Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: S. C. Wirasinghe 
Author-X-Name-First: S. C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wirasinghe 
Author-Name: L. Kattan 
Author-X-Name-First: L. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kattan 
Author-Name: M. M. Rahman 
Author-X-Name-First: M. M. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rahman 
Author-Name: J. Hubbell 
Author-X-Name-First: J. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hubbell 
Author-Name: R. Thilakaratne 
Author-X-Name-First: R. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Thilakaratne 
Author-Name: S. Anowar 
Author-X-Name-First: S. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Anowar 
Title: Bus rapid transit - a review 
Abstract:
	      Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) has been demonstrated to provide
 efficient and effective public transport that can even increase transit
 ridership and attractiveness within defined urban corridors in both
 developing and developed countries. The merit of the BRT system lies in
 its ability to provide a high quality public transit service with limited
 infrastructure and at a relatively low capital and operating cost. In this
 paper an attempt is made to review BRT characteristics in some detail. An
 overview of the elements of BRT systems: the running ways, vehicles,
 stations, as well as operational control, fare collection and passenger
 information systems is presented. This paper also discusses how these
 elements allows BRT services to achieve the speed, capacity, reliability,
 accessibility and operational safety characteristics that distinguishes
 such systems from regular express bus services. Each built BRT system is
 unique and depends on how these basic elements are designed and
 integrated. Environmental, social and economic impacts, users' perception
 and modal shift towards BRT have also been critically reviewed. With the
 presence of local land use and transport policies that support
 high-density and mixed developments, BRT has been found to attract
 potential developments around stations and along its corridor, increasing
 land values and promoting sustainable development. As reported in the
 literature, the infrastructure costs vary greatly depending on the costs
 of land acquisition, station design, degree of separation from traffic,
 technological features and material, labor costs. Thus, BRT capital costs
 cannot be generalized and must be transferred carefully based on the
 changes of the input costs that vary from one place to another. The
 barriers to BRT that block the achievement of significant success in
 customer satisfaction and ridership gains are mentioned with specific case
 studies. The review of BRT indicates that in some cases it has similar
 performance to higher order public transit; however, it still has its
 unique characteristics that set it apart.	    
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 1-31 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2013.777514 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2013.777514 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:17:y:2013:i:1:p:1-31




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Seong-Kyu Ha 
Author-X-Name-First: Seong-Kyu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ha 
Title: Housing markets and government intervention in East Asian countries 
Abstract:
	      Housing has a number of distinctive characteristics, which
 means that the market does not work in the smooth functioning way that is
 claimed for other goods, and so produces neither an optimal level of
 output, nor an equitable distribution of that output. The rationale for
 government intervention in the housing market in many countries has
 generated a lengthy debate on the relationships between economic and
 political structures, and the established housing system. If so, how have
 governments played their role in the housing market? And more
 specifically, why does the state intervene? In this study, we focus on
 Confucian states, including China, Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong, and
 Taiwan. Government intervention in the housing market is mainly due to the
 minimal 'bottom up' practice of the housing policy tradition in most East
 Asian countries. We could see some convergence, as the East Asian
 countries move towards a property-owning model, by addressing the new
 forms of inequality generated by the emphasis on an individual
 homeownership-biased housing policy, and government intervention.	    
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 32-45 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2013.777513 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2013.777513 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:17:y:2013:i:1:p:32-45




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shih-Kung Lai 
Author-X-Name-First: Shih-Kung 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lai 
Author-Name: Haoying Han 
Author-X-Name-First: Haoying 
Author-X-Name-Last: Han 
Author-Name: Po-Chien Ko 
Author-X-Name-First: Po-Chien 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ko 
Title: Are cities dissipative structures? 
Abstract:
	      The new emergent paradigm of urban development theory that is
 based on complexity sciences allows us to understand and analyse cities in
 a new way. Theoretically, complexity sciences enable us to depict the
 fundamental characteristics of urban development, including nonlinearity,
 self-organization, and emergence. Empirically, the agent-based modelling
 (ABM) approach can help us to conduct simulations of complex systems,
 including cities, in an effective way. In the present paper, we
 demonstrate a computer simulation of urban growth based on the spatial
 garbage can model represented in an ABM framework. In the simulation, we
 treated the city as an open system in that the fundamental elements of the
 system flow in and out of the system over time. We then computed over time
 the levels of entropy as a measurement of the degree of structural order
 of the systems, namely, decision and spatial structures. The results
 showed that these entropies decreased over time, indicating that the city
 self-organizes itself reminiscent of a dissipative structure.		
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 46-55 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2013.766504 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2013.766504 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:17:y:2013:i:1:p:46-55




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lee Seok-Hee 
Author-X-Name-First: Lee 
Author-X-Name-Last: Seok-Hee 
Author-Name: Kang Myoung-Gu 
Author-X-Name-First: Kang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Myoung-Gu 
Title: A study on simultaneous centralized and decentralized urban growth 
Abstract:
	      Korea, a nation whose development is led by the state, has
 industrialized through the growth pole strategy intent on creating the
 raindrop effect. This effect was continuously expected throughout the
 selection and concentration method, and the concentration of population to
 growth pole has continued. However, from a mathematical view, the
 distribution of cities by Zipf's law shows that it changed from a
 concentrated pattern in some cities to a dispersed pattern. In other
 words, the growth of the cities and regions went through the process of
 centralization or decentralization based on the effects of the
 agglomeration economy. Therefore, in the economic growth of these Korean
 cities, this research tried to multilaterally analyse the dispute between
 centralization and decentralization of urban growth. The research results
 are as follows. First, the distribution of cities was decentralized from a
 mathematical view, but centralized from a spatial view. Second, the
 distribution of greater economic areas (GEAs) maintained a concentrated
 pattern from mathematical and spatial views. Last, the mathematical
 distribution of all cities intra-GEA was decentralized. So, both the
 centralization and decentralization processes of growth occurred in the
 cities at the same time.	   
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 56-70 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2013.766503 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2013.766503 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:17:y:2013:i:1:p:56-70




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Abhijit Paul 
Author-X-Name-First: Abhijit 
Author-X-Name-Last: Paul 
Title: A syntactic approach to identifying land-use influence on vehicular movement: the case of Lubbock 
Abstract:
	      The theory of unit-segment analysis has shown high competency
 in modeling vehicular movement networks only by using roadway
 accessibility embedded in urban morphology. Despite this advancement in
 space-syntax transportation research, some of the findings of the
 unit-segment analysis, at the theoretical level, have remained
 controversial especially in the academic community. One such controversy
 is the absence of land-use consideration in the analysis model. That is,
 how is it possible for a unit-segment analysis to predict urban vehicular
 movement with high accuracy when the analysis model does not even consider
 traffic information generated by various urban land uses? This study shows
 that unit-segment analysis, like other syntax models, is also capable of
 capturing land-use influence on vehicular movement. By using the case of
 Lubbock, a typical North American city in West Texas, the study produces
 extensive empirical evidence explaining that the land-use typology and
 development density of the city are the two key parameters that influence
 city traffic. Conclusions suggest that the accuracy in modeling urban
 vehicular movement networks with space syntax is expected to improve even
 further if these two parameters are introduced into the unit-segment
 analysis model.	  
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 71-84 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2013.766500 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2013.766500 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:17:y:2013:i:1:p:71-84




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Do-Gyeong Kim 
Author-X-Name-First: Do-Gyeong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim 
Author-Name: Yuhwa Lee 
Author-X-Name-First: Yuhwa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee 
Title: Modelling crash frequencies at signalized intersections with a truncated count data model 
Abstract:
	      Modelling crash frequencies provides comprehensive insights
 into the safety effects of explanatory variables contributing to crash
 occurrence, and thus a variety of modelling techniques have been employed
 depending on what variable is of interest. Since accident frequencies are
 count data which are discrete and non-negative integers, Poisson and
 negative binomial regression models are used to fit count data with the
 entire distribution of counts. However, some of the crash counts might be
 omitted from a sample due to the limits of observability, hence resulting
 in the truncation of the sample. Without accounting for truncation, the
 parameters estimated will be biased and inconsistent, and thus careful
 attention should be paid to the estimation of count data models when a
 truncation problem exists. This paper describes the development of a
 truncated Poisson model with zero-truncated count data and the
 demonstration of differences in estimation results by comparing the
 results from truncated and untruncated Poisson models with truncated data.
 The major difference in estimation results is that significant factors
 included in the both models are not exactly the same. However, it is found
 that there is no difference in the directions of associations with safety
 of the significant variables included in the both models.	    
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 85-94 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2013.774702 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2013.774702 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:17:y:2013:i:1:p:85-94




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wybe Kuitert 
Author-X-Name-First: Wybe 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kuitert 
Title: The nature of urban Seoul: potential vegetation derived from the soil map 
Abstract:
	      This paper integrates the soil map of Seoul with data on
 vegetation research. Using data on topography, the existing soil map is
 re-interpreted discerning three landscape types: mountains, foothills and
 valleys, and river plains. For each of these, potential developments for
 plant life are distilled from existing research on plant communities.
 Hypothetical plant life is proposed as a potential that belongs to one of
 the assigned, natural landscape types of Seoul. The purpose of this
 research is to reach at a more conceptual idea of the natural landscape of
 urban Seoul. By indicating potentials rather than documenting the existing
 situation, it can play a role in future visions of planning and
 management. In an integrative approach, hard scientific data are made
 practical for the soft perspective of planning policy measures and
 aesthetics of design.		
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 95-108 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2013.766505 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2013.766505 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:17:y:2013:i:1:p:95-108




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Daehyon Kim 
Author-X-Name-First: Daehyon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim 
Title: Freeway automatic incident detection using learning models - backpropagation, SVM and FuzzyARTMAP 
Abstract:
	      The cost of delays caused by incidents is significant and a
 traffic management center needs to quickly detect and remove them from the
 freeway to reduce the impact of an incident. A study on quick and
 efficient automatic incident detection has been an important field of
 transportation research and many algorithms based on loop detector data
 have been developed for automatic incident detection on freeways. However,
 several simple and familiar algorithms, such as the California algorithms,
 the McMaster algorithm, and the Minnesota algorithm, have had limited
 success in their overall performance in terms of detection rate, false
 alarm rate, and mean time to detect an incident. Recently, detection
 algorithms based on the neural network models are known as the one of the
 most popular and efficient approaches for real-time automatic incident
 detection. Moreover, many researchers have shown that the neural network
 models were much more efficient than various other previous models.
 However, various types of neural network models and learning mechanisms
 have been developed and it is an important task to choose the best model
 in order to achieve the best performance in automatic incident detection.
 In a previous study, support vector machine (SVM), which is based on
 statistical learning theory, has been shown to be more efficient than
 Backpropagation algorithm, easily the most useful and popular neural
 network. In this paper, FuzzyARTMAP, which is a combination of fuzzy logic
 and adaptive resonance theory, has been used for automatic incident
 detection. Experiments have been carried out using real world freeway
 incident and incident-free data collected on freeway segments located in
 Seoul, Korea. A comparative study with three models, Backpropagation, SVM,
 and FuzzyARTMAP, has been conducted to assess the incident detection
 performance in terms of detection rate and false alarm rate. Experimental
 results in this study showed that FuzzyARTMAP might provide better
 performance than the Backpropagation and SVM models for automatic incident
 detection.	     
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 109-116 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2013.766502 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2013.766502 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:17:y:2013:i:1:p:109-116




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Amit Kumar 
Author-X-Name-First: Amit 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kumar 
Author-Name: Arvind Chandra Pandey 
Author-X-Name-First: Arvind Chandra 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pandey 
Title: Spatio-temporal assessment of urban environmental conditions in Ranchi Township, India using remote sensing and Geographical Information System techniques 
Abstract:
	      The present study investigates the status of the urban
 environment in Ranchi, a rapidly growing city in the eastern part of
 India. The various environmental indicators viz., ambient air quality,
 aerosol concentration, ambient noise level and urban green space were
 analysed in a spatio-temporal framework by employing geoinformatics. The
 ambient air quality measurement indicates a high concentration of
 Suspended Particulate Matter (>300 μ g/m-super-3) and Respirable
 Suspended Particulate Matter (>200 μ g/m-super-3), as well as low level
 concentrations of sulphur dioxide (>60 μ g/m-super-3) and nitrogen
 dioxide (>60 μ g/m-super-3) in Ranchi Township. The concentration of
 ambient air pollutants was significantly higher in Ranchi as compared to
 other major urban centres of Jharkhand. The spatial distribution of
 aerosol optical depth (AOD) indicated variation with high concentrations
 at transportation junctions (0.30-0.35% at 340 nm) and road junctions
 (>0.30% at 340 nm), and low concentrations (>0.22% at 340 nm) at planned
 residential areas. The AOD concentration in Ranchi was lower (>0.35% at
 340 nm) compared to the Patratu coal mining-cum-industrial region (>0.8%
 at 340 nm). The majority of the locations in Ranchi exhibited ambient
 noise levels above the prescribed limits with an increasing trend from
 2005 to 2010. The core urban area was the noisier one (>65 dB(A)) when
 compared to the peripheral areas in the city. The spatial assessment of
 urban green space derived from WorldView-II satellite data indicated the
 existence of adequate green spaces (12.7%) within Ranchi Township,
 although urban cores are largely devoid of green space due to dense
 built-up land. The study exhibited that vegetation significantly
 contributes in noise attenuation and a reduction in aerosol concentration. 
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 117-141 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2013.766501 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2013.766501 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:17:y:2013:i:1:p:117-141




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: So-Hyun Park 
Author-X-Name-First: So-Hyun 
Author-X-Name-Last: Park 
Author-Name: Jun-Hyung Kim 
Author-X-Name-First: Jun-Hyung 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim 
Author-Name: Yee-Myung Choi 
Author-X-Name-First: Yee-Myung 
Author-X-Name-Last: Choi 
Author-Name: Han-Lim Seo 
Author-X-Name-First: Han-Lim 
Author-X-Name-Last: Seo 
Title: Design elements to improve pleasantness, vitality, safety, and complexity of the pedestrian environment: evidence from a Korean neighbourhood walkability case study 
Abstract:
	      The relationship between walking and the built environment
 has attracted the attention of many researchers. It is commonly recognized
 that a more walkable environment enhances walking activities. Although
 numerous empirical studies have supported that certain design elements
 have statistically significant effects on walking, many have
 methodological limitations due to the assumption that the relationship
 between walking and the built environment is a one-to-one, direct
 correspondence. To supplement these limitations, this paper embraces a
 'perception' step in the decision-making process of walking, where
 perception is not determined by one design element, but by the integration
 of several elements. Acknowledging four perceptional factors, this paper
 draws certain design elements of 'pleasantness', 'vitality', 'unsafety',
 and 'complexity' in residential neighbourhoods. Residents in four
 neighbourhoods completed a questionnaire, from which the following five
 additional design factors were extracted using factor analysis: sidewalk
 difficulty, crosswalk difficulty, well-ordered street furniture, poor
 building design and management, and various walking destinations. The
 regression analysis indicated that the design factors had statistically
 significant effects on the four perception factors, which substantiated
 this paper's hypothesis that walking activities are generated by the
 combination of several environmental elements, rather than a single
 attribute. The key study finding is that appropriate design factors are
 necessary to enhance a certain perception factor: designing and managing
 street furniture and street buildings induce a high level of pleasantness
 and vitality. The feeling of unsafety and complexity is mainly driven from
 the sidewalk and crosswalk difficulty. We expect that the results of this
 paper will contribute to formulating future guidelines in planning for
 more walkable neighbourhoods.		
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 142-160 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2013.776283 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2013.776283 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:17:y:2013:i:1:p:142-160




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: S. C. Wirasinghe 
Author-X-Name-First: S. C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wirasinghe 
Title: Editorial 
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 161-162 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2013 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2013.776290 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2013.776290 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:17:y:2013:i:2:p:161-162




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Babak Mehran 
Author-X-Name-First: Babak 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mehran 
Author-Name: Masao Kuwahara 
Author-X-Name-First: Masao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kuwahara 
Title: Fusion of probe and fixed sensor data for short-term traffic prediction in urban signalized arterials 
Abstract:
	      A data fusion framework is proposed to predict vehicle
 trajectories in urban signalized arterials. Recent advancements in data
 collection techniques and availability of traffic data from fixed and
 probe sensors suggest data fusion-based models as an alternative approach
 for traffic prediction. Yet, majority of the existing data fusion
 approaches are based on statistical models without considerations for
 traffic engineering principles. In addition, existing approaches do not
 use probe trajectory data efficiently. The proposed framework in this
 research is based on the kinematic wave theory and is capable of fully
 utilizing the probe trajectory data to reconstruct the trajectories of the
 other vehicles within a 'prediction window'. The data fusion framework
 combines real-time and historical traffic data to predict future traffic
 patterns at upstream and downstream boundaries. The modelling approach is
 based on the kinematic wave theory and applies the variational theory as
 the solution method. Predicted traffic patterns are used to set the
 boundary conditions in the solution domain and probe trajectories are used
 to set additional boundary conditions. Given the boundary conditions, a
 dynamic programming approach is applied to reconstruct vehicle
 trajectories within the prediction window. The performance of the proposed
 framework is evaluated by using real-world traffic data, and possible
 directions for improving the accuracy of the model are discussed.	    
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 163-183 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2013 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2013.776291 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2013.776291 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:17:y:2013:i:2:p:163-183




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wai Yuen Szeto 
Author-X-Name-First: Wai Yuen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Szeto 
Author-Name: Ryan Cheuk Pong Wong 
Author-X-Name-First: Ryan Cheuk Pong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wong 
Author-Name: Sze Chun Wong 
Author-X-Name-First: Sze Chun 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wong 
Author-Name: Hai Yang 
Author-X-Name-First: Hai 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yang 
Title: A time-dependent logit-based taxi customer-search model 
Abstract:
	      In this study, global positioning system data from 460 urban
 taxis are used to develop a time-dependent logit model. The rate of return
 (ROR, also known as profit per unit time) is used as a factor underlying
 taxi drivers' searching behaviour for customers. The data also reveal that
 the search behaviour across districts as well as the decisions towards a
 particular district in customer-search is strongly related to the daily
 profile of passenger demand, and that when the overall passenger demand is
 high, vacant taxi drivers tend to circulate within or wait at the area
 where their preceding customers got off to find their next customer. The
 results also show that the ROR is a significant factor that affects the
 customer-searching strategies of vacant taxi drivers over a day, and is
 inversely related to the percentage of taxi idling time. More importantly,
 this paper illustrates that there is a change in searching behaviour over
 time of day.	       
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 184-198 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2013 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2013.776292 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2013.776292 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:17:y:2013:i:2:p:184-198




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Upali Vandebona 
Author-X-Name-First: Upali 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vandebona 
Author-Name: Hiroshi Tsukaguchi 
Author-X-Name-First: Hiroshi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tsukaguchi 
Title: Impact of urbanization on user expectations related to public transport accessibility 
Abstract:
	      An analysis of experience and expectations of urban residents
 towards accessibility to public transport systems from a number of cities
 at varying levels of urbanization is presented. A framework suitable to
 investigate differences of walking time to public transport facilities was
 initially established. It is then demonstrated that there is a
 relationship between the level of service of accessibility to public
 transport systems in a given urban area and expectations of its residents.
 Access to bus stops as well as railway stations has been considered. The
 paper provides a framework for planners to identify the perceived value of
 improvements to accessibility by accounting for the difference between the
 improvement of a physical measure of accessibility and the increased level
 of expectation of the subject community. The analysis has shown that it is
 important to keep the walking time for access to public transport systems
 below a specific value to ensure that the level of service associated with
 accessibility is within community expectations.	  
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 199-211 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2013 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2013.776293 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2013.776293 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:17:y:2013:i:2:p:199-211




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Amal S. Kumarage 
Author-X-Name-First: Amal S. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kumarage 
Author-Name: Janaka Weerawardana 
Author-X-Name-First: Janaka 
Author-X-Name-Last: Weerawardana 
Title: System cost-based multi-criteria analysis for urban transport solutions 
Abstract:
	      Solutions for urban transport problems tend to be
 mode-specific interventions. These could be improvements to an existing
 mode or the introduction of a new mode. In undertaking the feasibility
 study of such interventions, it is usual to consider the costs with
 benefits to users of that mode of transport only. However, the impact of
 change in one mode, on the demand and the supply of another mode and
 indeed on the entire urban transport system is often overlooked due to the
 complexity involved in understanding and computing such effects. This
 paper investigates the impact of an urban transport intervention in terms
 of the contribution it makes to the total economic cost of the transport
 system measured in terms of user time costs and vehicle use cost of all
 modes in the transport network of the urban area. This allows the
 evaluation of the economic impact of highway projects on public transport
 operations and vice versa, as well as one public transport project on
 another. The economic assessment of an intervention is made using
 benefits-cost analysis (BCA) by comparing its investment cost over the
 design life with the resulting system benefit which is considered as the
 value of the net reduction in total transport system cost. Two
 supplementary measures of environmental affability and user attraction are
 used as criteria for extending economic BCA to incorporate
 non-quantifiable parameters using multi-criteria analysis. The application
 of this methodology has been illustrated with a case study of the Galle
 Road Corridor in Colombo, Sri Lanka.	       
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 212-225 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2013 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2013.776285 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2013.776285 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:17:y:2013:i:2:p:212-225




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alexandre G. de Barros 
Author-X-Name-First: Alexandre G. 
Author-X-Name-Last: de Barros 
Title: Sustainable integration of airports into urban planning - a review 
Abstract:
	      Traditional airport planning and design considers the airport
 as an isolated entity accessed by aircraft and passengers. However,
 airports are rarely the final destination of air passengers - these have a
 need to access the airport from a widely distributed set of
 origins/destinations. The surface portion of air trips has a significant
 impact on the urban transportation system. In addition, airports also
 affect the land use in their vicinities due both to the noise generated by
 low-flying aircraft and the need to protect the airspace used by those
 some aircraft from obstacles protruding from the ground. This article
 reviews the most important issues associated with integrating airports
 into the urban environment in a sustainable manner.	      
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 226-238 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2013 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2013.776286 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2013.776286 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:17:y:2013:i:2:p:226-238




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Avishai (Avi) Ceder 
Author-X-Name-First: Avishai (Avi) 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ceder 
Author-Name: Stephan Hassold 
Author-X-Name-First: Stephan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hassold 
Author-Name: Christopher Dunlop 
Author-X-Name-First: Christopher 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dunlop 
Author-Name: Iris Chen 
Author-X-Name-First: Iris 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen 
Title: Improving urban public transport service using new timetabling strategies with different vehicle sizes 
Abstract:
	      This paper deals with the creation of bus timetables using
 different vehicle sizes. The need for the development of new bus
 timetables for public transport (PT) stems from the current reliability
 and efficiency problems that current bus services are facing. These issues
 arise from the fact that timetables are designed mainly with even
 headways; however, it is also possible to design timetables with even
 passenger loads on the vehicles at the maximum load points, but with
 uneven headways. This paper hopes to bridge the two strategies together
 through the use of the incorporation of a mixed fleet size, running in
 conjunction. The timetables were constructed using two key concepts;
 assigning capacity and shifting departure times. The methodology for the
 creation of timetables was applied to a real-life example from Auckland,
 New Zealand. The results of the timetable are promising, validating the
 methodology of the model. The new timetables lead to a reduction in both
 passenger waiting time (user perspective) and empty seat time (operator
 perspective), with only a marginal increase in passenger standee time. The
 implementation of a mixed fleet of different vehicle sizes shows to be a
 promising way for achieving both an even headway and an even loading.	    
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 239-258 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2013 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2013.776287 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2013.776287 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:17:y:2013:i:2:p:239-258




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joydip Majumder 
Author-X-Name-First: Joydip 
Author-X-Name-Last: Majumder 
Author-Name: Lina Kattan 
Author-X-Name-First: Lina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kattan 
Author-Name: Khandkar Nurul Habib 
Author-X-Name-First: Khandkar Nurul 
Author-X-Name-Last: Habib 
Author-Name: Tak Shing Fung 
Author-X-Name-First: Tak Shing 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fung 
Title: Modelling traveller response to variable message sign 
Abstract:
	      Rapid traffic growth in Calgary has put increased pressure in
 city's roadway network, especially on Deerfoot Trail which provides a fast
 access to north-south potion of the city. The city disseminates traffic
 information in Deerfoot through variable message sign (VMS) in case of
 major delays and usually diverts traffic to alternate parallel arterials.
 However, the reroute tendency of travellers significantly affects the
 diversion pattern at the VMS locations and this research targets the
 frequent users of Deerfoot Trail and investigates their rerouting tendency
 in light of important trip attributes drivers might associate with their
 trips. A total of 471 responses are collected from frequent users of
 Deerfoot Trail through a questionnaire survey and the analysis is focused
 on developing a relationship between reroute tendency and a set of
 explanatory variables, using generalized ordered logit (GOLOGIT) model and
 partially generalized regression models. The results have led to the
 conclusion that in addition to various socio-economic attributes, network
 familiarity and information access characteristics; trip characteristics
 also possess significant influences in rerouting decision-making. The
 study also proposes several implications for better design and operation
 of advanced traveller information systems and future effort on model
 estimation in light of the finding of the study.	   
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 259-280 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2013 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2013.776288 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2013.776288 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:17:y:2013:i:2:p:259-280




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard Tay 
Author-X-Name-First: Richard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tay 
Author-Name: Abul Azad 
Author-X-Name-First: Abul 
Author-X-Name-Last: Azad 
Author-Name: S. C. (Chan) Wirasinghe 
Author-X-Name-First: S. C. (Chan) 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wirasinghe 
Author-Name: Stephen Hansen 
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hansen 
Title: Analysis of the influence of urban rail stations on neighbourhood crime 
Abstract:
	      Public transportation is an important service that is
 provided in most urban areas and has the general support of communities.
 However, the location of transit stations has generated much concern in
 related neighbourhoods because of their perceived link to crimes. In this
 study, observational before-after with comparison group analyses is used
 to compare the changes in the number of crimes (assault, robbery,
 burglary, vehicle and mischief) in the surrounding neighbourhoods before
 and after the opening of five transit train stations in the City of
 Calgary, Canada. To control for other contributing factors, the
 differences in the number of crime are computed relative to changes in the
 corresponding crime numbers in the rest of the city. We find mixed
 results, with certain crime rates increasing in some communities,
 decreasing in a few and remaining unchanged in others. 	 
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 281-289 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2013 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2013.776289 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2013.776289 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:17:y:2013:i:2:p:281-289




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ann Markusen 
Author-X-Name-First: Ann 
Author-X-Name-Last: Markusen 
Title: Fuzzy concepts, proxy data: why indicators would not track creative placemaking success 
Abstract:
 Policy and community organizing around creative placemaking has spread
 from initial European initiatives to formal US arts and cultural policy
 and variations in many other places, including Japan and South Korea. In
 the USA, an indicators approach has been mounted to evaluate funding
 outcomes at the National Endowment for the Arts and a nationwide
 philanthropic funding consortium, ArtPlace. But the effort is confounded
 by fuzzy concepts and a reliance on data external to the funded projects
 and the particularity of place. Various indicators are supposed to capture
 traits such as 'vitality', 'vibrancy' and 'livability' that mean different
 things to different people. A further problem is that most good secondary
 data series are not available at spatial scales corresponding to grantees'
 target impact areas. Relying on ill-defined and poorly operationalized
 indicators could backfire politically. First, their use could be
 off-putting to grantees and would-be grantees, including mayors, arts
 organizations, community development organizations and the many other
 partners to these projects. Second, creative placemaking grants create
 competitors, generating losers as well as winners. Third and most
 troubling, funders may begin favouring places that already perform well on
 the indicators. Rather than rely on generic indicators, I propose that
 funders and policy-makers (1) commit to real evaluation based on the
 criteria designed for specific programmes by the grantees themselves; (2)
 build cooperation among grantees to share their experiences and learn from
 each other and (3) provide technical assistance to creative placemaking
 grantees.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 291-303 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2013 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2013.836291 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2013.836291 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:17:y:2013:i:3:p:291-303




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sangyoup Kim 
Author-X-Name-First: Sangyoup 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim 
Author-Name: Jaisung Choi 
Author-X-Name-First: Jaisung 
Author-X-Name-Last: Choi 
Author-Name: Sunggyu Kim 
Author-X-Name-First: Sunggyu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim 
Title: Roadside walking environments and major factors affecting pedestrian level of service 
Abstract:
 This paper provides study results of the pedestrian level of service (LOS)
 within the roadside walking environments. The comfort needs of pedestrians
 and the multimodal LOS are the main issues of the study. The approach
 applied in the research includes a literature review, a pedestrian
 intercept survey, and a multiple regression analysis. Major findings
 include: (1) current measure of effectiveness for determining pedestrian
 LOS in the Korean Highway Capacity Manual should be replaced with a more
 realistic measure of effectiveness, such as the level of pedestrian
 satisfaction, (2) pedestrian perception within roadside walking
 environments was successfully captured in a model developed in this study,
 and (3) the impact of adding automobile-related variables to explanatory
 variables was statistically significant. Cross-section design elements
 affecting the perception of pedestrian LOS were also identified. It is
 hoped that this research will provide an increased understanding for
 pedestrian-friendly strategies in urban arterial designs.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 304-315 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2013 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2013.825422 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2013.825422 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:17:y:2013:i:3:p:304-315




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sungnam Park 
Author-X-Name-First: Sungnam 
Author-X-Name-Last: Park 
Author-Name: Dongwook Sohn 
Author-X-Name-First: Dongwook 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sohn 
Title: The roles of urban design in urban regeneration: case studies of the Housing Market Renewal Pathfinder area in Newcastle, UK 
Abstract:
 This paper explores the roles of urban design in urban regeneration
 through a detailed empirical investigation of urban design in Scotswood
 and Walker, regeneration under the umbrella of the Housing Market Renewal
 programme. The case studies identified various roles of urban design in
 urban regeneration and highlighted that urban design contributes to urban
 regeneration as a place-shaping mechanism. The environmental contribution
 of urban design was recognized as shaping better-quality places with
 quality design. The social contribution of urban design was recognized as
 providing better places for the everyday life of existing users and end
 users as the social consequences of urban regeneration. This paper
 concludes with a discussion about the potential roles of urban design in
 urban regeneration.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 316-330 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2013 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2013.822627 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2013.822627 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:17:y:2013:i:3:p:316-330




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Heungsoon Kim 
Author-X-Name-First: Heungsoon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim 
Author-Name: Jaehyeong Nam 
Author-X-Name-First: Jaehyeong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nam 
Title: The size of the station influence area in Seoul, Korea: based on the survey of users of seven stations 
Abstract:
 This study aims to identify the size of the station influence area (SIA)
 in Seoul, Korea. For this study, a survey of 100 passers-by per station
 was conducted after choosing seven railway stations in Seoul. The general
 size and walking distance of an SIA are identified as 462 and 376 m,
 respectively. The time required from stations to destinations is
 identified between 7 and 10 min. The results appear similar to a series of
 findings in the advanced countries but are fairly decreased, particularly
 in terms of walking distance, compared with the results found in existing
 Korean studies. Meanwhile, walking accounts for about 80% in terms of the
 travel mode employed to destinations. In choosing the travel mode to
 destinations, station users consistently value many of 'utility factors'
 such as economic feasibility and time required over 'livability factors'
 such as environment and amenities, regardless of trip purpose, age,
 gender, occupation, and income level, although the margin is not great.
 There is no noticeable difference in the size of SIA and the time required
 from stations to destinations between three-tier centres classified by
 spatial hierarchy.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 331-349 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2013 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2013.810463 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2013.810463 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:17:y:2013:i:3:p:331-349




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Soora Rasouli 
Author-X-Name-First: Soora 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rasouli 
Author-Name: Harry Timmermans 
Author-X-Name-First: Harry 
Author-X-Name-Last: Timmermans 
Title: Probabilistic forecasting of time-dependent origin-destination matrices by a complex activity-based model system: effects of model uncertainty 
Abstract:
 No previous studies seem to have examined uncertainty in forecasts of
 origin destination matrix (OD) tables, predicted by advanced
 activity-based models of travel demand. This paper documents the design
 and results of a study on the effects of model uncertainty of the
 Albatross model on predicted time-dependent OD matrices, for the Rotterdam
 area, the Netherlands, as a case study. The study involves 1000 runs of
 model system for a synthetic population of 41,668 individuals. Results
 indicate that the average uncertainty in the predicted OD matrices due to
 model uncertainty is 45%, and.13% for destination totals based on these
 simulation runs. In general, uncertainty is lower for the destinations
 with higher traffic volumes. Uncertainty in predicted traffic volumes,
 represented by the cells of the OD matrix, tends to be higher. Finally,
 for both types of indicators, there is evidence of spatial variability in
 coefficients of variation, capturing uncertainty in destination totals and
 traffic volumes. Generally, uncertainty is a non-linear function of the
 number of samples.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 350-361 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2013 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2013.835117 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2013.835117 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:17:y:2013:i:3:p:350-361




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hyunsu Choi 
Author-X-Name-First: Hyunsu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Choi 
Author-Name: Dai Nakagawa 
Author-X-Name-First: Dai 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nakagawa 
Author-Name: Ryoji Matsunaka 
Author-X-Name-First: Ryoji 
Author-X-Name-Last: Matsunaka 
Author-Name: Tetsuharu Oba 
Author-X-Name-First: Tetsuharu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Oba 
Author-Name: Jongjin Yoon 
Author-X-Name-First: Jongjin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yoon 
Title: Research on the causal relationship between urban density, travel behaviours, and transportation energy consumption by economic level 
Abstract:
 As motorization has progressed around the world, the scope of personal
 activity is widening due to private-motorized modes (PMM). And due to the
 increase in PMM, the degree of suburbanization has also increased,
 resulting in higher energy consumption for transportation as well as
 global warming. Many studies including that of Newman and Kenworthy have
 focused on the relationship between urban density and transportation
 energy consumption. However, the studies were in general focused on a pool
 of transportation data limited to one country or continent. This
 geological limitation restrains researchers from gaining insight into
 different transportation characters as well as a city's economic
 development status. Therefore, this research was conducted to generate a
 database of transportation energy consumption by PMM based on person trip
 data from 119 metropolitan areas in 39 countries. Considering the
 difference in economic levels of cities around the world, a discriminant
 analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between urban density
 and transportation characteristics. Based on the results of the analysis,
 we examined the correlation between urban density and transportation
 energy consumption by economic level. The analysis showed that the
 correlation between urban density and transportation energy consumption
 differs by the city's economic level. Additionally, the more the economic
 development, the clearer the correlation between urban density and travel
 behaviours becomes.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 362-384 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2013 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2013.795754 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2013.795754 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:17:y:2013:i:3:p:362-384




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: In Kwon Park 
Author-X-Name-First: In Kwon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Park 
Author-Name: Patricia Ciorici 
Author-X-Name-First: Patricia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ciorici 
Title: Determinants of vacant lot conversion into community gardens: evidence from Philadelphia 
Abstract:
 Community gardens (CGs) are gaining popularity as an alternative use for
 vacant lots in communities that struggle to address the negative effects
 of property abandonment. A pressing issue for these communities is to
 determine which vacant lots are most appropriate for community gardening.
 Therefore, this study aimed to identify the determinants of vacant lot
 conversion into CGs. We looked at existing CGs and vacant lots in the City
 of Philadelphia and identified CGs converted from vacant lots. A logit
 model was employed to determine the factors contributing to the
 conversion. The data for lot attributes were collected from the
 Philadelphia Neighbourhood Information System and a city-wide survey
 conducted by the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society. The results show that
 neighbourhood characteristics such as poverty level, educational
 attainment, zoning, and owner occupancy level mainly determine the
 conversion. In addition, parcel characteristics including ownership and
 topography have significant impacts on the conversion. These findings will
 help communities to identify the most appropriate vacant lots for
 community gardening.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 385-398 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2013 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2013.818388 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2013.818388 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:17:y:2013:i:3:p:385-398




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: JongJin Yoon 
Author-X-Name-First: JongJin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yoon 
Author-Name: Yiping Le 
Author-X-Name-First: Yiping 
Author-X-Name-Last: Le 
Title: Analysis of the transport efficiency of reverse logistics in Japan 
Abstract:
 Along with growing concerns about the limit of final waste disposal sites
 and the finiteness of natural resources, increasing attention has been
 given to building a material recycling society. However, in the situation
 of Japan, the lack of efficient reverse logistics such as integrated waste
 collection and intermodal waste transport systems is a major barrier to
 the promotion of waste recycling. In order to understand the current
 situation and issues of reverse logistics for waste management, this paper
 first quantitatively analyses the characteristics of reverse logistics in
 Japan, and in particular examines the transportation mode choice by
 comparing with that of forward logistics. Based on the results of the
 analysis, current issues in cooperative transport and the modal shift to
 marine and railway transport are discussed.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 399-413 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2013 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2013.819172 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2013.819172 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:17:y:2013:i:3:p:399-413




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mahya Ghanaee 
Author-X-Name-First: Mahya 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ghanaee 
Author-Name: Ali Asghar Pourezzat 
Author-X-Name-First: Ali Asghar 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pourezzat 
Title: Identifying the critical success factors for urban renovation projects; lessons learned from Tehran residential renovation projects 
Abstract:
 The dramatic extent of worn-out tissue in the city of Tehran, which has a
 high population density and a constant threat of earthquakes, makes it
 important to understand the issues relating to the necessity of changes in
 the attitudes of renovation projects management and the adoption of
 effective strategies. Despite the significance of this fact, very few
 studies have focused on identifying the key success factors for renovation
 projects so far. Although extensive research has been conducted on
 effective factors on the success of the projects, most of these studies
 have examined the key success factors in general and different kinds of
 projects and their special features were ignored. Therefore, this study is
 an attempt to identify these factors and their ranking according to their
 importance. After reviewing the specialized literature and content
 analysis of documents related to the past residential renovation projects,
 15 key success factors were identified in Tehran. Then opinions of 75
 experts and urban managers were collected through a questionnaire. The
 binomial test proved that 2 factors out of 15 were unimportant and
 consequently the ranking was performed using the other 13. Then the
 remaining 13 factors were ranked. Designing appropriate methods for
 financing, choosing the most effective and appropriate intervention
 techniques and analysis and learning from the experiences of the past
 projects were identified as the most important factors, respectively.
 Also, by using exploratory factor analysis, we could classify factors into
 four groups: enabler, facilitator, prerequisites and requirements.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 414-423 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 17 
Year: 2013 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2013.831209 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2013.831209 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:17:y:2013:i:3:p:414-423




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Susan S. Fainstein 
Author-X-Name-First: Susan S. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fainstein 
Title: The just city 
Abstract:
 Justice has always been a major topic within political philosophy, but
 scholars in the behavioural sciences have largely avoided normative
 statements. After the urban uprisings of the 1960s and 1970s, however,
 leftist scholars adopted a critical approach that, while not specifying a
 concept of justice, injected a moral dimension into their work. Within
 urban studies, the argument of Henri Lefebvre, who defined space as a
 social construction and who maintained that all groups should have a
 'right to the city', became particularly influential. During the 1990s,
 scholars began to be more explicit about the concept of justice. Three
 main approaches to urban justice were developed: (1) communicative
 rationality; (2) recognition of diversity; (3) the just city/spatial
 justice. Differences between the communicative and just city approaches
 revolved around emphasis on democracy versus equity, process versus
 outcome. I argue that democracy, diversity, and equity are the three
 governing principles for urban justice but also recognize the tension
 among them. Although structural transformation cannot be achieved at the
 municipal level, a change in the rhetoric around urban policy from a focus
 on competitiveness to a discourse about justice can improve the quality of
 life for urban residents.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 1-18 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2014 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2013.834643 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2013.834643 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:18:y:2014:i:1:p:1-18




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ali Soltani 
Author-X-Name-First: Ali 
Author-X-Name-Last: Soltani 
Author-Name: Seyed Hosein Hoseini 
Author-X-Name-First: Seyed Hosein 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hoseini 
Title: An analysis of the connection between built environment, physical activity and health: comparing three urban neighbourhoods from Shiraz, Iran 
Abstract:
 There is currently considerable interest in discovering the effects of
 physical form and built environment on the physical activities done by
 people. The increasing concerns of obesity, especially among children,
 women, and old people, increase the necessity of research in this area.
 However, most studies in this area are from western developed countries
 and their results cannot be transferred to developing countries where the
 economic and social context is different. This study attempted to
 investigate the link between built environment, socio-economics, and
 physical activity among adults by comparing three neighbourhoods from
 Shiraz, Iran, using multiple criteria, including analysis of variance
 (ANOVAs), <italic>t</italic>-tests, and the correlation coefficient. The
 hypothesis was that these variables were positively related to physical
 activity for either transportation or sporting/exercise/leisure
 activities. An integrated database of built environment characteristics
 and activity-related features was developed for a sample of specific
 residential locations (<italic>n</italic>=328) in the metropolitan area of
 Shiraz, Iran, and then statistical methods were applied to test the
 hypothesis. The results from statistical and spatial analysis confirm that
 the built environment affects both travel and sporting/exercise/leisure
 activities. However, the patterns of activities are reasonably different
 from those discovered in developed countries due to considerable
 differences in social attitudes, lifestyles, and env&#x131;ronmental
 design. In fact, improvements in the distribution and quality of urban
 services are also important in encouraging people to engage in physical
 activity; however, this is mediated by social and economic constraints.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 19-30 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2014 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2013.874546 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2013.874546 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:18:y:2014:i:1:p:19-30




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Soora Rasouli 
Author-X-Name-First: Soora 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rasouli 
Author-Name: Harry Timmermans 
Author-X-Name-First: Harry 
Author-X-Name-Last: Timmermans 
Title: Activity-based models of travel demand: promises, progress and prospects 
Abstract:
 Because two decades have almost passed since the introduction of
 activity-based models of travel demand, this seems the right time to
 evaluate progress made in the development and application of these models.
 This invited paper seeks to discuss the initial promises of activity-based
 models as an alternative to four-step and tour-based models, summarize
 progress made and identify still unsolved issues that require further
 research.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 31-60 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2014 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2013.835118 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2013.835118 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:18:y:2014:i:1:p:31-60




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Eunjin Choi 
Author-X-Name-First: Eunjin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Choi 
Author-Name: Eungcheol Kim 
Author-X-Name-First: Eungcheol 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim 
Author-Name: Hanseon Cho 
Author-X-Name-First: Hanseon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cho 
Author-Name: Jaeho Yang 
Author-X-Name-First: Jaeho 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yang 
Title: Development of a Korea highway safety evaluation proto type model on the concept of IHSDM crash prediction module 
Abstract:
 This study tries to develop a Korea highway safety evaluation proto type
 model for quantified safety evaluation. We develop a base model and crash
 modification factors (CMFs) through reviewing the procedures and
 methodologies in <italic>Highway Safety Manual</italic>. At the same time,
 we try to carefully consider collectable data and roadway environment of
 Korea that are different from the USA. CMFs are developed through models
 and expert's judgement. Developed CMFs are for driveway density,
 pedestrian crosswalk, existence of median, terrain types, and land-use
 types. Also, verification of the developed base model and CMFs were
 performed using two routes of Korea's rural two-lane highways while
 comparing with roadway safety design synthesis and Crash Prediction Module
 (CPM) of Interactive Highway Safety Design Model (IHSDM). Applicability
 analysis was then performed in two aspects of predictability and
 adaptability of the proto type model. As a result, CMFs and predicted
 accident estimates of CPM are similar with the developed Korea proto type
 model. However, the base model and CMFs of the developed proto type for
 Korea are more precise than the others when evaluating sections where the
 number of actual accidents is higher. It is found that considering CMF for
 land-use type is justifiable when developing a Korea highway safety
 evaluation proto type model. This study validates the possibility of
 developing a full scale of Korea highway safety evaluation model.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 61-75 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2014 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2014.887478 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2014.887478 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:18:y:2014:i:1:p:61-75




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hyung-Sook Lee 
Author-X-Name-First: Hyung-Sook 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee 
Author-Name: Eun-Yeong Park 
Author-X-Name-First: Eun-Yeong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Park 
Title: Comparing the environment for elderly pedestrians among different-sized cities of Gyeonggi province in Korea 
Abstract:
 The purposes of this study are to identify assessment indices for
 evaluating the environment for elderly pedestrians and to compare the
 pedestrian environment surrounding senior welfare centres among large,
 mid-size, and small cities. To that end, a set of assessment indices and
 weighted values were decided and field assessments were carried out in
 seven cities in Gyeonggi province. Research methods such as reviews of
 pedestrian assessment tools, field assessment, and an analytic hierarchy
 process survey were conducted. The comparative analysis of the assessment
 results suggests the following policy implications. First, Aesthetics
 including attractive views, tree shade, and building facades was found to
 be important, let alone Safety, which represents the presence of path and
 traffic control devices. Second, there is a considerable discrepancy in
 the pedestrian environment surrounding senior welfare centres between
 large cities and mid-to-small cities, which pose a serious impediment to
 both balanced urban development and senior citizens' welfare. Third, it is
 important to develop easy-to-use assessment tools that are customized to
 the domestic pedestrian environment to enhance awareness about the local
 environment, as well as to draw more interest and participation to the
 improvement of the environment for elderly pedestrians.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 76-89 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2014 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2013.863449 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2013.863449 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:18:y:2014:i:1:p:76-89




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Byoungkil Lee 
Author-X-Name-First: Byoungkil 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee 
Author-Name: Sang-Kyeong Lee 
Author-X-Name-First: Sang-Kyeong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee 
Title: Delimiting boundaries of market areas of central places using the density of retail facilities in an urban space 
Abstract:
 When Christaller's central place theory is applied to an anisotropic urban
 space, the hierarchical structure of the central places in hexagon shapes
 does not appear. Thus, we have difficulties delimiting boundaries of
 market areas of central places. In order to overcome this limitation, we
 suggest the geographic information system (GIS) method based on a
 hydrological modelling which uses raster density and apply the method to
 the retail facilities of Seoul, Korea. Kernel density function is used to
 measure the density of retail facilities, and search radii are set up as
 500, 1000, and 5000 m by considering the size of the neighbourhood unit,
 the neighbourhood district, and the sub-centre region. As a result, we
 confirm market areas of central places with irregular shapes, which become
 nested in those of higher order central places. This means that central
 places in an urban space have the hierarchy, which is the core concept of
 Christaller's theory. In order to evaluate the result of delimiting market
 areas, we suggest the normalized internal traffic volume ratio index
 (NTI). The average NTIs of the market areas of central places are higher
 than those of administrative units, and thus, we conclude that market
 areas of central places are effectively delimited and the GIS method based
 on a hydrological modelling is useful.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 90-102 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2014 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2014.890061 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2014.890061 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:18:y:2014:i:1:p:90-102




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Peng Wang 
Author-X-Name-First: Peng 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang 
Author-Name: Myounggu Kang 
Author-X-Name-First: Myounggu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kang 
Title: An empirical analysis on the housing prices in the Pearl River Delta Economic Region of China 
Abstract:
 As the region with the fastest and highest level of economic growth in
 China, the instability of the Pearl River Delta Economic Region's (PRDER)
 housing prices has always been a social focus. In order to make housing
 price stabilization policies effective, more research is required about
 China's housing market mechanism and the influential factors of housing
 prices. China used to be a socialist economy since 1949. Deng Xiaoping
 began China's economic reform and introduced market principles in 1978.
 Since then China's housing had undergone transition from socialist system
 to market economy. After 1998, China had housing market economy. This
 paper aims to understand the housing price behaviour of newly transformed
 housing market economy of China by analysing the influential factors of
 China's housing prices compared to that of conventional market economy.
 This study established a fixed-effect model of panel data and conducts
 empirical analysis on the influential factors of housing prices in nine
 cities in the PRDER by adopting the least squares dummy variable method.
 Because access to China's housing markets data is extremely limited,
 collecting reliable and consistent housing market data at city level was
 the biggest challenge in this research. We successfully compiled local
 housing market data at city level including housing sales price index of
 the nine cities, number of resident (registered and
 non-registered-but-long-stay residents), GDP per capita, residential sales
 area, annual investment on housing development land purchasing cost, and
 so forth. The analysis confirms that China's housing market follows a
 market mechanism. Demand is the major driver of housing prices, housing
 supply tends to lower the housing prices, and land cost is positively
 correlated with housing prices. Since cities grow with continuing
 urbanization and industrialization, housing supply policy seems required
 to effectively stabilize the housing price.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 103-114 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2014 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2014.891557 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2014.891557 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:18:y:2014:i:1:p:103-114




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Eiichi Taniguchi 
Author-X-Name-First: Eiichi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Taniguchi 
Title: Editorial 
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 115-116 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2014 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2014.937892 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2014.937892 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:18:y:2014:i:2:p:115-116




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ali Gul Qureshi 
Author-X-Name-First: Ali Gul 
Author-X-Name-Last: Qureshi 
Author-Name: Eiichi Taniguchi 
Author-X-Name-First: Eiichi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Taniguchi 
Author-Name: Russell G. Thompson 
Author-X-Name-First: Russell G. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Thompson 
Author-Name: Joel S.E. Teo 
Author-X-Name-First: Joel S.E. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Teo 
Title: Application of exact route optimization for the evaluation of a city logistics truck ban scheme 
Abstract:
 This paper presents an application of the exact solution approach for the
 Vehicle Routing Problem with Soft Time Windows based on the column
 generation scheme developed earlier by the authors, for evaluating a truck
 ban scheme from the environmental improvement aspect on a realistic
 logistics instance based on the Vehicle Information and Communication
 System data, which is an Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)
 application in Japan. Two different types of truck ban schemes are
 evaluated, one which denies truck entry on congested links (with average
 speeds lower than a threshold) and the other with and without the
 availability of the ITS-based data to freight firms. It was found that the
 Uniform truck ban on low travel speed links can result in a win-win
 situation, improving the environmental conditions as well as reducing the
 operation cost for freight carriers in a scenario where freight carriers
 do not have access to ITS-based travel time information. While the use of
 an exact optimization method and with ITS-based historical traffic
 information still helps in reducing environmental impacts, freight
 companies are slightly worst-off as far as the operation cost is
 concerned.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 117-132 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2014 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2014.930672 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2014.930672 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:18:y:2014:i:2:p:117-132




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nilesh Anand 
Author-X-Name-First: Nilesh 
Author-X-Name-Last: Anand 
Author-Name: Ron van Duin 
Author-X-Name-First: Ron 
Author-X-Name-Last: van Duin 
Author-Name: Lori Tavasszy 
Author-X-Name-First: Lori 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tavasszy 
Title: Ontology-based multi-agent system for urban freight transportation 
Abstract:
 Congestion, pollution, and safety are some of the most worrisome
 side-effects of the urban goods movement activities. These problems are
 generally attributed to the underlying characteristics of the domain such
 as heterogeneous stakeholders, their conflicting objectives and resulting
 distributed decision-making. Such autonomous decision-making stakeholders
 do not efficiently cooperate and coordinate while performing city
 logistics activities. The ensuing inefficient use of resources (e.g. goods
 delivery vehicle, time, etc.) gives rise to the above-mentioned problems.
 To reduce the negative externalities of urban goods movement, we first
 must understand the decision-making process of the city logistics
 stakeholder under different situations. Agent-based simulation modelling
 technique is such an approach where distributed decision-making of the
 multiple stakeholders can be included by modelling each entity as an
 autonomous agent. In this paper, we propose the use of a knowledge data
 model of urban freight domain - city logistics ontology - to develop an
 agent-based model. City logistics ontology is a knowledge model which
 includes city logistics entities (e.g. stakeholders, resources, etc.) and
 relationships between them in a structured form. The paper focuses on the
 usefulness of ontology in the development of agent-based model for city
 logistics domain, and attempts to demonstrate the effectiveness of agent
 technology in analysing the urban freight decision-making processes.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 133-153 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2014 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2014.920696 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2014.920696 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:18:y:2014:i:2:p:133-153




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: J.S.E. Teo 
Author-X-Name-First: J.S.E. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Teo 
Author-Name: E. Taniguchi 
Author-X-Name-First: E. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Taniguchi 
Author-Name: A.G. Qureshi 
Author-X-Name-First: A.G. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Qureshi 
Title: Multi-agent systems modelling approach to evaluate urban motorways for city logistics 
Abstract:
 Government road authorities are constantly faced with the challenges of
 urbanization and traffic congestion requiring them to make good decisions
 for infrastructure developments. Several developed and developing
 countries have focused their concerns on building motorways for private
 and public transports for intercity connectivity and economic growth in
 the past. However, very few evaluation models were concerned about urban
 motorways for the benefit of urban freight transport. There may not even
 be an evaluation model for urban motorways development, which has
 considered the routing behaviour of truck movements in urban areas,
 especially if the main purpose for the urban motorway is for improving
 city logistics. Faced with the problems and concerns of the road
 authorities in Japan regarding capacity increase measures or other freight
 management schemes, this paper is an initial step to explore and provide
 the methodology to support the road authorities in their decision for
 urban motorway alternatives.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 154-165 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2014 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2014.929020 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2014.929020 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:18:y:2014:i:2:p:154-165




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jesus Gonzalez-Feliu 
Author-X-Name-First: Jesus 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gonzalez-Feliu 
Author-Name: Josep-Maria Salanova Grau 
Author-X-Name-First: Josep-Maria 
Author-X-Name-Last: Salanova Grau 
Author-Name: Adrien Beziat 
Author-X-Name-First: Adrien 
Author-X-Name-Last: Beziat 
Title: A location-based accessibility analysis to estimate the suitability of urban consolidation facilities 
Abstract:
 This paper proposes a location-based accessibility analysis framework to
 assess the suitability of urban consolidation platform location scenarios.
 First, an overview of urban consolidation is presented to identify the
 main types of platforms and the related scientific work. Then, the
 proposed framework is presented on the form of a three-step procedure. The
 first step is to generate goods transport demand using a
 delivery-to-commodity model. The second consists in estimating routes both
 for serving the consolidation platforms supplied by shippers and for
 delivering customers afterwards, using a VRP algorithm. The third step
 consists in performing an accessibility calculation. Starting from the
 distances travelled obtained by the vehicle routing algorithm, travel
 times (including vehicle running and stopping times) are estimated, after
 which a location-based accessibility indicator based on transport cost is
 obtained. To illustrate the framework proposed, an example of application
 for the city of Lyon (France) is presented. Therefore, three sets of
 scenarios are assessed and discussed. Finally, practical issues of the
 proposed method are presented.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 166-185 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2014 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2014.930673 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2014.930673 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:18:y:2014:i:2:p:166-185




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: J.H.R. van Duin 
Author-X-Name-First: J.H.R. 
Author-X-Name-Last: van Duin 
Author-Name: R. Kortmann 
Author-X-Name-First: R. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kortmann 
Author-Name: S.L. van den Boogaard 
Author-X-Name-First: S.L. 
Author-X-Name-Last: van den Boogaard 
Title: City logistics through the canals? A simulation study on freight waterborne transport in the inner-city of Amsterdam 
Abstract:
 This study investigates whether distributing goods across the water to the
 city of Amsterdam can be a potential future solution considering the busy
 traffic of the pleasure crafts and touring boats on the canals. A
 simulation model was developed to analyse the logistics performances and
 traffic influences for different fleet size configurations. The simulation
 tests have shown that four vessels are needed to guarantee the requested
 delivery times, a sufficient loading rate (82%) was generated for each
 ship, and no significant delays will happen due to interaction with other
 water traffic. Conclusion of this study is that a waterborne city
 logistics concept through the canals of Amsterdam has demonstrated the
 capability to reduce congestion in the inner-city and is able to satisfy
 the delivery requirements of the shopkeepers without significant
 interference with other waterborne traffic.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 186-200 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2014 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2014.929021 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2014.929021 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:18:y:2014:i:2:p:186-200




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Agostino Nuzzolo 
Author-X-Name-First: Agostino 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nuzzolo 
Author-Name: Antonio Comi 
Author-X-Name-First: Antonio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Comi 
Author-Name: Luca Rosati 
Author-X-Name-First: Luca 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rosati 
Title: City logistics long-term planning: simulation of shopping mobility and goods restocking and related support systems 
Abstract:
 The growing necessity to improve city sustainability and liveability has
 pushed local administrators to look also at medium/long-term city
 logistics measures, such as land-use governance policies. In order to
 assess long-term scenarios, it is necessary to have models and methods
 able to take into account the effects on shopping mobility and goods
 restocking, generated by these classes of measures (e.g. relocation of
 shopping zones). Besides, we have to consider that modifications of
 shopping attitudes, deriving from changes of demographic and
 socio-economic characteristics of end consumers, can impact on purchasing
 behaviour and hence on restocking mobility. This paper discusses a number
 of issues related to the simulation of medium/long-term scenarios and
 presents a system of models that consider shopping mobility and restocking
 jointly. The presented shopping demand models, in combination with urban
 restocking models, are implemented within a simulation support system
 named City Logistics Analysis and Simulation Support System and are used
 to assess the effects on the freight restocking due to demographic and
 socio-economic variations including some hypotheses on new land-use
 development governance measures in a medium-size urban area. The main
 results confirm the modelling goodness and, at the same time, demonstrate
 that changes in demographic and socio-economic characteristics could cause
 relevant effects, in particular increasing car use in shopping mobility.
 The growing e-shopping could limit the negative effects of these changes,
 but the impacts of home deliveries have to be considered. The relocation
 of commercial and logistics centres, closer to the residential
 distribution, could drive a different restocking pattern with a consequent
 reduction in freight vehicle mobility. Anyway, this reduction is not very
 relevant and therefore further city logistics measures have to be
 implemented.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 201-217 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2014 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2014.928601 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2014.928601 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:18:y:2014:i:2:p:201-217




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andie Pramudita 
Author-X-Name-First: Andie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pramudita 
Author-Name: Eiichi Taniguchi 
Author-X-Name-First: Eiichi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Taniguchi 
Title: Model of debris collection operation after disasters and its application in urban area 
Abstract:
 Management of debris is a concern after any major disaster. In particular,
 debris removal after a disaster presents challenges unique to that
 disaster. Often, the debris removal process takes months or even years to
 finish. It is likely to be a concern for some time to come since there
 exists many factors that make it such a costly and complex operation. The
 cost is mostly arising from the cost of collection and transportation to
 the disposal sites. The debris collection and transportation routing
 problem is the subject of this study. The debris collection operation
 after disasters is a new capacitated arc routing problem (CARP). The
 uniqueness of this problem is due to the limited access from one section
 to the other, as a result of the blocked access by debris. Therefore a new
 constraint, which is developed in this study as access possibility
 constraint, has been added to the classical CARP. A tabu search
 meta-heuristics is also proposed to solve the augmented CARP formulation
 for the debris collection operation problem. Case studies on a test
 network as well as on realistic instances based on estimates of debris due
 to likely large-scale natural disaster in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area have
 also been reported at the end under various scenarios such as with or
 without intermediate depot as well as single vs. multiple vehicles
 (groups) operation.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 218-243 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2014 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2014.929507 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2014.929507 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:18:y:2014:i:2:p:218-243




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Browne 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Browne 
Author-Name: Julian Allen 
Author-X-Name-First: Julian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Allen 
Author-Name: Ian Wainwright 
Author-X-Name-First: Ian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wainwright 
Author-Name: Andrew Palmer 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew 
Author-X-Name-Last: Palmer 
Author-Name: Ian Williams 
Author-X-Name-First: Ian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Williams 
Title: London 2012: changing delivery patterns in response to the impact of the Games on traffic flows 
Abstract:
 The paper addresses road freight transport operations during the London
 Olympic and Paralympic Games in 2012. It presents work carried out prior
 to the Games to understand pre-Games patterns of freight deliveries in
 London (for both light and heavy goods vehicles) and the results of
 modelling work carried out to assess the likely impacts of the Games road
 restrictions on freight operations. The modelling results indicated that
 increases in total hours travelled carrying out collection and delivery
 work would range from 1.4% to 11.4% in the six sectors considered. The
 results suggested increases in hours travelled in excess of 3.5% in four
 of the six sectors modelled. The possible actions that could be taken by
 organizations to reduce these negative impacts were also modelled and the
 results indicated that such actions would help to mitigate the impact of
 the road restrictions imposed on operators during the Games. The actual
 impacts of the 2012 Games on transport both in general terms and
 specifically in terms of freight transport are also discussed, together
 with the success of the actions taken by Transport for London (TfL) to
 help the road freight industry. The potential freight transport legacy of
 the London 2012 Games in terms of achieving more sustainable urban freight
 transport is considered and the steps being taken by TfL to help ensure
 that such a legacy can be realized are discussed. Such steps include
 policy-makers continuing to collaborate closely with the freight industry
 through the 'London Freight Forum', and TfL's efforts to encourage and
 support companies revising their delivery and collection times to the
 off-peak; improving freight planning in the design and management of
 TfL-funded road schemes; electronic provision of traffic information by
 TfL to the freight industry, and the further development of freight
 journey planning tools.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 244-261 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2014 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2014.929508 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2014.929508 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:18:y:2014:i:2:p:244-261




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thomas Hagen Zunder 
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas Hagen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zunder 
Author-Name: Paulus Teguh Aditjandra 
Author-X-Name-First: Paulus Teguh 
Author-X-Name-Last: Aditjandra 
Author-Name: Bruce Carnaby 
Author-X-Name-First: Bruce 
Author-X-Name-Last: Carnaby 
Title: Developing a local research strategy for city logistics on an academic campus 
Abstract:
 This paper investigates the relative suitability of data and methodologies
 to assess the determinants of urban freight activity, based on a case
 study that has been carried out in a city centre university campus, in a
 medium-sized British city. Data, from procurement/purchasing and traffic
 surveys, have been used to set a baseline model of freight activity in the
 development of Delivery and Servicing Plans. A focused literature review
 of urban freight studies has been completed, in order to address
 identified urban freight challenges in meeting sustainability objectives.
 The study demonstrates imperfect data and raises questions that identify
 new research opportunities with new data collection, including focus group
 interviews, staff questionnaires, and stated preference surveys. These and
 other methodologies are identified to address the data gap, in order to
 develop a localized research strategy adapted to a local campus
 sustainability initiative.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 262-277 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2014 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2014.926830 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2014.926830 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:18:y:2014:i:2:p:262-277




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name:  Lindawati 
Author-X-Name-First:  
Author-X-Name-Last: Lindawati 
Author-Name: Johan van Schagen 
Author-X-Name-First: Johan 
Author-X-Name-Last: van Schagen 
Author-Name: Mark Goh 
Author-X-Name-First: Mark 
Author-X-Name-Last: Goh 
Author-Name: Robert de Souza 
Author-X-Name-First: Robert 
Author-X-Name-Last: de Souza 
Title: Collaboration in urban logistics: motivations and barriers 
Abstract:
 Urban logistics activities, while essential to the development of cities,
 also contribute to congestion and pollution if poorly managed.
 Synchronizing the last mile of delivery is critical, but challenging to
 implement. Collaboration between the stakeholders is thus needed and
 timely to improve the efficiency of last mile delivery in a growing city
 while advancing environmental sustainability. This paper is an exploratory
 study undertaken in Singapore, to identify the motivations and barriers to
 collaboration in urban logistics, which may influence a stakeholder's
 decision to participate. Our initial results suggest that the expected
 benefits (motivation) and the competitive intelligence risks (barrier)
 influence the participation decision.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 278-290 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2014 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2014.917983 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2014.917983 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:18:y:2014:i:2:p:278-290




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Leise Kelli de Oliveira 
Author-X-Name-First: Leise Kelli de 
Author-X-Name-Last: Oliveira 
Author-Name: L�lian dos Santos Fontes Pereira 
Author-X-Name-First: L�lian dos Santos Fontes 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pereira 
Title: An estimation of freight flow using secondary data: a case study in Belo Horizonte (Brazil) 
Abstract:
 This paper presents a methodology to estimate freight flows using
 secondary data. Problems associated with urban freight are of increasing
 concern to both public and private institutions. Low efficiency due to
 traffic congestion, lack of policies and restricted information for
 decision-making are common in the Brazilian context. Thus, this paper aims
 at describing a simple, but effective methodological approach for data
 processing in order to support decision-making in the context of urban
 freight in Brazil. The proposal consists of gathering common available
 data in the country as well as Minas Gerais State and applying the method
 in a study area defined according to a set of different parameters. The
 results achieved for the Belo Horizonte central region indicate the
 effectiveness of the methodology as well as the need for a systematic data
 collection in order to improve future results.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 291-307 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2014 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2014.934907 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2014.934907 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:18:y:2014:i:2:p:291-307




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Myungje Woo 
Author-X-Name-First: Myungje 
Author-X-Name-Last: Woo 
Author-Name: Jean-Michel Guldmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Jean-Michel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guldmann 
Title: Urban containment policies and urban growth 
Abstract:
 While there has been controversy over the negative and positive effects of
 urban containment policies (UCPs), little is known about their impact on
 urban growth with policy tightness. This paper empirically analyses UCP
 impacts on changes in population, employment, built-up areas, and housing
 values. A simultaneous equation model is estimated, with, as endogenous
 variables, the above changes at the city level. Both stringent containment
 policies (SCP), such as greenbelts and urban growth boundaries, and less
 stringent containment policies (LSCP), such as urban service areas, are
 found to have significant impacts on changes in population, employment,
 housing values, and city land area. SCPs have positive effects on changes
 in population and housing values twice as large as LSCPs, suggesting that
 SCPs more successfully accommodate new growth within growth boundaries and
 that housing values increase with the tightness of UCPs.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 309-326 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2014 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2014.893198 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2014.893198 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:18:y:2014:i:3:p:309-326




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Youngsoo An 
Author-X-Name-First: Youngsoo 
Author-X-Name-Last: An 
Author-Name: Yeonggyeong Kang 
Author-X-Name-First: Yeonggyeong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kang 
Author-Name: Seungil Lee 
Author-X-Name-First: Seungil 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee 
Title: A study on the impact of soft location factors in the relocation of service and manufacturing firms 
Abstract:
 This paper empirically studied relocation factors for manufacturing and
 service firms in the Seoul Metropolitan Area. The purpose of this study is
 to identify the influence not only of traditional firm location factors,
 but also of quality of life factors. A firm's location decision is an
 assertive action (behaviour) to maximize profit that may have a large
 ripple effect on the regional economy and society. This study used a
 binary logit model to analyse location choice factors during firm
 relocations. As of December 2011, the number of firms registered with the
 Korea Chamber of Commerce and Industry was 117,157. Of these firms, 36,598
 were selected. The firms' locations could be tracked because their names
 and owners did not change from December 2006 to December 2012. Of the
 selected firms, 8328 (22.8%) relocated during this period. It can be
 considered that 4.6% of all firms relocate in a year. A geographic
 information system database was built using location addresses of the 8328
 firms. This study exhibited a trend that manufacturing firms moved from
 cities to suburbs, where transport and industry conditions were more
 favourable. By contrast, firms in higher-order industries with high-added
 value moved to city centres, where living conditions were more favourable.
 This trend suggests that quality of life factors have become more
 important in firm location decisions. This study is expected to be used to
 understand changes in firm locations and relocations, and to help make
 industrial policies for drawing firms.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 327-339 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2014 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2014.893834 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2014.893834 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:18:y:2014:i:3:p:327-339




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Abhijit Paul 
Author-X-Name-First: Abhijit 
Author-X-Name-Last: Paul 
Title: A comparative assessment of edge-effect with syntax integration generated in axial and unit-segment approaches to modelling vehicular movement networks 
Abstract:
 Unit-segment analysis - a recent development in space syntax - has shown
 better results in modelling vehicular movement networks than the
 traditional axial analysis merely by using configurational measures,
 integration results, of roadway segments of urban grids. Despite this
 advancement, some of the findings of the unit-segment model have remained
 controversial especially in the academic community. The concern of
 edge-effect is one of them. That is, at the practical level, how is it
 possible for a unit segment analysis to predict vehicular movement of a
 specified urban roadway grid with high accuracy when the analysis model
 does not consider trips that enter into the grid from outside? This paper
 throws a deeper insight into this question by evaluating the intensities
 of edge-effect generated by both the syntax models. By using the case of
 Tech Terrace, a residential neighbourhood of the city of Lubbock in West
 Texas, and then the city itself, the study produces extensive theoretical
 as well as empirical evidence showing that vehicular traffic predictions
 made by both the models are not free from edge-effect, but the generated
 effect in the unit-segment model is somewhat reduced than that of the
 axial counterpart. The findings also suggest that the problem of
 edge-effect is deep founded in the perception of network topology of an
 urban grid, and without understanding its role in assigning trips, brought
 from outside the grid into the grid itself, we indeed cannot understand
 the space syntax approach to modelling vehicular movement networks in a
 comprehensive way.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 340-354 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2014 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2014.908131 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2014.908131 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:18:y:2014:i:3:p:340-354




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jae Ik Kim 
Author-X-Name-First: Jae Ik 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim 
Author-Name: Chang Hwan Yeo 
Author-X-Name-First: Chang Hwan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yeo 
Author-Name: Jin-Hwi Kwon 
Author-X-Name-First: Jin-Hwi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kwon 
Title: Spatial change in urban employment distribution in Seoul metropolitan city: clustering, dispersion and general dispersion 
Abstract:
 The primary purpose of this paper is to identify whether the spatial
 distribution of employment moves towards clustering or dispersing by
 examining the change in spatial distribution of employment in Seoul
 metropolitan city. This paper first identifies the centre and subcentres
 with the cut-off approach and then examines the changing direction of
 employment distribution by estimating both monocentric and polycentric
 employment density functions. For the estimation, this paper utilizes a
 three-digit industrial classification data for the years 2000, 2005 and
 2010, which contain detailed information on distribution of employment.
 The main findings are as follows. First, the spatial structure of Seoul is
 apparently polycentric. Second, the central business districts (CBD) loses
 its dominance over Seoul's economy in terms of the number of employment,
 and the newly emerging Gangnam subcentre became the largest employment
 centre in Seoul. Third, the estimates of employment density functions
 (both monocentric and polycentric) tell us that the generalized dispersion
 hypothesis is not acceptable in the case of Seoul. Fourth, the pattern of
 spatial distribution of employment varies by industry, represented by
 centre-oriented, CBD-oriented and non-centre-oriented industries.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 355-372 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2014 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2014.916626 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2014.916626 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:18:y:2014:i:3:p:355-372




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hong Bae Kim 
Author-X-Name-First: Hong Bae 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim 
Author-Name: Jun Hwa Park 
Author-X-Name-First: Jun Hwa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Park 
Title: The structure of the green certification scheme for the neighbourhood and application to the new town development: the case of Magok, Seoul, Korea 
Abstract:
 The green certification scheme for neighbourhoods is believed to be a
 meaningful means to realistically and effectively achieve a low-carbon
 city. Many advanced countries have already developed their own green
 certification schemes and typical examples are LEED (Leadership in Energy
 and Environmental Development), BREEAM (Building the Research
 Establishment Environmental Assessment Method), and CASBEE (Comprehensive
 Assessment System for Building Environmental Efficiency). However, there
 are few studies on green certification for neighbourhoods in Korea. This
 paper presents the structure of the green certification scheme that is
 applicable to the Korean neighbourhood unit. The green certification
 scheme is developed through the following four steps: the first step
 identifies the mechanism of the carbon generation within the neighbourhood
 based on the IPCC guidelines. Next, five sectors are determined from the
 carbon emission mechanism identified, and evaluation standards are
 systematically derived from each sector. Here, the five sectors include
 industry, transportation, households, green, and planning. The third step
 is weighing the evaluation standards through a method involving an
 analytic hierarchy process. Finally, the developed certification scheme is
 applied to the new town of Magok in Seoul, Korea in order to demonstrate
 its applicability and usefulness.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 373-382 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2014 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2014.923780 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2014.923780 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:18:y:2014:i:3:p:373-382




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kyung Hwan Lee 
Author-X-Name-First: Kyung Hwan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee 
Author-Name: Eun Jeong Ko 
Author-X-Name-First: Eun Jeong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ko 
Title: Relationships between neighbourhood environments and residents' bicycle mode choice: a case study of Seoul 
Abstract:
 The purpose of this study is to analyse the characteristics of
 neighbourhood environments affecting residents' bicycle mode choice
 through a case study of Seoul. In this study, neighbourhood environments
 and other socio-demographic factors were used as explanatory variables in
 a causal model. The main data source used for this research was the 2006
 Household Travel Survey, from which 214,978 observations were selected as
 the final sample. Statistical analysis was carried out by applying the
 random intercept logit model. The results of analysing the factors that
 affect the residents' bicycle mode choice can be summarized as follows:
 first, the gender, income, occupation, vehicle ownership status, and
 residential type have statistically significant correlations with the
 bicycle mode choice. In addition, the travel time and travel distance
 affect the bicycle mode choice. Second, a high level of land use mix
 results in more bicycle travel. However, unlike what is shown in previous
 western studies, residential density does not have a significant
 correlation with bicycle travel. Third, the density of bicycle lanes has
 an effect on the bicycle mode choice, which shows that accessibility to
 bicycle lanes is an important planning factor in activating bike travel.
 Fourth, gradients are one of the important factors that affect the bicycle
 mode choice because residents use bicycles less in regions with steep
 slopes. Fifth, analysing the destination, like the origin, the land use
 mix, and bicycle lane density, was found to affect the bicycle mode
 choice.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 383-395 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2014 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2014.957715 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2014.957715 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:18:y:2014:i:3:p:383-395




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jutaek Oh 
Author-X-Name-First: Jutaek 
Author-X-Name-Last: Oh 
Author-Name: Dongjoo Park 
Author-X-Name-First: Dongjoo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Park 
Title: Analysis on crash reduction factors for road segment safety 
Abstract:
 The CRF (crash reduction factor), which has credibility that can
 quantitatively explain effects on traffic accidents in the field of
 traffic safety, is an important area which can evaluate the safety of
 roads. In this research, the influence on traffic safety using accident
 data was investigated, focusing on road factors and surrounding
 environmental factors from road engineers' point of view. In this study,
 the predictive levels of CRFs, which were used to evaluate the safety of
 roads by quantitatively expressing effects on traffic accidents, were
 developed. Accident models were developed by using data from roadways. It
 was shown that rather than Poisson or negative binomial, zero-inflated
 Poisson was more appropriate when the frequency in which 0 (zero) case
 occurs is high. It is also shown that the horizontal curve and radius,
 whether a concave section exists, the number of lighting systems, whether
 level terrain or mountainous terrain exists, and the number of crosswalks
 have influence on accident in certain sections of road.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 396-403 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2014 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2014.955124 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2014.955124 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:18:y:2014:i:3:p:396-403




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Justin S. Chang 
Author-X-Name-First: Justin S. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chang 
Author-Name: Sangjin Han 
Author-X-Name-First: Sangjin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Han 
Author-Name: Dongjae Jung 
Author-X-Name-First: Dongjae 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jung 
Author-Name: Daejin Kim 
Author-X-Name-First: Daejin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim 
Title: Benefits of rerouting railways to tunnels in urban areas: a case study of the Yongsan line in Seoul 
Abstract:
 As ground transport infrastructure causes diverse externalities such as
 noise and urban separation, the rerouting of such facilities to tunnels is
 one practical option to resolve the problem of social costs. Although such
 a mega-project is normally associated with huge budgets, this solution can
 also generate useful benefits for society. This paper explores these
 benefits using the Yongsan line in Seoul, Korea, as a case study. Four
 representative values are considered. Noise reduction benefits are
 represented by two cost components: annoyance and health risk. Railway
 crossings are evaluated by operating and accident costs. Excess travel
 time for pedestrians is used as the key index to measure urban separation.
 Finally, the value of the landscape is quantified based on an
 anthropocentric method in the form of the transfer of benefits. In the
 calculation of these benefits, the local parameters of Korea are applied
 for realistic estimates while a universal methodology for each component
 is adopted for securing theoretical validities. There are also some other
 components that are not included in this appraisal such as congestion and
 scarcity costs, air pollution, climate change, and land reuse. These
 excluded elements are either not directly related to the purpose of this
 study or are related to the problem of double counting, which should be
 avoided. A sensitivity analysis about the catchment area shows drastic
 changes in benefit estimates, which signifies the need for careful
 interpretation of the appraisal. The concluding section suggests a
 direction for future studies, including a cost-benefit analysis and an
 ex-post investigation.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 404-415 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2014 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2014.934270 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2014.934270 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:18:y:2014:i:3:p:404-415




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sang-Jin Kim 
Author-X-Name-First: Sang-Jin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim 
Author-Name: Hyunwoo Lim 
Author-X-Name-First: Hyunwoo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lim 
Author-Name: Minyoung Park 
Author-X-Name-First: Minyoung 
Author-X-Name-Last: Park 
Title: Analysing the cost efficiency of parcel distribution networks with changes in demand 
Abstract:
 Demand for parcel delivery services has rapidly increased recently mainly
 due to the tremendous growth of e-commerce worldwide. Responding to
 changes in parcel volume with small-sized frequent shipments poses a great
 challenge to parcel delivery companies, as they need to rationalize the
 cost of operating and maintaining their physical distribution networks,
 while achieving acceptable level of on-time delivery rate throughout their
 large market areas. The objective of this paper is to analyse the impact
 of increasing demand on the parcel distribution network structures in
 terms of minimizing transportation and sortation costs. Based on the case
 of South Korean parcel delivery industry, this study simulated various
 types of networks including point-to-point, hub-and-spoke, and multiple
 hub structure with parcel demand changes. This study can provide
 well-prepared adaptive network design strategies to parcel delivery
 service providers for various possible demand changes over the long term.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 416-429 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 18 
Year: 2014 
Month: 11  
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2014.975152 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2014.975152 
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File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:18:y:2014:i:3:p:416-429




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: G�ran Therborn 
Author-X-Name-First: G�ran 
Author-X-Name-Last: Therborn 
Title: Cities and power 
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 1-6 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2015.969416 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2015.969416 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:19:y:2015:i:1:p:1-6




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: James F. Osborne 
Author-X-Name-First: James F. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Osborne 
Title: Ancient cities and power: the archaeology of urbanism in the Iron Age capitals of northern Mesopotamia 
Abstract:
 This paper explores the expression of power in the built environment of
 ancient cities, using two case studies from the middle Iron Age (early
 first millennium BCE) ancient Near East: the capital cities of the
 Syro-Anatolian city-states in southern Turkey and northern Syria, and
 those of the Neo-Assyrian Empire in northern Iraq. A functional approach
 to urbanism, which defines cities based on their influence in the
 surrounding region, leads to the conclusion that although the expression
 of power in these two cultures' major cities is superficially similar
 (though different in scale), incorporating the surrounding landscape into
 the discussion reveals how empires are more comprehensive than city-states
 in creating entire landscapes that communicate power in their built
 environment.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 7-19 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2014.969297 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2014.969297 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:19:y:2015:i:1:p:7-19




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Margarita Gutman 
Author-X-Name-First: Margarita 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gutman 
Title: Hidden and exposed faces of power in Buenos Aires 
Abstract:
 This article presents the expressions of two opposite types of power in
 the city of Buenos Aires, separated from each other by some 30 years
 (1976-2010). They are opposites in the way they manifest themselves: one,
 hidden, subterranean, sinister and silent; the other, extroverted and
 multitudinous, filling streets and public squares. Their nature, agents
 and goals are different, but the physical urban sphere in which power is
 exercised, and the social body on which the latter is imposed, is the
 same: the capital city and its population, and, by extension, the country
 as a whole.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 20-28 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2014.975151 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2014.975151 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:19:y:2015:i:1:p:20-28




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alan Mabin 
Author-X-Name-First: Alan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mabin 
Title: Tshwane and spaces of power in South Africa 
Abstract:
 South Africa has multiple national capitals. The largest arm of the
 government - the executive and administration - is seated in Pretoria
 whose municipal authority has adopted the name City of Tshwane since the
 regime change of 1994. Founded in 1855, the city now has 3 million
 inhabitants: it is also part of a much larger 'city region', including
 Johannesburg, with a population over 12 million, concentrating the major
 part of economic power in the country. The city has witnessed, indeed to
 some extent hosted, remarkable changes in South African society over the
 past two decades. Most obviously, the composition of the government has
 altered greatly. Yet these signs of change are not unilateral; beside the
 persistence of older forms, there exist obvious elements of symbolic
 change. The ways the city looks, is laid out, and functions are
 elaborated. This paper considers the national and global positioning of
 the city.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 29-39 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3  
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2014.982689 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2014.982689 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:19:y:2015:i:1:p:29-39




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Swati Chattopadhyay 
Author-X-Name-First: Swati 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chattopadhyay 
Title: Cities of power and protest: spatial legibility and the colonial state in early twentieth-century India 
Abstract:
 It is a commonplace in Indian history that the decision to move the
 colonial capital from Calcutta to New Delhi was spurred by the political
 landscape of Calcutta: anticolonial nationalism had made Calcutta
 ungovernable. What is rarely asked is exactly what aspect of the urban
 attributes and political landscape of the city prompted this reaction?
 What made it difficult or impossible to carve out a twentieth-century
 imperial diagram in Calcutta? Based on readings of the nationalist and
 terrorist movements launched in Calcutta (and Bengal) during the first two
 decades of the twentieth century, I argue that what was at stake was the
 spatial legibility of the state. If New Delhi produced a clear description
 of the imperial state, making it visually explicit, Calcutta defied this
 legibility of the state. Anticolonial nationalism fundamentally altered
 the political geography of Calcutta as the capital city of empire: the
 colonial archives tell a story of a spatially beleaguered state. The story
 describes the process through which city space, even those that display
 the most authoritative diagram of power, is appropriated and
 disarticulated to produce a new political field.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 40-52 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2014.980303 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2014.980303 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:19:y:2015:i:1:p:40-52




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Abidin Kusno 
Author-X-Name-First: Abidin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kusno 
Title: Power and time turning: The capital, the state and the kampung in Jakarta 
Abstract:
 This paper seeks to show how a city such as Jakarta both shape and is
 shaped by three overlapping forces within which it is embedded. They are
 the creative destruction of capitalism, the violence of state categories
 in managing population, and the force of the vernacular environment or
 kampung in constituting the power of the city. Each force has its temporal
 rhythm with different cadences in chronological time. The interaction of
 these three forces constitutes a web of structure that shapes the power of
 the city. I end with an urban imagining of the current (city) government
 who works in the field of these three forces.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 53-63 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2014.992938 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2014.992938 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:19:y:2015:i:1:p:53-63




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Karl Schl�gel 
Author-X-Name-First: Karl 
Author-X-Name-Last: Schl�gel 
Title: Planet Moscow, a guide to the changing landscape of power 
Abstract:
 Moscow is unique in many ways: the city that concentrates the political,
 economic and symbolic power of the largest country of the world. Layout,
 structure and aesthetic forms reflect Russian history over the centuries.
 The absolute concentration of wealth and power makes the city in the vast
 spaces of Russia an isolated planet, where one can observe and analyse the
 ruptures of Russian and European history, especially in the twentieth
 century.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 64-72 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2014.966139 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2014.966139 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:19:y:2015:i:1:p:64-72




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xuefei Ren 
Author-X-Name-First: Xuefei 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ren 
Title: City power and urban fiscal crises: the USA, China, and India 
Abstract:
 This essay comparatively examines the current urban fiscal crisis in US,
 Chinese, and Indian cities from the perspective of city power. The urban
 fiscal crisis in the USA is closely linked to the subprime mortgage crisis
 of 2008 as municipal governments largely depend on property tax as revenue
 sources. In China, municipal debt has increased sharply since 2008, not
 because of the recession, but because of the binge borrowing and
 overinvestment in infrastructure under the state stimulus programme, which
 was initiated by the central government to minimize the effects of the
 global recession on the Chinese economy. In India, cities have been in a
 perpetual state of fiscal crisis due to the stalled devolution of power
 from state to municipal governments. The comparison on authority,
 responsibility, and fiscal autonomy of city governments in the three
 countries demonstrates that the urban fiscal crisis has to be understood
 in plural terms, as the various assemblages of city power have given rise
 to a multitude of urban fiscal crises with different origins and
 consequences.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 73-81 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3  
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2014.991746 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2014.991746 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:19:y:2015:i:1:p:73-81




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kuniko Fujita 
Author-X-Name-First: Kuniko 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fujita 
Title: The landscape of Tokyo power 
Abstract:
 What kinds of power do capital cities of the world manifest in their built
 environments? This paper approaches capital cities' built environment from
 state power and urban power that inherently belongs to the city itself.
 Drawing the concept of urban power from urban sciences, the paper defines
 it as the combination of urban historical legacy, urban renewal power, and
 the economies of scale. Then, it explores the interplay between these two
 powers that are manifested in the landscape of Tokyo. It concludes that
 the landscape of capital city Tokyo manifests not only state power but
 also the dynamic of these two powers that play out in the simultaneously
 reinforcing and antagonizing manner.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 82-92 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2014.980302 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2014.980302 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:19:y:2015:i:1:p:82-92




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carola Hein 
Author-X-Name-First: Carola 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hein 
Title: Cities (and regions) within a city: subnational representations and the creation of European imaginaries in Brussels 
Abstract:
 This article explores how sub-national institutions - representations from
 cities and regions - help create a European imaginary in Brussels.
 Political scientists and other scholars have noted the importance of these
 city and regional institutions, but have paid little attention to their
 physical form. Through a select set of case studies, this article analyses
 the vast impact that small-scale interventions in the use and
 re-imagination of select buildings occupied by the subnational
 institutions have on Brussels' urban form and function. Focusing on
 representations from German states, notably the city-states of Hamburg and
 Bremen, and including select other city and regional offices, the present
 article offers some first ideas of how the physical presence of these
 small entities transforms European Brussels. It asks how the selection,
 construction, reuse and restoration of buildings for the subnational
 institutions reshape the urban patterns of Brussels, how their
 architecture and external decoration contribute to the creation of a
 European narrative within the city, and how the institutional actors use
 Brussels' buildings in their print marketing and web presences
 constructing entangled European and regional identities.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 93-107 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2014.980304 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2014.980304 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:19:y:2015:i:1:p:93-107




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Patsy Healey 
Author-X-Name-First: Patsy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Healey 
Title: Citizen-generated local development initiative: recent English experience 
Abstract:
 This paper looks at the civil society enterprises which have been emerging
 in many parts of Europe in recent years, focusing on the experience in
 England. Rather than forms of citizen 'participation' in public policy,
 these enterprises involve the direct provision of goods and services
 through citizen-generated initiatives. They respond to the deficiencies
 arising from financial constraints and changes in the public sector's role
 and from inadequacies in the quality of market delivery of welfare
 services. They also reflect a search by citizens for more locally
 sensitive provision of goods and services. The paper briefly reviews the
 place of civil society enterprises, illustrated with examples from
 relatively successful ones which have emerged in the past two decades. The
 paper concludes with a commentary on what has enabled these enterprises to
 get started and grow in scale and scope, how they relate to the formal
 government sector and their potential future.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 109-118 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2015 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2014.989892 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2014.989892 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:19:y:2015:i:2:p:109-118




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Klaus R. Kunzmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Klaus R. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kunzmann 
Title: Urbanization in China: learning from Europe? A European perspective 
Abstract:
 The enormous economic development of China has accelerated the process of
 urbanization in the country. The unprecedented growth of the large cities
 in China is attracting the interest of architects and planners,
 politicians and policy advisors of businesses and investors, as well as
 journalists and even artists. The field has become a much-favoured arena
 for Western politics, trade and businesses and scholarly research. The
 Chinese government, in turn, is desperately seeking ways and means as to
 how to cope with the social implications of the ongoing urbanization
 process, with widening disparities between the large urban agglomerations
 and rural regions. Now, Europe comes to the focus. The countries of the
 'old' continent are considered a rich source of experience for addressing
 the manifold economic, physical, cultural, social and environmental
 challenge of polarizing urbanization. The paper explores whether the
 urbanization process in China can learn from European experience in urban
 and regional planning.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 119-135 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2015 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2015.1043325 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2015.1043325 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:19:y:2015:i:2:p:119-135




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul A. Barter 
Author-X-Name-First: Paul A. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Barter 
Title: A parking policy typology for clearer thinking on parking reform 
Abstract:
 This paper contends that the absence of a widely understood typology of
 parking policy approaches is causing confusion in an important urban
 policy arena. This is apparent across the parking policy literature, both
 academic and practical, and across several regions. Previous typologies
 are reviewed and found to be either incomplete, overly simplistic,
 inaccurate, or failing to offer insight beyond merely describing the
 diversity. None enables much insight into the thinking behind each
 approach and reform thrust. To remedy this gap, a new approach to
 classifying parking policies is proposed. It is based on making explicit
 the contrasting mindsets behind different parking reform directions. A
 review of geographical diversity (both international and within
 metropolitan areas) is presented. This allows the value of the taxonomy to
 be evaluated, as well as enabling some refinements. Three main mindsets
 are posited, with each being defined by answers to two key questions. Each
 mindset has contrasting assumptions about the nature of parking as an
 economic good. Further detail in the typology is enabled through a third
 dimension based on one further question. New clarity provided by the new
 classification approach should reduce the tendency for parking debates to
 be confounded by the conflation of distinct reforms, by false dichotomies
 and by 'straw man' portrayals of key alternatives.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 136-156 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2015 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2014.927740 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2014.927740 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:19:y:2015:i:2:p:136-156




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ling Hin Li 
Author-X-Name-First: Ling Hin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Li 
Title: State or market: the role of the government in urban village regeneration in China 
Abstract:
 Urban regeneration is a natural response of recycling resources in our
 urban development strategy to the problem of urban decay. Since urban
 regeneration invariably involves property rights as well as wealth
 redistribution, it usually lends itself to a tight scrutiny by the society
 even though some actors in the process may claim that renewal of old and
 obsolete physical structures is merely a normal economic activity that can
 be accommodated effectively within the market mechanism. Urban
 regeneration therefore becomes a complex process that involves intriguing
 interaction among various stakeholders in dealing with spatial
 reorganization due to urban physical and economic decay. In this paper, we
 will first examine the literature on the state-market dynamics, followed
 by a general discussion of urban regeneration against the backdrop of the
 interaction between the state and the market. Finally, the discussion of
 such state-market interaction will be channelled to a more focused spatial
 context of regenerating urban villages in China. In doing so, we hope to
 contribute to the current literature on how the state, stakeholders and
 the market interact during this complex process of regeneration.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 157-167 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2015 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2015.1043327 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2015.1043327 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:19:y:2015:i:2:p:157-167




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dohyung Kim 
Author-X-Name-First: Dohyung 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim 
Author-Name: Jooil Lee 
Author-X-Name-First: Jooil 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee 
Author-Name: Simon Choi 
Author-X-Name-First: Simon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Choi 
Title: Balancing mobility and CO<sub>2</sub> reduction by a mode share scheme: a comparison of Los Angeles and Seoul metropolitan areas 
Abstract:
 Planning approaches towards the promotion of public transit are widely
 discussed among planners and policy-makers to reduce the greenhouse gas
 (GHG) emissions from automobiles and light-duty trucks. However, one of
 significant side effects created by these approaches is decreased
 mobility. Since mobility is the critical foundation for the economic
 development of cities, it is important to balance the level of regional
 mobility and GHG reduction achieved by a mode share scheme. Using the
 Cobb-Douglas functions, this paper attempts to identify the best mode
 share scheme for an urban passenger transportation system to achieve the
 maximum reduction of GHG emissions, while maintaining the current carrying
 capacity of the public transit system and regional mobility in the Los
 Angeles Metropolitan Area (LAMA) and the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA).
 This paper identifies that both metropolitan areas can reduce
 CO<sub>2</sub> emissions by the best public transit mode share. However,
 it suggests that the CO<sub>2</sub> reductions achieved by the mode share
 adjustment of the areas are noticeably different, indicating that LAMA and
 SMA can reduce 3.5% and 20.6% of their current CO<sub>2</sub> emissions
 through the adjustment of mode share, respectively. This paper concludes
 that a sprawled, automobile-oriented city like Los Angeles can achieve
 limited CO<sub>2</sub> emission reductions by adjusting public transit
 mode share, compared to Seoul, which is a dense, compact city.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 168-181 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2015 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2014.970569 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2014.970569 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:19:y:2015:i:2:p:168-181




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sun-Kwan Lee 
Author-X-Name-First: Sun-Kwan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee 
Author-Name: Euijune Kim 
Author-X-Name-First: Euijune 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim 
Title: The effects of highway investments on production costs in the Korean manufacturing sector 
Abstract:
 The purpose of this paper is to analyse the impact of highway projects on
 production costs using the demands of production factors and production
 cost functions for Korean cities. The major contributions that are
 distinguishable from previous works are to integrate the cost function
 with the transportation demand model for the impact analysis of the
 highway project and to estimate the cost savings of manufacturing
 production with the reduction of the travel time. This approach goes on to
 identify how the development of highways could decrease the production
 costs of the manufacturing sectors across regions. The model is applied to
 two highway routes, the SN and EW projects. Although the investment
 expenditures of the SN highway are expected to be much higher than those
 of the EW, this project can improve not only the accessibilities of
 manufacturing-oriented cities, but also the urbanization effects by the
 population agglomeration in the Seoul Metropolitan Area. The approach in
 this paper is expected to contribute to setting up the economic priorities
 of highway projects.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 182-191 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2015 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2014.980301 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2014.980301 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:19:y:2015:i:2:p:182-191




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bidyut Chakrabarty 
Author-X-Name-First: Bidyut 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chakrabarty 
Title: Localizing governance in India: pros and cons 
Abstract:
 Governance is localized in the wake of the state being a mere enabler.
 This has serious theoretical consequences in our conceptualization of
 governance especially in the developing countries where the Weberian
 hierarchy-driven public administration is well entrenched due presumably
 to a long colonial rule. Contrary to conventional public administration,
 the governance discourse seems to have set in motion processes whereby
 questions are raised over the applicability of the traditional model of
 governance in which citizens become mere 'recipients' and not
 'instigators' of decisions affecting their life. Change is visible
 everywhere. In India, two definite forms of local governance&nbsp;-
 <italic>Bhagidari</italic> in Delhi and <italic>panchayati raj</italic> in
 West Bengal&nbsp;- have become prominent showing the growing importance of
 citizens in public administration and the gradual decline of the
 governmental institutions in framing and executing rules and regulations
 for public. These models approximate to the Gandhi's conceptualization of
 villages being 'an organic whole' of the masses drawing on their voluntary
 participation in governance. Inspired by Henry Maine, the Mahatma put into
 practice a new scheme of participatory governance in which the role of
 individual is as important as that of the collectivity which is also a
 departure from the conventional liberal point of view.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 192-205 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2015 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2014.985699 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2014.985699 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:19:y:2015:i:2:p:192-205




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yoon-jung Kim 
Author-X-Name-First: Yoon-jung 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim 
Author-Name: Mack Joong Choi 
Author-X-Name-First: Mack Joong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Choi 
Title: Why have big construction companies replaced real estate developers in Korea? 
Abstract:
 This study examines the relevance of a developmental state for the current
 inactive presence of real estate developers in Korea. During its period of
 economic development, Korea's developmental state played an exclusive role
 in large-scale land supply and placed strict price controls on new housing
 which consequently curtailed the entrepreneurial role of developers.
 Moreover, the state's deliberate restriction of capital flowing into the
 real estate industry has left developers with no choice but to rely upon
 their own capital. Therefore, big construction companies that had the
 necessary financial strength were well suited to act as both developers
 and builders, maximizing profit from massive physical construction and
 controlling costs through maintaining minimum quality standards. This
 study argues that as the developmental functions of the state weaken, the
 industry will experience a growing professionalization of real estate
 developers, particularly with the increasing availability of capital that
 would trigger development.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 206-223 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2015 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2014.999818 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2014.999818 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:19:y:2015:i:2:p:206-223




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kyung Hwan Lee 
Author-X-Name-First: Kyung Hwan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee 
Author-Name: Dong Hyuk Won 
Author-X-Name-First: Dong Hyuk 
Author-X-Name-Last: Won 
Author-Name: Eun Jeong Ko 
Author-X-Name-First: Eun Jeong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ko 
Title: The multiple impacts of the neighbourhood environment on the use of public bicycles by residents: an empirical study of Changwon in Korea 
Abstract:
 Recently, there has been growing, worldwide interest in bicycle use as an
 eco-friendly transportation mode. The purpose of this study is to analyse
 the effects of neighbourhood environments on the use of public bicycles by
 residents based on a case study from Changwon, one of the world's leading
 cities in terms of its public bicycle system. The study conducted a survey
 in order to collect data, and a hierarchical linear model provided
 statistical analysis. A total of 276 local residents in an urban area of
 Changwon made up the sample size. Results of the analysis show that public
 bicycle use to commute or go to school was influenced by public bicycle
 infrastructure, such as public bicycle terminals and bicycle lanes. In
 detail, as the distance from residences to public bicycle terminals and
 bicycle lanes became closer than 100 metres, the probability of residents
 using a public bicycle to commute or go to school increased by 4.48% and
 7.80%, respectively. In addition, shorter distances to work or school
 increased the use of public bicycles to commute or go to school. Thus, the
 job-housing balance was verified to be a crucial factor in revitalizing
 public bicycle use. In addition, how residents perceive the quality of
 their neighbourhood environment affects their public bicycle use.
 Therefore, in an effort to encourage public bicycle use, planners should
 consider qualitative factors such as enhancing the quality of bicycle
 lanes, bike facilities, and the diversity of the street environment, as
 well as land use and accessibility to facilities.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 224-237 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2015 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2014.1002523 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2014.1002523 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:19:y:2015:i:2:p:224-237




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dong Lin 
Author-X-Name-First: Dong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lin 
Author-Name: Andrew Allan 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew 
Author-X-Name-Last: Allan 
Author-Name: Jianqiang Cui 
Author-X-Name-First: Jianqiang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cui 
Title: The impacts of urban spatial structure and socio-economic factors on patterns of commuting: a review 
Abstract:
 Previous studies have reported that urban spatial structure and the
 spatial relationship between jobs and housing are strongly correlated with
 commuting patterns. Nevertheless, a number of studies have also supported
 the concept that the spatial relationship between workplaces and
 residences cannot be the only reason behind observed commuting behaviour.
 Some 'soft' factors also affect people's commuting patterns. When
 considering these 'soft' factors, urban land development patterns such as
 urban structure and the spatial relationship between jobs and housing must
 not be overlooked. In this paper, we first conduct a brief review of the
 debate about how urban spatial structure and the jobs-housing relationship
 affect commuting patterns. Then we mainly focus on the 'soft' factors
 related to commuting behaviour. We divided the 'soft factors' into
 city-level factors and individual- and household-level factors. These
 perspectives will offer insights to identify a set of key factors that
 could affect the patterns of commuting.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 238-255 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2015 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2015.1016092 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2015.1016092 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:19:y:2015:i:2:p:238-255




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Raul P. Lejano 
Author-X-Name-First: Raul P. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lejano 
Author-Name: Wing-Shan Kan 
Author-X-Name-First: Wing-Shan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kan 
Title: Seeing urban regeneration through an institutional lens: toward a new contextualism 
Abstract:
 One of the 'tools' of urban regeneration is discourse - that is, the
 social construction of new strategies for uplifting parts of the city. In
 this article, we take an institutionalist approach and contrast textualist
 urban development regimes from contextualist ones, building on recent
 theoretical advances in institutional contextualism. A review of the
 institutional literature underscores the utility of this lens in analysing
 the discourse and practice of urban regeneration. We demonstrate the
 contrast between text and context in practice and point to a new
 contextualism in urban planning and design. Drawing upon examples from
 Hong Kong, we discuss particular challenges, such as textual autopoiesis,
 for regenerative urban design.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 257-268 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2015 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2015.1043328 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2015.1043328 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:19:y:2015:i:3:p:257-268




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dan Immergluck 
Author-X-Name-First: Dan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Immergluck 
Title: A look back: what we now know about the causes of the US mortgage crisis 
Abstract:
 This article reviews what we know about the causes of the US mortgage
 crisis, almost a decade after the crisis began. The paper summarizes the
 key forces that led to the crisis or, in some cases, to the development of
 a fundamentally fragile mortgage market, whose vulnerability helped enable
 the crisis. While some factors, such as federal policies pre-empting state
 consumer protection laws, were near-term spurs to higher levels of
 subprime lending, others - such as the migration of lending activity from
 savings and loans to less regulated mortgage companies - led to the
 development of a mortgage market that was more risk-loving, less
 regulated, and more prone to cataclysmic failure.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 269-285 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2015 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2015.1044460 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2015.1044460 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:19:y:2015:i:3:p:269-285




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: William L. Eisele 
Author-X-Name-First: William L. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Eisele 
Author-Name: Bhaven Naik 
Author-X-Name-First: Bhaven 
Author-X-Name-Last: Naik 
Author-Name: Laurence R. Rilett 
Author-X-Name-First: Laurence R. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rilett 
Title: Estimating route travel time reliability from simultaneously collected link and route vehicle probe data and roadway sensor data 
Abstract:
 Route travel time variability estimates provide performance information
 related to the reliability of a trip and allow for confidence bands to be
 placed around the mean travel time estimates. The na�ve (and sometimes
 used) method to estimate route travel time variance (reliability) is to
 assume independence of link travel times and consequently sum the
 individual link variances along the route. In this approach, correlation
 between links is assumed as zero and the approach is straightforward, but
 assuming independence is not realistic. This paper describes a
 post-processing procedure for providing improved route travel time mean
 and variance estimates, while taking into consideration the correlation
 existent between individual link travel times. Using automatic vehicle
 identification (AVI) and inductance loop detector (ILD) data from two
 separate routes in Texas, a practical application of the theory
 established by Fu and Rilett (1998. Expected shortest paths in dynamic and
 stochastic traffic networks. <italic>Transportation Research Part B:
 Methodological</italic>, <italic>32</italic>(7), 499-516) is used to
 quantify link travel time correlation. The paper also provides an
 investigation on the usefulness of the loess statistical method and a
 polynomial regression model to estimate the distributional properties of
 link and route travel times. Another significant finding is that route
 reliability estimated from link ILD speeds (extrapolated to travel times)
 was not correlated to actual route travel time reliability measured by
 simultaneously operated probe vehicles. This work is unique in that
 instrumented probe vehicles were operated at exactly the same times as the
 roadway sensor data were collected, allowing direct comparison of the
 travel time estimates from all empirical data sources. The research
 presents valuable insight on how confidence intervals may be placed on
 travel time mean estimates for all traffic conditions. With the increased
 use of travel time data sources such as smartphones, connected vehicles,
 and private-sector data sources, the methods presented in this paper are
 invaluable for effective transportation system performance monitoring of
 both persons and freight movement.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 286-304 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2015 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2015.1064778 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2015.1064778 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:19:y:2015:i:3:p:286-304




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mina Chae 
Author-X-Name-First: Mina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chae 
Author-Name: Tae Seung Kim 
Author-X-Name-First: Tae Seung 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim 
Title: Factors affecting the development of hub airport clusters: focusing on the roles of low-cost carriers in the Asia-Pacific region 
Abstract:
 This paper investigates the impact of policy measures for the development
 of hub airport clusters on the efficiency of airports, especially focusing
 the role of low-cost carriers (LCCs) in the Asia-Pacific region. The
 policy measures evaluated in this paper are the market share of LCCs and
 long-distance haul, transit ratio, and landing fee, which have been
 adopted in most airports by the governments in the region. The results
 based on an unbalanced panel data set from 11 airports (groups) for the
 2001-2013 period show that LCCs contribute to the operational efficiency
 of airports but not to their financial efficiency and that policy measures
 have not worked well as intended, except for reducing landing fees.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 305-319 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2015 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2015.1100091 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2015.1100091 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:19:y:2015:i:3:p:305-319




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kyunghee Choi 
Author-X-Name-First: Kyunghee 
Author-X-Name-Last: Choi 
Author-Name: Deokho Cho 
Author-X-Name-First: Deokho 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cho 
Title: An effect analysis of regional research and development support policies: focused on Gyeongbuk province in Korea 
Abstract:
 Regional industry policies, including regional research and development
 (R&D) policies, have been initiated since 1998 in Korea. Despite the need
 for performance evaluation, the evaluation studies of the regional R&D
 support policies are lacking. This study analyses the effect of regional
 R&D support policies on firm's innovative and economic performance,
 focusing on Gyeongbuk province and adopting the propensity score matching
 (PSM) method to deal with the problem of selection bias. The
 characteristics that influence the participation of the firm in the
 regional R&D support were analysed as age, R&D department, exports, and
 the electronics/information appliances industry. The government needs to
 encourage the firms to have an absorptive capacity by establishing R&D
 departments. Regional R&D support was analysed to have no significant
 effects on the commercialization of developed technology, patent
 applications, new employees, and sales of new products. Though the effect
 is not statistically significant, it is nonetheless not meaningless,
 considering the short elapsed time. We can expect that the performance
 will improve in the future considering the fact that the outputs of the
 R&D programmes are generated over many years. The regional R&D support
 policies are expected to contribute to strengthening the regional
 innovation system by improving the regional firms' innovative capacity in
 the long term. By adopting the PSM method, the study could potentially
 eliminate estimation error resulting from the simple comparison between
 the treatment group and the control group. It is necessary to take special
 note of the design of the survey in order to adopt the PSM method.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 320-342 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2015 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2015.1043326 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2015.1043326 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:19:y:2015:i:3:p:320-342




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ib�n D�az-Parra 
Author-X-Name-First: Ib�n 
Author-X-Name-Last: D�az-Parra 
Title: A back to the city movement by local government action: gentrification in Spain and Latin America 
Abstract:
 Studies on gentrification in Spain and Latin America have been
 proliferating rapidly in recent years. It has provoked debates on the
 applicability of the concept and the particular characteristics that the
 process takes. In this context, the study looks at the transformation of
 city centres in Spain and Latin America through various case studies in
 which the use of the concept of gentrification is advocated, while drawing
 attention to the notable differences in the urban, social and economic
 spheres between these cases and the ones studied in English-speaking
 countries. Specifically, a key feature is claimed to be the primacy of
 state intervention as a catalyst of the process, so that gentrification in
 this region can be understood as a return to the city of local government
 action.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 343-363 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2015 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2015.1045306 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2015.1045306 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:19:y:2015:i:3:p:343-363




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jung Won Sonn 
Author-X-Name-First: Jung Won 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sonn 
Author-Name: Dongheon Lee 
Author-X-Name-First: Dongheon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee 
Title: Heterogeneity as the source of the state's resilience: the case of spatial planning under state-led neoliberalization in South Korea 
Abstract:
 Existing theories on the state and neoliberalism demonstrate that the
 state is resilient enough to restructure itself under neoliberalization of
 the economy. These theories, however, do not explain exactly how and why
 the state can be resilient. Using the case of spatial planning in South
 Korea around the turn of the millennium, when neoliberalism was an
 apparent consensus and the economy clearly was neoliberalized, this paper
 attempts to demonstrate that the source of the state's resilience is the
 heterogeneity of the neoliberal consensus. Neoliberalism, as a
 geographically and historically specific ideology in South Korea, combines
 political liberalism, economic conservatism, resistant regionalism, and
 localism. This heterogeneity within the neoliberal consensus in the ruling
 block allows the state to interpret neoliberalism in such a way that it
 can maintain a strong hold on its spatial economy by combining various
 spatial planning measures and simultaneously adjusting its spatial economy
 to accord with the neoliberalization of the global economy.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 364-378 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2015 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2015.1071676 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2015.1071676 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:19:y:2015:i:3:p:364-378




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wadu Mesthrige Jayantha 
Author-X-Name-First: Wadu Mesthrige 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jayantha 
Author-Name: Chu Chun Ming 
Author-X-Name-First: Chu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chun Ming 
Title: The effect of urban redevelopment on retail shopping property values: a case study in Hong Kong 
Abstract:
 Purpose - Redevelopment, an essential aspect of the urban regeneration
 process, brings positive externalities to neighbourhoods. This study
 evaluates the effect of the improvements of neighbourhoods, brought about
 by redevelopment, on nearby ground-floor retail shopping property values.
 This study uses a hedonic price model to determine whether there is a
 relationship between redevelopment work and nearby shopping property
 values and the influence of neighbourhood improvements on the price of
 shopping properties if there is such relationship. The analysis is based
 on three large-scale redevelopment projects, each having a commercial
 space ranging from 30,000 to 50,000 sq.ft. The results show that an
 improved neighbourhood environment brings significant value enhancement to
 nearby shopping properties. Potential tenants are willing to pay a sale
 rental price premium ranging from 13% to 34% on shops located near
 redeveloped areas. The results also reveal that potential shop tenants are
 willing to pay a premium of 0.1% more on a shop with a cockloft. These
 findings imply that a neighbourhood environment that has been improved
 through well-planned redevelopment projects adds value to nearby
 properties. This study contributes an indication of the amount a tenant or
 buyer would be willing to pay on shops near redeveloped areas and can be
 used as a reference for users, developers and investors.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 379-399 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2015 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2015.1095111 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2015.1095111 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:19:y:2015:i:3:p:379-399




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gyu Hwan Kim 
Author-X-Name-First: Gyu Hwan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim 
Author-Name: In Kwon Park 
Author-X-Name-First: In Kwon 
Author-X-Name-Last: Park 
Title: Agglomeration economies in knowledge production over the industry life cycle: evidence from the ICT industry in the Seoul Capital Area, South Korea 
Abstract:
 It is well acknowledged that agglomeration economies contribute to
 knowledge production, which is crucial in the current knowledge-based
 economy. The literature on evolutionary agglomeration stresses that the
 effects of agglomeration economies may vary depending on the industry life
 cycle. But much is not known about what sources of agglomeration economies
 play an important role in knowledge production at each stage of the life
 cycle: industrial localization versus diversification, and leadership by
 large firms versus competition among small firms. This study investigates
 knowledge production in the Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
 industry in the capital area around Seoul, South Korea, to answer this
 question. A panel data set for the patent applications during the period
 of 2006-2011 is used to model knowledge production in terms of different
 sources of agglomeration economies. The results show that distinct
 patterns can be found depending on the industry life cycle. Leadership by
 large firms has positive effects on knowledge production during the growth
 stage (2006-2009), while its effects become insignificant during the
 maturity stage (2009-2011). This is in line with the expectations of
 evolutionary agglomeration theory. The effects of industrial diversity
 change from negative to insignificant as the ICT industry enters the
 maturity stage. In the meantime, competition always has positive effects,
 while localization always has no significant effects.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 400-417 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 19 
Year: 2015 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2015.1083461 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2015.1083461 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:19:y:2015:i:3:p:400-417




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Diane E. Davis 
Author-X-Name-First: Diane E. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Davis 
Title: Reflections on the relations between development and urbanization: past trajectories and future challenges 
Abstract:
 This article examines the inter-relationship between economic prosperity
 and the growth of cities, tracing the field from its original
 preoccupation with over-urbanization and under-development in the 1950s
 and 1960s to its current fixation on dynamic global cities with
 redeveloped property markets that showcase new forms of wealth creation.
 The historical change in emphasis chronicled here is understood to be a
 combined product of three different causalities. The first is the shift
 from industrialization to financial and other services as the principal
 source of wealth creation in the post-1980s era. The second is the
 changing territorial scale of accumulation, reflected in the shifting
 importance of global markets vis-&#xe0;-vis national markets and in the
 increasingly key mediating role that cities play in facilitating this
 transition. The third is the rescaling of state power, seen not just in
 terms of decentralization but also in the declining capacities of national
 states to discipline global investors in an era of intensifying economic
 liberalization. The entry ends with a discussion of the emergent social
 and spatial problems that accompany these shifts, ranging from the rise of
 urban informality to dispossession and displacement to newfound struggles
 over urban property rights.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 1-14 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2016 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2016.1143784 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2016.1143784 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: R. S. Thilakaratne 
Author-X-Name-First: R. S. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Thilakaratne 
Author-Name: S. C. Wirasinghe 
Author-X-Name-First: S. C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wirasinghe 
Title: Implementation of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) on an optimal segment of a long regular bus route 
Abstract:
 Major public transit routes evolve overtime due to changes in demand
 caused by variations, for example, in land use, household income. As well
 there are demand/supply interactions due to implementation of new transit
 technologies such as Light Rail Transit or Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) and/or
 changes in mode of service, for example, skip-stop operations. Planning
 for such transitions must be done carefully and well in advance to enable
 on-time implementation. In this paper, we consider the transition from a
 long, regular bus route in a corridor to a route with a limited stop BRT
 along a segment of the corridor and a modified regular bus service along
 its full length. This problem is often faced by transit agencies when they
 try to make decisions regarding the design parameters of a BRT service.
 This transition can increase the average speed and maximum possible
 passenger flow on the route. The proposed approach optimizes the headways
 of the regular and BRT routes, and chooses the termini of the BRT segment
 as well as the limited BRT stops. Priority for BRT service is given to
 O--D pairs with a high value of passenger-hours, essentially the
 &#x2018;product of the travel demand and the travel time&#x2019;. Total
 optimal system costs before and after the mode transition is considered
 through analytical modelling, and a simple equation is derived for the
 difference. If the new optimal total system cost, including costs
 associated with passenger in-vehicle travel time, waiting time, vehicle
 operating costs, and system capital costs, is lower, the transition is
 favoured. Insights into the proposed transition are provided through the
 analytical modelling approach.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 15-29 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2016 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2015.1133317 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2015.1133317 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sohee Lee 
Author-X-Name-First: Sohee 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee 
Author-Name: Tsutomu Suzuki 
Author-X-Name-First: Tsutomu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Suzuki 
Title: A scenario approach to the evaluation of sustainable urban structure for reducing carbon dioxide emissions in Seoul 
Abstract:
 The effort to reduce carbon dioxide emissions has become an important
 issue in a variety of fields, including urban systems. Hence, a more
 detailed planning policy, with appropriate approaches to evaluation, is
 necessary to determine the future urban spatial structure. In this paper,
 we utilize geographic information system (GIS) to estimate the travel
 times for journeys undertaken by automobiles and subway systems, and a
 modal split model is proposed to estimate the modal share. Then, the
 reduction ratio of carbon dioxide emissions is evaluated by assessing
 several scenarios intended to determine the best policy directions for
 reorganizing the urban spatial structure, with the aim of lowering the
 environmental impacts. As a result, a reduction of carbon dioxide
 emissions could be achieved in the following ways: (1) long distance
 commutes could be reduced by increasing residential spaces where jobs are
 plentiful, (2) areas where accessibility to stations is good and also
 where the modal share of subways is high should be given priority for
 development, and (3) commutes could be decreased by improving the
 jobs--housing balance.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 30-48 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2016 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2015.1113141 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2015.1113141 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yishao Shi 
Author-X-Name-First: Yishao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shi 
Author-Name: Yongjian Chen 
Author-X-Name-First: Yongjian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen 
Title: New city planning and construction in Shanghai: retrospective and prospective 
Abstract:
 New city construction in metropolitan suburbs is an important step in
 optimizing the metropolitan spatial structure, an effective way to remit
 widespread urban diseases, and a concrete way to promote the integration
 of urban and rural areas. This paper summarizes the main features of the
 third-generation new city construction in Shanghai, analyses the problems
 and deficiencies in conceptual intentions, presents ideas about planning
 and development practices, and gain some experience and implications. The
 results show that (1) a poorly defined ideological definition is the root
 cause of operational errors; (2) planning errors are the reason why new
 cities have a weak &#x2018;anti-magnetic-force&#x2019; to attract
 industries and population from urban central areas; (3) the deviation of
 development practices is the main reason for the weakened effect of new
 city construction and (4) new city or new town planning and construction
 is a long-term and slow process of development. The thesis gives us some
 suggestions and countermeasures to solve these problems.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 49-72 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2016 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2015.1093955 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2015.1093955 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:20:y:2016:i:1:p:49-72




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Youngkook Kim 
Author-X-Name-First: Youngkook 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim 
Title: Impacts of the perception of physical environments and the actual physical environments on self-rated health 
Abstract:
 A series of studies have supported the significant and positive
 relationships between surrounding built environments and physical
 activities. In addition, it is quite clear that vigorous physical
 activities generally lead to good health outcomes. Usually, good health is
 considered as the result of active living, such as daily walking and
 bicycling. Therefore, favorable, walkable, and bikable built environments
 near residential areas could initiate dynamic and diverse physical
 activities, resulting in good health outcomes.Although the physical
 environments around residential areas may have similar conditions, people
 may differently recognize the surrounding environments depending on the
 individual's subjective assessment. Therefore, it is necessary to
 investigate the relative importance between the perception of environments
 and physical circumstances with regard to self-rated health. The purpose
 of this study is to identify the impacts of environmental perception and
 actual physical environments on self-rated health. An integrated dataset
 of environmental perception and built environment characteristics and
 self-rated health was developed for a survey sample of residential
 locations (<italic>n&#x2009;</italic>=&#x2009;543) in the city of
 Columbus, OH, USA. Perceived walkable destinations around the home are
 significantly and positively associated with good health evaluations. In
 contrast, physical environments do not obtain a statistical significance.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 73-87 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2016 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2015.1127178 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2015.1127178 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Min Gi Lee 
Author-X-Name-First: Min Gi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee 
Author-Name: Hong Bae Kim 
Author-X-Name-First: Hong Bae 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim 
Title: A cost--benefit analysis for the institutionalization of the green certification scheme: the case of the development of the Sinjung district in Seoul, Korea 
Abstract:
 Recently, Kim and Park [2014. The structure of the green certification
 scheme for the neighborhood and application to newtown development: The
 case of Magok, Seoul, Korea. <italic>International Journal of Urban
 Sciences</italic>, <italic>18</italic>] presented a green certification
 scheme that is applicable to neighbourhood units and demonstrated that it
 is an effective means to achieve low-carbon cities in Korea. However, in
 order for this scheme to be formally institutionalized, it must be shown
 that public welfare will be positively affected. This is because the
 implementation of the scheme becomes meaningful only when it improves
 people's welfare. Hence, this paper conducted a cost--benefit analysis for
 the institutionalization of the green certification scheme through the
 following four steps: First, the effects of the costs and benefits caused
 by the scheme were itemized. Second, valuation methods for the itemized
 effects were presented. Third, those effects were specifically measured
 while focusing on the development of the Sinjung district, which is a
 typical case for neighbourhood development in Seoul, Korea. Finally, in
 the fourth step, the scheme was evaluated based on the total costs and
 benefits.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 88-106 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2016 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2015.1116955 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2015.1116955 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:20:y:2016:i:1:p:88-106




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fumei Gu 
Author-X-Name-First: Fumei 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gu 
Author-Name: Yoshitsugu Hayashi 
Author-X-Name-First: Yoshitsugu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hayashi 
Author-Name: Fei Shi 
Author-X-Name-First: Fei 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shi 
Author-Name: Hao Zhang 
Author-X-Name-First: Hao 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang 
Author-Name: Hirokazu Kato 
Author-X-Name-First: Hirokazu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kato 
Title: Measuring and mapping the spatial distribution of the quality of life in a city: a case study in Nanjing 
Abstract:
 Population agglomeration in urban areas makes it easy to share valid urban
 facilities and services that make up a high Quality of Life (QoL).
 However, most cities in a developing stage face the problem of
 under-service; this means the supply of service facilities cannot catch up
 with the agglomeration of the population. Additionally, insufficient
 transport infrastructure also does not meet the swift growth of transport
 demand. Urban QoL inevitably decreases under the conditions of
 insufficient service facilities and transport infrastructure. This paper
 investigates an integrated methodology to evaluate QoL by measuring the
 aggregated values of urban services: education services, shopping
 services, and medical care services. All the values of urban services are
 evaluated in three stages: existing values, accessible values, and
 perceived values, in which existing values are examined by the scale of
 service facilities; accessible values are effected by travel costs and
 obtained by applying spatial analysis in GIS and using the road and subway
 network in the city; and perceived values are affected by people's
 preferences to each service and obtained by a questionnaire that was
 conducted in Nanjing. As a result, this paper integrates both the
 objective and subjective approaches of QoL calculation and illustrates
 that QoL distribution in Nanjing is spatially unbalanced and unequal among
 different population groups; which is highlighted in that QoL distribution
 is visualized in 1000&#x2005;m&#x2009;&#xd7;&#x2009;1000&#x2005;m grids in
 Nanjing city. Moreover, this method can aggregate for any size of space
 and combination of people's attributes, which allows it to provide overall
 information for urban planning and policy making.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 107-128 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2016 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2015.1127179 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2015.1127179 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:20:y:2016:i:1:p:107-128




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jin Sik Kim 
Author-X-Name-First: Jin Sik 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim 
Author-Name: Im Hack Lee 
Author-X-Name-First: Im Hack 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee 
Author-Name: Yong Han Ahn 
Author-X-Name-First: Yong Han 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ahn 
Author-Name: Sung Eun Lim 
Author-X-Name-First: Sung Eun 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lim 
Author-Name: Shin Do Kim 
Author-X-Name-First: Shin Do 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim 
Title: An analysis of energy consumption to identify urban energy poverty in Seoul 
Abstract:
 The Korean Government defines &#x2018;energy poverty&#x2019; as households
 that spend more than 10% of their total income on lighting and heating.
 This study estimated the percentage of urban energy poverty in Seoul for
 the winter season, based on the amount spent on energy of various types by
 households with different levels of income, the amount of energy they used
 per month and the price charged per unit of electricity and city-gas
 usage. Energy usage--income graphs were used to determine a Gini
 coefficient of 0.08 for Seoul, which signifies a relatively fair energy
 distribution in the city's low-income population in comparison to that of
 other countries, which ranged from 0.19 for Norway to 0.87 for Kenya. Our
 results reveal that the energy poverty problem in Seoul is primarily due
 to a rapid increase in the unit cost of gas for heating. Although the
 energy distribution of households in Seoul is fairer than that in many
 other countries, the problem of energy poverty remains. This is primarily
 because the main energy sources for city residents are electricity and
 gas, and the cost of the gas utilized for heating in the winter months has
 increased at a much faster rate than the income of the city's poorest
 residents in recent years. According to the result of this study, cities
 where energy consumption rapidly increases because of higher demand during
 the winter season should be required to support polices that assist energy
 consumption for heating in the winter for people suffering from energy
 poverty.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 129-140 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2016 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2015.1128350 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2015.1128350 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:20:y:2016:i:1:p:129-140




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sanglim Yoo 
Author-X-Name-First: Sanglim 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yoo 
Author-Name: John E. Wagner 
Author-X-Name-First: John E. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wagner 
Title: A review of the hedonic literatures in environmental amenities from open space: a traditional econometric vs. spatial econometric model 
Abstract:
 The purpose of this article is to provide a thorough review of the hedonic
 studies that investigate environmental amenity values of urban open
 spaces. Open space amenities have a unique feature than structural
 characteristics of residential properties; that is, an individual's
 preference for them may depend on their location relative to a residential
 property. Twenty-six empirical hedonic studies that estimate values of
 environmental amenities from open spaces published between 1995 and 2015
 were reviewed. We paid special attention to the spatial hedonic literature
 that used spatial econometric methods to deal with the spatial effects
 which are common issues in hedonic studies. To our best knowledge, this
 study is the first study that devoted special attention to the hedonic
 studies on urban open space using spatial econometric methods.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 141-166 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2016 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2015.1137780 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2015.1137780 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:20:y:2016:i:1:p:141-166




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Frank Moulaert 
Author-X-Name-First: Frank 
Author-X-Name-Last: Moulaert 
Author-Name: Bob Jessop 
Author-X-Name-First: Bob 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jessop 
Author-Name: Abid Mehmood 
Author-X-Name-First: Abid 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mehmood 
Title: Agency, structure, institutions, discourse (ASID) in urban and regional development 
Abstract:
 This paper presents the relations among agency (A), structure (S),
 institutions (I), and discourse (D) and their analytical relevance for
 socio-economic development. It argues that an adequate account of these
 relations must recognize their inherent spatio-temporality and, hence,
 their space--time dynamics. This is not an optional extra but a definite
 descriptive and explanatory requirement. Moreover, while structure is
 recognized as a product of path-dependent institutionalization and
 path-shaping (collective) agency, agency is seen in turn as discursively
 and materially reproduced and transformed. This approach treats structure
 in terms of a differential spatio-temporal configuration of constraints
 and opportunities, reference to which informs the empirical analysis of
 strategic agency within the overall agency, structure, institutions,
 discourse (ASID) heuristic. The paper concludes with an eightfold typology
 of particular combinations of ASID features to guide analyses of
 socio-economic development in all its (dis-)junctural complexity.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 167-187 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2016 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2016.1182054 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2016.1182054 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:20:y:2016:i:2:p:167-187




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Choongik Choi 
Author-X-Name-First: Choongik 
Author-X-Name-Last: Choi 
Title: Does economic growth really reduce disaster damages? Index decomposition analysis for the relationship between disaster damages, urbanization and economic growth and its implications 
Abstract:
 This article aims to explore the characteristics of disaster damages in
 the context of economic growth and urbanization using index decomposition
 analysis. The key ideas of this study begin with two main research
 questions. First, does economic growth make any contribution to the
 reduction of disaster damages? Is the economic growth of a nation able to
 outweigh the respective disaster damages, particularly in advanced
 economies? Second, does urbanization tend to expand exposure to natural
 hazards and increase disaster damages? In this paper, a great deal of
 attention is paid to exploring answers to the above two questions using
 the case of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
 countries. The main methodological concept starts with regarding disaster
 damages as one of various environmental impacts, which enables the proper
 application of the IPAT model. It is found that economic development
 contributed most to the decline of disaster damages and urbanization
 contributed slightly to the increase of disaster damages in OECD countries
 from 1990 to 2010.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 188-205 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2016 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2016.1144520 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2016.1144520 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Taher Osman 
Author-X-Name-First: Taher 
Author-X-Name-Last: Osman 
Author-Name: Prasanna Divigalpitiya 
Author-X-Name-First: Prasanna 
Author-X-Name-Last: Divigalpitiya 
Author-Name: Takafumi Arima 
Author-X-Name-First: Takafumi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Arima 
Title: Driving factors of urban sprawl in Giza governorate of the Greater Cairo Metropolitan Region using a logistic regression model 
Abstract:
 Since the 1950s, The Greater Cairo Metropolitan Region (GCMR) has
 witnessed an unprecedented rate of urban sprawl that has been mainly
 concentrated in arable lands against urban planning regulations, and has
 presented a critical challenge to the urban environment and serious
 corrosion for arable lands. Thus, the need to identify the driving factor
 of sprawl is crucial to understand the future of the GCMR urban
 environment and to overcome the serious challenges of rapid urbanization.
 We focused on the Giza governorate as a critical area in the GCMR and
 divided it into three sub-sectors to collect data and analyse. A primary
 list of driving factors was identified by literature review. Later this
 list was narrowed down to seven factors after interviews with local urban
 experts and consideration of the availability of data. Next, a logistic
 regression analysis was used to evaluate those factors with data derived
 from existing maps and remotely sensed data for the period of 2004--2013.
 An operating characteristic (ROC) evaluation of the logistic regression
 analysis gave high accuracy rates for the entire study area. The findings
 of the research revealed decreasing significance of the CBD and Nile River
 as drivers of sprawl. The most significant factors according to the
 analysis were neighbourhood factors, local urban centres, and
 accessibility factors of distances to urban uses and major roads. The
 research suggests more future urban expansion by the existing urban cores
 and along major roads, leading to more informal urban settlements. It also
 points to the possibility of persistent deterioration in the urban built
 environment and agricultural lands. Thus, these findings should be applied
 to actual urban planning policies, and development regulations should be
 strengthened to protect the urban environment from further deterioration.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 206-225 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2016 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2016.1162728 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2016.1162728 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:20:y:2016:i:2:p:206-225




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wonho Kim 
Author-X-Name-First: Wonho 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim 
Author-Name: Gur-joong Kim 
Author-X-Name-First: Gur-joong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim 
Author-Name: Dongmin Lee 
Author-X-Name-First: Dongmin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee 
Title: Estimating potential conflicts between right-turn-on-red vehicles and pedestrians at crosswalks 
Abstract:
 The conflict between vehicles and pedestrians at crosswalks, defined as a
 potential collision that could lead to actual traffic accidents, is an
 important measure indicating the level of pedestrian safety. Past
 research, with advanced statistical methods, gathered and calibrated data
 from historical accidents to produce this important policy indicator. To
 perform such statistical analysis, however, requires a considerable amount
 of samples collected under controlled conditions. Putting aside the
 difficulty of creating a controlled condition, it is difficult to apply
 the model in different locations with various physical conditions. These
 are critical limitations in practice. This study aims to overcome these
 issues and develops an analytical model for estimating the conflict
 between vehicles and pedestrians. Since the proposed model considers
 pedestrian behaviour at crosswalks rather than actual collision samples,
 only a small number of field data are required. It appears that our model
 can be replicated to different times and places with a bias that is
 statistically insignificant.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 226-240 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2016 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2016.1183511 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2016.1183511 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:20:y:2016:i:2:p:226-240




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nestor Garza 
Author-X-Name-First: Nestor 
Author-X-Name-Last: Garza 
Title: Primate cities in Latin America: a theoretical framework based upon intra-urban driving forces 
Abstract:
 Excessive urban primacy in Latin American countries has been primarily
 analysed using country-level perspectives, while their intra-urban spatial
 forces have not been routinely used as explanatory elements. This paper
 addresses this gap by relating two country-level sources of urban primacy
 (the international economic dependence of Latin American countries and the
 rural bias of the political process), with three particularities of the
 Latin American spatial markets (lack of land taxes and exactions, informal
 mechanisms of access to land, and lobby-oriented oligopolistic formal
 developers). We develop graphic analytical frameworks where we can
 hypothesize the interactions between all these elements. In order to
 enhance the theoretical framework and contrast it with existing evidence,
 three emerging policies in the continent were added to the analysis: land
 taxation and exactions, tenure legalization, and global city development.
 By using the theoretical framework, we conclude that the combined effects
 of these emerging policies will determine primacy patterns similar to the
 ones currently prevailing.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 241-259 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2016 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2016.1182053 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2016.1182053 
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File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:20:y:2016:i:2:p:241-259




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jong Hwa Park 
Author-X-Name-First: Jong Hwa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Park 
Title: Brokerage activities in regional innovation networks: the case of <italic>Daegu Technopark</italic> in Korea 
Abstract:
 This paper examines the concepts of local clusters and regional innovation
 networks and discusses the significance of &#x2018;network
 brokerages&#x2019; in issues of local economic development and governance.
 The brokerage activities particularly affect the linkage structures and
 characteristics of regional networks. This research discusses each of
 these features in turn, and develops structural, divisional, or procedural
 models of them. The paper then turns to the empirical examples of
 brokerage activities by <italic>Daegu Technopark</italic> to illustrate
 the ways in which a local broker and related actors have been functioning.
 The analysis of <italic>Daegu Technopark</italic> case indicates that the
 positive results of network brokerages are mainly due to the proximity and
 willingness of a network broker to local firms, the making and operation
 of public programmes suitable to local conditions, differentiation to
 linkage purposes, the provision of contact opportunities, flexible
 manoeuvring and consensus-building efforts, and an active-minded
 leadership applicable to the circumstances. It is, of course, apprehended
 that <italic>Daegu Technopark</italic> shows some signs of potential
 limitations in the grasping and activating processes of regional
 potentials, such as a discontented aspect of managerial capability, a
 budgetary deficit, and a distorted process of performance evaluation
 system.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 260-284 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2016 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2016.1183510 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2016.1183510 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:20:y:2016:i:2:p:260-284




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: S. Mostafa Rasoolimanesh 
Author-X-Name-First: S. Mostafa 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rasoolimanesh 
Author-Name: Nurwati Badarulzaman 
Author-X-Name-First: Nurwati 
Author-X-Name-Last: Badarulzaman 
Author-Name: Mastura Jaafar 
Author-X-Name-First: Mastura 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jaafar 
Title: City development strategy: theoretical background, themes, and building blocks 
Abstract:
 City development strategy (CDS) has transformed numerous cities in
 developing countries to cope with the unprecedented challenges of the
 twenty-first century. However, the CDS literature indicates that the
 needs, culture, and planning background of a city determine its CDS themes
 and methodologies. Drawing upon various CDS experiences, this paper
 provides an overview of the theory underpinning CDS, its themes, and
 building blocks to elucidate a more comprehensive understanding of CDS as
 it applies to real-world cities that have employed CDS and those who plan
 to do so in the future to confront their challenges and achieve their
 goals. This paper conducts a comprehensive systematic review, inclusive of
 journal articles and international CDS implementation literature as
 previously reported by international agencies and local governments. From
 this review, a number of recommendations have emerged for cities wishing
 to apply CDS. This paper makes a significant contribution to the CDS
 literature by clarifying the theoretical background, themes, and building
 blocks that are features of successful CDS implementation.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 285-297 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2016 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2016.1189348 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2016.1189348 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:20:y:2016:i:2:p:285-297




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Seungjae Lee 
Author-X-Name-First: Seungjae 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee 
Author-Name: Jooyoung Kim 
Author-X-Name-First: Jooyoung 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim 
Title: Editorial 
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 1-3 
Issue: sup1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2016 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2016.1189760 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2016.1189760 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:20:y:2016:i:sup1:p:1-3




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mohammad Ansari Esfeh 
Author-X-Name-First: Mohammad 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ansari Esfeh 
Author-Name: H. Jithamala Caldera 
Author-X-Name-First: H. Jithamala 
Author-X-Name-Last: Caldera 
Author-Name: Seiran Heshami 
Author-X-Name-First: Seiran 
Author-X-Name-Last: Heshami 
Author-Name: Nadia Moshahedi 
Author-X-Name-First: Nadia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Moshahedi 
Author-Name: Sumedha Chandana Wirasinghe 
Author-X-Name-First: Sumedha Chandana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wirasinghe 
Title: The severity of earthquake events -- statistical analysis and classification 
Abstract:
 Earthquake events are natural disasters that can pose a threat to people's
 safety as well as their homes and possessions. In this paper, the severity
 level of earthquake disasters is addressed using the US National Oceanic
 and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) database. A total of 5841 earthquake
 incidents are recorded that happened between 2150 BCE and 2015 CE. Few
 studies have done a comprehensive statistical analysis of the consequences
 of earthquakes. To address this gap, and after determining the probability
 distribution function of the number of fatalities, we evaluate the
 distribution of earthquakes with extreme fatalities to determine the
 severity levels according to the fatality-based disaster scale introduced
 by Wirasinghe, Caldera, Durage, and Ruwanpura [(2013). <italic>Preliminary
 analysis and classification of natural disasters</italic>. Proceedings of
 the ninth annual conference of the International Institute for
 Infrastructure, Renewal and Reconstruction (IIIRR), Queensland University
 of Technology, Brisbane, Australia, July 2013, Section B1.2, p. 11]. To
 this end, three different methods of determining the extreme events are
 considered: peak over threshold, <italic>R</italic>th order, and
 event-based and location-based block maxima. Moreover, a comprehensive
 collinearity analysis is performed to investigate any correlation and
 linear dependency between the earthquake parameters (magnitude, intensity,
 and focal depth) and the consequences in terms of earthquake fatalities.
 The severity classification based on block maxima has more detailed
 severity classes; hence, it is superior to the other two methods. For
 block maxima, the probability of a lower level disaster (Emergency to
 Catastrophe Type 1) being the extreme disaster is higher for the location
 (country)-based data set compared to the event-based worldwide data set,
 while the probability of a higher level disaster (Catastrophe Type 2 and
 above) being the extreme disaster is lower. These probabilities are to be
 expected because a single country, even over the full time period, is less
 likely to have a massive disaster compared to the world when a large
 number of extreme events, in this case 100, are considered.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 4-24 
Issue: sup1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2016 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2016.1138876 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2016.1138876 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ryuji Kakimoto 
Author-X-Name-First: Ryuji 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kakimoto 
Author-Name: Toshio Fujimi 
Author-X-Name-First: Toshio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fujimi 
Author-Name: Mamoru Yoshida 
Author-X-Name-First: Mamoru 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yoshida 
Author-Name: Hwayoung Kim 
Author-X-Name-First: Hwayoung 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim 
Title: Factors promoting and impeding precautionary evacuation behaviour 
Abstract:
 In July 2012, 23 people in Aso area, Japan died as the result of a
 landslide; subsequently, 36 people on Izu Island and 74 people in
 Hiroshima city died after landslides in October 2013 and August 2014,
 respectively. In all three instances, localized torrential raining
 occurred in the late evening and all three local governments were hesitant
 to issue the recommended evacuation warning for the predicted heavy rains
 in each locality. These unfortunate disasters led the Kumamoto Prefecture
 to introduce a precautionary evacuation to Aso city and Minamiaso village,
 but the participation rate of precautionary evacuation has been very low.
 This study aims to find the factors that promote and impede precautionary
 evacuation behaviour. We effectuate the covariance structure analysis of
 preventive evacuation behaviour based on protection motivation theory. We
 find that the main cause promoting precautionary evacuation behaviour was
 fear of the natural disaster. The factors impeding precautionary
 evacuation behaviour were predominantly psychological aspects such as the
 annoyance and hassle of moving to a shelter or staying at a shelter with
 others.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 25-37 
Issue: sup1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2016 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2016.1185958 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2016.1185958 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Suhyung Yoo 
Author-X-Name-First: Suhyung 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yoo 
Author-Name: Hwasoo Yeo 
Author-X-Name-First: Hwasoo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yeo 
Title: Evaluation of the resilience of air transportation network with adaptive capacity 
Abstract:
 Securing network resilience of air transportation system is essential to
 provide a stable level of service as one of major transport modes carrying
 international passengers and freights. In 2014, about 851 million
 passengers and 39 billion pounds of freights were delivered by over 9.5
 million flights in the United States. As seen in Iceland volcano eruption
 in 2010, a deficiency of hub airports can bring a huge impact on the whole
 transport system and even on the world economy. So how the failure of
 individual node affects the overall network resilience is an important
 issue to study. Air transportation is known to be a scale-free network,
 which has few of hubs having high degree. So it is relatively robust
 against failure but vulnerable to targeted attack on a hub. There are
 numerous studies devoted to measure node vulnerability and evaluate
 network robustness; however, previous studies could not consider the node
 capacity for evaluating overall network performance. This study focuses on
 the network resilience, where the nodes are located in a real space and
 have a capacity to function. Using the data from Federal Aviation
 Administration, the simulation demonstrates and evaluates the resilience
 of the US air transportation network. This study proposes the indices of
 adaptative capacity for quantifying network resilience, which represent
 the ability of a network to replace an attacked node by other adjacent
 nodes. The simulation has two parts to measure the adaptive capacity of
 networks: under a single attack and a sustained attack. The results
 identify the susceptible nodes degrading the adaptive capacity of the
 network and evaluate each sub-network&#x2019;s resilience in case of
 cascading node failures. Therefore, this study can help us to diagnose the
 vulnerable node and contribute the plan for improvement of network
 resilience.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 38-49 
Issue: sup1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2016 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2016.1166979 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2016.1166979 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ranjith Dissanayake 
Author-X-Name-First: Ranjith 
Author-X-Name-Last: Dissanayake 
Author-Name: Chaminda S. Bandara 
Author-X-Name-First: Chaminda S. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bandara 
Title: Retrofitting of damaged bridges -- the sustainable solution 
Abstract:
 Rehabilitation of damaged bridges may be more beneficial than building new
 bridges. However, proper methods are necessary to assess the level of
 damages and to verify the fitness of such bridges for further use. In the
 assessment, there are two important criteria to consider. One is the
 amount of damage due to fatigue caused by usual past vehicle loading and
 the other is the magnitude of damage caused by the unexpected actions. The
 present paper is about a wrought iron bridge damaged by floods. In order
 to do the assessment, a condition survey was first carried out. Then an
 analysis was done using a finite element model of the bridge. The model
 was validated using results of a field loading test. Both static and
 dynamic loading tests were conducted using a locomotive with six numbers
 of 13.16-ton axles for five different loading cases to measure the
 displacement, strain and acceleration at predetermined (critical) members
 of the bridge. Then the damage in the bridge due to past loading histories
 and the future fatigue life of the bridge were estimated. Furthermore,
 using the validated model, the ability of the bridge for higher loading
 situations was confirmed. The future life was found as 30 years with a
 factor of safety of 3. The cost estimated for retrofitting work and
 constructing new reinforced concrete abutments was much less than that for
 constructing a new bridge. Therefore, it was decided that the
 rehabilitation of the bridge with necessary retrofitting work is more
 economical and sustainable than demolishing it and constructing a new one.
 The bridge is now in use after being repaired, retrofitted and placed on
 new abutments.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 50-59 
Issue: sup1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2016 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2016.1138877 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2016.1138877 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:20:y:2016:i:sup1:p:50-59




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Myungsik Do 
Author-X-Name-First: Myungsik 
Author-X-Name-Last: Do 
Author-Name: Yunseung Noh 
Author-X-Name-First: Yunseung 
Author-X-Name-Last: Noh 
Title: Comparative analysis of informational evacuation guidance by lane-based routing 
Abstract:
 Road networks play a crucial role in modern society, particularly in the
 case of disasters or in emergency situations. Therefore, urban evacuation
 roads need to be selected and maintained in order to deal with potential
 disaster situations. In this study, we suggest methods of selecting
 emergency evacuation roads, with consideration to performance on linkage
 and connectivity of road networks in urban areas. Furthermore, we analyse
 the effects of evacuation guidance information by predetermined evacuation
 roads and lane-based routing methods. Through network analysis, we have
 performed quantitative analysis of road networks for a selection of
 emergency evacuation roads, based on information from the geographic
 information system (GIS) database. The distribution pattern of traffic
 volume and the impact of network nodes were also examined. This
 examination was carried out by using methods of network analysis such as
 the degree and closeness centralities. The travel pattern and travel time
 cost of users in disaster situations are analysed through microscopic
 traffic simulations. By comparing situations before and after roads are
 disconnected, the impact and effect of each link can be calculated. Total
 travel time, travel distance and delay time for all evacuees are used to
 measure each scenario. We found that, through selected evacuation roads,
 the evacuation time-shortening effect is significant when compared to that
 of the operation of existing traffic signal systems. Also, the evacuation
 time-shortening effect is greater when additionally applied to the
 lane-based routing method on emergency evacuation roads.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 60-76 
Issue: sup1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2016 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2016.1138875 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2016.1138875 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:20:y:2016:i:sup1:p:60-76




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Juyeong Choi 
Author-X-Name-First: Juyeong 
Author-X-Name-Last: Choi 
Author-Name: Abhijeet Deshmukh 
Author-X-Name-First: Abhijeet 
Author-X-Name-Last: Deshmukh 
Author-Name: Makarand Hastak 
Author-X-Name-First: Makarand 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hastak 
Title: Increase in stress on infrastructure facilities due to natural disasters 
Abstract:
 The services of infrastructure are often compromised in a post-disaster
 situation. This could be due to a direct physical impact on the
 infrastructure or due to a cascading impact resulting from reduced
 services of the supporting infrastructure. The reduced infrastructure
 services are unable to adequately meet the post-disaster community needs.
 Therefore, infrastructure facilities are likely to be operated with high
 stress on their capacities above the allowable stress (i.e. designed
 capacities) for meeting the services required. The system is unable to
 sustain the required serviceability level without the infusion of
 additional capacities when the stress level exceeds the limit stress. For
 example, after Haiti&#x2019;s devastating earthquake, disrupted utility
 services, limited road networks, and the lack of civic governance
 influenced the capacity of all essential service providers. Furthermore,
 the earthquake-impacted hospitals had limited resources such as patient
 beds, medical staff, medical supplies and equipment for meeting the
 increased health needs of the community. As a result, the hospital
 experienced increased levels of stress related to services as they were
 unable to adequately meet the community health needs without external
 assistance from NGOs or other entities. Therefore, understanding the
 stress level in post-disaster infrastructure is critical for community
 recovery. This paper presents a new framework to (i) explore and
 investigate varying functional stress level in infrastructure under
 various disaster scenarios and (ii) develop strategies for alleviating
 increased stress levels in order to facilitate the recovery process. The
 research framework is explained using a hypothetical situation focusing on
 the operation of power facilities in a post-disaster situation. The
 proposed unique approach enables the development of sustainable mitigation
 strategies by relieving the stress level in critical infrastructure while
 ensuring to meet recovery demands at an acceptable level.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 77-89 
Issue: sup1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2016 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2016.1170626 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2016.1170626 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:20:y:2016:i:sup1:p:77-89




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Inwook Heo 
Author-X-Name-First: Inwook 
Author-X-Name-Last: Heo 
Author-Name: Hyun Kang 
Author-X-Name-First: Hyun 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kang 
Author-Name: Deuck Hang Lee 
Author-X-Name-First: Deuck Hang 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee 
Author-Name: Jae-Yuel Oh 
Author-X-Name-First: Jae-Yuel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Oh 
Author-Name: Jungmin Lee 
Author-X-Name-First: Jungmin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee 
Author-Name: Kang Su Kim 
Author-X-Name-First: Kang Su 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim 
Title: Performance-based fire behaviour analysis for underground parking structures 
Abstract:
 The current design code for building structures in South Korea specifies
 the minimum fire resistance ratings and fire-resisting performances for
 each structural component, for which a standard fire curve is required to
 be applied. There are, however, obvious differences between the standard
 fire curve and the actual fire behaviour observed from real events. In
 this study, a fire dynamic-based simulation was conducted on a typical
 underground parking structure, from which a realistic fire design curve
 was obtained. In addition, thermal behaviour and fire-resisting response
 of hollow-core slabs in the underground parking structure were estimated
 by using the realistic fire design curve, which was compared to those
 based on the design fire curve specified in the current code. On this
 basis, it is considered that more rational and economic fire resistance
 design of underground parking structure is possible by utilizing the
 realistic fire curve.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences 
Pages: 90-100 
Issue: sup1 
Volume: 20 
Year: 2016 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2016.1178165 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2016.1178165 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:20:y:2016:i:sup1:p:90-100




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ning Chai
Author-X-Name-First: Ning
Author-X-Name-Last: Chai
Author-Name: Mack Joong Choi
Author-X-Name-First: Mack Joong
Author-X-Name-Last: Choi
Title: Migrant workers’ choices of resettlements in the redevelopment of urban villages in China: the case of Beijing
Abstract: 
 In China, urban villages have provided low-cost housing for the workers who have migrated from rural area into a city, but confronted redevelopment as they have resulted in various urban problems. In comparison to the rural–urban migration, this study pays an attention to the second-stage migration caused by redevelopment of urban villages in which migrant workers have four choices of settlements: return to rural area, relocation to another urban village, relocation to urban area, resettlement in redeveloped urban village. Based on the field survey data collected from six urban villages of Beijing, it empirically analyses migrant workers’ choices for settlement options and the factors influencing the choices, using multinomial logistic regression model. The results show that the migrant workers take serious consideration of all four settlement options and their choices are affected by various personal characteristics as well as redevelopment characteristics. Based on the findings, this study suggests some policies to encourage resettlements of migrant workers from a viewpoint of sustainable development of Chinese cities.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 282-299
Issue: 3
Volume: 21
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2017.1290542
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2017.1290542
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:21:y:2017:i:3:p:282-299




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Seung Yeon Seo
Author-X-Name-First: Seung Yeon
Author-X-Name-Last: Seo
Author-Name: Kyung Hwan Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Kyung Hwan
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Title: Effects of changes in neighbourhood environment due to the CPTED project on residents’ social activities and sense of community: a case study on the Cheonan Safe Village Project in Korea
Abstract: 
 The purpose of this study is to analyse the effects of changes in neighbourhood environment due to the Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) project on residents’ social activities and sense of community through a case study of Cheonan Safe Village Project. The study conducted an observing survey and questionnaire survey in order to collect data, and a total of 314 residents’ social activities and 502 surveys were used in analysis. The analysis results can be summarized as follows. First, after the CPTED project, residents’ social activities showed a sustained increase. Compared to before the project, social activities increased by 30.5% immediately after project completion, and by 90.4% at the 1 year after completing the project. Regarding different types of social activities, greetings and conversations between neighbours and children’s play activities showed a sustained increase around the areas where the physical environment changed due to the CPTED project. Second, compared to before the project, the changes perceived in characteristics of the neighbourhood environment showed a 13.7–18.5% increase in the quality of the pedestrian environment, 13.4–24.8% decrease in neighbourhood disorder and 12.7–21.9% decrease in fear of crime. Also, the sense of community increased by 5.4–7.9% after the CPTED project. Third, neighbourhood disorder, fear of crime and participation in neighbourhood activities were significantly correlated with a sense of community of residents. These results suggest the changes in the neighbourhood environment due to the CPTED project, combined with resident participation in neighbourhood activities, had positive effects on improving the sense of community and social ties among community members. The above results shows that changes in neighbourhood environment due to the CPTED project have a positive impact on residents’ social activities and sense of community as well as local crime safety.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 326-343
Issue: 3
Volume: 21
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2017.1298462
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2017.1298462
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:21:y:2017:i:3:p:326-343




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Weixuan Song
Author-X-Name-First: Weixuan
Author-X-Name-Last: Song
Author-Name: Chunhui Liu
Author-X-Name-First: Chunhui
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Title: Spatial differentiation of gated communities in Nanjing
Abstract: 
 Since market reform began in China’s housing sector, gated communities have been the mainstream model for newly built residential communities. There is a rich literature exploring the popularity and social-spatial effects of gated communities, as well as reactions to them. However, the general layout and spatial differentiation of gated communities in urban areas have been scarcely explored. This paper studies the central urban area of Nanjing, which was determined in the Urban Master Planning of Nanjing (2011–2010). The research object is the set of 1114 gated communities that were built after 1998. The Theil Index and GIS Contour Line are used to analyse the spatial distribution of housing prices, property management fees and plot ratios of these gated communities in Nanjing. Then, we reveal the spatial differentiation of the types and grades of the gated communities and propose a spatial differentiation model of gated communities in Nanjing. Based on all of the above, this paper also discusses how factors including location/land price, city planning, construction type, resource allocation, and year of establishment impact the gated communities’ spatial differentiation and how the gated communities’ spatial differentiation reflects and predicts urban socio-spatial differentiation.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 312-325
Issue: 3
Volume: 21
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2017.1307780
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2017.1307780
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:21:y:2017:i:3:p:312-325




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mahdi Pour-Rouholamin
Author-X-Name-First: Mahdi
Author-X-Name-Last: Pour-Rouholamin
Author-Name: Mohammad Jalayer
Author-X-Name-First: Mohammad
Author-X-Name-Last: Jalayer
Author-Name: Huaguo Zhou
Author-X-Name-First: Huaguo
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhou
Title: Modelling single-vehicle, single-rider motorcycle crash injury severity: an ordinal logistic regression approach
Abstract: 
 Motorcycles represent an increasing proportion of traffic fatalities in the United States, accounting for more than 12.7% of the total traffic casualties within 2005–2014. Specifically, in North Carolina, motorcycles comprise less than 1% of vehicles involved in crashes but account for more than 7% of total fatalities, representing a top state in the United States. This study tries to investigate the motorcycle crashes in North Carolina more in depth. In doing so, five years’ (2009–2013) worth of crash data was obtained from the Federal Highway Administration’s  Highway Safety Information System database. A partial proportional odds (PPO) logistic regression model was developed to examine the influence of the explanatory variable on the ordered dependent variable, that is, injury severity. Moreover, two other popular ordered-response models, that is, proportional odds and non-proportional odds models, as well as one similar unordered-response model, that is, multinomial logit model, were also developed to evaluate their performances compared to the PPO model. Older riders, DUI riding, not wearing helmets, crashes during summer and weekends, darkness, crashes with fixed objects, reckless riding, and speeding were found to increase the severity of injuries. In contrast, younger riders, winter season, adverse weather condition, and wet surface were associated with lower injury severities. Furthermore, crashes in rural areas, overturn/rollover, and crashes happened while negotiating a curve showed fluctuating effects of injury severity. According to two information criteria calculated for all three developed models fitted to the same data, the PPO model was found to outperform the other models and provide more reliable results. Based on the obtained average direct pseudo-elasticities, this study determines the effect of the various identified variables and develops several safety countermeasures as a resource for policy-makers to prevent or mitigate the severity of motorcycle crashes in North Carolina.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 344-363
Issue: 3
Volume: 21
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2017.1311801
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2017.1311801
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:21:y:2017:i:3:p:344-363




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ju Eun Kim
Author-X-Name-First: Ju Eun
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim
Title: Fostering behaviour change to encourage low-carbon food consumption through community gardens
Abstract: 
 Reducing the food-related carbon footprint is an important part of climate change mitigation. Given a growing global population and rapid urbanization, shifting contemporary carbon-intensive food consumption trends is essential. As such, encouraging pro-environmental behaviour change and pro-environmental food consumption behaviour in particular is as an important challenge; reducing our collective foodprint is an important way of reducing our collective carbon footprint. Yet, despite widespread consumer awareness of climate change, consumption behaviours are rarely consistent with environmentally friendly aspirations. This empirical research emphasizes the contribution and the potential of community gardens as a means of fostering pro-environmental behaviour change towards low-carbon food consumption. It evaluates the role of London’s community gardens in promoting participants’ environmentally friendly food consumption patterns, thereby lowering London’s foodprint on the consumer side. To collect data, ninety-five community gardens in London were asked to circulate an online survey to their gardeners. In total, forty-eight community gardeners responded to the survey. These responses were complemented with semi-structured interviews held with community garden participants. The paper investigates London community gardeners’ food consumption patterns including food self-sufficiency, food shopping habits, dietary choices, and food waste management in terms of their carbon footprint. In addition, it verifies that the timespan of community garden participation is not an absolute indicator of low-carbon food consumption choices, despite its influence on certain changes. It also accounts for experiential and social learning as the two key aspects of community gardening that promote gardeners’ behavioural change, resulting in a lower foodprint in daily life.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 364-384
Issue: 3
Volume: 21
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2017.1314191
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2017.1314191
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:21:y:2017:i:3:p:364-384




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Byrne
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Byrne
Author-Name: Job Taminiau
Author-X-Name-First: Job
Author-X-Name-Last: Taminiau
Author-Name: Jeongseok Seo
Author-X-Name-First: Jeongseok
Author-X-Name-Last: Seo
Author-Name: Joohee Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Joohee
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Author-Name: Soojin Shin
Author-X-Name-First: Soojin
Author-X-Name-Last: Shin
Title: Are solar cities feasible? A review of current research
Abstract: 
 Urban ‘polycentric’ experimentation is enabling a new understanding of the sustainability potential of cities across the world. Coupled with the rising prominence of ‘grid parity’ conditions for solar energy, it is becoming clear that cities have abundant opportunities to reconfigure urban energy economies on platforms fuelled mainly and, in a few more years, entirely on energy conservation and renewable (especially solar) energy. Early evidence of the practical application of ‘solar cities’ models suggests the financial feasibility of city-wide development of electricity infrastructures based on conservation and renewables. The results of technical and economic potential investigations capture the promise of the model. But a question remains: how can we realize the investment needed to implement solar cities. We examine three pathways: ‘project-based solar development’; ‘strategic solar development’; and ‘infrastructure-scale solar city development’, focusing in each case on solar electricity development since much of the conservation potential in cities is capable of self-financing (Byrne, J., &amp; Taminiau, J. (2016). A review of sustainable energy utility and energy service utility concepts and applications: Realizing ecological and social sustainability with a community utility. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, 5(2), 136–154. doi10.1002/wene.171). After review of some of the advantages and disadvantages of each approach, we recommend infrastructure-scale development as the most promising means to attracting city-wide, cost-effective, sustainable energy investment.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 239-256
Issue: 3
Volume: 21
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2017.1331750
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2017.1331750
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:21:y:2017:i:3:p:239-256




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Do-Gyeong Kim
Author-X-Name-First: Do-Gyeong
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim
Author-Name: Yuhwa Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Yuhwa
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Title: Identifying the influences of demographic characteristics and personality of inveterate drunk drivers on the likelihood of driving under the influence of alcohol (DUIA) recurrence
Abstract: 
 Driving under the influence of alcohol (DUIA) is one of the main factors that cause severe traffic crashes and is considered a grave offence under the law. As shown by existing research and statistics, one of the characteristics associated with DUIA is that DUIA offenders are more likely to be rearrested for DUIA conviction. This means that in order to eradicate DUIA, the personal, psychological, and socio-cultural characteristics of habitual drunk drivers should be examined and intensive efforts are required to manage these types of offenders. This study aims to identify how the personality traits of DUIA recidivists influence the likelihood of DUIA recurrence on urban roads. The personalities of the drivers were divided into four dimensions – psychoticism, extroversion, neuroticism, and lie – based on the Korean version of the Eysenck personality test. Four additional attributes related to drivers’ information were included: gender, blood alcohol concentration (BAC), drinking frequency, and educational background. From the analysis results, six variables were found to be significant and five variables except for educational background had a positive correlation with the possibility of DUIA recurrence. Regarding drivers’ personality traits, drivers with a higher psychoticism (P) and lie (L) had a 118% and 102% higher possibility of DUIA recurrence, respectively. The results of this study are expected to contribute to a reduction in DUIA-related traffic accidents by preventing DUIA recidivism through follow-up management such as a continuous monitoring for drivers with a higher propensity for DUIA recurrence and by establishing regulations that can administer strong punishments for DUIA recidivists.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 300-311
Issue: 3
Volume: 21
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2017.1365004
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2017.1365004
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:21:y:2017:i:3:p:300-311




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John R. Hipp
Author-X-Name-First: John R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hipp
Author-Name: Nicholas Branic
Author-X-Name-First: Nicholas
Author-X-Name-Last: Branic
Title: Fast and slow change in neighbourhoods: characterization and consequences in Southern California
Abstract: 
 Due to data limitations, most studies of neighbourhood change within regions assume that change over the years of a decade is relatively constant from year-to-year. We use data on home loan information to construct annual measures of key socio-demographic measures in neighbourhoods (census tracts) in the Southern California region from 2000 to 2010 to test this assumption. We use latent trajectory modelling to describe the extent to which neighbourhood change exhibits temporal nonlinearity, rather than a constant rate of change from year to year. There were four key findings: (1) we detected nonlinear temporal change across all socio-demographic dimensions, as a quadratic function better fit the data than a linear one in the latent trajectories; (2) neighbourhoods experiencing more nonlinear temporality also experienced larger overall changes in percent Asian, percent black, and residential stability during the decade; neighbourhoods experiencing an increase in Latinos or a decrease in whites experienced more temporal nonlinearity in this change; (3) the strongest predictor of racial/ethnic temporal nonlinearity was a larger presence of the group at the beginning of the decade; however, the racial and SES composition of the surrounding area, as well as how this was changing in the prior decade, also affected the degree of temporal nonlinearity for these measures in the current decade; (4) this temporal nonlinearity has consequences for neighbourhoods: greater temporal nonlinear change in percent black or Latino was associated with larger increases in violent and property crime during the decade, and the temporal pattern of residential turnover or changing average income impacted changes in crime. The usual assumption of constant year-to-year change when interpolating neighbourhood measures over intervening years may not be appropriate.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 257-281
Issue: 3
Volume: 21
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2017.1366353
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2017.1366353
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:21:y:2017:i:3:p:257-281




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hyun-Min Hwang
Author-X-Name-First: Hyun-Min
Author-X-Name-Last: Hwang
Author-Name: Matthew J. Fiala
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Fiala
Author-Name: Terry L. Wade
Author-X-Name-First: Terry L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wade
Author-Name: Dongjoo Park
Author-X-Name-First: Dongjoo
Author-X-Name-Last: Park
Title: Review of pollutants in urban road dust: Part II. Organic contaminants from vehicles and road management
Abstract: 
 Urban road dust is highly enriched with organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), petroleum hydrocarbons, and herbicides that are released primarily from vehicles and/or road management practices. Analysis of sediment cores from urban watersheds clearly demonstrates that increase of pollutant input correlates with traffic volume increase. Pollutants in urban road dust are a significant threat to the health of aquatic organisms. Contaminated urban road dust is mobilized by stormwater runoff and transported into local receiving waterbodies (e.g. streams, rivers, lakes, and estuaries). Concentrations of PAHs in sediments receiving stormwater runoff from densely populated urban areas are high enough to impair the health of aquatic organisms and frequently exceed sediment quality guidelines. To restore streams and rivers impaired by roadway runoff, concentrations of pollutants in road dust need to be reduced through implementing a combination of regulatory policies and management actions. One approach would be to phase out existing pollutant sources such instituting a ban on the use of coal tar-based asphalt road seal coat containing high levels of PAHs. Instituting the use of environment friendly natural herbicides with only spot treatment to target weeds rather than broadcast application and restoration of native vegetation, as integrated roadside vegetation management programs. Adoption of these practices would result in significantly reduced herbicide contamination of roadway stormwater runoff. An alternate option is the removal of contaminants from stormwater runoff before they are delivered to receiving waterbodies using best management practices (BMP) such as retention ponds, detention basins, and grass swales. In densely populated urban areas, however, these BMPs may not be easily adopted due to multiple constraints such as lack of spaces and high land cost. In this case, proprietary BMPs such as media filter, wet vault, and vortex separator, which are also known as manufactured treatment devices, can be considered.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 445-463
Issue: 4
Volume: 23
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2018.1538811
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2018.1538811
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:23:y:2019:i:4:p:445-463




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Minh Hieu Nguyen
Author-X-Name-First: Minh Hieu
Author-X-Name-Last: Nguyen
Author-Name: Thanh Tung Ha
Author-X-Name-First: Thanh Tung
Author-X-Name-Last: Ha
Author-Name: Sy Sua Tu
Author-X-Name-First: Sy Sua
Author-X-Name-Last: Tu
Author-Name: Thanh Chuong Nguyen
Author-X-Name-First: Thanh Chuong
Author-X-Name-Last: Nguyen
Title: Impediments to the bus rapid transit implementation in developing countries – a typical evidence from Hanoi
Abstract: 
 Creation of an effective bus rapid transit (BRT) system has never been an easy task, especially for the first case in a developing country, since a BRT project requires a considerable investment with participation from most walks of life. Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam, has omitted to overcome impediments in the maiden BRT establishment. The Hanoi BRT performs poorly with ridership at only 13,500 passengers per day. In this paper, it is scrutinized based on a series of barriers that are findings in previous works and in the shape of a theoretical framework with seven main categories, namely: (1) institutional and legislative context, (2) political leadership and commitment, (3) physical design and operation, (4) management of competing modes, (5) adequate funding, (6) public participation and (7) image promotion. Results emphasize that the difference in views of the funder and the local authorities on the BRT development is the chief barrier. Enforcement of the BRT lanes from motorcycles is demanding, which is distinct from cities previously creating BRT. The findings from the Hanoi BRT are not unique. Lessons drawn from its failure could be widely informative for the BRT establishment in a number of cities with similar contexts.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 464-483
Issue: 4
Volume: 23
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2019.1577747
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2019.1577747
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:23:y:2019:i:4:p:464-483




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Steven Kyum Kim
Author-X-Name-First: Steven Kyum
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim
Author-Name: Eungkyoon Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Eungkyoon
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Title: Spatial injustice of particulate matter: the case of California
Abstract: 
 This research explores the spatial patterns of environmental risk and their equity implications with particular focus on particulate matter (PM) air pollution in California, USA. Regarding risk distribution, two distinctive approaches have stood out in environmental scholarship: the risk society thesis and an environmental (in)justice claim. While the former asserts that modernization has made environmental risks more pervasive and less discriminatory extending beyond the traditional socioeconomic and geographic boundaries, the latter demonstrates the disproportionate influences of political and demographic trends on the distribution of environmental hazards. Against these intellectual backgrounds, the research presented here seeks to examine whether, and how, socioeconomic factors of race/ethnicity and unemployment affect PM distribution while controlling for other land-use (i.e. multi-housing and no vehicle) and geographic (i.e. elevation and tree canopy) features. Utilizing bivariate and multivariate analyses that incorporate spatial interaction, the research found PM exposure patterns to follow traditional postures of the environmental (in)justice claim, with Hispanics and Blacks disproportionately exposed to higher levels of PM.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 484-497
Issue: 4
Volume: 23
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2018.1473044
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2018.1473044
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:23:y:2019:i:4:p:484-497




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kyung-Min Nam
Author-X-Name-First: Kyung-Min
Author-X-Name-Last: Nam
Author-Name: Moonfier Li
Author-X-Name-First: Moonfier
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Author-Name: Yue Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Yue
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Kenneth K.H. Wong
Author-X-Name-First: Kenneth K.H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wong
Title: Spatio-temporal boundary effects on pollution-health costs estimation: the case of PM2.5 pollution in Hong Kong
Abstract: 
 In this study, we estimate PM2.5-caused health costs in Hong Kong and examine spatio-temporal boundary effects on the estimated results. During the period between 2012 and 2016, mean annual welfare loss from PM2.5 pollution is estimated to be US$1.5–1.8 billion or 0.5%–0.7% of Hong Kong’s gross domestic product. Premature deaths associated with chronic exposure are the most important health endpoint, accounting for >95% of the total costs. The estimated results are subject to large spatio-temporal boundary effects. On the one hand, disregarding cross-district heterogeneity in air quality and socioeconomic conditions leads to a downward bias of up to 13%, due to spatial correlations among PM2.5 levels, district population, and household incomes. On the other hand, neglecting intra-year variations in PM2.5 concentrations results in overestimation of up to 18%, due to nonlinearity in concentration–response relationships. The estimation bias from coarse analysis units likely further increases in national or global studies, given the magnitude of the spatio-temporal variations involved at these levels.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 498-518
Issue: 4
Volume: 23
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2018.1514275
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2018.1514275
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:23:y:2019:i:4:p:498-518




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mohammad Hesam Hafezi
Author-X-Name-First: Mohammad Hesam
Author-X-Name-Last: Hafezi
Author-Name: Naznin Sultana Daisy
Author-X-Name-First: Naznin Sultana
Author-X-Name-Last: Daisy
Author-Name: Lei Liu
Author-X-Name-First: Lei
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Author-Name: Hugh Millward
Author-X-Name-First: Hugh
Author-X-Name-Last: Millward
Title: Modelling transport-related pollution emissions for the synthetic baseline population of a large Canadian university
Abstract: 
 Large universities can be considered as special trip generators requiring special Traffic Demand Management (TDM) policies. Due to their unique accessibility, mixed land-use, and welcoming environment for alternative modes, they are well placed to promote active transportation, carpooling, parking management, and shuttle buses. These have direct effects on regional traffic, as well as on the total vehicular emissions of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) and other pollutants. This paper estimates transport-related pollution emissions for university population segments at Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, comprising undergraduate-students, graduate students, faculty members, and staff. The data used for this study are derived from the Environmentally Aware Commuter Travel Diary Survey (EnACT) conducted in spring 2016. Initially, we generate a 100% synthetic population for the entirety of university commuters. Then, we model transport-related polluting emissions, including carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NOx), particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), total hydrocarbon (THC), and volatile organic compounds (VOC), based on the population features and their living zones in relation to campus areas. In this study, five zones are described for emission estimation: on-campus, inner city, suburban area, inner commuter belt, and outer commuter belt. In addition, two emission scenarios are tested, which consider the impacts of changes to transit ridership and auto driving. These scenarios demonstrate how changing the primary travel mode can greatly influence emissions volume. The empirical models provide useful insights that can be utilized to improve TDM policies of university campuses, as well as to analyze environmental mitigation scenarios.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 519-533
Issue: 4
Volume: 23
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2019.1571432
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2019.1571432
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:23:y:2019:i:4:p:519-533




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Faisal K. Mohammed
Author-X-Name-First: Faisal K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Mohammed
Author-Name: Jacob Opadeyi
Author-X-Name-First: Jacob
Author-X-Name-Last: Opadeyi
Author-Name: Denise M. Beckles
Author-X-Name-First: Denise M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Beckles
Title: The relationship between Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) concentration and traffic count along the urban roadways of a small island state: a spatial analysis technique
Abstract: 
 A major contributor of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in road dust is vehicular emissions from gasoline- and diesel-powered engines. In this study, the modelling of the relations between PAH concentrations in road dust and traffic counts over two climatic seasons were explored using global ordinary least squares (OLS) and local geographically weighted regression (GWR) models. For the various roadways investigated, the performance of the GWR models showed great improvements over the OLS models as denoted by comparisons of the coefficients of determination (r2) and corrected Akaike Information Criterion (AICc) for both seasons. The GWR models also highlighted the existence of spatial non-stationarity in the relationship between PAH concentration and traffic count. The results from this study validate that PAH concentrations in road dust and traffic counts were spatially correlated, however, the possibility of improving the model by utilizing additional independent variables must be explored.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 534-550
Issue: 4
Volume: 23
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2018.1558103
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2018.1558103
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:23:y:2019:i:4:p:534-550




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hashem Dadashpoor
Author-X-Name-First: Hashem
Author-X-Name-Last: Dadashpoor
Author-Name: Sadegh Saeidi Shirvan
Author-X-Name-First: Sadegh
Author-X-Name-Last: Saeidi Shirvan
Title: Measuring functional polycentricity developments using the flow of goods in Iran: a novel method at a regional scale
Abstract: 
 The debate concerning the polycentricity concept and its related methods has led to numerous studies. However, these studies have focused less on the analysis of polycentricity in developing countries, such as Iran, which is peculiar because of its various socioeconomic and political features. Also, while most of the current studies have measured the polycentricity at one time, only a limited number of them have paid attention to the longitudinal perspective. Thus, this paper intends to examine functional polycentricity developments by exploring a novel method on a regional scale. To do this, we have applied a dynamic method in the case of Iran to measure the polycentricity by using data concerning the flow of goods. Our findings indicate that the polycentricity index of the system raised from 0.24 to 0.81 over a 15-year period. Therefore, theoretically, the spatial system moved towards more polycentricity. The outcome of the socioeconomic flows in Iran was such that they continuously reduced the distance between centres and reproduced moves towards a more polycentric pattern.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 551-567
Issue: 4
Volume: 23
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2018.1556114
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2018.1556114
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:23:y:2019:i:4:p:551-567




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ali Tokhmehchian
Author-X-Name-First: Ali
Author-X-Name-Last: Tokhmehchian
Author-Name: Minou Gharehbaglou
Author-X-Name-First: Minou
Author-X-Name-Last: Gharehbaglou
Title: Biophilic perception in urban green spaces (Case study: El Gölü Park, Tabriz)
Abstract: 
 The purpose of this paper is to investigate biophilic perceptions in urban green spaces. This paper also intends to answer the following question: ‘To what extent does Biophilic perception become possible in El Gölü Park, if at all?’ To answer this question, we will discuss the concept of biophilia and the factors that affect its realization in urban green spaces to analyse the effective components in this approach. To this end, we will provide a review of the literature in the theoretical part to present a conceptual model. Then, in the field study part, we used random sampling to select 384 subjects as our study sample. The underlying research methodology is structural equation modelling (in particular, the finite element method abbreviated as FEM). Using IBM SPSS Statistics and EQS, we analysed the main areas of biophilic perception (including sensory perception, experiential reception and mental recognition) and the common areas (including cognition and perception, sensory-affective experience and cognitive experience) as the independent variables and biophilic perception in El Gölü Park of Tabriz as the dependent variable. The results of the study indicate that the main areas of biophilic perception, with a standardized weighted load factor of 0.92–0.96, confirm the highly desirable intensity of the relationship of the conceptual model of biophilic perception. Also, the independent variables of ‘the five senses’, ‘orientation systems’, ‘historical-cultural meanings’, ‘air and the perceptions derived from it’, ‘semantic systems’, ‘relaxation and psychological security’, ‘perception of complexity in nature’, ‘comfort and safety’, ‘perception of mysteriousness in nature’ and ‘climate’ play the most effective role in obtaining the biophilic perception of the audience of El Gölü Park of Tabriz.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 568-585
Issue: 4
Volume: 23
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2019.1568284
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2019.1568284
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:23:y:2019:i:4:p:568-585




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Peer Smets
Author-X-Name-First: Peer
Author-X-Name-Last: Smets
Title: Indian community-based housing finance systems: potentials and pitfalls for urban development and housing improvement
Abstract: 
 In developing and emerging countries, housing finance is mainly mortgage finance in combination with Western unsecured credit, both of which do not serve the bottom of the income pyramid. Poorer sections of society depend on incremental finance for building their houses. A combination of different sources is usually used including individual servicing of housing finance and community-based housing finance. Community-based financing covers a relatively small section of the housing finance market. In the formal financial sector, such initiatives include mainly credit unions and cooperatives. In the informal sector, a much broader kaleidoscope of community-based financing schemes and links with banks exists. This paper provides an overview of three kinds of informal community-based housing finance associations: rotating savings and credit associations, savings associations and accumulating savings and credit associations. These examples can be seen as a source of good practices. However, schemes that are commodified can have a huge potential for the development of informal settlements, but can also become instruments of institutions, benefiting the state and the better off, who profit at the expense of those at the bottom of the income pyramid.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 586-600
Issue: 4
Volume: 23
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2018.1514274
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2018.1514274
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:23:y:2019:i:4:p:586-600




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert E. Lang
Author-X-Name-First: Robert E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Lang
Author-Name: Jaewon Lim
Author-X-Name-First: Jaewon
Author-X-Name-Last: Lim
Author-Name: Karen A. Danielsen
Author-X-Name-First: Karen A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Danielsen
Title: The origin, evolution, and application of the megapolitan area concept
Abstract: 
 The article explores the origin and evolution of the ‘megapolitan concept', the idea of a super-sized region that began in 1961 in Jean Gottmann's ‘megalopolis,' which he developed to explain large-scale urbanization in the Northeastern U.S. Jerome Picard, a researcher at the Urban Land Institute took up the megalopolis idea in 1967 and applied it to the entire U.S. and projected large-scale urban growth to 2000. The Regional Plan Association (RPA) also applied the megalopolis concept to The Second Regional Plan for New York in 1968. Lang in 2000s, then working with his colleagues at Virginia Tech developed the megapolitan concept and definition-in part to differential the concept from work being done by the University of Pennsylvania for RPA. Lang defined ‘megapolitan clusters’ as multiple megapolitan areas that are networked either by commuting, logistics, or dense air links, but where there is no more than three times the distance used to define a Megapolitan Area between anchor metropolitan areas at their furthest distance. The recent evolution of megapolitan area and megapolitan cluster concepts by Lang and the colleagues is applied to a series of projects, including ‘Sun Corridor’ in 2006 (Phoenix-Tucson) and the Southwest Triangle (SoCal-Sun Corridor-Las Vegas) in 2014. The article ends with the future application of megapolitan area concept in the rapidly growing Southwest Triangle megapolitan cluster.Highlights
This article explores the origins and evolution of the megapolitan and megaregional concepts.It traces the idea from early-to-mid twentieth century urban theorists such as Patrick Geddes and Jean Gottmann to current thinkers such as Robert Lang and Robert Yaro.The article divides scholars into two schools of thought - those who focus on its spatial dimension and those who estimate its functional relationships.The article looks at future research on megapolitan areas facing growing connectivity beyond commuters and logistics exchanges.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 1-12
Issue: 1
Volume: 24
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2019.1696220
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2019.1696220
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:24:y:2020:i:1:p:1-12




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jurairat Phuttharak
Author-X-Name-First: Jurairat
Author-X-Name-Last: Phuttharak
Author-Name: Seng Loke
Author-X-Name-First: Seng
Author-X-Name-Last: Loke
Title: Exploring incentive mechanisms for mobile crowdsourcing: sense of safety in a Thai city
Abstract: 
 The rapid adoption of mobile devices enables capture and transmission of a variety of sensor and user-contributed data, creating a new data collection paradigm and a wide range of services, often termed as mobile crowdsourcing. However, we are still investigating factors contributing towards the effectiveness of such systems. One key factor to succeed in mobile crowdsourcing applications is the incentive mechanism, which motivates people to contribute to a crowdsourcing effort. In this research, we conducted field experiments that compared the effectiveness of non-monetary and monetary incentive mechanisms, using both quantitative and qualitative methods. The focus was on an exploration of how these mechanisms motivate users’ performance in a mobile crowdsourcing environment. In the experiment, we developed a smart zoning application that allows users to share areas of the cities they perceived as safe or unsafe. The results from this study contribute to research in mobile crowdsourcing for urban understanding. Taken together, these results suggest that payment-related incentives can not only engage people’s interest in project participation but also help improve their work performance in terms of productivity and quality. Notably, a fixed-price financial reward mechanism is best suited for short period data collection and achieving data quality. Also, referral incentive mechanisms, if properly designed, have the potential to extend user coverage, both spatially and temporally. These results can be helpful with regard to the formulation of guidelines on how to create and organize effective payment-based incentives for crowd involvement in cities.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 13-34
Issue: 1
Volume: 24
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2019.1596038
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2019.1596038
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:24:y:2020:i:1:p:13-34




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Subasish Das
Author-X-Name-First: Subasish
Author-X-Name-Last: Das
Author-Name: Minh Le
Author-X-Name-First: Minh
Author-X-Name-Last: Le
Author-Name: Michael P. Pratt
Author-X-Name-First: Michael P.
Author-X-Name-Last: Pratt
Author-Name: Curtis Morgan
Author-X-Name-First: Curtis
Author-X-Name-Last: Morgan
Title: Safety effectiveness of truck lane restrictions: a case study on Texas urban corridors
Abstract: 
 Truck lane restrictions (TLRs) have become increasingly popular throughout the United States over the last 20 years due to the improvement in traffic operations and safety, pavement life, and other associated factors. This study examines the safety performance of the TLRs that have been implemented in the North Texas region. TLR prohibit semi- trucks (trucks) from using the left-most freeway lane, or inner lane, except in passing or emergency maneuvers. This study uses 16 sites with TLR in the Dallas-Fort Worth area to conduct an observational before-after study. For safety effectiveness analysis, it is always hard to get three years before and three years after data. For immediate safety effectiveness analysis, sophisticated predictive tools could be used in estimating ‘after’ year crashes. This study used the Enhanced Interchange Safety Analysis Tool (ISATe) to supplement the limited after year crash data. This study used Empirical Bayes (EB) method due to its consideration of regression-to-mean bias. The findings show that TLRs perform an overall positive safety effectiveness for large truck-involved fatal and injury crashes for six-lane roadways. This study concludes that implementing TLR as a truck-related safety strategy which are cost-effective to implement, may contribute to improving safety on urban freeways.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 35-49
Issue: 1
Volume: 24
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2019.1585929
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2019.1585929
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:24:y:2020:i:1:p:35-49




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mack Joong Choi
Author-X-Name-First: Mack Joong
Author-X-Name-Last: Choi
Author-Name: Urandulguun Enkhbat
Author-X-Name-First: Urandulguun
Author-X-Name-Last: Enkhbat
Title: Distributional effects of Ger area redevelopment in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Abstract: 
 Ger area in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia has unique characteristics as nomadic portable dwellings have been clustered in the urban area through massive migration with a transition to a market economy. Since it has given rise to serious urban problems, including low-density urban sprawl, lack of basic services and infrastructure, and city-wide environmental pollution, Ger area has been dealt with as squatter and informal settlement to be eventually redeveloped. This study concentrates more on the fact that Ger area has become a legitimate settlement through the privatization of land, recognizing that the privatized land is a real asset by which Ger residents take advantage of the redevelopment as an opportunity to overcome poverty. In this regard, it examines how the land asset distributed free of charge, has contributed to asset accumulation of Ger residents through redevelopment. Empirical simulation based on financial cost–benefit assessments reveals that all redevelopment profits belong to developers exclusively, while Ger residents do not share any profit. Therefore, it is recommended that the redevelopment profit be shared with Ger residents, including the joint venture model in which the profit is distributed in proportion of land and capital equity investment with land price reflected potentialities of high-density land use. It is also recommended that some of the redevelopment profit be converted into providing affordable housing and, particularly in the scheme of land value capture, providing off-site and connecting infrastructure which otherwise the government supplies with taxpayers’ money.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 50-68
Issue: 1
Volume: 24
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2019.1571433
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2019.1571433
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:24:y:2020:i:1:p:50-68




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Reza Kheyroddin
Author-X-Name-First: Reza
Author-X-Name-Last: Kheyroddin
Author-Name: Mohammad Ghaderi
Author-X-Name-First: Mohammad
Author-X-Name-Last: Ghaderi
Title: New towns as deconcentration or another concentration in the metropolis: evidence from Parand New Town in the Tehran Metropolitan Area
Abstract: 
 The development of Parand New Town continues with the purposes such as ‘attraction of Tehran's overflow population’. Reflecting on its expansion and communications with Tehran City strengthens the idea that the development of this new town is not consistent with its main goal. The present study aimed to describe the realities on residence and living in Parand New Town descriptively and analytically. First, available and reliable statistics and information were used to express how the concentration of population is in the Tehran Metropolitan Area using quantitative methods and Herfindahl index. Then, using field studies, a sample of 384 people were selected and the designed questionnaires were distributed among them to validate the analysis. The results indicate that the concentration of population in the Tehran Metropolitan Area has increased compared to the whole country (Iran), and over the past two decades, the population has been growing faster in the cities surrounding Tehran City. The same trend is also observed in Parand New Town. Moreover, the residents of Parand new town include direct and secondary immigrants entering Tehran Province and such a situation is not so much in line with the deconcentration of Tehran. Parand New Town is attracting the population from the areas outside the Tehran Conurbation, due to its some attractions such as cheap housing and its proximity to Tehran, which will result in an intensified concentration of the Tehran Metropolitan Area. Moreover, Parand New Town residents’ tendencies show that this new town will become an immigrant throwing platform to Tehran. Thus, there is a need for seeking other strategies to inhibit and adjust this situation.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 69-87
Issue: 1
Volume: 24
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2019.1604249
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2019.1604249
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:24:y:2020:i:1:p:69-87




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Woo Min Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Woo Min
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Author-Name: Hyo Sook Park
Author-X-Name-First: Hyo Sook
Author-X-Name-Last: Park
Author-Name: Seung Nam Kim
Author-X-Name-First: Seung Nam
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim
Author-Name: Jae Cheol Kim
Author-X-Name-First: Jae Cheol
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim
Author-Name: Kyung Hwan Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Kyung Hwan
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Title: Effects of elementary school neighbourhood environment on children’s play activities: a case study of GaeMyong elementary school neighbourhood
Abstract: 
 Although play activity is essential for children, opportunities for play is decreasing due to changes in life patterns. Urban neighbourhoods should be part of the provision of space where children can play freely and should help children play as part of their daily routine. This study analysed the elementary school neighbourhood environment features influencing the play activity of children. Study results showed that traffic safety, crime safety, walking environment, and community consciousness influenced the activity of children. It was also found that children tended to play adventurously, such as climbing up to a high position on a handrail or jungle gym and walking atop high places. This study will help to promote the play activity of children through improving an elementary school neighbourhood environment by focusing on the features that affect children’s play activity.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 88-109
Issue: 1
Volume: 24
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2019.1570862
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2019.1570862
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:24:y:2020:i:1:p:88-109




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Vinayak Sakharam Adane
Author-X-Name-First: Vinayak Sakharam
Author-X-Name-Last: Adane
Author-Name: Surashmie Gawande
Author-X-Name-First: Surashmie
Author-X-Name-Last: Gawande
Title: Exposure and inequity: assessing commuter vulnerability and the quality of noise environment on urban arterials
Abstract: 
 It is a well-established fact that a mobility corridor is a source of various street level noises impacting unprotected commuters. Although this fact is understood rarely has it been investigated to evince the category of commuters it affects or its intensity? The purpose of this study is to characterize and establish the noise environment, elicit the degree of noise exposure and establish the inequity that gets distributed in a common public space on vulnerable commuter categories. For this study noise levels were recorded at intersections and mid segments of corridors at 24 locations to assess the noise environments. The degree of exposure and equity were derived using a Semantic differential (SD) rating scale. The study consisted of two parts: noise survey and the traffic stream and modal attribute study. The results were analysed statistically and a rating scale developed to inform analysis and interpretation. The paper dwells on two related aspects of vulnerability; exposure and equity. The study reveals that at all locations surveyed noise levels remained far above prescribed limits. This study indicates the dominance of MT’s in terms of volume and road usage and showed that although slow commuters and NMT’s generated lesser noise on road environments inequity is foisted on them when compared to MT modes. Results indicate that the percentage of the total volume of non-motorized (NMT) commuters in the two road environments studied does not affect the noise climate. All noise descriptors indicate high noise emissions the sources of which are motorized transport as compared to the NMT’s which are susceptible and are comparatively more sensitive to this externality. The vulnerability score is derived on a rating scale. The vulnerability matrix and scores developed show high scores for slower modes indicative of the intensity of exposure based on factors evolved from the study.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 110-127
Issue: 1
Volume: 24
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2019.1652109
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2019.1652109
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:24:y:2020:i:1:p:110-127




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Youn Suk Oh
Author-X-Name-First: Youn Suk
Author-X-Name-Last: Oh
Author-Name: Hyun Seok Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Hyun Seok
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Title: Impact of one-person households on detached housing sales prices
Abstract: 
 A considerable number of single-person households in Korea belong to the vulnerable social group, and as of 2015, more than 50% of them are showing a characteristic of being concentrated in a dilapidated detached dwelling which was subdivided into a small unit; in this context, the movements of the detached house market, and its development potential are directly connected to the residential stability problem of a single-person household. The purpose of this study is to diagnose the residential problem of a single-person household trough the empirical analysis of the relationship between detached housings sales prices in housing sales market and one-person households. After analysing the detached housing sales data in Seoul, it was verified that the SPAR (Sales Price Appraisal Ratio) of the area heavily resided by one-person households was statistically significantly high compared to other areas. In order to verify whether this positive correlation is established in case of total age groups of one-person households, or even in case of a transactions motive for reconstruction, the multiple regression analysis by using the hedonic model was implemented. As a result, the positive (+) relationship exists in the areas heavily resided by young one-person households, and there is a concern of relatively increased future residential cost burden of the young generation. Also, in case when the transactions are intended for reconstruction purposes, there was a negative (–) impact by the one-person households on the sales prices. From developers’ point of view, it seems that the concentration of one-person households can lower the possibility of repayment of loans borrowed for the reconstruction, the possibility of housing sales, and the rent profit. Therefore, it is difficult to expect the improvement in deteriorated areas heavily populated by one-person households to function as a market; hereupon, the government’s aggressive intervention seems to be inevitable.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 128-148
Issue: 1
Volume: 24
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2019.1592696
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2019.1592696
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:24:y:2020:i:1:p:128-148




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Haejung Chun
Author-X-Name-First: Haejung
Author-X-Name-Last: Chun
Title: A study on the impact of changes in consumer sentiment on the housing market in Korea
Abstract: 
 This study examined the effect of consumer sentiment on housing market upon the trading volume and price in the housing market through the panel Vector Auto-Regression analysis employed on monthly data collected from 15 metropolitan cities and local provinces in Korea. Results of the empirical analysis revealed the positive (+) influence of consumer sentiment upon trading volume and price in the housing market together with the negative (−) influence of interest rate of CDs and actual construction of residential buildings and the positive (+) one of the index of industrial production upon trading price in the housing market. The results imply that the moves of trading volume and price in the housing market would be dependent on the speculation on trading price of houses in the housing market. It also suggests that the consumer sentiment can be employed as a variable to predict moves in the housing market.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 129-146
Issue: 2
Volume: 21
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2016.1239548
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2016.1239548
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:21:y:2017:i:2:p:129-146




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dong Lin
Author-X-Name-First: Dong
Author-X-Name-Last: Lin
Author-Name: Andrew Allan
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew
Author-X-Name-Last: Allan
Author-Name: Jianqiang Cui
Author-X-Name-First: Jianqiang
Author-X-Name-Last: Cui
Title: Sub-centres, socio-economic characteristics and commuting: a case study and its implications
Abstract: 
 Institutional and economic reforms in China have not only delivered major improvements in people’s living standards but also changed the spatial structure of Chinese cities. In addition, substantially increased commuting times have become a serious problem influencing quality of life in the mega-cities of China. Accordingly, research into the dynamics of urban restructuring in rapidly growing Chinese cities and the impacts on workers’ commuting patterns would provide important evidence in this research field. The results of this case study suggest that polycentric urban development has a significant influence on employees’ commuting times. Promoting local jobs-housing balance in sub-centres would shorten commuting times for workers. The findings also suggest that the locations and types of employment centres are significantly associated with individuals’ choice of housing and workplace locations, and accordingly their commuting behaviour. The effects of decentralization of employment on workers’ commuting times differ depending on the extent of suburbanization of different economic sectors. The findings in this research also suggest that workers’ commuting behaviour is related to individual socio-economic characteristics, such as income and education.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 147-171
Issue: 2
Volume: 21
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2016.1261646
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2016.1261646
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:21:y:2017:i:2:p:147-171




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fatemeh Baratian-Ghorghi
Author-X-Name-First: Fatemeh
Author-X-Name-Last: Baratian-Ghorghi
Author-Name: Huaguo Zhou
Author-X-Name-First: Huaguo
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhou
Author-Name: Hossein Ahmadian-Yazdi
Author-X-Name-First: Hossein
Author-X-Name-Last: Ahmadian-Yazdi
Title: Associations between the characteristics of intersections and the risk of red-light-running crashes
Abstract: 
 Many studies have focused on the effects of drivers and the characteristics of signals on crashes involving automobiles running red-lights (referred to as ‘RLR’ in this paper). However, very little work has been conducted to quantify the effect of the geometric design of intersections on the risk of RLR crashes. This study investigates signalized intersections in Alabama to examine how RLR crashes differ from other types of crashes at these intersections. The analysis results indicate that four-way intersections showed a higher susceptibility of RLR crashes than other intersection types. Some other comparisons that showed a higher susceptibility of RLR crashes were intersections on straight roadways compared to curved roads, level roads compared to downhill or uphill, crest or sag, and intersections having two-lane cross streets compared to those with wider cross streets. Also, installing a left-turn lane can reduce the proportion of RLR crashes compared to others at the signalized intersections.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 172-184
Issue: 2
Volume: 21
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2016.1262784
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2016.1262784
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:21:y:2017:i:2:p:172-184




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jianqiang Cui
Author-X-Name-First: Jianqiang
Author-X-Name-Last: Cui
Author-Name: Becky P. Y. Loo
Author-X-Name-First: Becky P. Y.
Author-X-Name-Last: Loo
Author-Name: Dong Lin
Author-X-Name-First: Dong
Author-X-Name-Last: Lin
Title: Travel behaviour and mobility needs of older adults in an ageing and car-dependent society
Abstract: 
 An ageing population poses long-term challenges for a nation’s health, labour force market, housing and transport, affecting economic growth, living standards and government finances. With increasingly rapid ageing in both developed and developing countries, how to develop future transport frameworks, taking into account the increasingly large ageing population and their travel needs, has been emerging as a major challenge in urban policy development. This review explores how demographic changes in an ageing society and the associated travel patterns of a changing older cohort may impact on future transport demand by providing evidence on the travel behaviour of older adults, its associated influencing factors and the possible alternatives to car transport for older adults. It concludes by discussing major policy areas for addressing the elderly’s mobility needs via the provision of future transport infrastructure and services, implementing legislative and institutional approaches, and building accessible mobility environments. The paper also identifies key directions for further research.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 109-128
Issue: 2
Volume: 21
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2016.1262785
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2016.1262785
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:21:y:2017:i:2:p:109-128




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nooreddin Azimi
Author-X-Name-First: Nooreddin
Author-X-Name-Last: Azimi
Author-Name: Yagoub Esmaeilzadeh
Author-X-Name-First: Yagoub
Author-X-Name-Last: Esmaeilzadeh
Title: Assessing the relationship between house types and residential satisfaction in Tabriz, Iran
Abstract: 
 This research investigates the association between house type and residential satisfaction in terms of neighbourhood and dwelling acceptability to occupants. Using a questionnaire survey, 328 households were sampled to evaluate the perceived residential satisfaction among three major house types of single-unit houses, multi-unit apartment houses and housing complexes in Tabriz, Iran. One-way analysis of variance and categorical regression analysis were used to analyse the data. Data analysis indicated that a significant relationship exists between house type and residential satisfaction with respect to selected variables of building amenities, privacy of dwelling units, school accessibility, quality of access roads and satisfaction with neighbours. Results of regression analysis revealed that the main predictors of residential satisfaction are not the same for all house types. While neighbourhood characteristics are the main predictors of residential satisfaction for all house types in Tabriz, building characteristics impact only satisfaction of apartment residents. This study has implications for residential planning in Iran, and confirms the need for housing planners and development agencies to consider relevant aspects of users’ preferences, which include their quest for suitable house types, when conceptualizing housing designs and residential development.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 185-203
Issue: 2
Volume: 21
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2016.1273128
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2016.1273128
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:21:y:2017:i:2:p:185-203




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: James Yoo
Author-X-Name-First: James
Author-X-Name-Last: Yoo
Author-Name: Thomas Frederick
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas
Author-X-Name-Last: Frederick
Title: The varying impact of land subsidence and earth fissures on residential property values in Maricopa County – a quantile regression approach
Abstract: 
 This paper uses quantile regression to examine the impact of land subsidence and earth fissures on residential property values across different quantiles of distribution in housing prices in Maricopa County, Arizona. Using 82,716 arms-length property sales between 2004 and 2010, we estimated a fixed effects quantile regression model predicting the impact of land subsidence and earth fissures on property values. We found that both land subsidence and earth fissures had a negative impact on property values. The impact of land subsidence and earth fissures vary statistically across different distributions of housing prices. Disamenity impacts are found to be more pronounced at high-priced homes while they are statistically insignificant at substantially lower priced homes.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 204-216
Issue: 2
Volume: 21
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2016.1273129
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2016.1273129
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yakubu Aliyu Bununu
Author-X-Name-First: Yakubu Aliyu
Author-X-Name-Last: Bununu
Title: Integration of Markov chain analysis and similarity-weighted instance-based machine learning algorithm (SimWeight) to simulate urban expansion
Abstract: 
 This study simulates urban expansion using Kaduna in North-West Nigeria as a case study. A hybrid model that integrates the similarity-weighted instance-based machine learning algorithm for transition potential modelling and the Markov chain model to quantify and allocate land-use change was used to overcome the identified weaknesses of known modelling techniques such as the cellular automata, Markov chain and standard logistic regression models. Environmental and urban physical variables that act as constraints and/or incentives to urban expansion were operationalized to create transition potentials for spatiotemporal states of built-up land use for the year 1990 and 2001. Model evaluation and validation was carried out using the relative operating characteristic and kappa index of agreement statistics. Having obtained satisfactory outcomes from the validation process, the modelled transition potentials were used to predict future urban expansion for forthcoming years. The simulated land-use maps provide valuable insights into the location and type of urban expansion that is likely to occur in Kaduna in the foreseeable future. This provides city managers and planners much needed information that could inform urban policy aimed at better planning and management of urban development.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 217-237
Issue: 2
Volume: 21
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2017.1284607
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2017.1284607
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:21:y:2017:i:2:p:217-237




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Myoungsub Choi
Author-X-Name-First: Myoungsub
Author-X-Name-Last: Choi
Author-Name: Taelim Choi
Author-X-Name-First: Taelim
Author-X-Name-Last: Choi
Title: Agglomeration, productivity, and high-growth firms in the manufacturing sector of South Korea
Abstract: 
 Previous empirical studies have highlighted the significant contribution of a small fraction of high-growth firms to job creation in many countries. As a result, local economic development policy has promoted the creation of high-growth firms. Despite the impact of high-growth firms on local employment, few studies have examined the spatial aspect of such firms on a regional scale. This study focuses on the relationship among agglomerations, productivity, and high employment growth in the manufacturing sector of South Korea. Our analysis provides empirical evidence for the mutually positive impact of agglomeration, productivity, and high employment growth in the manufacturing sector of this nation. Results indicate that high-growth firms tend to be more productive, and firms with higher productivity are more likely to experience strong growth in employment. Furthermore, localization, concentration of firms within one industry, reinforces these positive relationships by enhancing productivity that subsequently leads to high employment growth. Our findings imply that spatial policy may play a complementary role in nurturing a greater number of firms with a potential for strong growth in employment.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 58-71
Issue: 1
Volume: 21
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2016.1195278
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2016.1195278
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:21:y:2017:i:1:p:58-71




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thanh Bao Nguyen
Author-X-Name-First: Thanh Bao
Author-X-Name-Last: Nguyen
Author-Name: Erwin Van de Krabben
Author-X-Name-First: Erwin
Author-X-Name-Last: Van de Krabben
Author-Name: D. Ary A. Samsura
Author-X-Name-First: D. Ary A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Samsura
Title: A curious case of property privatization: two examples of the tragedy of the anticommons in Ho Chi Minh City-Vietnam
Abstract: 
 This paper focuses on the influence of land and property privatization processes on urban development in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam. Many scholars have recognized that the privatization policy regarding property and land use rights may create a fragmentation of private land ownership, which eventually can lead to what has been called the tragedy of the anticommons. This paper observes how this phenomenon has also threatened urban development in HCMC after the introduction of the Doi Moi policy. Two case studies show two different types of development processes in HCMC, namely a small self-development project and a large-scale commercial project. Both case studies reveal how (potential) tragedies of the anticommons can be solved in different ways.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 72-90
Issue: 1
Volume: 21
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2016.1209122
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2016.1209122
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jonathan D. Paul
Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Paul
Title: The limits of London
Abstract: 
 The metropolis of London, UK, can be defined in multiple ways. The official statistical definition of Greater London is somewhat arbitrary and differs substantially from postal, telephone, political, transport, and many other Londons. This paper critically compares new methods of defining the limits of London, using census data and railway travel-times, and within the context of political leanings and historical development. London can be divided into an inner core and outer fringe, the latter often indistinguishable from the surrounding countryside. However, there are striking differences within this fringe: while the edge of the city is sometimes sharp, it more often takes the form of a zone up to 10 km wide. This width reflects the wealth of ways in which the city can be defined. The concept of London’s economic footprint or travel-to-work area has motivated the inclusion a new super-Greater London unit, well beyond traditional city limits. Commuter towns within this area can be considered ‘half-London’. While viewing London’s limits dynamically in relation to its surrounding hinterland is certainly attractive and satisfies multiple datasets, cleaving to the official definition of Greater London is more useful for statistical purposes.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 41-57
Issue: 1
Volume: 21
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2016.1226940
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2016.1226940
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:21:y:2017:i:1:p:41-57




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Peter J. Taylor
Author-X-Name-First: Peter J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Taylor
Title: Cities in climate change
Abstract: 
 Cities in climate change is presented as different from the conventional ‘cities and climate change’ literature: it is argued that anthropogenic climate change is generated through demand emanating from cities. This process is many millennia old. Therefore, to understand the concomitant increases in urbanization and climate change in the twenty-first century requires a trans-modern perspective that transcends the current focus on modernity privileging the progress myth and associated technological supply approaches to climate policy. This position is presented as a largely historical narrative based upon combining Jane Jacobs ‘cities first thesis’ with William Ruddiman’s ‘long, slow anthropogenic climate change thesis’. The implications of this approach are discussed in terms of the inherent difficulty of locating cities at the centre of climate change science and policy.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 1-14
Issue: 1
Volume: 21
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2016.1228473
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2016.1228473
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Seongman Jang
Author-X-Name-First: Seongman
Author-X-Name-Last: Jang
Author-Name: Youngsoo An
Author-X-Name-First: Youngsoo
Author-X-Name-Last: An
Author-Name: Changhyo Yi
Author-X-Name-First: Changhyo
Author-X-Name-Last: Yi
Author-Name: Seungil Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Seungil
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Title: Assessing the spatial equity of Seoul’s public transportation using the Gini coefficient based on its accessibility
Abstract: 
 The purpose of this research is to develop a methodology for calculating the index of the spatial equity for the public transportation services for the city of Seoul using the Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient based on accessibility to the services. The index was estimated for 100 m × 100 m cells first and then aggregated for 424 traffic analysis zones (TAZs) in the city. The indices for Seoul’s subway and bus were represented with and without the weighting factor. On the basis of this methodology, this study assessed the effect of an additional subway line on the spatial equity before and after its operation. Furthermore, an index of relative difference indicating the change in population and employment in the station areas was applied to investigate the changed effects of spatial equity between population and employment from the new subway line. The core findings from this research are summarized as follows. First, the subway network of Seoul provides more unequal public transportation services for the TAZs than for the bus network. Second, an improvement in the operation frequency of both transit modes would deepen the spatial inequity of Seoul. Third, a subway extension plan for Seoul could noticeably reduce the spatial inequity. The plan would improve the spatial equity for the population more than that for employment. The most important meaning of this study is to be found in combining spatial equity on the supply side with transit-oriented development (TOD) on the demand side. So, by establishing a TOD policy for the additional subway station areas, an appropriate land-use pattern can be established for maximizing potential ridership in consideration of the combination.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 91-107
Issue: 1
Volume: 21
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2016.1235487
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2016.1235487
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:21:y:2017:i:1:p:91-107




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Euijune Kim
Author-X-Name-First: Euijune
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim
Author-Name: Yasir Niti Samudro
Author-X-Name-First: Yasir Niti
Author-X-Name-Last: Samudro
Title: The impact of intergovernmental transfer funds on interregional income disparity in Indonesia
Abstract: 
 The purpose of this paper is to identify the impact of intergovernmental transfer funds on interregional income disparity in Indonesia after reforms by the administration towards fiscal decentralization. Household income data from 2006 and 2011 are used to generate interregional and intraregional income inequality index data. It is found interregional income disparities are affected by intergovernmental transfer funds, physical and human capital, employment, agglomeration, industrialization, openness, and geographical location. Intraregional income inequalities in rich provinces and poor provinces both have positive effects on interregional income disparity. If a central government increases the intergovernmental transfer fund to the rich province by 1%, this widens the interregional income disparity by 0.68%. An increase of the intergovernmental transfer fund to poor provinces by 1% is expected to reduce the interregional income disparity by 1.06%.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 22-40
Issue: 1
Volume: 21
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2016.1240626
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2016.1240626
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:21:y:2017:i:1:p:22-40




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David Bassens
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Bassens
Title: How not to fry the grandchildren? A response to Peter Taylor’s ‘cities in climate change’
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 15-19
Issue: 1
Volume: 21
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2016.1243069
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2016.1243069
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:21:y:2017:i:1:p:15-19




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Peter J. Taylor
Author-X-Name-First: Peter J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Taylor
Title: Response to Bassens
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 20-21
Issue: 1
Volume: 21
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2016.1243070
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2016.1243070
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:21:y:2017:i:1:p:20-21




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Qixiu Cheng
Author-X-Name-First: Qixiu
Author-X-Name-Last: Cheng
Author-Name: Zhiyuan Liu
Author-X-Name-First: Zhiyuan
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Author-Name: Feifei Liu
Author-X-Name-First: Feifei
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Author-Name: Ruo Jia
Author-X-Name-First: Ruo
Author-X-Name-Last: Jia
Title: Urban dynamic congestion pricing: an overview and emerging research needs
Abstract: 
 Congestion pricing is perceived as an economic instrument for transportation demand management in alleviating urban traffic congestion, and has received increasing attention both academically and practically in recent years. Compared with the conventional static congestion pricing models, dynamic congestion pricing (DCP) models are more rational and effective due to the inherent uncertainty, randomness and time-varying properties, of transportation systems. The theory, and methods, used in DCP are reviewed. According to the timescale distribution, DCP models can be classified into two major categories: within-day models and day-to-day models. Dynamic traffic assignment (DTA), which influences road users’ route choice and departure time behaviours, is the basis of DCP, thus this paper also reviews relevant studies on DTA problem. Three congestion pricing schemes including zonal-based, cordon-based and distance-based schemes are summarized. Finally, some implementation issues and future research directions are summarized.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 3-18
Issue: 0
Volume: 21
Year: 2017
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2016.1227275
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2016.1227275
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sybil Derrible
Author-X-Name-First: Sybil
Author-X-Name-Last: Derrible
Title: Complexity in future cities: the rise of networked infrastructure
Abstract: 
 How will urban infrastructure systems (UIS) be planned in future cities? In the twenty-first century, cities will need to overcome many challenges. They will need to accommodate a growing urban population who aspire for higher standards of living, while reducing the amount of energy and resources that are being consumed, and UIS planning will be central to address these challenges. A conceptual approach is taken in this article to envision the role and structure of UIS in future cities. First by recalling concepts of diminishing marginal returns from Joseph Tainter, a brief history of infrastructure planning is then offered, spanning from the early human settlements and the Roman aqueducts to modern planning. A discussion of the current structure and co-dependence of UIS follows, and ideas are presented to better engineer networked infrastructure systems, notably using elements of complexity science. Finally, some ideas are offered to leverage current advances in information technology to better coordinate UIS planning across various departments. Overall, UIS planning is bound to change dramatically, and better integrating them into networked infrastructure may be key to solve our current challenges in future cities.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 68-86
Issue: 0
Volume: 21
Year: 2017
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2016.1233075
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2016.1233075
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:21:y:2017:i:0:p:68-86




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Becky P. Y. Loo
Author-X-Name-First: Becky P. Y.
Author-X-Name-Last: Loo
Author-Name: Frederic du Verle
Author-X-Name-First: Frederic
Author-X-Name-Last: du Verle
Title: Transit-oriented development in future cities: towards a two-level sustainable mobility strategy
Abstract: 
 In this paper, a two-level sustainable mobility strategy for future cities is suggested and the potential key role of transit-oriented development (TOD) is discussed with reference to both the internal and external movements of people. In particular, a people-oriented and place-based approach is advocated. Governments should endeavour to move beyond simply pledging to reduce carbon emission to a specific level by a certain year but to adopt a life cycle approach in guiding the planning and development of future cities. There may need to be a shift in the system with a different balance of transport modes. Moreover, the correct type and mix of transport modes need to be provided with respect to where people and their activities are. Moreover, it is necessary to explicitly recognize the value of travel for both economic and non-economic purposes. Building upon the existing literature, this paper proposes three new directions for planning TODs in future cities. Firstly, the built environment should be understood at both the neighbourhood and city scales. Secondly, the success of TODs needs to be judged not just by the public transit patronage but also by the share of walking and other urban planning and design features like greenery and vibrancy. Thirdly, it is neither possible nor desirable to have uniformly high density, diversity and same design in every TOD neighbourhood. Using Hong Kong as an example, five major types of TOD neighbourhoods are identified. For intercity movements, integrated transport with seamless intermodal transfers and station–neighbourhood integration should be developed in future cities. More research should be done on quantifying and fostering the co-benefits associated with TOD.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 54-67
Issue: 0
Volume: 21
Year: 2017
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2016.1235488
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2016.1235488
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:21:y:2017:i:0:p:54-67




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xu Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Xu
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Author-Name: Thomas Riedel
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas
Author-X-Name-Last: Riedel
Title: Urban traffic control: present and the future
Abstract: 
 Faced with the great stride of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), in particular in the utilization of the Internet and advances in data gathering methods, the application of the ICT in Transport and Traffic is getting ever more pervasive and is providing more opportunities in managing and controlling traffic more efficiently, equitably, flexibly and more dynamic in detecting and responding to varying traffic demand and environmental concerns. ICT is one of the best tools in assisting network management and control to achieve the most desirable network performance for these goals. As the behaviour of the road users can be influenced by the information received through V2X communication, how to incorporate the behavioural change especially with regard to speed advisory into the future control system is discussed in this paper. This paper first shows two real examples in China in coordinating traffic control to general green waves in large and complex networks to reduce journey time and fuel consumption, it then moves to briefly describe the simTD project conducted in Germany and the VS-PLUS controller used in the project. VS-PLUS is a parameterized control method, very flexible in meeting a variety of management and control objectives and to configure to deal with diverse traffic conditions. Its flexibility keeps it open to build a higher level of intelligence. Finally, the paper proposes to include vehicle speed as an endogenous parameter in optimizing traffic control and then introduces a Urban Traffic Control system configuration using the system jointly developed from a partnership between the Key Laboratory for the Ministry for Public Security of China for Optimal System Integration and Control at the Anhui Keli Information Industry Co. Ltd and the Verkehrs-Systeme AG of Switzerland.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 87-100
Issue: 0
Volume: 21
Year: 2017
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2016.1236700
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2016.1236700
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:21:y:2017:i:0:p:87-100




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Takashi Oguchi
Author-X-Name-First: Takashi
Author-X-Name-Last: Oguchi
Author-Name: Akira Mitsuyasu
Author-X-Name-First: Akira
Author-X-Name-Last: Mitsuyasu
Author-Name: Daisuke Oshima
Author-X-Name-First: Daisuke
Author-X-Name-Last: Oshima
Author-Name: Takane Imagawa
Author-X-Name-First: Takane
Author-X-Name-Last: Imagawa
Title: An evaluation study on advanced public transport priority system using traffic simulation
Abstract: 
 For the reasons of environmental issues, congestion mitigation, and vulnerable road users, the surface mass public transport (PT) system in urban area should be improved and promoted in Japan. This paper provides an overview of the current state of public transport priority system (PTPS) and the possibility of advanced PTPS. The effects of advanced PTPS by microscopic traffic simulation are estimated. As a result, it is found that advanced PTPS improves time reliability and transportability of buses, even if a congestion around an intersection occurs. The introduction of combination of bus lane and advanced PTPS improves time reliability and the transportability more. On the other hand, the introduction of bus lane reduces the acceptable volume of other vehicles because of reduction in the number of lanes for them. It is considered that the other users are also expected to shift to PT along with the PT level of service improvement.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 43-53
Issue: 0
Volume: 21
Year: 2017
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2016.1275750
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2016.1275750
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cuauhtemoc Anda
Author-X-Name-First: Cuauhtemoc
Author-X-Name-Last: Anda
Author-Name: Alexander Erath
Author-X-Name-First: Alexander
Author-X-Name-Last: Erath
Author-Name: Pieter Jacobus Fourie
Author-X-Name-First: Pieter Jacobus
Author-X-Name-Last: Fourie
Title: Transport modelling in the age of big data
Abstract: 
 New Big Data sources such as mobile phone call data records, smart card data and geo-coded social media records allow to observe and understand mobility behaviour on an unprecedented level of detail. Despite the availability of such new Big Data sources, transport demand models used in planning practice still, almost exclusively, are based on conventional data such as travel diary surveys and population census. This literature review brings together recent advances in harnessing Big Data sources to understand travel behaviour and inform travel demand models that allow transport planners to compute what-if scenarios. From trip identification to activity inference, we review and analyse the existing data-mining methods that enable these opportunistically collected mobility traces inform transport demand models. We identify that future research should tap on the potential of probabilistic models and machine learning techniques as commonly used in data science. Those data-mining approaches are designed to handle the uncertainty of sparse and noisy data as it is the case for mobility traces derived from mobile phone data. In addition, they are suitable to integrate different related data sets in a data fusion scheme so as to enrich Big Data with information from travel diaries. In any case, we also acknowledge that sophisticated modelling knowledge has developed in the domain of transport planning and therefore we strongly advise that still, domain expert knowledge should build the fundament when applying data-driven approaches in transport planning. These new challenges call for a multidisciplinary collaboration between transport modellers and data scientists.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 19-42
Issue: 0
Volume: 21
Year: 2017
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2017.1281150
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2017.1281150
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Seungjae Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Seungjae
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Author-Name: Jooyoung Kim
Author-X-Name-First: Jooyoung
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim
Title: Editorial
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 1-2
Issue: 0
Volume: 21
Year: 2017
Month: 8
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2017.1320822
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2017.1320822
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:21:y:2017:i:0:p:1-2




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Catherine Ross
Author-X-Name-First: Catherine
Author-X-Name-Last: Ross
Author-Name: Myungje Woo
Author-X-Name-First: Myungje
Author-X-Name-Last: Woo
Author-Name: Fangru Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Fangru
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Title: Megaregions and regional sustainability
Abstract: 
 As a new geography megaregions, networks of metropolitan centres and their areas of influence are increasingly discussed within both academic and policy arenas as more population and economic activities are concentrating in these large-scale urban configurations with growing environmental and societal impacts. This paper examines the megaregion within the context of sustainable development. The paper argues that compared to traditional planning units, such as cities, regions, and Metropolitan Statistical Areas, the concept of megaregions is able to capture the way in which economic activities, ecological ties, and social and cultural linkages actually function and operate in the global economy. While megaregions can serve as a useful planning framework for addressing each element of sustainable development, economy, environment, and equity, the successful balance and implementation of these three elements may depend on a good, yet to be developed, megaregion governance structure with public, private, and federal or national leadership.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 299-317
Issue: 3
Volume: 20
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2016.1189846
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2016.1189846
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:20:y:2016:i:3:p:299-317




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hyun-Min Hwang
Author-X-Name-First: Hyun-Min
Author-X-Name-Last: Hwang
Author-Name: Matthew J. Fiala
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Fiala
Author-Name: Dongjoo Park
Author-X-Name-First: Dongjoo
Author-X-Name-Last: Park
Author-Name: Terry L. Wade
Author-X-Name-First: Terry L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wade
Title: Review of pollutants in urban road dust and stormwater runoff: part 1. Heavy metals released from vehicles
Abstract: 
 Urban road dust can be highly enriched with trace metals such as copper, lead, zinc, and platinum group elements (PGEs) that are released primarily from vehicles. Concentrations of these metals are up to about 100 times higher than background levels. Lead concentrations in sediment core have declined dramatically due to phase out of leaded gasoline. Recent ban on the use of lead wheel balancing weight in Europe and in some US states will accelerate the decline of lead in the environment. Concentrations of copper, zinc, and PGEs in sediments in many urban areas have increased continuously due to increase of urban sprawl and increased numbers and travel distance of vehicle. Wear of brake pads and tyres are the primary sources of copper and zinc in urban road dust. PGEs have been released from catalytic converters since the mid-1970s. Contaminated urban road dust is picked up by stormwater runoff and delivered into local receiving waterbodies (e.g. streams, rivers, lakes, and estuaries). Concentrations of these metals in waterbodies and sediments receiving stormwater runoff from densely populated urban areas are high enough to impair the health of aquatic organisms and frequently exceed water quality criteria and sediment quality guidelines. In order to improve the quality of urban waterbodies, legal regulations are necessary to reduce release of toxic metals from vehicle use as demonstrated in the case of lead in gasoline. Recent regulations and agreement to reduce copper content in brake pads to 0.5% by 2026 in the USA should result in significant reduction of copper entering urban watersheds. A less optimal option is removal of suspended sediments from stormwater runoff before they enter receiving waterbodies using best management practices such as retention ponds, detention basins, and grass swales.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 334-360
Issue: 3
Volume: 20
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2016.1193041
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2016.1193041
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:20:y:2016:i:3:p:334-360




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pedro Guimarães
Author-X-Name-First: Pedro
Author-X-Name-Last: Guimarães
Title: Revisiting retail planning policies in countries of restraint of Western Europe
Abstract: 
 Retail planning became more relevant following a number of notable changes that affected the retail sector. Among several other reasons, the peripheral location of new retail formats and the concentration in larger retail companies have had negative impacts on town centres and in the traditional retail structure. In this paper, we review the evolution of the main elements and axes of intervention in retail planning in England, Sweden, Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands. We also establish a retail planning definition that could be applied to the different national contexts. It is concluded that, although there is a similarity between the objectives of the policies implemented, the instruments applied are diverse and dependent on the evolution of societal characteristics, as well as political and ideological beliefs.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 361-380
Issue: 3
Volume: 20
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2016.1194225
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2016.1194225
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:20:y:2016:i:3:p:361-380




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joonho Ko
Author-X-Name-First: Joonho
Author-X-Name-Last: Ko
Author-Name: Chang Yi
Author-X-Name-First: Chang
Author-X-Name-Last: Yi
Title: Evaluating roadway network efficiency using archived link travel speed data
Abstract: 
 An evaluation of the roadway network efficiency is typically conducted by applying the two-fluid model, a macroscopic traffic flow model. This model generally requires two types of travel time data – running and stop times – for links, and these data are usually obtained by deploying a small number of test cars. Unlike this practice, this study utilizes archived link travel speed data which do not contain running and stop times. Because of this aspect, this study suggests an analytical framework, including a simple process of estimating running and stop times from average link travel speed. In addition, of the two two-fluid model parameters, only one parameter n is used for comparison purposes by fixing the other parameter Tm. A case study using Seoul network indicates that the network efficiency varies across the metropolitan area and that the network efficiency of core areas is superior to that of the other areas.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 381-392
Issue: 3
Volume: 20
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2016.1197792
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2016.1197792
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:20:y:2016:i:3:p:381-392




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Min Jiang
Author-X-Name-First: Min
Author-X-Name-Last: Jiang
Author-Name: Euijune Kim
Author-X-Name-First: Euijune
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim
Title: Impact of high-speed railroad on regional income inequalities in China and Korea
Abstract: 
 The purpose of this study is to analyse the impact of opening high-speed railroad (HSR) on the regional income inequality in China and Korea. The convergence models are applied to test the effect of the HSR on regional growth in terms of GRDP per capita across 455 cities and counties along the Beijing–Shanghai HSR corridor and 112 cities and counties along the Seoul–Busan HSR corridor, respectively. The results indicate that at the national level, a trend of convergence emerges during the three-year period of analysis in both China and Korea. At the HSR passing area level, HSR contributes to accelerate regional economic convergence and reduce the regional income disparities in China and Korea; however, HSR has different impacts on reducing the regional income inequality in China and Korea considering the HSR station cities. In Korea, the regional inequality is rather wider among the cities where HSR station located.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 393-406
Issue: 3
Volume: 20
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2016.1213139
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2016.1213139
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:20:y:2016:i:3:p:393-406




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Taher Osman
Author-X-Name-First: Taher
Author-X-Name-Last: Osman
Author-Name: Prasanna Divigalpitiya
Author-X-Name-First: Prasanna
Author-X-Name-Last: Divigalpitiya
Author-Name: Takafumi Arima
Author-X-Name-First: Takafumi
Author-X-Name-Last: Arima
Title: Using the SLEUTH urban growth model to simulate the impacts of future policy scenarios on land use in the Giza Governorate, Greater Cairo Metropolitan region
Abstract: 
 The goal of this paper was to find an appropriate urban policy to preserve arable land that is being consumed by highly accelerated urban growth in the Giza Governorate of the Greater Cairo Metropolitan region for the last 50 years. We simulated three different urban policies and relevant growth scenarios for Giza from 2015 to 2035 by using the SLEUTH model to investigate their effects on arable lands. The first scenario used historical growth trends to simulate the persistent growth trends under existing conditions. The second was a compact growth scenario with robust restrictions on development in areas outside of designated growth centres. The third scenario considered officially planned growth that integrated stricter growth plans and stronger protections on lands with natural resources at a level that could be realistically accomplished with strong political commitments. The input data required by the model, including slope, land use, exclusion, and urban growth, transportation, and hill shade were derived from three Landsat satellite images from 1984, 2000, and 2013, according to supervised classifications. The simulation results found that the compact growth policy scenario had the least negative impact on arable lands, while the historical growth scenario had the worst impact.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 407-426
Issue: 3
Volume: 20
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2016.1216327
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2016.1216327
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:20:y:2016:i:3:p:407-426




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tara L. Ramani
Author-X-Name-First: Tara L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Ramani
Author-Name: Josias Zietsman
Author-X-Name-First: Josias
Author-X-Name-Last: Zietsman
Title: Sustainable transportation – alternative perspectives and enduring challenges
Abstract: 
 This paper provides a discussion centred on the notion of ‘sustainable transportation’ as a concept for transportation academics and practitioners. Sustainable transportation broadly reflects the principles of sustainable development in the transportation sector. As with the broader notion of sustainability, there are several alternative perspectives on the definition, application, and value of the concept. The paper discusses key topics pertaining to the notion of sustainable transportation and how it is currently understood and applied. These include (1) concepts related to sustainability/sustainable development as a whole, including conflicts between approaches and definitions of sustainability, (2) an exploration of sustainable transportation and how it is addressed by the transportation sector, and (3) the use of indicators to apply sustainability concepts. We then identify several challenges that complicate the progress towards sustainable transportation – including issues with clearly defining the term, cross-cutting nature of the problem, inherent conflicts in sustainability, the multitudes of frameworks and metrics available, the politics of sustainability, and alternative discourses that exist in transportation practice. Based on our own research in this area, we conclude with recommendations for an overarching framework to address these issues. We propose an approach that is context-specific, outcome-focused, and holistic to tackle the enduring challenges of sustainable transportation.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 318-333
Issue: 3
Volume: 20
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2016.1217784
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2016.1217784
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:20:y:2016:i:3:p:318-333




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ramin Shabanpour
Author-X-Name-First: Ramin
Author-X-Name-Last: Shabanpour
Author-Name: Nima Golshani
Author-X-Name-First: Nima
Author-X-Name-Last: Golshani
Author-Name: Mehran Fasihozaman Langerudi
Author-X-Name-First: Mehran
Author-X-Name-Last: Fasihozaman Langerudi
Author-Name: Abolfazl (Kouros) Mohammadian
Author-X-Name-First: Abolfazl (Kouros)
Author-X-Name-Last: Mohammadian
Title: Planning in-home activities in the ADAPTS activity-based model: a joint model of activity type and duration
Abstract: 
 The role of in-home activities in the process of planning and scheduling of individuals’ daily activities has been traditionally ignored because of two reasons: (i) in-home activities are not directly involved with trips; and (ii) scarcity of data sources that provide required details on planning and scheduling of these activities. However, considering the interchangeable nature of out-of-home and in-home activities, and the significant effects that they have on each other, we argue that failing to incorporate in-home activities may result in overestimating frequency and duration of out-of-home activities, which may lead to inconsistent and unrealistic activity schedules. Recently, we have upgraded the ADAPTS activity-based model to account for planning and scheduling of both in-home and out-of-home activities. This paper aims to enhance the in-home activity planning module by modelling the type and duration of the in-home activities in a joint structure. To achieve this goal, using the American Time Use Survey data, we estimate joint discrete-continuous models, in which activity type and activity duration are estimated by a multinomial logit and a log-linear regression model, respectively. The joint structure of these two models is established using copula approach that captures the unobserved shared factors affecting the two activity attributes. The results indicate that the estimated joint models significantly outperform the independent models in terms of goodness-of-fit and prediction accuracy.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 236-254
Issue: 2
Volume: 22
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2017.1313707
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2017.1313707
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:22:y:2018:i:2:p:236-254




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Seyedmostafa Zahedi
Author-X-Name-First: Seyedmostafa
Author-X-Name-Last: Zahedi
Author-Name: Yousef Shafahi
Author-X-Name-First: Yousef
Author-X-Name-Last: Shafahi
Title: Estimating activity patterns using spatio-temporal data of cell phone networks
Abstract: 
 The tendency towards using activity-based models to predict trip demand has increased dramatically over recent years. However, these models have suffered from insufficient data for calibration, and the intrinsic problems of traditional methods impose the need to search for better alternatives. This paper discusses ways to process cell phone spatio-temporal data in a manner that makes it comprehensible for traffic interpretations and proposes methods on how to infer urban mobility and activity patterns from the aforementioned data. The movements of each subscriber are described by a sequence of stops and trips, and each stop is labelled by an activity. The types of activities are estimated using features such as duration of stop, frequency of visit, arrival time to that activity and its departure time. Finally, the chains of the trips are identified, and different patterns that citizens follow to participate in activities are determined. These methods have been implemented on a dataset that consists of 144 million records of the cell phone locations of 300,000 citizens of Shiraz at five-minute intervals.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 162-179
Issue: 2
Volume: 22
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2017.1331139
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2017.1331139
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:22:y:2018:i:2:p:162-179




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ying Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Ying
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Author-Name: Hani S. Mahmassani
Author-X-Name-First: Hani S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Mahmassani
Author-Name: Andreas Frei
Author-X-Name-First: Andreas
Author-X-Name-Last: Frei
Title: Incorporating social media in travel and activity choice models: conceptual framework and exploratory analysis
Abstract: 
 Location-based social networking data provide an important new dimension in understanding travel choice behaviour, providing high levels of location and time accuracy over long time frames in conjunction with explicit friendship network information. Such data allow examination of location choice dynamics and social networking aspects explicitly. This paper presents an exploration of social network based dynamics of choice set generation in the context of activity and travel choice behaviour, especially destination choice. Using data from an online location-based social network, the paper explores the spatiality of destinations and social network influence on travellers’ destination choice in the Chicago metropolitan area. The results show that social relationships play a role in travellers’ destination choices and that distance plays a strong role in social networks as in location choice. Connectivity through social network structure is examined jointly with individuals’ spatial activity engagement; the number of virtual friends is found to significantly influence actual physical travel behaviour. Finally, caveats in using social networking data for behaviour analysis and planning are discussed.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 180-200
Issue: 2
Volume: 22
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2017.1331749
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2017.1331749
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:22:y:2018:i:2:p:180-200




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Benedetta Sanjust di Teulada
Author-X-Name-First: Benedetta
Author-X-Name-Last: Sanjust di Teulada
Author-Name: Italo Meloni
Author-X-Name-First: Italo
Author-X-Name-Last: Meloni
Author-Name: Erika Spissu
Author-X-Name-First: Erika
Author-X-Name-Last: Spissu
Title: The influence of activity-travel patterns on the success of VTBC
Abstract: 
 The objective of this work is to verify how the complexity of activity-travel patterns may influence the propensity to change travel behaviour in the context of a Voluntary Travel Behaviour Change (VTBC) programme. Data used in this work was drawn from a VTBC programme implemented in Cagliari, Italy between 2011 and 2012, for promoting the use of an underutilised Light Rail service (LR). A descriptive comparative analysis of activity–travel patterns recorded before and after the delivery of a personalised travel plan was reported. In addition to the descriptive analysis, a panel Probit model is proposed to further understand the influence of complex trip-chaining behaviours on the propensity to change travel behaviours. The results indicate that when individuals are presented with a convenient transport alternative that allows them to flexibly chain their activities, the propensity to use a sustainable mode of transport increases.Abbreviations: ABA: activity – based analysis; AW: after work tour; BW: before work tour; CMS: casteddu mobility styles; CW: complex working day; HWC: home to work commute tour; LR: light rail; NHB: non home based tour; NNW: non work tour; NW: non working day; P&amp;R: park and rider; PP&amp;R: prospective park and rider; PTP: personalised travel plan; SW: simple working day; VTBC: voluntary travel behaviour change; WB: work based tour
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 255-276
Issue: 2
Volume: 22
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2017.1332527
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2017.1332527
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:22:y:2018:i:2:p:255-276




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Remy Cazabet
Author-X-Name-First: Remy
Author-X-Name-Last: Cazabet
Author-Name: Pablo Jensen
Author-X-Name-First: Pablo
Author-X-Name-Last: Jensen
Author-Name: Pierre Borgnat
Author-X-Name-First: Pierre
Author-X-Name-Last: Borgnat
Title: Tracking the evolution of temporal patterns of usage in bicycle-Sharing systems using nonnegative matrix factorization on multiple sliding windows
Abstract: 
 Bicycle-Sharing Systems (BSS) are growing quickly in popularity all over the world. In this article, we propose a method based on Nonnegative Matrix Factorization to study the typical temporal patterns of usage of the BSS of Lyon, France, by studying logs of rentals. First, we show how this approach allows us to understand the spatial and temporal usage of the system. Second, we show how we can track the evolution of these temporal patterns over several years, and how this information can be used to better understand the BSS, but also changes in the city itself, by considering the stations as social sensors.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 147-161
Issue: 2
Volume: 22
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2017.1336468
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2017.1336468
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:22:y:2018:i:2:p:147-161




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jangik Jin
Author-X-Name-First: Jangik
Author-X-Name-Last: Jin
Author-Name: Hee-Yeon Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Hee-Yeon
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Title: Understanding residential location choices: an application of the UrbanSim residential location model on Suwon, Korea
Abstract: 
 The residential location choice model is an effective tool to analyze the actual household demand for housing and better living environments, and many researchers have developed various residential location choice models. In this study, a residential location choice model using a discrete choice modelling framework within UrbanSim is applied to Suwon, Korea with the following aims: (1) to investigate factors affecting residential location choice in Suwon, (2) to forecast changes in household residential locations, and (3) to derive policy implications for the local housing market. An extensive database of parcels, households, jobs, land prices, and transportation networks is geocoded on the basis of grid cells that measure 150 × 150 metres. The estimation results show that access to employment opportunities, the ratio of housing cost to income, mixed land use, and the year that housing was built are important factors in determining household residential locations in Suwon. In addition, different age and income groups have different residential location preferences. UrbanSim, a highly disaggregated microsimulation model, is employed to forecast changes in household residential locations using the estimation results of the residential location choice model. These suggest that different income groups show different migration patterns.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 216-235
Issue: 2
Volume: 22
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2017.1336469
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2017.1336469
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:22:y:2018:i:2:p:216-235




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sigrun Beige
Author-X-Name-First: Sigrun
Author-X-Name-Last: Beige
Author-Name: Matthias Heinrichs
Author-X-Name-First: Matthias
Author-X-Name-Last: Heinrichs
Author-Name: Daniel Krajzewicz
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel
Author-X-Name-Last: Krajzewicz
Author-Name: Rita Cyganski
Author-X-Name-First: Rita
Author-X-Name-Last: Cyganski
Title: Who gets the key first? Car allocation in activity-based modelling
Abstract: 
 Decisions concerning household car ownership and the corresponding usage by the household members have significant implications on vehicle usage, fuel consumption and vehicle emissions. In this context, long-term and short-term choices which are strongly interrelated with one another play an important role. The long-term aspects involve the number of vehicles and their different types owned by a household as well as the assignment of a main driver, acting as the primary user, to each vehicle. The short-term dimension is represented by the vehicle allocation within a household at a daily level. In order to better understand the vehicle allocation process in the household context, the paper at hand investigates the importance of the short-term and long-term aspects in this process and explores several approaches to model them. For this purpose, four different methods for car allocation within a household, which strongly differ in their complexity, are implemented into a microscopic agent-based travel demand model and subsequently evaluated. The respective approaches are the following: (1) random car allocation, (2) car allocation by age, (3) car allocation by main driver assignment, and (4) car allocation by household optimization. Given a population of a bigger region that is described by a set of attributes, these various models determine which person of a household uses one of the available cars within the household for his/her daily trips. The simulations show that all four implementations of car allocation result in good representations (with deviations of less than 10%) of observed travel behaviour, their results being closer to each other than initially expected. Model (4), which optimizes car allocation for the entire household, shows the best results when compared to real-world data, while model (3) allows for the adaptation of changes in car ownership and/or socio-demographic and socio-economic attributes of the population.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 201-215
Issue: 2
Volume: 22
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2017.1351389
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2017.1351389
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:22:y:2018:i:2:p:201-215




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tom Bellemans
Author-X-Name-First: Tom
Author-X-Name-Last: Bellemans
Author-Name: Davy Janssens
Author-X-Name-First: Davy
Author-X-Name-Last: Janssens
Title: Special issue of the international journal of urban sciences on ‘activity-based modeling in urban sciences’
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 145-146
Issue: 2
Volume: 22
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2018.1473017
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2018.1473017
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:22:y:2018:i:2:p:145-146




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Koohong Chung
Author-X-Name-First: Koohong
Author-X-Name-Last: Chung
Author-Name: David Ragland
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Ragland
Title: Discussion of theoretical and practical challenges in developing high collision concentration location detection procedures
Abstract: 
 The resource allocation for conducting site investigation and implementation of safety countermeasures is determined based the results of high collision concentration location (HCCL) detection procedures. HCCL detection plays a vital role in prioritizing how government agencies utilize limited resources to improve the safety of the roadway system. However, there exists no universally accepted, specific method of detecting HCCL, and the resulting HCCL list can differ markedly depending on which HCCL procedures were employed to evaluate the traffic collision data. The objective of this literature review paper is to discuss both theoretical and practical challenges in developing HCCL procedures and their potential adverse effects. This paper also discusses how some of the challenges can be addressed with findings from recent studies.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 1-15
Issue: 1
Volume: 23
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2018.1482777
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2018.1482777
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:23:y:2019:i:1:p:1-15




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dohyung Kim
Author-X-Name-First: Dohyung
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim
Title: Transportation contributing factors to asthma morbidity: the case of Los Angeles County
Abstract: 
 This paper aims to examine a variety of transportation contributing factors to asthma morbidity by employing spatial regression analysis. By controlling the socio-demographic factors of asthma in Los Angeles County, the outputs from the analyses reveal that automobile traffic, major roads, automobile speed and bus transit negatively influence asthma. However, the analyses also found that bicycle facilities made a positive contribution towards it. The outputs imply that the collaboration of multi- level governments and transportation agencies need to develop policies that mitigate air quality.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 16-29
Issue: 1
Volume: 23
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2018.1500493
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2018.1500493
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:23:y:2019:i:1:p:16-29




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Subasish Das
Author-X-Name-First: Subasish
Author-X-Name-Last: Das
Author-Name: Anandi Dutta
Author-X-Name-First: Anandi
Author-X-Name-Last: Dutta
Author-Name: Raul Avelar
Author-X-Name-First: Raul
Author-X-Name-Last: Avelar
Author-Name: Karen Dixon
Author-X-Name-First: Karen
Author-X-Name-Last: Dixon
Author-Name: Xiaoduan Sun
Author-X-Name-First: Xiaoduan
Author-X-Name-Last: Sun
Author-Name: Mohammad Jalayer
Author-X-Name-First: Mohammad
Author-X-Name-Last: Jalayer
Title: Supervised association rules mining on pedestrian crashes in urban areas: identifying patterns for appropriate countermeasures
Abstract: 
 In 2011, 4,432 pedestrians were killed (14% of total traffic crash fatalities), and 69,000 pedestrians were injured in vehicle-pedestrian crashes in the United States. Particularly in Louisiana, vehicle-pedestrian crashes have become a key concern because of the high percentage of fatalities in recent years. In 2012, pedestrians were accounted for 17% of all fatalities due to traffic crashes in Louisiana. Alcohol was involved in nearly 44% of these fatalities. This research utilized &#x2018;a priori&#x2019; algorithm of supervised association mining technique to discover patterns from the vehicle-pedestrian crash database. By using association rules mining, this study aims to discover vehicle-pedestrian crash patterns using eight years of Louisiana crash data (2004&#x2013;2011). The results indicated that roadway lighting at night helped in alleviating pedestrian crash severity. In addition, a few groups of interest were identified from this study: male pedestrians&#x2019; greater propensity towards severe and fatal crashes, younger female drivers (15&#x2013;24) being more crash-prone than other age groups, vulnerable impaired pedestrians even on roadways with lighting at night, middle-aged male pedestrians (35&#x2013;54) being inclined towards crash occurrence, and dominance of single vehicle crashes. Based on the recognized patterns, this study recommends several countermeasures to alleviate the safety concerns. The findings of this study will help traffic safety professionals in understanding significant patterns and relevant countermeasures to raise awareness and improvements for the potential decrease of pedestrian crashes.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 30-48
Issue: 1
Volume: 23
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2018.1431146
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2018.1431146
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Steven R. Gehrke
Author-X-Name-First: Steven R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Gehrke
Author-Name: Kristina M. Currans
Author-X-Name-First: Kristina M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Currans
Author-Name: Kelly J. Clifton
Author-X-Name-First: Kelly J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Clifton
Title: Assessing the importance of housing, accessibility, and transportation characteristics on stated neighbourhood preference
Abstract: 
 Beyond socioeconomic circumstance, residential location decisions are also predicated on many housing, transportation, and accessibility characteristics. Consequently, greater insight is needed on how these myriad characteristics are valued by individuals and connected to their neighbourhood preference to inform planners and decision makers concerned with urban growth patterns. Unfortunately, forecasting methods commonly lack the specificity needed to recognize how residential environment preferences influence future housing, land use, and transportation decisions. Often, these policy instruments rely exclusively on a set of observed socioeconomic characteristics to measure heterogeneity in revealed location decisions. Using stated preference data collected in Portland, Oregon, this study employed structural equation modelling techniques to examine the influence of these socioeconomic measures and latent constructs of rated single-family dwelling and non-automotive access importance on stated neighbourhood preference. Our study's findings suggest the importance placed on certain bundles of housing, transportation, and accessibility attributes, and not socioeconomic circumstance, directly affected neighbourhood preference.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 49-66
Issue: 1
Volume: 23
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2018.1436983
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2018.1436983
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:23:y:2019:i:1:p:49-66




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ana Paula Barreira
Author-X-Name-First: Ana Paula
Author-X-Name-Last: Barreira
Author-Name: Lu&#xED;s Catela Nunes
Author-X-Name-First: Lu&#xED;s Catela
Author-X-Name-Last: Nunes
Author-Name: Maria Helena Guimar&#xE3;es
Author-X-Name-First: Maria Helena
Author-X-Name-Last: Guimar&#xE3;es
Author-Name: Thomas Panagopoulos
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas
Author-X-Name-Last: Panagopoulos
Title: Satisfied but thinking about leaving: the reasons behind residential satisfaction and residential attractiveness in shrinking Portuguese cities
Abstract: 
 Creating liveable cities is a policy priority, especially for cities that are experiencing population loss. A decline in the number of inhabitants is commonly associated with low levels of residential satisfaction. However, such a supposition does not often find empirical support in shrinking cities. In the present study, we identify variables that influence the level of residential satisfaction, as well as those influencing residential attraction (captured by the intention of current residents to leave their city in the near future). The study is based on a face-to-face questionnaire administered to 701 residents in four shrinking Portuguese cities. As expected, lower levels of residential satisfaction lead to an increased intention to leave the city. The results also show that the variables explaining residential satisfaction mostly differ from those explaining residential attractiveness. The specific characteristics of each city influence citizens&#x2019; assessment of residential satisfaction, but the variables impacting residential attractiveness are universal.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 67-87
Issue: 1
Volume: 23
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2018.1447390
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2018.1447390
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:23:y:2019:i:1:p:67-87




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joseph S. DeSalvo
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph S.
Author-X-Name-Last: DeSalvo
Author-Name: Qing Su
Author-X-Name-First: Qing
Author-X-Name-Last: Su
Title: The determinants of urban sprawl: theory and estimation
Abstract: 
 We argue that a well-articulated theory, by which we mean a set of structural equations equal in number to the endogenous variables and from which testable hypotheses may be drawn, should be the basis for any effort to estimate the determinants of urban sprawl. Without such a theory, it is not possible to know why a particular determinant &#x2018;works&#x2019; to explain a particular definition of urban sprawl, nor is it possible to know whether any particular policy to combat sprawl, however defined, will be successful in achieving that objective without also creating other, possibly adverse, effects. To illustrate our argument, we contrast Burchfield, et al. [2006. Causes of sprawl: A portrait from space. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 121, 587&#x2013;633], which is not based on a well-articulated theory, with the urban monocentric model [Brueckner, 1987. The structure of urban equilibrium: A unified treatment of the Muth-Mills model. In E. S. Mills (Ed.), Handbook of regional and urban economics, Vol. II, &#x201C;urban economics&#x201D; (pp. 821&#x2013;845). Amsterdam: Elsevier], which is a well-articulated theory.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 88-104
Issue: 1
Volume: 23
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2018.1452627
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2018.1452627
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:23:y:2019:i:1:p:88-104




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Swasti Vardhan Mishra
Author-X-Name-First: Swasti Vardhan
Author-X-Name-Last: Mishra
Title: Dispossession by appropriation in a global south city: geography, cartography and statutory regime as mediating factors
Abstract: 
 Slum and land have a dialectical relationship. A land that is a slum embodies a filthy and dirty territory that hinders the aesthetic competitiveness of a global city. On the other hand, a slum as a land opens opportunities for multiple uses that promise resurrection of world-class ambition. However, in a situation of tight regulation, informal habitations are often could not be forcefully evicted for this dream to come true. In such an event more conciliatory, yet shrewd, practices are adopted to appropriate land from the informally residing community. A number of tools ply to get the work done, among which geography, cartography, and manipulation of statutory laws are more prominent. Taking Kolkata as a case, I wish to situate ongoing appropriation of central urban land as mediated by these three factors. In Kolkata, while forceful evictions take place on informally occupied land both at the fringe and the central part of the city with vague statutory laws, in the tightly regulated central part of the city, appropriation replaces expropriation, accompanied by a more regular invocation of slum in policy and governmental discourses. The study adds to the dispossession literature by underscoring the role of mediating factors in appropriating the central urban land that could not be coercively expropriated, yet needed for claiming a slot in the world-class city register.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 105-121
Issue: 1
Volume: 23
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2018.1443397
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2018.1443397
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:23:y:2019:i:1:p:105-121




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Farah Diyanah Ismail
Author-X-Name-First: Farah Diyanah
Author-X-Name-Last: Ismail
Author-Name: Abdul Azeez Kadar Hamsa
Author-X-Name-First: Abdul Azeez
Author-X-Name-Last: Kadar Hamsa
Author-Name: Mohd Zin Mohamed
Author-X-Name-First: Mohd Zin
Author-X-Name-Last: Mohamed
Title: Modelling the effects of factors on the stated preference towards telecommuting in IIUM campus, Gombak
Abstract: 
 The increase in number of private vehicles has not only taken place in central cities, but has also occurred in university campuses. High use of private vehicles by IIUM community is posing a strain on the ability of the existing road to cope with the increasing traffic volume and parking demand within the campus. Telecommuting is one of the Transportation Demand Management (TDM) measures that aimed at reducing peak hour traffic congestion by allowing commuters to work from home to save their driving time to work, and more importantly to eliminate some vehicle trips. The main objective of this paper is to estimate the effects of the factors on the choice of telecommuting. Three hundred respondents participated in this study through survey questionnaire, which has resulted in a response rate of 67.11%. Findings indicate that 29% and 19.2% of the academic and administrative staff preferred to telecommute, if they were given the option. Multinomial logistic regression was conducted to estimate the effects of socio-economic, trip and work related factors on the preference to telecommute. Parameter estimates on the administrative employees&#x2019; preference to telecommute indicate that number of young children, frequency of face-to-face communication and frequency of using email were significant factors in predicting whether an individual is more inclined to choose &#x2018;definitely yes&#x2019; towards performing telecommuting as compared to &#x2018;not at all&#x2019;. As for academic employees, delay time (home-workplace), frequency of face-to-face communication, frequency of using fax machine, frequency of using email and frequency of using mobile network were significant predictors for the preference of &#x2018;definitely yes&#x2019; towards telecommuting as compared to &#x2018;not at all&#x2019;.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 122-147
Issue: 1
Volume: 23
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2018.1446352
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2018.1446352
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:23:y:2019:i:1:p:122-147




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhihua Zhou
Author-X-Name-First: Zhihua
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhou
Title: Bridging theory and practice: participatory planning in China
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 334-348
Issue: 3
Volume: 22
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2017.1342558
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2017.1342558
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:22:y:2018:i:3:p:334-348




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sugie Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Sugie
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Author-Name: Chisun Yoo
Author-X-Name-First: Chisun
Author-X-Name-Last: Yoo
Author-Name: Jaehyun Ha
Author-X-Name-First: Jaehyun
Author-X-Name-Last: Ha
Author-Name: Jeemin Seo
Author-X-Name-First: Jeemin
Author-X-Name-Last: Seo
Title: Are perceived neighbourhood built environments associated with social capital? Evidence from the 2012 Seoul survey in South Korea
Abstract: 
 This study examined the association between the perceived neighbourhood built environment and social capital in Seoul, South Korea, using the Seoul 2012 survey data collected by the Seoul city government. The survey polled 49,758 Seoul citizens from 20,000 households about their demographic and socioeconomic status, living environment, housing, and social environment. Multilevel regression models were used to analyze the relationships between the perceived neighbourhood built environment factors and three elements of social capital: trust, network, and participation. First, the analyses showed that statistically significant relationships existed between the perceived neighbourhood built environment and social capital. Second, social trust and social network showed significant positive relationships with most of the perceived neighbourhood built environment variables. This finding indicates that a walkable and safe community environment was a strong indicator of a high level of social trust and social network. In contrast, volunteer participation showed a different association with walkability and safety from crime. Finally, housing characteristics such as housing type showed statistically significant associations with the perceived built environmental variables. In particular, residents dwelling in high-density apartments showed a lower level of social trust and higher levels of social network and social participation than those in single-family housing.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 349-365
Issue: 3
Volume: 22
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2017.1396909
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2017.1396909
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:22:y:2018:i:3:p:349-365




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Amr Ah. Gouda
Author-X-Name-First: Amr Ah.
Author-X-Name-Last: Gouda
Author-Name: Houshmand E. Masoumi
Author-X-Name-First: Houshmand E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Masoumi
Title: Certifications systems as independent and rigorous tools for assessing urban sustainability
Abstract: 
 Urban sustainability certification (USC) systems are witnessing a wide dissemination and some are used as globally relevant tools. In addition, USCs are being marketed as independent tools capable of assessing sustainability not only comprehensively but also using rigorous measures. The comprehensiveness and rigour of their assessment rest on a combination of simple criteria (directly prescribing indicators with quantitative/qualitative measures) and nested ones (hosting other references for sustainable planning (RsSP)) prescribed within each USC. However, such scope seems over-ambitious due to the complexity of urban sustainability and its contextual sensitivity. Accordingly, this study aims to delve in USCs and examine their rigour and independence. The study begins by analyzing the concepts of street connectivity and compactness in LEED-ND (the most rigorous USC) because both are prominent concepts and have a number of earmarked criteria with simple structure. Then, criteria with nested structure and their RsSP found in four USCs are collected and analyzed in terms of frequencies, weights, and geographic domains. This analysis aims to uncover how dependent USCs are on other RsSP and how compatible are the geographic domains of both. The results refute the rigour of LEED-ND's assessment in terms of compactness and connectivity because the prescribed measures are insufficient to assess the different variables of both concepts. Moreover, USCs are highly dependent on local RsSP (only relevant to USC's country of origin), which disagrees with their characterization as independent or international tools.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 308-321
Issue: 3
Volume: 22
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2017.1398103
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2017.1398103
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:22:y:2018:i:3:p:308-321




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Khaled Shaaban
Author-X-Name-First: Khaled
Author-X-Name-Last: Shaaban
Author-Name: Deepti Muley
Author-X-Name-First: Deepti
Author-X-Name-Last: Muley
Author-Name: Dina Elnashar
Author-X-Name-First: Dina
Author-X-Name-Last: Elnashar
Title: Evaluating the effect of seasonal variations on walking behaviour in a hot weather country using logistic regression
Abstract: 
 The city of Doha, Qatar experiences a hot and arid weather throughout the year. This study investigates the effect of season, type of day, and time of day on the walking behaviour of pedestrians in these conditions using logistic regression. The study uses data obtained from observational surveys conducted at a densely populated mixed-use neighbourhood located in the heart of the city. The results showed the walking activity is much less during hot weather. The results of the logistic regression analysis suggested that the pedestrians from other nationalities living in Qatar had much higher odds of walking compared to the Qatari nationals. Furthermore, men had almost double the odds of walking compared to females. The choice of the time of day model indicated that a pedestrian has more than twice the odds of walking in the evening time compared to the morning and afternoon times. The results can help policy makers and public agencies to develop programmes to promote the walking culture in this region.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 382-391
Issue: 3
Volume: 22
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2017.1403363
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2017.1403363
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:22:y:2018:i:3:p:382-391




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kartikeya Jha
Author-X-Name-First: Kartikeya
Author-X-Name-Last: Jha
Author-Name: John P. Wikander
Author-X-Name-First: John P.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wikander
Author-Name: William L. Eisele
Author-X-Name-First: William L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Eisele
Author-Name: Mark W. Burris
Author-X-Name-First: Mark W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Burris
Author-Name: David L. Schrank
Author-X-Name-First: David L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Schrank
Title: Estimating freeway route travel time reliability from data on component links and associated cost implications
Abstract: 
 Typically, data on travel time (speed) and traffic volume are collected for relatively short homogenous links of a roadway (e.g. every ½ to 2 miles or 0.8–3.2 km) and not for particular routes from origins to destinations. To accurately estimate a traveller’s trip, there is a need to build information on an entire route from data collected at the link level. Because it can be resource-intensive to define specific routes for the entire network of interest, route reliability performance measures are sometimes estimated using a vehicle-miles of travel (VMT)-weighted average of performance indices from links.In performance measurement, travel time index (TTI) is the ratio of average travel time and free-flow travel time while planning time index (PTI) is the ratio of 95th percentile travel time and free-flow travel time. TTI is considered a mobility measure while PTI reflects system reliability. Using indices based on free-flow (uncongested) travel time, this study finds that the VMT-weighting of link indices to get the corresponding route index gives reasonable results for the travel time index (TTI). However, this approach overestimates the planning time index (PTI). This highlights the statistical insufficiency of estimating route PTI values from link PTI values weighted by VMT. It points to the subsequent need to incorporate factors for dispersion and skewness characteristics of travel time distributions on constituent links. This paper introduces a promising method to estimate freeway route reliability considering these dispersion and skewness properties.For statewide Virginia Interstates considered here, economic analyses based on the value of travel time demonstrate that incorrect travel time reliability estimates result in upwards of 200% higher user costs. Researchers anticipate that the information documented in this paper will be useful for those conducting performance monitoring activities to estimate route reliability with limited resources when only link data are available.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 414-430
Issue: 3
Volume: 22
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2017.1403364
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2017.1403364
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:22:y:2018:i:3:p:414-430




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: James Yoo
Author-X-Name-First: James
Author-X-Name-Last: Yoo
Author-Name: Julianna Browning
Author-X-Name-First: Julianna
Author-X-Name-Last: Browning
Author-Name: Kenneth Minesinger
Author-X-Name-First: Kenneth
Author-X-Name-Last: Minesinger
Title: Open space premium near commercial zones – a case study in the City of Corona, California
Abstract: 
 The study estimates the economic impact of urban open space on residential properties in the city of Corona, California. Using 4243 non-arms-length transactions and a spatial error model (SEM) hedonic model, we estimate the mean marginal willingness-to-pay (MWTP) for increasing the area of urban open space by 10% within 100 m buffer of residential properties. The results show that urban open space adds value to homes. In addition, we discover that the impacts of open space vary with the distance to the nearest commercial areas. The mean MWTP for open space appears to increase when properties are located closer to commercial zones.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 322-333
Issue: 3
Volume: 22
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2017.1407252
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2017.1407252
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:22:y:2018:i:3:p:322-333




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marek Smid
Author-X-Name-First: Marek
Author-X-Name-Last: Smid
Author-Name: Ana Cristina Costa
Author-X-Name-First: Ana Cristina
Author-X-Name-Last: Costa
Title: Climate projections and downscaling techniques: a discussion for impact studies in urban systems
Abstract: 
 Urban systems are not only major drivers of climate change but also the impact hotspots. In the context of the planet currently undergoing a process of greenhouse warming, and simultaneously predominantly urban based ever continuing population growth, our agglomerations became vulnerable to chain reactions triggered by climate related hazards. Hence, the reliable and cost-effective assessment of future impact is of high importance. While the climate community has invested significant effort to provide downscaling techniques yielding localized information on future climate extreme behaviours, these methods do not remain widely exploited in the process of urban planning. In this work, we discuss the underlying reasons and main challenges of the applicability of downscaling procedures in the real process of urban planning. This paper attempts to help bridge the gap between the communities of urban planners and climatology. In the beginning, we summarize the rationale for such cooperation, supporting the argument that the scale represents an important linkage between urbanistic and climate science in the process of designing an urban space. Secondly, we introduce the main families of downscaling techniques and their application on climate projections, also providing the references to profound studies in the field. Thirdly, special attention is given to previous works focused on the utilization of downscaled ensembles of climate simulations in urban agglomerations. Finally, we identify three major challenges of the wider utilization of climate projections and downscaling techniques, namely: (i) the scale mismatch between data needs and data availability, (ii) the terminology, and (iii) the IT bottleneck. The practical implications of these issues are discussed in the context of urban studies.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 277-307
Issue: 3
Volume: 22
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2017.1409132
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2017.1409132
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:22:y:2018:i:3:p:277-307




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lin Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Lin
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: S. C. Wirasinghe
Author-X-Name-First: S. C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wirasinghe
Author-Name: Lina Kattan
Author-X-Name-First: Lina
Author-X-Name-Last: Kattan
Author-Name: Saeid Saidi
Author-X-Name-First: Saeid
Author-X-Name-Last: Saidi
Title: Optimization of demand-responsive transit systems using zonal strategy
Abstract: 
 A mathematical model was developed and applied to optimize many to one demand-responsive transit (DRT) systems using a zonal strategy. Such a DRT system provides service between a residential area and a terminal. The model is used to design the transit system, with its terminal sitting within the service area, by minimizing costs that are separately generated in service zones. The decision variables are area of service zone and bus headway. Also stepwise procedures are derived to geographically and sequentially divide the service area into a number of service zones with optimal areas. A case study is conducted for a presumptive demand-responsive transit system operating in northwest Calgary, showing that the model can successfully assist in designing demand-responsive transit systems.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 366-381
Issue: 3
Volume: 22
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2018.1431144
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2018.1431144
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:22:y:2018:i:3:p:366-381




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Erick Calvo
Author-X-Name-First: Erick
Author-X-Name-Last: Calvo
Author-Name: Mario Ferrer
Author-X-Name-First: Mario
Author-X-Name-Last: Ferrer
Title: Evaluating the quality of the service offered by a bus rapid transit system: the case of Transmetro BRT system in Barranquilla, Colombia
Abstract: 
 The purpose of this research is to evaluate the quality of service offered by the BRT (Bus Rapid Transit) System in the City of Barranquilla, Colombia. A model is designed and tested to explore critical quality factors that stakeholders consider important to predict passenger satisfaction with the service. The study aims at identifying the quality factors that could help to improving the existing transportation service-related research in emerging economies such as Colombia (a country where the growth of the mass transportation sector is expected following significant investments made by the government). This research shows that the four independent variables – information availability, safety on buses, ergonomics, and system accessibility have a positive and significant predictive power of the quality of the service.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 392-413
Issue: 3
Volume: 22
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2018.1433056
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2018.1433056
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:22:y:2018:i:3:p:392-413




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jiyeong Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Jiyeong
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Author-Name: Hyung-Sup Jung
Author-X-Name-First: Hyung-Sup
Author-X-Name-Last: Jung
Author-Name: Sisi Zlatanoya
Author-X-Name-First: Sisi
Author-X-Name-Last: Zlatanoya
Author-Name: Biswajeet Pradhan
Author-X-Name-First: Biswajeet
Author-X-Name-Last: Pradhan
Title: Editorial
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 301-302
Issue: 3
Volume: 23
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2019.1661575
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2019.1661575
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:23:y:2019:i:3:p:301-302




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Seokchan Kang
Author-X-Name-First: Seokchan
Author-X-Name-Last: Kang
Author-Name: Jiyeong Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Jiyeong
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Title: Improving rendering speed of 3D geospatial data based on HTML5/WebGL using improved arithmetic operation speed
Abstract: 
 The plug-in must be installed in the web environment to enable 3D spatial data service. Increasingly, these plug-ins are unused owing to installation errors, unsupported cross-browser compatibility, and security vulnerabilities. Specifically, in 2015, the NPAPI service was terminated and is now running only on applications based on Internet Explorer. In response, HTML5/WebGL (next-generation Web standard, confirmed in October 2014) technology has emerged. WebGL has been able to display 3D spatial data without any plug-in in any browser. In this study, we attempted to identify the necessary technologies and limitations for 3D spatial data display using HTML5/WebGL and suggested ways to improve the display speed. We used Emscripten technology to improve the speed of arithmetic operations. To conduct an experimental implementation on the proposed method, we used the 3D data provided by ‘Spatial Information Open Platform (VWorld)’ in Korea and analyzed the display speed of 3D spatial data in terms of frames per second and rendering time.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 303-317
Issue: 3
Volume: 23
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2018.1476175
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2018.1476175
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:23:y:2019:i:3:p:303-317




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: E. G. Macatulad
Author-X-Name-First: E. G.
Author-X-Name-Last: Macatulad
Author-Name: A. C. Blanco
Author-X-Name-First: A. C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Blanco
Title: A 3DGIS multi-agent geo-simulation model for assessment of building evacuation scenarios considering urgency and knowledge of exits
Abstract: 
 A three-dimensional geographic information system (3DGIS)-based multi-agent geo-simulation model was developed using the GAMA simulation platform integrating 3D GIS layers and agent-based modelling for evacuation scenario modelling. The prototype model developed was used to generate building evacuation scenarios in order to perform a preliminary assessment of the effects of panic on the egress of building occupants, represented in the model as urgency (increased evacuation speed) and knowledge of exits. In the model, 3DGIS layers of the case study building were used as inputs to model the simulation agents referred to as ‘species’. PEOPLE species represents the building occupants evacuating to their target EXIT_POINTS along the INDOOR_PATHS. Their movement is affected by the chance of panic (CoP) and the chance of knowledge of exit (CoKE) parameters. CoP sets the number of PEOPLE agents ‘panicking’, which would be assigned with movement at 1.5 times the default speed. On the other hand, CoKE conditionally sets the target EXIT_POINT to either the designated exit attribute of the ROOMS where the PEOPLE species is located or to a random exit. Speed of movement along the INDOOR_PATHS is also affected according to path weights which are proportional to the number of PEOPLE species on the same path. Different simulation runs were performed, varying the CoP and CoKE. In general, knowledge of exit only reduced the total egress time slightly, but within the egress period, more people were able to exit quickly with increased knowledge of exit. Shorter egress time can be achieved with a random selection of exits and low CoP. However, as the number of occupants panicking increased, total egress time would eventually increase. The simulation illustrated the limitations of designating exits based on the shortest route only and indicate that knowledge of the volume of evacuating people along the indoor paths is beneficial for improving egress.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 318-334
Issue: 3
Volume: 23
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2018.1549505
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2018.1549505
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:23:y:2019:i:3:p:318-334




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Monghyeon Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Monghyeon
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Author-Name: Yongwan Chun
Author-X-Name-First: Yongwan
Author-X-Name-Last: Chun
Author-Name: Daniel A. Griffith
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Griffith
Title: An evaluation of kernel smoothing to protect the confidentiality of individual locations
Abstract: 
 With advances in spatial data management technologies, accurate geographic information about individual patients increasingly has become available. Researchers should protect the privacy of patients, which includes their locational information, in public health data analyses. Protecting privacy involves a trade-off between information loss and disclosure risk. Estimation of a kernel density surface commonly has been used to mask confidential point locations. However, the literature lacks an extensive discussion of reverse transformations from a kernel density estimation surface to points, and evaluations of recovered points compared to their original point counterparts. This paper presents a method to recover relatively precise point locations from a kernel density estimation surface using geometric centres of clusters, and evaluates recovered points in terms of protecting locational privacy and maintaining locational accuracy. An application illustrates this method utilizing late-stage colorectal cancer points in the Pensacola metropolitan statistical area, Florida that examines various kernel density estimation surfaces with different bandwidths and cell sizes.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 335-351
Issue: 3
Volume: 23
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2018.1482778
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2018.1482778
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:23:y:2019:i:3:p:335-351




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Moongie Kim
Author-X-Name-First: Moongie
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim
Author-Name: Insun Gwak
Author-X-Name-First: Insun
Author-X-Name-Last: Gwak
Author-Name: Junehwan Koh
Author-X-Name-First: Junehwan
Author-X-Name-Last: Koh
Title: The strategies of advanced local spatial data infrastructure for Seoul Metropolitan Government
Abstract: 
 The LSDI (Local Spatial Data Infrastructure) of SMG (Seoul Metropolitan Government) began from 1996 and it entered the phase 5 in 2017. So far, the LSDI of SMG has been established by the influence of the NSDI (National Spatial Data Infrastructure) of the MOLIT (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport), which is a ministry of the central government and the ICT (Information & Communication Technology) plan of SMG. SMG is on the way of transforming to a smart city and IT (Information Technology) and services such as Network, Wi-Fi and Big data are in the world class. Even though the ICT infrastructure is excellent, the maturity of the LSDI of SMG is relatively insufficient. The aim of this study is to develop a strategy of advanced LSDI phase 5 of SMG. More strategic approach is required for the long term success and sustainability of the LSDI. For this purpose, with theoretical background of the LSDI, this study reviewed the cases of the USA and Germany on the LSDI assessment and the cost benefit analysis were reviewed. It was followed by the examination of the characteristics of the US local government where the LSDI developed the most, and York of Canada, a winner region of URISA (Urban and Regional Information Systems Association)’s ESIG (Exemplary Systems in Government). This study reviewed the development history, budget, laws and regulations and imminent issues of the LSDI of SMG. With the above cases and analysis, the study proposed 5 strategies for advanced LSDI of SMG which are human resources, organization, cost benefit analysis of the LSDI, governance and systematic LSDI plan development.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 352-368
Issue: 3
Volume: 23
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2018.1458639
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2018.1458639
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:23:y:2019:i:3:p:352-368




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: B. R. Staats
Author-X-Name-First: B. R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Staats
Author-Name: A. A. Diakité
Author-X-Name-First: A. A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Diakité
Author-Name: R. L. Voûte
Author-X-Name-First: R. L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Voûte
Author-Name: S. Zlatanova
Author-X-Name-First: S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Zlatanova
Title: Detection of doors in a voxel model, derived from a point cloud and its scanner trajectory, to improve the segmentation of the walkable space
Abstract: 
 Generation of indoor networks for navigation will normally be done out of standard floor plans that are only 2D and is more often manual than automatic. These floor plans are drawn at a specific time and do not correspond to the reality, moreover some of those buildings were built already differently than designed. Then in due course the building will change both externally and internally. Also objects like furniture will be moved around in the building. If these changes are not updated in the map of the building, it becomes out of date and cannot be used for the creation of indoor navigable models anymore. To enable correct indoor navigation, we will need to have the current data of the indoor environment. This article concentrates on providing a new approach to generate up to date floor plans by using a mobile (and hand held) laser scanner in the fastest way. This device creates a point cloud and the corresponding trajectory at the same time. Because the mobile laser scanner device is operated by a walking human, the trajectory contains information about the surface the person is walking on. In this article, a method is explained for the detection of walkable spaces based on the analysis of the point cloud and its corresponding trajectory provided by the mobile laser scanner. Three steps will be used: voxelization, trajectory analysis and the identification of floor regions. Dynamic objects, doors, and furniture objects are also used to identify the surfaces which are available for navigation purposes. Three types of surfaces are considered: horizontal, slopes, and stairs.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 369-390
Issue: 3
Volume: 23
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2018.1553685
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2018.1553685
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:23:y:2019:i:3:p:369-390




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Abolfazl Abdollahi
Author-X-Name-First: Abolfazl
Author-X-Name-Last: Abdollahi
Author-Name: Biswajeet Pradhan
Author-X-Name-First: Biswajeet
Author-X-Name-Last: Pradhan
Author-Name: Nagesh Shukla
Author-X-Name-First: Nagesh
Author-X-Name-Last: Shukla
Title: Extraction of road features from UAV images using a novel level set segmentation approach
Abstract: 
 A novel hybrid technique for road extraction from UAV imagery is presented in this paper. The suggested analysis begins with image segmentation via Trainable Weka Segmentation. This step uses an immense range of image features, such as detectors for edge detection, filters for texture, filters for noise depletion and a membrane finder. Then, a level set method is performed on the segmented images to extract road features. Next, morphological operators are applied on the images for improving extraction precision. Eventually, the road extraction precision is calculated on the basis of manually digitized road layers. Obtained results indicated that the average proportions of completeness, correctness and quality were 93.52%, 85.79% and 81.01%, respectively. Therefore, experimental results validated the superior performance of the proposed hybrid approach in road extraction from UAV images.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 391-405
Issue: 3
Volume: 23
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2019.1596040
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2019.1596040
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:23:y:2019:i:3:p:391-405




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Won-Kyung Baek
Author-X-Name-First: Won-Kyung
Author-X-Name-Last: Baek
Author-Name: Hyung-Sup Jung
Author-X-Name-First: Hyung-Sup
Author-X-Name-Last: Jung
Author-Name: Min-Jeong Jo
Author-X-Name-First: Min-Jeong
Author-X-Name-Last: Jo
Author-Name: Won-Jin Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Won-Jin
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Author-Name: Lei Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Lei
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Title: Ground subsidence observation of solid waste landfill park using multi-temporal radar interferometry
Abstract: 
 Land subsidence on landfill parks needs to be consistently and periodically measured because the landfill areas tend to subside unexpectedly. Although in-situ measurements have been adopted in general, these have a number of limitations of spatial and temporal resolutions because of the high cost. However, the use of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) can overcome these disadvantages. In this study, we carried out two experiments using the InSAR method. We then compared the interferometric coherence between ALOS PALSAR and TerraSAR-X data and measured the ground subsidence using multi-temporal TerraSAR-X data acquired from ascending and descending paths. The mean coherences from the ALOS PALSAR and TerraSAR-X interferograms were 0.26 and 0.54, respectively. The coherence from TerraSAR-X was nearly 2 times higher than that of ALOS PALSAR, despite its shorter wavelength of radar signal. These results showed that the data with the shorter temporal baseline is appropriate to monitor the ground subsidence on landfill park areas. As a result of measuring surface deformation, the mean line-of-sight (LOS) deformation rates estimated from the small baseline subset (SBAS) method were −2.4 and −3.2 cm/year for the ascending and descending data of TerraSAR-X, respectively. Also, the mean deformation rate in the vertical and east–west directions were −5.7 and −1.7 cm/year, respectively. The root mean square error (RMSE) of InSAR measurements by comparing with the in-situ measurements was about 1.2 cm/year and the coefficient of determination ($R^2$R2) was about 0.97. These results indicated good agreements between the InSAR measurements and the in-situ measurements.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 406-421
Issue: 3
Volume: 23
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2018.1468275
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2018.1468275
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:23:y:2019:i:3:p:406-421




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jisun Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Jisun
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Author-Name: Jay Hyoun Kwon
Author-X-Name-First: Jay Hyoun
Author-X-Name-Last: Kwon
Author-Name: Yong Kyu Kwon
Author-X-Name-First: Yong Kyu
Author-X-Name-Last: Kwon
Title: On the establishment of 3-dimensional national control points in Korea
Abstract: 
 With the development of GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) positioning technology, the traditional control point system, which is composed of 2D (horizontal) + 1D (vertical), is being changed to the 3-dimensional control point system in Korea. In this contribution, the concept of the 3-dimensional geodetic network on the basis of UCP (unified control point) and the strategy for the realization of the network is suggested. In addition, the expected precision of the new geodetic network especially focused on the vertical position is verified based on the result of the vertical adjustment in the area of the 12th leveling loop. In this area, the network is newly composed based on the strategies such as the transformation of the benchmark to UCP and replacement of the benchmark with UCP, and new establishment of UCPs. The result of the adjustment for the newly designed network shows that a posterior standard deviation of 1.5 mm and the precision of the vertical position better than 2.5 cm for 97.6% of the control points. This clearly verifies that the 3-dimensional network based on UCPs provides the 3-dimensional position with a precision better than 3 cm in most of the cases.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 422-433
Issue: 3
Volume: 23
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2018.1446843
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2018.1446843
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:23:y:2019:i:3:p:422-433




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yong Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Yong
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Author-Name: Jay Hyoun Kwon
Author-X-Name-First: Jay Hyoun
Author-X-Name-Last: Kwon
Title: Performance analysis of the GNSS / MEMS-IMU / on-Board vehicle sensor / magnetometer-based positioning system during GNSS signal blockage
Abstract: 
 Recently, as a result of developments in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology, various studies have been conducted to perform positioning by combining low-cost MEMS-based IMUs and the GNSS. The advantage of MEMS IMU is its low cost; however, its limitation is that the navigation error rapidly increases when disconnected from the GNSS. Therefore, precise positioning is difficult in tunnels or urban environments, where GNSS signals are unreliable. For this reason, additional sensors are needed. In this study, we intend to improve the accuracy of existing GNSS/IMU couplings using internal sensors and a magnetometer (MAG) attached to a vehicle.In this study, a positioning algorithm is developed based on the extended Kalman filter using on-board vehicle sensors and a MAG in addition to GNSS/IMU. A wheel speed sensor (WSS) and yaw rate sensor (YRS) were used as the on-board vehicle sensors. Experimental data were acquired and performance was analyzed. The results show that the GNSS/MEMS-IMU/WSS/YRS/MAG combination has the most stable positional accuracy, with a horizontal deviation of about 3.6 m observed in 10 zones of 30-second GNSS signal blockage. The performance was not significantly improved by adding the YRS; however, when the WSS and the MAG were used, the performance was greatly improved in the zones with GNSS signal blockage.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 434-443
Issue: 3
Volume: 23
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2018.1473043
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2018.1473043
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:23:y:2019:i:3:p:434-443




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michiel van Meeteren
Author-X-Name-First: Michiel
Author-X-Name-Last: van Meeteren
Title: On geography’s skewed transnationalization, anglophone hegemony, and qualified optimism toward an engaged pluralist future; A reply to Hassink, Gong and Marques
Abstract: 
 This reply to Hassink, Gong and Marques’ ‘Moving beyond Anglo-American economic geography’ raises several issues relevant to formulating a unified paradigm that escapes Anglo-American bias. First, the reply identifies different meanings of Anglo-American dominance that do not necessarily align. Remedying concerns that engage with the problems of anglophone hegemony do not necessarily solve institutional issues of Anglo-American dominance, exclusions of contributors, places and viewpoints, or postcolonial critiques. Second, the essay investigates the origins of anglophone dominance, how the skewed transnationalization of geographical practice came about, to excavate solutions from geography’s past. Based on these assessments, several epistemological issues are brought up that might hamper development of a unified paradigm. The reply concludes with encouragement to engage in the Sisyphean labour associated with the quest toward a unified paradigm for economic geography.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 181-190
Issue: 2
Volume: 23
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2018.1467273
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2018.1467273
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:23:y:2019:i:2:p:181-190




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert Hassink
Author-X-Name-First: Robert
Author-X-Name-Last: Hassink
Author-Name: Huiwen Gong
Author-X-Name-First: Huiwen
Author-X-Name-Last: Gong
Author-Name: Pedro Marques
Author-X-Name-First: Pedro
Author-X-Name-Last: Marques
Title: Moving beyond Anglo-American economic geography
Abstract: 
 Over the last fifteen years, we have been observing an increasing fragmentation of economic geography, concerning both schools of thought, perspectives, paradigms, themes and the educational background of researchers. The poly-vocal character of economic geography includes a variety of language areas, a phenomenon so far unknown to a large part of Anglo-American economic geographers. Particularly in the literature about theories, perspectives and paradigms, the non-English speaking world is largely ignored as a basis for debate. Even worse, leading scholars in the field increasingly use the term Anglo-American economic geography to refer to the whole field, although they describe trends and theories in both general and authoritative terms. The aim of this paper is to move beyond Anglo-American economic geography by introducing and reviewing economic geography literature in some other main languages, namely Chinese, Spanish and Portuguese. The purpose of doing so is not merely to show that there is more than Anglo-American economic geography, but also to derive from these non-English voices insights in how to move to an integrative paradigm of a truly international economic geography.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 149-169
Issue: 2
Volume: 23
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2018.1469426
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2018.1469426
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:23:y:2019:i:2:p:149-169




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shengjun Zhu
Author-X-Name-First: Shengjun
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhu
Author-Name: Canfei He
Author-X-Name-First: Canfei
Author-X-Name-Last: He
Title: Moving beyond Anglo-American economic geography: the significance of non-Anglo-American model
Abstract: 
 This commentary extends the debate, proposed by Professor Robert Hassink and his colleagues, on how studies in the non-Anglo-American context can contribute to current debates in economic geography. By examining some ongoing debates based on China, we agree with Hassink’s view and hopes to point out how Anglo-American economic geography can benefit from critical engagements with China as well as other important and yet overlooked regions, such as Africa, East Europe, South Asia and South America. We stress that the rapidly changing economic geographies in these regions may serve as one of the key sites to reproduce our discipline of economic geography, or to ‘theorize back’ at mainstream, Anglo-American theories of economic-geographic dynamics in specific locales.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 191-197
Issue: 2
Volume: 23
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2018.1470551
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2018.1470551
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:23:y:2019:i:2:p:191-197




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mehebub Sahana
Author-X-Name-First: Mehebub
Author-X-Name-Last: Sahana
Author-Name: Shyamal Dutta
Author-X-Name-First: Shyamal
Author-X-Name-Last: Dutta
Author-Name: Haroon Sajjad
Author-X-Name-First: Haroon
Author-X-Name-Last: Sajjad
Title: Assessing land transformation and its relation with land surface temperature in Mumbai city, India using geospatial techniques
Abstract: 
 Land transformation as a result of unprecedented urbanization has introduced changes in local climate and surface energy budget. Land surface temperature (LST) is an important factor influencing local climate and ecology. Mumbai being second largest populated city is experiencing significant changes in land use/land cover (LULC) and surface energy fluxes. Hence, the main objective of the study is to assess the spatial variation in land surface temperature due to land use/land cover change. Several indices like; Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference moisture index (NDMI), modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) and normalized difference built up index (NDBI) were derived to validate the spatial variability of LST in different land use/land cover classes. The study utilized Landsat5/TM and Landsat8/TIRS data for assessing land transformation and its relation with LST in Mumbai city. January, June and October months of three time series 1990, 2000 and 2015 were chosen as representative of three seasons to analyze variation in LST. Pixel to pixel overlay analysis for different indices and LST was carried out to examine the relation of LST with different indices. The study revealed the maximum change in LST was recorded during the month of June over the study period. Land transformation from vegetation and agricultural land to urban built up has been found to be the main cause of increased LST in the study area. The finding of the study may help in promulgating sustainable urban land use policies and avoiding the effect of urban heat island.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 205-225
Issue: 2
Volume: 23
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2018.1488604
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2018.1488604
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:23:y:2019:i:2:p:205-225




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joon Park
Author-X-Name-First: Joon
Author-X-Name-Last: Park
Author-Name: Yirang Lim
Author-X-Name-First: Yirang
Author-X-Name-Last: Lim
Author-Name: Kyohee Kim
Author-X-Name-First: Kyohee
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim
Author-Name: Hyounggun Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Hyounggun
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Title: Revisit to incremental housing focusing on the role of a comprehensive community centre: the case of Jinja, Uganda
Abstract: 
 Incremental housing is a gradual process whereby residents incrementally improve or extend their houses by themselves, whenever funding or time becomes available. This approach has attracted attention as an affordable way of improving poor living conditions in slums often with sites-and-services scheme. In many cases, this approach is coupled with an emphasis on self-help sweat equity, which can be strengthened by active community involvement. This study seeks to suggest a way of combining a scheme of empowering self-reliant communities with incremental housing. Based on the lessons from previous slum upgrade projects in Jinja, Uganda, this study points out the necessity of 1) more sustainable approach with self-help incremental housing than one-time grant-based projects, 2) an assisted way of empowering community and providing training schemes, 3) a temporary shelter for original dwellers who are affected by slum upgrade projects, and 4) an inclusive scheme for tenants who are frequently ignored in many slum upgrade schemes. This study proposes a ‘Self-Reliance Centre (SRC)’, which is designed to function as a space for community empowerment, a training centre, and a temporary shelter for incremental housing scheme in slum upgrade. As an assisted self-help approach, the SRC in incremental housing has a feature of initial involvement by public sector to invite eventual self-reliance of communities for sustainability in incremental housing.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 226-245
Issue: 2
Volume: 23
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2018.1488605
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2018.1488605
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:23:y:2019:i:2:p:226-245




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Evert Meijers
Author-X-Name-First: Evert
Author-X-Name-Last: Meijers
Author-Name: Antoine Peris
Author-X-Name-First: Antoine
Author-X-Name-Last: Peris
Title: Using toponym co-occurrences to measure relationships between places: review, application and evaluation
Abstract: 
 While there is consensus that network embeddedness of cities is of great importance for their development, the precise effect is difficult to assess because of a lack of consistent information on relations between cities. This paper presents, applies and evaluates a rather novel method to establish the strength of relationships between places, a method we refer to as ‘the toponym co-occurrence method’. This approach builds the urban system on the basis of co-occurrences of place names in a text corpus. We innovate by exploiting a so far unparalleled amount of data, namely the billions of web pages contained in the commoncrawl web archive, and by applying the method also to small places that tend to be ignored by other methods. The entire settlement system of the Netherlands is consequently explored. In addition, we innovatively apply machine learning techniques to classify these relations. Much attention is paid to solving biases deriving from place name disambiguation. Gravity modelling is employed to assess the resulting spatial organization of the Netherlands. It turns out that the gravity model fits very well with the pattern of relationships between places as found in digital space, which contributes to our assessment that the toponym co-occurrence method is a solid proxy for relationships in real space. Using the method, it is established that the relationships in the Randstad region, by many considered a coherent metropolitan entity, are actually somewhat less strong than expected. In contrast, historically important, but nowadays small cities in the periphery tend to have maintained their prominent position in the pattern of relationships. Suburban, relatively new places in the shadow of a larger city tend to be weakly related to other places. Several suggestions to further improve the method, in particular the classification of relationships, are discussed.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 246-268
Issue: 2
Volume: 23
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2018.1497526
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2018.1497526
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:23:y:2019:i:2:p:246-268




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Trevor J. Barnes
Author-X-Name-First: Trevor J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Barnes
Title: The importance of ‘being various’: a commentary on ‘Moving beyond Anglo-American economic geography’
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 170-176
Issue: 2
Volume: 23
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2018.1532313
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2018.1532313
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:23:y:2019:i:2:p:170-176




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert Hassink
Author-X-Name-First: Robert
Author-X-Name-Last: Hassink
Author-Name: Huiwen Gong
Author-X-Name-First: Huiwen
Author-X-Name-Last: Gong
Author-Name: Pedro Marques
Author-X-Name-First: Pedro
Author-X-Name-Last: Marques
Title: Moving beyond Anglo-American economic geography: authors’ response
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 198-204
Issue: 2
Volume: 23
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2018.1538812
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2018.1538812
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:23:y:2019:i:2:p:198-204




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jung Won Sonn
Author-X-Name-First: Jung Won
Author-X-Name-Last: Sonn
Author-Name: Junsu Kim
Author-X-Name-First: Junsu
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim
Author-Name: Heejin Choi
Author-X-Name-First: Heejin
Author-X-Name-Last: Choi
Title: The regionalization of the counter hegemon: a response to Hassink, Gong and Marques
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 177-180
Issue: 2
Volume: 23
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2018.1538813
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2018.1538813
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:23:y:2019:i:2:p:177-180




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mehdi Bokaie
Author-X-Name-First: Mehdi
Author-X-Name-Last: Bokaie
Author-Name: Aliakbar Shamsipour
Author-X-Name-First: Aliakbar
Author-X-Name-Last: Shamsipour
Author-Name: Padideh Khatibi
Author-X-Name-First: Padideh
Author-X-Name-Last: Khatibi
Author-Name: Ali Hosseini
Author-X-Name-First: Ali
Author-X-Name-Last: Hosseini
Title: Seasonal monitoring of urban heat island using multi-temporal Landsat and MODIS images in Tehran
Abstract: 
 This study aimed to investigate the relationship between seasonal changes in land surface temperature (LST) and various land use/land cover (LULC) classes in Tehran in 2010. For this purpose, urban heat island (UHI) cores were detected. The relationship between spatiotemporal variations of UHIs and the LULC classes was studied. The results showed that UHIs have different causes due to the type of LULC classes in the region. The average temperature of the five LULC classes in different seasons revealed full compliance of the spreading pattern of UHIs in the city with the type of LULC. Daytime and nighttime MODIS LST maps were prepared to verify the results. The daytime LST map also confirmed the compliance of the spatial pattern of UHIs with the types of LULC. The consequences from the nighttime LST map revealed the movement and conduction of main cores of heat islands towards the central and densely populated areas of the city, which could be expected to be due to the high absorption rate of heat during the day by unnatural materials and energy emissions at night.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 269-285
Issue: 2
Volume: 23
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2018.1548942
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2018.1548942
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:23:y:2019:i:2:p:269-285




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chenghua Jin
Author-X-Name-First: Chenghua
Author-X-Name-Last: Jin
Author-Name: Mack Joong Choi
Author-X-Name-First: Mack Joong
Author-X-Name-Last: Choi
Title: The causal structure of land finance, commercial housing, and social housing in China
Abstract: 
 China has implemented the dual housing supply system consisting of commercial housing provided by the private sector and social housing provided by the public sector. Since commercial housing and social housing are mediated by the land finance of local governments, however, an increase in the supply of commercial housing contributes to the income of the land finance, which may, in turn, increase the public expenditure on the supply of social housing. Though the supply of commercial housing has increased and the size of the land finance has expanded in the process of rapid urbanization in China, however, statistics do not support that the supply of social housing has increased in proportion to the supply of commercial housing. The purpose of this paper is to empirically analyse the relationship among commercial housing supply, social housing supply, and the land finance in order to verify whether the two housing types are in the indirect, complementary relationship mediated by the land finance or in the direct, substitutive relationship. The cross-sectional data is used across 274 cities in China, based on the annual average values between 2009 and 2014 regarding each city's size of land finance and the amount of land supplied for construction purposes, which includes commercial housing and economic comfortable housing. By the path analysis results that commercial housing and ECH are not in the complementary relationship mediated by the land finance, but in the substitutive relationship as they have to compete each other to secure the limited land resources.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 286-299
Issue: 2
Volume: 23
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2019.1568285
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2019.1568285
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mehdi Alidadi
Author-X-Name-First: Mehdi
Author-X-Name-Last: Alidadi
Author-Name: Hashem Dadashpoor
Author-X-Name-First: Hashem
Author-X-Name-Last: Dadashpoor
Title: Beyond monocentricity: examining the spatial distribution of employment in Tehran metropolitan region, Iran
Abstract: 
 This research examines the spatial distribution of employment in Tehran metropolitan region as one of the most populated regions in West Asia. For this aim, our approach includes three steps; first, the paper investigates the level of monocentricity or the primacy of the main core, then, the paper utilises various methodologies to identify the employment subcenters in the region; and finally, the importance of identified centres is estimated by polycentric employment function. To do this, data obtained from Statistical Centre of Iran for 2006 and 2011 is provided in sub-district level, the smallest geographical unit. Results revealed that monocentric model is not able to explain the spatial distribution of employment in TMR; also, the main core loses its importance with the passage of time. Applying different methodologies for TMR identified 3 subcenters in 2006; whereas, it reached to 7 subcenters in 2011. In the last step, the deployed polycentric employment function explained 42% and 51% of total employment distribution throughout TMR in 2006 and 2011 respectively.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 38-58
Issue: 1
Volume: 22
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2017.1329024
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2017.1329024
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:22:y:2018:i:1:p:38-58




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xin Li
Author-X-Name-First: Xin
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Author-Name: Bingruo Duan
Author-X-Name-First: Bingruo
Author-X-Name-Last: Duan
Title: Organizational microblogging for event marketing: a new approach to creative placemaking
Abstract: 
 Creative placemaking emphasizes the role of artists and cultural organizations in disseminating cultural products and services, and ultimately in promoting the city’s image. Over the past decade, we have witnessed a surge of cultural events in urban communities, where art and cultural spaces in the form of museums, art galleries, and exhibition halls have proliferated. Yet how to attract different audiences for event organizers to these events remains a challenge. In search of effective event marketing strategies, artists and cultural organizations increasingly rely on social media tools, such as Facebook, Twitter and Weibo (a Chinese microblog). Through an analysis of microblogging data collected through the Application Programming Interface (API) and web scraping, this paper evaluates the effectiveness of museums’ Weibo usage for attracting visitors in the city of Beijing. Applying a machine-learning algorithm and conducting a Kendall’s Tau test, we build a correlation between the degree of an account’s online activity and the frequency of onsite visits by the public. Our findings shed light on how organizations can use social media tools to more fully engage the public in social and cultural events.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 59-79
Issue: 1
Volume: 22
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2017.1343155
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2017.1343155
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:22:y:2018:i:1:p:59-79




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Youngsoo An
Author-X-Name-First: Youngsoo
Author-X-Name-Last: An
Author-Name: Li Wan
Author-X-Name-First: Li
Author-X-Name-Last: Wan
Title: Modelling industrial firm relocation with impacts of spatial dependence
Abstract: 
 The location choice of industrial firms has been studied extensively. However the relocation choice of industrial firm remains under-researched. In this study, we develop a multinomial logit model for firm relocation choices that considers both origin and destination attributes. The proposed model is empirically estimated with firm registration data for the Seoul Metropolitan Area. The estimation results show that the network distance for relocation is an important factor for manufacturing firms; reduced land costs is likely to be a significant economic factor in relocation choice of manufacturing firms. In terms of the impacts of spatial dependence, we clarify two types of spatial dependence in literature, i.e. the neighbourhood effects from contiguous locations and the extended spatial spillovers in agglomeration economy. Our test shows that both the neighbourhood and agglomeration effects are significant for high-tech industry, but not for heavy industry. Sensitive tests are carried out to determine the optimum catchment radius for measuring the agglomeration effects for each manufacturing firm types. We also investigate the possible relocation choice variance among manufacturing firms of different employment size.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 80-103
Issue: 1
Volume: 22
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2017.1352475
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2017.1352475
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:22:y:2018:i:1:p:80-103




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Amir Reza Khavarian-Garmsir
Author-X-Name-First: Amir Reza
Author-X-Name-Last: Khavarian-Garmsir
Author-Name: Ahmad Pourahmad
Author-X-Name-First: Ahmad
Author-X-Name-Last: Pourahmad
Author-Name: Hossein Hataminejad
Author-X-Name-First: Hossein
Author-X-Name-Last: Hataminejad
Author-Name: Rahmatollah Farhoudi
Author-X-Name-First: Rahmatollah
Author-X-Name-Last: Farhoudi
Title: A comparative assessment of economic and physical inequality between shrinking and growing cities: a case study of Khuzestan province, Iran
Abstract: 
 Despite the accelerated urbanization that has occurred over recent years, urban shrinkage has emerged silently as a step of urbanization in developing countries. However, without identifying the main causes of this shrinkage, managing it seems impossible. This study aims to make a comparative assessment of economic and environmental inequality between the shrinking cities and growing cities in the province of Khuzestan, Iran, using the statistical Mann-Whitney test. The results of the study showed no significant difference between the shrinking and the growing cities in terms of economic and physical-environmental conditions. In this regard, it is suggested that the current shrinking cities in the province have experienced a process much different from the shrinkage of a vast majority of cities in other countries, particularly in developed countries. This difference can be due to the rentier nature of the Iranian government, the impacts of certain external factors, and the tax-free speculative transactions in the housing sector.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 104-122
Issue: 1
Volume: 22
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2017.1358653
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2017.1358653
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:22:y:2018:i:1:p:104-122




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sabyasachi Tripathi
Author-X-Name-First: Sabyasachi
Author-X-Name-Last: Tripathi
Author-Name: Chetana Rani
Author-X-Name-First: Chetana
Author-X-Name-Last: Rani
Title: The impact of agricultural activities on urbanization: evidence and implications for India
Abstract: 
 As a part of the development process, India is currently going through a transformation from agriculture based economy to industry and service lead urbanized economy. However, no formal quantitative research has been done on this phenomenon. In this perspective, based on Matsuyama’s (1992. Agricultural productivity, comparative advantage and economic growth. Journal of Economic Theory, 58(2), 317–334. doi:10.1016/0022-0531(92)90057-O) theoretical framework and using panel data model, the impact of agricultural activities on urbanization in India is analyzed in this paper. For the analysis 15 major agricultural states of India are considered for the period of 1981–2015 by sourcing data from mainly Census of India and Ministry of agriculture, government of India. The results indicates that overall agricultural activities measured by share, growth rate and total agricultural production, amount of cultivated land area, amount of rainfall and rural male employment have a negative effect on urbanization. However, some specific agricultural activities such as higher consumption of fertilizer, state government expenditure on agriculture, production of major crops (wheat, bajra and pulses), rural female employment in agriculture, and rural literacy rate have had a positive impact on urbanization. The results also show that the effect of agriculture productivity is positive on urbanization for a less trade open economy like India. Finally, it is suggested that there is need of higher agricultural development in order to achieve a higher level of urbanization in India. For this purpose use of technology in agriculture sector along with higher level rural education is required. Finally, we need to have balanced rural and urban policy for a smooth rural- urban transformation in India.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 123-144
Issue: 1
Volume: 22
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2017.1361858
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2017.1361858
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:22:y:2018:i:1:p:123-144




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dongkwan Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Dongkwan
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Author-Name: Jean-Michel Guldmann
Author-X-Name-First: Jean-Michel
Author-X-Name-Last: Guldmann
Author-Name: Burkhard von Rabenau
Author-X-Name-First: Burkhard
Author-X-Name-Last: von Rabenau
Title: Interactions between the built and socio-economic environment and driver demographics: spatial econometric models of car crashes in the Columbus Metropolitan Area
Abstract: 
 This research analyzes car crashes resulting from the interactions between (1) the characteristics of the built and socio-economic environment where the crashes take place and (2) the gender and age of the driver at fault. Crashes are classified in terms of seriousness (fatalities/injuries, property damages only) and driver demographics. Data are drawn for the Central Ohio Region over 2006–2011 from the multiple files of the crash database of the Ohio Department of Public Safety. These data are aggregated over Traffic Analysis Zones (TAZ). Additional data include socio-economic, land-use, public transit, road network, and other locational/physical factors, also specified at the TAZ level. Regression analysis is used to explain the numbers of crashes in each of 12 groups. Three age groups are considered: young (15–24), adult (25–64), and older (65+). Spatial autocorrelation effects are tested and corrected by estimating spatial econometric models. The implications of the results for transportation safety policy are discussed.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 17-37
Issue: 1
Volume: 22
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2017.1369452
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2017.1369452
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Matthew P. Drennan
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew P.
Author-X-Name-Last: Drennan
Title: Do agglomeration economies decay over short distances? Are they stable in the face of shocks? Evidence from Manhattan
Abstract: 
 This paper analyzes agglomeration economies of four producer service industries in Manhattan applying panel regression to a sample of zip codes and years. Agglomeration economies accrue to producer services in Manhattan, and they decay with distance from their core. Applying the same analysis to three goods production and distribution industries in Manhattan, none show evidence that inferred agglomeration economies decay with distance. Did the shock of 9/11, destabilize the intense concentration of producer service establishments in Manhattan? No. However, the natural experiment of forced relocation shows a strong preference for midtown Manhattan locations over downtown Manhattan locations.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 1-16
Issue: 1
Volume: 22
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2017.1407253
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2017.1407253
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:22:y:2018:i:1:p:1-16




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jung Won Sonn
Author-X-Name-First: Jung Won
Author-X-Name-Last: Sonn
Author-Name: Myounggu Kang
Author-X-Name-First: Myounggu
Author-X-Name-Last: Kang
Author-Name: Yeol Choi
Author-X-Name-First: Yeol
Author-X-Name-Last: Choi
Title: Smart city technologies for pandemic control without lockdown
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 149-151
Issue: 2
Volume: 24
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2020.1764207
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2020.1764207
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:24:y:2020:i:2:p:149-151




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yasmin Booker
Author-X-Name-First: Yasmin
Author-X-Name-Last: Booker
Title: Assessing the impact of the intensifying UK minimum energy efficiency standards (MEES) on regional office rental values
Abstract: 
 Since the introduction of the UK Minimum Energy Efficiency Standards (MEES) in April 2018, commercial buildings with a substandard Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) rating may be deemed untenable, depreciate in value and become obsolete. This paper aims to establish the value of the EPC in UK commercial buildings utilizing the hedonic pricing model and how the intensifying MEES might affect these values. The findings can then inform investors and developers in the Real Estate Development (RED) industry of the risks associated with low energy-performing assets. The missing link between environmental performance and property value is the consideration of the local market’s response to sustainability. Subsequently, this paper focusses on market location and environmental performance as the key regression variables. Data has been collated on 5444 commercial office buildings across the 12 UK regions, sourced from CoStar UK and the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government Non-Domestic Energy Performance Register. The regression results indicate the first statistically significant findings relating to the EPC and office rental values. Interaction variables between the EPC and regional location also reveal that the value for energy performance is perhaps weakest in Yorkshire and the Humber and the East Midlands. However, both findings should be treated with caution, where the variables’ coefficients are insignificant relative to all other regression variables. The magnitude of the separate regional variables indicates potential implications for North East and South East office landlords and tenants, particularly where these regions demonstrate some of the lowest and highest levels of building quality respectively and thus, potentially lower and higher levels of energy performance. Developers and investors who own substandard EPC-rated offices in the RED industry might also benefit from renovation premiums and simultaneously protect themselves against the intensifying MEES, if they renovate their building to a sufficient EPC grade.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 152-172
Issue: 2
Volume: 24
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2019.1651669
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2019.1651669
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:24:y:2020:i:2:p:152-172




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yaser Hatamzadeh
Author-X-Name-First: Yaser
Author-X-Name-Last: Hatamzadeh
Author-Name: Meeghat Habibian
Author-X-Name-First: Meeghat
Author-X-Name-Last: Habibian
Author-Name: Ali Khodaii
Author-X-Name-First: Ali
Author-X-Name-Last: Khodaii
Title: Measuring walking behaviour in commuting to work: investigating the role of subjective, environmental and socioeconomic factors in a structural model
Abstract: 
 Most walking-related travel behaviour studies have defined walking behaviour using a single measure of travel and have almost focused on single trips actually taken rather than entire tour. These studies usually neglect the mediating role and the indirect effect of explanatory factors on walking behaviour. This paper tries to understand the walking behaviour in work-tour(s) instead of work trips and presents a definition of walking behaviour using total time of walking and having at least one walking trip in work-tour(s) as two measures of travel simultaneously. Using data collected in the city of Rasht, Iran in 2015 from 432 working commuters, a structural equation model (SEM) was calibrated. Our findings indicate the necessity of addressing subjective factors in walking-related studies in addition to built environment characteristics and the importance of not ignoring the indirect effect of factors which can be quite misleading in interpreting the walking behaviour of commuters.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 173-188
Issue: 2
Volume: 24
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2019.1661273
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2019.1661273
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:24:y:2020:i:2:p:173-188




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ahmet Gün
Author-X-Name-First: Ahmet
Author-X-Name-Last: Gün
Author-Name: Yüksel Demir
Author-X-Name-First: Yüksel
Author-X-Name-Last: Demir
Author-Name: Burak Pak
Author-X-Name-First: Burak
Author-X-Name-Last: Pak
Title: Urban design empowerment through ICT-based platforms in Europe
Abstract: 
 The use of ICT-based participation tools in urban design has come into prominence in the last decade. A plethora of technology-enabled participatory tools, techniques, and applications have been developed to facilitate the participation of citizens as well as other stakeholders. This study specifically focuses on ICT-based participation platforms that aim to serve as forums to respond to social and spatial needs. Many studies have reported that the use of these participatory platforms has led to positive outcomes. However, their potentials and limits for facilitating different levels of design empowerment (Senbel and Church, 2011. Design Empowerment. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 31(4), 423–437.) remain unknown. In this context, the aims of this study are: (1) to determine how these platforms empower and restrict citizens’ engagement by analysing a variety of ICT-based participation platforms in Europe, and (2) to determine the factors that can facilitate better participation practices. This research analyses 25 ICT-based participation platforms that go beyond one-sided information exchange. They were chosen out of a database of 106 platforms. These were evaluated according to their objectives, the design action phases in which they are designated to be used, their desired levels of design empowerment and their functionalities. The findings indicate that a majority of these platforms (76%) focused on two particular objectives: problem identification and feedback collection. Only three platforms (12%) enabled users to create their own plans and visions, since empowering citizens to design independently is a challenging task. Many of the platforms aimed at higher levels of design empowerment but failed to provide the required functionalities users need. 40% of the platforms did not have any tools for citizens to track whether their ideas, plans, and projects were implemented or not. In conclusion, we discuss the implications of these findings and identify the key factors for better design practices for ICT-based civic participation platforms.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 189-215
Issue: 2
Volume: 24
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2019.1604250
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2019.1604250
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christina E. Mediastika
Author-X-Name-First: Christina E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Mediastika
Author-Name: Anugrah S. Sudarsono
Author-X-Name-First: Anugrah S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Sudarsono
Author-Name: Luciana Kristanto
Author-X-Name-First: Luciana
Author-X-Name-Last: Kristanto
Author-Name: Gunawan Tanuwidjaja
Author-X-Name-First: Gunawan
Author-X-Name-Last: Tanuwidjaja
Author-Name: Rony G. Sunaryo
Author-X-Name-First: Rony G.
Author-X-Name-Last: Sunaryo
Author-Name: Rully Damayanti
Author-X-Name-First: Rully
Author-X-Name-Last: Damayanti
Title: Appraising the sonic environment of urban parks using the soundscape dimension of visually impaired people
Abstract: 
 The study aimed to investigate the specific soundscape dimension of visually impaired people and to learn about the possibly unique soundscape dimension elicited by the hearing sense alone. The soundscape dimension of the visually impaired will be used as a reference for improving urban parks to accommodate users inclusively. A semantic-scale questionnaire survey of sighted and visually impaired people in both in-situ and off-site modes was performed. Data were extracted using principal component analysis with polychoric correlations, which produced three soundscape dimensions elicited from the sighted and six from the visually impaired. In sum, evaluation of the park’s sonic environment identified the eventfulness soundscape dimension and the pleasantness soundscape dimension as being the most prominent for visually impaired and sighted people, respectively.
HighlightsAn entirely aural soundscape method by visually impaired people is used to appraise urban parks.Soundscape dimension of eventfulness is the most prominent for visually impaired people.Visually impaired people extract more information from the acoustic environment.Visually impaired people sense the danger and direction of a space from sound.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 216-241
Issue: 2
Volume: 24
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2020.1713863
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2020.1713863
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:24:y:2020:i:2:p:216-241




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Eun Yeol Oh
Author-X-Name-First: Eun Yeol
Author-X-Name-Last: Oh
Author-Name: Bong Hyun Jeong
Author-X-Name-First: Bong Hyun
Author-X-Name-Last: Jeong
Title: The direction of urban development and policy implications for response to climate change – the case of Gwangju Metropolitan City, Republic of Korea
Abstract: 
 This study investigates the case of Gwangju Metropolitan City, which has been developing preemptive policies to cope with the impact of climate change. It is necessary and important to examine empirical data on how Gwangju Metropolitan City has promoted its preemptive response to climate change. The concept of climate change, the status of climate change, and the energy consumption of each sector were first identified, and trends and prospects of changes in traffic conditions, and the status of parks and green spaces were examined using indicators from a 10 year period (2002–2011). Relevant variables were selected from the climate carbon map constituents presented in the ‘2030 Gwangju Metropolitan City Master Plan’ report, and key urban indicators and low-carbon indicators presented in ‘A Study on the Construction of Climate Carbon Map in Gwangju’. Cluster analysis using the factor scores of the factors extracted through these variables, followed by principal component analysis and k­medians nonhierarchical cluster analysis, were carried out using STATA 11.1. Thereafter, SWOT analysis was performed to classify the environmental factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external environmental factors (opportunities and threats) into categories based on the variables extracted from Gwangju Metropolitan City’s response to climate change. The purpose of this study is therefore to classify the above-mentioned trends in urban development responses to climate change into factorization types classified by principal component analysis, and to analyse the results of SWOT analysis and factors that can mitigate the urban heat island phenomenon based on the derived factors and the development of public transit-oriented urban development (TOD). This study serves not only as basic research data in presenting urban development strategies for future climate change, but also suggests policy implications.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 242-270
Issue: 2
Volume: 24
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2019.1692691
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2019.1692691
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:24:y:2020:i:2:p:242-270




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Geoffrey Propheter
Author-X-Name-First: Geoffrey
Author-X-Name-Last: Propheter
Title: Do urban sports facilities have unique social costs? An analysis of event-related congestion on police response time
Abstract: 
 Sports facilities across the globe are increasingly being sited in the urban core. The existing literature in sports and urban affairs fails to consider that the magnitude of negative externalities attributed to sports facilities could vary by the built environment, that the social costs of locating a facility in the urban core may be greater than the social costs of locating it in more suburban areas due to the greater development density in the former. This study test this hypothesis using daily police incident-level data from Sacramento, California in 2016, when a professional basketball team moved from a more suburban arena to a new one in the city’s downtown. Using a doughnut-hole specification in a triple difference-in-difference framework, it is concluded that police response time to incidents in the immediate vicinity of the downtown arena during event periods is on average 7.4 per cent longer, or about 33 seconds. No such delay is observed for incidents near the suburban arena during event periods. Both conclusions are robust to a placebo.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 271-281
Issue: 2
Volume: 24
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2019.1625805
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2019.1625805
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:24:y:2020:i:2:p:271-281




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Suji Park
Author-X-Name-First: Suji
Author-X-Name-Last: Park
Author-Name: Hanbai Kim
Author-X-Name-First: Hanbai
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim
Author-Name: Soyoung Han
Author-X-Name-First: Soyoung
Author-X-Name-Last: Han
Author-Name: Yoonku Kwon
Author-X-Name-First: Yoonku
Author-X-Name-Last: Kwon
Title: Landscape design methodology as perceived through memory schema with user experience
Abstract: 
 This study examined interrelationships between memory schema incised into landscapes pursued by designers and user’s responses by using multiple case study methods. We selected three cases according to three dimensions of landscape design method related to memory schema to examine each concept thoroughly; (1) Vietnam Veterans Memorial in USA as a context design, (2) Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fountain in England as a transformation design and, (3) Sutton Place which is imaginary design of Geoffery Jellicoe as an imagination design. Seonyudo Park in Korea has been selected to review with all the aspects of three type of memory schema. Our findings highlight that memory schema as a landscape design metaphor has been emphasizing the five human senses and internal experiences. Memories could be transformed into various forms and meanings in landscapes according to designers’ intentions. Furthermore, when one’s recalled experience is expressed through landscape, which is expressed through a schema, and the user who uses the landscape correlates to the memory. This study suggests that landscape design with a memory schema can serve as a creative design medium that applies the positive effects of design experience to landscapes with humans.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 282-296
Issue: 2
Volume: 24
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2019.1651668
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2019.1651668
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:24:y:2020:i:2:p:282-296




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Keramatollah Ziari
Author-X-Name-First: Keramatollah
Author-X-Name-Last: Ziari
Author-Name: Ahmad Pourahmad
Author-X-Name-First: Ahmad
Author-X-Name-Last: Pourahmad
Author-Name: Bagher Fotouhi Mehrabani
Author-X-Name-First: Bagher
Author-X-Name-Last: Fotouhi Mehrabani
Author-Name: Ali Hosseini
Author-X-Name-First: Ali
Author-X-Name-Last: Hosseini
Title: Environmental sustainability in cities by biophilic city approach: a case study of Tehran
Abstract: 
 Pollution (air, water, soil, etc.), waste management, and biodiversity depletion are the most important environmental problems of Tehran city. This paper considers the biophilic urbanism as a complementary approach alongside the other strategies and plans to promote the environmental sustainability in Tehran city. In this research, we used D’ANP method to determine the influential and importance weight of indicators and dimensions. The result showed that biophilic institutions and governance, and biophilic infrastructure and conditions are the influencing dimensions, whereas the biophilic attitude and knowledge, and biophilic activity are the affected dimensions. Also, results showed that ‘percentage of population engaged in nature restoration and volunteer efforts, priority given to environmental education, Priority given to nature conservation and education by local government, adoption of green building and planning codes and adoption of a local biodiversity action plan or strategy’ are the most important indicators among the indicators respectively. In general, this paper concludes that the biophilic planning and designing increase the environmental attitude and knowledge of citizens, and enhanced environmental attitude and knowledge lead to environmental behaviour modification and green lifestyle of citizens and thus environmental sustainability.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 486-516
Issue: 4
Volume: 22
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2018.1425153
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2018.1425153
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:22:y:2018:i:4:p:486-516




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Adiwan Aritenang
Author-X-Name-First: Adiwan
Author-X-Name-Last: Aritenang
Author-Name: Jung Won Sonn
Author-X-Name-First: Jung Won
Author-X-Name-Last: Sonn
Title: The effect of decentralization and free trade agreements on regional disparity in a developing economy: the case of Indonesia, 1993–2005
Abstract: 
 Since 1993, Indonesia has experienced both upward and downward restructuring of state power through the ASEAN Free Trade Agreement (AFTA) and fiscal decentralization, respectively. In this study, we investigate the impact of state restructuring on regional disparity. Indonesia is an interesting case because it is one of the few economies in which the upward and downward restructuring of state power occurred almost simultaneously. Based on a panel data analysis of micro-level firm data for the period 1993–2005, we find evidence of neoclassical convergence. Furthermore, decentralization was found to slow this convergence, while the AFTA had no statistically significant impact during the study period.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 546-564
Issue: 4
Volume: 22
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2018.1425155
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2018.1425155
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:22:y:2018:i:4:p:546-564




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hyeon Park
Author-X-Name-First: Hyeon
Author-X-Name-Last: Park
Author-Name: Shin Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Shin
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Author-Name: Jaeyoung Kim
Author-X-Name-First: Jaeyoung
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim
Title: Do public private partnership projects deliver value for money? An ex post Value for Money (VfM) Test on three road projects in Korea
Abstract: 
 The fiscal efficiency of Public Private Partnership (PPP) projects has been subject to much debate since PPP proliferated in Korea since 1997. The paper aims to determine the fiscal efficiency of three major PPP road projects signed between 1997 and 2005 and currently in operation. We perform an ex post value for money (VfM) test on the three PPP road projects to evaluate their performance in terms of fiscal efficiency. The results show only one of the three attained value for money greater than zero while other two did not. The analysis shows that the key reasons for the failure to deliver VfM are: (1) discount rates fell between the time of contract signing and the time of evaluation and (2) Treasury bond interest rates also dropped during the same period, which together undermined the fiscal efficiency of PPP. This does not mean PPP is not a viable alternative to public procurement. Rather, the findings highlight the importance of effective contract management that can mitigate the risk arising from the changes in project environment during the whole of contract period, such as the changes in Treasury bond interest rates and discount rates.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 579-591
Issue: 4
Volume: 22
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2018.1455528
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2018.1455528
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:22:y:2018:i:4:p:579-591




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shinwon Kyung
Author-X-Name-First: Shinwon
Author-X-Name-Last: Kyung
Title: Searching for ‘community’ and ‘community involvement’ in urban policy
Abstract: 
 The idea of ‘community involvement’ has regained its importance in many parts of the world. However the meaning and application of community involvement are still not considered to be clearly defined. This lack of clarity often leads to contradictions and it prevents governments from providing clear policy purpose. This paper, therefore, starts by searching for the idea of community and community involvement and how it is interpreted in different cultural contexts. It then moves to explore different approaches towards, and models of, community involvement in urban policy including the current debates on their strengths and weaknesses. In the conclusion, this paper discusses the gap between academic inquiry and development practice in the real world.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 473-485
Issue: 4
Volume: 22
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2018.1455529
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2018.1455529
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:22:y:2018:i:4:p:473-485




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lawrence J. Vale
Author-X-Name-First: Lawrence J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Vale
Title: Cities of stars: urban renewal, public housing regeneration, and the community empowerment possibility of governance constellations
Abstract: 
 This paper examines the implementation of the largest public housing regeneration programme in the United States, HOPE VI (Housing Opportunities for People Everywhere), which provided $6 billion in grants to facilitate the redevelopment of 260 sites. It begins by noting the wide variation in approaches to income mixing, with some HOPE VI projects skewed toward public housing retention and others emphasizing more inclusion of market-rate housing. To help explain this, the paper proposes that approaches to HOPE VI are rooted in previous experience with displacement through slum clearance, urban renewal and central highway construction from the 1940s through the 1970s. In some cities, this sparked lasting backlash from citizen groups sufficient to alter the structure of urban governance in ways that tempered the prior roles of the state and powerful private developers. The paper explains this shift in governance using the metaphor of ‘governance constellations.’ These constellations spatially represent the systems of key players (or ‘stars’) whose presence is able to shine most brightly in each given regeneration process. Rather than networks of infinite variety, the paper argues that there are four basic types of governance constellations, each with its orienting polestar in a different sector of the sky – skewed either towards the private sector (The Big Developer), the public sector (Publica Major), the not-for-profit sector (Nonprofitus), or the community sector (Plebs). To explore this, the paper draws upon examples from four cities-New Orleans, Boston, Tucson, and San Francisco-which illustrate each of these basic constellation types. There are important roles for community leaders in each type of constellation, but the constellations explain how and why some cities favoured housing large numbers of very poor households when redeveloping mixed-income housing while others placed more emphasis on higher-income households. At base, these differences reveal quite different attitudes toward community empowerment.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 431-460
Issue: 4
Volume: 22
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2018.1455530
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2018.1455530
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:22:y:2018:i:4:p:431-460




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Susan J. Popkin
Author-X-Name-First: Susan J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Popkin
Title: The limits of housing revitalization as a platform for improving residents’ economic well-being: lessons from the U.S.
Abstract: 
 Thirty years ago, the United States faced a crisis with its public housing stock. This paper reviews what the evidence shows about the successes and failures of 20 years of public housing transformation, especially on what these efforts have meant for the residents who have endured both distressed public housing and the stresses of forced relocation for redevelopment initiatives. I focus on the ways that policy-makers have tried to use these efforts as a catalyst for improving residents' lives and trying to help them move toward self-sufficiency, and describe some of the innovative efforts to use housing as a platform for offering supportive services. Finally, I argue that current policy shifts are setting the stage for a new crisis in US public housing that has the potential to do real harm to the residents who depend on it to be able to afford safe and stable homes.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 461-472
Issue: 4
Volume: 22
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2018.1455531
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2018.1455531
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:22:y:2018:i:4:p:461-472




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Geon Kim
Author-X-Name-First: Geon
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim
Author-Name: Kyung-Min Kim
Author-X-Name-First: Kyung-Min
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim
Title: The impact of firm size and industrial diversity on office market volatility
Abstract: 
 This study examines the relationship between regional economic characteristics and the volatility of metropolitan office markets. Although the concept of diversity has often been adopted to illustrate the urban economy since Jane Jacobs (1961, The death and life of great American cities. New York, NY: Random House), only a few previous studies investigated the impacts of diversity on the metropolitan office market. Therefore, this paper has tried to fill this gap. In addition to the influence of industrial diversity, firm size diversity is explored because different firm sizes may show dissimilar response patterns to an economic shock, have different levels of risk premiums that landlords are willing to pay, and have different preferred spatial characteristics. The results from a panel data analysis suggest that office rent volatility decreases as the firm size diversity increases compared to the previous year. For industrial diversity, office market volatility decreases as industrial diversity increases. In addition, further analysis reveals that the impact of diversity on metropolitan office market volatility can vary by market size. Results of empirical analysis imply that a sufficient number of firms with diverse functions and greater business diversity are a desirable condition for reducing fluctuations in office markets.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 565-578
Issue: 4
Volume: 22
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2018.1470550
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2018.1470550
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:22:y:2018:i:4:p:565-578




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: HyunKyung Lee
Author-X-Name-First: HyunKyung
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Author-Name: HongBae Kim
Author-X-Name-First: HongBae
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim
Title: The impacts of rail freight rate changes on regional economies, modal shift, and environmental quality in Korea
Abstract: 
 Korail is a typical government-owned enterprise in Korea and plans to raise its rail freight rates by 10–15% in order to offset the deficit in its operating costs. When this policy goes into effect, it will have an impact on regional economies of Korea. There will be subsequent effects on the environmental quality due to a shift in demand from rail to other transportation modes including road transportation. This paper attempts to evaluate the impacts of the rail freight rate policy on Korea. The policy is specifically analyzed in terms of three impacts: (i) on regional economies, (ii) on modal choice, and (iii) on CO2 emissions. A simple multi-region price input-output model and a multi-regression analysis model are employed for the analysis. This paper shows that there is no trade-off between environmental quality and economic efficiency in the case of Korail. In other words, the policy will generate a lose-lose outcome rather than a win-win situation for both regional economies and environment in Korea.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 517-528
Issue: 4
Volume: 22
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2018.1476176
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2018.1476176
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:22:y:2018:i:4:p:517-528




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chang-Moo Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Chang-Moo
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Author-Name: Kang-Min Ryu
Author-X-Name-First: Kang-Min
Author-X-Name-Last: Ryu
Author-Name: Keechoo Choi
Author-X-Name-First: Keechoo
Author-X-Name-Last: Choi
Author-Name: Jin Yoo Kim
Author-X-Name-First: Jin Yoo
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim
Title: The dynamic effects of subway network expansion on housing rental prices using a repeat sales model
Abstract: 
 This study investigates the effects of subway network expansion on housing rent in existing station areas in Seoul, where subway lines had been added continuously during the sample period from 2000 to 2012. Due to network expansion, some existing stations have been enjoying improvements in network accessibility while others have not. The gap in accessibility improvement between the two groups is causing differentiated levels of capitalization in nearby housing rent. In this study, a modified repeat sales model was developed to detect the inter-temporal changes of rent gradient from the affected subway stations. Based on the model, the time trends of the rent gradients for the two groups were compared. The estimation results show that the marginal value of a proximity of 100 m to a subway station was increased by about 0.6% during the 12 year period. Furthermore, it was found that the marginal value was increased by 0.8% for the more improved group of network accessibility, while only about 0.2% for the less improved. These findings confirm that network expansion of subway lines benefits subway users in existing subway areas as well as those in new station areas, and that those benefits are capitalized into housing rent.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 529-545
Issue: 4
Volume: 22
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2018.1487331
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2018.1487331
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:22:y:2018:i:4:p:529-545




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Myounggu Kang
Author-X-Name-First: Myounggu
Author-X-Name-Last: Kang
Author-Name: Yeol Choi
Author-X-Name-First: Yeol
Author-X-Name-Last: Choi
Author-Name: Jeongseob Kim
Author-X-Name-First: Jeongseob
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim
Author-Name: Kwan Ok Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Kwan Ok
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Author-Name: Sugie Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Sugie
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Author-Name: In Kwon Park
Author-X-Name-First: In Kwon
Author-X-Name-Last: Park
Author-Name: Jiyoung Park
Author-X-Name-First: Jiyoung
Author-X-Name-Last: Park
Author-Name: Ilwon Seo
Author-X-Name-First: Ilwon
Author-X-Name-Last: Seo
Title: COVID-19 impact on city and region: what’s next after lockdown?
Abstract: 
 COVID-19 is unique in that it is spread through everyday contact with other people. Therefore, social protective measures, beyond medical protective measures, such as social distancing, lockdowns, border closures, and human tracing are initiated to control the spread of COVID-19. Such responses have produced secondary issues such as drastic changes in people’s way of life and work, housing instability, economic shock, and privacy issues. This paper examines the four domains of urban and regional issues related to the secondary impact of COVID-19, including (1) social distancing, urban structure, community, and density; (2) housing affordability; (3) lockdowns, border closures, reshoring, and regional economic recovery; and (4) smart city technology, contact tracing, and privacy. The following six recommendations have been proposed. First, institutional and cultural factors are more important than urban features, such as population density. To handle infectious diseases such as COVID-19, it is important to build systems, technology, infrastructure, and urban structures that can strengthen resilience instead of implementing a directionless policy of dispersion. Second, it is necessary to improve accessibility to essential services at the community level, including medical facilities and food supply. Third, continuous effort should be made to boost housing affordability, as it is directly related to people’s basic life. Fourth, measures are needed to protect those people who are socioeconomically disadvantaged. There is also the need to restore global trade and economic relations. Fifth, since data technology-based COVID-19 control raises the human tracing and privacy issue, we must ensure the principles of privacy management, such as transparency and voluntary consent, are being met. Finally, since COVID-19 is spread through people, individuals may become anxious and fearful of others without grounds; this may increase prejudice and hatred, including xenophobia. Significant social effort is needed to overcome such ill-defined anxiety and fear and maintain a healthy civil society.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 297-315
Issue: 3
Volume: 24
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2020.1803107
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2020.1803107
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:24:y:2020:i:3:p:297-315




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: M. Posada
Author-X-Name-First: M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Posada
Author-Name: C. H. Häll
Author-X-Name-First: C. H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Häll
Title: A metaheuristic for evaluation of an integrated special transport service
Abstract: 
 This work concerns evaluation of integrated demand responsive services, in which certain parts of the passengers’ door-to-door journeys are served by fixed route public transport. The purpose of combining a special transport service with a fixed route service is to reduce the high, publicly subsidized, operational costs of the special transport service. To be able to recommend in which situations, or areas, it is beneficial to use an integrated service we present a metaheuristic for solving the routing problem in such a service. The metaheuristic can be implemented as part of an evaluation tool for policy makers and officials, providing insights into the effects of an integrated demand responsive service compared to a non-integrated. The metaheuristic is based on the adaptive large neighbourhood search (ALNS) framework. It is applied to a data set from a real-world, rural, demand responsive special transport service and the fixed route service available in the area. The objective used in our heuristic is to minimize the distance driven by the demand responsive vehicles. The distance driven is strongly related to the operational cost of the service. Our tests show that the distance driven by the demand responsive vehicles is reduced by 16%, giving a substantial cost reduction for the special transport service in the given area.Highlights
Evaluation of integrated demand responsive serviceCombining special transport with a fixed route service to reduce operational costsMetaheuristic, based on the adaptive large neighbourhood search (ALNS) frameworkComparing integrated service to non-integrated
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 316-338
Issue: 3
Volume: 24
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2019.1709533
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2019.1709533
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:24:y:2020:i:3:p:316-338




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Justin S. Chang
Author-X-Name-First: Justin S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Chang
Author-Name: Dongjae Jung
Author-X-Name-First: Dongjae
Author-X-Name-Last: Jung
Author-Name: Seohee Jun
Author-X-Name-First: Seohee
Author-X-Name-Last: Jun
Author-Name: Hyerim Oh
Author-X-Name-First: Hyerim
Author-X-Name-Last: Oh
Title: Resilience conceptual framework for assessing the performance of transit service
Abstract: 
 Traditionally, the performance of transit service has been assessed using the framework of level of service or quality of service. This study proposes a novel platform for evaluating performance in the context of resilience. The term resilience represents the ability of a system to absorb and recover from shocks. The concept is thus useful to monitor the degradation and recovery of transit service. This new model is applied to Seoul Metro Line 7 using frequency as the service attribute that could degrade due to a system shock. An empirical study analysing train operations data assesses the dynamic and disaggregate nature of performance of transit service. This feature is understood to add useful insights to the existing evaluation frameworks because the proposed approach can represent the real and perceived performance of transit service. The performance using this framework is impacted by distance from the terminal stations and time-of-day characteristics. Three issues including the level of demand, the form of indicator, and the time unit of analysis are also discussed. Finally, recommendations for further studies, particularly around the theme of factors affecting the performance of transit service and a comparative analysis between the proposed framework and the conventional approaches involving level of service and quality of service, are presented.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 339-353
Issue: 3
Volume: 24
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2019.1687319
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2019.1687319
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:24:y:2020:i:3:p:339-353




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maxwell Chukwudi Udeagha
Author-X-Name-First: Maxwell Chukwudi
Author-X-Name-Last: Udeagha
Author-Name: Nicholas Ngepah
Author-X-Name-First: Nicholas
Author-X-Name-Last: Ngepah
Title: Trade liberalization and the geography of industries in South Africa: fresh evidence from a new measure
Abstract: 
 Economic theory postulates that trade liberalization influences the location patterns of manufacturing activities across regions. However, the direction of this impact remains theoretically controversial. While few authors suggest that trade openness causes dispersion of economic activities, others argue that it strengthens agglomeration tendency. Against the background of ongoing debates in both mainstream economics and in geography, this paper explores the role of trade policy in shaping the patterns of geographical distribution of manufacturing activities across South Africa’s provinces over the period 1993–2016. Contrary to the previous literature, we employ a new measure of trade openness which is able to account for both South Africa’s trade share of her GDP and her relative size of trade compared to the world trade in a given year. Using this measure of openness, the study draws an inference based on the Eicker–White robust covariance Poisson Pseudo-Maximum Likelihood (PPML) which performs well in the presence of heteroscedasticity and data with zero values. The findings suggest that trade openness matters considerably for explaining the industrial patterns across South Africa’s provinces. In particular, industries facing trade liberalization are most likely to settle in proximity to the metropolitan cities surrounding Gauteng. The implication is that South African authorities can use trade policy reforms to complement appropriate redistributive spatial development policies. Such can ensure a fair inter-provincial distribution of industries and mitigate inequalities, especially the spatial dimensions.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 354-396
Issue: 3
Volume: 24
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2019.1695652
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2019.1695652
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:24:y:2020:i:3:p:354-396




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hossein Khosravi
Author-X-Name-First: Hossein
Author-X-Name-Last: Khosravi
Author-Name: Hossein Bahrainy
Author-X-Name-First: Hossein
Author-X-Name-Last: Bahrainy
Author-Name: Shadi Omidvar Tehrani
Author-X-Name-First: Shadi Omidvar
Author-X-Name-Last: Tehrani
Title: Neighbourhood morphology, genuine self-expression and place attachment, the case of Tehran neighbourhoods
Abstract: 
 In this paper, the neighbourhood’s morphology has been evaluated according to socio-behavioural aspects and sense of place. It seems that place attachment, social bonding, and total time residents spent in local spaces are highly determined by neighbourhood’s socio-behavioural dimensions, and in turn, neighbourhood’s morphological attributes have a great impact on socio-behavioural dimensions.To verify the hypothesis, 843 participants have been selected through Neyman allocation modelling from 5 morphologically representative neighbourhoods. The built-environment attributes were gathered through an objective method (GIS). Sense of place, meantime residents, spent in public spaces, socio-behavioural indicators, and a number of socio-demographic characteristics were collected by self-administered questionnaires.According to our analysis, high and middle-rise neighbourhoods, with low coverage massing, by providing plenty of wide, non-hierarchical, and inter-connected spaces, could ensure personal privacy, anonymity, and consequently autonomy, genuineness, and tendency to use neighbourhood spaces. In contrast, historic organic neighbourhoods with narrow hierarchical pathways and massing alongside them increase the level of social monitoring and conformity. Thus, policies that support mixed-use, connected street networks, plenty of shared open spaces, non- hierarchical network patterns, and smaller block sizes can be used by urban designers to promote neighbourhoods supporting residents’ psycho-social preferences.Highlights
Surveillance, conformity, and self-disclosure are neglected neighbourhood-based social issues.Residents’ social behaviours are affected by the neighbourhood’s morphological attributes (Such as hierarchy, density, coverage, and interconnectivity).Total time residents spend in local spaces, their place attachment, and social bonding are described by socio-behavioural phenomena.Historic organic neighbourhoods could not guarantee residents’ personal privacy, anonymity autonomy, and genuineness
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 397-418
Issue: 3
Volume: 24
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2019.1698311
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2019.1698311
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Soora Rasouli
Author-X-Name-First: Soora
Author-X-Name-Last: Rasouli
Author-Name: Harry Timmermans
Author-X-Name-First: Harry
Author-X-Name-Last: Timmermans
Author-Name: Gamze Dane
Author-X-Name-First: Gamze
Author-X-Name-Last: Dane
Author-Name: Anna Grigolon
Author-X-Name-First: Anna
Author-X-Name-Last: Grigolon
Title: Information processing model of subjective estimates of the evolution of dynamic processes illustrated for anticipated future mortgage rates
Abstract: 
 In recent years, the importance of incorporating attribute uncertainty in models of spatial choice behaviour has been recognized in urban planning research. The majority of studies concerned with decision-making under uncertainty assume some a-priori probability distribution for discrete attribute levels or continuous attribute values. Consequently, it has been implicitly assumed that the decision maker perceives the uncertain attributes as reflected in the presumed discrete or continuous probability distributions. This assumption may, however, not be necessarily true. Capturing the shape of the probability distributions from the decision maker’s perspective likely increases the accuracy of models of decision-making under uncertainty. The aim of the current paper, therefore, is to develop an approach for measuring and modelling individuals’ subjective beliefs about uncertain attributes. The approach is illustrated using beliefs about future mortgage rates as an example. To understand the impact of trends in the data, we experimentally changed the trends in mortgage rates over 20 years with 5 years intervals and analysed the impact of such trends on subjective beliefs of anticipated future mortgages. More specifically, four patterns of the evolution of mortgage rates were created, i.e. monotonically increasing, monotonically decreasing, increasing for the first four intervals and then decreasing, and decreasing for the first four intervals and then increasing. Results suggest that the shape of the pattern (nature of the trend) significantly influences subjective probability assessments of future mortgage rates.Highlights
Imputations of subjective probability distribution of uncertain environment is crucial for urban and transportation planningThe information trend on an uncertain event has significant impact on sits subjective probability envisaged by respondents.Social demographic variables are significant moderators for subjective mean and standard deviation of uncertain events.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 419-443
Issue: 3
Volume: 24
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2020.1713862
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2020.1713862
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:24:y:2020:i:3:p:419-443




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Karima Kourtit
Author-X-Name-First: Karima
Author-X-Name-Last: Kourtit
Author-Name: Peter Elmlund
Author-X-Name-First: Peter
Author-X-Name-Last: Elmlund
Author-Name: Peter Nijkamp
Author-X-Name-First: Peter
Author-X-Name-Last: Nijkamp
Title: The urban data deluge: challenges for smart urban planning in the third data revolution
Abstract: 
 Effective urban planning is increasingly affected and governed by the current information society. This paper argues that the so-called third data revolution creates unprecedented challenges for sustainable city policy in the digital age. Three types of data revolutions are distinguished in this paper. The nowadays popular notion of smart cities may be helpful to enhance the cognitive quality of urban policy-making, but leads also to new issues on complex data handling in the modern age of social media and digital information systems. The various issues at stake are outlined in this paper, while this study is concluded with a sketch of the contours of a so-called smart city policy fly-wheel, so as to demonstrate that the urban fabric – also in a smart city context – is always work in progress, with a view to the achievement of sustainable development goals.Highlights
The birth of the smart cities concept originates from the third data revolution.Sustainable city policy calls for smart data management.In the ‘New Urban World’ systematic data warehousing is needed.The tension between closed administrative city borders and open data systems can be bridged.The attainment of sustainable development goals (SDGs) presupposes smart city policy.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 445-461
Issue: 4
Volume: 24
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2020.1755353
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2020.1755353
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:24:y:2020:i:4:p:445-461




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yunmi Park
Author-X-Name-First: Yunmi
Author-X-Name-Last: Park
Author-Name: Hyun Woo Kim
Author-X-Name-First: Hyun Woo
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim
Author-Name: Youngjun Kim
Author-X-Name-First: Youngjun
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim
Title: Reconciling New Urbanist plans: plan quality evaluation for cities in Florida, U.S.
Abstract: 
 As the popularity of New Urbanism has grown, local governments have attempted to translate New Urbanist planning components into planning policy forms. Through observation of comprehensive plans in 40 cities in Florida, this paper explores the extent to which New Urbanism principles are embedded in terms of factual basis, goals, tools, intergovernmental coordination, and implementation. The outcomes of this study indicate that (1) the total quality of the plans varies by city; (2) local governments are well aware of the importance of New Urbanism; (3) there are weak links between the evaluation categories of factual basis and goals; (4) goals and objectives are addressed most effectively; (5) diversity and equity are relatively less addressed; and (6) proactive tools (e.g. form-based codes, transect zoning, or urban growth boundaries) are limited. The outcomes of this study are expected to benefit cities and improve their future plans by allowing the effective integration of New Urbanism depending on their own priorities.Highlights
The mean plan quality score regarding New Urbanism for the 40 local comprehensive plans was 66.6 out of 100, while a large variation existed between local plan scores.Local governments are aware of the importance of New Urbanism principles, but not all the principles are reflected in local comprehensive plans.Inconsistencies existed between the factual bases and goals/objectives indicate that it is unclear how municipalities set their goals without documenting existing conditions.Relatively proactive tools like form-based codes, bans on suburban-style design, and transect zoning did not appear often.Diversity and equity are relatively less addressed in the factual bases, goals, and tools.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 462-484
Issue: 4
Volume: 24
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2020.1751684
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2020.1751684
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:24:y:2020:i:4:p:462-484




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tsolmon Bayarsaikhan
Author-X-Name-First: Tsolmon
Author-X-Name-Last: Bayarsaikhan
Author-Name: Sang-Tae Kim
Author-X-Name-First: Sang-Tae
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim
Author-Name: Tae-Hyoung Tommy Gim
Author-X-Name-First: Tae-Hyoung Tommy
Author-X-Name-Last: Gim
Title: International tourists’ destination choice differences according to Plog’s personality types: analyzing the case of Mongolia based on the recreation opportunity spectrum
Abstract: 
 In the international tourism market, the number of arrivals in Asian regions is increasing every year, and that of foreign tourists in Mongolia, a new tourism market, is also rapidly rising. This study tests differences in the destination choice among international tourists visiting Mongolia using the Plog’s personality model. It classifies Mongolia into several regions using the recreation opportunity spectrum and then tests whether Plog’s personality types significantly affect the destination choice. Analytical results based on the data of an on-site survey of 406 U.S., South Korean, and Russian tourists recruited at eleven representative destinations present that while the tourists are categorized into psychocentric, midcentric, and allocentric types, allocentric tourists are the largest in number. Also, Plog’s personality types are found to differentiate tourist destination choices when socio-demographic and travel-related confounding variables are controlled for. Allocentric tourists are likely to visit primitive areas, whereas psychocentrics tend to visit urban tourist attractions. Accordingly, this study confirms the validity of the recreation opportunity spectrum and Plog’s personality types, using the case of Mongolia with unique natural, urban, and tourism settings. Also, tourism service providers and marketers may benefit from the segmentation technique and analytical results suggested in this study in order to assess the needs of their visitors.Highlights
This study uses the recreation opportunity spectrum and Plog’s model together.The study conducts a survey of inbound tourists in Mongolia.Tourists’ destination choice can be varied by personality characteristics.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 485-515
Issue: 4
Volume: 24
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2020.1771195
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2020.1771195
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:24:y:2020:i:4:p:485-515




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: SeoJin Ha
Author-X-Name-First: SeoJin
Author-X-Name-Last: Ha
Author-Name: SuJin Jang
Author-X-Name-First: SuJin
Author-X-Name-Last: Jang
Author-Name: KwanWoo Yang
Author-X-Name-First: KwanWoo
Author-X-Name-Last: Yang
Author-Name: SeungHan Ro
Author-X-Name-First: SeungHan
Author-X-Name-Last: Ro
Title: ERAM as a complementary method of Spatial Syntax: comparison of methodologies by linking spatial analysis with income-producing efficiency for a retail outlet in South Korea
Abstract: 
 This study examines if quantitative spatial analysis techniques are methodologically suitable in terms of linking spatial characteristics with income-producing efficiency. Two methodologies, Space Syntax and Eigenvector Ratio of Adjacency Matrix (ERAM), were employed to conduct an empirical analysis of a retail outlet with a multi-storey structure. The first model is the integration value of Space Syntax and the second model is ERAM, which is a behaviourally developed version of Space Syntax. Thus, integration of Space Syntax, which calculates relative spatial depth, is found to not be significant to gross sales of stores, while ERAM value is found to be significant. By presenting methods to optimize space, this study contributed to how limited spaces of income-producing properties can be more efficiently used. The ERAM model yielded a value that is significant to gross sales of stores and could be used to estimate and further increase gross sales of stores when planning the inner spaces of income-producing properties.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 516-531
Issue: 4
Volume: 24
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2020.1742190
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2020.1742190
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:24:y:2020:i:4:p:516-531




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Irfani Fithria Ummul Muzayanah
Author-X-Name-First: Irfani Fithria Ummul
Author-X-Name-Last: Muzayanah
Author-Name: Suahasil Nazara
Author-X-Name-First: Suahasil
Author-X-Name-Last: Nazara
Author-Name: Benedictus Raksaka Mahi
Author-X-Name-First: Benedictus Raksaka
Author-X-Name-Last: Mahi
Author-Name: Djoni Hartono
Author-X-Name-First: Djoni
Author-X-Name-Last: Hartono
Title: Is there social capital in cities? The association of urban form and social capital formation in the metropolitan cities of Indonesia
Abstract: 
 High-density urban development is claimed as a suitable urban form in enhancing social capital. However, the relationship between those two variables has not been well empirically explored, leading to the emergence of competing results in the literature. This study aimed to investigate the role of urban physical arrangement or urban form in the social capital formation using Indonesian metropolitan cities as a case study. This research was also the first empirical study to investigate the association between urban form and social capital in Indonesia. The multilevel logistic regression was used to investigate the association between the urban form and several indicators of social capital. The findings revealed that individuals in high residential density areas were less likely to know their neighbours, had lower levels of bridging trust, and less involved in the community’s activities.Meanwhile, street connectivity appeared to have a positive association with bridging trust but negatively related to social networks. Moreover, the land use mix did not seem to be significantly associated with any social capital variables. However, the aggregated data of urban form limited our ability of the present study to provide specific policy recommendations. Nonetheless, this study would still suggest that urban planners and policy makers should be mindful to consider that urban form features might influence the development of social capital.Highlights
Multilevel logistic regression confirmed that urban form can be claimed to have association with the formation of social capital in metropolitan cities in IndonesiaHigh density seems to have reverse relationship with the level of knowing neighbour, bridging trust and make residents less involve in community activities.High connectivity contributes in fostering the level of bridging trust but lowering social networks.Meanwhile, land use mix did not appear as significant predictor of social capital
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 532-556
Issue: 4
Volume: 24
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2020.1730934
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2020.1730934
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:24:y:2020:i:4:p:532-556




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fatemeh Salarvandian
Author-X-Name-First: Fatemeh
Author-X-Name-Last: Salarvandian
Author-Name: Seyed Ali Hosseini
Author-X-Name-First: Seyed Ali
Author-X-Name-Last: Hosseini
Author-Name: Aram Moradi
Author-X-Name-First: Aram
Author-X-Name-Last: Moradi
Author-Name: Mehdi Karoubi
Author-X-Name-First: Mehdi
Author-X-Name-Last: Karoubi
Title: Assessing the spatial distribution of sports spaces within walking distance in Tehran
Abstract: 
 Spatial equity in urban sports services has received a lot of attention due to the importance of physical activities in public health-related issues. Using GIS network and spatial statistical analysis, a total number of 22 regions in Tehran were studied to investigate the possible differences in terms of physical activity spaces per capita and pedestrian accessibility to sports facilities services. The findings revealed that some regions have an undersupply of sports spaces, while others have insufficient access to these services. Considering the population density, the results showed that the regions with the highest population and residential density have fewest facilities. Unexpectedly, regions with more sports spaces per capita appeared to have the lowest accessibility to the sports facilities. It was also found that having more sports spaces available per capita does not necessarily imply greater accessibility within walking distances. This means major sports facilities are located in areas with relatively minimal opportunities to use them.Highlights
The sports spaces per capita and pedestrian accessibility to those services in Tehran are studied via GIS network and spatial statistical analysis.The sports space per capita in 16 regions out of 22 is lower than the average space recommended in Tehran Master Plan II.Sports facilities are not easily pedestrian-accessible for many residents; even in the regions with the highest sports space per capita.The absolute sense of sports facilities is high; however, those are not evenly distributed related to the population’s needs.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 557-577
Issue: 4
Volume: 24
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2019.1710552
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2019.1710552
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:24:y:2020:i:4:p:557-577




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: H. Jo
Author-X-Name-First: H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Jo
Author-Name: E. Shin
Author-X-Name-First: E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Shin
Author-Name: H. Kim
Author-X-Name-First: H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim
Title: The spatial characteristics of bicycle-to-person collisions: a focus on bicycle paths of the Han River Park in Seoul, Korea
Abstract: 
 Recently, as the number of cyclists has grown in Seoul, Korea, bicycle traffic accidents have also increased rapidly. Most precedent research concerning bicycle traffic accidents has focused on the cases where motor vehicles have injured cyclists. Unlike preceding studies, this study focuses on the cases where bicycles have collided with pedestrians. The purpose of this study is to identify the spatial characteristics of the bicycle-to-person collisions caused by bicycles. Binomial Logistic Model is used to identify the spatial relationships of bicycle-to-pedestrian collisions. For the analysis, the entire Han River Park is broken down into 50  × 50 m grids, which become the units of analysis of this study. The target period for the analysis is set from 2014 to 2016. Dependent variables are accident points in the Han River Park. As the independent variables, the variety of spatial and physical factors of the Han River Park are considered. The model shows that the crosswalks, speed restriction features, street furniture, floating population, and bicycle rental shops in the Han River Park are significant factors relating to bicycle-to-pedestrian collisions.Highlights
Bicycle-to-person collisions are also on the rise as the use of bicycles increasesWhat are the physical and spatial factors that affect bicycle-to-person collisions?Binomial logistic regression was used to determine factors related to collisionsCrosswalk, speed restriction facility and street furniture are significant variables
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 578-592
Issue: 4
Volume: 24
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2020.1743740
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2020.1743740
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:24:y:2020:i:4:p:578-592




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: George Galster
Author-X-Name-First: George
Author-X-Name-Last: Galster
Author-Name: Kwan Ok Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Kwan
Author-X-Name-Last: Ok Lee
Title: Introduction to the special issue of the Global crisis in housing affordability
Abstract: 
 This paper introduces the special issue on The Global Crisis in Housing Affordability in the International Journal of Urban Sciences in 2021. It provides the motivation of the special issue, and discusses main topics covered by papers in this issue, including a review of the current literature and conceptual discussions, the extent of housing affordability problems in both developed and developing countries, causes and consequences of these problems, and evaluations of policy measures.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 1-6
Issue: S1
Volume: 25
Year: 2021
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2020.1847433
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2020.1847433
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:25:y:2021:i:S1:p:1-6




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: George Galster
Author-X-Name-First: George
Author-X-Name-Last: Galster
Author-Name: Kwan Ok Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Kwan Ok
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Title: Housing affordability: a framing, synthesis of research and policy, and future directions
Abstract: 
 We synthesize the vast, international scholarly literature related to the growing problem of housing affordability. As a foundation for assessing both the causes of housing affordability problems and possible policies for alleviating them, we take a systematic, holistic perspective and specify nine structural relationships for a metropolitan area that comprehensively delineate the determinants of housing affordability. We discuss concepts and measures of housing affordability, evidence on the primary causes and effects of unaffordable housing, alternative policy approaches, potential future trends in affordability, and suggestions for further research. While focusing on the most recent, high-quality empirical evidence, we also rely on previously published reviews and seminal papers in order to provide historical perspective on how the literature has evolved. Our reconnaissance of the international literature since 2008 demonstrates that although evaluation research in the context of western, developed countries’ housing policies has dominated, increasingly such research has emerged from other countries.Highlights
We discuss how to frame housing affordability issues, synthesize evidence from the relevant literature, and propose directions for future research.We take a holistic perspective to understand causes of housing affordability problems and assess policy responses.Our review of the international scholarly literature encompasses the evidence from non-western, developing countries.Despite the extensive literature, there remain unexplored questions and emerging topics.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 7-58
Issue: S1
Volume: 25
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2020.1713864
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2020.1713864
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marietta E. A. Haffner
Author-X-Name-First: Marietta E. A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Haffner
Author-Name: Kath Hulse
Author-X-Name-First: Kath
Author-X-Name-Last: Hulse
Title: A fresh look at contemporary perspectives on urban housing affordability
Abstract: 
 The literature on housing affordability has grown rapidly since Hulchanski [1995, p. 489. The concept of housing affordability: six contemporary uses of the housing expenditure-to-income ratio. Housing Studies, 10(4), 471–491] declared that housing researchers should avoid using the term since it is not a robust concept and measurement often lacks validity. In the ensuing 24 years, however, scholars have continued to debate the definition and measurement of housing affordability as well as the prevalence and type of ‘housing affordability problems’ in various countries. This paper is a think piece which takes a fresh look at housing affordability as a concept which has persisted despite considerable contestation and scepticism about its use. It provides a critical and multi-disciplinary assessment of housing affordability starting with early conceptualization of the nexus between economic principles and social norms about housing and living standards to a reworking of housing affordability in the twenty-first century as an urban issue affecting lower and middle-income households in cities, as a consequence of the financialization of housing and urban restructuring. It argues that the housing affordability concept has been repurposed such that the focus is less on understanding housing expenditures in contributing to poverty and disadvantage within the domain of social policy and more on the urban policy challenges of growing inequities in access to urban resources. The paper highlights the challenges for urban policy in adopting and adapting rather than rejecting a multi-dimensional concept of housing affordability and consequently the importance of new ways of measuring urban housing affordability.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 59-79
Issue: S1
Volume: 25
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2019.1687320
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2019.1687320
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:25:y:2021:i:S1:p:59-79




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Matthias Helble
Author-X-Name-First: Matthias
Author-X-Name-Last: Helble
Author-Name: Kwan Ok Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Kwan
Author-X-Name-Last: Ok Lee
Author-Name: Ma. Adelle Gia Arbo
Author-X-Name-First: Ma. Adelle
Author-X-Name-Last: Gia Arbo
Title: How (Un)affordable is housing in developing Asia?
Abstract: 
 While housing affordability is well documented for developed countries, we still lack systematic analyses and cross-city comparisons for developing countries. This paper aims to contribute to the relevant literature by comparatively analyzing city-level housing unaffordability of 211 cities in 27 developing countries located in the Asia-Pacific region. The average price-to-income ratio (PIR) for our sample is above 12.5, which indicates that housing is severely unaffordable for the large majority of urban dwellers in developing Asia. Using a regression-based approach, we find evidence that the housing unaffordability tends to increase for cities with larger population and lower household income. Our results also demonstrate that the extent of housing unaffordability in developing Asia is substantially higher compared with cities in developed countries. Potential reasons include slower supply responses, lower household income spent on housing, relatively higher construction costs, rigid land use regulations and inefficient planning systems. If housing remains out of reach for in-migrants and newly formed households in most existing urban areas of developing countries, their potential of further urbanization and economic growth is likely to be undermined.Highlights
We study housing affordability in 211 cities in 27 developing countries in the Asia-Pacific region.The average price-to-income ratio is above 12.5, indicating that housing is severely unaffordable for the large majority of urban dwellers.Housing unaffordability tends to increase for cities with larger population and lower household income.The extent of housing unaffordability in developing Asia is substantially higher compared with cities in developed countries.Potential reasons for housing unaffordability include slower supply responses, lower household income spent on housing, relatively higher construction costs, rigid land use regulations and inefficient planning systems.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 80-110
Issue: S1
Volume: 25
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2020.1810104
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2020.1810104
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:25:y:2021:i:S1:p:80-110




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kyung-Hwan Kim
Author-X-Name-First: Kyung-Hwan
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim
Author-Name: Soojin Park
Author-X-Name-First: Soojin
Author-X-Name-Last: Park
Author-Name: Man Cho
Author-X-Name-First: Man
Author-X-Name-Last: Cho
Author-Name: Seung Dong You
Author-X-Name-First: Seung Dong
Author-X-Name-Last: You
Title: Housing affordability, borrowing constraints and tenure choice in Korea
Abstract: 
 This paper analyses the linkages between housing affordability and borrowing constraints, and the impact of the latter on housing tenure decisions in Korean cities during the period 2006–2016. The conventional aggregate measures of housing affordability provide a mixed picture. The price to income ratio (PIR) increased in major cities but the home purchase affordability, or repayment affordability improved between 2006 and 2016. Also, the access to mortgage finance increased substantially thanks to the expansion of mortgage supply, low interest rates and lenient macroprudential regulations. We investigate whether and how these changes affected household home purchases using the household-level micro data from the 2006 and 2016 Korea Housing Surveys. We construct the variable indicating the degree of borrowing constraint in terms of wealth each household faces and show that the number of borrowing-constrained households dropped significantly between 2006 and 2016. We then investigate the effect of the wealth constraint by including a measure of the degree of the borrowing constraint as an explanatory variable in the tenure choice equation, together with other key variables such as the cost of owning relative to renting. Estimation results confirm that, as expected, the propensity to home purchases declines if households are judged as wealth-constrained. It was also found that the detrimental effect of the wealth constraint on home ownership increased significantly, particularly for severely constrained households, while the homeownership rates for others improved during our study period. Our findings suggest that affordability measures that do not consider borrowing constraints may not be very helpful in gauging affordability of home purchases at the household level.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 111-134
Issue: S1
Volume: 25
Year: 2021
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2020.1831402
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2020.1831402
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:25:y:2021:i:S1:p:111-134




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: William Seitz
Author-X-Name-First: William
Author-X-Name-Last: Seitz
Title: Urbanization in Kazakhstan: desirable cities, unaffordable housing, and the missing rental market
Abstract: 
 Kazakhstan’s cities are hubs of economic opportunity and prosperity. But despite the Government’s ambitious targets, the pace of urbanization remains slow. This study focuses on two key constraints: (i) the very high cost-of-living in Kazakhstan’s cities, and (ii) the near absence of a rental housing market outside of the capital, Nur-Sultan. The findings show that the two urban centres of Almaty and Nur-Sultan are 190% and 240% more expensive to live in than the national average. Housing is the primary driver of the disparity: after adjusting for inflation, housing costs tripled in Nur-Sultan and quadrupled in Almaty between 2001 and 2015. As a result, housing costs for the local population in these areas are more unaffordable than famously exclusive cities such as San Francisco and Vancouver. Demand elasticities imply that rural and low-income households are especially unlikely to relocate to high-priced areas where employment prospects are better and average incomes are higher. Regional convergence in wage rates remains slow but appears to be proceeding most quickly in Nur-Sultan, where rental housing is most prevalent. The findings suggest that high rates of home ownership and the high cost-of-living in cities lead to exclusion of lower-income households and restrains economic growth.Highlights
Urbanization in Kazakhstan is proceeding very slowly, despite ambitious government targets.The high cost-of-living in the urban areas of Nur-Sultan and Almaty deters many potential domestic migrants.This is driven almost entirely by housing costs: housing in high-demand cities is seriously unaffordable for most people, even among those already living in cities.High home ownership rates and an abnormally small rental market further reduce domestic mobility.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 135-166
Issue: S1
Volume: 25
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2019.1709534
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2019.1709534
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:25:y:2021:i:S1:p:135-166




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alejandra Reyes
Author-X-Name-First: Alejandra
Author-X-Name-Last: Reyes
Title: Mexico’s housing crisis: vacancy, limited access & Deaf policy responses
Abstract: 
 During the 2000s, millions of Mexicans acquired mortgages to buy homes in the fringes of cities throughout the country. Many such households have faced limited access to services, infrastructure and employment, and have seen their monthly mortgage payments increase while their debt remains virtually unchanged. In parallel, while about a third of Mexicans still live in poor housing conditions, numerous newly built developments have exhibited alarmingly high housing vacancy rates. Such coexistence of housing vacancy and shortages exposes considerable tensions in Mexican housing policy between the social and the economic values of housing. While previous analyses have centred on the financialization of housing policy in Mexico, this paper examines some of the local, political and socioeconomic implications of recent federal housing finance policy and urban development patterns, particularly as they relate to housing access and vacancy. Furthermore, this paper discusses the more recent evolution of Mexico’s housing and urban development policy, as well as the juxtaposition of the institutional and civic responses that have emerged to make front to previous financialization and housing development patterns and their implications.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 167-194
Issue: S1
Volume: 25
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2020.1776145
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2020.1776145
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:25:y:2021:i:S1:p:167-194




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Priscila Izar
Author-X-Name-First: Priscila
Author-X-Name-Last: Izar
Author-Name: Tatu Mtwangi Limbumba
Author-X-Name-First: Tatu
Author-X-Name-Last: Mtwangi Limbumba
Title: A matter of value: assessing the scope and effects of Tanzania’s national housing corporation’s development strategy on Dar es Salaam’s urban neighbourhoods
Abstract: 
 Since the 1990s, the Tanzanian public housing authority, the National Housing Corporation (NHC), has been changing its goal, from prioritizing delivery of affordable housing, to becoming a leading commercial and residential real estate developer. This happens against a backdrop of market-based reform and the state’s growing reliance on private markets to support urban development. In this paper, we look at the impact of NHC’s new approach and its effect on housing production and every day practice in Dar es Salaam. The analysis is based on a case study of two new NHC middle to high-income development projects and housing practice in the neighbourhoods surrounding these projects. Analysis is informed by semi-structured interviews, and project and site investigation. Findings indicate that currently, NHC operates like a private corporation, prioritizing market-rate developments over low-income housing projects, and promoting segregated developments based on land value criteria, while also lacking protocols regarding its trickling down approach. High input costs and declining state subsidies are some of the factors mentioned as a challenge towards meeting the housing needs of moderate to low-income households. The paper contributes to the international debate concerning the state’s adoption of business-like approaches to housing production and the affordability crisis.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 195-217
Issue: S1
Volume: 25
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2020.1810105
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2020.1810105
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:25:y:2021:i:S1:p:195-217




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kenneth Gibb
Author-X-Name-First: Kenneth
Author-X-Name-Last: Gibb
Title: Divergent approaches to affordable housing supply in a devolved policy system: Scotland and England after 2010
Abstract: 
 Within the UK, Scotland and England operate largely devolved housing policy systems (this paper does not discuss Welsh housing policy, even though much of the same analysis can and should examine the relative divergence of policy between Wales and England, and convergence with Scotland – but that would need to be another paper). Since the 2010 advent of fiscal austerity, housing policy has diverged significantly with respect to affordable and social housing supply programmes. Scotland has returned to council house building and retained a significant grant-funded programme aimed at delivering supply targets intended to tackle unmet housing need. In England, in contrast, following the Coalition Government’s Affordable Homes Programme, the response has been to greatly diminish social housing programmes and to replace them with less generous ‘affordable’ supply programmes for ownership and rent. This experience masks fundamentally different policy settings and assumptions about the housing problem in each country. This paper will first set out the context and mechanisms of housing policy prior to the switch to deficit reduction and austerity, before briefly outlining the policy instruments and strategies adopted in both countries, contrasting their impacts and outcomes. Second, it will investigate the relative effectiveness of these policies, drawing on a synthesis of critical policy science and public policy literatures. The final section discusses the findings in a forward-looking way and also reflects on possible lessons from housing policy divergence and the analytical tools deployed in this paper.Highlights
Scotland and England deliver housing policy to support those seeking to live in affordable housing under significantly local policy discretion within the devolved UK.Both countries have pursued increasingly divergent approaches to expanding affordable housing supply. This paper contrasts and explores the two approaches, broadly since the economic crisis of 2008.Adopting a framework drawing on the ideas of policy failure and organized around the structure of a realistic evaluation, we find that Scotland’s programme with higher grant per unit has delivered more social housing and met more of its underlying housing need than was the case in England, which was more focused on lower subsidy and higher rent ‘affordable’ housing.There are wider political and contextual reasons that help explain this divergence in outcome and policy but also uncertainty about how affordable supply will develop in the future.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 218-240
Issue: S1
Volume: 25
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2020.1730935
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2020.1730935
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:25:y:2021:i:S1:p:218-240




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christine M. E. Whitehead
Author-X-Name-First: Christine M. E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Whitehead
Author-Name: John Goering
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Goering
Title: Local affordable housing dynamics in two global cities: patterns and possible lessons?
Abstract: 
 This paper compares how New York and London, two major global cities, have developed policies and programmes to help ensure affordable housing for their citizens. It clarifies how, starting from relatively limited local regulatory powers in the nineteenth century, each city has used local resources as well as centrally authorized programmes, to create unique mixes of rental housing support, mostly based on instruments that enable sub-market rents. It goes on to discuss how the legacies arising from these interventions, both positive and negative, have influenced affordability in these cities’ current, more internationally open and generally more privatized, housing systems. The relative success of both cities has depended on the management of this pastiche of programmes and financing. Even so, while large proportions of lower income households in both cities (although larger in London) are assisted, there remains significant, and, in current economic circumstances, potentially growing numbers of households, facing unaffordable market rents. In the foreseeable future it can only be an amalgam of these local and nationally supported policies together with local initiatives that can help limit, although not resolve, the continuing problems of ensuring adequate affordable homes for lower income households in both New York and London.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 241-265
Issue: S1
Volume: 25
Year: 2021
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2020.1828147
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2020.1828147
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:25:y:2021:i:S1:p:241-265




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Casey Dawkins
Author-X-Name-First: Casey
Author-X-Name-Last: Dawkins
Title: Realizing housing justice through comprehensive housing policy reform
Abstract: 
 A globally connected, locally centred housing justice movement calls for comprehensive reforms of policies that influence the distribution and affordability of housing. To date, this movement has yet to influence U.S. federal housing policy, which has historically prioritized tax expenditures supporting homeownership over affordable rental housing subsidies for low-income households. This paper takes these appeals to housing justice seriously and asks, ‘What would a conception of housing justice offer to housing policy makers seeking to enact comprehensive housing policy reforms designed to shift the balance of federal housing policy priorities away from homeownership towards the satisfaction of low-income households’ basic housing needs?’ I propose a conception of housing justice grounded in the ideal of civic equality, apply civic equality toward the evaluation of current U.S. federal housing policy, and propose a comprehensive national housing policy reform that is consistent with civic equality. The proposed ‘negative housing tax’ extends the idea of a negative income tax to a tax on housing consumption and capital gains from home sales. The revenues generated from the tax provide funds to support a guaranteed monthly housing allowance that would be distributed to those facing the most severe housing needs.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 266-281
Issue: S1
Volume: 25
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2020.1772099
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2020.1772099
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:25:y:2021:i:S1:p:266-281




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ray Forrest
Author-X-Name-First: Ray
Author-X-Name-Last: Forrest
Title: Housing wealth, social structures and changing narratives
Abstract: 
 The mid to late twentieth century saw dramatic changes in housing tenure structures. In particular, levels of individual home ownership rose as did the scale and scope of urban residential wealth. This accumulation of housing wealth in these early home ownership societies (e.g. UK, USA, Japan) generated considerable research and policy interest. It was anticipated that social relations and social structures would be transformed by this new and pervasive form of personal wealth. As the process of housing wealth accumulation unfolded, however, new factors and policy imperatives emerged associated with demographic ageing, housing wealth divides, asset-based welfare and ideas of neoliberal self-reliance. From the vantage point of the early twenty-first century, how should we now understand the impact of these developments in relation to housing opportunities, social inequalities and urban change? The implicit promise of housing wealth- for- all through an ever-expanding home ownership has become considerably qualified and severely compromised by financial crises, shifting demographics and structural changes in financialised, neoliberal capitalism. This paper explores the changing narratives around housing wealth among those societies which were the first to develop modern, home ownership institutions and markets. The paper is primarily about how the growth of housing wealth has been perceived and theorized at different periods in those older home ownership systems and the relationship between the changing narrative and the changing socio-economic circumstances around home ownership. The paper concludes with a consideration of the relevance of these experiences for other societies such as Mainland China which has seen more recent and dramatic increases in the level of private property ownership.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 1-15
Issue: 1
Volume: 25
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2018.1455527
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2018.1455527
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hui Zeng
Author-X-Name-First: Hui
Author-X-Name-Last: Zeng
Author-Name: Qiulin Ke
Author-X-Name-First: Qiulin
Author-X-Name-Last: Ke
Author-Name: Xiaofen Yu
Author-X-Name-First: Xiaofen
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu
Title: Investigating the factors affecting the residential satisfaction of new-generation migrants: a case study of Hangzhou in China
Abstract: 
 This paper examines the residential satisfaction of new-generation migrants in the Chinese context. The study uses the survey data of residential satisfaction of new-generation migrants in Hangzhou. The ordered logit model is employed to examine the factors affecting the residential satisfaction of new-generation migrants, a special group of the workforce in metropolitan cities of China. Unlike the previous studies of residential satisfaction of rural migrant workers in Chinese cities, we find that the residential satisfaction of new-generation migrants does follow the standard patterns identified in the literature; the socio-demographic attributes such as gender, education, income, housing characteristics of size and the quality of kitchen and sanitary facilities and neighbourhood environment and location factors such as the distance to work place, accessibility to employment and other location and the availability of entertaining amenities are significant determinants of residential satisfaction of new-generation migrants. Additionally, the institutional factors such as tenancy agreement signed with landlord and lease length, which provides tenants with residential stability and security have a significant impact on residential satisfaction. This finding has policy implication of regulating the growing rental housing market in China. This finding also complements the existing research on residential satisfaction.
HighlightsThis is the first paper to analyze the residential satisfaction of new-generation migrants living in a rented dwelling in China.The analysis finds the factors affecting the residential satisfaction of new-generation migrants are different from the ones affecting rural-to-urban migrants.The factors affecting the residential satisfaction of new-generation migrants are socio-demographic attributes, housing characteristics and locational attributes.The findings have policy implication for the government and a developer to provide a satisfying dwelling to retain young talents in the city they choose to live and work.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 16-30
Issue: 1
Volume: 25
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2020.1713861
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2020.1713861
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:25:y:2021:i:1:p:16-30




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chengdong Yi
Author-X-Name-First: Chengdong
Author-X-Name-Last: Yi
Author-Name: Yuyao Li
Author-X-Name-First: Yuyao
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Author-Name: Yourong Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Yourong
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Haiyuan Wan
Author-X-Name-First: Haiyuan
Author-X-Name-Last: Wan
Title: Social stratification and housing wealth inequality in transitional urban China
Abstract: 
 As the Chinese economy continues to transform, housing wealth has gradually become the single largest asset in most urban households. At the same time, housing wealth inequality has worsened, and housing stratification has become a major form of social stratification in the country. However, there is no empirical evidence of temporal changes in housing wealth inequality and their implications on social stratification. Pooling three waves of survey data from the 1995, 2008, and 2013 iterations of the Chinese Household Income Project, we present a dynamic image of housing wealth inequality in urban China. The results suggest that housing wealth inequality decreased initially and increased later. To further illustrate how housing wealth is stratified by social groups, we conducted regression analyses and structural tests, which revealed three main results: the education level of the household head has an increasingly positive impact on housing wealth inequality; a household head with superior occupational status generally has an advantage in terms of possession of housing wealth with no evidence that this advantage diminishes during the transitional period; and income has a significant, positive impact on housing wealth, and this effect exhibited an increasing trend over time. These results imply that the temporal changes in housing wealth inequality exacerbated the social stratification in transitional urban China.Highlights
This study explores the temporal changes of housing wealth inequality in urban China.Housing inequality decreased and then increased during the transitional period.Both education and income have increasingly positive impacts on the housing inequality.The advantages of the superior occupational status haven’t diminished.These temporal changes exacerbated the social stratification in China.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 31-50
Issue: 1
Volume: 25
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2020.1713860
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2020.1713860
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:25:y:2021:i:1:p:31-50




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tsun Se Cheong
Author-X-Name-First: Tsun Se
Author-X-Name-Last: Cheong
Author-Name: Jing Li
Author-X-Name-First: Jing
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Author-Name: Wui Wing Cheng
Author-X-Name-First: Wui Wing
Author-X-Name-Last: Cheng
Title: Distribution dynamics of China’s regional housing price disparity
Abstract: 
 Based on the methods of distribution dynamics analysis, this study estimates the regional housing price disparity across China’s eastern, central and western regions. Analysis from decomposition of housing price growth rate by subgroup indicates that the disparity is largely due to intra-regional rather than inter-regional differences. Eastern region contributes the most to the disparity of housing prices, followed by the Central region and the Western region. Ergodic distributions reveal that Eastern region with housing price growth rates from 4% to 7% tend to move upwards in the coming period, while in the Central and Western regions housing prices tend to converge to no change of housing prices. Mobility probability plot result further suggests that medium sized housing may have higher probability for price growth. The findings help better understand the regional disparity of housing price in China, an issue that has largely been neglected. Long-standing inequality across regions can exert adverse impact on poverty reduction, economic development, and even social stability. The research implications will enable scholars and policymakers to rethink the impact of homeownership financialization when discussing and designing housing policies.
HighlightsThis paper uses distribution dynamics analysis to study the housing price disparity in China.Ergodic distributions reveal that Eastern region has upward housing price trend.Ergodic distributions reveal that Central and Western regions have converged housing prices.Mobility probability plots reveal that medium sized housing tends to have more price growth.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 51-70
Issue: 1
Volume: 25
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2020.1775109
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2020.1775109
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:25:y:2021:i:1:p:51-70




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: James Gross
Author-X-Name-First: James
Author-X-Name-Last: Gross
Author-Name: Yu Ouyang
Author-X-Name-First: Yu
Author-X-Name-Last: Ouyang
Title: Types of urbanization and economic growth
Abstract: 
 What is the relationship between urbanization and economic growth? Though many scholars have long documented the impact of urbanization on economic growth, others find no relationship has been established between rates of urbanization and rates of growth. While urbanization has typically been theorized as the product of a Harris-Todaro push-and-pull framework that encourages migration to urban areas for economic opportunity, recent works indicate that growth in urban areas stems from several distinct mechanisms. By re- conceptualizing urbanization as resulting from two distinct mechanisms – natural increase and residual increase, respectively – we examine the impact of types of urbanization on economic growth. We find that while urban residual increase is corelated to economic growth, urbanization due to natural births and deaths is not. The results contribute to existing literature by providing an important insight into the factors behind economic growth and the effects of urbanization.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 71-85
Issue: 1
Volume: 25
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2020.1759447
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2020.1759447
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:25:y:2021:i:1:p:71-85




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jason Hawkins
Author-X-Name-First: Jason
Author-X-Name-Last: Hawkins
Author-Name: S. C. Wirasinghe
Author-X-Name-First: S. C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wirasinghe
Author-Name: J. D. Hunt
Author-X-Name-First: J. D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hunt
Title: Bus headway optimization with consumer surplus as a measure of societal benefit
Abstract: 
 This paper derives the square root bus dispatch optimization developed by Newell from consumer surplus rather than the original cost minimization function. We then extend the model to consider dispatch-variant demand and outline its property relative to the original model by Newell. Demand elasticity is introduced via a multinomial logit mode choice model. Results are tested for City of Edmonton mode choice and ridership. The sensitivity of the function to wait time cost and passenger demand is tested. For the observed passenger demand and value of travel time, our analysis suggests there is a portion of riders who are captive and will suffer increasing wait time costs, but many passengers will make the choice to utilize other modes of travel when faced with increasing bus headways.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 86-103
Issue: 1
Volume: 25
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2020.1730224
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2020.1730224
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:25:y:2021:i:1:p:86-103




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mohammad Nour Al-Marafi
Author-X-Name-First: Mohammad Nour
Author-X-Name-Last: Al-Marafi
Author-Name: Kathirgamalingam Somasundaraswaran
Author-X-Name-First: Kathirgamalingam
Author-X-Name-Last: Somasundaraswaran
Author-Name: Frank Bullen
Author-X-Name-First: Frank
Author-X-Name-Last: Bullen
Title: Development of crash modification factors for intersections in Toowoomba city
Abstract: 
 This research outlines the analytical approaches that may be employed to recommend multiple treatments for application to improve safety level at hazardous intersections in regional areas. Data from 106 intersections in the regional city of Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia were used in modelling and subsequent analysis. Specifically, crash prediction models were developed to estimate crash modification factors that could be used to propose remedial measures. A total of sixteen geometric and operational conditions were used as explanatory variables including the number of legs at an intersection, the availability of entering and exiting via through lanes, the presence of left-turning lanes, right-turning lanes, slip lanes, median islands, traffic control, and speed limits on the feed roads. The Empirical Bayes approach was employed to identify five hazardous intersections in Toowoomba for further investigation. The four most suitable techniques for estimating combined crash modification factors were reviewed and then used to propose effective road safety measures for the five selected hazardous intersections. Finally, this research suggests four future areas worthy of further investigation.Highlights
Estimated the number of road crashes at intersections using crash prediction models.Applied the Empirical Bayes method to identify the most hazardous intersections.Combined crash modifications factors were calculated using various techniques.Identified the effective countermeasures to reduce the road crashes at hazardous intersections.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 104-123
Issue: 1
Volume: 25
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2020.1743739
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2020.1743739
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:25:y:2021:i:1:p:104-123




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maha Samman
Author-X-Name-First: Maha
Author-X-Name-Last: Samman
Title: From moments to durations: the impact of Israeli checkpoints on Palestinian everyday life in Jerusalem
Abstract: 
 The article examines how Israeli checkpoints constructed in the Occupied Palestinian Territory impact the daily lives of Palestinians. As elements of urban segregation and control, and constructed through the implementation of Israeli planning regulations and procedures, these checkpoints signify the dynamics of spatialisation of the West Bank including East Jerusalem. With a focus on the Qalandia checkpoint, located in north Jerusalem, the article discusses how crossing it impacts the temporal aspect of everyday life of Palestinians, creating loops of new experiences that produce elongated journey-times. Actions and reactions while commuting at the checkpoint are analyzed using Foucault’s ideas on Discipline and Lefebvre’s ideas on Rhythmanalysis. Foucault’s ideas help in analyzing how the checkpoint takes part in the wider strategy designed to subjugate Palestinian people through discipline. And the Palestinian rhythms that emerge to handle their experiences are explained within the notions of what Lefebvre theoretically categorized as secret, public, fictional, and dominating-dominated rhythms. The article suggests that the spatial injustice created by the checkpoints through the continuous ‘disciplining’ of people, attempts to induce a repulsive ‘existential temporality’ to affect the Palestinians’ connection to Jerusalem. Nevertheless, Palestinians, through reproduced rhythms, still endure these strategies to maintain their attachment to Jerusalem, as part of their resilience against injustice.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 124-148
Issue: 1
Volume: 25
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2020.1777892
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2020.1777892
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:25:y:2021:i:1:p:124-148




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rose Neng Lai
Author-X-Name-First: Rose Neng
Author-X-Name-Last: Lai
Title: Research for the ‘exciting, dynamic and unique’ Asian markets: a commentary on ‘Future research opportunities for Asian real estate’
Abstract: 
 This article is a commentary on the ‘Future Research Opportunities for Asian Real Estate’ written by Graeme Newell, which suggested new areas of research for the Asian real estate markets. In this article, while agreeing with most of his suggestions, I also suggest an expansion to the list of research in these ‘exciting, dynamic and unique’ Asian markets.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 291-295
Issue: 2
Volume: 25
Year: 2021
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2019.1625804
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2019.1625804
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:25:y:2021:i:2:p:291-295




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sharaf AlKheder
Author-X-Name-First: Sharaf
Author-X-Name-Last: AlKheder
Author-Name: Ahmed Al-Rashidi
Author-X-Name-First: Ahmed
Author-X-Name-Last: Al-Rashidi
Title: Congestion pricing with Genetic Algorithm for delay reduction on urban road network
Abstract: 
 This paper investigated the possibility of applying congestion pricing in order to mitigate the traffic congestion on urban road networks in Kuwait. In order to explore the public support of this idea, a satisfaction study survey had been distributed randomly to road users. Genetic Algorithm (GA) was utilized to design the congestion pricing system as a unit price combinatorial optimization problem. Additionally, network analysis with SYNCHRO simulation software had been applied to examine Kuwait city network overall performance before and after applying congestion pricing. Two different approaches had been introduced: User Equilibrium (UE) and System Optimal Flow (SO). It was concluded that commuters are supporting applying congestion pricing as long as it will guarantee them a lower travel time with less delay. Eventually, the positive impact of congestion pricing on the studied network and the delay reduction was clearly noticed.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 178-192
Issue: 2
Volume: 25
Year: 2021
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2020.1808048
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2020.1808048
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:25:y:2021:i:2:p:178-192




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: JungHo Park
Author-X-Name-First: JungHo
Author-X-Name-Last: Park
Title: Who is hardest hit by a pandemic? Racial disparities in COVID-19 hardship in the U.S.
Abstract: 
 The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted Americans’ lives and livelihoods from a wide range of socioeconomic and public health perspectives, some racial/ethnic groups more profoundly than others. Beyond the statistics of confirmed cases and deaths, however, we do not have sufficient evidence to explain the racial disparity in pandemic hardships. By using the Household Pulse Survey, a nationally representative data timely deployed by the U.S. Census Bureau, this paper measures and examines five dimensions of pandemic hardships – food insufficiency, employment income loss, housing instability, health problem, and school closure – and their racial disparities. This paper finds a pervasive racial disparity across those individual hardships as well as compounded types of hardships (e.g. income loss with food insufficiency at the same time), with commonly higher odds of experiencing hardship for non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics than non-Hispanic whites. The effects of small business closures and reopening policy are unequal across racial/ethnic groups, implying that non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics may be left behind the benefits from state reopening and socioeconomic recovery. These findings can shed new light on the role of demographic and socioeconomic characteristics as well as statewide contextual variables in explaining racial disparities in the pandemic hardships and suggest new possibilities for COVID-19 research.Highlights
The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted Americans’ lives from a wide range of socioeconomic and public health perspectivesRisk of experiencing pandemic hardships – food insufficiency, employment income loss, housing instability, health problem, and school closure – is higher for non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics than non-Hispanic whitesPervasive racial disparities exist across compounded types of hardships, including income loss with food insufficiency at the same timeThe effects of small business closures and reopening policy are unequal across racial/ethnic groupsNon-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics may be left behind the socioeconomic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 149-177
Issue: 2
Volume: 25
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2021.1877566
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2021.1877566
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Graeme Newell
Author-X-Name-First: Graeme
Author-X-Name-Last: Newell
Title: Future research opportunities for Asian real estate
Abstract: 
 Recent years have seen considerable growth in the Asian real estate markets; for both the developed and emerging markets. This has given rise to exciting research opportunities in many areas of Asian real estate; where often these markets have unique real estate characteristics that need to be more fully understood. This has been further supported by the improved quality of real estate information for these Asian markets. This paper will review some of these research opportunities for Asian real estate; these opportunities will cover real estate market dynamics, alternate real estate sectors, REITs, development sites, real estate transparency, real estate in emerging markets, infrastructure, sustainability and the changing nature of work and real estate. The critical research issues in achieving this research agenda are also identified.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 272-290
Issue: 2
Volume: 25
Year: 2021
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2019.1596039
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2019.1596039
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:25:y:2021:i:2:p:272-290




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jungseok Seo
Author-X-Name-First: Jungseok
Author-X-Name-Last: Seo
Author-Name: Jihun Oh
Author-X-Name-First: Jihun
Author-X-Name-Last: Oh
Author-Name: Jeongseob Kim
Author-X-Name-First: Jeongseob
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim
Title: Flood risk awareness and property values: evidences from Seoul, South Korea
Abstract: 
 There is ongoing debate about flood risk discounts regarding property values. While some researchers claim that housing prices reflect flood risk, a growing body of literature has shown that flood risk is quickly forgotten after a flood event, and risk discounts are minimal in the long term. This study provides new evidence of flood risk discounts, with an emphasis on the role of flood risk awareness based on the case of Seoul, South Korea. This paper empirically examines how flood risk discounts vary depending on past flood experiences, and analyzes whether they are affected by the disclosure of inundation hazard maps. According to the results, flood risk discounts are disproportionally higher in districts with severe past flood experiences, but interestingly, there is no evidence that negative disclosure effects of hazard information on property values exist. These findings imply that home buyers carefully consider flood risk in their housing transactions in high flood risk areas, even before hazard maps become available, possibly because having flood insurance is rare in South Korea. Understanding the relationship between flood risk awareness and risk discounts in terms of property values has vital implications for disaster management policies as they relate to cities’ resilience.HIGHLIGHTS
The flood risk discount in property values could be affected by the risk awareness.The risk discount is disproportionally high in areas with severe flooding experience.Negative disclosure effects of hazard map on property values do not exist in Seoul.Hazard disclosure could be actively used considering the level of the risk awareness.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 233-251
Issue: 2
Volume: 25
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2020.1850324
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2020.1850324
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jacqueline Olvera
Author-X-Name-First: Jacqueline
Author-X-Name-Last: Olvera
Author-Name: Stacey A. Sutton
Author-X-Name-First: Stacey A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Sutton
Title: An organizational ecology approach to new food marts in New York City neighbourhoods
Abstract: 
 Global forces have disrupted local businesses across cities, but neighbourhood convenience stores and small grocery stores have proven to be resilient in the face of economic and institutional pressures. In this paper, we integrate urban retail and organizational ecology perspectives and examine small independently-owned convenience and grocery stores, colloquially referred to as food marts, as organizational populations that develop and persist in neighbourhoods across multiple decades. Drawing on data from the National Establishment Time Series database and the Decennial Census, we argue that a nonlinear relationship exists between the number of existing food marts and the emergence of new food marts. Furthermore, we examine how conditions such as the presence of chain stores, neighbourhood socio-economic conditions and ethno-racial composition affect the likelihood that new food marts will emerge in neighbourhoods. Our results show that the emergence of new food marts in neighbourhoods is strongly influenced by the existing number of similar firm types. In other words, we find that competition among new food marts strongly predicts the extent to which small food marts remain in neighbourhoods. The value our study is that we look beyond the individual firm and ask whether the entire population is at risk, for example when chain stores are present.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 252-271
Issue: 2
Volume: 25
Year: 2021
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2020.1804988
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2020.1804988
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xing Gao
Author-X-Name-First: Xing
Author-X-Name-Last: Gao
Title: The impact of density, distance and division on intellectual property rights protection: the case of Huaihai Economic Zone, China
Abstract: 
 Although intellectual property rights (IPRs) protection is often discussed at national level, it may also present spatial difference at sub-national level due to regional economic development inequality in geographic space. The paper explores the empirical impact of 3Ds (Density, Distances and Division) framework of the 2009 World Development Report on spatial heterogeneity of IPRs protection within 20 cities in Huaihai Economic Zone (HEZ), China. Endogeneity and spatial effect issues are discussed in the study. This study not only employs OLS to examine the effects of spatial heterogeneity on IPRs protection, but also uses two-stage least squares regression (2SLS) and spatial effects to address endogeneity and neighbour issues respectively. Econometric results indicate that distance plays an important role in disparities of IPRs protection, especially distances to provincial capitals. However, the role of Xuzhou, the central city of HEZ, is not highlighted. The positive effect of density can help us understand IPRs protection and its significant role proves the existence of agglomeration, but due to the small sample size, we have to treat its effect carefully. Meanwhile, the results on division demonstrate the negative impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) and the existence of low quality FDI in Huaihai Economic Zone. In addition, the above conclusions continue to be held by interaction variables, and time dummies indicate that HEZ has been committed to the development of IPRs protection in recent years. Finally, these results have a strong policy implication for economic agglomeration, economic integration and central city development in HEZ.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 208-232
Issue: 2
Volume: 25
Year: 2021
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2020.1810106
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2020.1810106
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:25:y:2021:i:2:p:208-232




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hyunho Chang
Author-X-Name-First: Hyunho
Author-X-Name-Last: Chang
Author-Name: Dongjoo Park
Author-X-Name-First: Dongjoo
Author-X-Name-Last: Park
Title: Surveying annual average daily traffic volumes using the trip connectivity function of vehicle GPS in an urban road network
Abstract: 
 Vehicle-trajectory big data, collected through vehicle-GPS systems, is one of key information sources for road traffic volumes because the vehicle-trajectory volume represents a certain portion of the total traffic volume. This renders a promising opportunity in surveying annual average daily traffic (AADT) volumes. Devising viable means of surveying AADT volumes for all road segments with limited budgets and resources remains one of the main challenges in urban transportation studies. This paper proposes a new methodology for directly surveying AADT volumes using vehicle-GPS trajectory data. The methodology consists of two sub-methods: a nonlinear spatial clustering method based on trip connectivity between observed road sections and a target road section for selecting effective road sections from a road network, and a direct conversion method to understand the nonlinear relationship between the annual average daily probe (AADP) volumes and the observed AADT volumes for the selected road sections, with the subsequent expansion of the AADP volume of the target road section into the AADT volume. In a case study with real-world vehicle-GPS trajectory data, the performance of the method was found to be highly acceptable for actual applications in terms of its estimation accuracy. Therefore, it appears that the proposed method is and will be feasible in the present and near future.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 193-207
Issue: 2
Volume: 25
Year: 2021
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2020.1816206
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2020.1816206
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:25:y:2021:i:2:p:193-207




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Miyoung Bhin
Author-X-Name-First: Miyoung
Author-X-Name-Last: Bhin
Author-Name: Seulki Son
Author-X-Name-First: Seulki
Author-X-Name-Last: Son
Title: Reduction and reallocation of bus use under COVID-19: an analysis of bus card data of Gyeonggi Province, South Korea
Abstract: 
 COVID-19 pandemic is escalating. People suffer from fear of the infection. Infection happens between people in ordinary occasions. People try to reduce the exposure to the public. This leads to changes of travel behaviour in daily life. It is required to expect what will happen to travel behaviour under pandemic. The paper aims to develop a method to characterize changes of travel behaviour under pandemic by examining changes of bus use frequency in response to COVID-19. To this end, the paper analyses bus use frequency at individual bus stops of Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. A set of mathematical models are established to summarize the bus use frequency distribution across bus stops and its change under COVID-19. A power-law distribution model has been adopted to develop the model. The analysis results convey social meanings. The findings are following. First, total bus use frequency of the study area has been reduced much. The frequency change primarily responded to the number of newly confirmed cases announced by the country’s disease control authority. Secondly, the bus use frequency distribution across bus stops follows a power function. The bus stops of upper 20% frequency reduced much more than those of lower 80% frequency did. Thirdly, and most importantly, even in the pandemic period, the bus use frequency increased at some bus stops. The bus stops of the lower 80% frequency mainly located in the peripheral area of the region more often observed the frequency increment than the bus stops of upper 20% frequency did. The consequence is the reallocation of bus use between central and peripheral bus stops. These results suggest important implications to the future transportation services policy under the long lasting and/or recursive pandemic.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 416-436
Issue: 3
Volume: 25
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2021.1936137
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2021.1936137
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:25:y:2021:i:3:p:416-436




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Davy Janssens
Author-X-Name-First: Davy
Author-X-Name-Last: Janssens
Author-Name: Chang-Hyeon Joh
Author-X-Name-First: Chang-Hyeon
Author-X-Name-Last: Joh
Title: Editorial
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 297-298
Issue: 3
Volume: 25
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2021.1956715
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2021.1956715
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:25:y:2021:i:3:p:297-298




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rosa Arroyo
Author-X-Name-First: Rosa
Author-X-Name-Last: Arroyo
Author-Name: Lidón Mars
Author-X-Name-First: Lidón
Author-X-Name-Last: Mars
Author-Name: Tomás Ruiz
Author-X-Name-First: Tomás
Author-X-Name-Last: Ruiz
Title: Activity Participation and wellbeing during the covid-19 lockdown in Spain
Abstract: 
 On March 14, 2020, the Spanish authorities declared a lockdown to bending the Covid-19 pandemic curve. People were asked to stay at home as much as possible, students were obliged to attend classes on-line, civil servants were also required to tele-work, and any work activity that could be carried out from home was recommended to do so as well. Non-essential activities like theatres, restaurants, gyms, etc., were closed. Only work that could not be carried out at home, grocery shopping, taking care of others, walking the dog, visiting the doctor, do banking, and a few more out-of-home activities were allowed. Out-of-home leisure and social activities were not permitted at all. Such limitations of out-of-home activities could influence the wellbeing of people. The present study aims to analyse the wellbeing of people considering the limitations of out-of-home activities during the lockdown.Data collected through a web-survey from 1,653 participants is studied in this paper. The information analysed is related to the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence and relatedness) and positive and negative affect. Activity-travel data and sociodemographic characteristics are also considered. Mann–Whitney U tests, Confirmatory Factor Analyses and Structural Equation models are used to find out differences in the wellbeing of people according to their out-of-home activity characteristics, and how these activity characteristics are associated to the psychological variables studied.Findings suggest that those who mostly spent their out-of-home time working felt slightly better. However, as time working increased, more negative affect and autonomy frustration appeared. On the other hand, more time doing grocery shopping was associated with positive feelings. In general, women felt somewhat worse, and older participants felt a bit better during the lockdown. Employed respondents felt better than their unemployed counterparts. Some lessons are learned to improve urban planning during a pandemic.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 386-415
Issue: 3
Volume: 25
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2021.1925144
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2021.1925144
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Moon-Hyun Kim
Author-X-Name-First: Moon-Hyun
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim
Author-Name: Jiwon Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Jiwon
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Author-Name: Tae-Hyoung Tommy Gim
Author-X-Name-First: Tae-Hyoung Tommy
Author-X-Name-Last: Gim
Title: How did travel mode choices change according to Coronavirus Disease 2019? Lessons from Seoul, South Korea
Abstract: 
 The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is believed to have substantially changed travel mode choices. While current urban transit policies and plans aim at higher public transit ridership, the negative perception that transit is unsafe increases in line with the spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) because of its higher risk in cases in which so-called 3C conditions are met: crowded areas, close-contact settings, and closed places. Thus, this study empirically examines how the perception of urban spaces changed by COVID-19 and how it influenced the choice of travel modes, accordingly, in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, South Korea. A structural equation model presents that changes in individual cognition and positive perception of policy changes during COVID-19 changes their perception of multi-use facilities negatively compared to before the COVID-19 outbreak. The negative perception is found to result in changes in travel mode choices by decreasing public transit ridership. Analytical findings show that intrinsic utility (i.e. risk perception) is revealed as a major determinant to understand travel mode choice. Also, in relation to the limitations of the current metropolitan transit system, the findings provide policy implications in the aspect of preventive measures and promoting micro-mobility for post-COVID-19 transit.Highlights
The behavioural change under the pandemic is caused by fear of infection.Risk perception on public transit is affected negatively due to COVID-19.The increased risk perception leads to a reduction in public transit use.Risk perception is a major determinant to understand travel mode choice.Promoting micro-mobility will enhance the city's resilience during a pandemic.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 437-454
Issue: 3
Volume: 25
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2021.1951823
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2021.1951823
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:25:y:2021:i:3:p:437-454




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jody Liu
Author-X-Name-First: Jody
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Author-Name: James Gross
Author-X-Name-First: James
Author-X-Name-Last: Gross
Author-Name: Jaehyun Ha
Author-X-Name-First: Jaehyun
Author-X-Name-Last: Ha
Title: Is travel behaviour an equity issue? Using GPS location data to assess the effects of income and supermarket availability on travel reduction during the COVID-19 pandemic
Abstract: 
 With recent research identifying mobility restrictions for alleviating the spread of COVID-19, governments have implemented stay-at-home measures, which in turn produced significant changes in people's travel behaviours. Despite these orders, however, people still have to make trips for work or to acquire essential goods. To better understand how these necessary trips influenced changes in individual mobility due to the pandemic, this study focused on the relationship between trip frequency and distance to median incomes, as well as between trip frequency and distance to supermarket density. We made use of the University of Maryland COVID-19 Impact Analysis Platform as our primary source for GPS travel data to study mobility changes at the county-level across the U.S.A. Results showed that trip frequency and distance were significantly different before the outbreak of COVID-19 and during three peak periods of COVID-19 infection. Specifically, we found the reduction of both frequency and distance of trips is negatively correlated to both median income and supermarket density. Thus we conclude that individual choice in adherence to staying-at-home is less dependent on the lockdown measures and more influenced by financial capacity and access to necessary goods and services. These findings could help inform policy development and programmatic responses to help people reduce their mobility. For example, government authorities might consider monthly stimulus or other financial support programs that would allow people greater access to delivery services. In the future, urban planners and policymakers should address the root causes that lead to such economic disparities and food insecurities, in order to build resilience in the face of possible future pandemics.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 366-385
Issue: 3
Volume: 25
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2021.1952890
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2021.1952890
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:25:y:2021:i:3:p:366-385




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Muhammad Ahsanul Habib
Author-X-Name-First: Muhammad Ahsanul
Author-X-Name-Last: Habib
Author-Name: Md Asif Hasan Anik
Author-X-Name-First: Md Asif Hasan
Author-X-Name-Last: Anik
Title: Examining the long term impacts of COVID-19 using an integrated transport and land-use modelling system
Abstract: 
 This paper investigates the long-term impacts of COVID-19 on transport and land-use systems through understanding changes in households’ long-term choices, such as residential location choice, travel tool ownership and type choice. For that, it first develops two possible scenarios, which are, (i) without COVID-19 pandemic, (ii) with COVID-19 pandemic. Specific behavioural attributes of households associated with each scenario are modelled and simulated up to the year 2030 within an integrated transport, land-use and energy (iTLE) model. iTLE is an agent-based microsimulation model developed for Nova Scotia, Canada. Results show that, if COVID-19 persists, most people who do not own a car will continue restraining themselves from purchasing one up to the year 2027. Most households having heads aged between 30 and 75 years and a yearly income above $100,000 will purchase new vehicles in year 2022, making the vehicle purchase rate doubled in the province. In terms of vehicle type choice decision, the use of SUVs will increase by 25% and 27% by 2025 and 2030, respectively, compared to year 2020. The pandemic will cause a 0%–74% increase in vehicle ownership in suburban areas by 2030. Additionally, the ability to ‘work from home’ and online school facilities may influence people to live further away from downtown. The results of this study will offer transport and land-use planners insights into how households’ long-term decision making may evolve in the future due to the COVID-19 crisis and help develop policies to continue focusing on the sustainability goals for communities.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 323-346
Issue: 3
Volume: 25
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2021.1951821
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2021.1951821
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:25:y:2021:i:3:p:323-346




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Abbas Ziafati Bafarasat
Author-X-Name-First: Abbas
Author-X-Name-Last: Ziafati Bafarasat
Title: Meta-synthesis of COVID-19 lessons: charting sustainable management of future pandemics
Abstract: 
 Development of the COVID-19 vaccines has been creating a lot of hope for an ultimate return to normality, but returning to normality as we had before would mean we will continue to ignore life-ravaging lessons, as we did for severe acute respiratory syndrome, Ebola, and Middle East respiratory syndrome. This meta-synthesis of COVID-19 lessons charts sustainable pandemic management in terms of choosing strategies that are situated in their contextual specifications and beginning preparations for future application of such strategies from now. To guide selection of a situated strategy, the paper provides a comprehensive list of epidemiological determinants (e.g. communicativeness, poverty, supply chain, density, wind, remoteness); consolidates knowledge about strategies of elimination, suppression and mitigation; and proposes a quantified SWOT analysis of epidemiological determinants that produces coordinates for strategy identification in a Cartesian plane divided into twelve strategy quarters. To guide prior preparations for future application of pandemic management strategies, the paper consolidates lessons learned in implementation of situated strategies and proposes preparations at the national level for elimination, at the local/community level for suppression, and at the regional level for mitigation.Highlights
Lessons of COVID-19 (coronavirus) chart sustainable management of future pandemicsEpidemiological determinants and their mechanisms of impact are listedKnowledge about elimination, suppression and mitigation strategies is consolidatedA quantified SWOT and Cartesian plane enable selecting context-specific strategiesPreparations for future elimination, suppression and mitigation are listed
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 299-322
Issue: 3
Volume: 25
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2021.1936136
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2021.1936136
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:25:y:2021:i:3:p:299-322




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hakan Yilmazkuday
Author-X-Name-First: Hakan
Author-X-Name-Last: Yilmazkuday
Title: Unequal welfare costs of staying at home across socioeconomic and demographic groups
Abstract: 
 Using daily census block group level data from the U.S., this paper investigates the welfare costs of staying at home due to COVID-19 across socioeconomic and demographic groups. The investigation is based on an economic model of which implications suggest that the welfare costs of staying at home increase with the stay-at-home probabilities of individuals. The empirical results provide evidence for significant heterogeneity across census block groups regarding the welfare effects of staying at home. This heterogeneity is further used to obtain measures of welfare changes for different socioeconomic and demographic groups at the national level.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 347-365
Issue: 3
Volume: 25
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2021.1951822
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2021.1951822
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:25:y:2021:i:3:p:347-365




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ratna Ayu Komalawati
Author-X-Name-First: Ratna Ayu
Author-X-Name-Last: Komalawati
Author-Name: Jaebin Lim
Author-X-Name-First: Jaebin
Author-X-Name-Last: Lim
Title: Reality of compact development in a developing country: focusing on perceived quality of life in Jakarta, Indonesia
Abstract: 
 Recent urban planning tends to encourage higher density assuming that density would increase urban quality of life (UQoL) and sustainability. However, in the developing world, numerous primate cities are already highly densified. For example, Jakarta's density is over 1,500 people/ha. The population grew from 6.5 million in 1980 to 10 million in 2015. Jakarta's urban area also expanded to neighbouring jurisdictions including Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi and became a metropolitan area with 23 million people. Although Jakarta is dense, it is inefficient, causing Jakarta to encourage more compact development to improve quality of life (QoL) and sustainability from 2005. Yet, the relationship between compactness and QoL has remained unquestioned. This study aimed to investigate the perceived QoL of citizens living in three types of neighbourhood – high density and high mixed-use (HH), high density and low mixed-use (HL), and low density and high mixed-use (LH). This study finds that residents in LH find QoL to be higher compared with other types of residents. It also reveals that mixed use plays a more important role in improving residents’ QoL than does density. In addition, social cohesion and inter-personal relationships are more likely to occur in LH. High density tends to lead to lower QoL. This study calls for revisiting our beliefs in high density and more in-depth studies on the relationship between urban form and QoL.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 542-573
Issue: 4
Volume: 25
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2020.1803106
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2020.1803106
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:25:y:2021:i:4:p:542-573




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yeol Choi
Author-X-Name-First: Yeol
Author-X-Name-Last: Choi
Author-Name: David W. Marcouiller
Author-X-Name-First: David W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Marcouiller
Author-Name: Hyun Kim
Author-X-Name-First: Hyun
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim
Author-Name: Jaesong Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Jaesong
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Author-Name: Sungho Park
Author-X-Name-First: Sungho
Author-X-Name-Last: Park
Title: What drives survival of urban firms? An asset-based approach in Korea
Abstract: 
 In this study we examine the effect of internal firm assets and external firm assets on firm survival in a metropolitan region of South Korea during a 22-year period (1990–2012). Drawing upon secondary data for three urban firm types (manufacturing, construction, and service), we apply a spatial Cox proportional hazard model and time series intervention to examine empirical associations. Results suggest that larger and older firms positively contributed to stronger regional economic outcome. Further, those in close spatial proximity to related firms survived longer. Increased survival of urban firms is associated with firm capacities in the context of external economic shocks.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 574-592
Issue: 4
Volume: 25
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2020.1867624
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2020.1867624
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:25:y:2021:i:4:p:574-592




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Avishai (Avi) Ceder
Author-X-Name-First: Avishai (Avi)
Author-X-Name-Last: Ceder
Title: Urban mobility and public transport: future perspectives and review
Abstract: 
 The purpose of this work is to review urban transportation likely to be offered in the future. Trip-making behaviour has already changed considerably as lifestyles change and they will continue to change in the future. This work reflects and places emphasis on profound thinking about the possibilities, rather than predicting them. Thoughts about possibilities for the future draw upon imagination, perceived and justified feasibility, and lessons gained from the past. This work attempts to capture the possibilities, logistics and travel modes of future urban transportation. A visionary, feasibility-related approach grounded in a realist perspective is proposed, only conceptually, to explore plausible visions for the future. In addition, this work shows the inefficiency of using private cars (PCs) and argues that in the development of autonomous and electric vehicles, PCs cannot provide a solution competitive with the potential that urban transportation systems have for the future. Hence, the solutions for the future must be based on public transport (PT) modes of travel, regardless of whether they are metro, bus, light rail, tram, ridesharing services, an ordinary taxi, personal rapid transit, or any other PT-based future mode. The key principal of operation for the mobility of a smart city will be the ability to optimize the connectivity of movement in order to approach a seamless move, while endowing the phrase door-to-door travel with new meaning. Finally, it would be remiss not to mention the unforeseeable implications of the Covid-19 pandemic for future mobility, more controllable by automation of non-privately owned vehicle, and with the prospect of people demonstrating a greater inclination towards changing their habits, behaviour, and thinking paradigms.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 455-479
Issue: 4
Volume: 25
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2020.1799846
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2020.1799846
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yen-Lien T. Nguyen
Author-X-Name-First: Yen-Lien T.
Author-X-Name-Last: Nguyen
Author-Name: Anh-Tuan Le
Author-X-Name-First: Anh-Tuan
Author-X-Name-Last: Le
Author-Name: Khanh Nguyen Duc
Author-X-Name-First: Khanh Nguyen
Author-X-Name-Last: Duc
Author-Name: Vinh Nguyen Duy
Author-X-Name-First: Vinh Nguyen
Author-X-Name-Last: Duy
Author-Name: Cong Doan Nguyen
Author-X-Name-First: Cong Doan
Author-X-Name-Last: Nguyen
Title: A study on emission and fuel consumption of motorcycles in idle mode and the impacts on air quality in Hanoi, Vietnam
Abstract: 
 This study aims to develop the models of emission and fuel consumption during idling of motorcycles (MCs) in Hanoi, including the unsteady and steady idling stages. Five MC models commonly used in Hanoi were selected to measure the instantaneous emission and fuel consumption rates under the controlled conditions at the laboratory conditions. The instantaneous emission and fuel consumption models during idling were developed for the test MCs in the unsteady idling stage. The R2 of obtained models are higher than 0.9. The average emission and fuel consumption rates in the steady idling stages were determined. The average idling emissions of pollutants CO, CO2, HC and NOx were 60.9, 534.3, 10.3 and 1.8 g/h, respectively. The average fuel loss during idling is around 180 g/h. The emission released from the MC fleet in Hanoi during idling was estimated for the year 2018. The total idling emissions from the MC fleet of 3.9 million vehicles in the year 2018 of CO, CO2, HC and NOx were 6.5, 57.1, 1.1 and 0.2 kt, respectively. The total fuel loss during idling of the MC fleet in 2018 was ∼19.3 kt. The air pollutants eliminated in the idle mode as CO, CO2, HC and NOx contributed 2.23%, 3.19%, 1.14% and 1.03%, respectively, of the total emission from the MC fleet in Hanoi.Abbreviations: CVT: continuously variable transmission; TWC: three-way catalytic; CVS: constant volume sampler; FR: fuel consumption rate; IR: infrared sensor; MC: motorcycle
HighlightsThe difference in the fuel used between steady and unsteady idle stages was identified.The instantaneous emission and fuel used models for unsteady idling were developed.The total fuel loss during idling of the motorcycle fleet in Hanoi was estimated.The total pollutant during idling of the motorcycle fleet in Hanoi was calculated.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 522-541
Issue: 4
Volume: 25
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2020.1871059
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2020.1871059
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nicholas A. Phelps
Author-X-Name-First: Nicholas A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Phelps
Title: City systems research: from morphology to relationality and positionality
Abstract: 
 Making reference to the ‘old’ concept of megalopolis I glance back to identify a future research agenda on city systems. Megalopolis happens to be not just a convenient scale around which to organize discussion but also a concept more seminal in its ‘putative relationality’ than often appreciated. The concept contains important seeds of subsequent and future research on city systems more generally or else prompts them to the extent that the scale of urbanization and functional urban relations may now exceed it. I suggest five themes within this agenda that speak to the underplayed and emergent (1) morphological, (2) informational, (3) incubatory, (4) relational properties of megalopolitan systems and how the latter property of city systems promises (5) a positionalist perspective that reaches beyond urban economic organization at the megalopolitan scale. I note in conclusion the possible additional benefits of this agenda in promoting a measure of intra- and inter-disciplinary dialogue on a subject otherwise characterized by fragmentation.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 480-500
Issue: 4
Volume: 25
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2019.1637274
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2019.1637274
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:25:y:2021:i:4:p:480-500




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Correction
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: iii-iii
Issue: 4
Volume: 25
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2021.1876369
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2021.1876369
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Peng Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Peng
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Yanru Pu
Author-X-Name-First: Yanru
Author-X-Name-Last: Pu
Title: Does urbanization impact the municipal infrastructure operation GHG emission? According to a systematic estimation framework
Abstract: 
 Under the unprecedentedly rapid urbanization development in China, municipal infrastructure GHG emission becomes substantially significant nowadays. Thus, this study evaluated the entire IOE (Municipal infrastructure operation GHG emission) and explored the impacts of urbanization on IOE using the dataset from 2001 to 2010 in Suzhou city. The calculation results showed that the total IOE increased during 2001–2006 but declined during 2006–2010, garbage disposal was the biggest emitter in municipal infrastructures. It has also been found that demographic urbanization and land urbanization were both positively correlated to IOE. In consensus with previous studies, GRDP (Gross regional domestic product) per capita and energy intensity, respectively, exert positive and negative impacts on IOE. Based on these conclusions, policy implications for IOE reduction have been suggested.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 501-521
Issue: 4
Volume: 25
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2020.1798273
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2020.1798273
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yanru Pu
Author-X-Name-First: Yanru
Author-X-Name-Last: Pu
Author-Name: Yuyi Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Yuyi
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Peng Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Peng
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Title: Driving effects of urbanization on city-level carbon dioxide emissions: from multiple perspectives of urbanization
Abstract: 
 Cities have emerged as ‘first responders’ in carbon dioxide emission reduction. However, it is a great dilemma for cities to reach high urbanization level and achieve carbon dioxide emission reduction. Chinese cities are in high speed of urbanization process both in urban-rural population structure change and land-use change. Although there are a large body of research studies exploring urbanization-carbon dioxide emission nexus, some limitations remain. Firstly, most research studies only one-sidedly define urbanization as demographic urbanization, but fail to focus on its land-use change; secondly, present studies more tend to reveal the relationship between urbanization and carbon dioxide emissions, but do not recognize main contributors. Thus, this study aims to explore the urbanization-carbon dioxide emission nexus in South Jiang Province during 2000–2016. Panel data model and impulse response function based on a vector autoregression (VAR) model are established as the methodology framework. Expressly, urban built-up area, entire built-up area and urban road area are selected to depict land-use change in urbanization process. The results indicate that population and gross regional domestic product (GRDP) are positively correlated with carbon dioxide emissions. The entire built-up area and urban road area are positively correlated with carbon dioxide emissions, while urban built-up area is negatively correlated with carbon dioxide emissions. However, there is little evidence to support the connection between demographic urbanization and carbon dioxide emissions. It is proved that all independent variables impact CO2 emissions in the long run in South Jiangsu Province. Importantly, population and GRDP remain the main contributors of carbon dioxide emissions, compared with urbanization. As such, it is more necessary for South Jiangsu Province to control the upsurge economy and population, especially the migration population. Concentrating compact city development is also critical. These policy implications are also for other Chinese cities.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 108-128
Issue: 1
Volume: 26
Year: 2022
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2020.1803105
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2020.1803105
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jennifer Clark
Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer
Author-X-Name-Last: Clark
Title: Reframing deindustrialization
Abstract: 
 Mapping and analysing the processes of deindustrialization is core to the project of regional economic development and arguably, economic geography. The evolution in the field itself often follows an iterative path adding insights on specific regions and industries that have a long history at the core of regional economic analyses. Students are trained in the field by conducting empirical work – data collection and original analysis – on the experiences of regions and industries as they work through industrial transformations. Canonical articles on iconic industries have become the shared language of this multidisciplinary field focused on the spatial distribution of economic activity and how (and why) it changes over time. This article comments on Andy Pike's recent ‘Coping with Deindustrialization in the Global North and Global South’ which shifts our attention back to theorizing deindustrialization rather than simply documenting it.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 29-35
Issue: 1
Volume: 26
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2020.1843524
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2020.1843524
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert Hassink
Author-X-Name-First: Robert
Author-X-Name-Last: Hassink
Title: Is geographical political economy the only/right framework for understanding and explaining deindustrialization in the regions of the Global North and South?
Abstract: 
 In his recent article, Andy Pike (2020a) rightly asks for the need for theorizing on deindustrialization not only in the Global North, but in the Global South, as well. He also rightly points at fragmentation and compartmentalization in urban and regional studies, hindering sound analyses of these processes and proposes geographical political economy to economic evolution as an integrated framework. With some limitations, that framework might be useful to get an overall picture of the reasons behind deindustrialization in the Global North and South. However, it helps much less in doing sound empirical research on context-specific, place-sensitive cases of deindustrialization and related restructuring processes for three main reasons. First, it does not consider enough other potentially useful perspectives and approaches, secondly, it lacks powerful mid-range theories and concepts and thirdly, it is too much rooted in the UK and North America.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 23-28
Issue: 1
Volume: 26
Year: 2022
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2020.1775110
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2020.1775110
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hsun-Ping Hsieh
Author-X-Name-First: Hsun-Ping
Author-X-Name-Last: Hsieh
Author-Name: Fandel Lin
Author-X-Name-First: Fandel
Author-X-Name-Last: Lin
Title: Recommending taxi routes with an advance reservation – a multi-criteria route planner
Abstract: 
 In this paper, we propose a multi-criteria route recommendation framework that considers real-time spatial–temporal predictions and traffic network information, aiming to optimize a taxi driver’s profit when considering an advance reservation. Our framework consists of four components. First, we build a grid-based road network graph for modelling traffic network information during the search process. Next, we conduct two prediction modules that adopt advanced deep learning techniques to guide proper search directions in the final planning stage. One module, taxi demand prediction, is used to estimate the pick-up probabilities of passengers in the city. Another one is destination prediction, which can predict the distribution of drop-off probabilities and capture the flow of potential passengers. Finally, we propose J* (J-star) algorithm, which jointly considers pick-up probabilities, drop-off distribution, road network, distance, and time factors based on the attentive heuristic function. Compared with existing route planning methods, the experimental results on a real-world dataset have shown our proposed approach is more effective and robust. Moreover, our designed search scheme in J* can decrease the computing time and make the search process more efficient. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that focuses on designing a guiding route, which can increase the income of taxi drivers when they have an advance reservation.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 162-183
Issue: 1
Volume: 26
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2021.1894474
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2021.1894474
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:26:y:2022:i:1:p:162-183




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andy Pike
Author-X-Name-First: Andy
Author-X-Name-Last: Pike
Title: Coping with deindustrialization in the global North and South
Abstract: 
 Deindustrialization is central to the renewed concern with the social and spatial inequalities and political-economic discontent evident in so-called left behind places in the global North since the 2008 global financial crisis. Yet coping with deindustrialization and its impacts is now a more internationalized concern, extending geographically across the global South. Urban and regional studies remain fragmented and compartmentalized in conceptual, theoretical and geographical terms, constraining attempts to develop and deepen understanding, explanation and policy formulation for deindustrialization internationally. Seeking to foster engagement, dialogue and mutual learning, this paper outlines a geographical political economy approach to economic evolution and focus on geographically differentiated pathways and institutions, suggests areas for cross-national policy learning and identifies future research directions. While rooted in and coming from a particular geographical and temporal setting, geographical political economy makes a substantive contribution to explaining and responding to deindustrialization in the global North and South.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 1-22
Issue: 1
Volume: 26
Year: 2022
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2020.1730225
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2020.1730225
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:26:y:2022:i:1:p:1-22




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hyojung Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Hyojung
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Title: Are Millennials leaving town? Reconciling peak Millennials and youthification hypotheses
Abstract: 
 Are Millennials leaving town? Yes, they are. Are young adults leaving town? No, they are not. The seemingly contradicting answers are due to the fact that age and birth cohort are distinct concepts. Showing how these two phenomena can coexist, this paper aims to provide detailed and timely information on how Millennials are faring compared to previous generations in the United States. Using the 1962–2019 Current Population Survey (CPS), the paper first analyzes the current status of Millennials, in terms of various demographic and socio-economic dimensions, and compares them with those of older generations at the same ages. The results indicate that Millennials did experience delays in transition into adulthood, but they have started to catch up in recent years. Then this paper examines the residential location of young adults and Millennials across metropolitan status, and across urban and suburban areas of the largest 50 Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) in the United States. The analysis based on the confidential version of the 2006–2019 American Community Survey (ACS) microdata confirms that the early Millennials have started to migrate from urban to suburban areas, consistent with the peak Millennial hypothesis, and that the urban presence of young adults has increased over time, consistent with the youthification hypothesis. Reconciling the two hypotheses, this paper discusses the implications of ongoing demographic shifts for the future urban landscape.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 68-86
Issue: 1
Volume: 26
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2020.1871061
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2020.1871061
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:26:y:2022:i:1:p:68-86




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Heike Marquart
Author-X-Name-First: Heike
Author-X-Name-Last: Marquart
Author-Name: Uwe Schlink
Author-X-Name-First: Uwe
Author-X-Name-Last: Schlink
Author-Name: S. M. Shiva Nagendra
Author-X-Name-First: S. M. Shiva
Author-X-Name-Last: Nagendra
Title: Complementing mobile measurements with Walking Interviews: a case study on personal exposure of commuters in Chennai, India
Abstract: 
 When commuters move around the city they are exposed to different environmental stressors, of which air and noise pollution have an especially adverse physical and mental health impact. Most exposure research uses sensor data (stationary or wearable) or closed questionnaires to measure personal exposure. However, these methods do not give insight into on-site perceptions of exposed individuals and their related behaviour. To address this, we discuss (1) existing methods to research perceived and measured exposure in transit and (2) introduce a novel mixed-method approach, which we tested in a case study in Chennai, India. We used Walking Interviews and GPS-tracking to investigate perceptions and behaviour regarding air and noise pollution on the move and combined it with data of wearable sensors. The results show that the perception of air and noise pollution is highly context-dependent. This mixed-method approach is advantageous for an investigation of perceived and objective exposure and the related behavioural patterns while moving around the city. Such qualitative and quantitative exposure data of commuters can be spatially visualized and communicated to decision-makers with help of qualitative geographic information system (GIS) approaches. We argue that the potential of this mixed-methods approach to support healthier daily commutes in urban areas should be further elaborated in urban and transport-related studies.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 148-161
Issue: 1
Volume: 26
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2020.1871060
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2020.1871060
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:26:y:2022:i:1:p:148-161




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shih-Kung Lai
Author-X-Name-First: Shih-Kung
Author-X-Name-Last: Lai
Author-Name: Hsiao-Lei Liu
Author-X-Name-First: Hsiao-Lei
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Author-Name: I.-Chih Lan
Author-X-Name-First: I.-Chih
Author-X-Name-Last: Lan
Title: Planning for urban redevelopment: a transaction cost approach
Abstract: 
 Urban redevelopment incurs a significant amount of transaction cost that needs planning to cope with. Planning is conceived of here as either public intervention or information gathering to reduce transaction costs mainly due to uncertainties. In this paper, we propose a conceptual model of the urban redevelopment process in the complex, self-organizing city and use the case of Taipei City to argue for the necessity of planning in that process. In particular, through a field survey and three focal group meetings, we found that though the institutional design of urban redevelopment in Taipei City is incentive-focused, significant transaction costs deriving from coordination among private/public sectors render the design ineffective. Therefore, we strongly argue, as a theoretical contribution of the research, for strategic plans city-wide for urban redevelopment in Taipei City in order to alleviate the impediments caused by transaction costs.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 53-67
Issue: 1
Volume: 26
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2020.1850323
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2020.1850323
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ducksu Seo
Author-X-Name-First: Ducksu
Author-X-Name-Last: Seo
Author-Name: Youseung Shin
Author-X-Name-First: Youseung
Author-X-Name-Last: Shin
Author-Name: Youngsang Kwon
Author-X-Name-First: Youngsang
Author-X-Name-Last: Kwon
Title: Property ownership and resettlement options in Vietnam: the case of District 8, Ho Chi Minh City
Abstract: 
 Vietnam’s ongoing rapid urbanization has caused widespread informal settlement in Ho Chi Minh City. The city government has announced slum renewal plans to achieve sustainable slum redevelopment with the relocation of residents. This study aimed to analyze slum residents’ desired property ownership and resettlement options. Through site observations and door-to-door interviews within District 8 (Ward 14), one of the worst slums in Ho Chi Minh City, our findings revealed that the lack of property ownership is a critical factor in terms of resettlement choices: most residents prefer in-situ slum upgrading or ‘site-and-service’ relocation, which includes better housing quality and legal tenure, while other dwellers with property ownership prefer cash compensation and self-relocation. The findings of this study can help facilitate the sustainable redevelopment of slums in Vietnam, and demonstrate that resettlement options other than cash compensation should be considered to retain high levels of property ownership.
HighlightsRiverfront slum housing in Ho Chi Minh City are inferior to inner block areasLack of property ownership is critical in resettlement choices of slum residentsMost slum residents prefer in-situ slum upgrading or ‘site and services’ relocationResidents who own properties tend to choose cash compensation and self-relocationEach subgroup requires more elaborate and customized approach during redevelopment
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 129-147
Issue: 1
Volume: 26
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2021.1877567
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2021.1877567
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:26:y:2022:i:1:p:129-147




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andy Pike
Author-X-Name-First: Andy
Author-X-Name-Last: Pike
Title: A geographical political economy response to commentaries on ‘Coping with deindustrialization in the global North and South’
Abstract: 
 This article articulates the thoughts and responses provoked by the welcome and constructively critical and thoughtful commentaries. They are grouped around the following themes: the purpose of concepts and theories; fragmentation and pluralism; explaining temporal and geographical complexity, difference and change; and situating origins, histories, geographies and politics. The argument is that Geographical Political Economy (GPE) provides one approach amongst others and can further evolve through continued openness to constructive critical engagement, dialogue and mutual learning in grappling with deindustrialization and other phenomena in a global setting.Highlights
Geographical political economy (GPE) provides one approach amongst others to grappling with deindustrialization in a global settingGPE can further evolve through continued openness to constructive critical engagement, dialogue and mutual learning in the global North and SouthUnderstanding and explaining the differentiated geographical expressions of deindustrialization across the world can benefit from reflecting on the purpose of concepts and theories and the meaning and purpose of pluralismGPE provides one way to explaining temporal and geographical complexity, difference and changeSituating GPE’s origins, histories, geographies and politics are integral to its use and further evolution
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 45-52
Issue: 1
Volume: 26
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2021.1910068
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2021.1910068
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:26:y:2022:i:1:p:45-52




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jung Won Sonn
Author-X-Name-First: Jung Won
Author-X-Name-Last: Sonn
Author-Name: Lin-Fang Hsu
Author-X-Name-First: Lin-Fang
Author-X-Name-Last: Hsu
Title: Geopolitics and economic geography: a commentary on Andy Pike’s geographical political economy
Abstract: 
 The geographical political economy (GPE) proposed by Andy Pike (2020. Coping with deindustrialization in the global North and South. International Journal of Urban Sciences, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.2020.1730225) and his colleagues offers room for a better understanding of the interaction between politics and industrialization of a region. In this commentary, we argue that the political dimension of GPE should be further emphasized and geopolitics should be taken more seriously. Incorporation of geopolitics can improve GPE in two ways: First, it will help GPE capture variegated pathways and institutions of regional economies, which in turn can help reduce the Anglo-American bias in GPE and economic geography. Secondly, attention to geopolitics is a way to achieve a multi-scalar understanding of the regional economy because geopolitical actions at international scale influences what happnes at national and local scales. With examples from East Asia, where the effects of geopolitics are highly visible, we claim there are at least three ways that geopolitics influence regional industrialization. First, geopolitics change the global economy, which can subsequently predispose regional industrialization; second, a superpower’s geopolitical strategy influences its international economic policy, which can afterwards predispose other nations’ regional industrialization; lastly, a national state sets a geopolitical strategy which then determines regional policy within the nation’s territory.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 36-44
Issue: 1
Volume: 26
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2020.1828148
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2020.1828148
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:26:y:2022:i:1:p:36-44




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yao Mao
Author-X-Name-First: Yao
Author-X-Name-Last: Mao
Author-Name: Guojin Qin
Author-X-Name-First: Guojin
Author-X-Name-Last: Qin
Author-Name: Pingan Ni
Author-X-Name-First: Pingan
Author-X-Name-Last: Ni
Author-Name: Qian Liu
Author-X-Name-First: Qian
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Title: Analysis of road traffic speed in Kunming plateau mountains: a fusion PSO-LSTM algorithm
Abstract: 
 Traffic operation quality of road network plays a vital role in urban planning and sustainable development. In this work, taking Kunming City, China as an example, the road traffic speed analysis method for plateau mountain area was developed combined with Python tools. Thereby, a one-stop analysis framework was proposed based on road traffic data of the downtown area of Kunming City. Specifically, a PSO-LSTM based model was developed to predict the whole and the dynamic time series of road traffic speed.. Then, the appearance of rush hour is discussed from the local and static heat map. Finally, the primary road traffic conditions of Kunming city were investigated, combined with the characteristics of the plateau mountain areas. The results show that the overall traffic situation in Kunming city is slow, and the partial traffic situation is congested in the east and west region. The crowding status is closely related to the peak working hours of Kunming residents, the geographical characteristics of plateau mountain areas, and the planning and distribution of residential land and working land.Highlights
A Python-based one-stop framework is developed to analyse road speeds and visualize the results.A PSO-LSTM algorithm model is developed for road traffic speed prediction.This work provides a reference for traffic planning and road design in plateau mountain cities.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 87-107
Issue: 1
Volume: 26
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2021.1882331
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2021.1882331
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:26:y:2022:i:1:p:87-107





Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yijia Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Yijia
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Author-Name: Robert Hassink
Author-X-Name-First: Robert
Author-X-Name-Last: Hassink
Title: The geography of the emergence of online peer-to-peer lending platforms in China: an evolutionary economic geography perspective
Abstract: 
 This article discusses the geography of the emergence of online peer-to-peer (P2P) lending platforms in China. Moving beyond conventional approaches in financial geography, we propose a new analytical framework drawing on evolutionary economic geography. We find that China’s P2P industry is highly concentrated in Beijing, Shenzhen, Shanghai, Hangzhou, and Guangzhou. These cities have possessed competent financial and Internet sectors before the emergence of P2P industry, and thus provide capabilities that P2P industry could build on. Moreover, experienced entrants, namely new firms founded by pre-existing firms and their employees from technologically related industries, play a crucial role in transferring capabilities from pre-existing financial and Internet capabilities into the P2P industry. In addition, the emergence of the P2P industry experienced three stages characterized by constraining environments with uncertainty coming from customers (2007–2012), enabling environments with inclusive regulations (2013–2015), and constraining environments with tight regulations (2016–2019).
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 351-371
Issue: 2
Volume: 26
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2021.1879664
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2021.1879664
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:26:y:2022:i:2:p:351-371



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sabyasachi Tripathi
Author-X-Name-First: Sabyasachi
Author-X-Name-Last: Tripathi
Author-Name: Evgeniy Kutsenko
Author-X-Name-First: Evgeniy
Author-X-Name-Last: Kutsenko
Author-Name: Victoria Boos
Author-X-Name-First: Victoria
Author-X-Name-Last: Boos
Title: How different patterns of urbanization affect regional innovation? Evidence from Russia
Abstract: 
 The present paper assesses the impact of general urbanization and urbanization patterns (the number of cities of a certain size in the region) on different phases of the regional innovation process: knowledge creation, implementation, and production of innovation production. Knowledge creation is measured by patent statistics, knowledge implementation – by the share of innovative organizations, innovation production – by the volume of innovation production produced by industrial organizations. We apply the dynamic panel data model technique by using data from the period of 1998 to 2016. Our results suggest that general urbanization has a positive influence on every stage of the innovation process, while the impact of different urbanization patterns varies depending on its stage. Million plus cities affect knowledge creation in the region but have no considerable impact on knowledge implementation and innovation production. At the same time, the presence of cities with a population from 0.5 million to 1 million people in the region positively influences more mature stages of the innovation process: knowledge implementation and manufacturing of innovation production. So far as the effective innovation development demands complete innovation cycle, not only million plus cities should be considered as the main drivers of innovation, but cities of lower size (at least with population from 0.5 million to 1 million people) as well should attend the innovation agenda.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 213-243
Issue: 2
Volume: 26
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2021.1942165
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2021.1942165
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:26:y:2022:i:2:p:213-243



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maryam Roosta
Author-X-Name-First: Maryam
Author-X-Name-Last: Roosta
Author-Name: Masoud Javadpoor
Author-X-Name-First: Masoud
Author-X-Name-Last: Javadpoor
Author-Name: Maryam Ebadi
Author-X-Name-First: Maryam
Author-X-Name-Last: Ebadi
Title: A study on street network resilience in urban areas by urban network analysis: comparative study of old, new and middle fabrics in shiraz
Abstract: 
 Vulnerability of the urban street network in times of crisis causes problem for the evacuation, rescue, emergency services and the reconstruction process of urban areas. Despite the importance of the street network in the urban form and its effect on resilience and vulnerability of urban areas, this issue has been less addressed in researches.The study sought to comparatively examine street network resilience in three types of urban fabrics using the Urban Network Analysis.Three urban areas of Shiraz with new (regular and checkered), old (organic) and middle (semi-checkered) street network have been studied using graph theory and network analysis approach and have been ranked using VIKOR technique. Indicators studied in these areas were Reach Centrality, Gravity Centrality, Betweenness Centrality, Closeness Centrality and Straightness Centrality, and ArcMap and Rhino software have been used to measure these indicators.The Reach, Gravity and Straightness indicators are better in region 8 (historical and organic street network), but in contrast, the Betweenness and Closeness indicators in this area make network resilience difficult. Region 11 of the new urban fabric with a regular street network, especially due to the lack of two indicators “Closeness” and “Betweenness”, has the highest network resilience in times of crisis within the studied indicators and in contrast, Region 8 which has included historical urban fabric has the least street resilience.The findings indicated that despite the appropriate status of “Reach” and “Gravity” indicators in historical and organic fabrics, the network of such fabrics was harmful due to high “Closeness” and “Betweenness” indicators in times of crisis and would not have the required resilience and efficiency. Strategies to reduce the two “Closeness” and “Betweenness” indicators in the street network of historical and organic fabrics, as well as increasing “Gravity” and “Reach” in the network of new fabrics, would be effective in promoting network resilience.Highlights
The resilience of different form of street network is not well studied in the literature.The resilience of urban street networks has been examined in three types of urban fabrics.Selected neighborhoods have traditional, semi-planned, and planned street network.The urban network analysis of neighborhoods was investigated using the Centrality indicators.The street networks of planned neighborhoods shows higher resilience potential.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 309-331
Issue: 2
Volume: 26
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2021.1911676
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2021.1911676
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:26:y:2022:i:2:p:309-331



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yue Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Yue
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Basil Sharp
Author-X-Name-First: Basil
Author-X-Name-Last: Sharp
Author-Name: Stephen Poletti
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen
Author-X-Name-Last: Poletti
Author-Name: Kyung-Min Nam
Author-X-Name-First: Kyung-Min
Author-X-Name-Last: Nam
Title: Economic and land use impacts of net zero-emission target in New Zealand
Abstract: 
 In this study, we examine the economic impacts of net zero-emission target in New Zealand, applying an integrated forest-computable general equilibrium model. The model is set to simulate equilibrium carbon permit price and sectoral output levels given the emission trading market, which is also endogenously determined within the model. When the agricultural sector is subject to a legally binding target, an equilibrium carbon permit price is estimated to be NZ$85/tCO2e (US$60/tCO2e) and this results in a 1.4% loss of gross domestic product from the baseline level and a 22% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Exclusion of the agricultural sector, however, would reduce the permit price to NZ$68/tCO2e (US$48/tCO2e) and lead to a 1.2% loss of gross domestic product and a 5% emissions reduction. This result suggests that the inclusion of the agriculture sector in the emissions trading scheme requires costs for policy compliance but can be cost-effective. It drives up compliance costs by 17%, but leads to 4.4 times the absolute emissions reduction expected when the agriculture sector is excluded.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 291-308
Issue: 2
Volume: 26
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2020.1869582
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2020.1869582
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:26:y:2022:i:2:p:291-308



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: M. Consuelo Colom Andrés
Author-X-Name-First: M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Consuelo Colom Andrés
Author-Name: M. Cruz Molés Machí
Author-X-Name-First: M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Cruz Molés Machí
Title: Housing tenure of young people through a multilevel strategy: differences according to living arrangements
Abstract: 
 In this study, we identify and analyse the key determinants of the housing tenure regime and residential independence of young adults in Spain. We use a multilevel strategy that allows us to take into account the heterogeneity amongst regions in both homeownership rate and residential independence rate. Our focus is on young adults as this group have a significant effect on the real estate market. Furthermore, young adults are at an age in their life cycle when important events occur. The results show that demographic factors are more important than economic factors in both processes. Also, for these young adults, the sociocultural norms of each region are not the main criteria in housing tenure and residential independence. Given the recent changes seen in the type of cohabitation, we also analyse the housing tenure for different groups of young adults according to their living arrangements (alone, married couple or common-law couple). For young adults living alone, we find there is little variability among regions. Differences are seen in the factors that influence homeownership among young adults who have formalized their union through marriage and those who are part of a common-law couple.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 268-290
Issue: 2
Volume: 26
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2021.1911675
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2021.1911675
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:26:y:2022:i:2:p:268-290



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Youngbin Lym
Author-X-Name-First: Youngbin
Author-X-Name-Last: Lym
Author-Name: Seunghoon Kim
Author-X-Name-First: Seunghoon
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim
Author-Name: Zhenhua Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Zhenhua
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Title: The influence of urbanicity and built environment on the frequency of distracted driving-related crashes: a multi-state comparison
Abstract: 
 This study investigates the influence of different levels of urbanization, built environment, and socio-demographic features on the frequency of vehicle crashes associated with distracted driving (DD). Through a multi-state comparison, the statistical linkage between the frequency of crashes related to DD and the influential factors was examined using county-level data for the period 2013-2017 in six states in the U.S. The results show that the frequency (relative risk) of crashes caused by DD tends to be higher in certain built environments, such as areas with high population density, whereas it is relatively lower on freeways and areas of a high level of traffic intensity. In addition, the influence of contributing factors such as urbanicity and age cohorts on the relative risks of crashes appears to vary among different states as well as severity levels. Such a discrepancy may reflect differences in driving behaviours and levels of urbanization across states. These findings provide important policy implications for transportation planners and decision-makers to customize targeted policy considerations to improve transportation safety and public health in response to distracted driving.HighlightsThe effect of urbanicity on the risk of distraction-affected crashes was examined.Six states in the U.S. were considered for comparison.The influence of built environment reveals state-specific variability.The risks of distracted driving-related crashes differ across age cohorts.The study addresses several policy implications to improve transportation safety.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 185-212
Issue: 2
Volume: 26
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2021.1946418
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2021.1946418
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:26:y:2022:i:2:p:185-212



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yoonjee Baek
Author-X-Name-First: Yoonjee
Author-X-Name-Last: Baek
Author-Name: Yue Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Yue
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Title: Collaborative approaches to urban governance model of historic districts: a case study of the Yu’er Hutong project in Beijing
Abstract: 
 In recent years, the Chinses urban management system of historic districts has evolved into micro-scale and collaborative movements under the strong government-led actions in China. In this context, the position of experts in urban and architecture fields is emphasized as the mediator and the facilitator in collaborative processes. The leading groups address the serious problems of historic areas in Beijing such as (1) the overcrowded conditions, (2) the neglected illegal structures, (3) the fragmented property ownership, and (4) the poor infrastructures and living conditions. The purpose of this paper is to propose a model of collaborative governance in the Chinese historic districts and scrutinize the role of leadership in collaborative approaches. Based on field visits and publication reviews, this paper casts a light on how the leaders interact with the government-leaders and the residents and contrive to address the major problems of the historic site. This paper found that leaderships perform as the advisor for the decision-makers and the project manager/engineer to the residents. This trend pursues the horizontal and multidimensional mechanism to manage the historic districts. It would give an example of collaborative approaches to achieve sustainable urban revitalization in the inner-city of Beijing.HighlightsIt suggests a framework of collaborative governance by considering both Chinese and Western contexts.The setting regulations represent rigid government-led approaches in the framework.The leaderships and building relations explain the specific roles of experts in the framework.The leaderships act as the mediator between the governments and the residents.The performances of leadership contribute to addressing problems in the historic site.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 332-350
Issue: 2
Volume: 26
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2021.1879663
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2021.1879663
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:26:y:2022:i:2:p:332-350



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Imam Buchori
Author-X-Name-First: Imam
Author-X-Name-Last: Buchori
Author-Name: Lintang Rahmayana
Author-X-Name-First: Lintang
Author-X-Name-Last: Rahmayana
Author-Name: Pangi Pangi
Author-X-Name-First: Pangi
Author-X-Name-Last: Pangi
Author-Name: Angrenggani Pramitasari
Author-X-Name-First: Angrenggani
Author-X-Name-Last: Pramitasari
Author-Name: Anang Wahyu Sejati
Author-X-Name-First: Anang Wahyu
Author-X-Name-Last: Sejati
Author-Name: Yudi Basuki
Author-X-Name-First: Yudi
Author-X-Name-Last: Basuki
Author-Name: Chely Novia Bramiana
Author-X-Name-First: Chely Novia
Author-X-Name-Last: Bramiana
Title: In situ urbanization-driven industrial activities: the Pringapus enclave on the rural-urban fringe of Semarang Metropolitan Region, Indonesia
Abstract: 
 This study observed the dynamics of the local communities’ spatial patterns and socio-economic conditions in the Pringapus enclave industrial area, a rural-urban fringe of the Semarang Metropolitan Region (SMR). It applied a quantitative approach through descriptive statistical analyses of a questionnaire for 120 respondents and satellite image analyses using the Geographic Information System (GIS). The results showed that the urbanization was in situ, causing spatial and socio-economic impacts. Despite the worrying indications of declining environmental quality that can threaten sustainable development, the local people benefitted from the urbanization process. Excellent interaction between the local community and migrants was unique to the study area's enclave location, allowing skills to be transferred, which made the locals more resilient to urbanization. In this regard, this study recommends the local government strengthen new community organizations’ role to optimize the mutually beneficial relationship between locals and migrants.HIGHLIGHTS
In situ urbanization in enclaved areas causes changes in land use, economic, and social and environmental conditions.In situ urbanization in the case study has caused unusual yet positive interactions between the migrants and the locals.The transfer of knowledge in this enclave area made the locals more resilient to urbanization.The beneficial relationships between the locals and the migrants should be optimized by strengthening the role of community organizations.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 244-267
Issue: 2
Volume: 26
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2021.1925141
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2021.1925141
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:26:y:2022:i:2:p:244-267

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RJUS_A_2036627_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220804T044749 git hash: 24b08f8188
Author-Name: Ka Man Leung
Author-X-Name-First: Ka Man
Author-X-Name-Last: Leung
Author-Name: Chung Yim Yiu
Author-X-Name-First: Chung Yim
Author-X-Name-Last: Yiu
Title: How do the poor survive in an unaffordable city? – An empirical study of informal housing households living in Hong Kong
Abstract: 
 In urban economics, tenants are commonly assumed to substitute between accessibility and housing size and the substitution would become inelastic when the size is small. It explains how the poor survive in city centres. However, limited empirical study on this hypothesis is conducted because minimum housing size is commonly regulated in formal housing. Informal housing, in which the living area is not regulated, offers an opportunity for researchers to examine this hypothesis. Yet, differences between the two markets render them non-comparable. This paper contributes by conducting empirical tests on size elasticity on rent by studying Hong Kong’s sub-divided units (SDUs), which are mostly informally subdivided in housing flats, and the effect of proximity to public transportation on size elasticity of housing. The results suggest that size elasticity on smaller-sized housing rent is lower. Size elasticity of SDUs (with one-fourth of the average whole flat size) is about half of the whole flats. We further found that SDU tenants have to pay more for the same size increase when they live closer to the metro station. Compared with whole flat households, they are less willing to pay more for larger floor area.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 398-419
Issue: 3
Volume: 26
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2036627
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2022.2036627
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:26:y:2022:i:3:p:398-419



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RJUS_A_1899844_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220804T044749 git hash: 24b08f8188
Author-Name: Zifeng Wu
Author-X-Name-First: Zifeng
Author-X-Name-Last: Wu
Author-Name: Laurence R. Rilett
Author-X-Name-First: Laurence R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Rilett
Author-Name: Weijun Ren
Author-X-Name-First: Weijun
Author-X-Name-Last: Ren
Title: New methodologies for predicting corridor travel time mean and reliability
Abstract: 
 Accurate travel time prediction is very important for real-time traveller information systems. Many existing traveller information systems provide point estimates of forecast travel times. Often the forecast corridor travel time is estimated as a direct summation of the forecast link travel times on the route. This approach neglects the correlation between link travel times and may lead to inaccurate route travel time forecasts. This paper improves upon the simple addition method by accounting for the dependency of link travel times on the arrival time at that specific link which further correlates to its preceding links. In addition, this paper also explores the potential of using the nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous inputs (NARX) model and feedforward neural network model to forecast the corridor travel time mean and reliability metrics. To the authors knowledge this is the first time, short-term travel time reliability is measured by a reliability interval which is based on the forecasts of corridor travel time mean and standard deviation. The prediction methodologies developed in this paper are tested on an urban arterial that has been instrumented with Bluetooth readers so empirical travel times are available. It was found that the proposed NARX model outperforms the other models that were studied with respect to mean corridor travel time prediction. In terms of the reliability interval prediction, the performance of various models is presented as a Pareto Optimal Frontier trading off accuracy and usability. The proposed NARX model and three other tested models are all on the Pareto Optimal Frontier.HighlightsExplores the nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous inputs (NARX) model for travel time predictions;Develops models to forecast urban arterial corridor travel time means and reliability metrics;Develops forecasting models with link-based or corridor-based travel time inputs, respectively;Evaluates the performance of various models using a Pareto Optimal Frontier;Compared travel time reliability metrics: reliability interval, 95th percentile, and buffer index.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 517-540
Issue: 3
Volume: 26
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2021.1899844
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2021.1899844
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:26:y:2022:i:3:p:517-540



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RJUS_A_1997631_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220804T044749 git hash: 24b08f8188
Author-Name: George Wilkinson
Author-X-Name-First: George
Author-X-Name-Last: Wilkinson
Author-Name: Fiona Haslam McKenzie
Author-X-Name-First: Fiona
Author-X-Name-Last: Haslam McKenzie
Author-Name: Julian Bolleter
Author-X-Name-First: Julian
Author-X-Name-Last: Bolleter
Title: Federalism and urban primacy: political dimensions that influence the city–country divide in Australia
Abstract: 
 With Australia’s population set to triple in the twenty-first century, its federal government is investing in decentralization. This is because Australian states exhibit high urban primacy, where one city is dominantly large. Institutional perspectives of primacy suggest political factors are usually significant drivers. For example, strong localism and decentralized settlement patterns are usually concomitant whilst the same can be said of centralized governance and primacy. It is unclear how institutions might influence primacy in Australia’s large states. To better understand, we contextualize Australian federalism within the primacy debate. Using eighteen measures of intergovernmental power, we determined that the Australian federation is comprised of comparably strong federal and state tiers, underlaid by weak local and regional government. The results suggest primacy in Australian states is reinforced by institutions, contrasting the universality of environmental determinism and suggesting an opportunity to decentralize Australia’s growing population through the devolution of decision making powers.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 438-462
Issue: 3
Volume: 26
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2021.1997631
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2021.1997631
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:26:y:2022:i:3:p:438-462



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RJUS_A_1925142_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220804T044749 git hash: 24b08f8188
Author-Name: I-Chun Tsai
Author-X-Name-First: I-Chun
Author-X-Name-Last: Tsai
Title: Features of the ripple effect in the US regional housing markets: a viewpoint of nonsynchronous trading
Abstract: 
 The present study used a new perspective that integrates the commonly observed market characteristics to analyse why the ripple effect is formed. This study proposed a model to infer that in a regional housing market with a relatively low trading probability, low trading volume, high price volatility, and low price efficiency coexist and cause the market to lag behind other regions in information response, forming a ripple effect. The empirical tests used data cover four regions of the United States (Northeast, Midwest, South, and West) between January 1999 and May 2020, and showed that the housing market in the South had the greatest liquidity and the lowest housing price volatility, however, housing prices were more informative in the South region. The empirical results also revealed the characteristics of the ripple effect in the US housing market. Changes in house prices occur earlier in the South, and information is transmitted from the South to the Northeast.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 373-397
Issue: 3
Volume: 26
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2021.1925142
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2021.1925142
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:26:y:2022:i:3:p:373-397



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RJUS_A_2042364_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220804T044749 git hash: 24b08f8188
Author-Name: Francisco Javier Garrido-Jiménez
Author-X-Name-First: Francisco Javier
Author-X-Name-Last: Garrido-Jiménez
Author-Name: Francesc Magrinyà
Author-X-Name-First: Francesc
Author-X-Name-Last: Magrinyà
Author-Name: María Consuelo del Moral-Ávila
Author-X-Name-First: María Consuelo
Author-X-Name-Last: del Moral-Ávila
Title: Impact of urban pattern on operating costs of public services: quantification through the economic weight of services ‘to property’
Abstract: 
 Research has shown the existence of strong links between physical configuration of the urban settlements and the economic metabolism of public services. However, this relationship has a different intensity depending on the nature of each service, resting exclusively on the services ‘to property’, that is, those ensuring smooth functionality of the buildings and public spaces. In such services, the operating cost per unit developed area largely depends on representative variables of the urban pattern. For instance, the length of roads per unit developed area impacts the operating costs of linear services, such as street lighting, street cleaning and, together with housing density, on the operating costs of water cycle, waste collection and disposal. Moreover, the maintenance costs of pavements, parks, and gardens are directly proportional to the dimension of the public space. Therefore, the economic weight of services ‘to property’ in the current budget of public administration highlights how vulnerable these budgets are against changes in the urban pattern and determines the expected maximum economic impact of any measure adopted through urban planning. Thus, the main objective of this study is to define, from a theoretical perspective, an indicator representative of the economic weight of the operating cost of the services ‘to property’ upon public administration budgets, capable of delimiting the relationship between the budgets and urban patterns. In addition, to show its utility, this urban-economic indicator has been computed for a sample of medium-sized Spanish cities, showing that, on an average, a quarter of the operating cost of urban public services is directly linked to urban patterns, highlighting the potential impact of urban planning decisions on the economic sustainability of urban settlements.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 541-556
Issue: 3
Volume: 26
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2042364
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2022.2042364
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# input file: RJUS_A_1930111_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220804T044749 git hash: 24b08f8188
Author-Name: J. Rafael Verduzco Torres
Author-X-Name-First: J. Rafael
Author-X-Name-Last: Verduzco Torres
Author-Name: Jinhyun Hong
Author-X-Name-First: Jinhyun
Author-X-Name-Last: Hong
Author-Name: David Philip McArthur
Author-X-Name-First: David Philip
Author-X-Name-Last: McArthur
Title: How do psychological, habitual and built environment factors influence cycling in a city with a well-connected cycling infrastructure?
Abstract: 
 Many scholars have sought effective ways to encourage people to cycle more. A considerable amount of effort has focused on the role of dedicated cycling infrastructure. However, knowledge on the roles and interactions of other factors that are influential in addition to infrastructure in cities where the cycling network is well-developed remains incomplete. In this study, we examined how various individual-level attributes, namely psychological, habitual, and socio-demographic, in addition to the built environment characteristics relate to cycling behaviour of employees of the Erasmus University Rotterdam, in the Netherlands, where comprehensive cycling infrastructure is provided. Specifically, we investigated how these factors relate to being a cyclist or not, as well as how they are associated with regular and irregular cyclists. An online survey was conducted among employees of the university and logistic regression models were utilized for the analyses. Our results showed that the perception of behavioural control is consistently correlated with different cycling behaviour while controlling for socio-demographic and residential built environment factors. Also, we found evidence supporting a trade-off between attitudes and habit across different types of commuters. Socio-demographic factors such as gender and year of immigration to the Netherlands are only related to being engaged in cycling but not to increasing the level of engagement among employees who cycled already. The type of residential area and population/business density at destinations does not appear as a consistent covariate. We concluded that psychological and habitual factors play key roles in encouraging cycling in a city with an extensive cycling infrastructure network.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 478-498
Issue: 3
Volume: 26
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2021.1930111
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2021.1930111
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# input file: RJUS_A_2042363_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220804T044749 git hash: 24b08f8188
Author-Name: Tae-Hyoung Tommyo Gim
Author-X-Name-First: Tae-Hyoung Tommyo
Author-X-Name-Last: Gim
Title: Generalized ordered logit analysis on the injury severity of traffic crashes by older drivers: the case of South Korea
Abstract: 
 With a case of South Korea, this study attempts to analyze how the severity of traffic crashes for which older drivers are at fault is associated with road/environmental/seasonal/weather conditions, driver’s attributes, and crash/violation types. It analyzes the ordinal variable of injury severity by specifying conventionally used ordered logit and its statistical alternatives, multinomial logit, generalized ordered logit, partial proportional odds models. Based on the assumptions and fits of the models, this study finds that relative to the poor, but conventional ordered logit model, the best-fit generalized ordered logit model reports more accurate results in terms of the coefficient significance, direction, and magnitude. Among its major findings, although the severity decreases by year (conventional model), it does not apply to the minor injury level (alternative). The higher severity in the picnic season (conventional) is also limited to the level of minor injury or less. The times of the day at which the severity is higher (4–6) and lower (8–21) (conventional) are specific to fatal and serious injuries, respectively (alternative). Several variables have double-edged effects. Single-vehicle crashes do not always result in higher severity. They also reduce it to the lowest report-only level. Likewise, age and alcohol use change the severity to the most severe fatal level as well as to the most minor report-only level. These results are compared with the accumulated findings of crash frequency studies and interpreted in relation to older drivers’ high cautiousness and low physical/cognitive ability.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 499-516
Issue: 3
Volume: 26
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2042363
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2022.2042363
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# input file: RJUS_A_1919183_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220804T044749 git hash: 24b08f8188
Author-Name: Eunbi Kim
Author-X-Name-First: Eunbi
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim
Title: The impact of right-to-work legislation on foreign manufacturing employment in the United States
Abstract: 
 This study investigates the impact of right-to-work (RTW) policy on the growth of manufacturing employment in the United States. Of particular theoretical interest is the impact of RTW law intervention on manufacturing employment by foreign investors, compared to changes in the general patterns of manufacturing employment. Using the U.S. Census Bureau’s County Business Patterns data and the Bureau of Economic Analysis’s Foreign Direct Investment in the U.S. data, we compare changes in the number of total and foreign manufacturing jobs in Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, West Virginia, and Wisconsin, five states that recently passed RTW legislation, with those in non-RTW regions. Results show that new RTW regions experience more growth in total manufacturing employment than non-RTW regions. In addition, foreign manufacturing employment also grows larger in new RTW regions than in non-RTW regions and to a greater extent than domestic manufacturing employment. We attribute these findings to foreign firms’ efficiency-based goal orientation and their footloose-ness.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 420-437
Issue: 3
Volume: 26
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2021.1919183
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2021.1919183
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# input file: RJUS_A_1888776_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220804T044749 git hash: 24b08f8188
Author-Name: Feng-Tyan Lin
Author-X-Name-First: Feng-Tyan
Author-X-Name-Last: Lin
Author-Name: Shih-Kung Lai
Author-X-Name-First: Shih-Kung
Author-X-Name-Last: Lai
Title: Do institutional designs matter for planning review? A garbage-can simulation approach
Abstract: 
 The fact that institutional design coordinates decisions are not a new idea, but the study of its effectiveness under different settings is still unrevealed. In this paper, inspired by the garbage-can model, we conduct a set of computer simulations of collective decision making based on urban land use planning and design review process. The simulation results show that institutional designs matter in affecting organizational performance, and that different distributions of case intricacies result in different outcomes of the collective decision making for planning review.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 463-477
Issue: 3
Volume: 26
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2021.1888776
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2021.1888776
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# input file: RJUS_A_1956365_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Cletus Famous Nwankwo
Author-X-Name-First: Cletus Famous
Author-X-Name-Last: Nwankwo
Author-Name: Onyinyechi G. Ossai
Author-X-Name-First: Onyinyechi G.
Author-X-Name-Last: Ossai
Author-Name: Romanus U. Ayadiuno
Author-X-Name-First: Romanus U.
Author-X-Name-Last: Ayadiuno
Author-Name: Christopher C. Ikeogu
Author-X-Name-First: Christopher C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Ikeogu
Title: Spatial dimension of climate change vulnerability and urbanization relationship in Nigeria
Abstract: 
 The interaction between urbanization and climate change and their associated impact on human society is increasingly being documented. This study concerns the relationship between urbanization and climate change vulnerability. Specifically, it investigates the spatial aspect of the relationship between climate change vulnerability and urbanization in Nigeria. The study is vital because the relationship between urbanization and climate change in Africa has remained unclear. An exploration and comprehension of country-specific relationships in Africa have remained scarce. In Nigeria, efforts to research climate change vulnerability (CCV) have not looked at its connection with urbanization. Via an integrated vulnerability assessment and based on secondary data, the paper examines the effect of urbanization on climate change vulnerability. It argues that urbanization does not significantly increase CCV in Nigeria. It shows that urbanization and CCV have a significant negative relationship in Nigeria, suggesting that more urban states have lower levels of CCV than relatively more rural states. However, it indicates that relatively more urban states in Nigeria tend to have lower sensitivity and higher adaptive capacity to climate change, but there is no clear rural-urban difference in exposure to climate change. It follows that while there is a rural-urban disparity in CCV, individual components of vulnerability may exhibit a different relationship with urbanization. Thus, it concludes that the impact of climate change is dynamic and complex. Hence, there is a need to open the urbanization-climate change nexus to a lively debate to further climate change scholarship. Thus, while taking an all-inclusive approach to addressing climate change is desirable, it is vital also to explore the impacts of individual elements that comprise vulnerability.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 582-603
Issue: 4
Volume: 26
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2021.1956365
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2021.1956365
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# input file: RJUS_A_2063162_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Feng Deng
Author-X-Name-First: Feng
Author-X-Name-Last: Deng
Title: Urban governance in an increasingly mobile society: the case of Chinese cities
Abstract: 
 Cities in transitional economies have experienced rising mobility and the simultaneous evolution of urban governance. This paper explores the relationship between both inter-city migration and intra-city residential mobility and urban governance, especially in the Chinese city, through theoretical reasoning and synthesizing previous works. While acknowledging that inter-city migration may force cities to improve urban governance through the agglomeration economy, I argue that, by weakening wage capitalization, inter-city migration strengthens property interests in urban governance, pushing it towards the progrowth model. The same mechanism applies to intra-city mobility. Besides, rising mobility weakens social control in the Chinese city, which faces a dilemma: grassroots governments are expected to strengthen social control after the decline of work unit, but they are gradually marginalized in private gated communities that are dominant in Chinese cities. The observed downward turn of residential mobility for local residents in the 2000s and continuously rising mobility for migrants are partly due to the homeownership effect and, as I emphasized in this paper, partly due to the protection for property owners from territorial organizations and urban governance at large.HighlightsCo-evolution of mobility and urban governance in Chinese cities.Rising mobility strengthens rent capitalization, supporting progrowth governance.Rising mobility weakens social control.The rich’s lower mobility is partly due to protection from HOAs and urban governance.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 672-690
Issue: 4
Volume: 26
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2063162
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2022.2063162
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# input file: RJUS_A_2063160_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Merve Yilmaz
Author-X-Name-First: Merve
Author-X-Name-Last: Yilmaz
Author-Name: Aslı Ulubaş Hamurcu
Author-X-Name-First: Aslı
Author-X-Name-Last: Ulubaş Hamurcu
Title: Relationships between socio-demographic structure and spatio-temporal distribution patterns of COVID-19 cases in Istanbul, Turkey
Abstract: 
 This study aims to find out specific relationships between socio-demographic and spatio-temporal distribution patterns of COVID-19 cases. Istanbul being one of the most dynamic and overpopulated cities in Turkey is chosen as the case area. The study explores the spatio-temporal spread pattern of COVID-19 between 24 September and 12 December 2020 in 960 neighbourhoods of Istanbul using spatial statistical analysis. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) methods are used to explain how socio-demographic structure and intensity of COVID-19 cases are related. The results of the study show that gender, household size, and population density are important drivers of exposure to COVID-19. Education level is also found statistically significant though having a weaker effect on spatio-temporal distribution pattern of COVID-19. It is anticipated that the findings of this study will be used by the decision-makers to take action to control the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic – and any other upcoming and unexpected diseases – and to improve the existing conditions to overcome such vulnerabilities to possible risk factors.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 557-581
Issue: 4
Volume: 26
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2063160
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2022.2063160
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# input file: RJUS_A_2044891_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Reuben Tamakloe
Author-X-Name-First: Reuben
Author-X-Name-Last: Tamakloe
Author-Name: Dongjoo Park
Author-X-Name-First: Dongjoo
Author-X-Name-Last: Park
Author-Name: Hyunho Chang
Author-X-Name-First: Hyunho
Author-X-Name-Last: Chang
Title: Discovering research topics, trends, and perspectives in COVID-19-related transportation journal articles
Abstract: 
 Research interest in COVID-19 in the transportation field has increased sporadically since its outbreak in 2019. This has led to an unprecedented increase in the number of publications in academic journals, rendering it difficult to clearly capture and understand the themes being discussed in the entire literature. This study employs a Structural Topic Model, a robust probabilistic topic model that incorporates document-level metadata to extract hidden topics in unstructured textual big data that focuses on COVID-19 and transportation. To understand the topics identified, the study examined the topical trends over time and compared them to provide insights into authors’ perspectives based on their country’s economic status. In total, abstracts from 421 research articles published in top transportation/transportation science journals were collected and analysed. The results reveal that the major academic concerns in the area of COVID-19 and transportation are related to the changing travel behaviour, airport financial performance, and supply chain optimisation. Overall, research trends seem to be shifting towards shipping emissions, air transport recovery, travel behaviour, and the performance of airports. In addition, authors from both high-income and middle-and low-income countries were found to have different perspectives regarding the topics identified. The findings from this study contribute to understanding topical trends and perspectives in the literature on COVID-19 and transportation and can be used by researchers, policymakers, and fund providers to recognise current research issues to guide future research direction and for making more informed policy decisions.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 710-738
Issue: 4
Volume: 26
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2044891
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2022.2044891
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# input file: RJUS_A_2044890_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Hamid R. Sayarshad
Author-X-Name-First: Hamid R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Sayarshad
Title: Designing an intelligent emergency response system to minimize the impacts of traffic incidents: a new approximation queuing model
Abstract: 
 A road traffic accident is an unexpected, irregular activity on the road network that sources a high excess demand relative to the reduced road capacity, resulting in traffic congestion and delays for travellers. The emergency response agencies need to shortly discover, respond to, and clear road traffic accidents in order to decrease the impacts of incidents on traffic congestion. To create an intelligent incident management response system for road networks, real-time data on traffic volumes and accident rates can be used in a queuing model for the allocation/relocation of available resources in response to incidents. In this study, a new queuing-based formulation is proposed for determining the positioning of emergency response units. The greatest benefit of the proposed dynamic model is a reduction in the time it takes response teams to clear accidents, remove debris on the roadway, and restore the normal traffic network. The analysis of actual accident data from New York City demonstrated that the proposed dynamic allocation strategy can contribute to reducing the total waiting time caused by accidents on roads instead of simply minimizing the average response times. The obtained results from testing the presented model revealed that the average costs in terms of the response time and the average delay reduced by 45% and 38%, in comparison to the static deployment model, respectively.HIGHLIGHTSA queuing model by characterizing the traffic congestion information is proposed.A dynamic policy of allocating response units using a queue system is studied.We study the advantages of our non-myopic model over the alternative myopic case.We show the effectiveness of the model by testing it on New York city incident data.The proposed dispatching strategy reduces the response time and the average delay.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 691-709
Issue: 4
Volume: 26
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2044890
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2022.2044890
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# input file: RJUS_A_2063159_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Aidong Zhao
Author-X-Name-First: Aidong
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao
Author-Name: Jinsheng Huang
Author-X-Name-First: Jinsheng
Author-X-Name-Last: Huang
Author-Name: Huub Ploegmakers
Author-X-Name-First: Huub
Author-X-Name-Last: Ploegmakers
Author-Name: Jing Lan
Author-X-Name-First: Jing
Author-X-Name-Last: Lan
Author-Name: Erwin van der Krabben
Author-X-Name-First: Erwin
Author-X-Name-Last: van der Krabben
Author-Name: Xianlei Ma
Author-X-Name-First: Xianlei
Author-X-Name-Last: Ma
Title: Can land prices be used to curb urban industrial land expansion? An explanation from the perspective of substitutability of land in production
Abstract: 
 Industrial land expansion has become a matter of increasing concern to policy-makers, especially in developing and emerging manufacturing countries. Price mechanisms are regarded as an important way to control the expansion of industrial land. For industrial land, the effectiveness of a price mechanism in controlling land expansion relies substantially on the substitutability of land in production, which remains unclear in the literature. This paper provides empirical evidence on the substitutability of industrial land by examining the impact of increases in land prices on the elasticity of substitution between land input and other production factors based on China’s city-level industrial production in 2007–2015. We find that land price increases significantly induce the industrial sector to reduce land demand by substituting capital for land. However, our estimated elasticity of substitution of capital for land in production is only 0.03, which indicates that industrial land is substitutable but the degree of substitutability is very low in production. The findings of our study suggest that the benefits of relying on price mechanisms to curb industrial land expansion may be very limited; hence, traditional planning instruments should also be suitably designed to jointly curb industrial land expansion.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 651-671
Issue: 4
Volume: 26
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2063159
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2022.2063159
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# input file: RJUS_A_2024085_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Jinxin Yao
Author-X-Name-First: Jinxin
Author-X-Name-Last: Yao
Author-Name: Xingfu Lu
Author-X-Name-First: Xingfu
Author-X-Name-Last: Lu
Author-Name: Fengxian Qiu
Author-X-Name-First: Fengxian
Author-X-Name-Last: Qiu
Title: Residential segregation and employment stability among China’s migrant population, and related intergenerational differences—analysis based on propensity score matching
Abstract: 
 China’s migrant workers, the majority of whom are residents of rural China, have poured in to urban centres. Despite this influx, migrant workers have not integrated into urban society; rather, rural migrant life in cities is characterized by residential segregation and widespread social exclusion. This study explores the effect of residential segregation on the employment stability of China’s migrant population and investigates the intergenerational differences in this effect. Data were obtained from China’s 2014 special investigation on the social interactions and mental health of migrant workers and covered 6,805 and 3,237 people from the new generation (born in 1980 or later) and first-generation (born before 1980) migrant populations, respectively. Propensity score matching was employed to match those living in and outside of residentially segregated areas. Residential segregation had a significant adverse effect on the total sample’s employment stability. The negative effect of residential segregation on employment stability among the first-generation migrant population was found to be nonsignificant, but was significant for the new generation of migrants.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 632-650
Issue: 4
Volume: 26
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2021.2024085
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2021.2024085
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# input file: RJUS_A_1997633_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Souvik Biswas
Author-X-Name-First: Souvik
Author-X-Name-Last: Biswas
Author-Name: Soumen Ghosh
Author-X-Name-First: Soumen
Author-X-Name-Last: Ghosh
Title: Estimation of land surface temperature in response to land use/land cover transformation in Kolkata city and its suburban area, India
Abstract: 
 The land transformation in Kolkata city and its suburban area is mainly due to intensive population pressure and rapid urban sprawling. Consequently, the land surface temperature (LST) is continuously increasing and gradually intensifying the effects of the urban heat island. The aim of this study is to assess the spatiotemporal variation of LST in response to land use land cover change (LULC) during 1995–2020. The maximum likelihood classifier was used for the supervised classification of LULC and the accuracy assessment was done using the confusion matrix. Quin’s Mono-window algorithms for Landsat TM data of 1995 and 2010 and split-window algorithms for Landsat 8 OLI data of 2020 were applied to retrieve LST. Several spectral indices such as Normalized difference built-up index (NDBI), Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and Modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) were calibrated and pixel-specific overlay analysis was done for correlation study between spectral indices and LST. This work revealed that the rapid urban sprawling causes massive land transformation in the study area. The land conversions from trees outside forests (TOF) and agricultural land to built-up were significantly contributing to an overall increase in the mean LST during 1995–2020. The mean LST was comparatively high over Kolkata city than its suburban area. During 1995–2020, the mean LST was increased by nearly 8.43°C in the summer season and 4.32°C in the winter season. The increasing rate of LST was found relatively high over the built-up (7.06°C), agricultural land without crop (5.55°C), and open land (5.54°C). However, it was comparatively low over TOF (4.66°C) and water bodies (3.68°C). The LST was positively correlated to NDBI and negatively correlated to NDVI and MNDWI. In order to combat urban warming, this study will promote green city initiatives through sustainable land use planning.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 604-631
Issue: 4
Volume: 26
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2021.1997633
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2021.1997633
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# input file: RJUS_A_2153472_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Anders Riel Müller
Author-X-Name-First: Anders Riel
Author-X-Name-Last: Müller
Author-Name: Joon Park
Author-X-Name-First: Joon
Author-X-Name-Last: Park
Author-Name: Jung Won Sonn
Author-X-Name-First: Jung Won
Author-X-Name-Last: Sonn
Title: Finding the old in the new: Smart cities in the national and local trajectories of urban development
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 1-9
Issue: S1
Volume: 27
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2153472
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2022.2153472
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# input file: RJUS_A_2063158_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Yirang Lim
Author-X-Name-First: Yirang
Author-X-Name-Last: Lim
Author-Name: Jurian Edelenbos
Author-X-Name-First: Jurian
Author-X-Name-Last: Edelenbos
Author-Name: Alberto Gianoli
Author-X-Name-First: Alberto
Author-X-Name-Last: Gianoli
Title: Dynamics in the governance of smart cities: insights from South Korean smart cities
Abstract: 
 This paper aims to explain how the governance model changes in smart cities by using South Korea's experience as a case study. South Korean smart city development is divided into three phases according to the national master plan and maturity of smart cities. Phase 1 took place from 2008 to 2013, phase 2 extended from 2014 to 2018, and phase 3 began in 2019 and will last into 2023. The cases under consideration are three representative smart cities: Seoul, Songdo, and Sejong. The analysis traces how the governance model of each city changes throughout the three phases. According to stakeholders’ roles and relationships, the governance model is categorized into four types (corporate, market, multilevel, and network governance). The governance model in all three cities showed little change. In Seoul and Songdo, market governance was dominant, while in Sejong, multilevel governance was. However, in phase 3, the institutional setting is changing to facilitate network governance in all three cities. The government guided the collaboration, giving more opportunities for private, academic, and civil actors to engage.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 183-205
Issue: S1
Volume: 27
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2063158
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2022.2063158
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# input file: RJUS_A_2110143_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Joon Park
Author-X-Name-First: Joon
Author-X-Name-Last: Park
Author-Name: Seungho Yoo
Author-X-Name-First: Seungho
Author-X-Name-Last: Yoo
Title: Evolution of the smart city: three extensions to governance, sustainability, and decent urbanisation from an ICT-based urban solution
Abstract: 
 The smart city, which emphasizes more effective urban management using information and communication technologies (ICT), now has greater implications. This paper first reviews the evolving features of the smart city focusing on its extension from an ICT-based urban solution to the domains of governance, sustainability, and decent urbanisation. Expectations and concerns about advanced ICT as an urban solution have formed a body of literature of civic governance with a focus on the citizen, which now incorporates a discussion of the democratic management of data. What made the smart city dominant in urban discourse is its merging with another leading discourse – that of the ‘sustainable city’ – in the early 2010s, which had the most popularity in the field since the 1990s. The boundary of the smart city extended further, representing the desire of emerging cities to provide core urban infrastructures with an expectation of economic growth in the mid-2010s. This paper then focuses on the implications of this widened sphere of the smart city. It aims to uncover how the concept of ‘smart city’ has evolved over time, leading to the conclusion of how the traditional values of urban studies are growing in the new sphere of the smart city and why it is currently important to consider the context-based local smart city and to develop affordable smart cities in future smart city practice and research.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 10-28
Issue: S1
Volume: 27
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2110143
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2022.2110143
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# input file: RJUS_A_1938640_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Bart A. M. van Gils
Author-X-Name-First: Bart A. M.
Author-X-Name-Last: van Gils
Author-Name: Ajay Bailey
Author-X-Name-First: Ajay
Author-X-Name-Last: Bailey
Title: Revisiting inclusion in smart cities: infrastructural hybridization and the institutionalization of citizen participation in Bengaluru’s peripheries
Abstract: 
 Smart city development can be traced back in the urban development trajectories of cities, as well as the respective articulations, framing and practices of ‘inclusive’ and ‘participatory’ smart cities. As smart city development steadily gains more and more traction among urban policy makers throughout the Global South, many scholars warn for its negative consequences on the accessibility of infrastructure and the processes that transform democratic citizenship practices. Rather than perceiving the transformative power of smart cities as a phenomenon particular to the use of new technologies, this paper aims to analyse societal segregation and marginalization through smart city development and traces these externalities as a continuation or intensification of existing governance practices. This is demonstrated by the case study on the metropolitan city of Bengaluru, that participates in India's national Smart City Mission. Due to massive urbanization, Bengaluru's peripheries are suffering from increasing pressures on its basic infrastructure. In response, state actors have turned to hybridizing the city's infrastructure facilities and governance to market- and civil society actors. Furthermore, the efforts of middle-class civil society groups that contribute to infrastructural governance through the assistance in planning, facilitation and controlling state responsibilities are institutionalized by bureaucratic state actors, at the cost of electoral governance by local representatives. This analysis on infrastructure governance in the peripheries has been set in relation to a discourse analysis of official policy documents on the inclusive and participatory character of smart cities. The practices of hybridization and institutionalization not only undermine the access to basic infrastructure for marginalized groups but also heavily underpin the design of Bengaluru's smart city projects. To be called inclusive, we argue that smart city projects should make an effort to improve the overall accessibilities of infrastructures for all classes and population groups.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 29-49
Issue: S1
Volume: 27
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2021.1938640
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2021.1938640
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# input file: RJUS_A_1997634_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Kevin Y. K. Leung
Author-X-Name-First: Kevin Y. K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Leung
Author-Name: H. Y. Lee
Author-X-Name-First: H. Y.
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Title: Implementing the smart city: who has a say? Some insights from Hong Kong
Abstract: 
 Over the years, the concept of the ‘smart city’ has become increasingly popular, and planning institutions seem to be more than keen to incorporate buzzwords associated with the smart city into their strategic city-wide plans, like IoT (Internet of Things) or AI (artificial intelligence), to name a few. Beyond these buzzwords, however, it seems that researchers and policymakers have mainly focused on the policies and characteristics of a smart city with only limited consideration for whether the planning stages have involved its citizens, or whether its citizens are even in support of these measures. Particularly in East Asia, consultative approaches seem to provide only tokenistic opportunities at best for citizens to have a say about their vision of ‘smart’ futures. Hence, this paper presents an extensive analysis on the history of implementing strategic city-wide plans by planning institutions, elaborating on how the concept of the ‘smart city’ gradually expanded into popular usage, using the case of Hong Kong. Studying Hong Kong's urban planning strategies reveals the complexities of policy implementation in a city with an escalating sense of fear and mistrust between the people and the government, and where some of its citizens are wary of further integration with mainland China, charting the many incompatibilities of what it means to be ‘smart’ between the government and citizens. Whether the citizens’ needs are met are evaluated along a modified hierarchy of needs inspired by Maslow ([1954]. Motivation and Personality. New York, NY: Harper), and recommendations are provided that identify the many opportunities and challenges that lie ahead for cities of the future to truly become smart.Highlights
Current smart city literature does not sufficiently consider citizens’ perspectivesA modified hierarchy of needs is developed to evaluate the success of the smart citySmart components across four strategic planning stages in Hong Kong are analysedHong Kong's recent strategic planning does not attain the higher hierarchy levelsMore public engagement is required to understand citizens’ hopes for the future
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 124-148
Issue: S1
Volume: 27
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2021.1997634
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2021.1997634
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# input file: RJUS_A_1925143_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Yu-Min Joo
Author-X-Name-First: Yu-Min
Author-X-Name-Last: Joo
Title: Developmentalist smart cities? the cases of Singapore and Seoul
Abstract: 
 Governments and companies across the globe are promoting smart cities, and their developments usually reflect both globally shared ideas and locally specific agendas and implementations. This paper examines the smart cities of Singapore and Seoul – two key global cities in Asia with legacies of state-led developmentalism. It discusses the two cities’ latest smart city endeavors, trajectories, and policy motivations. In particular, it explores the role of smart city policy in governments’ local and global agendas for development and argues that the two acclaimed cases can be interpreted as globally-oriented neo-developmentalist smart cities. In doing so, this paper also explains that the typically assumed developmentalist feature becomes much more complicated as it intermixes with the global cities’ international outlooks and aspirations as well as the changing demands from citizens in the post-developmental era.HighlightsI examine the two ‘actually-existing’ global smart cities in Asia.I explore the role of smart city policy in local and global agendas for development.Singapore and Seoul reflect globally-oriented neo-developmentalist smart cities.Singapore and Seoul are not hardware-driven developmentalist smart cities.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 164-182
Issue: S1
Volume: 27
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2021.1925143
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2021.1925143
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# input file: RJUS_A_2014939_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Shuwen Zhou
Author-X-Name-First: Shuwen
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhou
Author-Name: Haokun Fu
Author-X-Name-First: Haokun
Author-X-Name-Last: Fu
Author-Name: Shanshan Tao
Author-X-Name-First: Shanshan
Author-X-Name-Last: Tao
Author-Name: Yanan Han
Author-X-Name-First: Yanan
Author-X-Name-Last: Han
Author-Name: Mingrui Mao
Author-X-Name-First: Mingrui
Author-X-Name-Last: Mao
Title: Bridging the top-down and bottom-up approaches to smart urbanization? A reflection on Beijing’s Shuangjing International Sustainable Development Community Pilot
Abstract: 
 The relation between planning and smart city development is interwoven. On the one hand, planning is being digitalized and ‘smartificated’, but threatened by the growing dominance of IT corporations in urban development. On the other hand, bottom-up smart initiatives at the neighbourhood level are emerging to challenge top-down control, but the relation between top-down and bottom-up approaches is conflicting and often disconnected. In the Chinese context, a newly established neighbourhood planning mechanism – community duty planners (CDPs) – appears to open up opportunities for bridging bottom-up and top-down approaches to smart city development. In Beijing, the CDPs are institutionalized under Beijing’s Refined Urban Management (RUM) framework which aims to improve the city’s built environment and quality of living. The CDPs play the role of intermediary actors connecting local government with the communities. The article is a reflection on the Shuangjing International Sustainable Development Community Pilot and the CDPs of Shuangjing Neighbourhood. It describes and reflects on how planning institutions can influence smart city development at the neighbourhood level and how bottom-up initiatives can be connected to long-term top-down plans.Highlights
An institutional planning arrangement placing planners as intermediary actors at the neighbourhood level can help to resolve the conflicts between short-term and long-term objectives in smart city development.Besides planners, an intermediary role can be fulfilled by groups or individuals who have mastery of IT and a good grasp of urban knowledge.Future community planning education is suggested to incorporate more IT-related components.An open system is necessary for connecting top-down and bottom-up initiatives.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 101-123
Issue: S1
Volume: 27
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2021.2014939
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2021.2014939
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# input file: RJUS_A_1997632_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Ciaran Devlin
Author-X-Name-First: Ciaran
Author-X-Name-Last: Devlin
Author-Name: Jon Coaffee
Author-X-Name-First: Jon
Author-X-Name-Last: Coaffee
Title: Planning and technological innovation: the governance challenges faced by English local authorities in adopting planning technologies
Abstract: 
 The term ‘smart city’ has become synonymous with a technologically cultivated utopia, where urban problems can be solved computationally. This approach to urban development has been promoted as a method of enabling city administrations to become more proactive when dealing with issues including pollution, traffic flow and congestion, public safety, energy use, and urban planning. This trend towards using technology in urban management and planning has sparked research and development initiatives across the planet. In the UK, the #PlanTech trend is a governmental initiative that aims to improve engagement between various actors in the planning system, including local authorities and central government, with tech start-ups and digital entrepreneurs who can design solutions to the problems currently experienced by planners, developers, and citizens alike. Despite the significant opportunities that technologies offer city council planning departments in terms of productivity, existing governance models can be shown to represent a significant obstacle to implementation. This paper uses case study research conducted at two English city councils – Coventry and Leeds – to examine the implications of planning reforms and digital transformation of public services on urban planning governance. Utilizing the information gained from a combination of semi-structured interviews and stakeholder engagement exercises, it examines the growing emphasis on technology in planning practice within the public sector and discusses the potential implications that it may have for current governance arrangements. Finally, it suggests what a framework for future urban planning governance within an English political context, in the era of the smart city might require. The paper overall offers a critical view of how current urban planning practice and governance procedures are being quickly subsumed by digital technologies which offer novel and effective methods for professional planners yet are undermined, or are inhibited, by current governance arrangements.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 149-163
Issue: S1
Volume: 27
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2021.1997632
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2021.1997632
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# input file: RJUS_A_1968939_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Cristina Del-Real
Author-X-Name-First: Cristina
Author-X-Name-Last: Del-Real
Author-Name: Chandra Ward
Author-X-Name-First: Chandra
Author-X-Name-Last: Ward
Author-Name: Mina Sartipi
Author-X-Name-First: Mina
Author-X-Name-Last: Sartipi
Title: What do people want in a smart city? Exploring the stakeholders’ opinions, priorities and perceived barriers in a medium-sized city in the United States
Abstract: 
 Many cities in the United States are pursuing agendas to implement ICT-based solutions to tackle urban challenges, thus achieving the ‘smart city’ label. While the discussion on this urban development paradigm has revolved around the intensive use of technologies, the academic literature increasingly calls for shifting the focus to the people living in the cities. This paper argues that to achieve a people-centred smart city, cities should include the perspectives of all the local stakeholders. Under this assumption, this paper provides the views of the local stakeholders in a medium-sized city in Tennessee, Chattanooga. Particularly, this study explores their perceived smart city concept, the ethical standards that should guide smart city projects, the desired future projects in their community, and the barriers to implementing them. The data was collected using a combination of participatory budgeting, five focus groups, and twenty-eight interviews with city dwellers, entrepreneurs, university faculty, non-profit members, and government officials. The results suggest that, far from the image of a highly technological city, the stakeholders envision a city dedicated to improving the quality of life and environmental sustainability. Furthermore, to achieve this smart city, the projects need to be based on full transparency and the promotion of social inclusion. In contrast to the dominant trend towards the privatization of urban space, this study finds that the stakeholders prefer public based smart city projects such as ICT-based public transport services. However, its successful implementation will have to overcome the barriers caused by funding constraints, public acceptance, and political interests. Cities may use the results of this study to design more responsible smart city projects that strike an optimal point between citizen engagement and technological applications and innovations while supporting all stakeholders’ needs.HighlightsStakeholders’ opinions on smart city projects in Chattanooga were examinedChattanooga can be considered an example of a medium-sized smart cityPublic-based, transparent and socially inclusive projects are preferredPreferences on smart city projects varied across groups of stakeholdersIncluding all city stakeholders’ visions can reduce social cleavages
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 50-74
Issue: S1
Volume: 27
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2021.1968939
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2021.1968939
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# input file: RJUS_A_2074076_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Juhyun Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Juhyun
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Author-Name: Julia Babcock
Author-X-Name-First: Julia
Author-X-Name-Last: Babcock
Author-Name: Thai Son Pham
Author-X-Name-First: Thai Son
Author-X-Name-Last: Pham
Author-Name: Thu Hien Bui
Author-X-Name-First: Thu Hien
Author-X-Name-Last: Bui
Author-Name: Myounggu Kang
Author-X-Name-First: Myounggu
Author-X-Name-Last: Kang
Title: Smart city as a social transition towards inclusive development through technology: a tale of four smart cities
Abstract: 
 Smart city initiatives have the potential to address many contemporary urban challenges, utilizing information and technology. Increasingly, smart cities are considered as social innovation processes to achieve sustainable and inclusive urban development, being influenced by broader socio-economic and institutional contexts of cities. This paper explores ‘smart city transitions’ across varied urban contexts, in particular, how smart city transitions are enacted and how they contribute to inclusive urban transformation and public value. Using a multiple case studies approach, the research investigated infrastructure planning practices in Amsterdam in the Netherlands, Seoul in Korea, Portland in the U.S. and Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) in Vietnam, cities that were known for strong efforts to establish integrated platforms to enhance societal benefits. Our analysis showed that each city has addressed its goals around sustainability, equity and affordability by reinforcing the engagement of multiple actors with the support of integrated platforms that facilitate open and multi-directional information flow in a transparent manner. In Amsterdam, innovative solutions for sustainable use of resources have been invented and distributed through multi-level social networks, contributing to the transformation into a circular economy. In Seoul and HCMC, the city's persistent efforts to utilize an open and integrated platform resulted in proactive engagement and collaboration of public and private actors in improving quality, equity and efficiency of transit services. Portland has tackled inequitable access and mistrust issues by setting principles for data governance and facilitating equity in the adoption of innovative technologies. Our research revealed that four cities established different forms of integrated platforms such as a centrally-controlled platform and a community-centred platform in order to address specific socio-economic issues within an institutional setting of each city. We concluded that building an integrated platform is not easy, but it is a critical prerequisite for the process of sustainable transformation to truly achieve smart cities across the globe.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 75-100
Issue: S1
Volume: 27
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2074076
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2022.2074076
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# input file: RJUS_A_2093261_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: In Kwon Park
Author-X-Name-First: In Kwon
Author-X-Name-Last: Park
Author-Name: Burkhard von Rabenau
Author-X-Name-First: Burkhard
Author-X-Name-Last: von Rabenau
Author-Name: Zhe Hong
Author-X-Name-First: Zhe
Author-X-Name-Last: Hong
Title: The effects of ‘sanctuary city’ policies on the local economy: empirical evidence from US counties
Abstract: 
 This study derives the economic development effects of sanctuary city (SC) policies at the US county level using data from close to 3,000 counties between 2013 and 2017. A county is taken to provide sanctuary to undocumented immigrants if county jails do not accept ICE detainer requests, i.e. do not hold detainees beyond their original release dates. Endogeneity problems and fixed effects in the panel data are fully accounted for by combining coarsened exact matching with the fixed effects instrumental variables method. We can infer that SC policy probably is a significant driver of economic development. The results show that implementing an SC policy for 2.8–3.4 years lowers the unemployment rate by 0.18 percentage points, reduces wages by 1.6%, and increases housing prices by 5.5%, suggesting that these policies have positive effects on the local economy and can contribute to reversing economic declines in some jurisdictions.Highlights
The economic development effects of sanctuary city (SC) policies are derived using data from about 3,000 counties between 2013 and 2017.Endogeneity problems and fixed effects are addressed by combining coarsened exact matching with the fixed effects instrumental variables method.Implementing an SC policy for 2.8–3.4 years lowers the unemployment rate by 0.18 percentage points, reduces wages by 1.6%, and increases housing prices by 5.5%.Immigrant-inclusive policies have positive effects on the local economy and can contribute to reversing economic decline.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 19-38
Issue: 1
Volume: 27
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2093261
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2022.2093261
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# input file: RJUS_A_2097119_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Holi Bina Wijaya
Author-X-Name-First: Holi Bina
Author-X-Name-Last: Wijaya
Author-Name: Imam Buchori
Author-X-Name-First: Imam
Author-X-Name-Last: Buchori
Title: The origin of industrial workers and rural in situ urbanization in Temanggung Regency, Indonesia
Abstract: 
 As part of the urbanization process, the origin of industrial workers can characterize the type and distribution of rural in situ urbanization. The case of Temanggung Regency, Indonesia, demonstrates the industrial growth of the rural population initially from that agricultural to industrial and urban activities. This study contributes to a contextual explanation of the roles of local workers and resources in the rural in situ urbanization process. The research found that push and pull factors of urban growth exist in the same location of rural areas, promoting reclassification of urban areas. These factors transform the rural hinterland area into a nascent centre of urban activities, which has a lower rate of regional migration due to the lower level of rural wages. Therefore, local workers and resources are essential for rural industrialization and in situ urbanization.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 112-128
Issue: 1
Volume: 27
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2097119
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2022.2097119
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# input file: RJUS_A_2072939_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Joko Adianto
Author-X-Name-First: Joko
Author-X-Name-Last: Adianto
Author-Name: Rossa Turpuk Gabe
Author-X-Name-First: Rossa Turpuk
Author-X-Name-Last: Gabe
Title: Alternative housing priorities for low-income migrants in Jakarta, Indonesia
Abstract: 
 This empirical study suggests an alternative housing priority for the housing pathways of low-income migrants. An economic perspective has been the dominant paradigm in determining urban housing trajectories and has been cemented as the pedestal of the housing provision programme. However, this study is conducted in the highest density sub-districts of each of Jakarta’s five municipalities with mixed research method, evinces that forced eviction is one of the pivotal determinants of the housing pathway of low-income households and spatial dispersal is embedded in webs of kinship. Having lost their livelihood assets through hazard or eviction, low-income migrants move to the city to recuperate their loses by living with or near other family members. Through collective efficacy, their place attachment solidifies and confines their housing pathway to a short distance from other family and kin members.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 93-111
Issue: 1
Volume: 27
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2072939
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2022.2072939
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# input file: RJUS_A_2085151_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Yi-Kai Juan
Author-X-Name-First: Yi-Kai
Author-X-Name-Last: Juan
Author-Name: Wan-Hsuan Lin
Author-X-Name-First: Wan-Hsuan
Author-X-Name-Last: Lin
Title: The relationship between residential burglaries and urban environments in Taipei City: a data mining approach
Abstract: 
 Although the overall crime rate in Taiwan has shown a declining trend in recent years, the proportion of burglaries remains high. Most studies regarding the prevention of burglaries proceed from the perspectives of population composition or criminal psychology, and place focus on the internal spatial planning of buildings without mentioning the association between case locations and urban environments. In order to effectively prevent crime and improve the quality of life, this study utilized cases provided by the Taipei City Government Open Platform (Data. Taipei) to confirm the surrounding environmental factors and building data of burglary cases for data mining application. The proposed method consists of two phases: clustering and association rule mining. In the clustering phase, the key substructures of environmental information are collected; then characteristics in each cluster are analyzed based on the association rule. The results of analysis showed that the first group (Group 1) in the classification should give priority to improving the visibility of idle space and streets, while the second group (Group 2) should improve the efficiency of personnel surveillance and solve the problem of crowds caused by business activities. The third group (Group 3), which featured narrow lanes and insufficient street lamps on chaotic streets, should engage in overall planning and design. Some studies have found that the environmental characteristics of burglary cases in Taipei City are different from the characteristics of crime-saddled urban areas defined by international scholars. Such differences deserve further study. The findings of this study can serve as an environmental design model for future urban development.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 155-177
Issue: 1
Volume: 27
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2085151
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2022.2085151
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# input file: RJUS_A_2085152_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Fei Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Fei
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Ning Gu
Author-X-Name-First: Ning
Author-X-Name-Last: Gu
Title: Exploring the spatio-temporal characteristics and driving factors of urban expansion in Xi'an during 1930–2014
Abstract: 
 Analyzing and understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics and the driving factors of urban expansion over time is crucial for providing solutions to address social, economic and ecological problems caused by urbanisation. Previous studies generally relied on remote sensing data and examined the process of urban expansion in relatively shorter time periods. Taking Xi'an as the case study, this paper uses the proposed urban boundary extraction method by integrating multi-source data to analyze the spatio-temporal characteristics of long-term urban expansion. The research focuses on indicators including expansion intensity, expansion direction, city centre of gravity, compactness, and elasticity, and identify and discusses the driving factors of urban expansion. The results show that the urban expansion of Xi'an has undergone two cyclical changes during 1930-2014. The urban form presents a 'horizontal rectangle-inverted triangle-concave' evolution feature. The city centre of gravity shifts to the northwest. The compactness continues to decline, and the elasticity coefficient rise. It has been identified that economic and demographic factors together with the industrial structure have driven urban expansion, and urban planning policies has influenced the directions of the expansion. The conservation of great ruins in Xi'an has affected the evolution of its urban morphology. Based on the results, we further discuss the future expansion directions of the city, and provide specific suggestions for future urban planning in order to better coordinate urban expansion, and at the same time provide adequate protection to large heritage sites and support urban sustainability. These findings provide not only valuable insights about urban planning of Xi'an, the methodological approach developed in this research is also applicable to other historic cities with similar characteristics in China and beyond.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 39-64
Issue: 1
Volume: 27
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2085152
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2022.2085152
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:27:y:2023:i:1:p:39-64



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# input file: RJUS_A_2072940_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Aynaz Lotfata
Author-X-Name-First: Aynaz
Author-X-Name-Last: Lotfata
Author-Name: Ran Tao
Author-X-Name-First: Ran
Author-X-Name-Last: Tao
Author-Name: Yanfang Su
Author-X-Name-First: Yanfang
Author-X-Name-Last: Su
Title: Evaluating the walking accessibility of Cook County’s public schools to use as open space
Abstract: 
 This paper evaluates hypothesized dual uses of the public schools to increase walking accessibility to open spaces as a part of the permanent urban interventions. The Two-step Floating Catchment Area (2SFCA) method was adopted to measure the 20 min walking accessibility of the public schools in Cook County, the home of the Chicago Metropolitan. We further used the bivariate local Moran I to examine the potential inequality issues in the spatial distribution of the school sites within walking distance. The result reveals geographically varying walking access to public schools. The lowest walking access is predominant across Cook County, including historically racially discriminated areas. This study sets an example of managing the underuse of urban facilities to benefit the neighboring communities. In addition, it provides a snapshot of the relationship between urban planning and geography. Planning should overlap with geography when it examines the spaces of everyday life, spatial relationships among its different dimensions, and the processes that create them.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 1-18
Issue: 1
Volume: 27
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2072940
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2022.2072940
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# input file: RJUS_A_2093260_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Zhou Yu
Author-X-Name-First: Zhou
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu
Author-Name: Michael Haan
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Haan
Author-Name: Chengdong Yi
Author-X-Name-First: Chengdong
Author-X-Name-Last: Yi
Title: The inception of housing pathways in urban China: the declining household formation of young adults from 2011 to 2017
Abstract: 
 The homeownership rate of young adults has surged to an unprecedented level in urban China, despite rising housing prices and significant rural-urban migration. A trend analysis of nationally representative microdata shows that household formation is the missing link in the paradox and that many young adults aged 18–44 have failed to form independent households from 2011 to 2017, thereby delaying the start of their housing pathways. When factors such as socioeconomic and institutional attributes are controlled for, age differences in household formation decrease as expected. However, the age differences grow surprisingly larger over the study period, reflective of reform-induced changes in resource allocation. Further analysis demonstrates significant heterogeneity in headship status. While local young adults are squeezing into homeownership, migrants are overrepresented in the relatively stunted rental sector. Thus, while migration has brought newcomers to urban China and kept the headship rates from falling even further, institutional barriers have blocked migrants’ housing pathways. Overall, the pace of change is breathtaking. There is a growing divergence in young adults’ housing pathways, which depends on the timing of market entry, institutional attributes, housing prices, and personal income.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 129-154
Issue: 1
Volume: 27
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2093260
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2022.2093260
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# input file: RJUS_A_2089202_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: I-Chun Tsai
Author-X-Name-First: I-Chun
Author-X-Name-Last: Tsai
Title: Overheated behaviours and spread effects: an analysis of London’s housing market
Abstract: 
 This paper takes the London housing market as an example to discuss whether housing markets with more significant overheating effects have a greater influence on other housing markets. The spillover effect of London’s housing market has been the subject of much literature, but the empirical results of the relevant literature are inconsistent. This paper proposed a new perspective to explain these inconsistent conclusions: Whether the housing market is overheated or not can affect the spread effect of a regional housing market. The paper estimated the indicators of real estate overheated behaviours and market connectedness. Further, it revealed that when real estate overheated behaviours became more severe, the irrationally high house prices resulted in spread effects. The empirical results also showed that when the overheating effect occurred in London’s housing market, the rental yield of its adjacent regions significantly increased; specifically, the rental yield of a region increased with its closeness to London. The results of this study provide an explanation for the variation in spread effects. This study also indicated that when studying the influence of the relatively booming housing markets on other regions, it is necessary to test the prosperity status of these housing markets to more accurately estimate the spread effects of these markets.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 65-92
Issue: 1
Volume: 27
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2089202
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2022.2089202
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:27:y:2023:i:1:p:65-92

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# input file: RJUS_A_2121310_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Kévin Boiné
Author-X-Name-First: Kévin
Author-X-Name-Last: Boiné
Author-Name: Claude M. H. Demers
Author-X-Name-First: Claude M. H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Demers
Author-Name: Mojtaba Parsaee
Author-X-Name-First: Mojtaba
Author-X-Name-Last: Parsaee
Author-Name: André Potvin
Author-X-Name-First: André
Author-X-Name-Last: Potvin
Title: Visualization of urban heat and light at the pedestrian level
Abstract: 
 This research aims at developing a methodology for integrated visualization of diurnal/nocturnal urban heat and light exposed to pedestrians. Heat and light are major environmental qualities affecting the visual and non-visual experiences of pedestrians in urban spaces. The configuration of urban layouts, including built-up area, density, and surface features, could modify the quality of heat and light exposed to pedestrians. The pedestrian-level integrated visualization of urban heat and light still requires further studies in relation to the individual's field of view, physical elements, and spatiotemporal variations. This research combines thermography, low-dynamic range (LDR) photography, and high-dynamic range (HDR) imagery with thermometry to discuss the typologies and attributes of heat and light which are offered within a 360-degree field of view of pedestrians in two urban layouts in Quebec City, Canada. The thermographic and thermometric methods reveal the non-visual qualities of urban spaces in terms of heat. The LDR photography and HDR imagery display the visual qualities of urban spaces related to light. The selected layouts include a densely constructed fabric and a green open urban space to represent diverse spatial configurations and surface materials. As an exploratory study, a 24-hour survey during a summer day is conducted to use the combined methods to capture and discuss the physical and environmental qualities of the urban layouts. The combined image-based methods foster an enriched, comprehensive visualization and discussion of diurnal and nocturnal patterns offered by air and surface temperatures and lighting conditions. The combined image-based approach enables visualizing and comparing typologies of urban heat and light in relation to building density, trees, greenery, and surface characteristics. Overall, the proposed methodology promotes the integrated visualization approach to study urban environmental qualities which can inform local communities, designers, and decision-makers about the impact of design configuration, material choices, and retrofit solutions.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 301-321
Issue: 2
Volume: 27
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2121310
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2022.2121310
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# input file: RJUS_A_2102538_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Thomas W. Sanchez
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Sanchez
Author-Name: Hannah Shumway
Author-X-Name-First: Hannah
Author-X-Name-Last: Shumway
Author-Name: Trey Gordner
Author-X-Name-First: Trey
Author-X-Name-Last: Gordner
Author-Name: Theo Lim
Author-X-Name-First: Theo
Author-X-Name-Last: Lim
Title: The prospects of artificial intelligence in urban planning
Abstract: 
 Over the past several decades, urban planning has considered a variety of advanced analysis methods with greater and lesser degrees of adoption. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is probably the most notable, with others such as database management systems (DBMS), decision support systems (DSS), planning support systems (PSS), and expert systems (ES), having mixed levels of recognition and acceptance (Kontokosta, C. E. (2021). Urban informatics in the science and practice of planning. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 41(4), 382–395. doi:10.1177/0739456X18793716; Yigitcanlar, T., Desouza, K. C., Butler, L., & Roozkhosh, F. (2020). Contributions and risks of artificial intelligence (AI) in building smarter cities: Insights from a systematic review of the literature. Energies, 13(6), 1473). Advances in information technologies have moved very slowly in the field of urban planning, more recently concerning ‘smart city’ technologies while revolutionizing other domains, such as consumer goods and services. Baidu, Amazon, Netflix, Google, and many others are using these technologies to gain insights into consumer behaviour and characteristics and improve supply chains and logistics.This is an opportune time for urban planners to consider the application of AI-related techniques given vast increases in data availability, increased processing speeds, and increased popularity and development of planning related applications. Research on these topics by urban planning scholars has increased over the past few years, but there is little evidence to suggest that the results are making it into the hands of professional planners (Batty, M. (2018). Artificial intelligence and smart cities. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 45(1), 3–6; Batty, M. (2021). Planning education in the digital age. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 48(2), 207–211). Others encourage planners to leverage the ubiquity of data and advances in computing to enhance redistributive justice in information resources and procedural justice in decision-making among marginalized communities (Boeing, G., Besbris, M., Schachter, A., & Kuk, J. (2020). Housing search in the Age of Big data: Smarter cities or the same Old blind spots? Housing Policy Debate, 31(1), 112–126; Goodspeed, R. (2015). Smart cities: Moving beyond urban cybernetics to tackle wicked problems. Cambridge journal of regions, Economy and Society, 8(1), 79–92). This article highlights findings from a recent literature review on AI in planning and discusses the results of a national survey of urban planners about their perspectives on AI adoption and concerns they have expressed about its broader use in the profession. Currently, the outlook is mixed, matching how urban planners initially viewed the early stages of computer adoption within the profession. And yet today, personal computers are essential to any job.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 179-194
Issue: 2
Volume: 27
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2102538
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2022.2102538
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# input file: RJUS_A_2110144_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Selim Banabak
Author-X-Name-First: Selim
Author-X-Name-Last: Banabak
Title: Neighbourhood rental market integration and private rent trajectories – evidence from the city of Vienna
Abstract: 
 The urban housing regime in Vienna is often regarded as one of the last integrated rental markets once described by Kemeny. Thus, according to the theory, private landlords should be forced to charge lower rents due to direct competition from the social sector. This paper formally tests this hypothesis on a very local level by linking private rent trajectories across Viennese subdistricts to their housing market structure while controlling for possible effects of location, initial prices and socioeconomic variation. Indeed significant evidence for a price dampening effect is found, as higher shares of limited-profit housing within the local rental market substantially increase the probability of a subdistrict joining a lower rent development path. However, the magnitude of the effect increases considerably for more peripheral locations associated to less demand pressure. A similar relationship is found for municipal housing, but with much lower impact, most likely due to comparatively stronger entry barriers. Thus this paper concludes a price dampening neighbourhood effect which varies with the openness of the social housing supply and the centrality of the location.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 239-259
Issue: 2
Volume: 27
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2110144
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2022.2110144
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:27:y:2023:i:2:p:239-259



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# input file: RJUS_A_2116087_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Luis Fuentes Arce
Author-X-Name-First: Luis
Author-X-Name-Last: Fuentes Arce
Author-Name: María Inés Ramírez
Author-X-Name-First: María Inés
Author-X-Name-Last: Ramírez
Author-Name: Sebastián Rodríguez
Author-X-Name-First: Sebastián
Author-X-Name-Last: Rodríguez
Author-Name: Andrés Señoret
Author-X-Name-First: Andrés
Author-X-Name-Last: Señoret
Title: Socio-spatial differentiation in a Latin American metropolis: urban structure, residential mobility, and real estate in the high-income cone of Santiago de Chile
Abstract: 
 The High-Income Cone (HIC) is characteristic of the urban structure of Latin-American metropolises, consisting of a delimited area of the city where inhabitants of high socioeconomic status are located, consolidating the patterns of social segregation and inequality that are typical of those societies. Despite the urban transformations experienced by the metropolises of the continent in the last decades, little study has been done to understand the internal dynamics of HICs, which are usually considered a socially homogeneous space. This article delves into the internal complexities of the HIC of Greater Santiago, investigating its residential mobility processes and distinguishing between traditional and recent inhabitants, or ‘inheritors’ and ‘achievers’. Our results indicate the presence of parallel processes of residential mobility, where ‘achievers’ are concentrated in the apartments located in the pericentral zone of the HIC, while ‘inheritors’ move to the houses located in the extreme east. This process of permeability and filtering is conditioned by the recent trends of neoliberal urban densification and expansion, where the construction of more accessible buildings allows the arrival of certain people to the pericentral areas of the HIC, while the more exclusive houses and gated-communities far east are more accessible for inheritors.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 195-214
Issue: 2
Volume: 27
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2116087
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2022.2116087
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# input file: RJUS_A_2132987_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Hui Li
Author-X-Name-First: Hui
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Author-Name: Lei Cao
Author-X-Name-First: Lei
Author-X-Name-Last: Cao
Author-Name: Youbin Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Youbin
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Author-Name: Huiyi Qiu
Author-X-Name-First: Huiyi
Author-X-Name-Last: Qiu
Author-Name: Xue Huang
Author-X-Name-First: Xue
Author-X-Name-Last: Huang
Author-Name: Wanqi Guo
Author-X-Name-First: Wanqi
Author-X-Name-Last: Guo
Author-Name: Shuntao Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Shuntao
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Weiguo Sheng
Author-X-Name-First: Weiguo
Author-X-Name-Last: Sheng
Author-Name: Yilu Zhou
Author-X-Name-First: Yilu
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhou
Author-Name: Qing Xu
Author-X-Name-First: Qing
Author-X-Name-Last: Xu
Title: Emergy analysis-based study of the sustainable development of Kunming’s urban eco-economic system
Abstract: 
 We studied Kunming’s urban eco-economic system’s evolution from 2009 to 2018, using the emergy theory and method; with the entropy evaluation method, we analyzed the system’s natural, social and economic subsystems to know its sustainable development capacity. The results show that the system’s emergy structure has clearly improved, and its renewable resources’ emergy has been rationally employed. The environment load ratio, after reaching its peak in 2011, has been decreasing, and the environment stress has becoming lower year by year, as is conducive to sustainable development. Its eco-economic system, however, is highly dependent on the internal resources; its emergy self-sufficiency ratio indicates that it does not see sufficient utilization of imported emergy and feels excessive stress on its internal resources. It witnesses relatively high emergy intensity. The current population is about twice of its renewable resources’ population carrying capacity, and its dramatically growing population is presenting even high pressure on its social subsystems. This indicates that the living standard per capita in Kunming is lower than the national average. All of these factors will hinder the sustainable development of Kunming’s urban eco-economic system.Our analysis of attribute classification shows that it is more appropriate to calculate the tourist revenue by taking into account export emergy. At the same time, the analysis results of sustainable development emergy indexes obtained by ESI, EISD, euehi, euehi’ and entropy method are compared, which shows that the entropy method is able to better reflect the dynamic changes of the sustainable development capacity of its urban eco-economic system because it introduces all indicators of social, economic and natural subsystems for evaluation. In a word, sustainable development capacity represents the outcome of tradeoff and coordination of the three subsystems of society, economy and nature, and we can formulate corresponding strategies based on the above research findings.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 322-343
Issue: 2
Volume: 27
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2132987
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2022.2132987
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# input file: RJUS_A_2123025_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Kenta Kikuchi
Author-X-Name-First: Kenta
Author-X-Name-Last: Kikuchi
Author-Name: Takuya Maruyama
Author-X-Name-First: Takuya
Author-X-Name-Last: Maruyama
Title: Spatiotemporal change in duration of households with every member out-of-home: a case in Kumamoto, Japan
Abstract: 
 Nobody-at-home situations can cause several problems, such as home-delivery failures and burglaries. A recent study demonstrated temporal profiles of households with every member out-of-home (HEMO) situation by using household travel surveys. However, the spatial distribution of HEMO and its transition were not examined, and the effect of household attributes on HEMO was not analyzed statistically. In this study, the spatiotemporal variation in HEMO duration was investigated to address this gap, and the duration was analyzed using two econometric models. The 1984, 1997, and 2012 household travel surveys from Kumamoto, Japan, were used for the spatiotemporal visualization. In addition, the Tobit model and time allocation model were developed to statistically determine the reason for the variation in duration. The average HEMO duration increased by more than 1 h between 1984 and 2012. The downtown area revealed a longer HEMO duration, and the area with a longer duration expanded to rural areas between 1984 and 2012. The estimated econometric models revealed the statistical impacts of household attributes on HEMO duration. The HEMO duration of single-person households with a worker or student was long, and that of households with a working husband and homemaker wife was short. The spatiotemporal distribution of HEMO durations presented in this paper has the potential to be used in future urban studies, including those on the logistics of home-delivery, home-visiting survey design, crime prevention, and energy research.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 260-279
Issue: 2
Volume: 27
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2123025
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2022.2123025
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:27:y:2023:i:2:p:260-279



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# input file: RJUS_A_2114929_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Jianhua Song
Author-X-Name-First: Jianhua
Author-X-Name-Last: Song
Author-Name: Gang Ren
Author-X-Name-First: Gang
Author-X-Name-Last: Ren
Author-Name: Jiefei Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Jiefei
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Author-Name: Zhaowen Qiu
Author-X-Name-First: Zhaowen
Author-X-Name-Last: Qiu
Title: Evaluating zone of influence for traffic-related emissions generated near bus stops: a case study in Nanjing, China
Abstract: 
 The estimation of zone of influence (ZoI) at bus stops is the basis for accurately modelling vehicle emissions and assessing the exposure of pedestrians to airborne toxins at emission hotspot locations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in ZoIs for traffic-related emissions at different bus stops. An integrated approach coupling a traffic simulation model (VISSIM) with an emission model (MOVES) was implemented to estimate the vehicle emissions in ZoIs at bus stops for different scenarios. The results demonstrated that lane management mode and traffic conditions had a significant impact on vehicle emissions near different bus stops, and the emission factors (EFs) of pollutants were highest in the acceleration sublink. In addition, the length of the acceleration and queue sublinks mainly determined the length of the ZoIs of bus stops. Owing to the stop-and-go condition, the average contribution of CO, PM2.5, and PM10 towards the ZoI at curbside bus stop and bus bay without exclusive bus lane was significantly higher than under cruising condition. The sensitivity analysis also showed that the emission was more sensitive to acceleration than deceleration. Therefore, the emissions of the departure links for bus stops were significantly higher than those of the approach links. Commuters should reduce the long-time waiting at bus stops, wait downstream of bus stop when waiting for the bus stop, and the vehicles at the bus stop should accelerate slowly when leaving, which will all help to minimize the exposure of commuters to pollutants.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 280-300
Issue: 2
Volume: 27
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2114929
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2022.2114929
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# input file: RJUS_A_2114928_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Shahokh Soltaninia
Author-X-Name-First: Shahokh
Author-X-Name-Last: Soltaninia
Author-Name: Lobat Taghavi
Author-X-Name-First: Lobat
Author-X-Name-Last: Taghavi
Author-Name: Seyed Abbas Hosseini
Author-X-Name-First: Seyed Abbas
Author-X-Name-Last: Hosseini
Author-Name: Baharak Motamedvaziri
Author-X-Name-First: Baharak
Author-X-Name-Last: Motamedvaziri
Author-Name: Saeid Eslamian
Author-X-Name-First: Saeid
Author-X-Name-Last: Eslamian
Title: The effects of antecedent dry days and land use types on urban runoff quality in a semi-Arid region
Abstract: 
 This study simulated the effects of land-use changes on runoff pollution in a catchment of Tehran, Iran. The catchment has a semi-arid climate, a relatively long period from dry summer to rainy autumn and highly varying precipitation levels. Urban runoff samples were collected from six stations including five different land-based activities and a mixed land-use, which supported all land-use types. Event Mean Concentration (EMC) was applied to determine the Nonpoint Source (NPS) pollution of urban runoff such as Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Total Nitrogen (TN), Total Phosphorus (TP) and heavy metals, including zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and lead (Pb), in five land-uses. Sampling was performed during five events with different Antecedent Dry Days (ADDs) in time period 2019-2020. The Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) was employed to simulate the quality of urban runoff base on measured EMCs in each event for the different parameters under investigation and the average of measured EMCs. The results illustrated that that the maximum and minimum amount of EMCs were pertained to the events with 115 and 1 dry days respectively. While, daily simulation of runoff pollution based on measured amount of EMCs in the catchment indicated that the calibration criteria such as Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Normalized Objective Function (NOF), Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) and R2 were very good for the minimum amount of EMCs and satisfactory for the average of EMC`s calculated, NSE values was not satisfactory for the maximum amount of EMCs. Uncertainty of ADDs can significantly affect the results of the maximum EMC simulation. This study also found higher TSS and TP concentrations in runoff in open space land-use and significantly higher heavy metals and TN concentrations in runoff in the industrial land-use compared with other land-use types in the catchment.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 215-238
Issue: 2
Volume: 27
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2114928
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2022.2114928
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:27:y:2023:i:2:p:215-238

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# input file: RJUS_A_2134182_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Reuben Tamakloe
Author-X-Name-First: Reuben
Author-X-Name-Last: Tamakloe
Author-Name: D. Park
Author-X-Name-First: D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Park
Title: Factors influencing fatal vehicle-involved crash consequence metrics at spatio-temporal hotspots in South Korea: application of GIS and machine learning techniques
Abstract: 
 Studies have employed several techniques to identify the effect of individual risk factors influencing crashes at hotspot locations. Nevertheless, as crashes are sometimes influenced by a combination of risk factors, identifying the chains of factors collectively contributing to fatal crashes at hotspot locations could provide added insights for improving traffic safety. By employing fatal crash data from Korea, this study identifies hotspots with increasing (critical) and decreasing (diminishing) temporal trends using a spatio-temporal hotspot analysis tool in GIS. Further, a machine learning technique is employed to explore the chains of factors influencing the number of vehicles and the number of casualties involved in fatal crashes at intersections and midblocks in each hotspot type identified. In general, results showed that minibuses/vans and construction vehicles were mainly at fault for fatal single-vehicle pedestrian-involved crashes. While many casualties and vehicles are likely to be involved in crashes at midblocks during the daytime regardless of the hotspot type, the nighttime variable was particularly associated with large casualty-size crashes at critical intersection hotspots. Further, while reckless driving was mostly associated with single-vehicle crashes at intersections in diminishing hotspots, pedestrian protection, and improper centreline crossing violations were more pronounced at midblocks in diminishing hotspots. This analysis identified groups of factors that could be collectively controlled to improve road safety and proposed countermeasures to mitigate fatal crashes on roadways.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 483-517
Issue: 3
Volume: 27
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2134182
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2022.2134182
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# input file: RJUS_A_1938641_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Li Yingcheng
Author-X-Name-First: Li
Author-X-Name-Last: Yingcheng
Author-Name: Xiong Weiting
Author-X-Name-First: Xiong
Author-X-Name-Last: Weiting
Author-Name: Hu Xiaowu
Author-X-Name-First: Hu
Author-X-Name-Last: Xiaowu
Title: The geography of intercity technological proximity: evidence from China
Abstract: 
 In the context of a globalizing knowledge economy, cities have become more technologically proximate due to the increasing exchanges of people, information, and knowledge. However, technological proximity at the city level has gained relatively little attention within the vast literature on proximity. Drawing upon detailed address information on nearly 3.6 million invention patents that were applied in China between 2012 and 2016, this paper investigates the geography of intercity technological proximity among 286 Chinese cities. Technological proximity is measured by comparing cities’ technological profiles which are represented by the distribution of different classifications of patenting activity in which cities specialize. The empirical results show that the level of intercity technological proximity among Chinese cities has been generally on the rise. Moreover, there is strong spatial political bias in the geography of intercity technological proximity, with geographical proximity and institutional proximity having played a significantly positive role in facilitating intercity technological proximity.
HighlightsMeasure technological proximity among 286 Chinese cities using patent dataThe level of intercity technological proximity has been generally on the riseThe geography of intercity technological proximity has a spatial political biasGeographical and institutional proximity facilitates technological proximity
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 355-370
Issue: 3
Volume: 27
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2021.1938641
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2021.1938641
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:27:y:2023:i:3:p:355-370



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# input file: RJUS_A_2085154_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Haitao Ma
Author-X-Name-First: Haitao
Author-X-Name-Last: Ma
Author-Name: Xuanfang Xu
Author-X-Name-First: Xuanfang
Author-X-Name-Last: Xu
Title: The effects of proximities on the evolving structure of intercity innovation networks in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area: comparison between scientific and technology knowledge
Abstract: 
 The various knowledge flows shape and change the regional innovation patterns, which are also influenced by regional conditions. What are the similarities, differences and connections between science and technology linkage, as two different types of knowledge network, deserve to be explored in depth. Drawing on scientific paper co-publications and patent transfer data, we constructed two different types of intercity innovation networks during 2006–2016 in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA), a city region special for its ‘one country, two systems’ structure. After that, we explored the evolutionary characteristics of the networks and further examined the different impacts of multidimensional proximity on scientific collaboration and technology transfer. Our results show that technology transfer is more sensitive to spatial factors, institutional barriers caused by ‘one country, two systems’ is a bigger obstacle to technology transfer between cities, cultural proximity and cognitive proximity have a more significant impact on paper cooperation network. Moreover, geographical proximity can indirectly affect knowledge spillover by acting on the proximity of other dimensions. As for scientific collaboration, social, cognitive and institutional proximities can compensate for the lack of geographical proximity, and cultural proximity frequently goes along with geographical proximity; as for technology transfer, geographical proximity has neither substitutional or complementarity relations with cultural and cognitive proximities, the interrelatedness between geographical and institutional and social proximities are complementarity which is opposed to paper co-publications. This study explores the differences in spillover mechanisms of different knowledge types and contributes to enriching the empirical framework of multidimensional proximities and innovation network researches.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 390-413
Issue: 3
Volume: 27
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2085154
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2022.2085154
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:27:y:2023:i:3:p:390-413



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# input file: RJUS_A_2085153_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Kai Zhu
Author-X-Name-First: Kai
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhu
Author-Name: Jili Xu
Author-X-Name-First: Jili
Author-X-Name-Last: Xu
Author-Name: Xiangyu Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Xiangyu
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Title: The evolution of urban innovation space and its spatial relationships with talents’ living demands: evidence from Hangzhou, China
Abstract: 
 Urban innovation space functions not only as physical carriers for innovative activities but also as coordinating entities for balancing innovation production and talents’ living demands in the city. However, existing studies pay inadequate attention to the demand side of high-skilled talents who build urban innovation space. This paper, therefore, focuses on the evolution of urban innovation space and its spatial relationships with supporting factors (i.e. high-tech enterprises, intellectual carriers, public transportation, commercial facilities) satisfying talents’ living demands in Hangzhou, China. It is found that the urban innovation space in Hangzhou has evolved from a monocentric pattern towards a polycentric one, which is coined as ‘one main core, three sub-cores and six groups’. The spatial agglomerations of high-tech enterprises reflect the recent expansion trends of urban innovation space. The intellectual carriers have intensified a high-level spatial agglomeration of innovation in central and peripheral urban areas. Transportation conditions operate to enhance the agglomeration and selective dissemination of urban innovation space along key traffic corridors. Urban innovation space is primarily located within the service scope of business and commercial facilities. In short, the four supporting factors spatially match well with the urban innovation space in Hangzhou at present, which contributes to sustainable innovation and people-oriented urban development.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 442-460
Issue: 3
Volume: 27
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2085153
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2022.2085153
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# input file: RJUS_A_2149610_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Young-Hyun Song
Author-X-Name-First: Young-Hyun
Author-X-Name-Last: Song
Author-Name: Jung Wook Kim
Author-X-Name-First: Jung Wook
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim
Title: The spatial spillover effect of technological innovation network in cities: a case of the high-tech industry of Yangtze River Delta
Abstract: 
 This study aims to investigate the formation of the inter-city technology innovation network and its economic effects on the Yangtze River Delta (YRD). To examine the innovation network, this study utilizes high-tech industry registered patent data that provide for a more substantial formation of the inter-city technology network. First, this study finds that a solid technology innovation network was formed between most cities in YRD. Moreover, we found that various small, medium-sized and large cities acted as hubs for the networks. Lastly, a spatial econometrics model was constructed and empirical analysis was conducted to determine whether the spatial spillover effect through YRD’s inter-city technology innovation network actually occurs and to what extent. The result confirms that there is a positive spatial spillover effect through a technology innovation network between cities in the YRD high-tech industrial sector.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 414-441
Issue: 3
Volume: 27
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2149610
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2022.2149610
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:27:y:2023:i:3:p:414-441



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# input file: RJUS_A_2042365_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Liang Dai
Author-X-Name-First: Liang
Author-X-Name-Last: Dai
Author-Name: Ben Derudder
Author-X-Name-First: Ben
Author-X-Name-Last: Derudder
Author-Name: Zhan Cao
Author-X-Name-First: Zhan
Author-X-Name-Last: Cao
Author-Name: Yufan Ji
Author-X-Name-First: Yufan
Author-X-Name-Last: Ji
Title: Examining the evolving structures of intercity knowledge networks: the case of scientific collaboration in China
Abstract: 
 Drawing on data on scientific co-publications derived from the Web of Science for the periods 2002–2006 and 2012–2016, we construct and analyse a key element of China's intercity knowledge networks (CIKNs): scientific collaboration networks. Employing network-analytical and exponential random graph modelling techniques, we examine the evolving structures and driving mechanisms underlying these CIKNs. Our results show that the density of the CIKNs has significantly increased over time. CIKN flows are dense in the Southeastern but sparse in the Northwestern part of China, with the Hu Line acting as a clearly visible border. As the dominant knowledge centre, Beijing is involved in scientific collaboration networks throughout the country, with the diamond-shaped structure anchored by Beijing-Shanghai-Guangzhou-Chengdu becoming evident. We find that preferential attachment and transitivity are significant endogenous processes driving scientific collaboration, while a city's administrative level and R&D investment are the strongest exogenous factors. The impact of GDP and geographical proximity is limited, with institutional proximity being the most sizable of the well-known suite of proximity effects.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 371-389
Issue: 3
Volume: 27
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2042365
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2022.2042365
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# input file: RJUS_A_2134181_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Hee-Jung Jun
Author-X-Name-First: Hee-Jung
Author-X-Name-Last: Jun
Title: The reciprocal relationship between social capital and community development in a Korean Chinese enclave: the case of Daerim 2-dong in Seoul
Abstract: 
 This study examines the relationship between social capital and community development as well as the interaction mechanism between different types of social capital in community development in a Korean-Chinese enclave in Seoul, Korea. For empirical analysis, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 community members in Daerim 2-dong, the largest Korean-Chinese enclave in Korea. The empirical analysis shows that as an input of community development, bonding, bridging, and linking capital all led to the improvement of both social and physical community environments. Furthermore, community development activities increase social capital by facilitating contact and interaction among community members. Additionally, bonding capital among the Korean Chinese was found to be a critical factor for developing bridging and linking capital in the community development process. These results suggest a two-way association between social capital and community development. Based on these findings, this study suggests that greater attention should be paid to the two-way association to promote a reciprocal relationship between social capital and community development in ethnically diverse communities. Moreover, the usefulness of bonding capital among migrants should be considered in community development.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 518-542
Issue: 3
Volume: 27
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2134181
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2022.2134181
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:27:y:2023:i:3:p:518-542



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# input file: RJUS_A_2154250_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Xiao Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Xiao
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Title: Equity-based linkages in the evolving process of industry enclaves: a case study of Suzhou Industrial Park, China
Abstract: 
 Chinese policymakers have widely established special economic zones (SEZs) as key drivers to attract FDI, and by extension facilitate R&D and technology diffusion to realize industry upgrading. However, to the extent that SEZs might be regarded as enclaves, the extent to which subsidiaries of MNEs foster local linkages and transfer knowledge in SEZs remains unclear. This research investigates the state of the linkages generated by firms that have shareholders from incoming MNEs within an SEZ to see if these linkages show signs of knowledge diffusion in the local area. The empirical research is based on a case study of Suzhou Industrial Park (SIP) through secondary data collection on the equity investment of incoming MNEs within SIP and data from semi-structured interviews. The findings suggest that the organizational network of incoming MNEs in SIP is still internalized, and technology transfer through these linkages is weak – this despite SIP apparently having evolved from an enclave to an urban economic agglomeration.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 461-482
Issue: 3
Volume: 27
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2154250
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2022.2154250
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# input file: RJUS_A_2229807_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Li Yingcheng
Author-X-Name-First: Li
Author-X-Name-Last: Yingcheng
Title: The changing spatialities of China’s knowledge economy: introduction to the special issue
Abstract: 
 This paper introduces the special issue on The Changing Spatialities of The Knowledge Economy in China in the International Journal of Urban Sciences in 2023. It begins with the introduction of the motivation of this special issue, arguing that it is both timely and necessary to analyse the changing spatialities of the knowledge economy in China where knowledge economy and innovation-driven development have gained growing attention in recent years. It then provides a critical review on innovation networks at different geographical scales and the rise of urban innovation space, which are conceived as two important perspectives to understand the changing spatialities of China’s knowledge economy. The main contents and contributions of the six papers in this special issue are then briefly discussed, which is followed by a short conclusion.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 345-354
Issue: 3
Volume: 27
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2023.2229807
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2023.2229807
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:27:y:2023:i:3:p:345-354

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# input file: RJUS_A_2154249_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Suchismita Nayak
Author-X-Name-First: Suchismita
Author-X-Name-Last: Nayak
Author-Name: Debapratim Pandit
Author-X-Name-First: Debapratim
Author-X-Name-Last: Pandit
Title: A critical review of activity participation decision: a key component of activity-based travel demand models
Abstract: 
 Activity-based travel demand models (ABM) have gained popularity during the last three decades and are currently in use in several urban areas. In ABM, special emphasis is given to modelling individuals’ decisions related to participation in activity and its scheduling. Most researchers and popular ABM frameworks have, however, refrained from implicit activity participation decision modelling and have concentrated only on the activity scheduling part thus replacing ‘activity’ with ‘tour’ as the main focus of ABM. This may lead to oversimplification and may offset the need for ABMs in the first place. Thus there is a need to review research focusing on activity participation decisions to facilitate their incorporation and eventual strengthening of existing ABM frameworks. Accordingly, a critical review of activity generation focusing on conceptualization, modelling approaches and activity categorization is conducted to identify the lacunas towards making it more policy-sensitive, efficient and behaviourally realistic. The strength and weaknesses of different modelling techniques are also explored to understand their prediction accuracy and computational complexities. Additionally, the progress of activity participation decision modelling within the existing ABM frameworks is also traced. The existing models are also explored through the lens of changing activity-travel behaviour of urban commuters resulting from technological improvement and wide access to telecommunication services even in developing countries. Our review not only traces the transition of standalone activity participation decision models to activity agenda generation and activity sequence generation models but also identifies the progress in incorporating various spatio-temporal interaction effects and the underlying behavioural dynamics of activity participation decisions within these models. One issue identified though is the trade-off between behavioural dynamism and data requirement and the need for standardization of activity categories.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 670-703
Issue: 4
Volume: 27
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2154249
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2022.2154249
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:27:y:2023:i:4:p:670-703



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# input file: RJUS_A_2132988_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Kan Zhu
Author-X-Name-First: Kan
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhu
Author-Name: Fangzhu Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Fangzhu
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Author-Name: Fulong Wu
Author-X-Name-First: Fulong
Author-X-Name-Last: Wu
Title: Creating a state strategic innovation space: the development of the Zhangjiang Science City in Shanghai
Abstract: 
 The development of science parks has been studied extensively. Understanding these innovation spaces requires us to investigate the development context beyond local knowledge dynamics. This paper examines the Zhangjiang Science City in Shanghai, the first science city endorsed by the central government in China. We find three salient features. First, the Zhangjiang Science City represents China’s latest state innovation strategy to build Shanghai into a National Comprehensive Innovation Centre. Second, the science city is no longer a mono-functional park. It is integrated into Shanghai’s overall urban development. Third, the state’s role is visible, and state actors are involved in implementing this innovation strategy. This study reveals that the science city is a state strategic innovation space.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 599-621
Issue: 4
Volume: 27
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2132988
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2022.2132988
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:27:y:2023:i:4:p:599-621



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# input file: RJUS_A_2154248_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Xiaolin Wu
Author-X-Name-First: Xiaolin
Author-X-Name-Last: Wu
Author-Name: Xiaoqin Tan
Author-X-Name-First: Xiaoqin
Author-X-Name-Last: Tan
Title: Is the gated community really safe? An empirical analysis based on communities with varying degrees of closure
Abstract: 
 Gated communities are considered a way of living that provides privacy and security. Existing research has mostly focused on subjective emotional judgments such as fear of crime, while it is unclear whether communities with different degrees of closure have avoided insecure incidents. Taking six communities and 649 questionnaires in Changsha, China as study cases, we analyze the relationship between community closure and community security. The results show that not gated communities but open communities are the safest, while semi-gated communities are the least safe. It is confirmed that community security is regardless of being gated. One possible explanation for this is the joint effect of ‘dual security scenarios’. This means that the living communities’ security is not only rooted in the construction of a safe physical space, but also depended on a humanistic atmosphere with informal relations and residents’ safety awareness, providing natural surveillance possibilities.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 725-745
Issue: 4
Volume: 27
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2154248
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2022.2154248
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:27:y:2023:i:4:p:725-745



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# input file: RJUS_A_1915854_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Hwajin Lim
Author-X-Name-First: Hwajin
Author-X-Name-Last: Lim
Author-Name: Changyo Han
Author-X-Name-First: Changyo
Author-X-Name-Last: Han
Title: National borders transcended: the impact of geographical proximity on the growth of global innovation networks among cities in East Asia
Abstract: 
 Recently, the concept of the global innovation network (GIN) has been emphasized in view of increasing joint international research within regional economies as enabled by drastic changes in technology. However, insights gained from quantitative analysis of GINs are lacking. This study empirically investigated the GINs among major cities in East Asia by using data on patented co-inventions. This included an analysis of the factors that influence networks in the formation of international research collaborations in East Asia, and its interplay with geographical proximity. The results of the analysis suggest that there is a system of mesoscale international networks such as those in East Asia between GINs and national innovation systems. Our findings suggest that future policy should be more supportive of international innovation networks, especially in East Asia.Highlights
This study traces the evolution of global innovation networks among major East Asian cities over time.China, South Korea, and Taiwan are increasing their share in the network.Geographical proximity has the greatest influence on global innovation network.Networks formed by transnational geographic proximity are found between major cities.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 570-598
Issue: 4
Volume: 27
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2021.1915854
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2021.1915854
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# input file: RJUS_A_2142650_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Subasish Das
Author-X-Name-First: Subasish
Author-X-Name-Last: Das
Author-Name: Xiaoqiang “Jack” Kong
Author-X-Name-First: Xiaoqiang “Jack”
Author-X-Name-Last: Kong
Author-Name: Md Mahmud Hossain
Author-X-Name-First: Md Mahmud
Author-X-Name-Last: Hossain
Title: Exploration on prior driving modes for automated vehicle collisions
Abstract: 
 The emergence of automated vehicles (AV) has been occurring rapidly as these vehicles have the potential to reduce/eradicate human driving faults and related collisions. To enhance AV safety, the NHTSA recommends the continuous presence of a backup human driver that has a reasonable understanding of AV technologies to ensure disengagement when manual overtake is required. However, due to several AV-related traffic crashes during roadway testing and extensive media interest, AV safety has become a critical issue. This study collected 255 crash reports filed by different manufacturers testing AVs in California from September 2014 to April 2020. The crash dataset was analyzed using two data mining algorithms (association rule mining and text network analysis) to identify the key AV-related crash attributes and their associations based on the vehicle’s prior driving mode (conventional or automated). The results show that the manner of collision and the prior movement of the testing vehicle are strongly connected with prior driving mode. For example, AV crashes in a manual driving mode often result in a sideswipe collision during moving status, whereas AV crashes in an automated driving mode are highly associated with rear-end collisions when AVs are stopped in traffic. The findings of this study can help policymakers and AV engineers improve AV deployment strategies to support the adoption of AVs and promote potential safety benefits for AV technologies.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 622-644
Issue: 4
Volume: 27
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2142650
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2022.2142650
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# input file: RJUS_A_2137566_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Nestor Garza
Author-X-Name-First: Nestor
Author-X-Name-Last: Garza
Author-Name: Ivan Verbel-Montes
Author-X-Name-First: Ivan
Author-X-Name-Last: Verbel-Montes
Author-Name: José Ramos-Ruiz
Author-X-Name-First: José
Author-X-Name-Last: Ramos-Ruiz
Title: Urban life cycle and long-run violence: Colombia 1938–2018
Abstract: 
 This paper revisits and improves upon the traditional urban life cycle theory, using it as a long-term conceptual baseline model to assess the effect of the Colombian internal armed conflict on urbanization during 1938–2018. The paper makes three innovations: (1) It uses a third-degree autoregressive panel estimation to detect the underlying Data Generating Process of the urban life cycle, a feature that eluded original scholarship in the field; (2) It uses the baseline urban life cycle model to assess the impact of long-term violence in Colombia; and (3) It produces an inductive conceptual approach to the relationship between urbanization and economic development. Our third-degree autoregressive panel models adequately explain the urban concentration cycles experienced by Colombia’s 20 largest metropolitan areas, regardless of using different specification structures. It also correctly controls the long-term trends of the demographic transition that the country experienced during that period: its rate of urbanization increased from 31 to 68% between 1938 and 2018; the largest 20 metro areas increased their participation in the total population from 17 to 54%; and yearly total population growth increased from 2.12% in the 1940s to its peak 3.19% in the 1970s, decreasing to 1.18% in the 2010s. The homicide rate had a controlling effect on the increasing parts of the urban life cycle, acting as a deterrent of urban concentration per metropolitan area.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 704-724
Issue: 4
Volume: 27
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2137566
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2022.2137566
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:27:y:2023:i:4:p:704-724



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# input file: RJUS_A_2165531_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Sungtaek Choi
Author-X-Name-First: Sungtaek
Author-X-Name-Last: Choi
Author-Name: Daejin Kim
Author-X-Name-First: Daejin
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim
Author-Name: Joonho Ko
Author-X-Name-First: Joonho
Author-X-Name-Last: Ko
Author-Name: Jonghan Park
Author-X-Name-First: Jonghan
Author-X-Name-Last: Park
Author-Name: Yongseok Ko
Author-X-Name-First: Yongseok
Author-X-Name-Last: Ko
Title: Value of travel time savings of autonomous vehicle commuters: a segmented valuation for local and inter-city travel
Abstract: 
 In this study we aim to identify how the adoption of autonomous vehicles (AVs) affects the value of travel time savings (VOTTS) for commuting trips under different trip distance scenarios (local and inter-city travel). Using a stated preference survey administered to Korean commuters in 2019, two multinomial logit (MNL) mode choice models are developed. These models are stratified by trip length and include four alternatives: AV with a manual driving option (AVMD), AV with a self-driving option (AVSD), shared AV (SAV), and public transit (PT). The results show that the value of in-vehicle travel time savings for AVSD (on average, $7.61/hr) is lower than for the other two AV modes (AVMD = $10.26/hr, SAV = $13.67/hr). It suggests that travelers tend to pay less to reduce travel time while using a private hands-free mode because it allows travelers to use their travel time more productively and/or relieve stress for driving. In addition, changes in the VOTTS for each mode vary by trip length. As travel distance increases, VOTTS for shared modes (SAV and PT) tends to decrease. The value of in-vehicle travel time for SAV in the local travel scenario is the highest among the four modes but is considerably lower than that in the inter-city scenario. These differences suggest that travelers require a certain amount of time to fully use their in-vehicle time, highlighting the importance of trip length when determining the VOTTS. Interestingly, the VOTTS for PT is lower than three AV modes, implying that it might be too early to expect substantial reduction in the VOTTS for AVs due to potential risks of accidents, unfamiliarity with AVs, or immature technology of AVs.Highlights
Likelihood of choosing autonomous vehicles is modelled based on trip length.Changes in value of travel time savings for each mode vary by trip length.Value of travel time savings for public transit is lower than autonomous vehicles.Self-driving vehicles have a low value of travel time savings than other modes.People need a certain amount of time to fully perform activities while traveling.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 645-669
Issue: 4
Volume: 27
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2023.2165531
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2023.2165531
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# input file: RJUS_A_1899845_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Jingxiao Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Jingxiao
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Author-Name: Zhiyue Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Zhiyue
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Author-Name: Pablo Ballesteros-Pérez
Author-X-Name-First: Pablo
Author-X-Name-Last: Ballesteros-Pérez
Author-Name: Martin Skitmore
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Skitmore
Author-Name: Guoliang Yang
Author-X-Name-First: Guoliang
Author-X-Name-Last: Yang
Author-Name: Simon P. Philbin
Author-X-Name-First: Simon P.
Author-X-Name-Last: Philbin
Author-Name: Qingchang Lu
Author-X-Name-First: Qingchang
Author-X-Name-Last: Lu
Title: Factors influencing environmental performance: a bibliometric review and future research agenda
Abstract: 
 Environmental performance allows measuring the existing gap between countries regarding their environmental policy objectives. Improving environmental performance also allows countries to achieve their sustainable development goals. However, a systematic identification of factors influencing environmental performance constitutes a premise to improve it and such a review of factors has not been conducted in previous research. This paper develops a quantitative literature review of the factors influencing environmental performance in which a total of 84 journal papers were identified by keyword retrieval between 2004 and 2019. Literature metrological and literature content analyses are performed and two major research outcomes are obtained: first, a list of environmental performance influencing factors and a classification of the five main research streams related to environmental performance: enterprise, government, economy, technology and society. Second, building on the previous classification, a research agenda is proposed which points out current shortcomings and potential research directions for environmental performance research. The results of this piece of research provides a theoretical reference for improving environmental performance. It can also help countries target better environmental management practices when seeking global sustainable development.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 543-569
Issue: 4
Volume: 27
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2021.1899845
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2021.1899845
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# input file: RJUS_A_2209544_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Heather R. Stevens
Author-X-Name-First: Heather R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Stevens
Author-Name: Petra L. Graham
Author-X-Name-First: Petra L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Graham
Author-Name: Paul J. Beggs
Author-X-Name-First: Paul J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Beggs
Author-Name: Ivan C. Hanigan
Author-X-Name-First: Ivan C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hanigan
Title: No retreat from the heat: temperature-related risk of violent assault is increased by being inside
Abstract: 
 Studies finding an association between increasing temperature and violent crime have largely overlooked the potential effect modification of crime location. This study analysed 13 years of reported violent crime to investigate if there is a relationship between daily ambient temperature and crime type (domestic, non-domestic and sexual assault), and how this differs by whether the crime occurred inside or out. We found that predicted daily counts of domestic violence increased with temperature, and this association was greater for locations inside. Non-domestic assaults also increased with higher temperature, however when compared by location the incidents that occurred outside rose to around 30°C then plateaued while inside the risk continued to rise. Sexual assault peaked and then declined at around 30°C in inside and outside locations. The findings support the development of prevention and preparedness strategies by considering how the complex drivers behind the temperature–aggression association are modified by the location where it occurred.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 124-139
Issue: 1
Volume: 28
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2023.2209544
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2023.2209544
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# input file: RJUS_A_2216674_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Jingang Li
Author-X-Name-First: Jingang
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Author-Name: Yingcheng Li
Author-X-Name-First: Yingcheng
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Author-Name: Manya Tu
Author-X-Name-First: Manya
Author-X-Name-Last: Tu
Author-Name: Xingjian Liu
Author-X-Name-First: Xingjian
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Title: Third places as catalysts for technological innovation? Evidence from a grid cell level analysis of Nanjing, China*
Abstract: 
 While third places have often been conceived as key drivers for technological innovation, further empirical modelling is necessary to verify such relationship. Drawing upon a database on geocoded patents and third places in Nanjing, China, this paper investigates their relationship at a grid cell level. The results suggest that both quantity and diversity of third places could be associated with the process of technological innovation. Furthermore, the study finds an inverted U-curve relationship between the quantity of third places and technological innovation, indicating that too many third places may not be linked with higher technological innovation capacity. It also suggests that the number of business incubators may weaken the relationship between third places and technological innovation.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 105-123
Issue: 1
Volume: 28
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2023.2216674
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2023.2216674
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# input file: RJUS_A_2217173_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Ping Yu
Author-X-Name-First: Ping
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu
Author-Name: Shuainan Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Shuainan
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Author-Name: Peng Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Peng
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Title: Revealing the mechanism of urban form affecting energy footprint and carrying capacity: an empirical analysis of Nanjing, China
Abstract: 
 Exploring the factors that affect energy supply and demand is the basis of solving energy problems. And the influence of urban form has brought widespread concern. However, the complex role of urban form indicators is not clear, and the influence mechanism of urban form on overall energy consumption and energy supply capacity needs further discussion. This study analyzes the energy security situation of 11 districts in Nanjing from 1995 to 2017 and explores the effect of inter-index interaction of urban form on energy footprint and carrying capacity. The results show that the direct and indirect effects of water area and urban and rural areas on energy footprint are in opposite directions. Specifically, the urban area with good connectivity and a regular shape is conducive to alleviating the negative effect of the increase. Besides, the effect of the population density on carrying capacity was significant. Combined with the change of land resources, it implies the important role of reasonable land reclamation in improving the capacity to meet increasing demand. This study provides significant suggestions for governing energy security issues from the perspective of urban form.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 48-81
Issue: 1
Volume: 28
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2023.2217173
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2023.2217173
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# input file: RJUS_A_2209548_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Sungtaek Choi
Author-X-Name-First: Sungtaek
Author-X-Name-Last: Choi
Author-Name: Joonho Ko
Author-X-Name-First: Joonho
Author-X-Name-Last: Ko
Author-Name: Randall Guensler
Author-X-Name-First: Randall
Author-X-Name-Last: Guensler
Title: Do subjective measures of transit mode attributes better explain commute satisfaction than objective ones? Empirical evidence from commuters in the Seoul Metropolitan Area
Abstract: 
 The present study investigates determinants affecting commute satisfaction in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, South Korea. In particular, two types of mode attributes including objective (actual commute time and average crowdedness) and subjective (satisfaction with them) measures are incorporated to identify which indicators play a more meaningful role in determining commute satisfaction. Developing both conventional ordered probit models and more advanced models with random parameters, this research addresses two research questions related to the limitation of objective measures in terms of the model fitness and taste heterogeneity among commuters. The results show that subjective measures do not necessarily guarantee a better explanation power, meaning that either indicator can be a source of commuters’ disutility. However, subjective measures appear to be a better indicator of subjective well-being in terms of interpretability, as we confirm that (1) parameter values vary after allowing for heterogeneity at the individual level and (2) individual coefficients of objective measures possibly have a mixed impact (both negative or positive) on the dependent variable. It suggests that subjective measures are worthwhile for modellers, practitioners and decision-makers to explore behaviour at a deeper level although it may not dramatically contribute to model improvement.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 140-156
Issue: 1
Volume: 28
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2023.2209548
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2023.2209548
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# input file: RJUS_A_2172065_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Vadim Boratinskii
Author-X-Name-First: Vadim
Author-X-Name-Last: Boratinskii
Author-Name: Maarten Loopmans
Author-X-Name-First: Maarten
Author-X-Name-Last: Loopmans
Author-Name: Toshihiro Osaragi
Author-X-Name-First: Toshihiro
Author-X-Name-Last: Osaragi
Title: Reshuffling city life: spatial and functional dynamics of urban activity in Tokyo during COVID-19
Abstract: 
 The COVID-19 pandemic, and the measures to curb it have profoundly affected the geography of urban activities in the past years. In this paper, we discuss its effects on urban activity in Tokyo during the first wave of COVID between February and July 2020. Different from other papers, which have analysed general changes in urban activity levels or changes in specific activities, we have focused on changes in activity levels in different types of multifunctional urban activity centres (UAC), allowing us to reveal interactions between UAC types, (combinations of) activities and location within a wider urban system. Our results show how the distribution of urban activity across UAC changed in space and time in reaction to pandemic measures, and relate these dynamics to the spatial patterns of functional specialization of UAC. The existing spatial pattern of UAC allowed urban activities to redistribute spatially, but continue without too much inhibition. Moreover, these changes appeared to be temporary, rather than resulting in irreversible urban transformations. Our analysis thus suggests that Tokyo’s multilayered polynuclear structure appeared to contribute to the city’s pandemic resilience, allowing urban activities to spatially reorganize, without needing to resort to a total lockdown and collapse of urban life.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 21-47
Issue: 1
Volume: 28
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2023.2172065
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2023.2172065
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# input file: RJUS_A_2189156_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Brian Woodall
Author-X-Name-First: Brian
Author-X-Name-Last: Woodall
Author-Name: Mariel Borowitz
Author-X-Name-First: Mariel
Author-X-Name-Last: Borowitz
Author-Name: Kari Watkins
Author-X-Name-First: Kari
Author-X-Name-Last: Watkins
Author-Name: Maria Costa
Author-X-Name-First: Maria
Author-X-Name-Last: Costa
Author-Name: Angela Howard
Author-X-Name-First: Angela
Author-X-Name-Last: Howard
Author-Name: Perrine Kemerait
Author-X-Name-First: Perrine
Author-X-Name-Last: Kemerait
Author-Name: Michelle Lee
Author-X-Name-First: Michelle
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Author-Name: Gavin Rolls
Author-X-Name-First: Gavin
Author-X-Name-Last: Rolls
Author-Name: Yuji Takubo
Author-X-Name-First: Yuji
Author-X-Name-Last: Takubo
Author-Name: Rachel Titshaw
Author-X-Name-First: Rachel
Author-X-Name-Last: Titshaw
Author-Name: Maria Winstead
Author-X-Name-First: Maria
Author-X-Name-Last: Winstead
Author-Name: Jessica Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Jessica
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Author-Name: Daisy Zhou
Author-X-Name-First: Daisy
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhou
Title: The megaregion – forms, functions, and potential? A literature review and proposal for advancing research
Abstract: 
 The megaregion is viewed as a platform from which to address a variety of issues. Despite agreement that a megaregion is a large, globally connected urban agglomeration, there is no consensus as to how to delineate its boundaries and how it differs from other urban forms. The scholarly literature is dominated by three distinct analytic approaches: interdependent systems, nodal linkages, and satellite data. We assess the utility of each approach in delineating the boundaries of four megaregions – BosWash, Greater Tokyo, the Amsterdam-Brussels-Antwerp region, and a Global South megaregion – and conclude by proposing a sequence of steps to guide future research.
HighlightsDelineating megaregion boundaries; differentiation with other urban agglomerations.Dominant approaches: interdependent systems, nodal linkages, and satellite data.Megaregion vignettes: BosWash, Tokyo, Amsterdam-Brussels-Antwerp, and Global South.Comparative analysis requires a clear, broadly accepted definition of megaregion.Combine dominant approaches to clearly define megaregion and delineate boundaries.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 82-104
Issue: 1
Volume: 28
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2023.2189156
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2023.2189156
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# input file: RJUS_A_2154692_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Zora Živanović
Author-X-Name-First: Zora
Author-X-Name-Last: Živanović
Author-Name: Branka Tošić
Author-X-Name-First: Branka
Author-X-Name-Last: Tošić
Author-Name: Natalija Mirić
Author-X-Name-First: Natalija
Author-X-Name-Last: Mirić
Author-Name: Nikola Vračević
Author-X-Name-First: Nikola
Author-X-Name-Last: Vračević
Title: The nature of urban sprawl in Western Balkan cities
Abstract: 
 The paper draws attention to the process of urban growth in the Western Balkans, which is principally reflected in the physical expansion into the surrounding area, leading to the conversion of land into urban fabric – urban sprawl. According to the principles of sustainable development, this process is considered unjustified, especially if it is not a consequence of population growth. The features and the intensity of urban sprawl in the Western Balkans have been determined by mathematical and statistical methods, using data from the Urban Atlas database. The main common features and differences related to urban sprawl in the analyzed cities are determined by several factors, which are discussed in the paper. The purpose of the analysis of the intensity of urban sprawl between 2012 and 2018 is to ensure a better understanding of future processes that pose a potential ‘threat’ in environmental terms, but also of other aspects of sustainable development, relevant for bodies and individuals responsible for urban planning. In accordance with the methodology used, the results of the research confirm the presence of urban sprawl in Western Balkan cities, although it has not been proven that there are features common to all cities for any of the analyzed indicators.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 1-20
Issue: 1
Volume: 28
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2022.2154692
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2022.2154692
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# input file: RJUS_A_2233947_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Hongri Sun
Author-X-Name-First: Hongri
Author-X-Name-Last: Sun
Author-Name: Guolei Zhou
Author-X-Name-First: Guolei
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhou
Author-Name: Yanjun Liu
Author-X-Name-First: Yanjun
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Author-Name: Hui Fu
Author-X-Name-First: Hui
Author-X-Name-Last: Fu
Title: Relationship between the degree and spatial pattern of urban shrinkage based on nighttime light data: a case study of the old industrial area in Northeast China
Abstract: 
 Urban shrinkage is a common phenomenon worldwide, but the relationship between the degree and spatial pattern of urban shrinkage is unclear. This paper takes the old northeastern industrial base, a region with a concentration of shrinking cities in China, as the study area. With the help of multi-source remote sensing images, this study first identified the degree and spatial pattern of urban shrinkage, and then investigated their relationship using the chi-square test. A total of 63 physical urban areas were identified as shrinking cities during the period 2013–2018. Among them, the proportion of cities with moderate and severe shrinking was relatively high. The spatial patterns of urban shrinkage are classified as central shrinkage, peripheral shrinkage, perforation shrinkage and global shrinkage. The results of the chi-square test proved that the spatial pattern and degree of urban shrinkage are correlated. Mild shrinkage was usually peripheral shrinkage; moderate shrinkage was usually central and perforation shrinkage; and severe shrinkage was usually global shrinkage. Identifying the degree and spatial pattern of urban shrinkage and investigating their relationship help deepen the understanding of the urban shrinkage phenomenon at a theoretical level and help urban planners and policy makers propose multidimensional strategies to alleviate the development dilemma of shrinking cities on a practical level.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 157-181
Issue: 1
Volume: 28
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2023.2233947
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2023.2233947
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# input file: RJUS_A_2253193_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Wang Tongjing
Author-X-Name-First: Wang
Author-X-Name-Last: Tongjing
Author-Name: Evert Meijers
Author-X-Name-First: Evert
Author-X-Name-Last: Meijers
Author-Name: Ziyu Bao
Author-X-Name-First: Ziyu
Author-X-Name-Last: Bao
Author-Name: Huijuan Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Huijuan
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Title: Intercity networks and urban performance: a geographical text mining approach
Abstract: 
 Compared to the burgeoning literature discussing the importance of agglomeration externalities for development, limited attention has been given to network externalities. This is largely due to limited data availability. We propose a general measure to proxy city network externalities based on toponym co-occurrences that indicate the relatedness between cities. This paper extracts intercity relationships based on the co-occurrence of Chinese place names on 2.5 billion webpages. We calculate and map absolute and relative network positions, which we use to explain urban labour productivity. We found that a stronger embeddedness in networks of cities is significantly and positively associated with urban productivity. Smaller cities benefit comparatively more from being well embedded in city networks, suggesting that these relations can compensate for a lack of agglomeration externalities. We also compare the importance for urban performance of city network externalities vis-à-vis agglomeration externalities. City network externalities turn out to be more important in explaining urban performance than agglomeration externalities. This calls for new theorizing on a relational approach to urban and regional development. Rather than stimulating further concentration of urbanization, our findings suggest that fostering relationships between cities is a viable alternative urban development strategy. We conclude with suggestions for a research agenda that delves deeper into city network externalities.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 262-283
Issue: 2
Volume: 28
Year: 2024
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2023.2253193
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2023.2253193
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# input file: RJUS_A_2262419_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Lin Lin
Author-X-Name-First: Lin
Author-X-Name-Last: Lin
Author-Name: Qiantao Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Qiantao
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Author-Name: Zihao Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Zihao
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Title: Surviving the pandemic: COVID-19 and restaurant closures in Suzhou
Abstract: 
 The outbreak of COVID-19 disrupts the economy and presents challenges to small and medium enterprises in various sectors. Focused on the restaurant industry in Suzhou, China, this study draws upon secondary data from Meituan Dianping and Baidu Map API and considers how variables related to restaurants themselves and variables pertaining to restaurants’ built environment conditions contribute to their survival during the pandemic with the use of regression analysis. For restaurants, it is important to have certain core competencies, such as price or quality advantage, if they were to survive external shocks. In addition, high population density of a restaurant’s surrounding area, one of the most crucial factors in determining business success under normal circumstances, significantly reduces its survival likelihood during the pandemic. We conclude by outlining opportunities for future research.
HighlightsThis study examines what determines restaurant survival in the pandemic.The survival is influenced by both restaurant and built environment factors.Restaurants need to have specific core competencies to survive market shocks.Density and accessibility have adverse impacts on restaurant survival.The analysis provides policy suggestions for similar circumstances in the future.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 244-261
Issue: 2
Volume: 28
Year: 2024
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2023.2262419
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2023.2262419
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:28:y:2024:i:2:p:244-261



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RJUS_A_2282190_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Hee-Jung Jun
Author-X-Name-First: Hee-Jung
Author-X-Name-Last: Jun
Author-Name: Suyoung Jung
Author-X-Name-First: Suyoung
Author-X-Name-Last: Jung
Author-Name: Seungyeoup Kang
Author-X-Name-First: Seungyeoup
Author-X-Name-Last: Kang
Author-Name: Taewan Kim
Author-X-Name-First: Taewan
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim
Author-Name: Cheol-Ho Cho
Author-X-Name-First: Cheol-Ho
Author-X-Name-Last: Cho
Author-Name: Won Young Jhoo
Author-X-Name-First: Won Young
Author-X-Name-Last: Jhoo
Author-Name: Jae-Pil Heo
Author-X-Name-First: Jae-Pil
Author-X-Name-Last: Heo
Title: Factors associated with pedestrian-vehicle collision hotspots involving seniors and children: a deep learning analysis of street-level images
Abstract: 
 This study aimed to examine the factors associated with pedestrian–vehicle collision hotspots involving seniors and children. For the empirical analysis, we first quantified street-level images of collision hotspots involving seniors and children and non-collision hotspots in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, Korea, using deep learning analysis. Thereafter, we examined the risk factors associated with collision hotspots through logistic analyses. This study has two major findings. First, the effects of risk factors (e.g. share of sky and green space) differ between collision hotspots involving seniors and children. Second, some pedestrian safety treatments (i.e. traffic lights and sidewalks) are positively associated with collision risks. The findings suggest that varied approaches to enhancing pedestrian safety among different age groups should be considered for more effective pedestrian safety interventions. In addition, the quality of pedestrian safety measures should be examined to improve pedestrian safety for seniors and children.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 359-377
Issue: 2
Volume: 28
Year: 2024
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2023.2282190
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2023.2282190
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:28:y:2024:i:2:p:359-377



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# input file: RJUS_A_2253208_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Jing Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Jing
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Author-Name: Mengying Cui
Author-X-Name-First: Mengying
Author-X-Name-Last: Cui
Author-Name: David Levinson
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Levinson
Title: The cost of working: measuring physical and virtual access to jobs
Abstract: 
 The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the incentive to work-from-home (WFH) in many countries and well-developed information and communication technology (ICT) provides strong support to do so with no need to physically travel to workplaces. This paper defines the concept of physical (traditional) and virtual (online) access to jobs based on dual access theory, by analysing different job profiles to recognize those that are capable of working from home and those that are not. A theoretical framework is then built for physical and virtual access measures and applied to the Minneapolis – St. Paul (Twin Cities) region. The results show that virtual access is much more sensitive to its cost variables, like wage change or at-home working space, while physical is less affected accordingly. A suburban ring emerges, which enjoys better access to jobs when physical and virtual working are mixed over a week. The results provide insights for planners, managers, and policymakers.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 318-334
Issue: 2
Volume: 28
Year: 2024
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2023.2253208
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2023.2253208
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:28:y:2024:i:2:p:318-334



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RJUS_A_2262427_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Jiaxin Du
Author-X-Name-First: Jiaxin
Author-X-Name-Last: Du
Author-Name: Xinyue Ye
Author-X-Name-First: Xinyue
Author-X-Name-Last: Ye
Author-Name: Piotr Jankowski
Author-X-Name-First: Piotr
Author-X-Name-Last: Jankowski
Author-Name: Thomas W. Sanchez
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Sanchez
Author-Name: Gengchen Mai
Author-X-Name-First: Gengchen
Author-X-Name-Last: Mai
Title: Artificial intelligence enabled participatory planning: a review
Abstract: 
 Participatory planning is a democratic spatial decision-making process involving multiple stakeholders. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) methods in participatory planning has the potential to improve the decision-making process. However, there are challenges and limitations that need to be addressed. In this paper, we systematically review the progress of AI-enabled participatory planning, identifying strengths and weaknesses. We used a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) framework for our analysis, highlighting the opportunities for advancing AI in participatory planning and the potential threats that may arise. Our study provides valuable insights into the current state of AI-enabled participatory planning, paving the way for future developments and improvements.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 183-210
Issue: 2
Volume: 28
Year: 2024
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2023.2262427
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2023.2262427
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:28:y:2024:i:2:p:183-210



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RJUS_A_2253200_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Hendra Sumaryana
Author-X-Name-First: Hendra
Author-X-Name-Last: Sumaryana
Author-Name: Imam Buchori
Author-X-Name-First: Imam
Author-X-Name-Last: Buchori
Author-Name: Anang Wahyu Sejati
Author-X-Name-First: Anang Wahyu
Author-X-Name-Last: Sejati
Title: Green infrastructure modelling for UHI control to urban thermal comfort: a case study of Temanggung urban area
Abstract: 
 The Temanggung urban area in Central Java (Indonesia) already has considerable urban Green Infrastructure (GI), but the phenomenon of Urban Heat Island (UHI) has expanded to 268% in the last seven years. This study explores the theoretical gaps related to urban thermal comfort by combining tree management modelling as the independent variable and existing urban morphology as the dependent variable to identify the right place for the right tree using ENVI-met v5 simulations. We use the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) to determine urban thermal comfort, and our results showed a temperature decrease from 37°C (strong heat stress) to 32.5°C–35.5°C (moderate heat stress) and an average decrease of 1°C–3.5°C. These results were obtained by simulating the placement pattern of substations, land use zoning, tree size composition, paying attention to the type of road surface material, wind direction and speed and direction of road orientation, average air temperature, and location of building masses. This study provides a basis for consideration to assist local governments and researchers in managing GI in Temanggung Urban Area to create comfortable urban thermal comfort for their residents.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 211-243
Issue: 2
Volume: 28
Year: 2024
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2023.2253200
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2023.2253200
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:28:y:2024:i:2:p:211-243



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# input file: RJUS_A_2216666_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: S. Labbaf
Author-X-Name-First: S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Labbaf
Author-Name: M. Norouzi
Author-X-Name-First: M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Norouzi
Title: Spatial othering in fragmented societies: different others or different housings?
Abstract: 
 The sudden emergence of different housing types in a homogenous neighbourhood can cause social distance, negative perceptions, and housing stigmatization. In the Navvab area in Tehran, the social rift and refusal to accept different ones have been represented in the duality of the complex/neighbourhood. Such spatial othering can, in turn, manifest in obvious physical distance, which acts as a certain border area. Through a qualitative case study, based on grounded theory methodology, in the first phase of the Navvab residential complex and its adjacent neighbourhood on the west side of the Navvab highway in Tehran, Iran, this article shows the process of housing stigmatization: how the built environment associates with othering and negative social perceptions; how this othering manifests in urban public spaces; and how people take positions towards the established territorial stigma. Based on the characteristic features and attitudes, individuals were categorized into four categories: dualists, self-righteous, difference deniers, and antipathetics. We finish by suggesting that design and the built environment form can play a mediating role in activating challenging discourses in fragmented societies dealing with stigmatization.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 335-358
Issue: 2
Volume: 28
Year: 2024
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2023.2216666
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2023.2216666
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:28:y:2024:i:2:p:335-358



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# input file: RJUS_A_2253198_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Song Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Song
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Xinru Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Xinru
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Canyu Yang
Author-X-Name-First: Canyu
Author-X-Name-Last: Yang
Author-Name: Liang Dai
Author-X-Name-First: Liang
Author-X-Name-Last: Dai
Title: Which network effectively supports urban economic growth? Evidence from China
Abstract: 
 City's economic development is increasingly dependent on its positionality in urban networks built on various intercity element flows. In this study, based on data crawling and gravity modelling, seven urban networks of 286 prefecture-level and above cities in mainland China were constructed for 2011 and 2019, and various influencing factors were analyzed. A qualitative comparative analysis was then employed to explore the impacts of urban connectivity in different networks on the urban economy and shed light on the optimal combination of networks to support urban economic growth effectively. The results demonstrate that in 2011, intercity capital, information, trade, knowledge, and technology networks were all essential to urban economic development, while the labour and transportation networks were supporting the former five networks. In 2019, urban development relied more on innovative knowledge and technology networks rather than labour, information, transportation, and trade networks. The importance of the capital network decreased, whereas the knowledge and technology networks still played significant roles in urban economic growth, suggesting an overall transformation to an innovation-driven economy in China.
Journal: International Journal of Urban Sciences
Pages: 284-317
Issue: 2
Volume: 28
Year: 2024
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/12265934.2023.2253198
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/12265934.2023.2253198
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Handle: RePEc:taf:rjusxx:v:28:y:2024:i:2:p:284-317