in the rural areas unable to access productive land embarked on informal land occupation as they waited for unfulfilled promises from the authorities. The youth struggles are at a crossroads as the state’s narrative, discourse and policy position shifts under a new administration and economic order premised on neoliberalism. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 59-77 Issue: 163 Volume: 47 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2020.1730781 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2020.1730781 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:47:y:2020:i:163:p:59-77 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jacobo Grajales Author-X-Name-First: Jacobo Author-X-Name-Last: Grajales Title: From war to wealth? Land policies and the peace economy in Côte d’Ivoire Abstract: This article studies the production of economic domination after the end of the Ivorian armed conflict. It investigates the interaction between post-conflict development policies, people's expectations and fears unleashed by the end of war, and the capacity of local actors to establish external alliances. The inquiry focuses on a region located at the margins of the conflict, but at the core of post-war development schemes. In this warless land, policies implemented in the name of peace provide resources for dominant actors seeking to consolidate their position, thus reinforcing the social structures of agrarian capitalism that had been challenged during the war. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 78-94 Issue: 163 Volume: 47 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2020.1731683 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2020.1731683 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:47:y:2020:i:163:p:78-94 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mohammad Amir Anwar Author-X-Name-First: Mohammad Amir Author-X-Name-Last: Anwar Author-Name: Mark Graham Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Graham Title: Digital labour at economic margins: African workers and the global information economy Abstract: The main aim of this briefing is to make visible the invisible and bring light to the role African workers are playing in developing key emergent and everyday digital technologies such as autonomous vehicles, machine learning systems, next-generation search engines and recommendations systems. Once we acknowledge that many contemporary digital technologies rely on a lot of human labour to drive their interfaces, we can begin to piece together what the new global division of labour for digital work looks like and build a greater socio-political response (both at the global and local scale) to make some of these value chains more transparent, ethical and rewarding. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 95-105 Issue: 163 Volume: 47 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2020.1728243 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2020.1728243 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:47:y:2020:i:163:p:95-105 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Murtala Muhammad Author-X-Name-First: Murtala Author-X-Name-Last: Muhammad Author-Name: Ramatu Buba Author-X-Name-First: Ramatu Author-X-Name-Last: Buba Author-Name: Muhammad Danial Azman Author-X-Name-First: Muhammad Danial Author-X-Name-Last: Azman Author-Name: Abubakar Ahmed Author-X-Name-First: Abubakar Author-X-Name-Last: Ahmed Title: China’s involvement in the trans-Saharan textile trade and industry in Nigeria: the case of Kano Abstract: This Briefing analyses the large volume and value of smuggled Chinese textile products through the Sahara into the Kano market from 2000 to 2015. The evidence indicates that China’s involvement has displaced local manufacturers in the historic textile city of Kano. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 106-114 Issue: 163 Volume: 47 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2019.1680356 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2019.1680356 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:47:y:2020:i:163:p:106-114 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael I. Ugwueze Author-X-Name-First: Michael I. Author-X-Name-Last: Ugwueze Author-Name: Christian C. Ezeibe Author-X-Name-First: Christian C. Author-X-Name-Last: Ezeibe Author-Name: Jonah I. Onuoha Author-X-Name-First: Jonah I. Author-X-Name-Last: Onuoha Title: The political economy of automobile development in Nigeria Abstract: This briefing examines the major developments in Nigeria’s automobile industry since 1960. It argues that inconsistent implementation of automobile policies reinforces the capacity of non-indigenous automobile manufacturers to dominate the sector, and concludes that consistent auto-policy implementation that promotes the interests of indigenous manufacturers is relevant for increased local production and sustainable job creation in the sector. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 115-125 Issue: 163 Volume: 47 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2020.1721277 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2020.1721277 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:47:y:2020:i:163:p:115-125 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Youssoufou Hamadou Daouda Author-X-Name-First: Youssoufou Author-X-Name-Last: Hamadou Daouda Title: Poverty and living conditions with Boko Haram in the Lake Chad Basin: the case of southeastern Niger Abstract: This briefing analyses the political economy of Boko Haram and explains how the conflict dismantles the local economy, jeopardises living conditions and heightens tensions between local communities and public authorities. The conflict destroys the dynamism of the Lake Chad Basin economy based on cross-border trade in agricultural and fisheries products, and reduces many people to living in camps, where precarious living conditions and poverty become daily challenges, and where tensions between refugees, host populations and local authorities are recurrent. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 126-134 Issue: 163 Volume: 47 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2020.1722086 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2020.1722086 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:47:y:2020:i:163:p:126-134 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Franklin Obeng-Odoom Author-X-Name-First: Franklin Author-X-Name-Last: Obeng-Odoom Title: Why inequality persists in Africa Abstract: How to explain persistent inequality in Africa and its widespread consequences of uncertainty and social costs continues to be the focus of heated debate. In this debate piece, I argue that the contending orthodox, heterodox and political economy explanations are not satisfactory. Instead, stratification economics, centred on property and institutions, offers a more compelling elucidation of why stratification and inequality persist in Africa. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 135-143 Issue: 163 Volume: 47 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2020.1728244 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2020.1728244 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:47:y:2020:i:163:p:135-143 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Morten Ougaard Author-X-Name-First: Morten Author-X-Name-Last: Ougaard Title: Samir Amin's contribution to historical materialism Abstract: Samir Amin's contributions to historical materialism were original theoretical innovations that represented a clear break with Eurocentrism in this tradition. They include both the concept of tributary social formations and a truly global perspective on the development of human society. This debate piece argues that Amin's contributions deserve much more attention and appreciation than they have received. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 144-152 Issue: 163 Volume: 47 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2020.1722087 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2020.1722087 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:47:y:2020:i:163:p:144-152 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John S. Saul Author-X-Name-First: John S. Author-X-Name-Last: Saul Title: The African hero in Mozambican history: on assassinations and executions – Part I Abstract: ‘A gun shot in the middle of a concert [is] something vulgar, [yet] something which is impossible to ignore’, writes Stendhal, the greatest of political novelists. The same is true of death – especially of death by assassination and death by execution – in the political analysis of Africa. For, as argued here in two linked texts, one in this issue of the Review of African Political Economy, ROAPE, and a second in the following issue of ROAPE, such intrusions of planned and orchestrated deaths are seen to have provided key moments in African politics (and, not least, in Mozambican politics), albeit moments that have too seldom been allotted the theoretical attention they warrant or debated with the seriousness they deserve. In this Part I (and its subsection 1) of the present contribution to the Debate section of ROAPE, different ways of approaching this matter are first reflected upon. Then, in subsection 2, some of the issues so raised are exemplified with reference to the first of the two most pertinent assassinations in Mozambican history, the assassination in 1969 (in Dar es Salaam) of Frelimo’s first president, Eduardo Mondlane. In Part II of this essay (to appear in the next issue of ROAPE), the discussion of Mondlane and his assassination will be complemented by a reflection on the assassination in 1986 of his immediate successor as Frelimo president (and the eventual first president of Mozambique), Samora Machel. Several other related matters will also be discussed in this Part II, matters I will anticipate at the end of this first part (below). But such sections, too, will help us to bring into focus the main theme of this two-part article and of the subsequent debate it seems to stimulate, which are: just what difference can the several assassinations and executions that have scarred Mozambican history be thought to have made to the shaping of longer-term outcomes in the country’s history; and what, more generally, can we hope to learn from such a closer examination of the ‘what ifs’ of history? Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 153-165 Issue: 163 Volume: 47 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2020.1784577 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2020.1784577 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:47:y:2020:i:163:p:153-165 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Douglas Booth Author-X-Name-First: Douglas Author-X-Name-Last: Booth Title: Wentworth: the beautiful game and the making of place Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 166-168 Issue: 163 Volume: 47 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2020.1730602 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2020.1730602 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:47:y:2020:i:163:p:166-168 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reginald Cline-Cole Author-X-Name-First: Reginald Author-X-Name-Last: Cline-Cole Title: Socially distanced capitalism in a time of coronavirus Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 169-196 Issue: 164 Volume: 47 Year: 2020 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2020.1814627 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2020.1814627 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:47:y:2020:i:164:p:169-196 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Ruth First Prize Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 197-198 Issue: 164 Volume: 47 Year: 2020 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2020.1813971 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2020.1813971 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:47:y:2020:i:164:p:197-198 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Isidore Udoh Author-X-Name-First: Isidore Author-X-Name-Last: Udoh Title: Oil production, environmental pressures and other sources of violent conflict in Nigeria Abstract: Globally, environmental overexploitation and degradation constitute both threats to human development and sources of tension and conflicts. In Nigeria, the degradation of the Niger Delta environment by oil production has exacerbated long-standing grievances among communities competing for scarce resources. This article seeks to examine the theoretical and existential explanations for the mobilisation by groups from Nigeria’s oil-producing communities to pursue armed struggle in engaging with the Nigerian state and multinational oil companies. Using 10 focus groups with 85 participants, the author tests the argument that violent conflicts in the Niger Delta are related to the negative pressures placed on the environment and communities by pollution of land and water resources by oil production. These pressures expose the population of the area to poverty, hunger, malnutrition, anxiety, distrust and violence. The ensuing widening inequalities have spawned simmering grievances, a survivalist culture and a politics of ethnic mobilisation. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 199-219 Issue: 164 Volume: 47 Year: 2020 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2018.1549028 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2018.1549028 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:47:y:2020:i:164:p:199-219 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aaron C. van Klyton Author-X-Name-First: Aaron C. Author-X-Name-Last: van Klyton Author-Name: Said Rutabayiro-Ngoga Author-X-Name-First: Said Author-X-Name-Last: Rutabayiro-Ngoga Author-Name: Lakmal Liyanage Author-X-Name-First: Lakmal Author-X-Name-Last: Liyanage Title: Chinese investment in the Sierra Leone telecommunications sector: international financial institutions, neoliberalism and organisational fields Abstract: The article investigates the relationship between the Sierra Leonean government and international financial institutions in financial lending for the development of the country’s telecommunications infrastructure. The authors address two interrelated topics: 1) efforts by African countries to free themselves from Western-dominated programmes of neoliberal reform exercised through lending agreements; 2) an evolving economic relationship between African countries and China, particularly with respect to an emerging form of unequal exchange, and a false sense of empowerment in negotiation by African countries. Using the organisational field as a conceptual framework in the context of neoliberalism, the authors examine the power dynamics between foreign capital and Sierra Leone to understand how these relationships are affected and transformed by the availability of China as an alternative source of investment. They find evidence to support the coexistence and interdependency of multiple organisational fields that are affected by field-level changes yielding social, political and economic consequences for all the actors. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 220-237 Issue: 164 Volume: 47 Year: 2020 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2019.1605591 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2019.1605591 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:47:y:2020:i:164:p:220-237 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: G. S. Mmaduabuchi Okeke Author-X-Name-First: G. S. Mmaduabuchi Author-X-Name-Last: Okeke Author-Name: Uche Nwali Author-X-Name-First: Uche Author-X-Name-Last: Nwali Title: Campaign funding laws and the political economy of money politics in Nigeria Abstract: Campaign funding laws have failed to stem the phenomenon of money politics in postcolonial Nigeria. The predominant narrative in extant literature attributes this failure to lack of enforcement of the laws. This article rethinks the lack of enforcement narrative and argues that the laws have inbuilt biases that legitimise and perpetuate money politics; hence, any investment in enforcement can only yield meagre returns. But beyond the biased legal regime, mass poverty is largely why attempts to remedy the challenge of money politics via the instrument of law have failed. The article recommends a recalibration of Nigeria’s political economy to usher in a resource allocation and wealth redistribution regime that ensures the citizenry are not so poor that they would be vulnerable to material inducement. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 238-255 Issue: 164 Volume: 47 Year: 2020 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2019.1699043 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2019.1699043 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:47:y:2020:i:164:p:238-255 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tom Goodfellow Author-X-Name-First: Tom Author-X-Name-Last: Goodfellow Title: Finance, infrastructure and urban capital: the political economy of African ‘gap-filling’ Abstract: Financial flows into Africa are being reoriented through the pervasive discourse of the ‘infrastructure gap’. The article argues that the generation of new infrastructures identified as ‘alternative assets’ by global finance is also creating landscapes of opportunity for urban capital accumulation by more locally embedded actors. Thus, as international financial flows are becoming ‘infrastructuralised’, domestic capital is increasingly ‘real-estatised’. The conceptualisation of African urban economies in terms of deficits has obscured the extent to which they are also characterised by surfeits, including of certain kinds of property development and speculation, with important implications for the politics of urban accumulation, dispossession and violence. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 256-274 Issue: 164 Volume: 47 Year: 2020 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2020.1722088 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2020.1722088 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:47:y:2020:i:164:p:256-274 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jean-Claude N. Ashukem Author-X-Name-First: Jean-Claude N. Author-X-Name-Last: Ashukem Title: The SDGs and the bio-economy: fostering land-grabbing in Africa Abstract: This article analyses the contributory role of the bio-economy and the UN General Assembly Sustainable Development Goals in facilitating and fostering land-grabbing in sub-Saharan Africa. It argues that with the rapidly increasing demand for land and the use of agricultural produce for food and energy purposes, the bio-economy, together with the Sustainable Development Goals, has inexorably exacerbated the practice of land-grabbing in sub-Saharan Africa, where land is considered to be abundant, empty and unused. Sub-Saharan Africa has again been perceived primarily as a steady supplier of land for the production of food and non-food crops. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 275-290 Issue: 164 Volume: 47 Year: 2020 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2019.1687086 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2019.1687086 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:47:y:2020:i:164:p:275-290 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ikedinachi K. Ogamba Author-X-Name-First: Ikedinachi K. Author-X-Name-Last: Ogamba Title: Conditional cash transfer and education under neoliberalism in Nigeria: inequality, poverty and commercialisation in the school sector Abstract: This briefing contributes to the debate on education and inequalities in the era of neoliberal globalisation, exploring the extent to which conditional cash transfer (CCT) expands the choices and potentials of children from poor households using the critical lens of the capability approach. It argues that the effectiveness of the CCT programme in mitigating the effects of neoliberal policies in education and addressing inequalities in and through education has been limited, highlighting the implications for education and sustainable development. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 291-300 Issue: 164 Volume: 47 Year: 2020 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2020.1771298 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2020.1771298 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:47:y:2020:i:164:p:291-300 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Musiwaro Ndakaripa Author-X-Name-First: Musiwaro Author-X-Name-Last: Ndakaripa Title: Zimbabwe's 2018 elections: funding, public resources and vote buying Abstract: Using the concept of ‘competitive authoritarianism’, this briefing examines how the governing Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front (ZANU–PF) retained power in the July 2018 presidential, parliamentary and local government elections. It advances that, having come to power through military assistance in November 2017, the new ZANU–PF government instituted cosmetic political reforms to gain domestic and international legitimacy while maintaining financial networks and tentacles on public institutions. This briefing posits that, with a huge funding base, abuse of public resources and massive vote buying, materially, Zimbabwe's 2018 elections were heavily slanted in favour of ZANU–PF. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 301-312 Issue: 164 Volume: 47 Year: 2020 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2020.1735327 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2020.1735327 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:47:y:2020:i:164:p:301-312 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mike Chipere Author-X-Name-First: Mike Author-X-Name-Last: Chipere Title: Crisis of political leadership in Zimbabwe Abstract: Zimbabwe faces the deepest crisis of its time. The three main impediments to getting out of the crisis are, first, the current kleptocratic and dictatorial rule of President Emmerson Mnangagwa and his ZANU–PF party; second, the leadership and policies of the largest opposition party, the MDC; and last but not least, the operations of the World Bank and the IMF in Zimbabwe. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 313-323 Issue: 164 Volume: 47 Year: 2020 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2020.1722089 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2020.1722089 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:47:y:2020:i:164:p:313-323 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rune Larsen Author-X-Name-First: Rune Author-X-Name-Last: Larsen Author-Name: Stig Jensen Author-X-Name-First: Stig Author-X-Name-Last: Jensen Title: The imagined Africa of the West: a critical perspective on Western imaginations of Africa Abstract: This debate piece discusses how exceptionalised images of Africa are reproduced in contemporary Western discourse and imagination, and argues that these exceptionalised depictions of Africa enable Western consciousness to escape a confrontation with its own dysfunctionalities, hereby projecting all the excremental features characterising human existence on to its African Other. This is interpreted as a way for Western subjects to alter themselves into a position of idealised and imagined advanced civilisation – thus legitimising contemporary acts of neo-colonial exploitation in Africa. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 324-334 Issue: 164 Volume: 47 Year: 2020 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2019.1660155 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2019.1660155 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:47:y:2020:i:164:p:324-334 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John S. Saul Author-X-Name-First: John S. Author-X-Name-Last: Saul Title: The African hero in Mozambican history: on assassinations and executions – Part II Abstract: Part I of ‘The African hero in Mozambican history’, published in issue 163, launched a discussion of the possible role of the individual in African history … both in general terms and in terms of understanding more precisely the implications of the assassination of Eduardo Mondlane for the further development of Mozambique. Now, in Part II, this essay similarly considers (in subsection 3) the assassination of Mondlane’s successor as leader of Frelimo (and the man who would later become the first president of a liberated Mozambique), Samora Machel. It remains focused on the broad theme of death and its impact on the history of Mozambique in subsection 4 that follows. But it now does so by reflecting upon the possible import of ‘execution as a mode of governance’, and specifically by re-examining Frelimo’s secret executions, sometime in the first decade of Mozambican independence, of Uriah Simango, his wife and a number of his colleagues, a group that had come to form the movement’s internal opposition when in exile in Tanzania in the 1960s. It suggests that these extremely secretive executions can best be seen as negative outcomes of the self-righteous vanguardism that has come to haunt Frelimo in power up to the present. Part II then concludes (in subsection 5) by examining a further series of deaths: the wave of mafia-style killings that, in this century (and beginning with the assassination of crusading journalist Carlos Cardoso in 2000), has come to be called ‘Mozambique’s quiet assassination epidemic’. How best, finally, to interpret such an unsavoury recent phenomenon as this grisly ‘epidemic’? Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 335-345 Issue: 164 Volume: 47 Year: 2020 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2020.1792119 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2020.1792119 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:47:y:2020:i:164:p:335-345 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Abeer R. Y. Abazeed Author-X-Name-First: Abeer R. Y. Author-X-Name-Last: Abazeed Title: Power relations of development: the case of dam construction in the Nubian homeland, Sudan Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 346-348 Issue: 164 Volume: 47 Year: 2020 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2020.1814069 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2020.1814069 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:47:y:2020:i:164:p:346-348 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Correction Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 349-349 Issue: 164 Volume: 47 Year: 2020 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2020.1728913 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2020.1728913 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:47:y:2020:i:164:p:349-349 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elisa Greco Author-X-Name-First: Elisa Author-X-Name-Last: Greco Title: Africa, extractivism and the crisis this time Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 511-521 Issue: 166 Volume: 47 Year: 2020 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2020.1859839 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2020.1859839 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:47:y:2020:i:166:p:511-521 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maura Benegiamo Author-X-Name-First: Maura Author-X-Name-Last: Benegiamo Title: Extractivism, exclusion and conflicts in Senegal’s agro-industrial transformation Abstract: In the last two decades, the promotion of agro-industry has become a dominant developmental imperative on the African continent, leading to efforts to involve private-sector actors. This article examines the political economy and ecology of agro-industry in the Senegal River delta, focusing on local-level reactions to Senegalese initiatives aimed at attracting foreign investors in agriculture. The argument is that Senegal is witnessing the emergence of an agro-extractivist pattern that replaces earlier development objectives – such as peasants’ integration into the national economy – with the new imperative of the integration of territories into global capitalism. The article presents empirical evidence on three main consequences of the increased presence of agro-industry: a process of change in land property and access; the end of public support to peasant farmers; and an intensified marginalisation of pastoralism. Colonial heritage and the role of local resistances in shaping and mediating this developmental strategy are also discussed. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 522-544 Issue: 166 Volume: 47 Year: 2020 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2020.1794661 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2020.1794661 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:47:y:2020:i:166:p:522-544 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Matteo Capasso Author-X-Name-First: Matteo Author-X-Name-Last: Capasso Title: The war and the economy: the gradual destruction of Libya Abstract: This article questions dominant analyses about Libya’s present ‘war economy’ and ‘statelessness’, which are often deployed to explain the country’s ongoing destruction. By reinterpreting the history of the past as the failure of Libya to implement neoliberal reforms, these accounts trivialise its anti-imperialist history. The article reflects on the role that war and militarism play in the US-led imperialist structure, tracing the gradual unmaking of Libya from the progressive revolutionary era, towards its transformation into a comprador state and an outpost for global class war. In doing so, it moves the focus away from Libya’s ‘war economy’ to examine the war and the economy, linking Libya’s fate to the geo-economic and geopolitical forces at the core of US-led imperialism. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 545-567 Issue: 166 Volume: 47 Year: 2020 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2020.1801405 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2020.1801405 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:47:y:2020:i:166:p:545-567 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Freedom Mazwi Author-X-Name-First: Freedom Author-X-Name-Last: Mazwi Title: Sugar production dynamics in Zimbabwe: an analysis of contract farming at Hippo Valley Abstract: This article examines the nature of contractual relations between sugar outgrowers (contract farmers) and Tongaat Hulett Zimbabwe (THZ). Drawing from a research study conducted at Hippo Valley Estate, using a mixed-methods approach, findings reveal asymmetrical power relations in favour of THZ as reflected by its domination in price determination, monopsony control and risk sharing. Despite radicalisation and attempts by the state to curb the powers of international finance, the article argues that monopoly capital continues to wield significant control in Zimbabwe, leading to growing farmer indebtedness. Thus, the state–capital alliance presents a stumbling block for accumulation by sugar outgrowers. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 568-584 Issue: 166 Volume: 47 Year: 2020 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2020.1832022 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2020.1832022 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:47:y:2020:i:166:p:568-584 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Duncan Money Author-X-Name-First: Duncan Author-X-Name-Last: Money Author-Name: Hans Otto Frøland Author-X-Name-First: Hans Otto Author-X-Name-Last: Frøland Author-Name: Tshepo Gwatiwa Author-X-Name-First: Tshepo Author-X-Name-Last: Gwatiwa Title: Africa–EU relations and natural resource governance: understanding African agency in historical and contemporary perspective Abstract: This article examines the changing forms of African agency in the context of contestations over natural resource governance with the European Union. The authors argue that EU policy is motivated by material self-interest but that it has not been able to successfully implement these policies. The way these policies have been challenged by African states has changed, however. The authors argue that a crucial context for this is the failure of the New International Economic Order in the 1970s. The failure of these initiatives helps to explain why the impetus for natural resource governance continues to come from outside the African continent. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 585-603 Issue: 166 Volume: 47 Year: 2020 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2020.1839876 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2020.1839876 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:47:y:2020:i:166:p:585-603 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alhassan Atta-Quayson Author-X-Name-First: Alhassan Author-X-Name-Last: Atta-Quayson Author-Name: Amina H. Baidoo Author-X-Name-First: Amina H. Author-X-Name-Last: Baidoo Title: Mining-induced violent resistance: the case of salt mining near Keta lagoon Abstract: There has been an upsurge in mining-induced violent resistance within the vicinity of Keta lagoon in Ghana that questions the legitimacy of ongoing large-scale salt production by Kensington Salt Industries Ltd. Between 2013 and 2017, there was a series of violent protests and clashes at Adina and adjoining communities at the eastern banks of Keta lagoon, leading to deaths and to destruction of the company’s property and equipment. The upsurge of mining-induced violent resistance in Keta follows the displacement of thousands of indigenes and growing state preference for large-scale projects in the salt sector. The article thus questions the credibility of the company’s permits and calls on relevant state agencies to engage Kensington and the affected communities to address the outlined factors responsible for the resistance and conflict. This must be done in accordance with the minerals and mining policy framework as well as regional and continental policy initiatives that the government has committed to. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 604-620 Issue: 166 Volume: 47 Year: 2020 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2020.1853518 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2020.1853518 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:47:y:2020:i:166:p:604-620 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zack Zimbalist Author-X-Name-First: Zack Author-X-Name-Last: Zimbalist Title: So many ‘Africanists’, so few Africans: reshaping our understanding of ‘African politics’ through greater nuance and amplification of African voices Abstract: Who produces knowledge on ‘African politics’? Within political science, our understanding of politics in Africa is overwhelmingly shaped by non-Africans who spend most of their time far removed from Africa. This reality has serious consequences for the academic community, policymakers, students and citizens across the world. Using a new data set of undergraduate syllabi and doctoral exam reading lists, this article sheds further light on this knowledge production and instruction problem and provides suggestions for how we might redress this problem. In doing so, we can generate more nuanced understandings of governance dynamics that are centred on African voices and perspectives. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 621-637 Issue: 166 Volume: 47 Year: 2020 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2020.1840972 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2020.1840972 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:47:y:2020:i:166:p:621-637 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Angus Elsby Author-X-Name-First: Angus Author-X-Name-Last: Elsby Title: Creaming off commodity profits: Europe’s re-export boom and Africa’s earnings crisis in the coffee and cocoa sectors Abstract: This briefing uses historical export data and a combination of institutional sources to track how mark-ups on African coffee and cocoa exports have changed relative to European coffee and cocoa re-exports in recent decades. It finds that African coffee is now re-exported from Europe at an average mark-up of over 300%, compared to just over 50% in the 1970s and 1980s. These trends have prompted a crisis for producers, and reflect the growth, expansion and extended control over production of European agribusiness, which European governments have encouraged through the implementation of competition, corporate tax and regulatory policies favourable to agribusiness, in addition to the suppression of national and international initiatives to manage global supply. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 638-650 Issue: 166 Volume: 47 Year: 2020 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2020.1842186 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2020.1842186 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:47:y:2020:i:166:p:638-650 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eddy Akpomera Author-X-Name-First: Eddy Author-X-Name-Last: Akpomera Title: Africa’s Blue Economy: potentials and challenges for more locally beneficial development Abstract: Africa has massive potential for a vibrant ‘Blue Economy’: 70% of the countries in the continent have territorial coastlines and extensive kilometres of exclusive economic zones (EEZs) in the sea that are still largely untapped for economic development. This analysis on sub-Saharan Africa’s positioning in the new framework of the Blue Economy, as well as the defining bottlenecks of maritime insecurity and weak governance, finds that Africa’s coastal states lack financial and technological capacity to harvest ocean assets, and are plagued by the corrupt tendencies of the political elite. There is a need to deploy strategic use of the states’ advantageous maritime resources for more locally beneficial development. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 651-661 Issue: 166 Volume: 47 Year: 2020 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2020.1853517 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2020.1853517 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:47:y:2020:i:166:p:651-661 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Agaptus Nwozor Author-X-Name-First: Agaptus Author-X-Name-Last: Nwozor Author-Name: John Olanrewaju Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Olanrewaju Author-Name: Modupe Ake Author-X-Name-First: Modupe Author-X-Name-Last: Ake Author-Name: Onjefu Okidu Author-X-Name-First: Onjefu Author-X-Name-Last: Okidu Title: Oil and its discontents: the political economy of artisanal refining in Nigeria Abstract: This briefing examines the forces behind and some of the consequences of artisanal oil refining in Nigeria. Critical political economy is used to explore the asymmetrical power relations between the people, government and oil companies, drawing on new material to account for an unexplored dimension of the marginalisation of oil-bearing communities. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 662-675 Issue: 166 Volume: 47 Year: 2020 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2020.1835631 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2020.1835631 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:47:y:2020:i:166:p:662-675 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nelson Oppong Author-X-Name-First: Nelson Author-X-Name-Last: Oppong Title: Does political settlements analysis capture the unsettling politics of oil in Africa? Abstract: Analysis of political settlements has emerged from the shadows of new institutionalism and moved to the epicentre of political economy analysis across Africa. This debate takes on the framework by scrutinising its applicability to the politics of oil through the combined lens of critical political economy and contentious politics. It argues that contrary to the postulations of strategic elite bargains by political settlement researchers, Africa's oil landscape is marked by pluralistic politics and contestations at multiple scales. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 676-686 Issue: 166 Volume: 47 Year: 2020 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2020.1839404 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2020.1839404 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:47:y:2020:i:166:p:676-686 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ray Bush Author-X-Name-First: Ray Author-X-Name-Last: Bush Title: Contested extractivism, society and the state: struggles over mining and land Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 687-688 Issue: 166 Volume: 47 Year: 2020 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2020.1826194 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2020.1826194 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:47:y:2020:i:166:p:687-688 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ray Bush Author-X-Name-First: Ray Author-X-Name-Last: Bush Title: Globalised authoritarianism: megaprojects, slums, and class relations in urban Morocco Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 688-690 Issue: 166 Volume: 47 Year: 2020 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2020.1826198 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2020.1826198 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:47:y:2020:i:166:p:688-690 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Volume Index Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 691-695 Issue: 166 Volume: 47 Year: 2020 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2020.1863033 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2020.1863033 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:47:y:2020:i:166:p:691-695 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ingrid Harvold Kvangraven Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid Harvold Author-X-Name-Last: Kvangraven Author-Name: Maria Dyveke Styve Author-X-Name-First: Maria Dyveke Author-X-Name-Last: Styve Author-Name: Ushehwedu Kufakurinani Author-X-Name-First: Ushehwedu Author-X-Name-Last: Kufakurinani Title: Samir Amin and beyond: the enduring relevance of Amin’s approach to political economy Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 1-7 Issue: 167 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.1896262 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.1896262 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:167:p:1-7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jayati Ghosh Author-X-Name-First: Jayati Author-X-Name-Last: Ghosh Title: Interpreting contemporary imperialism: lessons from Samir Amin Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 8-14 Issue: 167 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.1895535 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.1895535 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:167:p:8-14 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fathimath Musthaq Author-X-Name-First: Fathimath Author-X-Name-Last: Musthaq Title: Dependency in a financialised global economy Abstract: Drawing on Samir Amin’s writings, this article proposes a contemporary form of dependency that manifests in the subordinate integration of developing countries into a financialised global economy. Using insights from the emergent financialisation literature, the article updates two themes in Amin’s work: imperialist rent and the role of the peripheral state in perpetuating dependency in the global economy. In contemporary capitalism, imperialist rent is not limited to labour arbitrage but also includes financial arbitrage, and the peripheral state, rather than retreating, now actively manages the financial sphere. The article advances an updated understanding of dependency in the context of financialisation. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 15-31 Issue: 167 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2020.1857234 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2020.1857234 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:167:p:15-31 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ndongo Samba Sylla Author-X-Name-First: Ndongo Samba Author-X-Name-Last: Sylla Title: Fighting monetary colonialism in francophone Africa: Samir Amin’s contribution Abstract: This article discusses Samir Amin’s intellectual and activist contribution to the political economy of decolonisation in sub-Saharan Africa. It focuses on his fight from 1969 to 1975 for the monetary sovereignty of West African countries using the CFA franc, a colonial currency that survived independence. Amin was an advisor to Niger’s President Hamani Diori alongside whom he fought to end monetary colonialism. As an alternative to the CFA franc, Amin recommended an ambitious economic integration for the West Africa region based on mutually supportive national currencies. Although his proposal would meet opposition from France, Senegal and Côte d’Ivoire, his economic case against the CFA franc is still relevant. With regard to the ongoing protests against the CFA franc, it is important to recall a major teaching from Amin: although monetary autonomy is necessary for economic development in peripheral countries, without a delinking strategy its effects will be limited. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 32-49 Issue: 167 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.1878123 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.1878123 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:167:p:32-49 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sabelo J. Ndlovu-Gatsheni Author-X-Name-First: Sabelo J. Author-X-Name-Last: Ndlovu-Gatsheni Title: Revisiting Marxism and decolonisation through the legacy of Samir Amin Abstract: Samir Amin’s legacy of deployment of Marxist science, dedication to pan-Africanism and commitment to revolutionary liberation of the global South from imperialism and capitalism is re-evaluated from an epistemological vantage point. This is necessary because Amin raised fundamental epistemological issues as he challenged the discipline of economics, built institutions which advanced alternative thinking, and consistently created concepts and theories from concrete situations in the global South in general and Africa in particular. Three main issues stand out. The first is how epistemology shaped modern patterns of domination and subordination within modern Euro–North American-centric internationalism. The second is how intersections of Marxism and decoloniality reinforce a robust critique of modern racial capitalism. The third is how the legacy of Amin enabled a synthesis of Marxism (democratic Marxism of the 21st century), pan-Africanism, and decolonisation (planetary decoloniality of the 21st century) to consistently challenge and oppose the dominant and current imperial/colonial/capitalist internationalism. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 50-65 Issue: 167 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.1881887 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.1881887 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:167:p:50-65 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Catherine Scott Author-X-Name-First: Catherine Author-X-Name-Last: Scott Title: The gender of dependency theory: women as workers, from neocolonialism in West Africa to the implosion of contemporary capitalism Abstract: Samir Amin’s large body of work affords an opportunity to trace the ways in which he analysed class and gender in the workings of neocolonialism in the aftermath of independence in West Africa and globalisation after the end of the Cold War. Using two key texts, Neo-colonialism in West Africa (1973) and The implosion of contemporary capitalism (2013), this paper traces the way women, gender and dependency theory in Amin’s theoretical framework operate to simultaneously suggest and then foreclose recognition of how gender analysis provides vital, independent perspectives on global inequality. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 66-81 Issue: 167 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.1882415 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.1882415 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:167:p:66-81 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Max Ajl Author-X-Name-First: Max Author-X-Name-Last: Ajl Title: The hidden legacy of Samir Amin: delinking’s ecological foundation Abstract: This paper considers the relationship between Samir Amin’s programme for delinking, smallholder agriculture, his theories of ecology, and the current of ecological dependency that developed out of North African dependency analysis. It argues that ecological forms of agriculture in fact underpinned the original case from which Amin derived delinking – the developmental model of Amin’s China. It goes on to show how collaborators and fellow travellers of Amin like Mohamed Dowidar, Fawzy Mansour and Slaheddine el-Amami advanced the case for smallholder-centred national development, and connects their investigations to Amin’s theoretical framework. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 82-101 Issue: 167 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2020.1837095 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2020.1837095 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:167:p:82-101 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Francisco Pérez Author-X-Name-First: Francisco Author-X-Name-Last: Pérez Title: East Asia has delinked – can Ethiopia delink too? Abstract: The possible emergence of a developmental state in Ethiopia has renewed the debate among African activists, scholars and policymakers over how to explain the remarkable success of the ‘East Asian model’. Rapid industrialisation in South Korea, Taiwan and China supposedly invalidates dependency theory, yet Samir Amin’s framework of delinking can better explain the success of these countries than can competing theories of the developmental state, since it highlights the role of international and domestic political alliances. Delinking means submitting international trade and financial relations to domestic priorities and is necessary for capitalist or socialist development. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 102-118 Issue: 167 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.1879769 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.1879769 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:167:p:102-118 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Francesco Macheda Author-X-Name-First: Francesco Author-X-Name-Last: Macheda Author-Name: Roberto Nadalini Author-X-Name-First: Roberto Author-X-Name-Last: Nadalini Title: Samir Amin in Beijing: delving into China’s delinking policy Abstract: According to the neoliberal narratives, opening up to the world system has deformed the structure of the Chinese economy, thereby passively serving the needs of the centre. In his works, Samir Amin offers the theoretical basis to demystify such narratives. However, he only cursorily analysed the specific policies through which China has achieved the goal of subordinating the domestic market to the logic of internal development. This article attempts to fill this gap by investigating the strategy adopted by the Chinese authorities, which allowed the country to integrate itself into global relations without abandoning its strategy of delinking from imperialism. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 119-141 Issue: 167 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2020.1837094 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2020.1837094 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:167:p:119-141 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Annamária Artner Author-X-Name-First: Annamária Author-X-Name-Last: Artner Title: Samir Amin and Eastern Europe Abstract: This debate discusses four aspects of Samir Amin’s thoughts regarding Eastern Europe: Amin’s overall evaluation of the Soviet bloc; the relevance of his concepts on the centrality of the periphery; the ‘long transition to socialism’; and the role of nationalism and Eurocentrism in Eastern Europe. The author concludes that Eastern Europe does not fit into the historical role of the periphery as understood by Amin, and that the Eurocentric nationalism of the region serves to promote global capitalism instead of helping to further the anti-capitalist struggle. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 142-152 Issue: 167 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.1881769 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.1881769 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:167:p:142-152 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christoph Vogel Author-X-Name-First: Christoph Author-X-Name-Last: Vogel Title: The politics of incontournables: entrenching patronage networks in eastern Congo’s mineral markets Abstract: Years after the formal end of two devastating wars, the Congo’s eastern Kivu provinces meander in a limbo of contested politics, deep-seated insecurity and armed mobilisation. Through the prism of the artisanal mining sector, which is currently undergoing significant regulatory transformation, this article studies the convoluted networks of political and economic order that underpin (in)security. Investigating the links between violence, reform and patronage, it asks how powerbrokers adapt to changing logics of conflict and resource extraction amid transnational reform that aims at ‘conflict-free’ mineral sourcing. Revisiting the notion of patronage, the article argues that political and economic order are socio-spatially entwined and demonstrates how a certain type of stakeholder – known collectively as incontournables – commands multiple loyalties across entangled networks of mineral exploitation and trade that extend far into the political, economic and military spheres of authority. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 178-195 Issue: 168 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.1886070 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.1886070 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:168:p:178-195 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Graeme Young Author-X-Name-First: Graeme Author-X-Name-Last: Young Title: Development, division and discontent in informal markets: insights from Kampala Abstract: This article explores the recent history of Owino Market in Kampala, Uganda, to analyse the constraints to agency that exist in the informal economy. Detailing conflicts over market management and development in Owino, it argues that agency in the informal economy must be understood in reference to the economic divisions that exist within the informal sphere and the political divisions that characterise urban governance. The interaction of the two, as Owino illustrates, can severely circumscribe the ability of informal vendors to act in ways that allow them to participate in urban development. In this case, ongoing efforts by the ruling party and executive to monopolise power in Kampala solidified and politicised internal market hierarchies defined by vending location and ownership and employment status, leading to conflicts that threatened the majority of vendors’ livelihoods and the viability of their economic activities. For many in the informal economy, these structural constraints to agency may be impossible to overcome. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 196-216 Issue: 168 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2020.1841620 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2020.1841620 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:168:p:196-216 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hesham Shafick Author-X-Name-First: Hesham Author-X-Name-Last: Shafick Title: Financialisation of politics: the political economy of Egypt’s counterrevolution Abstract: Recent contentious events in Egypt have invited debates over the resilience/fragility of the Egyptian regime. While the ‘regime resilience’ thesis remains the most persistent, the fall of Mubarak’s regime so easily in 2011 gave rise to theories tending towards the other extreme of ‘regime fragility’, with the return of authoritarian rule in 2013 bringing the issue of resilience back to the fore. This article reviews two recent monographs that transform this binary deadlock, Sara Salem’s Anticolonial afterlives in Egypt and Amy Austin Holmes’ Coups and revolutions. These works argue that the authoritarian regime of contemporary Egypt is simultaneously fragile and resilient since it relies on financial rather than political networks to consolidate its power. The lack of a political base renders the regime fragile, while the financial networks that it serves sustain its resilience. Viewed from this perspective, the revolution of 2011 and the coup of 2013 are reconceived as manifestations of the same financial politics that constituted the historical bloc. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 305-313 Issue: 168 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.1862557 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.1862557 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:168:p:305-313 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elizabeth le Roux Author-X-Name-First: Elizabeth Author-X-Name-Last: le Roux Title: The myth of the ‘book famine’ in African publishing Abstract: The publishing industry in Africa is usually described in terms of ‘booklessness’, ‘hunger’ or ‘famine’. But does this language of scarcity reflect the realities of book production and consumption? In this paper, the concept of ‘book famine’ is analysed as a central frame of discourse on African books, using a survey of existing documentation. Two ways of responding to book famine – provision and production – are identified, and the shortcomings of book aid (provision) are contrasted with strengthening local publishing industries (production). It is argued that the concept has become a cliché that is no longer relevant and that African publishing, while variable, is responding to local needs. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 257-275 Issue: 168 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2020.1792872 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2020.1792872 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:168:p:257-275 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luc Reydams Author-X-Name-First: Luc Author-X-Name-Last: Reydams Title: ‘More than a million’: the politics of accounting for the dead of the Rwandan genocide Abstract: Accounting for the dead after a humanitarian catastrophe is often fraught with methodological and/or political pitfalls. The genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda is a case in point. A UN Commission of Experts estimated that between April and July 1994 at least 500,000 civilians had been murdered. The post-genocide Rwandan government soon made clear that foreign help with demographic and forensic investigations was neither appreciated nor needed, and proceeded with its own counts of genocide victims. The article critically examines these counts; contrasts them with accounting efforts after the Bosnian conflict of the mid 1990s; compares the official Rwandan numbers with scholarly estimates; proposes an alternative method for calculating the death toll; and concludes that the official death toll roughly doubled the number of genocide victims. The article provides insight into how history is written in the new Rwanda. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 235-256 Issue: 168 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2020.1796320 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2020.1796320 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:168:p:235-256 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Edmore Mwandiringana Author-X-Name-First: Edmore Author-X-Name-Last: Mwandiringana Author-Name: Jingzhong Ye Author-X-Name-First: Jingzhong Author-X-Name-Last: Ye Title: Battle for legitimacy: revisiting autochthony and (re)invented authority in Zimbabwe’s resettlement areas Abstract: This study examines the intersection of autochthony and (re)invented claims of authority in Zimbabwe’s resettlement areas, exploring how traditional leaders and war veterans battle for legitimacy in the resettlement areas. It argues that despite the general view that chiefs are recognised by everyone in the rural areas, their legitimacy is being challenged and in some cases with the use of violence. Although chiefs are recognised as the legitimate leaders in some resettlement areas, this study shows that their authority is being challenged in Insiza District’s resettlement area, covering Mpalawani, Gwamanyanga, Mpopoti and Lambamayi. The study also highlights how different people define autochthony, tradition and belonging in Zimbabwe’s resettled areas. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 217-234 Issue: 168 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.1932788 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.1932788 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:168:p:217-234 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ivan Ashaba Author-X-Name-First: Ivan Author-X-Name-Last: Ashaba Title: Historical roots of militarised conservation: the case of Uganda Abstract: This briefing engages the militarised conservation literature. Three factors key to understanding present militarised conservation in Uganda are discussed: colonial legacies, the country’s post-colonial history of war and conflict, and the current militarisation under the Museveni government as exemplified in the military collaboration between the Uganda Wildlife Authority and the Uganda Peoples' Defence Forces. It argues that the debate about militarised conservation in today’s Uganda has to be situated within the widening mandate of the military institution under the Museveni government, which came to power through the military path and then gradually militarised significant sections of society more broadly. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 276-288 Issue: 168 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2020.1828052 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2020.1828052 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:168:p:276-288 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alex Callinicos Author-X-Name-First: Alex Author-X-Name-Last: Callinicos Title: Class, work and whiteness: race and settler colonialism in Southern Rhodesia, 1919–79 Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 315-320 Issue: 168 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2020.1856506 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2020.1856506 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:168:p:315-320 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Justin Theodra Author-X-Name-First: Justin Author-X-Name-Last: Theodra Title: Wrestling with the devil: a prison memoir Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 314-315 Issue: 168 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.1860344 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.1860344 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:168:p:314-315 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ben Radley Author-X-Name-First: Ben Author-X-Name-Last: Radley Author-Name: Sara Geenen Author-X-Name-First: Sara Author-X-Name-Last: Geenen Title: Struggles over value: corporate–state suppression of locally led mining mechanisation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Abstract: The analytical framework deployed by the extensive global value chain (GVC) literature on African mining fails to consider how and from whom value is transferred within the process of establishing foreign corporate-led mining GVCs, and with what consequences. The authors explore these questions through a case study of the gold value chain in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In this context, they argue that a coalition between transnational capital and the Congolese state has marginalised and held back locally led processes of capital accumulation and mining mechanisation. Based on the findings, the developmental potential of domestically embedded networks of African production is highlighted. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 161-177 Issue: 168 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2020.1865902 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2020.1865902 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:168:p:161-177 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leo Zeilig Author-X-Name-First: Leo Author-X-Name-Last: Zeilig Title: Connecting people and voices for radical change in Africa Abstract: In this new section of the journal, we aim to give readers of the print journal a picture of what’s been published on Roape.net over the last few months, and invite you to connect and follow the articles, blogposts, authors and debates online. Details of all the blogposts referred to here are in the reference list at the end. We warmly invite all our readers to sign up to the Roape.net newsletter by entering their email address at the top of the home page of the website. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 321-323 Issue: 168 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.1934327 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.1934327 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:168:p:321-323 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bettina Engels Author-X-Name-First: Bettina Author-X-Name-Last: Engels Title: Extractivism, informal work and strategies for political-economic transformation Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 153-160 Issue: 168 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.1936975 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.1936975 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:168:p:153-160 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nataliya Mykhalchenko Author-X-Name-First: Nataliya Author-X-Name-Last: Mykhalchenko Author-Name: Jörg Wiegratz Author-X-Name-First: Jörg Author-X-Name-Last: Wiegratz Title: Anti-fraud measures in Eastern Africa Abstract: This briefing explores anti-fraud measures (AFMs) in Eastern Africa (Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Madagascar). The second of a three-part briefing series, it complements previous accounts of AFMs in southern Africa and confirms key AFM features that the authors previously identified concerning typical actors and their alliances, major sectors, fraud types and measures against fraud. The evidence suggests an expansion of anti-fraud agencies and initiatives, collecting and sharing more data within and across borders; of official governance of financial and product flows; and of efforts by AFM actors to enable the detection of genuine products, with related controversies among actors with divergent views and interests. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 289-304 Issue: 168 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2020.1866524 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2020.1866524 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:168:p:289-304 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Samuel A. Asua Author-X-Name-First: Samuel A. Author-X-Name-Last: Asua Author-Name: Michael I. Ugwueze Author-X-Name-First: Michael I. Author-X-Name-Last: Ugwueze Author-Name: Vincent C. Onah Author-X-Name-First: Vincent C. Author-X-Name-Last: Onah Title: Piracy in the Gulf of Guinea: a threat to the means of livelihood of artisanal fishers in South South region, Nigeria Abstract: The rising spate of piracy in the Gulf of Guinea, targeting artisanal fishery, is a huge concern regarding security and economy. Relying to a major extent on qualitative primary data, this briefing explores the economic effects of piracy by providing empirical evidence of how the piracy attacks in the Gulf of Guinea contribute to the increasing food security crisis among the coastline population in the South South region, Nigeria. It argues that the increasing piracy on artisanal fishery is a manifest sign of state fragility in the country. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 452-461 Issue: 169 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.1931831 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.1931831 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:169:p:452-461 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Felix Mantz Author-X-Name-First: Felix Author-X-Name-Last: Mantz Title: Bendix and Ndlovu-Gatsheni in dialogue: conceptualising the (de)colonial, knowledge and development Abstract: Today we are witnessing an intensification of colonial and imperial projects in Africa which require analyses and frameworks that can support the advancement of anti-colonial struggles for liberation and decolonisation. This review article brings Sabelo Ndlovu-Gatsheni’s Decolonization, development and knowledge in Africa: turning over a new leaf and Daniel Bendix’s Global development and colonial power: German development policy at home and abroad into conversation. Both books engage with the ‘colonial question’ in Africa through contrasting research strategies and standpoints. Reading them together and drawing attention to their overlaps and divergences allows us to reflect on the diverse ways of analysing the colonial in Africa, and how to conceptualise the relationship between development and decolonisation. This article enters into dialogue with the authors by focusing on the relationship between knowledge, memory and education in the context of decolonisation and on the imperative to (re)centre and revitalise non-Western knowledges. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 473-484 Issue: 169 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.1934323 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.1934323 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:169:p:473-484 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael Kebede Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Kebede Title: Ethiopia in theory: revolution and knowledge production, 1964–2016 Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 485-487 Issue: 169 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.1905363 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.1905363 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:169:p:485-487 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leo Zeilig Author-X-Name-First: Leo Author-X-Name-Last: Zeilig Title: Connecting people and voices for radical change in Africa Abstract: In this section of the journal, we aim to give readers of the print journal a picture of what has been published on Roape.net over the last few months, and invite you to connect and follow the articles, blogposts, authors and debates online. Details of all the blogposts referred to here are in the reference list at the end. We warmly invite all our readers to sign up to the Roape.net newsletter by entering their email address at the top of the home page of the website. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 493-496 Issue: 169 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.1969124 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.1969124 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:169:p:493-496 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gabriel Ozekhome Igechi Author-X-Name-First: Gabriel Ozekhome Author-X-Name-Last: Igechi Title: Should Nigeria join the European Union’s Economic Partnership Agreement with the other ECOWAS states? Abstract: This debate piece explores the possible consequences for Nigeria in the event that she signs up to the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) between the European Union (EU) and the other Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) member states. It argues that in a global firmament driven by economic conflict, the struggle for resources and realist economic nationalism – and with cut-throat competition as the norm in international political economy – it will amount to folly for the nation to embrace a partnership whose ramifications are at best murky. The author thus questions whether the EPA signed by ECOWAS with the EU will be favourable to the Nigerian people. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 462-472 Issue: 169 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.1902797 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.1902797 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:169:p:462-472 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ernest Toochi Aniche Author-X-Name-First: Ernest Toochi Author-X-Name-Last: Aniche Author-Name: Victor Chidubem Iwuoha Author-X-Name-First: Victor Chidubem Author-X-Name-Last: Iwuoha Author-Name: Kelechukwu Charles Obi Author-X-Name-First: Kelechukwu Charles Author-X-Name-Last: Obi Title: Covid-19 containment policies in Nigeria: the role of conflictual federal–state relations in the fight against the pandemic Abstract: This briefing explores how the administrative fight against Covid-19 in Nigeria, particularly the conflictual political economy of federalism in this mono-product/oil-dependent economy, has shaped the making and implementation of virus containment policies and strategies. The analysis shows that the disconnects between the federal and state governments have blocked a harmonised and coordinated containment response. Instead, the measures to manage the pandemic have worsened the already highly conflictual – as well as dependent and centripetal – intergovernmental fiscal relations between federal and state governments, and among state governments. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 442-451 Issue: 169 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.1931830 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.1931830 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:169:p:442-451 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Melusi Nkomo Author-X-Name-First: Melusi Author-X-Name-Last: Nkomo Title: Zimbabwe’s migrants and South Africa’s border farms: the roots of impermanence Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 488-490 Issue: 169 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.1925488 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.1925488 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:169:p:488-490 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Lawrence Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Lawrence Title: Capitalism, resources and inequality in a climate emergency Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 325-330 Issue: 169 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.2012337 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.2012337 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:169:p:325-330 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ricardo Reboredo Author-X-Name-First: Ricardo Author-X-Name-Last: Reboredo Title: Rebuilding hegemony: passive revolution, state transformation and South Africa’s steel sector Abstract: This paper draws on Gramscian concepts to analyse the ongoing transformation of the South African state. In particular, it conceptualises the Jacob Zuma administration’s attempt to establish a developmental state as an ongoing passive revolution. The paper argues that the implementation of the developmental state framework has transformed the role and character of the state apparatus. Three major transformations are detailed: a shift towards what ostensibly appears to be state capitalism; the increased leveraging/privileging of inbound global South-based capital; and the construction of novel intra-state alliances. The theoretical insights are then grounded through an examination of South Africa’s steel sector. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 352-368 Issue: 169 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.1937091 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.1937091 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:169:p:352-368 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Franziska Müller Author-X-Name-First: Franziska Author-X-Name-Last: Müller Author-Name: Simone Claar Author-X-Name-First: Simone Author-X-Name-Last: Claar Title: Auctioning a ‘just energy transition’? South Africa’s renewable energy procurement programme and its implications for transition strategies Abstract: Clean energy is going transnational. Following the COP21 UN Climate Change Conference in December 2015, a roll-out of clean energy schemes in the global South is fostering a global energy transition. One such case is South Africa, where a policy innovation – the Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme (REIPPPP) – was introduced in 2011. While REIPPPP seems to be a success story in terms of renewable energy capacity, it is unclear how the instrument is shaping the overall course of South Africa’s green transformation regarding the influence of transnational actors, participation in local ownership, and socio-economic benefits. Based on expert interviews and empirical process tracing of the renewable energy projects during the five bidding rounds of REIPPPP (2011–2016), the article analyses the design and effects of REIPPPP and discusses its implications for transition strategies, such as a ‘just transition’. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 333-351 Issue: 169 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.1932790 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.1932790 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:169:p:333-351 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nicoli Nattrass Author-X-Name-First: Nicoli Author-X-Name-Last: Nattrass Author-Name: Jeremy Seekings Author-X-Name-First: Jeremy Author-X-Name-Last: Seekings Title: Cooperatives and the reorganisation of labour-intensive production in South Africa’s clothing industry Abstract: Wage regulation in South Africa’s clothing industry has pushed low-wage producers to restructure themselves as partnerships between former employers, now intermediaries, and worker cooperatives. The proliferation of employer-initiated cooperatives in the clothing sector reflects and poses challenges to South Africa’s system of industrial-level bargaining, to unionisation, and to the government’s unevenly implemented strategy of using minimum wages to force enterprises to ‘upgrade’ and become less labour intensive. Through circumventing wage regulation and institutionalising a less adversarial approach to the management of labour, worker cooperatives represent a model for low-wage labour-intensive manufacturing that disrupts government rhetoric and policymaking. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 403-419 Issue: 169 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.1952562 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.1952562 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:169:p:403-419 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Abdul-Salam Ibrahim Author-X-Name-First: Abdul-Salam Author-X-Name-Last: Ibrahim Title: The transnational land rush in Africa: a decade after the spike Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 490-492 Issue: 169 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.1953298 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.1953298 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:169:p:490-492 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nomtha Gray Author-X-Name-First: Nomtha Author-X-Name-Last: Gray Title: When anti-corruption fails: the dynamics of procurement in contemporary South Africa Abstract: Recent investigations into the phenomenon of state capture in South Africa have identified procurement as a central mechanism of rent generation for key actors. This article examines some of the ways in which anti-corruption measures failed, and argues that it will not be resolved by implementing more robust policies. Policies already conform to world-class standards, yet the way in which procurement is practised should be addressed more urgently. Practices that are reminiscent of apartheid-era levels of compliance have made it a function that prioritises ‘following orders’ above policy compliance, which undermines procurement’s ability to contribute to organisational effectiveness. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 369-384 Issue: 169 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.1932789 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.1932789 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:169:p:369-384 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jannik Schritt Author-X-Name-First: Jannik Author-X-Name-Last: Schritt Title: Janus-faced presidents: extroverted and introverted politics in oil-age Niger Abstract: This article analyses political speeches and practices of three Nigerien presidents between 2008 and 2011. It argues that politics in Niger are characterised by a logic of code-switching between an extroverted rhetoric to gain access to international aid, and an introverted rhetoric that critiques this very international system. This analysis makes a case for studies of African states that do not completely adhere to a perspective of either neocolonial dependency or neopatrimonialism. Rather, as leaders of a Janus-faced state, Nigerien presidents walk a tightrope to manoeuvre between external and internal demands in order to acquire resources and legitimacy in both spheres. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 420-441 Issue: 169 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.1949701 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.1949701 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:169:p:420-441 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Ruth First Prize Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 331-332 Issue: 169 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.1969121 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.1969121 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:169:p:331-332 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Julian Brown Author-X-Name-First: Julian Author-X-Name-Last: Brown Title: Staking a claim: law, inequality and the city in South Africa Abstract: The adoption of socio-economic rights in the post-apartheid constitution has given activists new tools to influence the development of economic policy. This article examines how – in the context of inequality and deprivation – urban communities, the residents of informal settlements, and civil society litigants have used these tools to reshape post-apartheid urban housing policy ‘from below’. It argues that this model of action provides a powerful example of popular work to combat widening inequality in the present conjuncture, operating to remake neoliberal state policy in a way that better responds to the experiences and needs of South Africa’s urban poor. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 385-402 Issue: 169 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.1940123 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.1940123 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:169:p:385-402 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Philani Moyo Author-X-Name-First: Philani Author-X-Name-Last: Moyo Title: Contested compensation: the politics, economics and legal nuances of compensating white former commercial farmers in Zimbabwe Abstract: In July 2020, the government of Zimbabwe and white former commercial farmers signed a Global Compensation Deed agreement of US$3.5 billion. Under this deal, and in line with Section 295 (3) of the constitution, white former farmers are ‘entitled to compensation from the State only for improvements that were on the land when it was acquired’. This article questions the political, financial and legal rationale of this agreement. First, it argues that the compensation deal is ultra vires since there is no enabling act of parliament to support it as required by the constitution. Consequently, this deal is tenuous and insidious. Second, Zimbabwe’s economic implosion and colossal foreign debt will make it difficult for international financial institutions to extend credit lines. Third, this deal reverses some land reform outcomes, thus raising political tensions. Fourth, these political tensions are swelling into resistance against the deal by war veterans and the opposition. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 630-645 Issue: 170 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.1990033 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.1990033 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:170:p:630-645 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leo Zeilig Author-X-Name-First: Leo Author-X-Name-Last: Zeilig Title: Connecting people and voices for radical change in Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 674-676 Issue: 170 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.2027635 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.2027635 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:170:p:674-676 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Volume Index Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 677-681 Issue: 170 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.2037334 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.2037334 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:170:p:677-681 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Okorie Albert Author-X-Name-First: Okorie Author-X-Name-Last: Albert Author-Name: Ifeanyichukwu Abada Author-X-Name-First: Ifeanyichukwu Author-X-Name-Last: Abada Author-Name: Raymond Adibe Author-X-Name-First: Raymond Author-X-Name-Last: Adibe Title: Crony capitalism in Nigeria: the case of patronage funding of the Peoples Democratic Party and the power sector reform, 1999–2015 Abstract: The article argues that cronyism in the funding of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) explains the dismal record of the recent power sector reforms in Nigeria. It implies that the reforms were packaged by the then PDP-led government to benefit their major campaign financiers with contracts; thus, within this period the party financiers were able to assume a commanding position in the sector. The article further contends that the funding regime in the party reinforces corruption as financiers leveraged on their contributions to the party to ensure that the reform processes and outcomes reflected their economic interests. The case exemplifies the crony relationship between the business and the political class (that ought to act as the regulatory body), which is skewed towards primitive accumulation. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 581-608 Issue: 170 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.1958309 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.1958309 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:170:p:581-608 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Victor Chidubem Iwuoha Author-X-Name-First: Victor Chidubem Author-X-Name-Last: Iwuoha Title: Rethinking the ‘patron–client’ politics of oil block allocation, development and remittances in Nigeria Abstract: This research adopts qualitative method and patron–client analysis to underscore the political economy of oil block allocation, development and receipts/remittances in Nigeria. It contests Wilson’s (1961) and Scott’s (1972) claims on the superiority of the patron over clients, and argues that ‘clients’ in Nigeria (indigenous oil block awardees) maintain some degree of control over the patron (ruling elite), enjoy more economic returns/oil rents, and possess some leverage over the patrons’ decision-making power. The ruling elite’s personalisation of oil block allocation/rents results in poor development of the upstream oil sector by ‘clients’, defaults in oil remittances and a consistent decline in oil production. The author recommends that the bidding process for oil block allocation be carried out in a more transparent and competitive manner. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 552-580 Issue: 170 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.1998768 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.1998768 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:170:p:552-580 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Njuki Githethwa Author-X-Name-First: Njuki Author-X-Name-Last: Githethwa Title: Political protest in contemporary Kenya: change and continuities Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 670-673 Issue: 170 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.1969131 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.1969131 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:170:p:670-673 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Camille Reyniers Author-X-Name-First: Camille Author-X-Name-Last: Reyniers Title: Reducing deforestation and forest degradation in Democratic Republic of Congo: market-based conservation in a context of limited statehood Abstract: Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) is an international mechanism linked to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. It has been described in the field of political ecology as the panacea of neoliberal nature conservation policies, in particular though the decreasing role of the state in the definition and implementation of forest policies in favour of market-based-mechanisms and non-governmental actors. The article explores the links between the privatisation of forest conservation and national sovereignty in the context of limited statehood through a case study in the Mai Ndombe province of the Democratic Republic of Congo. It proposes an original approach combining African political anthropology with Franz Neumann's political economy analyses of the power of authoritarian states. It argues that this model of forest conservation uses carbon accounting and results-based payment, which privileges private actors for the design and implementation of REDD+ activities; it also paradoxically strengthens Congelese state legitimacy. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 509-528 Issue: 170 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.1997733 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.1997733 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:170:p:509-528 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Filip Reyntjens Author-X-Name-First: Filip Author-X-Name-Last: Reyntjens Title: The path to genocide in Rwanda: security, opportunity, and authority in an ethnocratic state Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 667-668 Issue: 170 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.1969132 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.1969132 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:170:p:667-668 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kristina Pikovskaia Author-X-Name-First: Kristina Author-X-Name-Last: Pikovskaia Title: Seeking social justice in crisis: socio-economic rights and citizenship in post-2000 Zimbabwe Abstract: The manifestations of the post-2000 economic crisis in Zimbabwe have long been a research subject for scholars who study issues of social justice in Zimbabwe. This article reviews three recent books written on the topic: Simukai Chigudu’s The political life of an epidemic: cholera, crisis and citizenship in Zimbabwe, Davison Muchadenyika’s Seeking urban transformation: alternative urban futures in Zimbabwe, and Building from the rubble: the labour movement in Zimbabwe since 2000, edited by Lloyd Sachikonye, Brian Raftopoulos and Godfrey Kanyenze. Although these works focus on different issues – a healthcare emergency, an urban housing crisis, and the labour movement’s decline, several themes cut across all of them: the economic and political crises, urban politics, experiences of citizenship, and social injustice. Addressing different socio-economic and political processes that emerged due to the crisis, the authors come to a common and important conclusion that despite the rigid political system and persisting social injustice, substantive and substantial changes in Zimbabwe may be achieved through grassroots social mobilisation and collective action. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 656-666 Issue: 170 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.2001228 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.2001228 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:170:p:656-666 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joshua Lew McDermott Author-X-Name-First: Joshua Lew Author-X-Name-Last: McDermott Title: Understanding West Africa’s informal workers as working class Abstract: Informal workers in Africa are very often portrayed as primarily self-employed entrepreneurs and unemployed individuals largely excluded from capitalism, and thus insulated from class analysis and class dynamics. Drawing on a case study of informal workers in Sierra Leone, the article challenges this dominant understanding, arguing that informal workers experience the reality of class relations and that their material lives are shaped by, and help to shape, broader dynamics of capital accumulation. The research applies a holistic class analysis rooted in Marxist and feminist thought, arguing for an understanding of informal workers, including even small-scale ‘self-employed’ individuals, as workers exploited by, and opposed to the interests of, capital. In so doing, it challenges the simple understandings of working class as existing only and exclusively through formalised wage work, in favour of a more complex and inductive understanding of the reality of global capitalism, highlighting the relevance of class, value and exploitation to the lived reality of informal workers in Africa. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 609-629 Issue: 170 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.1967734 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.1967734 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:170:p:609-629 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Japhace Poncian Author-X-Name-First: Japhace Author-X-Name-Last: Poncian Title: Resource nationalism and community engagement in extractive resource governance: insights from Tanzania Abstract: Resource nationalism has dominated resource governance politics across Africa. Resource-rich states have sought to both relegitimise extraction and secure more economic benefits. However, there is a paucity of studies on the consequences of resource nationalism for community participation in resource-governance and decision-making processes. Drawing on three cases of community resistance and negotiation in three different eras, this paper compares two waves of resource nationalism, i.e. the second and third waves, to show whether and how resource nationalism promotes community participation. While presenting itself as pro-participatory governance, resource nationalism reproduces structural constraints on meaningful community engagement in extractive resource governance. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 529-551 Issue: 170 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.1953975 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.1953975 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:170:p:529-551 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mike Chipere Author-X-Name-First: Mike Author-X-Name-Last: Chipere Title: The exclusionary politics of digital financial inclusion: mobile money, gendered walls Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 668-670 Issue: 170 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.1972580 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.1972580 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:170:p:668-670 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reginald Cline-Cole Author-X-Name-First: Reginald Author-X-Name-Last: Cline-Cole Author-Name: Peter Lawrence Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Lawrence Title: Extractive capitalism and hard and soft power in the age of Black Lives Matter Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 497-508 Issue: 170 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.2035536 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.2035536 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:170:p:497-508 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Matthew Evans Author-X-Name-First: Matthew Author-X-Name-Last: Evans Title: Land and the limits of liberal legalism: property, transitional justice and non-reformist reforms in post-apartheid South Africa Abstract: Critical scholarship on transitional justice, in Africa and globally, has drawn attention both to limits of liberalism and legalism (such as inattention to structural injustices) and to normatively more expansive – transformative, and even revolutionary – approaches to justice. Focusing particularly on South Africa, this debate piece considers the roles of liberal property relations and conceptions of the rule of law in producing and maintaining injustices related to land and property in (post-)transitional societies in Africa and beyond. Moreover, the extent to which transitional justice might contribute to revolutionary aspirations of overcoming capitalist social and economic relations (as espoused, at least rhetorically, by liberation movements throughout Africa) is considered. It is suggested that while this is unlikely, non-reformist reforms offer one avenue by which more expansive (transformative or revolutionary) goals might be pursued, in part, in and through transitional justice. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 646-655 Issue: 170 Volume: 48 Year: 2021 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.1987209 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.1987209 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:48:y:2021:i:170:p:646-655 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Portia Roelofs Author-X-Name-First: Portia Author-X-Name-Last: Roelofs Title: The death of political possibility? Reading State and society in Nigeria 40 years on Abstract: In this 2019 reboot of his collection of essays from the 1970s, Gavin Williams traces the lingering the impact of colonialism and international capital on Nigeria’s political economy, the shaky development of an indigenous industrial class and the changing role of the state in national development. However, reading the book, it is not clear what such an analysis is for. Is it intended as a diagnosis? An indictment? Williams leftist commitments are clear, but amid the painstaking analysis one can ask: what is the point of studying politics? In this review article the author unpicks Williams’ at times contradictory answers to this question and argues that the book demonstrates the relevance of mid twentieth-century Nigerian politics to readers today. She poses the question of how we can navigate the possibility and risks of newly volatile twenty-first-century politics, unchained as it is from the liberal orthodoxy of the past 40 years. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 184-191 Issue: 171 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2022.2033521 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2022.2033521 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:171:p:184-191 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Natacha Bruna Author-X-Name-First: Natacha Author-X-Name-Last: Bruna Title: Green extractivism and financialisation in Mozambique: the case of Gilé National Reserve Abstract: With the global environmental crisis intensifying, capitalism has extended the reach of financialisation through the creation of new financial assets that rely on further commodification of nature. Using the case of a national reserve in Mozambique, the paper examines the emergence of green extractivism as a consequence of deepening financialisation, an extractivism which is building on pre-existing relations of unequal and asymmetric exchange between industrialised and extractive economies. The article focuses on the linkages between financialisation and extractivism and nature-based financial mechanisms, whose operationalisation impacts on rural social reproduction. It is argued that the emergence of green extractivism, supported by green funds and loans, is intensifying the extractive character of the Mozambican economy. The case study shows, that with the support of philanthrocapitalism, the process of financialisation led by mature economies supports the appropriation of nature through green extractivist programmes in the periphery, with adverse implications for development and for rural subsistence. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 138-160 Issue: 171 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2022.2049129 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2022.2049129 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:171:p:138-160 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tim Zajontz Author-X-Name-First: Tim Author-X-Name-Last: Zajontz Title: Debt, distress, dispossession: towards a critical political economy of Africa’s financial dependency Abstract: With China's rise to become Africa's largest bilateral creditor, much research has focused on an evidence-based critique of the politicised narrative about China's supposed ‘debt trap diplomacy'. At a more fundamental level, this debate problematises the function of debt and related power differentials in late capitalism and calls into question development paradigms, notably the hegemonic infrastructure-led development regime, that have sustained Africa's financial dependency into the 2020s. As the International Monetary Fund is yet again shuttling between Addis Ababa, Lusaka, and Nairobi to resurrect fiscal discipline and to ensure debtor compliance for the post-pandemic ‘payback period', it is argued that (i) periodic cycles of debt financing, debt distress and structural adjustment are a systemic feature of the malintegration of Africa into the global capitalist economy, and (ii) critical research on the social costs and economic beneficiaries of renewed rounds of austerity and privatisation in Africa’s current debt cycle is needed. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 173-183 Issue: 171 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.1950669 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.1950669 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:171:p:173-183 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carlos Nuno Castel-Branco Author-X-Name-First: Carlos Nuno Author-X-Name-Last: Castel-Branco Author-Name: Diogo Maia Author-X-Name-First: Diogo Author-X-Name-Last: Maia Title: Financialisation, narrow specialisation of production and capital accumulation in Mozambique Abstract: The article argues that the historical conditions under which national capitalism developed in post-independence Mozambique pushed the economy towards growing financialisation and narrower specialisation of production around increasingly basic and simple activities. In post-independence Mozambique, national capitalism rose from the ashes of state-centred accumulation built around the dominant social structures of production inherited from colonialism, under the impulse of neoliberal economic reforms and heavy dependency on inflows of private international finance. The speculative dynamics of accumulation prevented diversification and more complex industrialisation which, in turn, reinforced the role of financialisation as a means to and form of accumulation of capital. The paper argues that changing these dynamics of accumulation requires conscious industrial strategies focused on diversification and articulation of production, which cannot be achieved without challenging the extractive mode of accumulation and the power relationships associated with it. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 46-66 Issue: 171 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2022.2049143 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2022.2049143 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:171:p:46-66 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leo Zeilig Author-X-Name-First: Leo Author-X-Name-Last: Zeilig Title: Connecting people and voices for radical change in Africa Abstract: In this section of the journal, we aim to give readers of the print journal a picture of what has been published on Roape.net over the last few months, and invite you to connect and follow the articles, blogposts, authors and debates online. Details of all the blogposts referred to here are in the reference list at the end. We warmly invite all our readers to sign up to the Roape.net newsletter by entering their email address at the top of the home page of the website. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 197-199 Issue: 171 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2022.2047304 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2022.2047304 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:171:p:197-199 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carlos Nuno Castel-Branco Author-X-Name-First: Carlos Nuno Author-X-Name-Last: Castel-Branco Title: The historical logic of the mode of capital accumulation in Mozambique Abstract: This article critically analyses the political economy dynamics and trajectory of the mode of capital accumulation in post-independence Mozambique, focusing on the capitalist restructuring that followed the adoption of the Washington Consensus from the late 1980s. The article highlights the main structural characteristics, dynamics and tensions in the economy, the relationships and conflicts that explain why they reproduce and expand, what makes them change and the nature of the crises that emerge. The historical logic of the mode of capital accumulation is explored focusing on the historically built and class-structured conditions of capital accumulation, highlighting linkagency, which is the dynamic relationship between agents and linkages. The historically specific traits of the mode of accumulation in Mozambique are derived from the structures of accumulation and class struggle conditions, both domestic and international. The argument is that the recent trajectory of the Mozambican economy was not inevitable, and that it can be logically understood and derived from the existing historical conditions of accumulation. Understanding this historical logic enables us to articulate socially transformative actions which are drawn from the objective and concrete analysis of the mode of accumulation and its contradictions, countering idealistic perspectives in political economy. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 11-45 Issue: 171 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2022.2040225 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2022.2040225 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:171:p:11-45 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ana Sofia Ganho Author-X-Name-First: Ana Sofia Author-X-Name-Last: Ganho Title: Class, politics and dynamic accumulation processes around the Sino-Mozambican rice project in the lower Limpopo, 2005–2014 Abstract: This study levels an international political economy lens at the development of the Sino-Mozambican rice project in the lower Limpopo, by examining how class relations shaped and were shaped by global trends, Chinese resources and Mozambican dynamic accumulation interests. The Sino-Mozambican rice project (2005–2014) is analysed as three projects benefiting different groups, with a focus on producer selection and allocation of means of production, in dialogue with the historical dynamics of agrarian accumulation and the political economy of Mozambique. The paper argues that the project has served the expansionist interests of the ruling capitalist group associated with central government circles, limiting land-based possibilities at province level. In addition, the plan to locally transform small producers into rural capitalists through ‘modern’ Chinese methods has failed to confront the historical interdependence of the commercial and so-called family sectors and the diversity of livelihood sources for the reproduction of food and labour. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 107-137 Issue: 171 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2022.2050557 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2022.2050557 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:171:p:107-137 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mohamed Chamekh Author-X-Name-First: Mohamed Author-X-Name-Last: Chamekh Title: Postcolonial security: Britain, France, and West Africa’s Cold War Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 192-194 Issue: 171 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.1998987 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.1998987 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:171:p:192-194 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sophia Hayat Taha Author-X-Name-First: Sophia Hayat Author-X-Name-Last: Taha Title: Migration beyond capitalism Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 194-196 Issue: 171 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2022.2049146 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2022.2049146 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:171:p:194-196 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carlos Muianga Author-X-Name-First: Carlos Author-X-Name-Last: Muianga Title: The expansion of capitalist agricultural production and social reproduction of rural labour: contradictions within the logic of capital accumulation in Mozambique Abstract: In Mozambique, policy discourses supporting the expansion of large-scale capitalist agriculture have largely focused on its potential to increase agricultural production and productivity. In particular, they have highlighted the potential contribution to rural employment and income, and their impacts on poverty reduction. Yet in focusing narrowly on these dynamics, they have ignored the contradictions of social reproduction of labour often associated with the expansion of capitalist production. This paper explores these contradictions by considering primary and secondary evidence from two contexts of expansion of large-scale capitalist agriculture in Mozambique. It argues that these contradictions have manifested in diverse forms, reflecting the extent to which forms of expansion and (re)organisation of sectors of capitalist agricultural production, and the associated forms of labour exploitation, have affected different spheres of social reproduction of labour in these contexts. Moreover, the paper suggests, they have reproduced more broadly, as the expansion/intensification of the extractive logic of accumulation has compromised ‘alternative’ spaces of social reproduction. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 87-106 Issue: 171 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2022.2036485 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2022.2036485 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:171:p:87-106 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ewa Karwowski Author-X-Name-First: Ewa Author-X-Name-Last: Karwowski Title: Commercial finance for development: a back door for financialisation Abstract: The global Covid-19 pandemic has accelerated a trend under way for the last decade: the enlistment of private-sector commercial finance for development. This finance can be brought in through (1) regular cross-border flows, (2) blended finance and (3) impact bonds. This briefing argues that intensified foreign financial inflows are likely to draw African economies further into financialisation, which increases financial instability and can undermine the democratic process, jeopardising just socio-economic development. Specifically, the short-termism of portfolio flows requires costly reserve accumulation, foreign direct investment exposes firms to demands for shareholder value generation, and external debt introduces exchange rate risk for domestic borrowers. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 161-172 Issue: 171 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.1912722 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.1912722 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:171:p:161-172 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carlos Nuno Castel-Branco Author-X-Name-First: Carlos Nuno Author-X-Name-Last: Castel-Branco Author-Name: Elisa Greco Author-X-Name-First: Elisa Author-X-Name-Last: Greco Title: Mozambique – neither miracle nor mirage Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 1-10 Issue: 171 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2022.2047297 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2022.2047297 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:171:p:1-10 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rosimina Ali Author-X-Name-First: Rosimina Author-X-Name-Last: Ali Author-Name: Sara Stevano Author-X-Name-First: Sara Author-X-Name-Last: Stevano Title: Work in agro-industry and the social reproduction of labour in Mozambique: contradictions in the current accumulation system Abstract: This article discusses the tensions between job creation and employment quality in the system of accumulation in Mozambique. Addressing job quality is central because Mozambique’s economic structure has mostly failed to generate stable work and pay and dignified working conditions. However, this is neglected in the mainstream view of labour markets, which is dominated by dualisms and limited by its blind spot regarding social reproduction. The authors follow a political economy approach informed by a social reproduction lens and draw on original primary evidence on agro-industries. They argue that low-quality jobs reflect the current mode of organisation of production, in which companies’ profitability depends on access to cheap and disposable labour and relies on workers’ ability to engage in multiple, interdependent paid and unpaid forms of work to sustain themselves. Unless the co-constitutive interrelations between production and reproduction are understood and addressed, the fragmentation of livelihoods will intensify the social system crisis. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 67-86 Issue: 171 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2022.1990624 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2022.1990624 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:171:p:67-86 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leo Zeilig Author-X-Name-First: Leo Author-X-Name-Last: Zeilig Title: Connecting people and voices for radical change in Africa Abstract: In this section of the journal, we aim to give readers of the print journal a picture of what has been published on Roape.net over the last few months, and invite you to connect and follow the articles, blogposts, authors and debates online. Details of all the blogposts referred to here are in the reference list at the end. We warmly invite all our readers to sign up to the Roape.net newsletter and WhatsApp service at the top of the home page of the website. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 365-368 Issue: 172 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2022.2084883 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2022.2084883 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:172:p:365-368 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mondli Hlatshwayo Author-X-Name-First: Mondli Author-X-Name-Last: Hlatshwayo Title: Social movements as learning spaces: the case of the defunct Anti-Privatisation Forum in South Africa Abstract: Social movements often become spaces for learning, although this type of learning has been overlooked by activists and scholars alike. Analysing the case of the collapsed Anti-Privatisation Forum (APF), the article submits that the APF was not only an organisation that challenged privatisation, but also a learning space for activists from middle-class and working-class backgrounds. Non-formal educational platforms, such as political education workshops, organisational and practical skill training sessions and campaigns organised by the APF and its partner organisations, were instrumental in transferring skills to community-based activists. After the demise of the APF, its activists applied the skills and competences they had acquired to continue advancing social and economic justice in other organisations. Furthermore, community-based activists educated middle-class activists about the conditions of working-class communities and the challenges of building working-class movements in post-apartheid South Africa. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 209-225 Issue: 172 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.1962838 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.1962838 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:172:p:209-225 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christian John Makgala Author-X-Name-First: Christian John Author-X-Name-Last: Makgala Author-Name: Ikanyeng Stonto Malila Author-X-Name-First: Ikanyeng Stonto Author-X-Name-Last: Malila Title: Challenges of constitutional reform, economic transformation and Covid-19 in Botswana Abstract: Botswana’s much-lauded economic boom was accompanied by a disproportionately powerful presidency, poverty, significant economic inequities, elite corruption and rising unemployment. Mokgweetsi Masisi succeeded Ian Khama as president of the long-ruling Botswana Democratic Party (BDP) in 2018. He won the 2019 election on a platform of constitutional reform and economic transformation, but the rift between Masisi and Khama appeared to dissuade Masisi from pursuing the much-touted constitutional reform. Masisi needed the ‘blank cheque constitution’ to deploy the state apparatus in his personal war of attrition with the fearsome Khama. During the Covid-19 outbreak, however, civil society put pressure on Masisi to go beyond idle customary rhetoric and make a commitment to constitutional reform. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 303-314 Issue: 172 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2022.2078559 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2022.2078559 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:172:p:303-314 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bettina Engels Author-X-Name-First: Bettina Author-X-Name-Last: Engels Title: Transition now? Another coup d’état in Burkina Faso Abstract: The briefing explores the dynamics underpinning the coup d’état in Burkina Faso that took place on 24 to 25 January 2022. It does so by discussing the putschists’ justification to fight threats by non-state armed groups and situates the coup in the history of Burkina Faso. Since formal independence the country has been characterised by strikes, military coups and constitutional referendums. In contrast to 2015, however, when broad popular resistance forced a group of military putschists out of office after only a few days, the trade unions and mass organisations this time do not mobilise active resistance, though in principle they oppose military coups. The briefing raises questions regarding whether the ‘transition phase’ will deliver any substantial change, what might be seen as legitimate forms of regime change, and what the character of political authority is in Burkina Faso, how it might be delivered and by whom. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 315-326 Issue: 172 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2022.2075127 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2022.2075127 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:172:p:315-326 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Janet Bujra Author-X-Name-First: Janet Author-X-Name-Last: Bujra Title: Climate catastrophe: the struggle continues Abstract: Climate changes are disproportionately affecting Africa. In this outstanding book, employing a political economy analysis, Jonathan Neale shows how the global crisis might be averted. A forensic examination of the way that fossil fuels are implicated, and how use of them could be diminished in favour of investing in renewable energy, is allied to a consideration of the political forces which might be marshalled against the energy corporates which profit from potential tragedy. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 355-360 Issue: 172 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2022.2083316 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2022.2083316 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:172:p:355-360 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Olayinka Ajala Author-X-Name-First: Olayinka Author-X-Name-Last: Ajala Title: Evolution and decline: transformation of social movements in Nigeria Abstract: Despite the rising academic scholarship on democracy, particularly the role played by social movements in entrenching democracy in Africa, few studies have explored the transformation of social movements after they have achieved (or come close to achieving) their stated goals. Using a case study of the Oodua Peoples Congress in Nigeria, this study argues that social movements in Africa lack the capacity to transform and often become partisan or disintegrate. The study concludes that the unique characteristics of African politics, coupled with the inability of social movements to maintain public support after initial gains, eventually weaken the movements. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 246-263 Issue: 172 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.1996344 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.1996344 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:172:p:246-263 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martin Bekker Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Bekker Title: Language of the unheard: police-recorded protests in South Africa, 1997–2013 Abstract: South Africa remains beset by protest. Notwithstanding an impressive literature, quantifying protests remains problematic; most attempts extrapolate from samples or media-derived data sets. Applying machine learning to the world’s largest publicly available, single-country public-event database – the South African Police Service’s Incident Registration Information System – the article classifies 150,000 events into type and levels of ‘tumult’. The author provides the first holistic picture of all police-reported protest in South Africa over a given period (1997–2013), showing a count increase (partly confirming the ‘rebellion of the poor’ thesis), while more nuanced measures (i.e. protestors per capita) demonstrate a less urban and tumultuous phenomenon than previously theorised. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 226-245 Issue: 172 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2021.1953976 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2021.1953976 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:172:p:226-245 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Osaze Omoragbon Author-X-Name-First: Osaze Author-X-Name-Last: Omoragbon Author-Name: Nafisatu Irene Okhade Author-X-Name-First: Nafisatu Irene Author-X-Name-Last: Okhade Title: Elections, constituency consultation and political representation in Boko Haram-affected areas in Nigeria Abstract: The Boko Haram insurgency has taken a toll on life in North East Nigeria. This briefing explores the impact of the conflict on elections, constituency consultation and political representation in affected areas. Using data on parliamentary recess, we estimate federal legislators’ consultation time and argue that the insurgency is a setback for participatory democracy. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 327-338 Issue: 172 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2022.2042800 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2022.2042800 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:172:p:327-338 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Terrence Lyons Author-X-Name-First: Terrence Author-X-Name-Last: Lyons Author-Name: Aly Verjee Author-X-Name-First: Aly Author-X-Name-Last: Verjee Title: Asymmetric electoral authoritarianism? The case of the 2021 elections in Ethiopia Abstract: Ethiopia’s 2021 elections have been overshadowed by the brutal civil war that has raged since November 2020. The elections may not have been competitive but they reveal important dynamics about institutions and the competition for power in Africa’s second most populous state. These were the first elections under Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, who came to power in 2018 insisting that legitimacy comes through elections. By 2021, however, repression and boycotts resulted in the ruling party winning 97% of the seats where voting took place. Beneath this national result were patterns of asymmetric electoral authoritarianism. Some regions experienced heavy-handed political domination and voting with only the ruling party competing. Others had circumscribed political space and opportunities for the opposition to win votes. Local dynamics challenge assessments that only look at the national outcome, missing important differences between types of electoral authoritarianism. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 339-354 Issue: 172 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2022.2037540 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2022.2037540 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:172:p:339-354 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joe Pateman Author-X-Name-First: Joe Author-X-Name-Last: Pateman Title: The centrality of Africa in Lenin’s theory of imperialism Abstract: Lenin’s Marxist theories have aided both African anti-imperialist struggles and the study of African political economy. Recently, however, some scholars have reinvigorated the postcolonial critique of Marxism as a Eurocentric doctrine, one that misunderstands and marginalises Africa and its peoples. Following Cedric Robinson, several analysts mention Lenin alongside Marx and Engels as a founder of Eurocentric Marxism. This article, by contrast, argues that Lenin displayed a deep concern for Africa, one that was fundamentally non-Eurocentric. Lenin researched Africa extensively in his Notebooks on imperialism. Upon the basis of this research, Lenin placed Africa at the centre of his analysis in Imperialism: the highest stage of capitalism. It is impossible to understand the insights of Lenin’s theory of imperialism without appreciating Africa’s centrality within it. Although Lenin displayed the racist views of Africa that dominated his era, these were marginal in his thought. Lenin militantly opposed colonialism and supported African independence. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 287-302 Issue: 172 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2022.2026765 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2022.2026765 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:172:p:287-302 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andrew Coulson Author-X-Name-First: Andrew Author-X-Name-Last: Coulson Title: Improvement and change in rural Tanzania Abstract: The reviewed book is a collection of studies of rural villages in Tanzania over periods of 20 years or more. Many of the villages changed dramatically in that period, and many of the villagers were able to improve their lives. However, the ways that assets in rural areas are treated in both Household Budget Surveys and GDP figures does not fully reflect these changes, leading, all too easily, to underestimations of the potentials for improvement in villages such as these in rural Africa. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 361-364 Issue: 172 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2022.2083311 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2022.2083311 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:172:p:361-364 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shahenda Suliman Author-X-Name-First: Shahenda Author-X-Name-Last: Suliman Title: Minimal hegemony in Sudan: exploring the rise and fall of the National Islamic Front Abstract: This article adopts a Gramscian approach to exploring the political economy behind the rise and fall of the National Islamic Front (NIF) in Sudan. It traces the NIF’s rise from the 1960s, with particular attention to the class character of its hegemonic project and shifting ideology. Reading its reign through the lens of minimal hegemony, it critically explores how neoliberal restructuring produced a narrow but powerful ruling bloc at the expense and marginalisation of different social groups, and how shifts in international relations intertwined with social transformations across Sudan to reproduce new forms of dependency. Paying attention to the uneven nature of capitalist development and resulting antagonisms during this period, it explores why the NIF was unable to forge an integral hegemony, ending with the crisis of authority that overthrew Bashir and the emergence of social forces that continue to contest its cultural, political and economic project. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 264-286 Issue: 172 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2022.2077095 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2022.2077095 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:172:p:264-286 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bettina Engels Author-X-Name-First: Bettina Author-X-Name-Last: Engels Title: Popular struggles and the search for alternative democracies Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 201-208 Issue: 172 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2022.2085886 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2022.2085886 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:172:p:201-208 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2093634_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Nataliya Mykhalchenko Author-X-Name-First: Nataliya Author-X-Name-Last: Mykhalchenko Author-Name: Jörg Wiegratz Author-X-Name-First: Jörg Author-X-Name-Last: Wiegratz Title: Anti-fraud measures in Western Africa and commentary on research findings across the three regions analysed Abstract: This briefing explores anti-fraud measures (AFMs) in Ghana, Nigeria and Sierra Leone. This is the last of three Briefings which examine the characteristics of AFMs across Africa. The findings confirm our earlier analyses concerning major anti-fraud measure drivers, actors, tools and controversies. These measures link matters of corporate competition, branding, consumer protection, industrial policy, capitalism and national politics, and are by now a component of economic policy and governance of various African states. A reflection on the data presented across the three Briefings concludes, and marks the end of the series. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 472-486 Issue: 173 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2022.2093634 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2022.2093634 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:173:p:472-486 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2117921_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Leo Zeilig Author-X-Name-First: Leo Author-X-Name-Last: Zeilig Author-Name: Chinedu Chukwudinma Author-X-Name-First: Chinedu Author-X-Name-Last: Chukwudinma Author-Name: Ben Radley Author-X-Name-First: Ben Author-X-Name-Last: Radley Title: Connecting people and voices for radical change in Africa Abstract: In this section of the journal, we aim to give readers of the print journal a picture of what has been published on Roape.net over the last few months, and invite you to connect and follow the articles, blogposts, authors and debates online. Details of all the blogposts referred to here are in the reference list at the end. We warmly invite all our readers to sign up to the Roape.net newsletter and WhatsApp service at the top of the home page of the website. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 520-522 Issue: 173 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2022.2117921 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2022.2117921 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:173:p:520-522 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2047632_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Niamh Gaynor Author-X-Name-First: Niamh Author-X-Name-Last: Gaynor Title: Africa’s lion economies and their gendered impacts: lessons from Asia Abstract: This Debate addresses the ‘Eastern turn’ in policy and direction among Africa’s fast growing lion economies. It focuses in particular on recent recommendations in the African political economy literature for a reorientation in investment towards low-wage, labour-intensive manufacturing industries. Drawing on relevant empirical studies from Asia, it argues that there are significant gendered implications to this Eastern turn which, to date, have largely been ignored in the mainstream African literature. A widening of discourse and policy in ways that move beyond ‘add women and stir’ approaches, to address broader structural constraints to women’s economic participation, is recommended. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 498-506 Issue: 173 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2022.2047632 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2022.2047632 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:173:p:498-506 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2133205_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Lee Wengraf Author-X-Name-First: Lee Author-X-Name-Last: Wengraf Title: The climate emergency in Africa: crisis, ‘solutions’ and resistance Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 392-394 Issue: 173 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2022.2133205 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2022.2133205 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:173:p:392-394 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2027750_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Tapiwa Madimu Author-X-Name-First: Tapiwa Author-X-Name-Last: Madimu Title: ‘Illegal’ gold mining and the everyday in post-apartheid South Africa Abstract: This paper examines unregulated gold-mining activities prevalent at disused mines and decommissioned shafts at operating mines in post-apartheid South Africa. This kind of mining is deemed illegal by the government since it is outside the parameters of the country’s main mining legislation. The author uses the concept of ‘the everyday’ to examine the daily living patterns and work operations of unregulated miners (zama-zamas) to fully understand their real world, beyond what is peddled by the state, and to argue that unregulated mining activities are orderly and make a significant contribution to the livelihoods of thousands of people in South Africa and the subregion. A thorough examination of their daily work and leisure routines sheds more light on their actual world, which has till now been obscured by government and media reports that emphasise the ‘illegal’ and violent aspects while remaining mute on the positive elements. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 436-451 Issue: 173 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2022.2027750 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2022.2027750 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:173:p:436-451 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2154012_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Reginald Cline-Cole Author-X-Name-First: Reginald Author-X-Name-Last: Cline-Cole Title: Capitalist crises and unstable global and national orders? Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 369-389 Issue: 173 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2022.2154012 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2022.2154012 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:173:p:369-389 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2098008_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Phillan Zamchiya Author-X-Name-First: Phillan Author-X-Name-Last: Zamchiya Title: Mining, capital and dispossession in post-apartheid South Africa Abstract: Some Marxist political economists use accumulation by dispossession to explain processes in which natural resources are enclosed and their users dispossessed through extra-economic means. However, accumulation by dispossession takes an overly omnibus and materialistic approach in trying to cover a wide range of global processes. This article therefore distils accumulation by dispossession’s three central features of coercion, non-voluntary consent and corruption to enhance its local explanatory power of material and incorporeal dispossession in post-apartheid South Africa. This approach magnifies how a triumvirate of traditional leaders, state officials and Ivanplats platinum mine dispossessed people living on customary land in Limpopo, with detrimental effects. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 417-435 Issue: 173 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2022.2098008 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2022.2098008 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:173:p:417-435 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2109012_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Paul Hezekiah Omeh Author-X-Name-First: Paul Hezekiah Author-X-Name-Last: Omeh Author-Name: Ifeanyichukwu Michael Abada Author-X-Name-First: Ifeanyichukwu Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Abada Author-Name: Celestine Chijioke Onah Author-X-Name-First: Celestine Chijioke Author-X-Name-Last: Onah Author-Name: Ngozika Josephine Anozie Author-X-Name-First: Ngozika Josephine Author-X-Name-Last: Anozie Author-Name: Benjamin Amujiri Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin Author-X-Name-Last: Amujiri Title: Bilateral trade and politico-administrative border relations in Africa: an analysis of the case of Nigeria and Benin Republic Abstract: Bilateral formal trade relations between Nigeria and the Republic of Benin have increased significantly in the last 10 years. There has also been an increase in the smuggling of contraband goods due to the porous borders. This briefing explores the nexus between bilateral trade and politico-administrative border relations between the two countries. It interrogates the character of the border relations and consequences for the political economy of trade. The briefing highlights that border politics drive formal and informal trade relations. It also highlights other drivers of illegal activities in the border areas, including the cultural affinity between inhabitants living within the contiguous borders, and compromised government officials. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 487-497 Issue: 173 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2022.2109012 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2022.2109012 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:173:p:487-497 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2098009_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Musa Nxele Author-X-Name-First: Musa Author-X-Name-Last: Nxele Title: Crony capitalist deals and investment in South Africa’s platinum belt: a case study of Anglo American Platinum’s scramble for mining rights, 1995–2019 Abstract: This article analyses how crony capitalism emerges as a solution to maintaining investment in platinum mining. Using a case study of platinum, the analytic narrative exploits the quasi-experimental design provided by the nationalisation of mineral rights to evaluate the relationship between mining investment and crony capitalism. Does the policy have the effects intended? This article argues that the answer is no because of the cronyism between mining capital and politically connected black elites. The institutionalisation of cronyism, coupled with low economic growth and shrinking market-based black economic empowerment opportunities, bolstered and legitimised capture of the state. The system of cronyism produced limited investment and limited black productive capital. Poor mining communities and mine workers have suffered from this cronyism, but have recently organised their power to control the operating environment, or the ‘social licence’ to operate. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 395-416 Issue: 173 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2022.2098009 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2022.2098009 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:173:p:395-416 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2026314_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Prolific S. Mataruse Author-X-Name-First: Prolific S. Author-X-Name-Last: Mataruse Author-Name: Sally Matthews Author-X-Name-First: Sally Author-X-Name-Last: Matthews Title: Commercialising the struggle: the organisational and ideological effects of democracy assistance on opposition activism in Zimbabwe Abstract: One of the ways in which opposition activists in Zimbabwe receive funding is through democracy assistance. Focusing on the late 1990s to 2016, this article explores the effect the receipt of such aid had on the ways in which opposition activists organise and on their ideological orientation. The authors show that the availability of such funds contributed to the commercialisation of the struggle whereby opposition activists began to view activism as a way to earn a living. Furthermore, this funding led to a decline in trust, passion and voluntarism among opposition activists. And, finally, dependence on foreign funding resulted in ideological shifts in Zimbabwean opposition parties and organisations whereby radical, left-leaning positions were abandoned in order to secure funding. The authors suggest that local strategies for funding such struggles for democracy must be given greater consideration to promote transformational possibilities and new participatory forms of democracy. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 452-471 Issue: 173 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2022.2026314 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2022.2026314 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:173:p:452-471 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2042239_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Claire A. Amuhaya Author-X-Name-First: Claire A. Author-X-Name-Last: Amuhaya Author-Name: Denis A. Degterev Author-X-Name-First: Denis A. Author-X-Name-Last: Degterev Title: Development of the Blue Economy concept in Eastern Africa: strategic frameworks and a simmering conflict Abstract: Eastern African small island states played a role in advancing the ‘Blue Economy’ concept prior to the Rio+20 summit in 2012, when it emerged on a global stage. As their main concern they cited threats caused by climate change to marine life, on which they are highly dependent. This briefing explores the uneven development of the various national policies geared towards the concept. It notes an emphasis on economic policies neglecting climate change and dispute settlement policies, and identifies a need for the development of an all-encompassing regional approach to maximise Blue Economy benefits in Eastern Africa. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 507-519 Issue: 173 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2022.2042239 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2022.2042239 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:173:p:507-519 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2117493_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Ruth First Prize Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 390-391 Issue: 173 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2022.2117493 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2022.2117493 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:173:p:390-391 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2044300_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Isaac Abotebuno Akolgo Author-X-Name-First: Isaac Abotebuno Author-X-Name-Last: Akolgo Title: Collapsing banks and the cost of finance capitalism in Ghana Abstract: This briefing explains Ghana’s recent banking sector failures and renewed debt crisis as consequences of its uneven and deleterious integration into the global capitalist financial system, a situation that critical scholars in international political economy call international financial subordination. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 624-633 Issue: 174 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2022.2044300 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2022.2044300 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:174:p:624-633 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2186599_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Noam Chen-Zion Author-X-Name-First: Noam Author-X-Name-Last: Chen-Zion Title: Caught in Europe’s net: ecological destruction and Senegalese migration to Spain Abstract: Since the beginning of the 21st century, Europe has seen a substantial increase in undocumented economic migration from West Africa. Dominant public discourse on this migration wave fails to identify its underlying drivers. This article analyses contemporary migration within the structure of modern imperialism, demonstrating how European extraction of wealth and resources from West Africa fosters migration. Imperial expropriation is made concrete through a case study of Senegalese fishers now living in Badalona, Spain. Drawing on their life histories and situating their trajectories within the broader context of Senegalese economic history, this article argues that they were pushed to migrate largely due to industrial fishing fleets draining West African marine life. In Spain, a regime of illegality has coerced these Senegalese fishers into highly exploitative sectors, to the tremendous benefit of Spanish capital. Their ceaseless struggle to work under such violent conditions can only be explained by the need to sustain their impoverished families in Senegal. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 584-600 Issue: 174 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2022.2186599 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2022.2186599 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:174:p:584-600 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2138308_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Francis Nyonzo Author-X-Name-First: Francis Author-X-Name-Last: Nyonzo Title: Tanzania’s solidarity tax Abstract: Financial services are important for development. Most people in developing countries lack access to financial services. The availability of financial services on mobile phones has made these services accessible to people who previously lacked access. Economists have recommended that infrastructure and tax systems be improved in order to enable more people to benefit from mobile financial services. However, in 2021 the Tanzanian government introduced levies on mobile transactions and airtime, which increased the costs of transactions, contrary to the advice of economists. This briefing discusses the taxes on mobile money transactions and their economic legitimacy, considering the fact that the country was not in an emergency and that there are revenue losses. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 643-651 Issue: 174 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2022.2138308 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2022.2138308 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:174:p:643-651 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2207962_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Volume Index Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 655-659 Issue: 174 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2022.2207962 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2022.2207962 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:174:p:655-659 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2185880_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Tarila Marclint Ebiede Author-X-Name-First: Tarila Marclint Author-X-Name-Last: Ebiede Title: How armed militancy transformed power relations in the oil communities of Nigeria’s Niger Delta Abstract: This article analyses the dynamics of conflicts in local communities in the Niger Delta. The article argues that militants associated with armed groups gained significant power in communities due to their dominant roles in the persistent violent conflicts that have plagued the Niger Delta over the last two decades. This is evident in how those associated with armed militant groups influence and control community governance institutions in the region. However, people who are not aligned with militia groups are beginning to challenge the hegemony of those associated with militia groups. This process defines the prevailing dynamics of power relations in the area. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 569-583 Issue: 174 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2023.2185880 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2023.2185880 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:174:p:569-583 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2151358_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Osama Diab Author-X-Name-First: Osama Author-X-Name-Last: Diab Title: The role of subordinate financialisation in Egypt’s employment crisis Abstract: Studies of financialisation have largely ignored its impact in global south contexts. This briefing, therefore, adopts the ‘subordinate financialisation’ framework to study the impact of growing financialisation in Egypt, using primary data on the financial sector, employment and capital formation. To avoid the shortcomings of methodological nationalism, this briefing stresses the global south and historical dimensions of Egypt’s subordinate financialisation. The briefing concludes that traditional policy intervention, including progressive countercyclical measures, is unlikely to counterbalance the adverse effects of this extractive variety of financialisation due to its non-cyclical nature. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 634-642 Issue: 174 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2022.2151358 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2022.2151358 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:174:p:634-642 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2201111_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Leo Zeilig Author-X-Name-First: Leo Author-X-Name-Last: Zeilig Author-Name: Chinedu Chukwudinma Author-X-Name-First: Chinedu Author-X-Name-Last: Chukwudinma Author-Name: Ben Radley Author-X-Name-First: Ben Author-X-Name-Last: Radley Title: Connecting people and voices for radical change in Africa Abstract: In this section of the journal, we aim to give readers of the print journal a picture of what has been published on Roape.net over the last few months, and invite you to connect and follow the articles, blogposts, authors and debates online. Details of all the blogposts referred to here are in the reference list at the end. We warmly invite all our readers to sign up to the Roape.net newsletter and WhatsApp service at the top of the home page of the website. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 652-654 Issue: 174 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2022.2201111 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2022.2201111 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:174:p:652-654 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2075722_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Buhari Shehu Miapyen Author-X-Name-First: Buhari Shehu Author-X-Name-Last: Miapyen Author-Name: Umut Bozkurt Author-X-Name-First: Umut Author-X-Name-Last: Bozkurt Title: Racial capitalism and capitalism in Africa: the utility and limits of Cedric Robinson’s perspective Abstract: This debate discusses the analytical utility of Cedric Robinson’s perspective on capitalism and its mode of accumulation in Africa. It identifies the important uses of Robinson’s approach and the concept of racialism. The debate also explores a major limitation of his framing of the effects of capitalism in Europe and the world beyond it. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 611-623 Issue: 174 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2022.2075722 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2022.2075722 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:174:p:611-623 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2171284_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Tom Gillespie Author-X-Name-First: Tom Author-X-Name-Last: Gillespie Author-Name: Seth Schindler Author-X-Name-First: Seth Author-X-Name-Last: Schindler Title: Africa’s new urban spaces: deindustrialisation, infrastructure-led development and real estate frontiers Abstract: Many African governments have embraced centralised spatial planning and the construction of large-scale connective infrastructure as a means to synergise industrialisation and functional urban development. This article examines the tensions between these economic and urban development objectives in Ghana and Kenya. Infrastructure-led development in both cases has fuelled extended and unplanned urbanisation and the production of new frontiers for real estate investment. However, the evidence indicates that it has failed to contribute to processes of structural transformation. This argument advances debates about the tensions between supply chain and rentier capitalism and problematises the assumed relationship between infrastructure-led development and industrialisation. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 531-549 Issue: 174 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2023.2171284 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2023.2171284 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:174:p:531-549 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2176095_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Hannah Cross Author-X-Name-First: Hannah Author-X-Name-Last: Cross Title: Migration, Europe, and the question of political and economic sovereignty in Africa Abstract: This debate piece argues for the importance of labour internationalism and anti-imperialism in the anti-racist defence of migrants. A focus on the Sahel region shows some of the ways that core European states militarily, economically and politically undermine countries’ potential for self-determination. Border regimes, their modes of accumulation and selective labour policies expand militarism, social division and inequality between and within the regions. Challenges to these processes of global apartheid require attention to the national question and rejection of European imperialism, as indicated in recent pan-African calls for independence and popular sovereignty. This materialist analysis of migration in capitalism presents a basis for demanding equality of movement and the freedom and equality of societies facing capitalism-induced displacement. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 601-610 Issue: 174 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2022.2176095 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2022.2176095 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:174:p:601-610 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2194164_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Aloysius-Michaels Okolie Author-X-Name-First: Aloysius-Michaels Author-X-Name-Last: Okolie Author-Name: Kelechi Elijah Nnamani Author-X-Name-First: Kelechi Elijah Author-X-Name-Last: Nnamani Author-Name: Chikodiri Nwangwu Author-X-Name-First: Chikodiri Author-X-Name-Last: Nwangwu Author-Name: Humphrey Nwobodo Agbo Author-X-Name-First: Humphrey Nwobodo Author-X-Name-Last: Agbo Author-Name: Chinedu Cyril Ike Author-X-Name-First: Chinedu Author-X-Name-Last: Cyril Ike Title: Public procurement law, political economy of the lowest responsive bidding, and the development of the water, sanitation and hygiene sector in Nigeria Abstract: This study challenges the argument that the non-enforceability of the procurement law is the bane of infrastructural development in Nigeria. Focusing on the water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) sector, the article argues that various attempts at procurement regulation were in fact moves to expand capital accumulation in the service delivery sector. Highly placed individuals leverage the lowest responsive bidding mechanism to engage in sharp practices which undermine the development of the WASH sector in the country. Given the prevailing scenario which presents the state, its institutions and laws – including the procurement legislation – as instruments in the hands of the dominant social forces, any investments in and attempts at rule enforcement tend to produce only minimal outcomes. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 550-568 Issue: 174 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2023.2194164 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2023.2194164 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:174:p:550-568 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2204035_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Peter Lawrence Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Lawrence Title: The return of recession, debt and structural adjustment Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 523-530 Issue: 174 Volume: 49 Year: 2022 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2022.2204035 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2022.2204035 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:49:y:2022:i:174:p:523-530 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2190453_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Osama Diab Author-X-Name-First: Osama Author-X-Name-Last: Diab Title: Africa’s unequal balance Abstract: Using flows of biophysical resources between countries, new research has defied conventional methods of analysing trade in terms of cash flows. Labelled ‘ecologically unequal exchange’, this research quantifies net resource transfers from global South to global North countries. This article explores the unequal exchange implications for Africa as a primary exporter of physical resources, and hence one of the biggest losers from ecologically unequal exchange. As well as ecologically unequal exchange, the article employs the Prebisch–Singer hypothesis and the Growing Smile model to argue against export-oriented industrialisation models of development, and for the political restructuring of the uneven global value regime. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 116-124 Issue: 175 Volume: 50 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2023.2190453 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2023.2190453 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:50:y:2023:i:175:p:116-124 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2174846_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Luke A. Amadi Author-X-Name-First: Luke A. Author-X-Name-Last: Amadi Author-Name: Fidelis Allen Author-X-Name-First: Fidelis Author-X-Name-Last: Allen Author-Name: Zainab L. Mai-Bornu Author-X-Name-First: Zainab L. Author-X-Name-Last: Mai-Bornu Title: Democracy, separatist agitation and militarised state response in South East Nigeria Abstract: This briefing revisits the dynamics of post-civil-war agitation for a separate state arising from Nigerian state repression in Africa’s largest democracy. It analyses uncertainties among many Nigerians in the south-east of the country and focuses on the recent experience of the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB), a group agitating for a republic of Biafra. It argues for a more democratic order that legitimises equality and social justice as organising principles of democracy. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 125-137 Issue: 175 Volume: 50 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2023.2174846 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2023.2174846 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:50:y:2023:i:175:p:125-137 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2240674_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ray Bush Author-X-Name-First: Ray Author-X-Name-Last: Bush Title: Africa Development Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 138-142 Issue: 175 Volume: 50 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2023.2240674 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2023.2240674 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:50:y:2023:i:175:p:138-142 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2240676_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Reem Abou-El-Fadl Author-X-Name-First: Reem Author-X-Name-Last: Abou-El-Fadl Title: Helmi Sharawy (1935–2023) Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 90-95 Issue: 175 Volume: 50 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2023.2240676 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2023.2240676 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:50:y:2023:i:175:p:90-95 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2192343_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Stefan Bakumenko Author-X-Name-First: Stefan Author-X-Name-Last: Bakumenko Title: Predatory economics fuelling insecurity: violence and the commodification of labour in South Sudan Abstract: This article explores how predatory economic processes play out in South Sudan, particularly in fuelling conflict and competition. It posits that issues of personal wealth and communal patronage are just as essential to understanding the conflict as politics, ideology and personal animosities. The article highlights the structural incentives for coercive economics and the commodification of labour. Exploring two case studies, it analyses how contests over the vital oil and cattle industries create insecurity in South Sudan, outlining the actors, methods and incentives involved in this economic violence. It concludes with opportunities for further research. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 9-25 Issue: 175 Volume: 50 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2023.2192343 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2023.2192343 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:50:y:2023:i:175:p:9-25 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2190452_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: James Musonda Author-X-Name-First: James Author-X-Name-Last: Musonda Title: He who laughs last laughs the loudest: the 2021 donchi-kubeba (don’t tell) elections in Zambia Abstract: Most Africanist scholars stress the importance of clientelism in determining electoral outcomes and patrimonialism and the use of force in enabling ruling parties to prolong their stay in power. This article, which draws upon various instances of participant observation and interviews regarding the 2021 elections in Zambia, contributes to the few studies that emphasise the limits of clientelism and patrimonialism in African politics and the agency of voters or subordinate groups to hold their leaders accountable. It does so by showing how Zambian voters sought to secure benefits from clientelist campaigns, patrimonial rule and trade union campaigns to win changes in state policies, publicly promising reciprocity and loyalty when under the gaze of the ruling party actors, only to vote them out of power. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 71-89 Issue: 175 Volume: 50 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2023.2190452 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2023.2190452 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:50:y:2023:i:175:p:71-89 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2192344_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Surulola Eke Author-X-Name-First: Surulola Author-X-Name-Last: Eke Title: Nahu-kparilim (cattle caretakership): understanding the persistence of unfree Fulani labour and the (non)violent renegotiation of power relations in agrarian economies in northern Ghana Abstract: This article focuses on how Fulani outsider status, often maintained through several generations, constitutes the basis for unequal labour, land and associated relations. It discusses how static forms of ‘fixed’ citizenship and socioeconomic immobility both maintain and intensify labour precarity, rendering the Fulani more vulnerable to the whims, caprices and avarice of their native ‘overlords’, as evidenced by the practice of nahu-kparilim in Ghana. The article’s main interest is thus land and labour injustice rather than pastoral production and related livelihood activities. Integrating the theories of unfreedom, social reproduction and subalternity, the article contributes to unfree labour studies by demonstrating that despite being constrained in complex ways, unfree labourers have the agency to renegotiate power relations. This advances the idea of unfree labourers’ agency which, in comparison to their immiseration, receives less attention in scholarship on unfreedom. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 49-70 Issue: 175 Volume: 50 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2023.2192344 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2023.2192344 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:50:y:2023:i:175:p:49-70 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2196714_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Fana Gebresenbet Author-X-Name-First: Fana Author-X-Name-Last: Gebresenbet Author-Name: Yonas Tariku Author-X-Name-First: Yonas Author-X-Name-Last: Tariku Title: The Pretoria Agreement: mere cessation of hostilities or heralding a new era in Ethiopia? Abstract: On 2 November 2022, welcome news came from Pretoria, South Africa. After 10 days of negotiations, the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) and the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) signed a Cessation of Hostilities Agreement. This piece situates the importance of the war, and more importantly the agreement, within the longue durée of Ethiopian politics and highlights its importance as a turning point marking the end of the era of the dominance of the TPLF and the beginning of the end of ethno-nationalism's hegemonic centrality to national politics, including at the expense of the Ethiopian state. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 96-106 Issue: 175 Volume: 50 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2023.2196714 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2023.2196714 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:50:y:2023:i:175:p:96-106 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2174691_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Gennaro Gervasio Author-X-Name-First: Gennaro Author-X-Name-Last: Gervasio Author-Name: Andrea Teti Author-X-Name-First: Andrea Author-X-Name-Last: Teti Title: Gramsci’s ‘Southern Question’ and Egypt’s authoritarian retrenchment: subalternity and the disruption of activist agency Abstract: Explanations of the authoritarian retrenchment after Egypt’s 2011 Revolution invoke either the regime’s repressive advantage over ‘leaderless’ mobilisation and civic activists, or insufficient preparations and radicalism on the part of opposition groups. Both explanations are unsatisfactory. First, because despite being ‘reformist’, opposition groups’ demands were perceived as radical challenges to regimes before, during and after the uprisings. Second, because appeals to regimes’ coercive capacity contradict explanations of opponents’ rise to prominence before the uprisings: if activists eroded Egypt’s authoritarian regime before 2011, what made them unable to continue doing so afterwards? Conversely, if activists’ agency was effective before 2011 despite gross imbalances in coercive capacity, then those imbalances alone cannot explain activists’ post-revolutionary decline. In short, if activists’ agency cannot be denied before Egypt’s ‘eighteen days’, it must be accounted for in their aftermath. To do this, the authors draw on Gramsci’s original texts and Italian-language scholarship to develop his neglected notion of disgregazione. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 26-48 Issue: 175 Volume: 50 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2023.2174691 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2023.2174691 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:50:y:2023:i:175:p:26-48 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2240675_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Elisa Greco Author-X-Name-First: Elisa Author-X-Name-Last: Greco Title: Keeping eyes on Sudan – keeping eyes on austerity Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 1-8 Issue: 175 Volume: 50 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2023.2240675 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2023.2240675 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:50:y:2023:i:175:p:1-8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2181062_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Martin Bekker Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Bekker Title: The EFF as a ‘gateway party’? Briefing based on data from the 2021 South African local government elections Abstract: This briefing offers three contributions concerning the voter profile of the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF), as witnessed at the 2021 elections in South Africa. The first is that the party’s support base is relatively well educated (compared to the ruling African National Congress). Second, well over 10% of party support comes from relatively high earners, as measured by income levels. Finally, EFF support appears notably ‘fluid’, as indicated by voters switching support to the EFF (mostly from the ANC) and away from the EFF (mostly towards smaller parties), ultimately suggesting an image of the EFF as a ‘gateway party’. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 107-115 Issue: 175 Volume: 50 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2023.2181062 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2023.2181062 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:50:y:2023:i:175:p:107-115 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2239084_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Leo Zeilig Author-X-Name-First: Leo Author-X-Name-Last: Zeilig Author-Name: Chinedu Chukwudinma Author-X-Name-First: Chinedu Author-X-Name-Last: Chukwudinma Author-Name: Ben Radley Author-X-Name-First: Ben Author-X-Name-Last: Radley Title: Connecting people and voices for radical change in Africa Abstract: In this section of the journal, we aim to give readers of the print journal a picture of what has been published on Roape.net over the last few months, and invite you to connect and follow the articles, blogposts, authors and debates online. Details of all the blogposts referred to here are in the reference list at the end. We warmly invite all our readers to sign up to the Roape.net newsletter and WhatsApp service at the top of the home page of the website. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 143-145 Issue: 175 Volume: 50 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2023.2239084 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2023.2239084 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:50:y:2023:i:175:p:143-145 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2270871_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Jon Abbink Author-X-Name-First: Jon Author-X-Name-Last: Abbink Title: Evaluating the Pretoria Agreement: the limitations of presentist analysis of conflicts in Ethiopia Abstract: This debate piece contains an assessment of the debate on the ‘Pretoria Agreement’ (or Cessation of Hostilities Agreement) concluded on 2 November 2022 regarding the armed conflict in Ethiopia. On the basis of a critical discussion of a paper by F. Gebresenbet and Y. Tariku (2023) published in the Spring issue of the Review of African Political Economy (ROAPE), the author here contests the short-term analysis of the authors, who miss essential points of the wider context of political conflict in Ethiopia and also scholastically misrepresent some other authors in the debate. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 234-242 Issue: 176 Volume: 50 Year: 2023 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2023.2270871 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2023.2270871 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:50:y:2023:i:176:p:234-242 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2246276_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Vincent Chenzi Author-X-Name-First: Vincent Author-X-Name-Last: Chenzi Author-Name: Admire Ndamba Author-X-Name-First: Admire Author-X-Name-Last: Ndamba Title: Surviving the Covid-19 lockdown: Zimbabwe’s informal sector, 2020–2021 Abstract: This briefing explores the strategies deployed by informal workers in Harare during Zimbabwe’s Covid-19 lockdown period. It argues that informal workers responded to the lockdown regulations by embracing survival and accumulation strategies which had broader implications for the African continent by ultimately shaping patterns of public health, inequality, authoritarianism and corruption. The briefing provides an example of the consequences when African states unthinkingly imposed unsolicited Covid-19 restrictions that had the unintended effect of devastating a vital part of their economy and with it, the livelihoods of the poorest majority. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 261-271 Issue: 176 Volume: 50 Year: 2023 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2023.2246276 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2023.2246276 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:50:y:2023:i:176:p:261-271 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2273693_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Fana Gebresenbet Author-X-Name-First: Fana Author-X-Name-Last: Gebresenbet Author-Name: Yonas Tariku Author-X-Name-First: Yonas Author-X-Name-Last: Tariku Title: Debating the implications of the Pretoria Agreement for Ethiopia: countering attempts to silence alternative voices Abstract: Following an earlier piece by the authors debating the importance of the Pretoria Agreement (or Cessation of Hostilities Agreement) concluded in November 2022, this piece sets out their formal response to and rebuttal of blog comments received on Roape.net (Gebrehiwot et al. 2023), and also of comments in a debate piece by J. Abbink (2023) published in this issue of the Review of African Political Economy (ROAPE). The authors here contest the views put forward as lacking engagement with their arguments and mischaracterising their views. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 243-250 Issue: 176 Volume: 50 Year: 2023 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2023.2273693 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2023.2273693 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:50:y:2023:i:176:p:243-250 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2264685_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Ruth First Prize: Musa Nxele on crony capitalist deals and investment in South Africa’s platinum belt Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 154-155 Issue: 176 Volume: 50 Year: 2023 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2023.2264685 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2023.2264685 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:50:y:2023:i:176:p:154-155 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2196715_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Elias Aguigah Author-X-Name-First: Elias Author-X-Name-Last: Aguigah Title: Restitution of looted artefacts: a politico-economic issue Abstract: Current debates around restitution of looted art from Africa mostly ignore politico-economic aspects of neocolonialism, reflecting the trend in academia as well as the wider public to separate cultural from economic issues. This article first aims to show the importance of the plunder and looting of material belongings in the establishment of European colonial rule over the African continent. Building on this, the author then highlights the role that restitutions play in current international neocolonial relations and in the political economy of ethnological museums. The paper calls for a broader analysis of the political economy of postcolonial restitution to realise its anticolonial potential. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 156-172 Issue: 176 Volume: 50 Year: 2023 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2023.2196715 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2023.2196715 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:50:y:2023:i:176:p:156-172 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2251790_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Dhouha Djerbi Author-X-Name-First: Dhouha Author-X-Name-Last: Djerbi Title: Foreign debt versus organised labour: reflections on the UGTT’s stance on IMF loans in post-uprising Tunisia Abstract: In the wake of the Tunisian uprising in 2010–2011, the IMF vowed to support democratisation efforts, promising a novel approach attuned to the needs of the nation’s most marginalised people. However, IMF loan agreements garnered controversy for their conditionalities, raising doubts about the Fund’s ‘new’ strategy and its austerity-focused plans for economic restructuring. At the centre of the debt-critical movement, the country’s leading trade union organisation – the UGTT – positioned itself as a fierce opponent to the IMF. Against the backdrop of current talks for a new bailout, this briefing revisits the UGTT’s stance on two major loan agreements that Tunisia entered into after 2010. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 251-260 Issue: 176 Volume: 50 Year: 2023 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2023.2251790 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2023.2251790 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:50:y:2023:i:176:p:251-260 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2245649_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Colin Darch Author-X-Name-First: Colin Author-X-Name-Last: Darch Title: Soviet intelligence gathering in Africa in the 1960s and early 1970s: a review article Abstract: The wave of independence in Africa in the late 1950s and early 1960s, combined with the ‘thaw’ after Khrushchev’s denunciation of Stalin at the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, resulted in renewed Soviet interest after two decades of ignoring African affairs. Newly established diplomatic relations with liberation movements and independent states required the rapid training of middle-level cadres who could report back accurately to Moscow, as the USSR struggled to limit US and European influence in Africa. A volume in Russian of over 400 documents from the 1960s and early 1970s excludes the Arabic-speaking north, but allows readers to understand how intelligence was gathered on the ground by Soviet functionaries attempting to interpret local politics for power centres at home. This review article focuses on the political context in which African expertise was acquired, and analyses three cases from the volume – Ghana, Congo-Léopoldville in crisis, and Namibia in the early struggle for liberation. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 272-289 Issue: 176 Volume: 50 Year: 2023 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2023.2245649 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2023.2245649 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:50:y:2023:i:176:p:272-289 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2267311_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Max Ajl Author-X-Name-First: Max Author-X-Name-Last: Ajl Author-Name: Habib Ayeb Author-X-Name-First: Habib Author-X-Name-Last: Ayeb Author-Name: Ray Bush Author-X-Name-First: Ray Author-X-Name-Last: Bush Title: North Africa: the climate emergency and family farming Abstract: This article examines recent international financial institution and national government policy in North Africa intended to address the climate emergency. It focuses on the role of the World Bank and general policy trends since the 1970s. These policy trends fail to understand the continuing centrality of small-scale family farming to social reproduction and food production. The article stresses the significance of historical patterns of underdevelopment, and the uneven incorporation of North Africa into global capitalism. An understanding of the longue durée is crucial in understanding why, and how, agrarian transformations have taken the form that they have, and why national sovereign projects and popular struggles offer an alternative strategy to counter imperialism and neo-colonialism. International financial institutions’ preoccupation with policies of mitigation and adaptation to climate change fails to address how poverty is generated and reproduced. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 173-196 Issue: 176 Volume: 50 Year: 2023 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2023.2267311 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2023.2267311 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:50:y:2023:i:176:p:173-196 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2264684_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Leo Zeilig Author-X-Name-First: Leo Author-X-Name-Last: Zeilig Author-Name: Chinedu Chukwudinma Author-X-Name-First: Chinedu Author-X-Name-Last: Chukwudinma Author-Name: Ben Radley Author-X-Name-First: Ben Author-X-Name-Last: Radley Title: Connecting people and voices for radical change in Africa Abstract: In this section of the journal, we aim to give readers of the print journal a picture of what has been published on Roape.net over the last few months, and invite you to connect and follow the articles, blogposts, authors and debates online. Details of all the blogposts referred to here are in the reference list at the end. We warmly invite all our readers to sign up to the Roape.net newsletter and WhatsApp service at the top of the home page of the website. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 290-293 Issue: 176 Volume: 50 Year: 2023 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2023.2264684 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2023.2264684 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:50:y:2023:i:176:p:290-293 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2269693_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Bettina Engels Author-X-Name-First: Bettina Author-X-Name-Last: Engels Title: Coups and neo-colonialism Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 147-153 Issue: 176 Volume: 50 Year: 2023 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2023.2269693 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2023.2269693 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:50:y:2023:i:176:p:147-153 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2245729_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Luke Melchiorre Author-X-Name-First: Luke Author-X-Name-Last: Melchiorre Title: Generational populism and the political rise of Robert Kyagulanyi – aka Bobi Wine – in Uganda Abstract: This article analyses the political rise of the Ugandan opposition leader, Robert Kyagulanyi, aka Bobi Wine, arguing that he has a deployed a novel type of generational populism – a mobilising political discourse which frames the struggle between ‘the people’ and ‘the elite’ in generational terms, defining the former in relation to their status as youth, and in antagonistic opposition to an elite, which is depicted as defending a gerontocratic political order. At a theoretical level, the article broadens political science’s conception of populism, by introducing a new subtype of the political phenomenon which demonstrates the importance of intergenerational dynamics in the construction of the discursive categories of ‘the people’ and ‘the elite’. While it argues that Kyagulanyi’s success demonstrates the potential of populism in African countries to electorally challenge incumbent regimes, by helping to build political coalitions across ethno-regional lines, incorporating previously excluded social groups into the political process, it concludes by stressing that Kyagulanyi’s political project has failed to offer any real ideological alternative to the neoliberal orthodoxy that has characterised President Museveni’s Uganda over the last four decades. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 212-233 Issue: 176 Volume: 50 Year: 2023 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2023.2245729 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2023.2245729 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:50:y:2023:i:176:p:212-233 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2270723_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Luke Sinwell Author-X-Name-First: Luke Author-X-Name-Last: Sinwell Author-Name: Trevor Ngwane Author-X-Name-First: Trevor Author-X-Name-Last: Ngwane Author-Name: Terri Maggott Author-X-Name-First: Terri Author-X-Name-Last: Maggott Title: From energy racism to people’s power: unpacking the electricity crisis and resistance in Orange Farm, Johannesburg Abstract: Energy racism, a brainchild of racial capitalism, systemically excludes the black majority who are denied safe, reliable and clean household energy. It manifests in violent and, sometimes, deadly ways, which are often met with organised resistance from below. Drawing on a case study of Orange Farm, Johannesburg, this article explores the politics of popular resistance to the crisis of neoliberalism and cost recovery. It argues that the macro-sphere of energy production (for example, global coal consumption and Eskom) and the micro-sphere of consumption and resistance intersect within the constraints of a racialised system of capital extraction. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 197-211 Issue: 176 Volume: 50 Year: 2023 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2023.2270723 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2023.2270723 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:50:y:2023:i:176:p:197-211 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2287878_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Japhace Poncian Author-X-Name-First: Japhace Author-X-Name-Last: Poncian Author-Name: Rasmus Hundsbaek Pedersen Author-X-Name-First: Rasmus Hundsbaek Author-X-Name-Last: Pedersen Title: Resource nationalism and energy transitions in lower-income countries: the case of Tanzania Abstract: As the world approaches the 2030 year marker for the implementation of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as defined by the United Nations, the global urgency for sustainable and energy sources grows. Lower-income countries, however, confront a choice between cleaner energy and ensuring cheap and reliable energy. This raises the question of how some countries can find a balance between meeting their global climate change commitments and meeting urgent energy generation needs. This article uses resource nationalism as a lens to examine Tanzania’s energy transition dynamics. It seeks to understand why renewable sources such as wind and solar have been promoted in government policy but have not attracted much developmental support and investment. The authors argue that resource nationalism provides context within which to understand why the state has been quick to promote energy projects (notably geothermal, coal, natural gas and hydroelectric) where it has direct investment interests, as opposed to large wind and solar projects where private – often foreign – investors are dominant. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 355-373 Issue: 177-178 Volume: 50 Year: 2023 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2023.2287878 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2023.2287878 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:50:y:2023:i:177-178:p:355-373 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2289748_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Grasian Mkodzongi Author-X-Name-First: Grasian Author-X-Name-Last: Mkodzongi Title: The political economy of the climate crisis in Southern Africa Abstract: This article maps out the dynamics of the climate crisis that is unfolding globally, but whose consequences have a disproportionate impact on countries in sub-Saharan Africa and the wider global South. Although these countries have contributed insignificant amounts of greenhouse gas emissions (compared to their industrialised counterparts), their populations are the major victims of climate change, whose disastrous impacts were recently witnessed in Zimbabwe during Cyclone Idai and in South Africa during the Durban floods. In addition, Southern Africa is experiencing climate change-induced droughts, depleting water in major dams and undermining hydroelectric power generation, especially in Zambia and Zimbabwe. As a result, the region is experiencing dangerous power outages affecting agriculture and other key industries. This article adopts a novel decolonial perspective to make sense of these extreme weather events, arguing that the climate crisis is already affecting the livelihoods of many people in Southern Africa and that it is often the poor and vulnerable who suffer most from the impacts of climate change. There is thus a need for industrialised countries to contribute towards the costs of climate change mitigation since they are historically responsible for most of the carbon emissions. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 374-387 Issue: 177-178 Volume: 50 Year: 2023 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2023.2289748 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2023.2289748 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:50:y:2023:i:177-178:p:374-387 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2296801_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Correction Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: I-I Issue: 177-178 Volume: 50 Year: 2023 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2023.2296801 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2023.2296801 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:50:y:2023:i:177-178:p:I-I Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2288485_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Emilinah Namaganda Author-X-Name-First: Emilinah Author-X-Name-Last: Namaganda Title: Contradictions to decent African jobs under energy transition-related extractivism: the case of graphite mining in Mozambique Abstract: The power of African labour to bargain for better terms of employment is an important precondition to ensuring decent jobs under energy transition-related resource (ETR) extraction and the global renewable energy sector more broadly. Through the lens of graphite mining communities in Cabo Delgado Province in Mozambique, this article examines the socio-economic contradictions constraining the power of residents to negotiate decent jobs from ETR projects in Cabo Delgado and other regions of the country. Six principal but intertwined contradictions are identified, including regional antipathies and limited livelihood alternatives, engaging energy transition discussions in Mozambique on the issues unfolding at the local level which inhibit workers from negotiating decent jobs. A micro-level perspective to examining challenges to decent African jobs enables critical reflection on the local aptness of climate change policies, such as the energy transition, which are predominantly discussed at the global, regional and national levels. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 439-459 Issue: 177-178 Volume: 50 Year: 2023 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2023.2288485 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2023.2288485 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:50:y:2023:i:177-178:p:439-459 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2285120_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Zachary J. Patterson Author-X-Name-First: Zachary J. Author-X-Name-Last: Patterson Title: Climate imperialism in Africa: critical commentary on the political economy of global climate change regime Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 509-513 Issue: 177-178 Volume: 50 Year: 2023 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2023.2285120 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2023.2285120 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:50:y:2023:i:177-178:p:509-513 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2281085_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Mohamed Salah Author-X-Name-First: Mohamed Author-X-Name-Last: Salah Author-Name: Razaz Basheir Author-X-Name-First: Razaz Author-X-Name-Last: Basheir Title: (Un)Just transition in power generation: neoliberal reforms and climate crisis in Sudan Abstract: Given the undisputable reality of climate change, this article explores Sudan's power generation and its approach to the current climate crisis, focusing on the perspective of a just energy transition. It highlights how the power sector's plans remain centralised, favouring urban consumerism, cost-driven energy sources, and inadequate social and environmental evaluations with limited community involvement. Furthermore, the absence of timely adaptation measures has left off-grid populations and those displaced by hydroelectric dams disproportionately vulnerable to worsening climate conditions, loss of traditional livelihoods, and conflicts over dwindling natural resources. This exacerbates instability and regional development disparities. The article advocates for a just energy transition in Sudan that not only reduces CO2 emissions but also minimises adverse impacts on local ecosystems and livelihoods. It suggests a blend of distributed and utility-scale renewable energy sources alongside existing hydro-thermal capacity. It also calls for prioritising power supply to off-grid communities through socially driven financing mechanisms, countering the neoliberal push for privatisation and full-cost recovery. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 402-420 Issue: 177-178 Volume: 50 Year: 2023 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2023.2281085 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2023.2281085 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:50:y:2023:i:177-178:p:402-420 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2293352_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Leo Zeilig Author-X-Name-First: Leo Author-X-Name-Last: Zeilig Author-Name: Chinedu Chukwudinma Author-X-Name-First: Chinedu Author-X-Name-Last: Chukwudinma Author-Name: Ben Radley Author-X-Name-First: Ben Author-X-Name-Last: Radley Title: Connecting people and voices for radical change in Africa Abstract: In this section of the journal, we aim to give readers of the print journal a picture of what has been published on Roape.net over the last few months, and invite you to connect and follow the articles, blogposts, authors and debates online. Details of all the blogposts referred to here are in the reference list at the end. We warmly invite all our readers to sign up to the Roape.net newsletter and WhatsApp service at the top of the home page of the website. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 516-519 Issue: 177-178 Volume: 50 Year: 2023 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2023.2293352 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2023.2293352 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:50:y:2023:i:177-178:p:516-519 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2260206_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Tobias Kalt Author-X-Name-First: Tobias Author-X-Name-Last: Kalt Author-Name: Jenny Simon Author-X-Name-First: Jenny Author-X-Name-Last: Simon Author-Name: Johanna Tunn Author-X-Name-First: Johanna Author-X-Name-Last: Tunn Author-Name: Jesko Hennig Author-X-Name-First: Jesko Author-X-Name-Last: Hennig Title: Between green extractivism and energy justice: competing strategies in South Africa’s hydrogen transition in the context of climate crisis Abstract: The global race for green hydrogen is not just about decarbonisation, but also about power and profit. Examining the formation of a political project around an emerging hydrogen economy in South Africa, this article shows that a hydrogen transition is fundamentally contested. Employing (neo-)Gramscian hegemony theory and historical materialist policy analysis, it delineates four competing hydrogen initiatives in the policy debate: green extractivism, green developmentalism, fossilism and energy justice. The findings indicate the dominance of green extractivism, which prioritises the export of green hydrogen to Europe and reproduces patterns of neocolonialism and unequal ecological exchange. Contestations arise both from reactionary forces clinging to fossil fuels as well as from initiatives pursuing justice-centred transitions through green developmentalism and energy justice. This study contributes to the debate on justice in the global energy transition by highlighting alternative transition pathways in the global South that challenge green extractivism through sovereign industrial development and energy justice. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 302-321 Issue: 177-178 Volume: 50 Year: 2023 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2023.2260206 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2023.2260206 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:50:y:2023:i:177-178:p:302-321 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2261276_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Ruy Llera Blanes Author-X-Name-First: Ruy Llera Author-X-Name-Last: Blanes Title: Fatal architectures and death by design: the infrastructures of state-sponsored climate disasters in Angola and Mozambique Abstract: This article addresses how African states respond to climate crisis, arguing that, beyond the agency and impact of climate phenomena such as drought and cyclones, they are active participants in the production of climate disasters and emergencies, mostly through infrastructural processes that affect land and resource use, and subsequently livelihoods. To demonstrate this, it uses the cases of the drought in southwestern Angola and cyclones in northern and central Mozambique, where such climate phenomena have exposed ‘fatal architectures’ that have dramatically raised the toll of climate victims and refugees. Both extractivist, agro-industrial and hydroelectric projects, as well as other, more deferred infrastructural designs (roads, communication networks, etc.) have challenged the traditional agency and resilience of local communities. Such new infrastructural projects also illustrate how certain perceived long-term solutions to address the climate crisis with industrial and energy reconversion towards greener energies can still become fatal architectures in the context of climate emergencies. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 460-474 Issue: 177-178 Volume: 50 Year: 2023 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2023.2261276 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2023.2261276 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:50:y:2023:i:177-178:p:460-474 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2286080_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Rocío Hiraldo Author-X-Name-First: Rocío Author-X-Name-Last: Hiraldo Author-Name: Steffen Böhm Author-X-Name-First: Steffen Author-X-Name-Last: Böhm Title: Conservation, peasants and class: critical reflections on the political economy of climate change strategies in West Senegal Abstract: Environmental conservation has become a key climate mitigation strategy in the last two decades. Through the multiplication of ‘conservation’ projects, Africa is one of the main centres of this kind of intervention. While scholars have shown conservation to be a vehicle for the advancement of capitalist interests, scarce attention has been paid to agrarian labour and class dynamics in the African countryside sustaining this development. Drawing on the authors’ research in West Senegal, this article develops a conceptual framework for integrating class and peasant labour in the study of capitalist conservation. It shows how conservation-related climate mitigation strategies in Africa nurture and are nurtured by neoliberal and imperialist processes of agrarian change, reinforcing the economic and political vulnerability of African peasants. Alternative, anti-imperial climate change mitigation strategies need to be centred around peasant environmentalisms and their liberation from labour oppression. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 421-438 Issue: 177-178 Volume: 50 Year: 2023 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2023.2286080 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2023.2286080 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:50:y:2023:i:177-178:p:421-438 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2261256_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Jason C. Mueller Author-X-Name-First: Jason C. Author-X-Name-Last: Mueller Title: Climate change, counter-terrorism and capitalist development in Somalia Abstract: Somalia is often referred to as a ‘failed state’. In addition to ineffective governance, feeble economic development, and a large anti-government insurgency, it faces increasingly severe climate change-induced devastation. This article offers a critical discussion of the role of capitalist interests and ideology as a factor in the climate crisis. It explores interlocking issues of (1) the relationship between the ruling political class of Somalia and capitalist mining interests; (2) the largely covert US-backed ‘war on terror’ in Somalia; and (3) the ongoing, capitalism-induced climate crisis. The article analyses current US and Somali proposals to address these issues. Many of these proposals remain trapped in the politico-ideological deadlock of capitalist developmentalism, oriented towards fossil fuel extraction and militarised accumulation. The trajectory of this current path in Somalia is leading to immiseration, oppression, displacement for millions of people, and the destruction of an already deteriorating environment. Alternative paths to avert these catastrophes require transnational solidarity, cooperation and assistance. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 340-354 Issue: 177-178 Volume: 50 Year: 2023 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2023.2261256 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2023.2261256 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:50:y:2023:i:177-178:p:340-354 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2294658_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Volume Index Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 520-524 Issue: 177-178 Volume: 50 Year: 2023 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2023.2294658 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2023.2294658 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:50:y:2023:i:177-178:p:520-524 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2283988_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Peter Gardner Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Gardner Author-Name: Olalekan Adekola Author-X-Name-First: Olalekan Author-X-Name-Last: Adekola Author-Name: Tiago Carvalho Author-X-Name-First: Tiago Author-X-Name-Last: Carvalho Author-Name: Thomas O’Brien Author-X-Name-First: Thomas Author-X-Name-Last: O’Brien Title: Confronting the climate crisis in Africa: just transitions and Extinction Rebellion in Nigeria and South Africa Abstract: Climate change is having increasing impacts on the social, economic and political space across the African continent. The compounding character of such impacts reinforces existing inequalities, raising important considerations around climate justice. Growing awareness has seen the emergence of activists working for solutions and promoting alternative futures, working across scales and sectors to address the complexity of the threats. This article examines environmental activism in Nigeria and South Africa, exploring strategies and claims, and how these are rooted in questions of justice. While environmental movements in Nigeria have generally worked to encourage reform and adaption within the existing political economic system, a more systemic critique and need for fundamental change is observable in South Africa. Drawing on a comparison of Extinction Rebellion in both countries, we argue that understandings of just transitions should take into consideration the unequal abilities of social movements to call for radically transformative and just decarbonisation. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 475-490 Issue: 177-178 Volume: 50 Year: 2023 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2023.2283988 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2023.2283988 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:50:y:2023:i:177-178:p:475-490 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2293607_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Susana Moreno-Maestro Author-X-Name-First: Susana Author-X-Name-Last: Moreno-Maestro Title: Autonomous projects in the face of the global fishing market: women fish processors in Senegal in a context of climate emergency Abstract: This article aims to analyse the difficult relationship between the needs of the Senegalese state to obtain economic compensation for the over-exploitation of natural resources, the right to food sovereignty of the local population, and the survival of the environment. It focuses on the fisheries agreements signed by Senegal with the European Union (EU) and how these have an impact on the conditions of people who make a living from the sector, analysing the situation and the self-organising of women involved in fish processing, an activity that sustains their autonomy and their ongoing reproduction as a collective. Declared goals of sustainable fishing in the latest protocol implementing the EU–Senegal Fisheries Agreement (2019–2024) are at odds with the actual over-exploitation of the marine environment. The commitment expressed in Article 2 of the agreement to ‘promote sustainable fishing and protect marine biodiversity’ contrasts with the lived experiences of women fish processors, expressed in denunciations of campaigns such as Greenpeace Afrique’s AnaSamaJën (where is my fish?). Based on the assumption that overfishing is a form of extractivism that undermines food sovereignty and the sustainability of local societies, this article first analyses the agreements signed between Senegal and the EU, including their clear anthropocentric ontology (Escobar 2017) and discusses how the state takes up the financial, environmental and food challenges posed by climate change. The second part, based on fieldwork and interviews with women fish processors and other actors in the sector, shows how these international agreements affect their economic and social conditions as well as their resistance, where social struggles and environmental thinking are linked. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 388-401 Issue: 177-178 Volume: 50 Year: 2023 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2023.2293607 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2023.2293607 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:50:y:2023:i:177-178:p:388-401 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2293419_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Lee Wengraf Author-X-Name-First: Lee Author-X-Name-Last: Wengraf Author-Name: Janet Bujra Author-X-Name-First: Janet Author-X-Name-Last: Bujra Author-Name: Chanda Mfula Author-X-Name-First: Chanda Author-X-Name-Last: Mfula Author-Name: Elisa Greco Author-X-Name-First: Elisa Author-X-Name-Last: Greco Author-Name: Ray Bush Author-X-Name-First: Ray Author-X-Name-Last: Bush Title: The climate emergency in Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 295-301 Issue: 177-178 Volume: 50 Year: 2023 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2023.2293419 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2023.2293419 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:50:y:2023:i:177-178:p:295-301 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2293368_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Nnimmo Bassey Author-X-Name-First: Nnimmo Author-X-Name-Last: Bassey Author-Name: Lee Wengraf Author-X-Name-First: Lee Author-X-Name-Last: Wengraf Title: An interview with Nnimmo Bassey: Business as usual and false solutions – ‘we must claim climate justice spaces for ourselves’ Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 502-504 Issue: 177-178 Volume: 50 Year: 2023 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2023.2293368 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2023.2293368 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:50:y:2023:i:177-178:p:502-504 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2293355_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Elia Apostolopoulou Author-X-Name-First: Elia Author-X-Name-Last: Apostolopoulou Title: Dismantling green colonialism: energy and climate justice in the Arab region Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 513-515 Issue: 177-178 Volume: 50 Year: 2023 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2023.2293355 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2023.2293355 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:50:y:2023:i:177-178:p:513-515 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2277616_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Ben Radley Author-X-Name-First: Ben Author-X-Name-Last: Radley Title: Green imperialism, sovereignty, and the quest for national development in the Congo Abstract: This article deploys the term ‘green imperialism’ to denote the specificities of contemporary imperialism within the context of the hoped-for global transition towards low-carbon capitalist economies and societies in the coming decades. The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) provides a modern exemplar of green imperialist dynamics in action. Hegemonic powers are seeking to position the Congolese economy as an exporter of low-cost, low-carbon metals and an open market for the entry of renewable energy finance and technologies. To date, the political response to green imperialism in the DRC has reproduced a model of mining-led national development that historically has delivered little by way of material improvements for most of the population, thus undermining the prospects of prosperity in the country. Albeit this time around there is the possibility of expanded access for some to renewable forms of energy as a foreign-owned private commodity, with all the limitations and contradictions this new model of energy delivery entails. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 322-339 Issue: 177-178 Volume: 50 Year: 2023 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2023.2277616 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2023.2277616 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:50:y:2023:i:177-178:p:322-339 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2287880_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Isaac ‘Asume’ Osuoka Author-X-Name-First: Isaac Author-X-Name-Last: ‘Asume’ Osuoka Title: Politics of turbulent waters: reflections on ecological, environmental and climate crises in Africa Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 505-509 Issue: 177-178 Volume: 50 Year: 2023 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2023.2287880 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2023.2287880 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:50:y:2023:i:177-178:p:505-509 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: CREA_A_2278953_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Alex Lenferna Author-X-Name-First: Alex Author-X-Name-Last: Lenferna Title: South Africa’s unjust climate reparations: a critique of the Just Energy Transition Partnership Abstract: This briefing critically discusses the moral question of whether South Africa deserves climate reparations. It examines the deeply unequal and polluting nature of the South African economy in order to demonstrate how claims from South Africa for climate finance and reparations are morally complex and fraught. For South Africa’s claims for climate reparations and finance to be justified, the article proposes two conditions. First, that South Africa act in line with its fair share of global climate action. Second, that climate finance must help to transform South Africa’s deeply unjust society and bring benefits not to the rich elite, who themselves owe climate reparations, but to the majority, especially the poor, Black and working class.Applying these two principles, the briefing asks whether the Just Energy Transition (JET) Partnership and the accompanying Investment Plan announced by President Cyril Ramaphosa meet those conditions. It argues that they potentially fail to meet both. The piece also warns that global South countries must be critical of JET Partnership funding models, as they may be used as tools to entrench the interests of international financiers who seek to dominate the clean energy future. To counteract such a possibility, climate justice movements should work to ensure that climate finance is a true fulfilment of climate debt owed to the global South, which works to ensure meaningful social, economic and ecological justice.The author writes this piece not just from an academic perspective as a postdoctoral research fellow. He also writes it from his perspective as the elected General Secretary of the South African Climate Justice Coalition – a coalition of over 50 trade union, grassroots, community-based and non-profit organisations working together to advance a transformative climate justice agenda. In his role as general secretary, he has engaged with coalition member organisations and worked to build a shared and critical activist agenda towards both the JET Partnership and the South African government’s response to the climate crisis more generally. Journal: Review of African Political Economy Pages: 491-501 Issue: 177-178 Volume: 50 Year: 2023 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2023.2278953 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03056244.2023.2278953 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:revape:v:50:y:2023:i:177-178:p:491-501