Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joel Mokyr 
Author-X-Name-First: Joel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mokyr 
Title: Cultural entrepreneurs and the origins of modern economic growth 
Abstract:
	      The concept of
 entrepreneur is a central one in economic history. The definition of
 entrepreneur is extended here to include 'cultural entrepreneurs' and show
 how they can be integrated into the new modern economic interpretation of
 'culture' as agents who change the beliefs of others. This concept can
 help us understand one of the central dilemmas of modern economic history,
 namely how the new institutional economic history can be deployed to
 understand modern economic growth. Cultural changes in the early modern
 age led to institutional changes that made Europe more friendly to
 innovation. In that process, two English figures can be seen as central,
 Francis Bacon and Isaac Newton. The essay shows how they meet the
 definition of a cultural entrepreneur and how their work coordinated and
 focused cultural change that was instrumental in preparing the ground for
 the Industrial Revolution.	     
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 1-33 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 61 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2012.755471 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2012.755471 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:61:y:2013:i:1:p:1-33




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stefan Houpt 
Author-X-Name-First: Stefan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Houpt 
Title: Productivity and transition in Swedish iron and steel, 1870-1940 
Abstract:
	      This paper presents a
 long-run analysis of an industrial branch in Europe's periphery. It
 examines how the Swedish iron and steel industry reacted to the strains of
 increasing competition on world markets which affected the branch between
 1870 and 1940. The first part of the paper presents a breakdown into
 periods. We then go on to analyse the sources of growth with both a primal
 and a dual approach and look at the dynamics between factor substitution
 and relative prices. Finally, we examine the contribution of the different
 factors during the periods of transition. Overall we find total factor
 productivity as the main responsible force for overcoming the effects of
 competitive pressure. Some of this aggregate technological change can also
 be traced to a more intensive use of inputs and to extensive growth,
 indicative of structural change in the industry. Throughout the period
 examined the industry reacted to increased competition by process and
 organisational transformation. 	 
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 34-59 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 61 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2012.748690 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2012.748690 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:61:y:2013:i:1:p:34-59




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Örjan Simonson 
Author-X-Name-First: Örjan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Simonson 
Title: Information costs and commercial integration. The impact of the 1692 Swedish postage tariff 
Abstract:
	      The concept of
 'information costs' has attracted attention as a means of understanding
 economic dynamics. In the early modern trade economy, the costs of
 maintaining business correspondence were an important part of information
 costs. In this article, the Swedish general postage tariff (used in
 1693-1747) is analysed in order to reveal the geographic pattern of
 information costs, measured as postage. It is shown that central parts of
 Sweden benefited, including the iron-producing regions and its export
 harbours, while important trade ports in the eastern parts of the empire
 faced high costs even though Sweden claimed control over large parts of
 the Baltic Sea area up to 1721. Swedish correspondence with western and
 southern Europe carried lower costs than correspondence with eastern
 Europe. This was an effect of a tariff constructed on postage-per-distance
 and of letting profitable lines subsidise a dense, territorial postal
 network. Sea post became particularly expensive as the volume of letters
 was too small for effective use of the post ships' carriage capacity; this
 challenges the view that early modern commercial networks were connected
 by sea since transport on sea was superior to land-bound transport.
 Transfer of information was often better provided on land.	     
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 60-81 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 61 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2012.745820 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2012.745820 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:61:y:2013:i:1:p:60-81




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Johan S�derberg 
Author-X-Name-First: Johan 
Author-X-Name-Last: S�derberg 
Title: Resistance to commodification: farmland prices and rents in Sweden, 1274-1649 
Abstract:
	      Long historical series of
 farmland prices and rents are rare, especially for the pre-industrial era.
 This article makes two contributions: (1) series of land prices and rents
 are presented for a peripheral economy of the time, East Sweden, in the
 period 1274-1649. Phases of decline and growth are compared to those of
 some other European regions; (2) the effects of certain anti-capitalist
 institutions on farmland prices are explored. An unanticipated trait of
 the Swedish series is that land prices declined during most of the
 sixteenth century, despite resurging population growth. Regulations aimed
 at counteracting the commodification of land were in effect during this
 period, exerting a downward pressure on prices.	  
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 82-99 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 61 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2012.756427 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2012.756427 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:61:y:2013:i:1:p:82-99




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jonas Ljungberg 
Author-X-Name-First: Jonas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ljungberg 
Author-Name: Lennart Sch�n 
Author-X-Name-First: Lennart 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sch�n 
Title: Domestic markets and international integration: paths to industrialisation in the Nordic countries 
Abstract:
	      This article scrutinises
 the role of structural change and foreign trade in the Nordic countries,
 except Iceland, in industrialization prior to 1914. Sector contribution to
 GDP as well as the role of the foreign trade is compared across the
 countries. The comparison uncovers different paths to industrialization
 that cannot be explained by reference to received views, such as the shock
 of free trade or open economy forces. Denmark was not only richer than the
 rest of the 'Nordic Periphery' but also earlier in industrialization.
 Furthermore, agriculture had a much neglected role in Swedish catch-up,
 and despite its relatively large export sector, Norway lagged behind, as
 did Finland. Economic growth was characterised not only by rising exports
 but also by capital imports and increasing consumption, indicating wider
 economic and social change. Different sector structures in the Nordic
 countries largely explain why there was no clear pattern of catch-up or
 convergence, neither in the region nor in relation to the Western European
 leaders. We conclude that the social capability of the Nordic countries to
 integrate and respond to external influences 1850-1914 must be seen in the
 perspective of the evolving domestic markets and the prior establishment
 of market institutions.	  
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 101-121 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 61 
Year: 2013 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2013.784214 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2013.784214 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:61:y:2013:i:2:p:101-121




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Florian Ploeckl 
Author-X-Name-First: Florian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ploeckl 
Title: Local convergence: Baden 1829-1847 
Abstract:
	      This paper investigates
 whether internal institutional homogenisation during nation-state
 formation led to internal local convergence. We use the case of Baden with
 a new economic measure based on tax revenues derived from archival
 records. Our measure of local economic activity shows no evidence for
 convergence, unconditional or conditional, for the period 1829-1847.
 However, looking at sub-periods the six year interval after Baden's 1836
 entry into the Zollverein customs union exhibits an adjustment effect
 resembling absolute convergence. Rejecting urbanisation as the reason
 behind this pattern we discuss alternative mechanisms in particular the
 reallocation of labour.	  
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 122-139 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 61 
Year: 2013 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2013.784213 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2013.784213 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:61:y:2013:i:2:p:122-139




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Concha Betr�n 
Author-X-Name-First: Concha 
Author-X-Name-Last: Betr�n 
Author-Name: Maria A. Pons 
Author-X-Name-First: Maria A. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pons 
Title: Comparing past and present wage inequality in two globalisation periods 
Abstract:
	      This paper compares past
 and present globalisation with an aim to highlighting the different
 factors that drove wage inequality then and those which are doing so now.
 We have constructed a ratio of wage inequality for 15 countries in the
 first period of globalisation (1870-1913) and the subsequent period of
 deglobalisation (1914-1930) and then compare this pattern to wage
 inequality in the 1980s and 1990s. We propose that the difference in wage
 inequality trends for the two globalisation periods is due to migration
 and institutional factors (education and labour market institutions).
 These factors offset the increase in wage inequality produced by
 globalisation and technological change in the past, but do not appear to
 be acting in the present.	    
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 140-166 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 61 
Year: 2013 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2013.784212 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2013.784212 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:61:y:2013:i:2:p:140-166




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul Caruana-Galizia 
Author-X-Name-First: Paul 
Author-X-Name-Last: Caruana-Galizia 
Author-Name: Jordi Mart�-Henneberg 
Author-X-Name-First: Jordi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mart�-Henneberg 
Title: European regional railways and real income, 1870-1910: a preliminary report 
Abstract:
	      This article introduces
 our project on the relationship between railways and real income levels
 across European regions between 1870 and 1910. While similar relationships
 have been analysed for the USA, India and individual European countries,
 our project is the first to take a pan-European regional perspective. We
 discuss the reasons for the neglect to date, highlighting the need to
 drill deeper into the changing directional effects of railways on income,
 the importance or necessity of using regional-level data and the amount of
 research that still needs to be done. To this end, we present preliminary
 insights from our novel database on European regional per capita income
 and railway mileage, after discussing our data sources in depth. We also
 outline our research agenda, showing our intended conceptual and
 analytical approach for future work.	       
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 167-196 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 61 
Year: 2013 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2012.756428 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2012.756428 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:61:y:2013:i:2:p:167-196




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Staffan Albinsson 
Author-X-Name-First: Staffan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Albinsson 
Title: Musikens politiska ekonomi (The political economy of music) 
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 197-200 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 61 
Year: 2013 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2013.784216 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2013.784216 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:61:y:2013:i:2:p:197-200




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Henric H�ggqvist 
Author-X-Name-First: Henric 
Author-X-Name-Last: H�ggqvist 
Title: Trade policy disaster: lessons from the 1930s 
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 200-202 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 61 
Year: 2013 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2013.784217 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2013.784217 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:61:y:2013:i:2:p:200-202




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mikael Wendschlag 
Author-X-Name-First: Mikael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wendschlag 
Title: The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision - A History of the Early Years 1974-1997 
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 203-205 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 61 
Year: 2013 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2013.784215 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2013.784215 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:61:y:2013:i:2:p:203-205




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Peter Hedberg 
Author-X-Name-First: Peter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hedberg 
Title: The business of war: Military enterprise and military revolution in early modern Europe 
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 205-207 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 61 
Year: 2013 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2013.784218 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2013.784218 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:61:y:2013:i:2:p:205-207




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anders Ravn S�rensen 
Author-X-Name-First: Anders Ravn 
Author-X-Name-Last: S�rensen 
Title: Monetary romanticism: nationalist rhetoric and monetary organisation in nineteenth-century Denmark 
Abstract:
				 Recurring debates on the common European
 currency illustrate that monetary organisation and issues of national
 identity and community are closely interlinked. National sentiments and
 ideas about the nation continuously inform public attitudes towards
 currencies. This article addresses the interrelation between monetary
 organisation and nationalism. In the conflict between the Danish state and
 the Duchies of Schleswig-Holstein in the nineteenth century, banks and
 currencies were mobilised as political symbols to promote an agenda of
 regional nationalism. The local Schleswig-Holstein currency and the local
 Schleswig-Holsteinische Landesbank became symbolic antagonists to the
 Danish central bank and to the official state-sanctioned currency - which
 by Danish policy-makers were considered key elements in the attempt to
 consolidate the Danish state and curtail Hamburg's economic influence. The
 analysis highlights the symbolic qualities of monetary institutions and
 points to the entwinement of economic motivations and nationalist ideology
 that consequently affected the possibilities for Danish monetary
 organisation and nation-building; it thus contributes to our understanding
 of currencies and banks as nation-building tools and symbols of national
 community.			   
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 209-232 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 61 
Year: 2013 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2013.819030 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2013.819030 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:61:y:2013:i:3:p:209-232




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christer Lundh 
Author-X-Name-First: Christer 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lundh 
Title: Was there an urban-rural consumption gap? The standard of living of workers in southern Sweden, 1914-1920 
Abstract:
				 The aim of the paper is to qualify the
 meaning of an urban-rural wage gap by taking a household approach to the
 issue of standard of living, using household surveys for five worker
 groups in urban or rural Sweden in 1914/1920. The urban-rural gap in terms
 of total household real earnings is estimated by including all the
 household income and using controls for household size and composition,
 deflated by separate urban and rural costs-of-living indices. To further
 assess the results, levels of household expenditure and the nutritional
 value of food are compared between the worker groups. The results indicate
 that the urban-rural earnings gaps were small or moderate, due to the
 higher cost of living in urban areas and the practice of payments in kind
 and home production in rural areas. Some differences between urban and
 rural workers in terms of patterns of consumption and the nutritional
 value of food consumed can be attributed to differences in earnings, but a
 substantial part depended on the nature of the working loads, employment
 terms and housing conditions. These results thus modify the picture
 usually given in the literature on urban-rural wage gaps and income
 elasticity of food items.			 
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 233-258 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 61 
Year: 2013 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2013.794162 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2013.794162 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:61:y:2013:i:3:p:233-258




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carlo Ciccarelli 
Author-X-Name-First: Carlo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ciccarelli 
Author-Name: Tommaso Proietti 
Author-X-Name-First: Tommaso 
Author-X-Name-Last: Proietti 
Title: Patterns of industrial specialisation in post-Unification Italy 
Abstract:
				 This paper investigates the main patterns
 of industrial specialisation in Italian provinces over half a century
 following the Unification of the country. To this end, we propose a
 multivariate graphical technique named <italic>dynamic specialisation
 biplot</italic>. In 1871, specialisation vocations towards the different
 manufacturing sectors were limited in size and no clear geographical
 clustering emerged. A regional specialisation divide resulted instead
 clearly in 1911. In 1871 as in 1911, the foodstuffs, textile and
 engineering sectors represented the three pillars delimiting the arena of
 the specialisation race. Within that arena, the effect of public policies
 on the temporal evolution of provincial specialisation is considered. The
 adoption of free trade in the early 1860s affected noticeably the
 industrial specialisation of a few Neapolitan provinces. The subsequent
 protectionist measures altered the specialisation trajectories of selected
 northern provinces, largely attracted by the textile sector during the
 1880s, and by the rapidly growing engineering sector in the pre-First
 World War decade. Within and between regional homogeneity and smooth
 specialisation, trajectories are instead representative of most of the
 remaining provinces. Among them, southern provinces exhibit specialisation
 paths revealing that little more than a composition effect occurred among
 manufacturing sectors. 		 
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 259-286 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 61 
Year: 2013 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2013.819029 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2013.819029 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:61:y:2013:i:3:p:259-286




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pedro Lains 
Author-X-Name-First: Pedro 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lains 
Author-Name: Ester Gomes da Silva 
Author-X-Name-First: Ester Gomes 
Author-X-Name-Last: da Silva 
Author-Name: Jordi Guilera 
Author-X-Name-First: Jordi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Guilera 
Title: Wage inequality in a developing open economy: Portugal, 1944-1984 
Abstract:
				 This paper estimates and analyses wage
 inequality trends in Portugal, from 1944 to 1984, a period that comprises
 the Estado Novo dictatorship and the first decade after the transition to
 democracy. Wage inequality is measured by the gap between skilled and
 unskilled labour, and reveals a downward trend in most of the period in
 analysis. We provide an explanation for the observed trends by looking at
 the influence of domestic and international forces on changes in the
 relative supply and demand of skilled labour. According to our findings,
 the skill premium declined due to the combined influence of two major
 forces: an increase in the relative supply of skilled labour due to the
 mass emigration of unskilled labour, and the decrease in the relative
 demand for skills, related to trade-induced changes stemming from the
 country's increasing openness, which followed the country's unskilled
 labour comparative advantages. Our findings point to the conclusion that
 the impact of openness on wage inequality is related to the country's
 relative level of development among its major trading partners.	    
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 287-311 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 61 
Year: 2013 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2013.797922 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2013.797922 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:61:y:2013:i:3:p:287-311




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Espen Ekberg 
Author-X-Name-First: Espen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ekberg 
Title: Co-operatives and the Social Question. The co-operative movement in northern and eastern Europe (1880-1950) 
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 312-314 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 61 
Year: 2013 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2013.819031 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2013.819031 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:61:y:2013:i:3:p:312-314




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Leos M�ller 
Author-X-Name-First: Leos 
Author-X-Name-Last: M�ller 
Title: In the doorway to development. An enquiry into market oriented structural changes in Norway ca. 1750-1830 
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 314-316 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 61 
Year: 2013 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2013.839479 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2013.839479 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:61:y:2013:i:3:p:314-316




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Heide Lars 
Author-X-Name-First: Heide 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lars 
Title: Science for welfare and warfare: technology and state initiative in cold war Sweden 
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 316-318 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 61 
Year: 2013 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2013.805163 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2013.805163 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:61:y:2013:i:3:p:316-318




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bengt &Aring;ke Berg 
Author-X-Name-First: Bengt &Aring;ke 
Author-X-Name-Last: Berg 
Title: Mellan bruk och bonde. Organisationen av spannm�lshandeln i V�stmanlands l�n 1770-1870 [Between the iron works and the peasants. The organization of grain trade in the V�stmanland county 1770-1870] 
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 318-320 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 61 
Year: 2013 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2013.839478 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2013.839478 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:61:y:2013:i:3:p:318-320




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marco H.D. van Leeuwen 
Author-X-Name-First: Marco H.D. 
Author-X-Name-Last: van Leeuwen 
Author-Name: Elise van Nederveen Meerkerk 
Author-X-Name-First: Elise 
Author-X-Name-Last: van Nederveen Meerkerk 
Author-Name: Lex Heerma van Voss 
Author-X-Name-First: Lex 
Author-X-Name-Last: Heerma van Voss 
Title: Provisions for the elderly in north-western Europe: an international comparison of almshouses, sixteenth-twentieth centuries 
Abstract:
				 In Early Modern north-western Europe a
 unique form of charitable foundation developed - almshouses. These were
 inhabited by elderly men and women, who had led honourable middle-class
 lives, but had become unable to support themselves. In towns that were
 rapidly growing through immigration, many elderly people were without
 income or family support. The masses of the working-class poor had to
 resort to outdoor relief and other survival strategies or were confined in
 old people's homes and hospitals. Almshouses, in which residents could
 maintain their privacy, autonomy and honour, were a viable middle-class
 alternative. We argue that this type of provision could rise especially in
 relatively urbanised, monetised north-western Europe. Here, wage labour
 was the dominant form of income; nuclear families the prevalent family
 type, and rich citizens had great interests to invest in building
 religious and urban communities. Around the North Sea, dependent
 middle-class elderly could entertain early notions of individualism and
 privacy, which were not catered for by charitable institutions elsewhere.  
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 1-16 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 62 
Year: 2014 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2013.872181 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2013.872181 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:62:y:2014:i:1:p:1-16




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Henk Looijesteijn 
Author-X-Name-First: Henk 
Author-X-Name-Last: Looijesteijn 
Author-Name: Marco H.D. van Leeuwen 
Author-X-Name-First: Marco H.D. 
Author-X-Name-Last: van Leeuwen 
Title: Founding large charities and community building in the Dutch Republic, c. 1600-1800 
Abstract:
				 In this contribution, we study the
 founding of large charities for the elderly during the Dutch Republic,
 demonstrating their number and nature, with an emphasis on how almshouses
 for the elderly were intricately bound up with the concern to preserve
 honour. Personal honour, being tied to community honour, formed a vital
 part of the processes of patronage and corporatism that defined early
 modern Dutch society. Through almshouse foundations the religious and
 civic communities to which patrons and clients belonged were strengthened.
 Within the fragmented religious landscape of the Dutch Republic these
 charities played an important role in strengthening both mainstream and
 dissenter communities, while providing a decent old age to Dutch citizens. 
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 17-34 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 62 
Year: 2014 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2013.872176 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2013.872176 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:62:y:2014:i:1:p:17-34




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nigel Goose 
Author-X-Name-First: Nigel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Goose 
Title: Accommodating the elderly poor: almshouses and the mixed economy of welfare in England in the second millennium 
Abstract:
				 This article provides an outline of the
 development of the English almshouse across the second millennium, and its
 place within the broader spectrum of social welfare. It discusses the
 evolution of the almshouse into its modern form, as privately endowed
 housing dedicated to the elderly poor. It presents the results of new
 research that provides a firmer quantitative foundation for consideration
 of the role of the almshouse in welfare history and revisits the issue of
 the mixed economy of welfare to demonstrate the complex relationship
 between public and private provision.			   
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 35-57 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 62 
Year: 2014 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2013.861768 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2013.861768 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:62:y:2014:i:1:p:35-57




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Peter Wessel Hansen 
Author-X-Name-First: Peter Wessel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hansen 
Title: Honourable dwellings: almshouses as estate-consistent charity in Copenhagen, c. 1700-1850 
Abstract:
				 The main focus of this article is the
 connection between the social hierarchies and charities like almshouses in
 Danish urban society between 1700 and 1850. The almshouses and a whole
 range of other charities were exclusively targeted at those of the upper
 and middle classes who had fallen on hard times and could not be supported
 by their families. They were offered better material conditions than the
 poor of the lower classes. Thus, this kind of charity was both based on,
 and reinforced, a division of society in distinct social layers. At the
 same time, the exclusion of the lower-class poor shows that almshouses
 played an important role in shoring up social boundaries as well as social
 markers.			 
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 58-74 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 62 
Year: 2014 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2013.872175 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2013.872175 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:62:y:2014:i:1:p:58-74




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ida Bull 
Author-X-Name-First: Ida 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bull 
Title: 'All of my remaining property I donate to the poor...': institutions for the poor in Norwegian cities during the eighteenth century 
Abstract:
				 The eighteenth century saw a development
 of a stratified system of institutions for the poor in different social
 classes in Norwegian cities. This paper analyses its foundation through a
 cooperation of private donations and city authorities' management and it
 argues that donations to private almshouses aimed at safeguarding the
 social position of special groups in the city, while the city's poorhouse
 was responsible for the paupers from the lower classes. While charity to
 please God and secure a place in the afterlife was an old motive, the wish
 to protect the social group, relatives or personal servants is a striking
 phenomenon at the end of the eighteenth century. Citizens with burgher
 rights by virtue of their craft or commerce defended their position
 against non-skilled workers. Private gifts to supplement the public
 poorhouses helped securing this aim. The paper shows that donations to
 institutions in Trondheim fall into a general picture of social
 stratification, not only in society at large, but among the poorer parts
 of the population as well.			
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 75-93 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 62 
Year: 2014 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2013.873736 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2013.873736 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:62:y:2014:i:1:p:75-93




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Malcolm Tull 
Author-X-Name-First: Malcolm 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tull 
Title: Global shipping in small nations. Nordic experiences after 1960 
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 94-96 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 62 
Year: 2014 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2013.872177 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2013.872177 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:62:y:2014:i:1:p:94-96




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Per-Olof Gr�nberg 
Author-X-Name-First: Per-Olof 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gr�nberg 
Title: Ireland, Sweden and the Great European migration 1815-1914. McGill-Queen's Studies in Ethnic History, Series Two, Number 30 
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 96-98 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 62 
Year: 2014 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2013.872178 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2013.872178 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:62:y:2014:i:1:p:96-98




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jan Pedersen 
Author-X-Name-First: Jan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pedersen 
Title: Norsk �konomisk politikk etter 1905 [Norwegian economic policy after 1905] 
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 98-101 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 62 
Year: 2014 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2013.872179 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2013.872179 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:62:y:2014:i:1:p:98-101




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Morten Karn�e S�ndergaard 
Author-X-Name-First: Morten Karn�e 
Author-X-Name-Last: S�ndergaard 
Title: Motmakt og Samfunnsbygger: Med torsken og Norges R�fisklag gjennom 75 �r [Counter-power and community builder: cod and the Norwegian fishermen's sales organization through 75 years] 
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 101-103 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 62 
Year: 2014 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2013.872180 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2013.872180 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:62:y:2014:i:1:p:101-103




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Miguel Espinosa 
Author-X-Name-First: Miguel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Espinosa 
Title: Jewish economies: development and migration in America and beyond. Volume 1. The economic life of American Jewry; Volume 2. Comparative perspectives on Jewish migration 
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 103-105 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 62 
Year: 2014 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2013.872182 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2013.872182 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:62:y:2014:i:1:p:103-105




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gregory Clark 
Author-X-Name-First: Gregory 
Author-X-Name-Last: Clark 
Author-Name: Kevin Hjortsh�j O'Rourke 
Author-X-Name-First: Kevin Hjortsh�j 
Author-X-Name-Last: O'Rourke 
Author-Name: Alan M. Taylor 
Author-X-Name-First: Alan M. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Taylor 
Title: The growing dependence of Britain on trade during the Industrial Revolution 
Abstract:
				 Many previous studies of the role of trade
 during the British Industrial Revolution have found little or no role for
 trade in explaining British living standards or growth rates. We construct
 a three-region model of the world in which Britain trades with North
 America and the Rest of the World, and calibrate the model to data from
 the 1760s and 1850s. We find that while trade had only a small impact on
 British welfare in the 1760s, it had a very large impact in the 1850s.
 This contrast is robust to a large range of parameter perturbations.
 Biased technological change and population growth were key in explaining
 Britain's growing dependence on trade during the Industrial Revolution.    
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 109-136 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 62 
Year: 2014 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2014.896285 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2014.896285 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:62:y:2014:i:2:p:109-136




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Svenja G�rtner 
Author-X-Name-First: Svenja 
Author-X-Name-Last: G�rtner 
Title: German stagnation versus Swedish progression: gender wage gaps in comparison, 1960-2006 
Abstract:
				 This article provides a comparative
 analysis of the development of the gender wage gap in West Germany and
 Sweden during the period 1960-2006. Despite the economic similarities
 including broad social safety nets, the gap has developed differently
 since 1960. This analysis accounts for micro- and macroeconomic factors
 and politics and concludes that norms and traditions penetrate
 institutional settings and ensnare Germany in a cultural trap with regard
 to gender equality. While Sweden has moved to a two-earner model, German
 society expects mothers to stay at home. The micro analysis shows that
 family concerns (e.g. marriage and motherhood) decrease female income in
 Germany to a far greater extent than do such factors in Sweden, which can
 be explained in part by deeply held social attitudes.			    
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 137-162 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 62 
Year: 2014 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2013.836986 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2013.836986 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:62:y:2014:i:2:p:137-162




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mikael Stenkula 
Author-X-Name-First: Mikael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Stenkula 
Author-Name: Dan Johansson 
Author-X-Name-First: Dan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Johansson 
Author-Name: Gunnar Du Rietz 
Author-X-Name-First: Gunnar 
Author-X-Name-Last: Du Rietz 
Title: Marginal taxation on labour income in Sweden from 1862 to 2010 
Abstract:
				 This paper presents annual Swedish time
 series data on the top marginal tax wedge and marginal tax wedges on
 labour income for a low-, average- and high-income earner for the period
 1862-2010. These data are unique in their consistency, thoroughness and
 timespan covered. We identify four distinct periods separated by major tax
 reforms. The tax system can be depicted as proportional, with low tax
 wedges until the Second World War. Next follows a period featuring
 increasing tax wedges. During the third period, starting with the 1971 tax
 reform and continuing throughout the 1980s, the efforts to redistribute
 income culminated and tax wedges peaked. The high-income earner started to
 pay the top marginal tax wedge which could be as high as almost 90%. The
 main explanations for this development are temporary crises leading to
 permanent tax increases, expansion of the public sector, distributional
 ambitions, increased local taxes, bracket-creep and the introduction of
 social security contributions paid by employers. The 1990-1991 tax reform
 represents the beginning of a new and still continuing period with
 decreasing marginal tax wedges.		    
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 163-187 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 62 
Year: 2014 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2013.836985 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2013.836985 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:62:y:2014:i:2:p:163-187




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Harald Espeli 
Author-X-Name-First: Harald 
Author-X-Name-Last: Espeli 
Title: 'Cooperation on a purely matter-of-fact basis': the Norwegian central bank and its relationship to the German supervisory authority during the occupation, 1940-1945 
Abstract:
				 Recent publications have addressed the
 issue of the financial contribution of occupied countries to the German
 war economy from 1939 until 1945. Occupied countries contributed between
 25 and 30% of the total German war costs. According to recent
 calculations, the Norwegian contribution has been between 6 and 7% of the
 occupied countries' total contribution; per capita the Norwegian war
 tribute was twice the average of the occupied West-European countries. The
 main aim of the paper is to explain how the relatively large Norwegian
 contribution came about by focusing on the institutional arrangements of
 financial transfers. The role of the central bank, Norges Bank, and its
 relationship with its German supervisory authority during the occupation
 is particularly important. The accommodating behaviour of Norges Bank (NB)
 and the shrewd institutional set-up and actual operandi of the monetary
 and financial occupation regime in Norway, based on indirect governance,
 served German interests better than the more frequent use of direct rule
 and open inference in the equivalent domestic institutions in Belgium,
 France and The Netherlands.			    
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 188-212 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 62 
Year: 2014 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2013.875939 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2013.875939 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:62:y:2014:i:2:p:188-212




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marc Flandreau 
Author-X-Name-First: Marc 
Author-X-Name-Last: Flandreau 
Author-Name: Gabriel Geisler Mesevage 
Author-X-Name-First: Gabriel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Geisler Mesevage 
Title: The separation of information and lending and the rise of rating agencies in the USA (1841-1907) 
Abstract:
 This paper provides a new interpretation of the early rise of rating
 agencies in the USA (initially known as 'mercantile agencies'). We explain
 this American exceptionality through an inductive approach that revisits
 the conventional parallel with the UK. In contrast with earlier narratives
 that have emphasised the role of Common Law and the greater understanding
 of American judges that would have supported the rise of an ethos of
 'transparency', we argue that Mercantile Agencies prospered as a remedy to
 deficient bankruptcy law and weak protection of creditor rights in the
 USA. The result was to raise the value of the nationwide registry of
 defaulters which the mercantile agencies managed. This ensured the
 Agencies' profitability and endowed them with resources to buy their
 survival in a legal environment that remained stubbornly hostile.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 213-242 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 62 
Year: 2014 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2014.950602 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2014.950602 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:62:y:2014:i:3:p:213-242




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jan Kunnas 
Author-X-Name-First: Jan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kunnas 
Author-Name: Eoin McLaughlin 
Author-X-Name-First: Eoin 
Author-X-Name-Last: McLaughlin 
Author-Name: Nick Hanley 
Author-X-Name-First: Nick 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hanley 
Author-Name: David Greasley 
Author-X-Name-First: David 
Author-X-Name-Last: Greasley 
Author-Name: Les Oxley 
Author-X-Name-First: Les 
Author-X-Name-Last: Oxley 
Author-Name: Paul Warde 
Author-X-Name-First: Paul 
Author-X-Name-Last: Warde 
Title: Counting carbon: historic emissions from fossil fuels, long-run measures of sustainable development and carbon debt 
Abstract:
 This article examines how to account for the welfare effects of carbon
 dioxide emissions, using the historical experiences of Britain and the USA
 from the onset of the industrial revolution to the present. While a single
 country might isolate itself from the detrimental effects of global
 warming in the short run, in the long all countries are unable to free
 ride. Thus, we support the use of a single global price for carbon dioxide
 emissions. The calculated price should decrease as we move back in time to
 take into account that carbon dioxide is a stock pollutant, and that one
 unit added to the present large stock is likely to cause more damage than
 a unit emitted under the lower concentration levels in the past. We
 incorporate the annual costs of British and US carbon emissions into
 genuine savings, and calculate the accumulated costs of their carbon
 dioxide emissions. Enlarging the scope and calculating the cumulative cost
 of carbon dioxide from the four largest emitters gives new insights into
 the question of who is responsible for climate change.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 243-265 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 62 
Year: 2014 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2014.896284 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2014.896284 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:62:y:2014:i:3:p:243-265




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Matti La Mela 
Author-X-Name-First: Matti 
Author-X-Name-Last: La Mela 
Title: Property rights in conflict: wild berry-picking and the Nordic tradition of <italic>allemansr�tt</italic> 
Abstract:
 Wild berries became a valuable export article in Sweden and Finland at the
 end of the nineteenth century. At the time, property rights over wild
 berries were not explicitly defined, and in both countries, proposals were
 made to subject the berries to the landowner. The proposals did not pass
 and wild berry-picking on another's land continued, as seen from today's
 perspective, to be available to everyone. This paper looks at the
 socioeconomic context of wild berry-picking, and asks whether the
 principle of <italic>allemansr�tt</italic> - a Nordic tradition of public
 access to nature - played a role in why wild berries did not become
 private property. By focusing on the Finnish penal code debate of 1888 and
 the process of stabilising the property rights, the paper rejects the idea
 of continuity. It argues that (1) the traditional
 <italic>allemansr�tt</italic> is debatable as a historical concept and
 shows how (2) the contingent political process created the conditions, and
 economic imagination the impetus, that wild berries were not privatised
 but turned into an open resource.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 266-289 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 62 
Year: 2014 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2013.876928 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2013.876928 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:62:y:2014:i:3:p:266-289




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Erik Bengtsson 
Author-X-Name-First: Erik 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bengtsson 
Title: Labour's share in twentieth-century Sweden: a reinterpretation 
Abstract:
 The distribution of national income between capital and labour is a
 classical theme in political economy. This paper takes a long-run
 perspective to the issue and asks two questions: How did the distribution
 of income between capital and labour develop in Sweden from 1900 to 2000?
 And how can this development best be explained? It is shown that labour's
 share in Sweden in the 100 years from 1900 to 2000 saw three important
 shifts, and the three shifts are analyzed. Around 1920, there was a surge
 in labour's share as workers mobilised in trade unions and universal
 suffrage and the eight-hour working day in manufacturing strengthened the
 bargaining power of workers. From 1950 until the late 1970s, there was
 another period of an increasing labour share, when the welfare state
 expanded and trade unions were strong. Contra the well-known postwar wage
 moderation analysis, there was no wage moderation in Sweden during the
 1950s and 1960s, but rather the opposite: wages increased faster than
 productivity which caused a redistribution from capital to labour and
 reduced income inequality. The third shift occurred around 1980 when
 labour's share started a continuous decrease, beginning with several
 devaluations intended to increase profitability and competitiveness of
 Swedish business.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 290-314 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 62 
Year: 2014 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2014.932837 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2014.932837 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:62:y:2014:i:3:p:290-314




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David S. Adams 
Author-X-Name-First: David S. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Adams 
Title: Contemporary perceptions of the First World War reflected in the capital markets 
Abstract:
 This paper analyses contemporary perceptions of the First World War in
 order to identify which historical events were considered turning points
 in the war effort by actors at the time. Using a new data-set of daily
 prices of French war debt issued and traded in London, it looks for
 structural breaks in the time series using a four-step rolling windows
 algorithm. The data confirm that contemporary actors reacted strongly to
 some events considered to be less relevant by historians, such as the
 Battles of Jutland and Caporetto, and did not significantly react to other
 events generally considered by historians to be turning points for the war
 effort, such as the German Michael Offensive, the Russian Revolution of
 1917 and the resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare. The analysis
 indicates that contemporary views of turning points in the war differed
 significantly from those in <italic>ex post</italic> historical accounts,
 indicating that the relative importance placed on certain events by
 historians might not reflect the views held by contemporary financial and
 political actors.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 1-23 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 63 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2014.948046 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2014.948046 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:63:y:2015:i:1:p:1-23




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bj�rn L. Basberg 
Author-X-Name-First: Bj�rn L. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Basberg 
Title: Amateur or professional? A new look at nineteenth-century patentees in Norway 
Abstract:
 The paper analyses Norwegian nineteenth-century patentees. A special focus
 is on the affiliation or relationship of patentees to the manufacturing
 industries, business and the wider economy. A central question is whether
 the inventors were what might be called 'amateurs' working independently
 or 'professionals' working closer to firms or institutions. The main
 finding is that even the individual patentees, who comprised the majority
 of all patentees, had strong associations with industry, and the
 distinction between 'professionals' and 'amateurs' is not very useful.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 24-44 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 63 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2014.948047 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2014.948047 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:63:y:2015:i:1:p:24-44




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elina Kuorelahti 
Author-X-Name-First: Elina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kuorelahti 
Title: Boom, depression and cartelisation: Swedish and Finnish timber export industry 1918-1921 
Abstract:
 Historians have often cherished the idea of cartels as the 'children of
 depression' in the interwar period. However, as this article discusses,
 recessions did not always boost cartelisation; sometimes they hindered it.
 This article explores for the first time the Swedish-Finnish timber export
 cartel between 1918 and 1921, and sketches out why the cartel worked best
 during rising demand and why the recession of 1921 killed it. The article
 is based on primary sources in the Swedish and Finnish archives. Research
 on cartel timing is used as the main theoretical framework in interpreting
 the material. Besides discussing how the direction of demand affected the
 dynamics in the Swedish-Finnish timber cartel, this article also analyses
 the roles that the governments and central banks played in the rise and
 fall of the cartel. The article shows that the direction of demand played
 a crucial role in the lifespan of the cartel, and argues that even without
 the involvement of the governments and central banks the cartel would
 still have been born and would have ultimately collapsed.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 45-68 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 63 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2014.980315 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2014.980315 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:63:y:2015:i:1:p:45-68




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martin Uebele 
Author-X-Name-First: Martin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Uebele 
Author-Name: Daniel Gallardo-Albarr�n 
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gallardo-Albarr�n 
Title: Paving the way to modernity: Prussian roads and grain market integration in Westphalia, 1821-1855 
Abstract:
 This study investigates the relation of pre-railroad transport
 infrastructure on Westphalian grain market integration in the early
 nineteenth century. It is motivated by recently found indications of
 macroeconomic change in Prussia such as increased demand for labour,
 disappearance of positive Malthusian shocks and grain market integration.
 These coincide and correspond well with a number of institutional breaks
 such as border changes and state creation after the end of the Napoleonic
 Wars, liberal political reforms such as the abandoning of corporatist
 regulations in Prussia and substantial public investment in paved roads in
 a number of Prussian provinces. In this study, we show that (1) paved road
 connections mattered economically and statistically for bilateral rye and
 wheat price differences, (2) the usual dummy-variable approach to measure
 the effect of transport infrastructures proves to be unreliable and we
 propose a new indicator that takes into account the effects of the
 transport network, (3) the role of the early railroad connections is not
 robust. In this pilot study, we for the first time establish the
 correlation between economic development and pre-railroad transport
 infrastructure for a Prussian province, and thus call for more research on
 the causes of macroeconomic change in early nineteenth century Prussia.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 69-92 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 63 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2014.949840 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2014.949840 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:63:y:2015:i:1:p:69-92




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ylva Hasselberg 
Author-X-Name-First: Ylva 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hasselberg 
Title: Torkel Aschehoug and Norwegian historical economic thought: reconsidering a forgotten Norwegian pioneer economist 
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 93-95 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 63 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2014.948050 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2014.948050 
File-Format: text/html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ian Peter Grohse 
Author-X-Name-First: Ian Peter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Grohse 
Title: Cities of commerce: the institutional foundations of international trade in the Low Countries, 1250-1650 
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 95-97 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 63 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2014.948048 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2014.948048 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mats Ingulstad 
Author-X-Name-First: Mats 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ingulstad 
Title: Alan S. Milward and a century of European change 
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 98-99 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 63 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2014.948049 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2014.948049 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:63:y:2015:i:1:p:98-99




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hanna Lindberg 
Author-X-Name-First: Hanna 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lindberg 
Title: Den tillf�lliga husmodern. Hemv�rdarinnek�ren i Sverige 1940-1960 
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 100-101 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 63 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2014.948051 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2014.948051 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:63:y:2015:i:1:p:100-101




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jari Ojala 
Author-X-Name-First: Jari 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ojala 
Title: Editorial 
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 107-109 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 63 
Year: 2015 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2015.1037128 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2015.1037128 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:63:y:2015:i:2:p:107-109




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joerg Baten 
Author-X-Name-First: Joerg 
Author-X-Name-Last: Baten 
Author-Name: Stefan Priwitzer 
Author-X-Name-First: Stefan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Priwitzer 
Title: Social and intertemporal differences of basic numeracy in Pannonia (first century BCE to third century CE) 
Abstract:
 In this study, we assess the human capital of Roman legionaries, officers
 and the civilian population born between the first century BCE and the
 third century CE in Pannonia (today's West Hungary). Age-heaping
 techniques allow the measurement of human capital for this early period,
 although we need to discuss intensively potential selectivity. We find
 that the Roman military benefited strongly from occupational choice
 selectivity: those social groups who decided for a military career had
 better numeracy values than the remainder of the population. This applied
 especially to the first centuries BCE and CE. Over time, however, the
 civilian population converged to the military occupational groups. This
 'military bias' analysis also contributes to the debate about long-term
 growth determinants: in some societies, the most educated parts of the
 elites selected a military career, rather than opting for entreprenuerial
 activities which might have impacted more positively on macroeconomic
 growth.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 110-134 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 63 
Year: 2015 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2015.1032339 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2015.1032339 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:63:y:2015:i:2:p:110-134




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Johan S�derberg 
Author-X-Name-First: Johan 
Author-X-Name-Last: S�derberg 
Title: Oceanic thirst? Food consumption in mediaeval Sweden 
Abstract:
 The article explores data on food consumption in mediaeval Sweden and
 discusses the implications with regard to living standards. The key
 question is whether food consumption was more plentiful and/or more varied
 during the late mediaeval era than during the early modern epoch. Based on
 two mediaeval account books, from the castles of Nyk�ping and Stegeborg,
 respectively, three conclusions emerge. (1) Compared to mid-sixteenth
 century royal farms and other institutions, the mediaeval accounts suggest
 that food consumption was less plentiful but probably more varied. (2)
 Over time, the proportion of beer in the budgets tended to grow at the
 expense of meat. Late mediaeval landlords were pressed by diminishing
 farmland rents. Swedish as well as English data are consistent with the
 view that lords were able to shift food expenditure from high-cost to
 low-cost calories. (3) Conspicuous food consumption did not play a
 prominent role in defining social hierarchy at Stegeborg castle in the
 late fifteenth century. By the mid-sixteenth century this had changed. Low
 social rank now gave access only to cheap beer of a quality far below that
 which had applied half a century before.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 135-153 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 63 
Year: 2015 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2014.987315 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2014.987315 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dan Johansson 
Author-X-Name-First: Dan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Johansson 
Author-Name: Mikael Stenkula 
Author-X-Name-First: Mikael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Stenkula 
Author-Name: Gunnar Du Rietz 
Author-X-Name-First: Gunnar 
Author-X-Name-Last: Du Rietz 
Title: Capital income taxation of Swedish households, 1862-2010 
Abstract:
 This study describes the evolution of capital income taxation, including
 corporate, dividend, interest, capital gains and wealth taxation, in
 Sweden between 1862 and 2010. To illustrate the evolution, we present
 annual time-series data on the marginal effective tax rates on capital
 income (METR) for a marginal investment financed with new share issues,
 retained earnings or debt. These data are unique in their consistency,
 thoroughness and time span. We identify four tax regimes separated by
 shifts in economic policy. The first regime stretches from 1862 until the
 Second World War. The METR is low, stable and does not exceed 5% until the
 First World War, when the METR begins to drift upwards and varies
 depending on the source of finance. The outbreak of the Second World War
 establishes the second regime, when the magnitude and variation of the
 METR sharply increase. The METR peaks during the third regime in the 1970s
 and 1980s and often exceeds 100%. The 1990-1991 tax reform represents the
 beginning of the fourth regime, which is characterised by lower and
 smaller variations in the METR. The METR varies between 15% and 40% at the
 end of this period.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 154-177 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 63 
Year: 2015 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2014.980314 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2014.980314 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:63:y:2015:i:2:p:154-177




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Karl Stern 
Author-X-Name-First: Karl 
Author-X-Name-Last: Stern 
Title: Implementation of non-tariff measures in Estonia in the 1930s 
Abstract:
 The article discusses the Estonian trade policy in the 1930s on the
 example of application of non-tariff measures (NTMs). In order to position
 the trade policy, the article compares the measures implemented in Estonia
 with the ones implemented in the Nordic countries and in other Baltic
 countries. Export in these countries mainly depended on the UK and Germany
 and consisted in a large part of agricultural products. Historiography
 does contain references to the fact that the implementation of NTMs
 intensified in the 1930s, but so far no studies with that kind of emphasis
 and historic perspective have been conducted. The article also provides an
 overview of the dynamics of Estonian trade volumes and the most
 significant foreign trade articles. Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Denmark
 applied exchange control and were considered as more protectionist than
 Norway, Sweden and Finland, which belonged to the sterling bloc. At first,
 the objective of the implementation of the exchange control and licenses
 in Estonia was to protect the national currency. Later, trade-related
 justifications became more and more important in NTM application. Estonian
 trade had similarities to Danish trade. Both countries were clearly
 orientated on the export of agricultural products.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 178-202 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 63 
Year: 2015 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2015.1008565 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2015.1008565 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Erik Bengtsson 
Author-X-Name-First: Erik 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bengtsson 
Title: Education, state and citizenship 
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 203-205 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 63 
Year: 2015 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2015.1032340 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2015.1032340 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:63:y:2015:i:2:p:203-205




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Niklas Jensen-Eriksen 
Author-X-Name-First: Niklas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jensen-Eriksen 
Title: Building trust: the history of DNV 1864-2014 
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 205-207 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 63 
Year: 2015 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2015.1032341 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2015.1032341 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:63:y:2015:i:2:p:205-207




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Katarina Friberg 
Author-X-Name-First: Katarina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Friberg 
Title: Den gl�mda konsumtionen. Auktionshandel i Sverige under 1700- och 1800-talen [The neglected consumption: the role of auctions in Sweden during the eighteenth and nineteenth Centuries] 
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 207-209 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 63 
Year: 2015 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2015.1032342 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2015.1032342 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:63:y:2015:i:2:p:207-209




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Per Hern&aelig;s 
Author-X-Name-First: Per 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hern&aelig;s 
Title: Peter Thonning and Denmark's Guinea Commission. A study in nineteenth-century African colonial geography 
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 209-211 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 63 
Year: 2015 
Month: 6
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2015.1032343 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2015.1032343 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:63:y:2015:i:2:p:209-211




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jari Ojala 
Author-X-Name-First: Jari 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ojala 
Author-Name: Knut Sogner 
Author-X-Name-First: Knut 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sogner 
Title: Re-collaborating in the Nordic economic history research community 
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 213-214 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 63 
Year: 2015 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2015.1091577 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2015.1091577 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:63:y:2015:i:3:p:213-214




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marten Seppel 
Author-X-Name-First: Marten 
Author-X-Name-Last: Seppel 
Title: Feeding the motherland: grain exports from the Swedish Baltic provinces during the Great Famine of 1696-1697<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN0000"/> 
Abstract:
 The research carried out so far has explained the Great Famine of
 1696-1697 in the Baltic provinces as a result of the total crop failures
 in 1695-1696 and an inadequate Swedish economic policy that emptied all
 the stocks in the provinces through massive grain exports to Finland and
 Sweden. However, both these views are not consistent with the closer study
 of the grain exports from the major ports of the Baltic provinces during
 the famine years. The analysis of Tallinn's customs books shows that the
 grain exports occurred only on a small scale compared to the normal years,
 due to the strict ban on grain exports to foreign markets. Furthermore,
 there is no proof that the markets in the bigger towns lacked available
 grain in those years. It can also be concluded that the volume of the
 grain exports was hardly enough to alleviate the famine crisis in Finland
 or Sweden.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 215-234 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 63 
Year: 2015 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2015.1081855 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2015.1081855 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:63:y:2015:i:3:p:215-234




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Miikka Voutilainen 
Author-X-Name-First: Miikka 
Author-X-Name-Last: Voutilainen 
Title: Malthusian checks in pre-industrial Sweden and Finland: a comparative analysis of the demographic regimes 
Abstract:
 In this article, the existence of the Malthusian preventive and positive
 checks in pre-industrial Sweden and Finland are studied using demographic
 and economic data from circa 1750-1860. By applying time series analysis,
 we are able to identify strong preventive and positive checks for Sweden.
 The preventive check is considered to work both directly through births
 and indirectly through marriages. Although the Finnish data also indicate
 the existence of the preventive check, the positive check is only detected
 with differenced data. Our findings contradict the initial hypothesis
 that, due to poverty, Finland would display a higher sensitivity of
 mortality to living standards than Sweden. Instead, the finding of a
 pronounced marriage-driven preventive check in Finland casts new light on
 the macro-level determinants of the check mechanisms and on their
 connectivity to wider societal conditions.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 235-259 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 63 
Year: 2015 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2015.1081854 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2015.1081854 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:63:y:2015:i:3:p:235-259




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Serge Svizzero 
Author-X-Name-First: Serge 
Author-X-Name-Last: Svizzero 
Title: The long-term decline in terms of trade and the neolithisation of Northern Europe 
Abstract:
 While agriculture spread quite rapidly from the Levant to most parts of
 Europe during the sixth millennium, its adoption was delayed to the fourth
 millennium in Northern Europe, an area inhabited by complex
 hunter-gatherers (HGs) - mainly the Erteb�lle culture. This hiatus leads
 us to reject diffusion by migration or acculturation. It favours
 integrationist models of contact between foragers and farmers and
 attributes the shift to agriculture to social competition between HGs. We
 provide an alternative explanation of this shift, based on an economic
 mechanism related to trade between foragers and farmers. We demonstrate
 that the terms of trade of raw materials extracted and sold by foragers
 have a tendency to decline in the long term in relation to the food
 resources produced and sold by farmers. Neolithisation of Northern Europe
 can therefore be viewed as the outcome of a long-term process based on
 trade in which HGs voluntarily get involved without forecasting that it
 will, in the end, constrain most of them to give up their way of life.
 Such an explanation is consistent with the long period of contact between
 foragers and farmers provided by archaeological records and recent
 palaeogenetic studies.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 260-279 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 63 
Year: 2015 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2015.1008566 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2015.1008566 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:63:y:2015:i:3:p:260-279




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pieter Woltjer 
Author-X-Name-First: Pieter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Woltjer 
Title: Taking over: a new appraisal of the Anglo-American productivity gap and the nature of American economic leadership ca. 1910 
Abstract:
 This article re-examines how and when the USA closed the gap and
 ultimately overtook the UK in terms of both labour productivity and real
 income. On the basis of a set of sectoral productivity benchmarks for the
 year 1910 - which utilise a more rigorous methodology than previous
 pre-First World War productivity studies - I find a substantial USA lead
 in both agriculture as well as industry. I conclude that the relative
 strength of the American economy has been underestimated by Maddison and
 various other scholars. This study suggests that the USA had challenged
 British economic leadership in terms of relative labour productivity as
 well as relative income levels long before 1900, and not thereafter. This
 finding ties into an ongoing heated debate on the timing of the
 Anglo-American takeover.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 280-301 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 63 
Year: 2015 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2015.1034766 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2015.1034766 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:63:y:2015:i:3:p:280-301




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lars Ahnland 
Author-X-Name-First: Lars 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ahnland 
Title: Private debt in Sweden in 1900-2013 and the risk of financial crisis 
Abstract:
 This study presents new time series data for private debt in Sweden in
 1900-2013, including credit from banks, mortgage institutes and credit
 companies. The reconstruction of the data is a scientific task by itself,
 and is complicated by changed definitions, breaks in the series, and the
 need for occasional interpolation and cross-reference of sources. The
 obtained data reveal both qualitative and quantitative changes in the
 structure of private debt in Sweden during the period. One finding is a
 pattern where the era starting with the deregulation of the credit market
 in 1985 resembles the era preceding World War Two. Both periods
 experienced a high level of private debt-to-GDP ratio as well as severe
 financial crises. In a first application of the data, the hypothesis of
 rising private debt in the years before a financial crisis is explored
 through logit regression. The findings are in line with international
 research, and suggest that higher lending, especially from banks, might
 aggravate the risk of financial crisis.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 302-323 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 63 
Year: 2015 
Month: 11 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2015.1084946 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2015.1084946 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:63:y:2015:i:3:p:302-323




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jari Ojala 
Author-X-Name-First: Jari 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ojala 
Author-Name: Alfred Reckendrees 
Author-X-Name-First: Alfred 
Author-X-Name-Last: Reckendrees 
Title: Towards debate and open conversation 
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 1-5 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 64 
Year: 2016 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2016.1152767 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2016.1152767 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:64:y:2016:i:1:p:1-5




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Deirdre Nansen McCloskey 
Author-X-Name-First: Deirdre Nansen 
Author-X-Name-Last: McCloskey 
Title: The great enrichment: a humanistic and social scientific account 
Abstract:
 The scientific problem in explaining modern economic growth is its
 astonishing magnitude -- anywhere from a 3000% to a 10,000% increase in
 real income, a &#x2018;Great Enrichment.&#x2019; Investment, reallocation,
 property rights&#xa0;and exploitation cannot explain it. Only the
 bettering of betterment can, the stunning increase in new ideas, such as
 the screw propeller on ships or the ball bearing in machines, the modern
 university for the masses and careers open to talent. Why, then, the new
 and trade-tested ideas? Because liberty to have a go, as the English say,
 and a dignity to the wigmakers and telegraph operators having the go made
 the mass of people bold. Equal liberty and dignity for ordinary people is
 called &#x2018;liberalism,&#x2019; and it was new to Europe in the
 eighteenth century, against old hierarchies. Why the liberalism? It was
 not deep European superiorities, but the accidents of the Four R's of
 (German) Reformation, (Dutch) Revolt, (American and French) Revolution and
 (Scottish and Scandinavian) Reading. It could have gone the other way,
 leaving, say, China to have the Great Enrichment, much later. Europe, and
 then the world, was lucky after 1800. Now China and India have adopted
 liberalism (in the Chinese case only in the economy) and are catching up.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 6-18 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 64 
Year: 2016 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2016.1152744 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2016.1152744 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:64:y:2016:i:1:p:6-18




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Staffan Albinsson 
Author-X-Name-First: Staffan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Albinsson 
Title: A salary bass: a study of bassists&#x2019; earnings in the Royal Swedish Opera, 1799--1980 
Abstract:
 The number of occupations which have hardly altered at all, thus not
 suffering from Schumpeterian &#x2018;creative destruction&#x2019;, is very
 restricted. However, one such profession is the contrabassist's. Classical
 music is still largely produced in the same way as when it was first
 performed. There is very little productivity change in the actual
 production of music from bygone times. This, too, is a phenomenon rare in
 society at large and in the economy in particular. In this study I test
 Baumol's Cost Disease with the Swedish <italic>Hovkapellet</italic> bass
 players as my focus. The disease occurs when salary increases in jobs that
 have seen no increase of labour are accepted. Have musicians such as bass
 players seen a stagnating salary development compared to professions in
 industries which have actually seen labour productivity growth? This,
 together with other related issues, is discussed based on longitudinal
 salary data for the <italic>Hovkapellet</italic> musicians and similar
 data from Copenhagen and Paris. All data are primary data collected from
 the orchestra archives. The data indeed verify the Baumol Cost Disease
 hypothesis. The open question discussed is whether that is an actual
 problem or not.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 19-35 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 64 
Year: 2016 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2015.1127285 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2015.1127285 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:64:y:2016:i:1:p:19-35




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Daniel Waldenstr&#xf6;m 
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Waldenstr&#xf6;m 
Title: The national wealth of Sweden, 1810--2014 
Abstract:
 This study presents a new database, the Swedish National Wealth Database,
 which contains annual data on private, public, and national wealth and
 sectoral saving rates in Sweden over the past two centuries. The paper
 reviews previous investigations of national wealth, compares their
 estimates with the ones presented here and discusses method approaches and
 measurement problems. The main results from data series are presented for
 assets and liabilities and their subcomponents, for the private and public
 domestic and foreign sectors. By complementing the past literature with
 its traditional focus on economic flow variables to understand long-run
 economic developments, this new database offers potentially new
 perspectives on a number of important issues in Sweden's economic history.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 36-54 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 64 
Year: 2016 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2015.1132759 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2015.1132759 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:64:y:2016:i:1:p:36-54




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mats Olsson 
Author-X-Name-First: Mats 
Author-X-Name-Last: Olsson 
Author-Name: Patrick Svensson 
Author-X-Name-First: Patrick 
Author-X-Name-Last: Svensson 
Title: The landlord lag -- productivity on peasant farms and landlord demesnes during the agricultural revolution in Sweden 1700--1860 
Abstract:
 In a longstanding debate among economic historians about the role of the
 peasants and the manors in the agrarian transformation, a variety of
 qualitative and quantitative indicators have been used, but no one has
 until now been able to compare the actual production outcomes. In this
 paper, we investigate the land productivity development for manorial
 demesnes and peasant farmers, respectively, over the course of the
 agricultural revolution. The sources used are unique in an international
 perspective and consists of tithes on individual farm level for 34
 parishes in Scania, covering over 2500 peasant farms, which are compared
 with production data for 20 manorial demesnes.The study generates vital
 information on the process of agricultural transformation and its leading
 actors. We assess the implications of the productivity development for the
 total production, and the spectacular growth in this under the
 agricultural revolution, by calculating production and surplus among the
 different types of cultivators. Our results show that the landlords gained
 a small advantage in the middle of the 1700s, but in the century to come,
 they lagged behind in terms of land productivity. A large peasantry
 cultivating the majority of the land did not constitute an obstacle to
 growth, but rather the reverse.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 55-71 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 64 
Year: 2016 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2015.1123767 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2015.1123767 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:64:y:2016:i:1:p:55-71




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carsten Jahnke 
Author-X-Name-First: Carsten 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jahnke 
Title: The German Hansa and Bergen, 1100--1600 
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 72-73 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 64 
Year: 2016 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2015.1135186 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2015.1135186 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:64:y:2016:i:1:p:72-73




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kristina Lilja 
Author-X-Name-First: Kristina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lilja 
Title: Forandring og forankring: Sparebankene i Norge 1822--2014 [Change and roots: the Norwegian savings banks 1822--2014] 
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 73-75 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 64 
Year: 2016 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2015.1123178 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2015.1123178 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:64:y:2016:i:1:p:73-75




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pierre-Yves Donz&#xe9; 
Author-X-Name-First: Pierre-Yves 
Author-X-Name-Last: Donz&#xe9; 
Title: Comparing post-war Japanese and Finnish economies and societies: longitudinal perspectives 
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 75-77 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 64 
Year: 2016 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2015.1123179 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2015.1123179 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:64:y:2016:i:1:p:75-77




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gregory Ferguson-Cradler 
Author-X-Name-First: Gregory 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ferguson-Cradler 
Title: Norges fiskeri- og kysthistorie Bind IV: Havet, fisken og oljen, 1970--2014 
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 77-78 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 64 
Year: 2016 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2015.1123180 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2015.1123180 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:64:y:2016:i:1:p:77-78




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Camilla Brautaset 
Author-X-Name-First: Camilla 
Author-X-Name-Last: Brautaset 
Title: I fr&#xe4;mmande hamn: Den svenska och svensk-norska konsulattj&#xe4;nsten, 1700--1985 
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 79-80 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 64 
Year: 2016 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2016.1149515 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2016.1149515 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:64:y:2016:i:1:p:79-80




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Camilla Brautaset 
Author-X-Name-First: Camilla 
Author-X-Name-Last: Brautaset 
Author-Name: Jari Ojala 
Author-X-Name-First: Jari 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ojala 
Title: Business as usual 
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 81-83 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 64 
Year: 2016 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2016.1183988 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2016.1183988 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:64:y:2016:i:2:p:81-83




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alexander Sohn 
Author-X-Name-First: Alexander 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sohn 
Title: Poor university professors? The relative earnings decline of German professors during the twentieth century 
Abstract:
 Using individual earnings data from university archives, we analyse the
 position of university professors within the aggregate income distribution
 over a time span covering the <italic>Kaiserreich</italic>, the Weimar
 Republic, the Third Reich as well as the Federal Republic of Germany. We
 find that not only did the earnings of professors deteriorate with respect
 to average incomes, due to the compression of the income distribution, but
 that professorial earnings no longer sufficed to lift professors into the
 top 1% of the aggregate income distribution.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 84-102 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 64 
Year: 2016 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2016.1175374 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2016.1175374 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:64:y:2016:i:2:p:84-102




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Naomi R. Lamoreaux 
Author-X-Name-First: Naomi R. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lamoreaux 
Title: Corporate governance and the expansion of the democratic franchise: beyond cross-country regressions 
Abstract:
 This article documents the stark differences in the legal regulation of
 corporations in the United States compared to Britain and other Western
 European countries in the nineteenth century. The lack of alternative ways
 of obtaining &#x2018;corporate&#x2019; advantages in common-law countries
 made the corporate form much more politically fraught than in civil-law
 countries. In the United States, general incorporation laws came after the
 attainment of universal white manhood suffrage and were part of a broader
 egalitarian movement to ensure that elites did not have advantages over
 everyone else. As a result, they were highly prescriptive, limiting
 corporations&#x2019; size and duration and also mandating specific
 governance rules. In Great Britain, by contrast, general incorporation
 laws were passed in a context where only a small fraction of the
 population could vote. Because the interests at stake in the legislation
 were those of the business and financial elite, British company law (like
 the less politically controversial statutes enacted on the European
 continent) left the rules governing corporations largely to the
 contracting parties themselves. This paper also argues that understanding
 the patterns in general incorporation laws requires scholars to move
 beyond cross-country regressions to study the political economic processes
 that unfolded in these different settings.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 103-121 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 64 
Year: 2016 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2016.1175376 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2016.1175376 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:64:y:2016:i:2:p:103-121




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Magnus Lindmark 
Author-X-Name-First: Magnus 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lindmark 
Author-Name: Lars Fredrik Andersson 
Author-X-Name-First: Lars Fredrik 
Author-X-Name-Last: Andersson 
Title: An historical wealth assessment -- measuring the Swedish national wealth for the nineteenth and twentieth centuries 
Abstract:
 This article provides historical account of wealth accumulation and
 composition in Sweden during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. A
 detailed account on capital formation during the industrialisation process
 shows that produced capital grew faster than natural capital from the
 1850s. Natural capital was changing from a predominance of forest towards
 crop land as the main asset in the early twentieth century. Produced
 capital was largely bounded in the agriculture sector up till the second
 half of the nineteenth century. Heavy investments in the infrastructure
 sector and later in the manufacturing section changed the produced capital
 structure and thereby lowered transport costs and return of investment in
 manufacturing and services; providing incentives for accumulating the
 stock of produced capital and enhance consumption and living standard. The
 return on capital was dispersed from the outset of the period but has
 converged over time.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 122-137 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 64 
Year: 2016 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2016.1180319 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2016.1180319 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:64:y:2016:i:2:p:122-137




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Giacomo Domini 
Author-X-Name-First: Giacomo 
Author-X-Name-Last: Domini 
Title: The innovation--trade nexus: Italy in historical perspective (1861--1939) 
Abstract:
 This work investigates the relationship between trade and technological
 specialisation in Italy, during the long time span ranging from
 Unification to the eve of the Second World War. To do this, new series of
 Italy&#x2019;s indices of specialisation in trade and technology are
 calculated based on official data. Empirical analysis, based on Spearman
 rank correlation coefficients and fixed-effects regression, shows the
 emergence of a positive relationship between specialisation in technology
 and specialisation in trade after the start of the country&#x2019;s modern
 economic growth, around the turn of the twentieth century. This, however,
 was uniquely driven by a negative relationship between technological
 specialisation and import shares, while no significant relationship
 between the former and export shares emerges. Furthermore, this finding
 excludes the most important sector, leading Italian industrialisation,
 that is, textiles, the outstanding performance of which can be seen as
 largely determined by its being particularly suited to the
 country&#x2019;s factor endowment.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 138-159 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 64 
Year: 2016 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2016.1181565 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2016.1181565 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:64:y:2016:i:2:p:138-159




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Einar Lie 
Author-X-Name-First: Einar 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lie 
Author-Name: Eivind Thomassen 
Author-X-Name-First: Eivind 
Author-X-Name-Last: Thomassen 
Title: A Norwegian fixation: explaining cheap money in Norway, 1945--1986 
Abstract:
 In a number of European countries, credit markets were characterised by
 heavy regulations of quantities and prices, in terms of interest rates, in
 the post war years. In Norway, the regulations became more vigorous and
 lasted much longer, than most other countries. This article seeks to
 explain the extent and persistence of the policy by tracing the role of
 leading economists, of financial sector, and political considerations in
 relation to growths policies and the housing markets. Whereas a number of
 factors are highlighted in the emergence of the system, the role of
 political considerations in relation to cheap funding for the housing
 sector appears as a fundamental cause and condition in explaining the
 persistence of the cheap money policies into the mid-1980s.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 160-174 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 64 
Year: 2016 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2016.1182581 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2016.1182581 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:64:y:2016:i:2:p:160-174




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jan Ottosson 
Author-X-Name-First: Jan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ottosson 
Title: The power of corporate networks: a comparative and historical perspective, Routledge international studies in business history 
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review 
Pages: 175-176 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 64 
Year: 2016 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2016.1175375 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2016.1175375 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:64:y:2016:i:2:p:175-176




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rolv Petter Amdam
Author-X-Name-First: Rolv Petter
Author-X-Name-Last: Amdam
Title: Den småländska glasregionens uppgång och fall: En ekonomisk historia [The rise and fall of the glass industry in Småland, Sweden: an economic history]
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 106-107
Issue: 1
Volume: 65
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2016.1254679
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2016.1254679
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:65:y:2017:i:1:p:106-107




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mats Hallenberg
Author-X-Name-First: Mats
Author-X-Name-Last: Hallenberg
Author-Name: Magnus Linnarsson
Author-X-Name-First: Magnus
Author-X-Name-Last: Linnarsson
Title: The quest for publicness: political conflict about the organisation of tramways and telecommunication in Sweden, c. 1900–1920
Abstract: 
 This article explores political conflicts about the organisation of public services in Sweden c. 1900–1920. The authors argue that political decisions play a vital role in shaping the political economy of public services. The case studies analysed are the political debates about the communalisation of the tramway system in Stockholm, and the nationalisation of Sweden’s last private telephone company. In both cases, the transfer of the service to public organisation was a lengthy process, ending in the late 1910s. This is explained using the concept of publicness. Drawing on three discursive chains, the argument is that the political development was affected by the politicians conception of the political community, the form of organisation and by perceptions of values such as equal access and modernity. In the case of the tramways, public organisation was seen as the best option to defend the public against corruption and self-interest. In the case of the telephones, free market competition was seen as a guarantee for an efficient and cost-effective service. The reason for this difference, is argued, was that the debate on the tramways articulated a clearer notion of publicness, where equal access and public opinion carried larger weight.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 70-87
Issue: 1
Volume: 65
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2016.1258007
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2016.1258007
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:65:y:2017:i:1:p:70-87




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Esa Ruuskanen
Author-X-Name-First: Esa
Author-X-Name-Last: Ruuskanen
Title: ‘Energiemix’ versus ‘Energiewende’: competing conceptualisations of nuclear energy policy in the German parliamentary debates of 1991–2001
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 109-110
Issue: 1
Volume: 65
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2016.1258008
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2016.1258008
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:65:y:2017:i:1:p:109-110




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Juha Sahi
Author-X-Name-First: Juha
Author-X-Name-Last: Sahi
Title: Most-favoured-nation treaty in service of trade? Case: early trade policy relations between Finland and Japan and their impact on the sales networks of the Finnish forest industry
Abstract: 
 This article scrutinises the significance of the most-favoured-nation (MFN) treaty in promoting the development of commercial activity and its results in transnational trade. As cardinal agents of trade policy, governments act as ‘umpires’ in formulating and guarding the rules of international trade, while the ‘players’ are private corporations which conduct commercial operations in the playing field of international trade. Within the framework of Finno-Japanese trade relations, the players established and developed their trade networks (corporate interconnections) regardless of the umpires and their official rules, meaning the commercial treaties. Through a close examination of the early trade policy relations between Finland and Japan along with the formation and development of the Finnish forest industry’s sales networks into the Japanese market in the early twentieth century, this study demonstrates that there was no explicit causal connection between MFN treaties and the evolution of the Finnish forest industry’s export efforts – and their results.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 88-105
Issue: 1
Volume: 65
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2016.1261736
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2016.1261736
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:65:y:2017:i:1:p:88-105




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gunnar Wetterberg
Author-X-Name-First: Gunnar
Author-X-Name-Last: Wetterberg
Title: Norges Bank 1816–2016 [The Central Bank of Norway, 1816–2016]/Norges Bank 1816–2016: En historie i bilder [The Central Bank of Norway 1816–2016. A pictorial history]
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 110-112
Issue: 1
Volume: 65
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2016.1262278
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2016.1262278
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:65:y:2017:i:1:p:110-112




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Olle Krantz
Author-X-Name-First: Olle
Author-X-Name-Last: Krantz
Title: Store drømmer og harde realiteter: Veibygging og biltrafikk i Norge, 1912–1960 [Big dreams and hard realities: roadbuilding and car traffic in Norway, 1912–1960]
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 107-109
Issue: 1
Volume: 65
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2016.1262895
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2016.1262895
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:65:y:2017:i:1:p:107-109




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lawrence Stryker
Author-X-Name-First: Lawrence
Author-X-Name-Last: Stryker
Title: The King’s currency: Gustav II Adolf and the copper standard (1619–1632)
Abstract: 
 King Gustav Adolf ruled Sweden from 1611, until his death on the battlefield in 1632. The king was at war in Russia, Poland, and Germany, throughout this period. Sweden was a poor and backward country; the crown struggled to pay and feed its armies. The Swedish crown did, however, operate the largest copper mine in Europe, and enjoyed a near monopoly on exports to the continent. In 1624 the crown began a bimetallic standard by minting copper coins alongside the existing silver standard. Eminent scholars from the last century, including Eli F. Heckscher, wrote that the crown’s intention was to manipulate the copper prices in Europe by restricting supply. The crown planned to consume substantial quantities of copper in the royal mints instead of exporting copper as ingot. I will seek to demonstrate that the king had another, parallel, purpose for establishing the copper standard. In addition to influencing the price of copper abroad, he also sought a rapid and simple means of turning copper into a fungible currency, which he could use to sustain his armies. Alongside manipulation, therefore, the king’s motive was to improve his liquidity and cash flow to fuel his military and political ambitions.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 52-69
Issue: 1
Volume: 65
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2016.1266286
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2016.1266286
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:65:y:2017:i:1:p:52-69




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Johannes Hagen
Author-X-Name-First: Johannes
Author-X-Name-Last: Hagen
Title: Pension principles in the Swedish pension system
Abstract: 
 This article analyses the role of pension principles of funding and benefit provision for the development of the Swedish pension system. Focusing on four major public pension reforms in the twentieth century, it discusses why certain pension principles were used and under what circumstances they were more or less likely to change. The analysis shows that change was implemented to a large extent as a response to the previous pension system failing to fulfil its intended purpose in terms of financial stability, work incentives and redistribution.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 28-51
Issue: 1
Volume: 65
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2016.1269670
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2016.1269670
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:65:y:2017:i:1:p:28-51




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lars Fredrik Andersson
Author-X-Name-First: Lars Fredrik
Author-X-Name-Last: Andersson
Author-Name: Liselotte Eriksson
Author-X-Name-First: Liselotte
Author-X-Name-Last: Eriksson
Title: Sickness absence in compulsory and voluntary health insurance: the case of Sweden at the turn of the twentieth century
Abstract: 
 At the turn of the twentieth century, Swedish health insurance was organised according to the Western European models of both voluntary, ‘fraternal’ principles and compulsory, ‘factory scheme’ principles. In this paper, we trace the characteristics of both organisational forms, and compare the sickness absence by considering the role of risk selection and mitigation across a large panel of voluntary and compulsory health insurance societies operating in Sweden between 1900 and 1910. We find that voluntary societies used a wide set of rules and practices in order to select and monitor members in order to keep down the number of sick cases. Compulsory societies applied shorter waiting periods and offered more medical treatment, leading to more frequent but shorter sickness absences.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 6-27
Issue: 1
Volume: 65
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2016.1274677
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2016.1274677
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:65:y:2017:i:1:p:6-27




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alfred Reckendrees
Author-X-Name-First: Alfred
Author-X-Name-Last: Reckendrees
Title: Economic history in times of transition
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 1-5
Issue: 1
Volume: 65
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2017.1294378
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2017.1294378
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:65:y:2017:i:1:p:1-5




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Erik Bengtsson
Author-X-Name-First: Erik
Author-X-Name-Last: Bengtsson
Author-Name: Anna Missiaia
Author-X-Name-First: Anna
Author-X-Name-Last: Missiaia
Author-Name: Ilkka Nummela
Author-X-Name-First: Ilkka
Author-X-Name-Last: Nummela
Author-Name: Mats Olsson
Author-X-Name-First: Mats
Author-X-Name-Last: Olsson
Title: Unequal poverty and equal industrialisation: Finnish wealth, 1750–1900
Abstract: 
 We present the first comprehensive, long-run estimates of Finnish wealth and its distribution from 1750 to 1900. Using wealth data from 17,279 probate inventories, we show that Finland was very unequal between 1750 and 1850; the top decile owned about 90% of total wealth. This means that Finland was more unequal than the much wealthier economies Britain, France and the US, which goes against the common assumption of richer economies being more unequal. Moreover, when industrialisation took off in Finland, inequality started a downward trajectory. High inequality 1750–1850 was bottom-driven, by a large share of the population owning nothing or close to nothing of value, while economic development after 1850 was pro-equal since the ownership of forests, since long in the hands of the peasantry, became more valuable with the development of forest-based industries. Our findings thus contradict commonplace assumptions that economic growth and industrialisation are associated with more inequality, as well as recent arguments that very few factors beyond catastrophes can decrease inequality. We instead argue for a more inductive and open approach to the determinants of long-run inequality.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 229-248
Issue: 3
Volume: 67
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2018.1546614
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2018.1546614
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:67:y:2019:i:3:p:229-248




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kristoffer Collin
Author-X-Name-First: Kristoffer
Author-X-Name-Last: Collin
Author-Name: Christer Lundh
Author-X-Name-First: Christer
Author-X-Name-Last: Lundh
Author-Name: Svante Prado
Author-X-Name-First: Svante
Author-X-Name-Last: Prado
Title: Exploring regional wage dispersion in Swedish manufacturing, 1860–2009
Abstract: 
 Economic theory predicts that regional wages will converge as transport and communication technologies bring labour markets together. An exploration of this transition from labour market segmentation to unification requires long-term evidence of nominal wages and cost of living by region. This paper presents new evidence of wages for male manufacturing workers and cost-of-living indices across 24 Swedish counties between 1860 and 2009. Our findings indicate that the Swedish regional wage differentials were a great deal larger in the 1860s than in the 2000s. Most of the compression took place between the 1860s and World War I, as well as in the 1930s and during World War II. Differences in expenditures on housing impact on our assessment of convergence in the post-World War II decades: the nominal measure declines, while the real one stays constant. Our concluding discussion engages with the assumption that before World War I, regional wage convergence was associated with labour mobility, spurred by improved communication and transportation technologies as well as by the implementation of modern employment contracts. In the 1930s and 1940s, in contrast, regional wage convergence can be traced to high unionisation and centralised collective bargaining in the labour market, two distinguishing features of the Swedish Model.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 249-268
Issue: 3
Volume: 67
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2018.1551242
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2018.1551242
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:67:y:2019:i:3:p:249-268




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elena Kochetkova
Author-X-Name-First: Elena
Author-X-Name-Last: Kochetkova
Author-Name: Pavel Pokid`ko
Author-X-Name-First: Pavel
Author-X-Name-Last: Pokid`ko
Title: Soviet industrial production and waste dispersal: a case study of pulp and paper plants on the Karelian Isthmus, 1940s–1980s
Abstract: 
 This article examines the industrial wastes and environmental effects of Soviet technological development through the history of the Karelian Isthmus, a border territory that had previously been Finnish. Focusing primarily on the history of two large enterprises – the Svetogorskii (former Enso) and Sovetskii (former Johannes) pulp and paper making plants, the authors illustrate the polluting nature of the Soviet economy in the 1940s–1980s. We contend that from the very beginning, important as they were for the USSR, the enterprises of the Isthmus were built into a system of shortages of techniques and materials that contributed to the hectic fulfilment of the plan. Producing pulp and pulp-based products remained a priority during the whole Soviet period. On the level of industrial enterprises, the Soviet system revealed itself as incapable of solving the problem of pollution and wasting. After waste treatment facilities developed by Soviet engineers in the 1960s turned out to be inadequate for dealing with increasing pollution, the Soviet authorities called on Finnish companies to carry out substantial modernisation of a few enterprises on the Isthmus. This helped the modernised plants remain functioning in the age of economic crisis at the end of the Soviet epoch. Old problems, however, such as shortages and lack of expertise, remained pivotal, while new sources of pollution, such as carbon emissions, appeared. As a result, the level of contamination was still high and led to negative environmental impacts.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 269-282
Issue: 3
Volume: 67
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2019.1587499
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2019.1587499
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nadia Fernández-de-Pinedo
Author-X-Name-First: Nadia
Author-X-Name-Last: Fernández-de-Pinedo
Author-Name: Félix-Fernando Muñoz
Author-X-Name-First: Félix-Fernando
Author-X-Name-Last: Muñoz
Title: Visualising defence and war in economic history journals (1989–2018)
Abstract: 
 Economics usually takes for granted a peaceful world with peaceful market transactions, where war and conflict are anomalies to the current state of business life. However, as History shows violence is a pervasive phenomenon. How is the current state of the art of research on war and defence in economic history journals? This paper provides an overview of research published on this topic by a selection of economic history journals since the fall of Berlin wall. By means of bibliometric and cluster analysis, and using visualising analytical tools, we show the production, main topics, authors, sources, etc. on this research area, and compare with the treatment received in economic journals. The main findings are that publications in economic history journals have increased in the last decades; cover a list of themes broader than that in economic journals; give an increasing importance to quantitative techniques; cite sources from the same area as well as from the top economic journals; and show a relative lack of appeal to neighbouring disciplines. Although economics and economic history influence each other, the direction of the scientific knowledge is going mostly from economics towards economic history rather than the opposite.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 283-311
Issue: 3
Volume: 67
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2019.1615982
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2019.1615982
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:67:y:2019:i:3:p:283-311




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mats Morell
Author-X-Name-First: Mats
Author-X-Name-Last: Morell
Author-Name: Martin Söderhäll
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Söderhäll
Title: Smallholders’ and large estates’ reaction to changed market conditions 1860–1910
Abstract: 
 Reduced transport costs and income growth in industrialising European countries changed the market conditions for European farmers in the late nineteenth century. Grain prices fell while dairy prices rose. It has been claimed that these price changes hit large grain farmers with vested interests in grain trade particularly hard, while owner-occupiers and smallholders fared better and with help of developing cooperative associations, came out as successful commercial agriculturalists by switching to intensive branches, foremost dairying. Recent research on the Danish case, shows, however, that change was initiated on large elite estates with long-term dairy traditions. The literature on the Swedish case indicates, that larger farms switched to intensified fodder production quicker than smaller farms did, while in the early twentieth century smaller farms played an un-proportionally large role on the dairy market. Using individual farm data from two East-central Swedish parishes in 1878/80, 1895/96 and 1910/11, it is shown, that larger farms tended to modernise crop rotations and switch towards dairy production earlier than small farms did. Smaller farms caught up, and by 1910 their land use was about as strongly adapted to commercial dairy production as larger farms’ land use was.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 312-331
Issue: 3
Volume: 67
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2019.1620850
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2019.1620850
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:67:y:2019:i:3:p:312-331




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Per Högselius
Author-X-Name-First: Per
Author-X-Name-Last: Högselius
Title: Møter med Kina: norsk diplomati, næringsliv og misjon 1890–1937
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 332-333
Issue: 3
Volume: 67
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2019.1601639
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2019.1601639
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:67:y:2019:i:3:p:332-333




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Werner Scheltjens
Author-X-Name-First: Werner
Author-X-Name-Last: Scheltjens
Title: The Sound Toll at Elsinore. Politics, shipping and the collection of duties 1429–1857
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 333-335
Issue: 3
Volume: 67
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2019.1615983
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2019.1615983
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:67:y:2019:i:3:p:333-335




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rodney Edvinsson
Author-X-Name-First: Rodney
Author-X-Name-Last: Edvinsson
Title: Testing the demand approach to reconstruct pre-industrial agricultural output
Abstract: 
 A common method to reconstruct historical national accounts is the demand approach, which calculates agricultural consumption from the development of wages and prices of agricultural and non-agricultural products assuming constant income, own price and cross price elasticities of demand. This study uses agricultural data for Sweden 1802–1950, which is more reliable than for other countries, to put the approach to test. Time series analysis shows that the demand approach could be modelled as a cointegrating relationship between per capita demand and the deflated wage. Income elasticity is estimated to +0.4. Using the estimated parameters to extrapolate Swedish agricultural consumption back to the Middle Ages accords quite well with other indicators. However, out-of-sampling shows that the 90% confidence interval is as large as ±0.15–0.25 natural logarithms.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 202-218
Issue: 3
Volume: 64
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2016.1191534
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2016.1191534
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:64:y:2016:i:3:p:202-218




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jan Kunnas
Author-X-Name-First: Jan
Author-X-Name-Last: Kunnas
Title: Human capital in Britain, 1760–2009
Abstract: 
 Human capital can be defined as the knowledge, skills, competencies and attributes embodied in individuals that facilitate the creation of personal, social and economic well-being. It is arguably one of the most important determinants of economic growth. In general, human capital has been calculated with two different approaches: (1) retrospective method through the expenditures on education, (2) prospective through the discounted sum of the wages it would receive over the expected number of remaining working years. In this paper we use the prospective method to calculate human capital in the UK from the mid-eighteenth century to the present, providing the by far longest estimate for human capital for any country. To overcome the problems related to the scarcity of historical data, we developed a method which is able to make the most efficient use of the scarce data available for the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Our calculations show a 112-fold increase of human capital, and a 13-fold increase of human capital per worker and per capita from 1760 to 2009. Using cumulative schooling expenditures from 1833 to 2000, we examine whether increased spending on schooling explains this phenomenal growth in human capital.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 219-242
Issue: 3
Volume: 64
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2016.1208625
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2016.1208625
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:64:y:2016:i:3:p:219-242




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John A. Dove
Author-X-Name-First: John A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Dove
Title: U.S. state fiscal constraints and railroad development through the nineteenth century
Abstract: 
 Throughout the nineteenth century, U.S. states developed extensive fiscal constraints meant to limit public investment in infrastructure projects, especially railroad aid. These limitations came as a direct result of perceived malinvestment and mishandling of public funds in earlier infrastructure projects that were pursued to promote state and local economic development. However, an important yet under-researched question is to what extent these constraints may have helped or hindered the development of public infrastructure across these states. Overall, the evidence would suggest that in general, more binding constraints that limited the ability of state and local governments to invest in these projects actually led to an increase in railroad mileage. These findings provide important insights both regarding the development of railroads throughout the U.S. and offer a potential counterfactual to some European and Scandinavian experiences, which saw extensive public aid and in some instances nationalisation of railroad lines.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 243-257
Issue: 3
Volume: 64
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2016.1208626
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2016.1208626
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:64:y:2016:i:3:p:243-257




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Karolin Sjöö
Author-X-Name-First: Karolin
Author-X-Name-Last: Sjöö
Title: Innovation and industrial renewal in Sweden, 1970–2007
Abstract: 
 This study explores the question of whether the Swedish innovation output of the 1970s and 1980s (and the following decades) indicates structural lock-in or renewal. It is motivated by inconsistent explanations in the current literature about the relation between the economic slowdown and subsequent industrial renewal, as well as a lack of research focusing, in this context, on the primary driver of economic growth and structural change: innovation. By observing the number and type of innovations as they hit the market, the data in this paper tell a real time story about micro level innovation activity during the time that the economic crisis unfolds. The analysis considers Swedish innovation output between 1970 and 2007, characterising the number of significant innovations, their novelty, and their origin (including size of firm and industry sector). Three central findings emerge, defined by both the time period and the character of innovations. First, the magnitude of innovation activity peaks in the late 1970s to early 1980s. Second, starting in the late 1970s, small firms begin to outperform large firms in terms of both innovation quantity and quality (i.e. world market novelties). Third, the 1980s saw a distinct shift in the industrial origin of innovations, with software and telecom becoming the leaders in innovation output. The findings suggest that the observed industrial renewal is more nuanced than what has emerged from previous research.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 258-277
Issue: 3
Volume: 64
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2016.1218928
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2016.1218928
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:64:y:2016:i:3:p:258-277




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lars Fredrik Andersson
Author-X-Name-First: Lars Fredrik
Author-X-Name-Last: Andersson
Author-Name: Ann-Kristin Bergquist
Author-X-Name-First: Ann-Kristin
Author-X-Name-Last: Bergquist
Author-Name: Rikard Eriksson
Author-X-Name-First: Rikard
Author-X-Name-Last: Eriksson
Title: Profits, dividends and industry restructuring: the Swedish paper and pulp industry between 1945 and 1977
Abstract: 
 This paper explores the role of profit distribution in the restructuring of the Swedish paper and pulp (P&amp;P) industry between 1945 and 1977. In addressing this issue, we will draw on the life-cycle theory and market imperfection arguments to examine whether the less profitable firms shared more of their profits as dividends, or remained on the market longer by reinvesting the majority of the profits. Our study shows that an increasing share of the profits was distributed to owners over time, and thus less profit was reinvested in industrial renewal. We find that the observed general upward trend in dividends can be attributed to the decline in profit and firm legacy, as firms in the Swedish P&amp;P industry kept dividends up while reducing reinvestment as their profit margins decreased over time. Our study shows that the market imperfections related to capital taxation and investment funds increased rather than decreased dividends.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 278-296
Issue: 3
Volume: 64
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2016.1223745
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2016.1223745
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:64:y:2016:i:3:p:278-296




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kristoffer Lund Vik-Langlie
Author-X-Name-First: Kristoffer Lund
Author-X-Name-Last: Vik-Langlie
Title: Norges fiskeri- og kysthistorie Bind V: Over den leiken ville han rå – Norsk havbruksnærings historie [The game for which he wanted to master: the history of Norwegian fish farming]
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 297-298
Issue: 3
Volume: 64
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2016.1231711
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2016.1231711
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:64:y:2016:i:3:p:297-298




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Barry R. Weingast
Author-X-Name-First: Barry R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Weingast
Title: Exposing the neoclassical fallacy: McCloskey on ideas and the great enrichment
Abstract: 
 In this paper, I discuss Deirdre McCloskey’s argument that ‘ideas, not capital or institutions,’ were the cause of the ‘great enrichment,’ the spectacular growth of the world economy since 1800. I disagree that the ideas of liberty and equality alone caused the great enrichment but agree that these ideas were central and necessary for it. Most theorists of development and economic history fail to recognise the importance of these ideas despite implicitly assuming them in what I call the ‘neoclassical fallacy.’ I also extend McCloskey’s views to include a greater understanding of liberty and equality through their implementation, which necessarily involves institutions that provide political officials with incentives to honour these ideas in practice. Ideas of liberty and equality are not self-implementing, and most attempts to implement them fail. Finally, I argue that a range of political theorists from Hobbes to Madison studied the problem of implementing liberty and equality. In the 150 years prior to 1800, they helped devise a series of institutions that sustained liberty, equality, and the rule of law. These ideas also contributed to the great enrichment.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 189-201
Issue: 3
Volume: 64
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2016.1233134
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2016.1233134
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:64:y:2016:i:3:p:189-201




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jari Ojala
Author-X-Name-First: Jari
Author-X-Name-Last: Ojala
Author-Name: Tiina Hemminki
Author-X-Name-First: Tiina
Author-X-Name-Last: Hemminki
Author-Name: Pasi Nevalainen
Author-X-Name-First: Pasi
Author-X-Name-Last: Nevalainen
Title: Defending dissertations on economic history
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 179-188
Issue: 3
Volume: 64
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2016.1243851
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2016.1243851
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:64:y:2016:i:3:p:179-188




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Olle Krantz
Author-X-Name-First: Olle
Author-X-Name-Last: Krantz
Title: Lennart Schön 1946–2016
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 302-303
Issue: 3
Volume: 64
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2016.1246887
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2016.1246887
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:64:y:2016:i:3:p:302-303




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ingrid Henriksen
Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid
Author-X-Name-Last: Henriksen
Author-Name: Paul Sharp
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Sharp
Title: Karl Gunnar Persson 1943–2016
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 299-301
Issue: 3
Volume: 64
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2016.1249212
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2016.1249212
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:64:y:2016:i:3:p:299-301




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Editorial Board
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: ebi-ebi
Issue: 3
Volume: 64
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2016.1270060
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2016.1270060
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:64:y:2016:i:3:p:ebi-ebi




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hamid Raza
Author-X-Name-First: Hamid
Author-X-Name-Last: Raza
Author-Name: Gylfi Zoega
Author-X-Name-First: Gylfi
Author-X-Name-Last: Zoega
Author-Name: Stephen Kinsella
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen
Author-X-Name-Last: Kinsella
Title: Exploring the effects of capital mobility on the saving–investment nexus: evidence from Icelandic historical data
Abstract: 
 We explore the effects of capital mobility on the relationship between saving and investment using historical data for Iceland. First, we analyse the saving–investment (S-I) correlation for the period of restricted capital mobility using data from 1960 and 1994. We then add a period of free capital mobility between 1994 and 2008 and estimate the correlation for the period 1960–2008. Finally, we extend our analysis to the 2008 to 2016 period, when capital controls were imposed in response to the crisis. Institutions matter: We find institutional changes, in particular, Iceland’s entry into the European Single Market in 1994, coincided with a fall in the long-run correlation between saving and investment. However, the correlation weakens further when we include the post-crisis regime of capital controls, suggesting a weaker relationship between savings and investment in this regime. We discuss the possible reasons for this pattern and also the implications of our findings for post-crisis policy in small open economies.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 117-131
Issue: 2
Volume: 67
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2018.1529615
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2018.1529615
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:67:y:2019:i:2:p:117-131




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Peter Håkansson
Author-X-Name-First: Peter
Author-X-Name-Last: Håkansson
Author-Name: Anders Nilsson
Author-X-Name-First: Anders
Author-X-Name-Last: Nilsson
Title: Getting a job when times are bad: recruitment practices in Sweden before, during and after the Great Recession
Abstract: 
 Research on recruitment shows that networks matter and are effective as search channels. The aim of this article is to analyse how recruitment practices varies over time, and specifically, how it has varied before, during, and after the Great Recession 2008–2009. The findings are that recruitment practices change both in the short term, in relation to labour supply, which we can call a cyclical effect, but also in accordance to a long-term, structural effects. Informal recruitment practices, such as recruitment through ‘friends and acquaintances’ and ‘employer made contact’, seem to increase during bad times. In the long run, the recruitment practices ‘direct application’, ‘friends and acquaintances’ and ‘formal private’ increase in relation to recruitment through the Swedish Public Employment Agency (SPEA). A reason for this may be that the labour market in the new knowledge economy demands a heterogenic workforce with high demands on non-cognitive skills and customisation. Here the new network recruitment practices seem to fit in.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 132-153
Issue: 2
Volume: 67
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2018.1543729
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2018.1543729
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:67:y:2019:i:2:p:132-153




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Avni Önder Hanedar
Author-X-Name-First: Avni Önder
Author-X-Name-Last: Hanedar
Author-Name: Hatice Gaye Gencer
Author-X-Name-First: Hatice Gaye
Author-X-Name-Last: Gencer
Author-Name: Sercan Demiralay
Author-X-Name-First: Sercan
Author-X-Name-Last: Demiralay
Author-Name: İsmail Altay
Author-X-Name-First: İsmail
Author-X-Name-Last: Altay
Title: The Ottoman dissolution and the İstanbul bourse between war and peace: a foreign exchange market perspective on the Great War
Abstract: 
 The participation of the Ottoman Empire in the First World War caused economic disruptions, huge budget deficits, surmounted inflation rates and excessive depreciation of Lira, the Ottoman currency. Based on the value of Lira against the currencies of Switzerland, Netherlands, Sweden that were not in the war, we focus on the effects of news about the war on the foreign exchange rates at the İstanbul bourse from 1918 to 1919. Our results signify some dates, which match the announcements of the armistices and peace meetings, heralding continuous depreciation of Lira. Thus, the findings support the presence of an expectation on the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire with the peace, marked by the escalation of the loss in trust for the Lira and the power of the state in foreign exchange interventions.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 154-170
Issue: 2
Volume: 67
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2018.1546615
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2018.1546615
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:67:y:2019:i:2:p:154-170




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hans Sjögren
Author-X-Name-First: Hans
Author-X-Name-Last: Sjögren
Author-Name: Martin Jes Iversen
Author-X-Name-First: Martin Jes
Author-X-Name-Last: Iversen
Title: The state as the investor of last resort: a comparative study of banking crises in Denmark and Sweden
Abstract: 
 This article addresses the role of the state in bailouts, i.e. government objectives and measures during banking crises. Our main question concerns the incentives and measures that governments pursue in a state of a systemic banking crisis, and why they are launched. What have been the objectives and operations when a government has decided to act as an investor of last resort and take control of commercial banks? The answer is limited to cover the financial history of two countries. The study unveils government interventions in the latest crises in Denmark and Sweden, and critically analyse which objectives justified the setting up of organisations for financial stability. The two country-cases differ in terms of historical experience, context, and time-period. We compare intrinsic principles and perceptions for government intervention, with a focus on bailouts and state-owned banks. We argue that the implementation of measures dates back to the early phases of capitalism in the 19th century i.e. is part of a historical institutional pattern. The similarities shown indicate that there is an international standard for a public–private arrangement ensuring financial stability. Our results relate to the discussion of launching effective and legitimate state policies during and after a systemic banking crisis.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 171-189
Issue: 2
Volume: 67
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2018.1557075
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2018.1557075
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:67:y:2019:i:2:p:171-189




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kristin Ranestad
Author-X-Name-First: Kristin
Author-X-Name-Last: Ranestad
Title: Copper trade and production of copper, brass and bronze goods in the Oldenburg monarchy: copperworks and copper users in the eighteenth century
Abstract: 
 This paper explores trade connections – or the lack of such – between copperworks and copper processing plants in the Oldenburg Monarchy in the eighteenth century. Domestic customs areas, high tariffs on raw material export and import bans sought to encourage domestic copper and brass goods production of Norwegian copper raw material, however this was only realised halfway. The raw material from Norway was largely exported, and copper and brass materials used to produce copper-, brass and bronze goods were imported from all over the world. The copperworks and processing plants in the Monarchy never became strongly integrated due to several reasons. First, shareholders of copperworks acquired favourable credit deals abroad, and preferred to export the copper, and second, copper materials had different features and processing plants used all sorts of copper inputs in the making of goods, not only copper raw material. Norway produced mostly gar copper, so copper plants and coppersmiths had to turn elsewhere for other types of copper. Production of copper and brass goods increased, but did not meet the domestic demand partly due to a strong foreign competition. The optimal goal of ‘mercantilist theory’ regarding copper and brass import substitution was not reached.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 190-209
Issue: 2
Volume: 67
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2019.1566767
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2019.1566767
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:67:y:2019:i:2:p:190-209




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pierre-Yves Donzé
Author-X-Name-First: Pierre-Yves
Author-X-Name-Last: Donzé
Author-Name: Ben Wubs
Author-X-Name-First: Ben
Author-X-Name-Last: Wubs
Title: Global competition and cooperation in the electronics industry: the case of X-ray equipment, 1900–1970
Abstract: 
 The electronics industry is often regarded by scholars as an example of a sector driven by endless technological innovation and major competition between a few large companies, thus embodying the common view whereby the free market leads firms to innovate. On the other hand, some business historians have also emphasised that, since the beginning of the twentieth century, most of these companies were engaged in various international cartel agreements. The business and economic history literature on this industry reveals a clear-cut divide between the inter-war years and the post-war era. In this paper, however, we argue that technical and commercial cooperation between large electronics companies continued in various forms despite the spread of anti-trust policies after 1945. In this case study, we explore the global X-ray equipment industry from its beginnings around 1900 to the advent of the CT scanner in the early 1970s. The paper focuses on Siemens and Philips, the two largest manufacturers of radiological equipment. It demonstrates that both companies pursued their commercial and technical cooperation at least until the 1970s, although it was much less overt as during the interwar years.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 210-225
Issue: 2
Volume: 67
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2019.1583123
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2019.1583123
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tuomo Peltonen
Author-X-Name-First: Tuomo
Author-X-Name-Last: Peltonen
Title: A global history of consumer co-operation since 1850: movements and businesses
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 226-227
Issue: 2
Volume: 67
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2019.1601638
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2019.1601638
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:67:y:2019:i:2:p:226-227




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Francisco J. Beltran Tapia
Author-X-Name-First: Francisco J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Beltran Tapia
Author-Name: Espen Ekberg
Author-X-Name-First: Espen
Author-X-Name-Last: Ekberg
Title: Editorial
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 115-116
Issue: 2
Volume: 67
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2019.1625566
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2019.1625566
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:67:y:2019:i:2:p:115-116




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Davíd F. Björnsson
Author-X-Name-First: Davíd F.
Author-X-Name-Last: Björnsson
Author-Name: Gylfi Zoega
Author-X-Name-First: Gylfi
Author-X-Name-Last: Zoega
Title: Seasonality of birth rates in agricultural Iceland
Abstract: 
 The seasonal pattern of birth rates in nineteenth-century agricultural Iceland, peaking in late summer and early autumn, gradually disappeared when the population migrated to fishing villages in the last decades of the nineteenth century and the first three decades of the twentieth century. We describe how this pattern is consistent with changes that have occurred in other countries and discuss some possible causes.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 294-306
Issue: 3
Volume: 65
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2017.1340333
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2017.1340333
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:65:y:2017:i:3:p:294-306




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joachim Lund
Author-X-Name-First: Joachim
Author-X-Name-Last: Lund
Title: Paying for Hitler’s war: the consequences of Nazi hegemony for Europe
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 326-327
Issue: 3
Volume: 65
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2017.1360198
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2017.1360198
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:65:y:2017:i:3:p:326-327




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Luca Mocarelli
Author-X-Name-First: Luca
Author-X-Name-Last: Mocarelli
Author-Name: Giulio Ongaro
Author-X-Name-First: Giulio
Author-X-Name-Last: Ongaro
Title: Weapons’ production in the Republic of Venice in the Early Modern period: the manufacturing centre of Brescia between military needs and economic equilibrium
Abstract: 
 The aim of the paper is to analyse the functioning of weapons’ production in the province of Brescia in the Early Modern period. The article will underline the delicate equilibrium between productive capacity, international market and military and political needs of the Republic of Venice. In the Republic of Venice, but generally in every time and area, war affected weapons’ production in different ways: in a positive way, stimulating the growth of the Brescian productive system, with internal and external demands that fostered investments. However, when the system was big enough to face both these demands (internal and external), the level of production had to remain high; otherwise, masters would emigrate to find markets that were more profitable. From this point of view, war could be a great limit, because the Republic of Venice restricted the export (of men and products) to maintain inside its borders the know-how and the weapons for its own use. Moreover, there was the will to not supply arms to the enemy States.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 231-242
Issue: 3
Volume: 65
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2017.1361470
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2017.1361470
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:65:y:2017:i:3:p:231-242




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gjermund Forfang Rongved
Author-X-Name-First: Gjermund Forfang
Author-X-Name-Last: Rongved
Title: The Gold War: the dissolution of the Scandinavian Currency Union during the First World War
Abstract: 
 This article explains how the outbreak of the First World War resulted in the de facto dissolution of the Scandinavian Currency Union. Up until the First World War, the union among the central banks of Denmark, Norway and Sweden is considered to be a success. However, the outbreak of war brought cooperation to its knees. The article rejects two conventional perspectives on the break-up of the union. Firstly, that Denmark's and Norway's greater monetary expansion was pivotal to the break-up, whilst Sweden pursued a more prudent monetary policy. In contrast, the article argues that the disintegration of the union is better understood by the implementation of a unilateral Swedish gold blockade policy, influenced by Swedish economic theorists. Secondly, that Sweden in April 1917 finally solved her problem of continued gold inflows by threatening to withdraw from the union. Quite conversely, it is argued that Swedish the Riksbank had to give up her hard line, because Norwegian Norges Bank throughout 1917 forced through gold shipments to pay for Norway's trade deficit, which resulted in a virtual Gold War between the two countries. The scramble for resources saw cordiality being replaced by distrust, whilst national needs overrode any hope of cooperation.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 243-262
Issue: 3
Volume: 65
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2017.1364292
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2017.1364292
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:65:y:2017:i:3:p:243-262




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hanna Vikström
Author-X-Name-First: Hanna
Author-X-Name-Last: Vikström
Author-Name: Per Högselius
Author-X-Name-First: Per
Author-X-Name-Last: Högselius
Author-Name: Dag Avango
Author-X-Name-First: Dag
Author-X-Name-Last: Avango
Title: Swedish steel and global resource colonialism: Sandviken’s quest for Turkish chromium, 1925–1950
Abstract: 
 This article analyses Swedish industry’s attempts to secure strategic raw materials in an era of global resource colonialism. More precisely, it tells the story of how Sandvikens Jernverk – a leading Swedish steel producer – set out to secure its need for chromium ore during the Interwar Era. Up to the late 1920s, Sandviken sourced its chromium from British and French colonies. However, the company feared the British Empire’s growing dominance in the global chromium ore market. In 1928, then, Sandviken joined forces with several other Swedish steel producers, forming a consortium that, with ample help from Swedish foreign policy actors, managed to establish an independent source of chromium ore in Turkey. This project, however, which took the form of an Istanbul-based mining company, made big losses and was abandoned after only a few years. The project failed because of changes in the world chromium market, the global economic crisis, conflicts with the company’s Turkey-based managing director and the Swedish reluctance to scale up mining in such a way that the chromium ore might compete with Rhodesian, New Caledonian and Baluchistani ore.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 307-325
Issue: 3
Volume: 65
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2017.1369152
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2017.1369152
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:65:y:2017:i:3:p:307-325




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maiju Wuokko
Author-X-Name-First: Maiju
Author-X-Name-Last: Wuokko
Title: Business in the battle of ideas, 1945–1991: conclusions from the Finnish case
Abstract: 
 This article examines the political activity – specifically lobbying and PR efforts – of major Finnish business associations during the Cold War era (c. 1945–1991). The main motivation for business political activity was the threat of socialism and state intervention in their various forms. Based on a qualitative reading of archived documents, this article illustrates a shift from the fear of an outright revolution in the 1940s, through leftist radicalism and economic regulation in the 1970s, to the rise of environmentalism in the 1980s. Influencing efforts were targeted at both politicians and the general public but, towards the end of period studied, shaping public opinion became increasingly important. This article contributes to our knowledge on business-politics links and business political activity as historical phenomena. It points out compelling similarities in the political activity of business in various Western countries and suggests that they should be examined more thoroughly in future research.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 279-293
Issue: 3
Volume: 65
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2017.1371638
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2017.1371638
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:65:y:2017:i:3:p:279-293




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nathan Delaney
Author-X-Name-First: Nathan
Author-X-Name-Last: Delaney
Title: The Great War and the transformation of the Atlantic copper trade
Abstract: 
 Just before the First World War, 70% of the globe’s copper was mined or processed in the U.S. At that time, nearly the same percentage of copper was consumed in Europe – the vast majority of which originated from American mines. At first glance, a trade dynamic of this sort would appear to strongly favour the position of U.S. producers; surprisingly, sources indicate that control of the world’s copper trade was largely the prerogative of a select group of German metal trading companies – the largest and most influential among them was Metallgesellschaft (MG). The following essay explores the competitive dynamics among producers, consumers, and intermediary groups. It argues that U.S. producers were only able to gain substantive control over the supply and marketing of copper in the wake of the economic disruption caused by the Great War.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 263-278
Issue: 3
Volume: 65
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2017.1377633
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2017.1377633
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:65:y:2017:i:3:p:263-278




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jari Ojala
Author-X-Name-First: Jari
Author-X-Name-Last: Ojala
Title: Editorial
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 223-223
Issue: 3
Volume: 65
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2017.1397313
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2017.1397313
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:65:y:2017:i:3:p:223-223




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Erik Lakomaa
Author-X-Name-First: Erik
Author-X-Name-Last: Lakomaa
Title: The history of business and war: introduction
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 224-230
Issue: 3
Volume: 65
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2017.1397314
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2017.1397314
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:65:y:2017:i:3:p:224-230




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Corrigendum
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 328-328
Issue: 3
Volume: 65
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2017.1402559
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2017.1402559
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:65:y:2017:i:3:p:328-328




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Magnus Bohman
Author-X-Name-First: Magnus
Author-X-Name-Last: Bohman
Title: Deal with it! The emergence and reversal of an agro-ecological crisis, Southern Sweden in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries
Abstract: 
 The European Early Modern period provides examples of stagnating and even declining production and energy consumption per capita, which can be interpreted as indicators of an emerging crisis. With a focus on agriculture sector, some have suggested that the crisis was ‘conditional’ – meaning that a crisis can only be observed in some cases. This article investigates one such case, a village in Southern Sweden during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and investigates the mechanisms that mediate population growth to deteriorating living standards and environmental degradation. It provides new insights into the conditions of pre-industrial agriculture, particularly as regards the consequences of intensified demand pressure in ecologically fragile areas, and argues that human societies must be studied in tandem with their natural surroundings.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 206-220
Issue: 2
Volume: 65
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2017.1286257
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2017.1286257
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:65:y:2017:i:2:p:206-220




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Adnan Türegün
Author-X-Name-First: Adnan
Author-X-Name-Last: Türegün
Title: Revisiting Sweden’s response to the Great Depression of the 1930s: economic policy in a regional context
Abstract: 
 This intra-Scandinavian comparison provides a corrective to existing comparative literature on Sweden's response to the Great Depression at three levels: policy conception, case selection and mode of explanation. The paper's holistic view of economic policy shows that the Swedish response was not just about fiscal policy. A broadly defined Swedish response becomes even less distinctive when compared with its Danish and Norwegian counterparts. The paper makes three points to explain the intra-Scandinavian variation (convergence and divergence). First, the regional-metropolitan context matters. Facing similar international challenges, the three small states developed a defensive reflex by striking domestic compromises, abandoning the gold standard, devaluing their currencies and effecting monetary expansion. Second, the political-economic development experience matters. On one hand, proportional representation entrenched Scandinavian farmers as a critical political force, thus ensuring agricultural protectionism across the region. On the other hand, the cross-national divergence in industrialisation largely shaped industrial policy: Sweden’s relative trade and domestic liberalism sharply contrasted with Denmark’s exchange controls and Norway’s import substitution. Third, ideology matters. Whereas the Danish Social Democrats’ traditional liberalism and their Norwegian counterparts’ radicalism buttressed fiscal orthodoxy, the Swedish Social Democrats’ ideational and programmatic renewal paved the way for the fiscal experiment of the crisis years.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 127-148
Issue: 2
Volume: 65
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2017.1286258
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2017.1286258
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:65:y:2017:i:2:p:127-148




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Erik Bengtsson
Author-X-Name-First: Erik
Author-X-Name-Last: Bengtsson
Author-Name: Jakob Molinder
Author-X-Name-First: Jakob
Author-X-Name-Last: Molinder
Title: The economic effects of the 1920 eight-hour working day reform in Sweden
Abstract: 
 In 1920, the working day in Swedish manufacturing and services was cut from 10 to 8 hours without wages being cut correspondingly. Since workers demanded and got the same daily wage working 8 hours as they had with 10, real hourly wages increased dramatically; they were about 50% higher in 1921–1922 than they had been in 1919. This is the largest wage push in Swedish history, and this paper studies the consequences for profits, investments, capital intensity and unemployment. In traded manufacturing employers responded by increasing capital intensity and did not compensate for rising wages by raising prices, which led to a combination of jobless growth and low profit rates in the 1920s. Firms in non-traded manufacturing and services could raise prices and conserve profitability to a higher degree. In total, the effects of the reform were pro-labour. We discuss the implications for our understanding of interwar wages and employment, the literature on the decrease in inequality found in most industrial countries around 1920 and the rise of the ‘Swedish model’ in the 1920s and 1930s.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 149-168
Issue: 2
Volume: 65
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2017.1290673
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2017.1290673
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:65:y:2017:i:2:p:149-168




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Roger Svensson
Author-X-Name-First: Roger
Author-X-Name-Last: Svensson
Title: The search for seignorage: periodic re-coinage in medieval Sweden
Abstract: 
 A specific monetary tax − called periodic re-coinage − was applied for almost 200 years in large parts of medieval Europe. Old coins were frequently declared invalid and exchanged for new ones based on publicly announced dates and exchange fees. A theoretical framework of how periodic re-coinage works in practice is tested on Swedish coinage. The theory suggests that economic backwardness, limited monetisation of society and separate currency areas facilitated re-coinage. The Swedish experience is extraordinarily consistent with this theory. It is shown that Sweden adopted coin types similar to those minted in Continental Europe during the Middle Ages and the corresponding coinage and monetary taxation policies. Periodic re-coinage was applied with varying frequency from 1180 to 1290. However, monetisation increased in the late thirteenth century, making periodic re-coinage more difficult, and long-lived coins were introduced in 1290. With the end of periodic re-coinage, Swedish kings accelerated the debasement of long-lived coins, which continued until the beginning of the sixteenth century.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 189-205
Issue: 2
Volume: 65
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2017.1314868
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2017.1314868
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:65:y:2017:i:2:p:189-205




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rodney Edvinsson
Author-X-Name-First: Rodney
Author-X-Name-Last: Edvinsson
Author-Name: Therese Nordlund Edvinsson
Author-X-Name-First: Therese Nordlund
Author-X-Name-Last: Edvinsson
Title: Explaining the Swedish ‘housewife era’ of 1930–1970: joint utility maximisation or renewed patriarchy?
Abstract: 
 This study shows that the Swedish ‘housewife era’ roughly occurred in 1930–1970. During the 1950s, the ratio of women’s worked hours to men’s worked hours reached a low point. In the early 1970s, it rose to above 50%. We argue that models of joint utility maximisation, assuming equal gender power relations unrestrained by cultural and institutional settings, cannot alone explain this era. The two principal structural mechanisms behind the rise of the breadwinner household were the decline of the farm household and the increased proportion of married women. Both weakened the bargaining position of women. Three results in our study weaken the claims of the joint utility maximisation model. Firstly, marriage was much more important than motherhood in determining the probability of women’s labour force participation, although the age of the child is then not taken into account. Secondly, the labour force participation of married women was similar across different social strata outside of the farm and top income households, indicating a prevalent capitalist patriarchal structure. Thirdly, women’s leisure was valued less than men’s, demonstrating that the preferences of the husband were prioritised over those of the wife.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 169-188
Issue: 2
Volume: 65
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2017.1323671
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2017.1323671
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:65:y:2017:i:2:p:169-188




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Deirdre Nansen McCloskey
Author-X-Name-First: Deirdre Nansen
Author-X-Name-Last: McCloskey
Title: Neo-institutionalism is not yet a scientific success: a reply to Barry Weingast
Abstract: 
 Barry Weingast agrees that the idea of liberalism was crucial for the making of the modern world, though in most of his comment he turns to his own writings making institutional change the crux. Yet institutions in Britain did not in fact change much, the changes had little economic oomph, and underlying property rights were good in numerous economies worldwide since ancient times. An ideational economic history works better: liberty caused our riches.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 116-123
Issue: 2
Volume: 65
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2017.1324519
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2017.1324519
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:65:y:2017:i:2:p:116-123




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Erik Ringmar
Author-X-Name-First: Erik
Author-X-Name-Last: Ringmar
Title: Comments on McCloskey and Weingast
Abstract: 
 Economic growth is an aspect of social change which cannot be explained by economic theory alone. McCloskey invokes ‘ideas’ but ideas only matter as embodied in institutions. Weingast makes this points but his institutions are too economistic. Only institutionalised self-emergence can explain massive, relentless and automatic change.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 124-126
Issue: 2
Volume: 65
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2017.1324520
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2017.1324520
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:65:y:2017:i:2:p:124-126




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Economy, Business and Environment in History
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 221-221
Issue: 2
Volume: 65
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2017.1325087
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2017.1325087
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:65:y:2017:i:2:p:221-221




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jari Ojala
Author-X-Name-First: Jari
Author-X-Name-Last: Ojala
Title: Editor’s note
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 113-115
Issue: 2
Volume: 65
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2017.1325088
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2017.1325088
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gjermund Forfang Rongved
Author-X-Name-First: Gjermund Forfang
Author-X-Name-Last: Rongved
Title: Riksrevisjonens historie 1816–2016
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 116-118
Issue: 1
Volume: 66
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2017.1287125
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2017.1287125
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:66:y:2018:i:1:p:116-118




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mogens Rüdiger
Author-X-Name-First: Mogens
Author-X-Name-Last: Rüdiger
Title: Interessekonflikter i norsk handelspolitikk
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 118-119
Issue: 1
Volume: 66
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2017.1296020
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2017.1296020
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:66:y:2018:i:1:p:118-119




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Glen O'Hara
Author-X-Name-First: Glen
Author-X-Name-Last: O'Hara
Title: Finnish water services: experiences in global perspectives
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 119-121
Issue: 1
Volume: 66
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2017.1320304
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2017.1320304
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:66:y:2018:i:1:p:119-121




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Karlo Kauko
Author-X-Name-First: Karlo
Author-X-Name-Last: Kauko
Title: Did taxes, decrees or credibility drive money? Early nineteenth century Finland from a chartalist perspective
Abstract: 
 Chartalist theories assume the government determines the currency used by the public. Finland’s experience following the Russo-Swedish war in 1808–1809 would seem to contradict the chartalist view. Having become a Grand Duchy under Russia, the Finnish Government sought to replace Swedish riksdalers in circulation with roubles. However, due to a resilient trade surplus with Sweden and the resulting flood of Swedish money into Finland, bans on the riksdaler were largely ineffective. Taxation proved a particularly clumsy tool for leveraging the switch to roubles. Taxpayers almost forced the government to accept payments in a foreign currency. Even the government had to use Swedish money. Issuing roubles was of limited use. As a result, the rouble failed to establish itself as Finland’s main currency until the introduction of a silver standard in 1840–1842.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 73-90
Issue: 1
Volume: 66
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2017.1375427
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2017.1375427
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:66:y:2018:i:1:p:73-90




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Johan Svanberg
Author-X-Name-First: Johan
Author-X-Name-Last: Svanberg
Title: Migration at the multi-level intersection of industrial relations: the Schleswig-Holstein Campaign and the Swedish garment industry in the early 1950s
Abstract: 
 This article deals with the so-called Schleswig-Holstein campaign, whereby about 800 – mostly female – young Germans arrived in Sweden in 1950–1951. The campaign was a German initiative, emphasising vocational training for young and unemployed refugees and expellees, even though it ended up in a more pragmatic labour recruitment. Firstly, the article investigates the international relationship between West German and Swedish labour-market authorities, and secondly, it concentrates on industrial relations in the Swedish garment industry. Thirdly, on local level it focuses on the streamlined clothing factory Algots in Borås. Thereby, the article deals with the mutual interplay between migration and industrial relations. It clarifies how industrial relations on different levels of society intersected and reciprocally moulded a framework for the actors involved in the migration process. Contrariwise, the article illuminates how the campaign affected the industrial relations. It also observes to what extent perceptions of gender, age, ethnicity, and class among the actors involved influenced their argumentation and agency.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 54-72
Issue: 1
Volume: 66
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2017.1387171
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2017.1387171
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:66:y:2018:i:1:p:54-72




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Magnus Lindmark
Author-X-Name-First: Magnus
Author-X-Name-Last: Lindmark
Author-Name: Fredrik Olsson Spjut
Author-X-Name-First: Fredrik
Author-X-Name-Last: Olsson Spjut
Title: From organic to fossil and in-between: new estimates of energy consumption in the Swedish manufacturing industry during 1800–1913
Abstract: 
 In this article, new estimates of energy consumption in the Swedish manufacturing industry during 1800–1913 are used for interpreting the Swedish industrialisation process from an energy economic perspective. For one we conclude that the revision of previous estimates is substantial when it comes to manufacturing. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the increase of coal consumption, the expansion of the fossil or mineral energy system, to a high degree can be explained by the increased use of steam engines in manufacturing and the transport sector. Finally, we conclude that overall energy intensity patterns is largely determined by assumptions on household firewood consumption. A narrative interpretation of the interplay between energy system transformation and the industrialisation in Sweden concludes the article.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 18-33
Issue: 1
Volume: 66
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2017.1401554
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2017.1401554
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:66:y:2018:i:1:p:18-33




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Svante Prado
Author-X-Name-First: Svante
Author-X-Name-Last: Prado
Author-Name: Joacim Waara
Author-X-Name-First: Joacim
Author-X-Name-Last: Waara
Title: Missed the starting gun! Wage compression and the rise of the Swedish model in the labour market
Abstract: 
 A central aspect of the Swedish model was the labour market, distinguished by an egalitarian wage structure and by the particular configuration of two institutions: a centralised wage bargaining that followed upon the Saltsjöbad Agreement in 1938 and the solidaristic wage policy implemented in 1956. The literature argues that these institutions produced an outstanding compression of the wage structure from the late 1960s onwards. In contrast, we argue that this narrow post–World War II focus overlooks the historical dimension of the wage structure. The evidence presented here shows that a compression of the wage structure occurred in the late 1930s and 1940s. Previous research attributes this early episode of compression to market factors. In public investigations and periodicals of the 1940s, however, contemporary observers reckoned that special agreements between SAF and LO during World War II caused wage convergence. These agreements anticipated the solidaristic wage policy of the 1950s. We subject the market-factor view to a statistical test and show its explanatory insufficiency. We thereby corroborate the contemporaries’ view and conclude that the coexistence of the centralised agreements, the solidaristic wage policy, and wage convergence configured the rise of the Swedish model during World War II.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 34-53
Issue: 1
Volume: 66
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2017.1405275
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2017.1405275
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:66:y:2018:i:1:p:34-53




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Niels Viggo Haueter
Author-X-Name-First: Niels Viggo
Author-X-Name-Last: Haueter
Title: Tiden går: Gjensidige i 200 år [Time passes: 200 years of Gjensidige]
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 121-122
Issue: 1
Volume: 66
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2017.1411291
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2017.1411291
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:66:y:2018:i:1:p:121-122




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kristina Lilja
Author-X-Name-First: Kristina
Author-X-Name-Last: Lilja
Title: Widows in European economy and society, 1600–1920
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 123-124
Issue: 1
Volume: 66
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2017.1417157
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2017.1417157
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:66:y:2018:i:1:p:123-124




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jakob Molinder
Author-X-Name-First: Jakob
Author-X-Name-Last: Molinder
Title: Why did Swedish regional net migration rates fall in the 1970s? The role of policy changes versus structural change, 1945–1985
Abstract: 
 The relationship between local labour market conditions and regional migration has been widely discussed within research. In Sweden, where interregional migration reached a peak in the 1960s but decreased substantially in the 1970s, the role of economic policy has been especially contended in light of the Swedish model and its official stress on regional mobility. By collecting and creating a new and unique dataset on net-migration, vacancy rates, employment and labour income by county, the pattern of interregional migration in Sweden is analysed over a period of time that also covers the early postwar period (1945–1985), allowing for a detailed evaluation of the drivers of migration at different times. My results suggest that there was no significant change over time in the responsiveness of migration to local labour market conditions. The changing patterns of regional migration were therefore more likely the result of changes in the pace and direction of structural change. I discuss the implications of these results for previous accounts of the Swedish model and of the decline in migration after 1970.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 91-115
Issue: 1
Volume: 66
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2018.1433228
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2018.1433228
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:66:y:2018:i:1:p:91-115




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Espen Ekberg
Author-X-Name-First: Espen
Author-X-Name-Last: Ekberg
Author-Name: Martin Jes Iversen
Author-X-Name-First: Martin Jes
Author-X-Name-Last: Iversen
Title: Time for a Nordic business history initiative?
Abstract: 
 The current state of Nordic business history is by certain estimates better than ever. Nordic business historians publish extensively in leading international journals and have a strong presence at international business history conferences. Still, in this discussion article we raise a yellow flag of warning for the future of Nordic business history. We argue that the subject field is challenged along three important dimensions: (i) lack of relevant teaching, (ii) continued reliance on commissioned history and (iii) limited recruitment. The article discusses these challenges and seeks to place them in a historical perspective. For each challenge, we develop a set of concrete proposals to address the problems identified. A common theme in our proposed solutions is to intensify Nordic collaboration, particularly through the establishment of common, externally funded Nordic research projects. To create meeting grounds for the development of such projects, The Scandinavian Society for Economic and Social History – the formal collaborative body for Nordic economic historians and the owner of Scandinavian Economic History Review – should be reinvigorated.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 9-17
Issue: 1
Volume: 66
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2018.1434559
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2018.1434559
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:66:y:2018:i:1:p:9-17




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jari Ojala
Author-X-Name-First: Jari
Author-X-Name-Last: Ojala
Author-Name: Tiina Hemminki
Author-X-Name-First: Tiina
Author-X-Name-Last: Hemminki
Author-Name: Pasi Nevalainen
Author-X-Name-First: Pasi
Author-X-Name-Last: Nevalainen
Title: Dissertations in economic and business history in Nordic countries in 2016
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 1-8
Issue: 1
Volume: 66
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2018.1437681
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2018.1437681
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:66:y:2018:i:1:p:1-8




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen
Author-X-Name-First: Carsten Porskrog
Author-X-Name-Last: Rasmussen
Title: Manors and states: the distribution and structure of private manors in early modern Scandinavia and their relation to state policies
Abstract: 
 This article explores the development of private manors in Scandinavia between the reformation and the eve of the great agrarian reforms in Denmark ca. 1770 and their relation to state policies. It compares Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Skåne and Schleswig-Holstein. Firstly, it analyses the amount of land held by private landlords and the internal structure of the landholding class. It shows that it changed considerably over time, but in very different ways in the different territories. This is explained by the interaction of the nobility or landholding classes with the state power. Secondly, the article looks at the economic and spatial structure of manors with specific attention to the degree of demesne farming based upon corvee. It is discussed to which degree these manors came to follow the path of Gutsherrschaft or demesne lordship associated with the lands south of the Baltic. Demesnes of Scandinavia were erected and enlarged out of a mixture of agricultural economic considerations, tax evasion and status needs. Also this differed with territory. Part of the explanation is a different structure of the nobility emerging from massive ennoblements in Sweden, but also in other direct or indirect ways the state furthered, hindered or checked the development.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 201-218
Issue: 2
Volume: 66
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2018.1453373
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2018.1453373
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:66:y:2018:i:2:p:201-218




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Espen Ekberg
Author-X-Name-First: Espen
Author-X-Name-Last: Ekberg
Author-Name: Kristoffer Jensen
Author-X-Name-First: Kristoffer
Author-X-Name-Last: Jensen
Title: The non-globalisation of modern food retailing: the case of the failed Coop Norden merger
Abstract: 
 By discussing the creation and subsequent failure of Coop Norden, set up by the Scandinavian consumer co-operatives in 2002 as a common wholesale and food retail enterprise, this article provides insights into the nature of the Scandinavian food retail sector and co-operative enterprises in an era of globalisation. The article combines recent research on the globalisation of retailing with the academic literature on the economic position and development of consumer co-operative enterprises. The article concludes that the failure of Coop Norden can be seen as the natural consequence of two inherent problems: 1. A flawed vision among co-operative managers on how globalisation would impact retailing and 2. A misalignment between Danish, Norwegian and Swedish co-operative agendas. The article is based on comprehensive studies of the internal co-operative archives in Denmark and Norway.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 170-185
Issue: 2
Volume: 66
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2018.1454340
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2018.1454340
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:66:y:2018:i:2:p:170-185




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lars Fredrik Andersson
Author-X-Name-First: Lars Fredrik
Author-X-Name-Last: Andersson
Title: Storebrands og forsikringsbransjens historie, 1767–2017 (Vols. 1 &amp; 2) [Storebrand and the insurance industry, 1767–2017]
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 219-220
Issue: 2
Volume: 66
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2018.1457567
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2018.1457567
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:66:y:2018:i:2:p:219-220




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: The quest for competitive markets: exploring competition and collusion in theory and practice in historical perspective
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 221-222
Issue: 2
Volume: 66
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2018.1458482
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2018.1458482
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:66:y:2018:i:2:p:221-222




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thomas Victor Conti
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas Victor
Author-X-Name-Last: Conti
Title: Mercantilism: a materialist approach
Abstract: 
 Historians and economists have shown renewed interest in mercantilism over the last couple of years. From this interest, a dispute has arisen about whether mercantilism should be seen as an incoherent economic thought or if it is possible to ‘reconstruct’ its basic principles. In line with this latter attempt, this paper is intended to provide a materialist explanation for varying degrees of belief in shared mercantilist assumptions. My hypothesis is that belief in mercantilist assumptions is significantly dependent upon how economic and security issues materially interact in a given time and space, with uncertainty and insecurity profoundly favouring mercantilist dispositions in economic thought. To analyse this hypothesis, the paper sets the first steps for relating the credibility of mercantilism with changes in British economic and military history from the sixteenth to the nineteenth century. Section 3 presents ideas to further investigate this hypothesis. Section 4 concludes the paper.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 186-200
Issue: 2
Volume: 66
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2018.1465847
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2018.1465847
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:66:y:2018:i:2:p:186-200




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Johanna Wassholm
Author-X-Name-First: Johanna
Author-X-Name-Last: Wassholm
Author-Name: Anna Sundelin
Author-X-Name-First: Anna
Author-X-Name-Last: Sundelin
Title: Emotions, trading practices and communication in transnational itinerant trade: encounters between ‘Rucksack Russians’ and their customers in the late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Finland
Abstract: 
 This article examines relations between ‘Rucksack Russians’, itinerant traders from Russian Karelia, and their local customers in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century rural Finland. Finland was a part of the Russian Empire, but, according to Finnish law, itinerant trade was illegal for people without citizenship rights in the Grand Duchy. The trade was, thus, illicit, although often seen through the fingers. We study trader–customer relations through emotions, trading practices and communication, with a special focus on the consumption of women. We argue that analysing the relations from these perspectives deepens the understanding of the functions of itinerant trade for the shaping of a consumer society. For access to a consumer perspective, we use ethnographic questionnaires, a source type that historians have acknowledged only in recent decades. The questionnaires complement and nuance the predominantly negative attitudes towards itinerant trade conveyed in the newspapers, which mainly represent the viewpoints of the authorities and local merchants. Through the theoretical perspectives and through shifting focus from the consumption of the elite to that of that of the lower strata of society, the article offers a fresh take on such aspects of trader–consumer relations that previous historical research on itinerant trade has overlooked.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 132-152
Issue: 2
Volume: 66
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2018.1466725
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2018.1466725
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:66:y:2018:i:2:p:132-152




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Klara Arnberg
Author-X-Name-First: Klara
Author-X-Name-Last: Arnberg
Title: Beyond Mrs consumer: competing femininities in Swedish advertising trade publications, 1900–1939
Abstract: 
 This article follows the discussion on female consumers in Swedish advertising journals and handbooks. The aim is to problematise the gendered aspects of Swedish consumer and early advertising history, by studying how the notion of the female consumer intersected with notions of social class, marital status and sexuality. The article also closes in on the persons who were invited to embody the consuming women and what kind of interests they represented. The article concludes that, from the start of the twentieth century, gender and class was prevalent in the advertising literature. The married woman was also from the start seen as the head of the consuming family. Therefore, reaching her through advertising became key for facilitating the relations between producer and consumer. With time, different women’s organisations, the weekly press, and new theories of advertising from the US addressing the notion of ‘Mrs Consumer’ came to influence the Swedish advertising trade press. The result became the favouring of a certain kind of middle class, urban and rational kind of femininity, strongly connected to homemaking and women’s roles in purchasing for the family. However, this femininity also paralleled notions of ‘the flapper’ and the professional woman.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 153-169
Issue: 2
Volume: 66
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2018.1467340
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2018.1467340
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:66:y:2018:i:2:p:153-169




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tristan Jacques
Author-X-Name-First: Tristan
Author-X-Name-Last: Jacques
Author-Name: Fredrik Sandgren
Author-X-Name-First: Fredrik
Author-X-Name-Last: Sandgren
Title: Retail Trade, Consumption, and the Construction of Markets
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 127-131
Issue: 2
Volume: 66
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2018.1467839
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2018.1467839
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:66:y:2018:i:2:p:127-131




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul Sharp
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Sharp
Title: Editorial
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 125-126
Issue: 2
Volume: 66
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2018.1479231
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2018.1479231
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:66:y:2018:i:2:p:125-126




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paolo Di Martino
Author-X-Name-First: Paolo
Author-X-Name-Last: Di Martino
Author-Name: Emanuele Felice
Author-X-Name-First: Emanuele
Author-X-Name-Last: Felice
Author-Name: Michelangelo Vasta
Author-X-Name-First: Michelangelo
Author-X-Name-Last: Vasta
Title: A tale of two Italies: ‘access-orders’ and the Italian regional divide
Abstract: 
 This paper uses the ‘access orders’ paradigm developed by North, Wallis, and Weingast [(2009). Violence and social order: A conceptual framework for interpreting recorded human history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press] to analyse the case of the Italian North–South economic divide. In line with their framework, we collect and discuss several social and political indicators over the long-run, at the regional level. Firstly we looked at data on the pre-conditions for the establishment of an open-access order, such as murders per capita (a proxy for control over violence), voting turnout and referendums participation (proxies for political legitimacy), and the impersonality of exchange. We then showed evidence of different access orders in the North and in the South, using the information on human capital formation, women participation in the labour market, and referendum results. On the basis of this evidence, we argue that, despite being part of the same State and subject to the same formal institutions, the North of the country progressively developed into an open-access order, while the South remained a form of limited access order.Institutional differences are linked to specific aspects of the economic performance of the two areas, thus the ‘access order’ paradigm appears to be an effective conceptual scheme to explain the North–South economic divide.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 1-22
Issue: 1
Volume: 68
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2019.1631882
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2019.1631882
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:68:y:2020:i:1:p:1-22




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jakob Molinder
Author-X-Name-First: Jakob
Author-X-Name-Last: Molinder
Author-Name: Martin Söderhäll
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Söderhäll
Title: Did industrialisation lead to segregation in cities of the nineteenth century? The case of Uppsala 1880–1900
Abstract: 
 How did industrialisation affect land use and residential patterns in cities of the nineteenth century? We use census data and GIS mapping techniques to analyse class segregation and changes to the spatial structure using the case of Uppsala, Sweden between 1880 and 1900. We find that there was a clear concentration of business activity in the central district and in proximity to the transportation hubs. Since these activities became more numerous but remained concentrated, they likely increased land values in the central areas of the city, inducing the lowest social classes to locate away from the centre. However, while these households were pushed out, it did not result in the type of class segregation we observe in many twentieth-century cities. Before the widespread use of transport technologies allowing populations to sprawl, city expansion in the type of middle-sized city that we study led instead to increased density and mixed uses in the central areas.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 23-44
Issue: 1
Volume: 68
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2019.1640787
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2019.1640787
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:68:y:2020:i:1:p:23-44




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David E. Andersson
Author-X-Name-First: David E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Andersson
Author-Name: Matti La Mela
Author-X-Name-First: Matti
Author-X-Name-Last: La Mela
Title: Nordic networks: patent agents and the business of technology intermediation in Sweden and Finland, 1860–1910
Abstract: 
 The article analyses Swedish and Finnish patent agents and their businesses at the turn of the twentieth century. Due to legal requirements, all foreign patent applications had to pass through the hands of patent agents. Despite the central role, this transnational business of technology intermediation has received only limited attention in the scholarship. The article studies the business relationships between the patent agents and their clients, and employs new datasets, which include information about all foreign patentees using a patent agent in 1860–1910. The main findings are that the transnational business relationships affected the specialisation of national patent agents, especially in Finland, where patent agents with a legal background contributed to the inflow of inventions managed by Swedish patent agents. Patent agent services also represented significant indirect costs of the patent systems for their foreign clients.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 45-65
Issue: 1
Volume: 68
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2019.1667425
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2019.1667425
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:68:y:2020:i:1:p:45-65




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Vincent Geloso
Author-X-Name-First: Vincent
Author-X-Name-Last: Geloso
Title: Collusion and combines in Canada, 1880–1890
Abstract: 
 It is a little-known fact that Canada adopted its own antitrust law one year before the landmark Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890. The Anti-Combines Act of 1889 (‘the Act’) was adopted after a decade in which ‘combines’ (the Canadian equivalent of ‘trusts’) had grown more numerous. From the combines’ numbers, Canadian historians, legal scholars, and economists have inferred that consumer welfare was hindered. However, price and output evidence has never been marshalled to provide even a first step towards assessing the veracity of this inference. This paper undertakes that task. I highlight the fact that the output from industries accused of collusion increased faster than national output in the decade before the passage of the Act and that their prices accordingly fell faster than the national price index. I argue that these findings militate for the position that the origins of Canada's Anti-Combines Act were partially rooted in rent-seeking processes similar to those that American scholars have found driving the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 66-84
Issue: 1
Volume: 68
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2019.1679246
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2019.1679246
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:68:y:2020:i:1:p:66-84




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Amy Froide
Author-X-Name-First: Amy
Author-X-Name-Last: Froide
Title: Women in business families: from past to present
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 85-87
Issue: 1
Volume: 68
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2019.1649187
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2019.1649187
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:68:y:2020:i:1:p:85-87




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Petri Paju
Author-X-Name-First: Petri
Author-X-Name-Last: Paju
Title: The Peregrine Profession. Transnational mobility of Nordic engineers and architects, 1880–1930
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 87-89
Issue: 1
Volume: 68
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2020.1714715
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2020.1714715
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:68:y:2020:i:1:p:87-89




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Correction
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: (i)-(i)
Issue: 1
Volume: 68
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2019.1699297
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2019.1699297
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:68:y:2020:i:1:p:(i)-(i)




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Erik Bengtsson
Author-X-Name-First: Erik
Author-X-Name-Last: Bengtsson
Author-Name: Svante Prado
Author-X-Name-First: Svante
Author-X-Name-Last: Prado
Title: The rise of the middle class: the income gap between salaried employees and workers in Sweden, ca. 1830–1940
Abstract: 
 We present the first comprehensive, long run salary information on Swedish middle-class employees before the twentieth century. Our data include, for instance, school teachers, professors, clerks, policemen and janitors in Stockholm and Sweden, ca. 1830–1940. We use the new data to compare the annual earnings of these middle-class employees with the annual earnings of farm workers, unskilled construction workers and manufacturing workers. The results show that the income gap between the middle class and the working class widen drastically from the mid-nineteenth century to a historically high level during the 1880s and 1890s. The differentials then decreased during the first four decades of the twentieth century. The bulging earnings advantage of middle-class employees vis-à-vis unskilled workers chimes with Kocka’s depiction of the latter half of the nineteenth century as the era of the bourgeoisie.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 91-111
Issue: 2
Volume: 68
Year: 2020
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2019.1650293
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2019.1650293
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:68:y:2020:i:2:p:91-111




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kathryn E. Gary
Author-X-Name-First: Kathryn E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Gary
Author-Name: Mats Olsson
Author-X-Name-First: Mats
Author-X-Name-Last: Olsson
Title: Men at work. Wages and industriousness in southern Sweden 1500–1850
Abstract: 
 In his classic works on the industrious revolution, Jan de Vries argues that demand for new consumer goods trigged eighteenth century Europeans to work more. This implies that industrious behaviour and new consumption patterns were two parallel and interdependent processes that preceded the industrial revolution. However, there is an alternative explanation for any increase in labour output on household level, namely that the labourers were forced to work more to meet ends. An indication of this could be that day labourers’ relative wages decreased over time. In this article, we investigate this by studying wages from annual and casual labour in southern Sweden and compare their levels with consumption baskets.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 112-128
Issue: 2
Volume: 68
Year: 2020
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2019.1704859
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2019.1704859
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:68:y:2020:i:2:p:112-128




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ola Honningdal Grytten
Author-X-Name-First: Ola Honningdal
Author-X-Name-Last: Grytten
Title: Revising price history: consumer price index for Norway 1492–2018
Abstract: 
 The paper presents a new combined annual cost of living and consumer price index for Norway covering 1492–2018, indicating that Norwegian price history has to be revised. The new historical price index is constructed on a significantly richer data material, which also makes it cover a longer period of price history than the existing one. This is made possible by the compilation of quantitative data from numerous sources, mostly originating from the eighteenth, nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, with grain prices stretching back to 1492. The new combined cost of living and consumer price index is constructed by a Laspeyres approach with shifting baskets for commodities and expenditure groups.The index makes it possible to follow annual inflation and deflation in Norway for a period of 526 years. When comparing to existing indices, the new series reveals that revisions are needed in Norwegian price history. These make the historical price development more in line with those of the neighbouring countries and more in line with the pattern of wholesale prices.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 129-144
Issue: 2
Volume: 68
Year: 2020
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2020.1714714
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2020.1714714
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:68:y:2020:i:2:p:129-144




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sakari Heikkinen
Author-X-Name-First: Sakari
Author-X-Name-Last: Heikkinen
Author-Name: Christer Lundh
Author-X-Name-First: Christer
Author-X-Name-Last: Lundh
Title: Sticky Swedes and flexible Finns: manufacturing labour markets in Finland and Sweden during the Great Depression
Abstract: 
 Nominal wage stickiness is a popular explanation for the greatness of the Great Depression. According to the sticky-wage explanation, the slow adjustment of nominal wages raised real wages above the market-clearing level, causing a reduction of output and labour, thus increasing unemployment. Explanations for nominal wage stickiness are usually sought within the labour-market institutions and their changes after the First World War. This paper examines the role of labour-market institutions by comparing manufacturing labour markets in Finland and Sweden. These two countries had quite similar economic structures, trade patterns, and exchange rate policies, but different systems of industrial relations. Results indicate that stronger trade unions and collective bargaining made nominal wages stickier in Sweden, while in Finland, where collective agreements did not exist, unions were weaker, and wage adjustment was more flexible. As a result, real product wages rose in Sweden but fell in Finland. This created in Sweden stronger pressure for reducing labour input than in Finland. Our results show on one hand that labour market institutions clearly influenced the course of the Great Depression, but on the other hand that they alone do not explain the different economic outcomes during the depression and the recovery.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 145-169
Issue: 2
Volume: 68
Year: 2020
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2020.1716059
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2020.1716059
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:68:y:2020:i:2:p:145-169




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Magnus Henrekson
Author-X-Name-First: Magnus
Author-X-Name-Last: Henrekson
Author-Name: Dan Johansson
Author-X-Name-First: Dan
Author-X-Name-Last: Johansson
Author-Name: Mikael Stenkula
Author-X-Name-First: Mikael
Author-X-Name-Last: Stenkula
Title: The rise and decline of industrial foundations as controlling owners of Swedish listed firms: the role of tax incentives
Abstract: 
 Beginning in the interwar period, industrial foundations became a vehicle for corporate control of large listed firms in Sweden. In the 1990s they were replaced by wealthy individuals who either directly own controlling blocks or who own them through holding companies. We study potential explanations for this change and propose two tax-related candidates: shifts in the relative effective taxation across owner types and the dismantling of inheritance taxation that prevented the generational transfer of the ownership of large controlling blocks. We exploit newly computed marginal effective capital income tax rates across capital owners, accounting for all relevant factors, including rules governing tax exemptions. We show that the 1990–91 tax reform, abolition of the wealth tax for controlling owners in 1997, 2003 tax exemption of dividends and capital gains on listed stock for holding companies with a voting or equity share of at least 10 percent, and abolition of the inheritance and gift taxes in 2004 reversed the rules of the game. Recently, control has largely been wielded through direct ownership, and the role of foundations is rapidly declining. These findings point to the importance of tax incentives for the use of foundations as the control vehicle of listed firms.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 170-191
Issue: 2
Volume: 68
Year: 2020
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2020.1730234
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2020.1730234
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:68:y:2020:i:2:p:170-191




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Svante Prado
Author-X-Name-First: Svante
Author-X-Name-Last: Prado
Title: Nasjonens velstand. Norges økonomiske historie 1800-1940
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 192-193
Issue: 2
Volume: 68
Year: 2020
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2020.1735505
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2020.1735505
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:68:y:2020:i:2:p:192-193




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Manish Kumar
Author-X-Name-First: Manish
Author-X-Name-Last: Kumar
Title: A method for estimating the volume of Baltic timber products exported through the Sound and its application to Portugal, 1669–1815
Abstract: 
 In this paper, I propose a method for estimating the volume of Baltic timber products exported through the Danish Sound, the strait separating the North Sea from the Baltic, during the early modern period. This method is based on the toll levied on the ships passing through the Sound. The main source used in this study is Sound Toll Registers Online. With the expansion of long-distance maritime trade during the early modern period, the Baltic played an important role by supplying naval stores (timber, pitch, tar, etc.) to the Western and Southern European nations. Until now exports of Baltic timber products have been analysed in terms of either the number of pieces or their weight. Both these approaches fail to shed light on the size (width, thickness, length) of timber products. On the other hand, the estimates presented in this article provide a clear picture about the size, hence the volume of the various timber products.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 246-263
Issue: 3
Volume: 66
Year: 2018
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2018.1452789
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2018.1452789
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:66:y:2018:i:3:p:246-263




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hannes Vinnal
Author-X-Name-First: Hannes
Author-X-Name-Last: Vinnal
Title: Cost–distance ratio in change: transmission rates of commercial correspondence in the North and Baltic Sea region, 1732–1808
Abstract: 
 Postage accounts kept by merchants active in North and Baltic Sea trade are used to track the development of transmitting costs of remote information. As a long-run aggregated trend in terms of the real price, the postage stayed approximately at the same level until 1770s and decreased substantially thereafter. War factor proved to have had a variable influence. Increased demand on information exchange, driven by booming trade in this period, arguably promoted lower-cost transmission. The present paper also reveals that, over time, international postage was increasingly a function of geographical distance and, due to the changes in means of transmission and also due to the specific tariff policy of national Posts, there was significant cost–space convergence regarding domestic transmission while the same trend was much less dominant at an international level.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 264-281
Issue: 3
Volume: 66
Year: 2018
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2018.1457979
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2018.1457979
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:66:y:2018:i:3:p:264-281




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Niklas Jensen-Eriksen
Author-X-Name-First: Niklas
Author-X-Name-Last: Jensen-Eriksen
Title: Suomen rahoitusmarkkinoiden murros 1980-luvulla: Oikeushistoriallinen tutkimus [The transformation of the Finnish financial markets in the 1980s: a study of legal history]
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 317-318
Issue: 3
Volume: 66
Year: 2018
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2018.1476258
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2018.1476258
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:66:y:2018:i:3:p:317-318




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Niklas Jensen-Eriksen
Author-X-Name-First: Niklas
Author-X-Name-Last: Jensen-Eriksen
Title: Familjedynastier: så blev Sverige rikt
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 318-320
Issue: 3
Volume: 66
Year: 2018
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2018.1476259
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2018.1476259
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:66:y:2018:i:3:p:318-320




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Harold James
Author-X-Name-First: Harold
Author-X-Name-Last: James
Title: A monetary history of Norway, 1816–2016
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 320-321
Issue: 3
Volume: 66
Year: 2018
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2018.1479299
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2018.1479299
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:66:y:2018:i:3:p:320-321




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Olle Jansson
Author-X-Name-First: Olle
Author-X-Name-Last: Jansson
Title: Migrationens kontraster [Contrasts of Migration]
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 321-323
Issue: 3
Volume: 66
Year: 2018
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2018.1490924
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2018.1490924
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:66:y:2018:i:3:p:321-323




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Henric Häggqvist
Author-X-Name-First: Henric
Author-X-Name-Last: Häggqvist
Title: Foreign trade as fiscal policy: tariff setting and customs revenue in Sweden, 1830–1913
Abstract: 
 Two of the most defining trends of the nineteenth century were the growth of international trade and the increased role of government activities in the economy. In the conjuncture between these developments lie taxes on foreign trade. Sweden was one of the examples where customs revenue became the single most important source of revenue before WWI. This article sets out to test how this source of revenue could increase as much as it did. The analysis focuses mainly on trade policy and how tariffs were set and how that affected revenue. The results show that Swedish liberalisation of trade forced a switch in the fiscal structure of tariffs, moving revenue to fewer commodities. Increased importance was given to consumption goods with lower elasticity of demand. Trade continued to increase under fiscal taxation, which led to increases in revenue. During the early period increased revenue was achieved with higher tariffs on a few key commodities. Towards the end of the century tariffs on agricultural and capital goods became more fiscally relevant, which could have clashed with protectionist intentions. The article highlights that more work is needed on this fiscal component of trade policy.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 298-316
Issue: 3
Volume: 66
Year: 2018
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2018.1511468
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2018.1511468
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:66:y:2018:i:3:p:298-316




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rodney Edvinsson
Author-X-Name-First: Rodney
Author-X-Name-Last: Edvinsson
Author-Name: Christoffer Tarek Gad
Author-X-Name-First: Christoffer Tarek
Author-X-Name-Last: Gad
Title: Assessing trade in the mercantilist era: evidence from a new database on foreign trade of Sweden – Finland, 1738–1805
Abstract: 
 This paper presents a newly constructed database on foreign trade of Sweden–Finland 1738–1805, consisting of all exports and imports that were recorded by the custom houses in this period, and is made available at www.historia.se/Swedish foreign trade 1738_1805.xlsx. The traditional view as presented by Eli Heckscher, who was very critical of the mercantilist policies of the time, was that the overseas trade of Sweden-Finland saw a trend of secular stagnation during the course of the eighteenth century. By contrast, we show that in conjunction with a substantial expansion of the population, total trade nearly increased twofold during the period of study. Despite that, there was a small decrease in the value of exports in relation to GDP, mostly explained by a drop in the relative price of bar iron. The degree of specialisation of Swedish exports saw a declining tendency in this period. While exports from Sweden had a higher degree of specialisation than Finnish exports, imported goods to Finland were more concentrated than Swedish imports. Lastly, the composition of imports did not markedly alter, meaning that a consumer revolution did not take place in either Sweden or Finland.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 226-245
Issue: 3
Volume: 66
Year: 2018
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2018.1516234
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2018.1516234
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:66:y:2018:i:3:p:226-245




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tim Leunig
Author-X-Name-First: Tim
Author-X-Name-Last: Leunig
Author-Name: Jelle van Lottum
Author-X-Name-First: Jelle
Author-X-Name-Last: van Lottum
Author-Name: Bo Poulsen
Author-X-Name-First: Bo
Author-X-Name-Last: Poulsen
Title: Surprisingly gentle confinement: British treatment of Danish and Norwegian prisoners of war during the napoleonic wars
Abstract: 
 The Napoleonic Wars saw the British capture and incarcerate thousands of sailors in disused Royal Navy ships, the so-called prison hulks. Many Danes and Norwegians – navy personnel, privateers and merchant sailors – were thus interred. This article uses a new data source, the official record books kept in the National Archive at Kew, to test whether the prison hulks were as bad as popular perception might suggest. In doing so, we provide the first rigorous quantitative assessment of the Danish and Norwegian sailors’ prisoner experience. We find that death rates were surprisingly low, suggesting the quantity and quality of food and medical care was reasonable. Prison hulks were not ‘floating tombs’. The records also show which prisoners were released and exchanged, and when. Officers did well, reflecting the age old system of a gentleman’s honour. Privateers did worse than merchant sailors: those who took up arms were likely to serve longer as prisoners.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 282-297
Issue: 3
Volume: 66
Year: 2018
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2018.1516235
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2018.1516235
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:66:y:2018:i:3:p:282-297




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gregory Ferguson-Cradler
Author-X-Name-First: Gregory
Author-X-Name-Last: Ferguson-Cradler
Title: Fish, coast and communities: a history of Norway
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 323-325
Issue: 3
Volume: 66
Year: 2018
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2018.1526708
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2018.1526708
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:66:y:2018:i:3:p:323-325




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Camilla Brautaset
Author-X-Name-First: Camilla
Author-X-Name-Last: Brautaset
Author-Name: Jari Ojala
Author-X-Name-First: Jari
Author-X-Name-Last: Ojala
Title: Research on international trade and transport – a generational shift?
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 223-225
Issue: 3
Volume: 66
Year: 2018
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2018.1536344
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2018.1536344
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:66:y:2018:i:3:p:223-225




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cristián Ducoing
Author-X-Name-First: Cristián
Author-X-Name-Last: Ducoing
Author-Name: Ben Gales
Author-X-Name-First: Ben
Author-X-Name-Last: Gales
Author-Name: Rick Hölsgens
Author-X-Name-First: Rick
Author-X-Name-Last: Hölsgens
Author-Name: María del Mar Rubio-Varas
Author-X-Name-First: María del Mar
Author-X-Name-Last: Rubio-Varas
Title: Energy and machines. Energy capital ratios in Europe and Latin America. 1875–1970
Abstract: 
 The relationship between energy and capital is one of the most important aspects of modern economic growth. Machines need energy to produce all the goods we enjoy; energy would be far less useful for humankind in absence of machines. However, the great majority of the economic models do not take into account the elasticities of substitution (or complementaries) between these two main variables. Actually, energy is absent in many growth models and discussions on diverging economic development paths. We approach this relevant issue from a new perspective: energy and capital relations during 100 years. We use the latest estimations of capital stock (machinery and equipment) and energy consumption for Latin America and compare them with those of Western Europe. The energy–capital ratio (how much energy is used per unit of capital) could be a predictor of economic growth, thus providing stylised facts about the timing and causes of the different modernisation patterns of these regions and showing us some answers on the long-run relationship between energy consumption and capital accumulation.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 31-46
Issue: 1
Volume: 67
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2018.1503968
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2018.1503968
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:67:y:2019:i:1:p:31-46




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sandra Hellstrand
Author-X-Name-First: Sandra
Author-X-Name-Last: Hellstrand
Title: Perceptions of the economics of apprenticeship in Sweden c. 1900
Abstract: 
 At the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century, apprentice training was frequently debated in Sweden, just as in many other parts of Europe. This study analyses the economic perceptions of apprenticeship in the Swedish debate. Economic theories of apprenticeship, from Becker’s human capital concept to institutional theories, are used as a point of comparison. How the contemporary actors understood the economics of apprenticeship helps us understand the conditions of Swedish post-guild apprenticeship. The analysis reveals similarities between the contemporary description and the economic theories of on-the-job training, as well as historically specific aspects of the perceptions of the economics of apprenticeship. Both in the economic theories and in the turn-of-the-century debate, the problems plaguing apprenticeship tie in to the question of whether or not there was a sufficient level of training from a societal perspective, or if there was underinvestment. This, in turn, leads to the question of the need for state intervention to correct a potential market failure. At the time, the perceived problems of apprenticeship were used as justification for a proposed apprentice law, which was never passed, and limited state financial support for training that was instituted in 1917.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 12-30
Issue: 1
Volume: 67
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2018.1511467
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2018.1511467
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:67:y:2019:i:1:p:12-30




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Astrid Kander
Author-X-Name-First: Astrid
Author-X-Name-Last: Kander
Author-Name: Josef Taalbi
Author-X-Name-First: Josef
Author-X-Name-Last: Taalbi
Author-Name: Juha Oksanen
Author-X-Name-First: Juha
Author-X-Name-Last: Oksanen
Author-Name: Karolin Sjöö
Author-X-Name-First: Karolin
Author-X-Name-Last: Sjöö
Author-Name: Nina Rilla
Author-X-Name-First: Nina
Author-X-Name-Last: Rilla
Title: Innovation trends and industrial renewal in Finland and Sweden 1970–2013
Abstract: 
 We examine trends in innovation output for two highly ranked innovative countries: Finland and Sweden (1970–2013). Our novel dataset, collected using the LBIO (literature-based innovation output) method, suggests that the innovation trends are positive for both countries, despite an extended downturn in the 1980s. The findings cast some doubt on the proposition that the current stagnation of many developed countries is due to a lack of innovation and investment opportunities. Our data show that Finland catches up to, and passes, Sweden in innovation output in the 1990s. In per capita terms, Finland stays ahead throughout the period. We find that the strong Finnish performance is largely driven by innovation increase in just a handfull of sectors, but is not restricted to few companies. Both countries saw a rise in innovation during the dot-com era and the structural changes that followed. Since 2000 however, Sweden has outperformed Finland in terms of total innovations, especially in machinery and ICT, while the Finnish rate of innovation has stabilised. We suggest that these patterns may be explained by different paths of industrial renewal.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 47-70
Issue: 1
Volume: 67
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2018.1516697
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2018.1516697
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:67:y:2019:i:1:p:47-70




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Simon Ville
Author-X-Name-First: Simon
Author-X-Name-Last: Ville
Author-Name: Olav Wicken
Author-X-Name-First: Olav
Author-X-Name-Last: Wicken
Author-Name: John Dean
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Dean
Title: Dynamic paths of innovation in natural resource industries in Australia and Norway since World War Two
Abstract: 
 This paper challenges Ed Barbier’s influential contribution to the resources and economic development debate and extends our understanding of the process of resource-based development in two relevant economies since World War Two. We argue that: the expansion of resource-based industries remained a viable path of economic development in the ‘contemporary era’ since the 1950s; nations have modernised their economies while continuing to invest in resource industries; and innovation frontiers more than physical frontiers shaped the development of natural resource industries. We build our argument by providing a comparative study of two successful resource-based economies, Australia and Norway. Our focus is on aquaculture and offshore oil and gas, growth industries in both countries. Aquaculture is renewable and of recent origin, offshore oil and gas is non-renewable but with a longer history in other nations. Differences between the two nations are also discussed, particularly the narrower product specialisations of Norway. In both nations and both industries, though, there are common patterns of knowledge-intensive development through three stages – learning from older and imported technologies, the development of national capabilities, and their exploitation overseas through internationalisation – that draw upon the relationship between the resource sector and its supporting enabling sector.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 90-109
Issue: 1
Volume: 67
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2018.1530136
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2018.1530136
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:67:y:2019:i:1:p:90-109




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sibylle Lehmann-Hasemeyer
Author-X-Name-First: Sibylle
Author-X-Name-Last: Lehmann-Hasemeyer
Author-Name: Alexander Opitz
Author-X-Name-First: Alexander
Author-X-Name-Last: Opitz
Title: The value of active politicians on supervisory boards: evidence from the Berlin stock exchange and the parliament in interwar Germany
Abstract: 
 We provide the first overview over all political connections of firms via current Members of Parliament on supervisory boards and board of directors listed on the Berlin stock exchange in the 1920s. In contrast to anecdotal evidence, which suggest that political connections were expected to have a positive effect on firms’ performance, an event study based on the election in December 1924 and May 1928 shows only little evidence that a political connection via a newly elected or re-elected politician generated value. These results complement previous research emphasising that political connections might have mattered less in democracies.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 71-89
Issue: 1
Volume: 67
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2018.1533882
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2018.1533882
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:67:y:2019:i:1:p:71-89




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Henrikki Tikkanen
Author-X-Name-First: Henrikki
Author-X-Name-Last: Tikkanen
Title: Suuri Affääri: Helsingin Sanomien yrityshistoria 1889–2016 [Business history of Helsingin Sanomat 1889–2016]
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 110-112
Issue: 1
Volume: 67
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2018.1535450
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2018.1535450
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:67:y:2019:i:1:p:110-112




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Call for papers for a special issue of the Scandinavian Economic History Review on ‘Agriculture and Economic development’
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 113-114
Issue: 1
Volume: 67
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2019.1568823
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2019.1568823
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:67:y:2019:i:1:p:113-114




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jari Ojala
Author-X-Name-First: Jari
Author-X-Name-Last: Ojala
Author-Name: Tiina Hemminki
Author-X-Name-First: Tiina
Author-X-Name-Last: Hemminki
Author-Name: Pasi Nevalainen
Author-X-Name-First: Pasi
Author-X-Name-Last: Nevalainen
Title: Towards open access
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 1-3
Issue: 1
Volume: 67
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2019.1582799
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2019.1582799
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:67:y:2019:i:1:p:1-3




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jari Ojala
Author-X-Name-First: Jari
Author-X-Name-Last: Ojala
Author-Name: Tiina Hemminki
Author-X-Name-First: Tiina
Author-X-Name-Last: Hemminki
Author-Name: Pasi Nevalainen
Author-X-Name-First: Pasi
Author-X-Name-Last: Nevalainen
Title: Increase in diversity: Nordic dissertations 2014–2018
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 4-11
Issue: 1
Volume: 67
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2019.1582824
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2019.1582824
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:67:y:2019:i:1:p:4-11




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Susanna Fellman
Author-X-Name-First: Susanna
Author-X-Name-Last: Fellman
Author-Name: Martin Shanahan
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Shanahan
Title: Beyond the market: broader perspectives in cartel research
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 195-203
Issue: 3
Volume: 68
Year: 2020
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2020.1820902
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2020.1820902
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:68:y:2020:i:3:p:195-203




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robrecht Declercq
Author-X-Name-First: Robrecht
Author-X-Name-Last: Declercq
Title: Forging cartels. A transatlantic perspective on business collusion and the interwar copper industry (1918–1940)
Abstract: 
 This article examines the formation and activities of international copper cartels during the interwar period by focusing on the Union Minière du Haut Katanga (UHMK), one of the principal new entrants at that time. Rather than seeing interwar copper cartels as an expression of the rise of the American copper industry, cartels gradually came to reflect the expansion of production world-wide by absorbing new entry. New entrants were crucial in setting up the Copper Exporters Inc (CEI) and International Copper Cartel (ICC) cartels. In addition, the formation and organisation of copper cartels are examined from the point of view of state policies. It is argued that governments, both in the US as well as in Europe, welcomed or tolerated cartels so long as they could provide security and social stability for domestic employment by regulating competition. Such arguments even allowed firms to push the boundaries of what was legally accepted, as the export cartel CEI gradually transformed into a production quota cartel. Copper cartels thereby functioned as alternatives to protectionism until 1932. Thereafter, firms turned to more resourceful solutions to circumvent American antitrust legislation and protectionism, resulting in the ICC, which depended upon informal and indirect American business participation.Abbreviations: UMHK: Union Minière du Haut Katanga; SGM: Société Générale des Minerais; CEA: Copper Export Association; CEI: Copper Exporters Inc.; ICC: International Copper Cartel; ARA 1: Algemeen Rijksarchief/Archives du Royaume 1, Ruisbroekstraat 2, 1000 Brussel; ARA 2: Algemeen Rijksarchief/Archives du Royaume 2, Archiefdepot Joseph Cuvelier, Hopstraat 26-28, 1000 Brussel
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 204-221
Issue: 3
Volume: 68
Year: 2020
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2019.1663761
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2019.1663761
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:68:y:2020:i:3:p:204-221




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Harald Espeli
Author-X-Name-First: Harald
Author-X-Name-Last: Espeli
Title: Insurance cartels and state policies in Norway, 1870s–1990s
Abstract: 
 This paper analyses the prolonged nature of two related cartels in life and non-life insurance, in Norway. Insurance cartels and the role of the state are rarely studied in cartel research, although such cartels are common. Cartels played an important role in creating trust and stability in the formative years of the Norwegian insurance industry. In life insurance, premiums are paid sometimes decades in advance. Reducing high transaction costs can also explain the state’s prolonged support of the fire and non-life insurance cartels. State policy towards the fire insurance cartel changed after World War I, when the state became a competitor, although its regulations did not directly weaken the non-life insurance cartel, this finally collapsed due to mergers in 1982. State support for the life insurance cartel was strong from the 1920s to the 1980s. By then it was difficult to differentiate between state-sector regulations and cartel interests. The life insurance cartel was dismantled by new state regulations in the mid-1980s.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 222-238
Issue: 3
Volume: 68
Year: 2020
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2019.1703802
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2019.1703802
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:68:y:2020:i:3:p:222-238




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Malin Dahlström
Author-X-Name-First: Malin
Author-X-Name-Last: Dahlström
Title: The foundations of cooperation: building cartels in the Nordic cement industry and beyond, 1890–1947
Abstract: 
 Cooperation and cartels are common-place in the cement industry. The Nordic countries’ close historical ties meant cooperation between the cement companies and their directors existed from the industry’s establishment in the 1890s. Cooperation was an essential part of the activities of cement company managers and was integral to business operations, with national cartels also establishing international cartels. While cooperation was ever present, its forms varied over time. Even when the form and membership of the cartels changed, however, exports were always central. Cartel agreements were re-negotiated regularly and their Nordic managers kept in close contact with each other. The Nordic cement producers also cooperated with other European producers, eventually leading to the establishment of a European cement cartel, the Cembureau, in 1947. The Cembureau was the ultimate result of a long period of cooperation and trust driven by the Nordic cement companies.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 239-253
Issue: 3
Volume: 68
Year: 2020
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2019.1703803
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2019.1703803
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:68:y:2020:i:3:p:239-253




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Birgit Karlsson
Author-X-Name-First: Birgit
Author-X-Name-Last: Karlsson
Title: Two cartel regimes. Swedish paper cartels and the EEC in the 1970s
Abstract: 
 In 1973 Sweden entered into a free-trade agreement with the EEC. This meant that the EEC principle of prohibition of cartels met with the Swedish principle of abuse. Paper production was heavily cartelised in Sweden and Scandinavian export cartels exercised a strong influence over EEC markets. The problem is analysed in terms of legitimacy – how did the Swedish actors make their claims legitimate? When analysing the arguments used in the negotiations it becomes clear that the Swedish negotiators claimed that paper cartels and no tariffs provided more general utility whereas the EEC argument was that cartels were principally wrong and that the EEC utility was more important than the potential general utility. Since Sweden did not have the upper hand in the discussions the outcome became that the Scandinavian export cartels were formally dismantled and free trade for paper products had to wait for 11 years. When it comes to the actual effects, Swedish paper export could continue in much the same way as before. A process initiated by EC against the Scandinavian newspaper cartels ended up in a compromise founded on a common skepticism towards North American producers.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 254-269
Issue: 3
Volume: 68
Year: 2020
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2019.1704858
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2019.1704858
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:68:y:2020:i:3:p:254-269




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ana Rosado-Cubero
Author-X-Name-First: Ana
Author-X-Name-Last: Rosado-Cubero
Author-Name: Angel Martínez-Soto
Author-X-Name-First: Angel
Author-X-Name-Last: Martínez-Soto
Title: A history of the sugar and cement cartels in twentieth-century Spain
Abstract: 
 In twentieth-century Spain, many industries were cartelised, and successfully created and maintained long-standing, mutually beneficial relationships with the State. This article describes two: the Spanish based sugar and cement cartels. In the case of sugar, controlling foreign imports was the key to survival of the General Association of Sugar Manufacturers (Sociedad General Azucarera, SGA). Although small ‘non-associated’ companies survived and competed with it, the cartel became strong when the three main sugar producers agreed not to compete and negotiated with the Spanish Government on tariff protection. In the more cohesive cement industry, a cartel was formed by the six largest companies and they presented a united front to the Ministry of Industry. From 1941 the cement cartel mainly sought, and received, support via production sharing (attending to the requests of the Franco’s regime) and participating in domestic price control.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 270-288
Issue: 3
Volume: 68
Year: 2020
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2020.1735504
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2020.1735504
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:68:y:2020:i:3:p:270-288




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Päl Thonstad Sandvik
Author-X-Name-First: Päl Thonstad
Author-X-Name-Last: Sandvik
Author-Name: Espen Storli
Author-X-Name-First: Espen
Author-X-Name-Last: Storli
Title: The quest for a non-competitive market: Standard oil, the international oil industry and the Scandinavian states, 1890–1939
Abstract: 
 This article focuses on the expansion of the international oil majors into Scandinavia in the period before World War II. From 1890, Standard Oil dominated the Scandinavian markets, but gradually the company’s hold on these markets was challenged by competitors. The article discusses how Standard oil achieved its market power in Scandinavia, and how the relationship between the company and its competitors, customers, and other stakeholders developed from 1890 to 1939. It also analyses how the Scandinavian governments reacted to the role of international cartels and the domination of large foreign multinationals in a sector that quickly was becoming more and more central to their economic development. The development of the Scandinavian oil markets is a prominent example of how big business actively worked to create uncompetitive markets by exploiting access to capital and control over the value chains. Gradually, this provoked public concern, yet finding the proper way to respond to the market power and the cartel and intra-firm co-operative practices of the mighty oil industry was no easy matter for the governments of small(ish) countries. By provoking public debate, the large oil companies’ quest for non-competitive markets proved a powerful incitement towards demonstrating the need for competition laws.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 289-305
Issue: 3
Volume: 68
Year: 2020
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2020.1786448
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2020.1786448
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:68:y:2020:i:3:p:289-305




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lars C. Bruno
Author-X-Name-First: Lars C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Bruno
Title: Small and medium powers in global history: trade, conflicts and neutrality from the 18th to the 20th Centuries
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 306-307
Issue: 3
Volume: 68
Year: 2020
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2020.1788986
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2020.1788986
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:68:y:2020:i:3:p:306-307




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zenonas Norkus
Author-X-Name-First: Zenonas
Author-X-Name-Last: Norkus
Author-Name: Vaidas Morkevičius
Author-X-Name-First: Vaidas
Author-X-Name-Last: Morkevičius
Author-Name: Jurgita Markevičiūtė
Author-X-Name-First: Jurgita
Author-X-Name-Last: Markevičiūtė
Title: From warfare to welfare states? Social and military spending in the Baltic States 1918–1940
Abstract: 
 This paper provides first broad cross-national quantitative comparison of social transfers and total social spending by the central government in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania in 1930 and cross-time comparative case study of social and defense spending patterns of these three countries during the entire interwar independence period. To compensate for many gaps in the available historical statistics of national income, the ratio of social to military expenditure (Sivardian Index), used in the contemporary UNDP Human Development Reports is retrospectively applied for cross-national comparisons along with share (%) of social spending in national income. Main findings: by 1930 the transformation of warfare state into welfare state was most advanced in Latvia due to the strength of the Latvian Social Democratic Worker party. With 2.12% of social transfers and 4,15% of total social spending in total output, Latvia followed closely behind Scandinavian Nordic countries, and was ahead of all Eastern European countries. After failed Communist putsch in Estonia in 1924, bringing Left parties into strategic defensive, the advancement of welfare state stagnated in Estonia on the level of authoritarian and less economically advanced Lithuania.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 1-21
Issue: 1
Volume: 69
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2020.1716060
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2020.1716060
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:69:y:2021:i:1:p:1-21




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martin Klesment
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Klesment
Author-Name: Kersti Lust
Author-X-Name-First: Kersti
Author-X-Name-Last: Lust
Title: Short-term economic stress and mortality differentials in rural Estonia, 1834–1884
Abstract: 
 This study examines the influence of short-term economic stress on mortality in nineteenth-century rural Estonia. We utilised vital registration, ‘soul revisions’ and listings of migrants from 1834 to 1884 to focus on two parishes in the northern part of Livland (now southern Estonia). In this period, rural areas were transitioning from the old manorial system to a more market-oriented society, and we hypothesise that some groups were more vulnerable during this process. We investigate whether the type of local manor – state – or privately owned – was related with the level of mortality and moderated the association between mortality and grain price changes. Our second question concerns the importance of social status as a predictor of mortality rates. The results indicate that infant and child mortality rates were lower in the state estate, compared with privately owned manors, but child mortality in the state estate was more responsive to price changes. Socio-economic status appears to be a relevant predictor for child and adult mortality, as landless and semi-landless labourers experienced a higher level of mortality risk compared with farmers and skilled workers. Increases in grain prices, however, were mostly related to mortality risk of farmers.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 22-40
Issue: 1
Volume: 69
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2020.1739121
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2020.1739121
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:69:y:2021:i:1:p:22-40




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Svante Prado
Author-X-Name-First: Svante
Author-X-Name-Last: Prado
Author-Name: Christer Lundh
Author-X-Name-First: Christer
Author-X-Name-Last: Lundh
Author-Name: Kristoffer Collin
Author-X-Name-First: Kristoffer
Author-X-Name-Last: Collin
Author-Name: Kerstin Enflo
Author-X-Name-First: Kerstin
Author-X-Name-Last: Enflo
Title: Labour and the ‘law of one price’: regional wage convergence of farm workers in Sweden, 1757–1980
Abstract: 
 Economic theory predicts that differences in wages for workers with similar skills will decline as labour mobility increase. This prediction is reminiscent of the ‘law of one price’, the notion that markets, if unfettered, eliminates price differentials of similar commodities across space. But can we really apply the economic logic of the commodity market to the labour market, governed as it is by institutions and politics as well as market forces? In this paper, we have examined the spread in farm workers’ wages across Swedish counties in 1757–1980. Besides nominal wages, the paper also offers cost of living indices by county. The paper enquires into sigma convergence and beta convergence. Long-run convergence, by both measures, was massive; the coefficient of variation, for instance, declined from about 28 per cent in the mid-eighteenth century to 4 per cent in 1980. Most of the compression, though, occurred in brief episodes rather than continuously. Markets, through labour mobility and trade, and institutions, through collective actions and labour laws, took turns in pushing towards regional convergence. The ‘law of one price’, we conclude, was not singlehandedly responsible for the elimination of regional wage differentials.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 41-62
Issue: 1
Volume: 69
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2020.1740776
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2020.1740776
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:69:y:2021:i:1:p:41-62




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sverre A. Christensen
Author-X-Name-First: Sverre A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Christensen
Title: Dubrowka - a free-standing company from a Norwegian family-network capitalism
Abstract: 
 The first globalisation, in the decades around 1900, was propelled by free-standing companies. This article discusses the establishment of a Norwegian free-standing company in Russia in 1910. It was the culmination of an eastwards movement from the Norwegian forest industry that went through Sweden and Finland before reaching Russia. The article discusses who controlled the company, and how this changed over time. It makes two main contributions to the literature. Firstly, how a family network can solve some of the puzzles free-standing companies have posed to theories of international business, especially regarding the origins and internalisation of ownership advantages. Secondly, it shows that, although free-standing companies were important for the first global economy, they were also integral to the deglobalization that followed.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 63-82
Issue: 1
Volume: 69
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2020.1759680
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2020.1759680
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:69:y:2021:i:1:p:63-82




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rodney Edvinsson
Author-X-Name-First: Rodney
Author-X-Name-Last: Edvinsson
Author-Name: Klas Eriksson
Author-X-Name-First: Klas
Author-X-Name-Last: Eriksson
Author-Name: Gustav Ingman
Author-X-Name-First: Gustav
Author-X-Name-Last: Ingman
Title: A real estate price index for Stockholm, Sweden 1818–2018: putting the last decades housing price boom in a historical perspective
Abstract: 
 Earlier research describes the development of real housing prices as a ‘hockey stick’, i.e. of long stagnation followed by a sharp upturn in recent decades. A problem is that there are very few indices of residential property covering longer periods. Using a database of around 10,900 sales, this study presents a historical housing price index for Stockholm 1818–1875, which extend a previous index by 57 years, one of the longest for any city. A so-called repeated sales index is compared to a sales price appraisals ratio index. We show that in real terms there have been two long upswings, in 1855–1887 and 1993–2018. In other periods, real prices were stagnant or even slightly declining. The nineteenth century upturn did not end in a crash, but was followed by stagnation for a century. There are many similarities between the two upturns. For example, both coincided with the demographic expansion and were preceded by deregulations. During both periods, properties became more expensive relative income levels. Our new data, available at http://historia.se/StockholmResidentialPrices1818_1875.xlsx, reveals that the pattern of a ‘hockey stick’ between 1870 and 2012 is complemented by another hockey stick when the index is expanded.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 83-101
Issue: 1
Volume: 69
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2020.1759681
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2020.1759681
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:69:y:2021:i:1:p:83-101




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mikko Moilanen
Author-X-Name-First: Mikko
Author-X-Name-Last: Moilanen
Author-Name: Hilde Leikny Sommerseth
Author-X-Name-First: Hilde Leikny
Author-X-Name-Last: Sommerseth
Title: ‘I will learn from it for as long as I live’ – religious reading and functional literacy skills
Abstract: 
 Max Weber claims in his well-known book, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, that the emergence of capitalism had its roots in the Protestant work ethic. Becker and Woessmann’s seminal 2009 paper finds that the more likely relationship between Protestantism and economic prosperity runs via literacy. They claim that Protestants unintendedly acquired literacy skills that functioned as human capital in the economic sphere by adhering Luther’s call to learn to read the Bible on their own. In this paper, we investigate at individual level to what extent one by reading Holy scripts acquired functional literacy skills. By using unique individual-level data from nineteenth-century Protestant Norway, we are able to identify offsprings of families known to be intensive readers of religious texts. Our results indicate that the effect of religious reading on functional literacy was restricted: religious reading gave better skills to read easily understood texts, but did not give better skills to read more advanced texts. Our results give more nuances in our understanding of what role pre-modern Nordic religious reading played in economic progress in Lutheran Nordic countries.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 124-139
Issue: 2
Volume: 69
Year: 2021
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2020.1786449
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2020.1786449
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:69:y:2021:i:2:p:124-139




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jakob Starlander
Author-X-Name-First: Jakob
Author-X-Name-Last: Starlander
Title: Conflict and negotiation: management of forest commons in seventeenth-century Northern Finland
Abstract: 
 The seventeenth century was a time when large economic transformations had direct consequences on people’s everyday lives. Increased economic pressure was put on rural populations, which affected their management of the resources that they owned in common. This paper examines how peasant communities managed commonly owned forests in Finland during the seventeenth century. The focus is placed on North Ostrobothnia, where large-scale tar production and widespread timber cutting took place to meet the growing need of European states for forest products. Through the study of district court protocols, this article analyses how peasant communities responded to and coped with the new economic climate of the period while local authorities enforced royally sanctioned restrictions and outside interest groups raised demands on what the peasantry could provide. Consequently, the peasantry formalised previously informal rules, regulated cutting activities in relation to the taxable capacity of the peasant households, and re-established borders, which offset privatisation.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 177-194
Issue: 2
Volume: 69
Year: 2021
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2020.1789732
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2020.1789732
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:69:y:2021:i:2:p:177-194




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nikita Lychakov
Author-X-Name-First: Nikita
Author-X-Name-Last: Lychakov
Title: The distributional effect of a financial crisis: Russia 1899–1905
Abstract: 
 Who pays for financial crises? This paper examines the period between the major Russian financial crisis of 1899–1902 and the Russian Revolution of 1905. Using newly constructed aggregate-level data and narrative evidence, this paper finds that in response to the crisis, the Russian government and industry transferred income and wealth from ordinary workers to industrialists and investors. The recipients of transfers weathered the crisis well and profited during the recovery, while employees’ wages and wealth fell behind.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 140-157
Issue: 2
Volume: 69
Year: 2021
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2020.1786451
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2020.1786451
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:69:y:2021:i:2:p:140-157




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lars Karlsson
Author-X-Name-First: Lars
Author-X-Name-Last: Karlsson
Author-Name: Henric Häggqvist
Author-X-Name-First: Henric
Author-X-Name-Last: Häggqvist
Author-Name: Peter Hedberg
Author-X-Name-First: Peter
Author-X-Name-Last: Hedberg
Title: Market structure and efficiency in Swedish commercial banking, 1912–1938
Abstract: 
 This article investigates the link between market structure and performance in the Swedish commercial banking industry between 1912 and 1938. During this period, new market regulation was introduced with the intention to encourage large-scale banking. As a result, the industry entered a far-reaching consolidation phase. These market structure changes coincided with industrial development and progress. For this reason, it has commonly been assumed that the new regime fostered banks with capacity to efficiently supply the industry with financial services. However, hitherto, no comprehensive analyses on the actual impact of these policy changes on the performance of the banks have been conducted. We examine this impact by measuring the efficiency of Swedish commercial banks by constructing a Malmquist index based on technical efficiency scores derived from Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). We use fractional regression analysis to examine the impact of market concentration and bank mergers on efficiency. We find that market concentration had a decidedly negative impact on the average efficiency of the Swedish commercial banking industry during this period. While large financial intermediaries may have been necessary to channel capital into the large-scale industrial and infrastructural projects of the time, it came at the cost of increased deadweight losses.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 103-123
Issue: 2
Volume: 69
Year: 2021
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2020.1772359
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2020.1772359
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:69:y:2021:i:2:p:103-123




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Per Högselius
Author-X-Name-First: Per
Author-X-Name-Last: Högselius
Author-Name: Yunwei Song
Author-X-Name-First: Yunwei
Author-X-Name-Last: Song
Title: Extractive visions: Sweden’s quest for China’s natural resources, 1913–1917
Abstract: 
 This article scrutinises one of the most fascinating and ambitious cases of Swedish informal empire-building in the industrial age: the skilfully orchestrated attempts by scientists, diplomats, industrial companies and financial institutions to seize control over early Republican China’s most strategic industrial sector – its iron and steel complex. Sweden’s ‘extractive vision’, as we call it, started with the recruitment of Johan Gunnar Andersson, head of the Swedish Geological Survey, as a key advisor to the Chinese government. Contrary to earlier research on Andersson’s Chinese career, which narrowly portrays Andersson as a scientist, we show that he was closely affiliated with the exploitative interests of Swedish industrial and foreign-policy actors. In the end he took the lead in seeking to secure, for Sweden, a quasi-colonial presence in Republican China, centring on large-scale extraction of Chinese iron ore, profit-maximising iron exports throughout the Pacific region and construction and operation of China’s largest steel mills and weapons factories.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 158-176
Issue: 2
Volume: 69
Year: 2021
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2020.1789731
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2020.1789731
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:69:y:2021:i:2:p:158-176




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kristin Ranestad
Author-X-Name-First: Kristin
Author-X-Name-Last: Ranestad
Title: Swedish economists in the 1930s debate on economic planning
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 195-196
Issue: 2
Volume: 69
Year: 2021
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1901778
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2021.1901778
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:69:y:2021:i:2:p:195-196




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Prize announcement
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 328-328
Issue: 3
Volume: 69
Year: 2021
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.2008493
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2021.2008493
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:69:y:2021:i:3:p:328-328




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Antonie Doležalová
Author-X-Name-First: Antonie
Author-X-Name-Last: Doležalová
Title: A stolen revolution. The political economy of the land reform in interwar Czechoslovakia
Abstract: 
 This study revises the picture of the interwar Czechoslovak land reform as an example of a successful non-violent land reform. The study reveals that the land reform in Czechoslovakia, which passed as a revolutionary change, did not reach its announced targets: the redistribution of the land to landless and land-poor people and the reduction of inequality of land distribution in society. Based on the hypothesis that even when there is a strong ruling agrarian political party, and no opponents to a land reform in the country, there is no guarantee of its successful realisation, the study follows two aims: (1) a revision of the real outcomes of the land reform in interwar Czechoslovakia; (2) an analysis of why the land reform failed in expropriating and redistributing the land. In doing so, the study discusses how the land reform was stolen from the peasants and to what measure the theft was calculated.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 278-300
Issue: 3
Volume: 69
Year: 2021
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1984295
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2021.1984295
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:69:y:2021:i:3:p:278-300




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: María Isabel Ayuda
Author-X-Name-First: María Isabel
Author-X-Name-Last: Ayuda
Author-Name: Vicente Pinilla
Author-X-Name-First: Vicente
Author-X-Name-Last: Pinilla
Title: Agricultural exports and economic development in Spain during the first wave of globalisation
Abstract: 
 The objective of this article is to study the evolution of Spanish agricultural exports, their share of agricultural production as a whole, the determinants of their expansion and, finally, the contribution that they have made to economic development. Our results show considerable dynamism in agricultural exports, which however faced certain obstacles that limited any further expansion. Their share on production varied greatly, but for some relevant products it was fundamental, substantially contributing to its growth. The increase in external demand but also the comparatively high profitability of export products and a high level of competitiveness in the international market generated highly dynamic behaviour in supply. The contribution of the export sector to Spanish economic growth was positive although moderate. It contributed to financing necessary imports during the industrialisation process, favoured a more efficient allocation of resources and produced intersectoral linkages. However, the geographical concentration of production for export limited its spatial impact on the Spanish economy.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 199-216
Issue: 3
Volume: 69
Year: 2021
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2020.1786450
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2020.1786450
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:69:y:2021:i:3:p:199-216




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul Sharp
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Sharp
Title: Special issue on ‘Agriculture and economic development’
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 197-198
Issue: 3
Volume: 69
Year: 2021
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1999602
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2021.1999602
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:69:y:2021:i:3:p:197-198




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mats Olsson
Author-X-Name-First: Mats
Author-X-Name-Last: Olsson
Title: A land of milk and butter: how elites created the modern Danish dairy industry
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 326-327
Issue: 3
Volume: 69
Year: 2021
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1932578
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2021.1932578
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:69:y:2021:i:3:p:326-327




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Per Grau Møller
Author-X-Name-First: Per Grau
Author-X-Name-Last: Møller
Title: Landbrug i Nordvestjylland gennem 250 år. Et erhverv og en livsform i evig forandring
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 324-326
Issue: 3
Volume: 69
Year: 2021
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1932576
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2021.1932576
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:69:y:2021:i:3:p:324-326




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gloria Sanz Lafuente
Author-X-Name-First: Gloria
Author-X-Name-Last: Sanz Lafuente
Title: Atoms for feeding: radioisotopes from the laboratory to the market, 1946–1960
Abstract: 
 The Second World War was followed by the development of the atom economy. There is no research on radioisotopes in economic and business history. This nuclear commodity stemmed from a related diversification process whose origin lay first in nuclear technology and then in reactors. This paper introduces the first stage of a technological innovation and the emergence phase of the agrarian and agro-industrial side of the businesses arising from the development of nuclear technology. The whole process highlights the early diffusion stage of product and process innovations (radioisotopes or radionuclides) and technology transfer.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 301-323
Issue: 3
Volume: 69
Year: 2021
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1984297
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2021.1984297
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:69:y:2021:i:3:p:301-323




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Árni Daníel Júlíusson
Author-X-Name-First: Árni Daníel
Author-X-Name-Last: Júlíusson
Title: Agricultural growth in a cold climate: the case of Iceland in 1800–1850
Abstract: 
 During the first half of the nineteenth-century Iceland experienced a steady increase in exports. New products were sought after for export by Danish merchants and the peasant farming community responded by increasing the production of the relevant products. The whole period from 1800 to 1850 saw a continuing increase in the exports of sheep products and shark liver oil, which had a common origin in peasant farming production. This period contrasts with the eighteenth century when there was no corresponding growth in exports. The level of exports in the eighteenth century remained overall much the same except during periods of dearth, when it fell. Traditionally the beginning of the modernisation of Icelandic society is dated to around 1880–1910. However, it could be argued that increasing exports of sheep products and shark liver oil after 1800 saw a clear break with the eighteenth-century pattern and that the period should be taken into consideration as being the origin period of economic modernisation in Iceland. This article discusses questions the exclusion not only of the role of peasant farming in the modernisation narrative of Iceland, but also of the Copenhagen merchant houses that organised the goods export from Iceland after 1800.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 217-232
Issue: 3
Volume: 69
Year: 2021
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2020.1788985
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2020.1788985
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:69:y:2021:i:3:p:217-232




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Natalia Rozinskaya
Author-X-Name-First: Natalia
Author-X-Name-Last: Rozinskaya
Author-Name: Alexander Sorokin
Author-X-Name-First: Alexander
Author-X-Name-Last: Sorokin
Author-Name: Dmitry Artamonov
Author-X-Name-First: Dmitry
Author-X-Name-Last: Artamonov
Title: Peasants’ inequality and stratification: evidence from pre-revolutionary Russia
Abstract: 
 The article analyses Russian peasants’ differentiation in the late 19th to early 20th centuries, addressing issues related to transformation of the peasantry's socio-economic standing during the market economy formation period. Combining statistical data analysis and using a multilevel model on peasants’ welfare in the province of Simbirsk, we find that a high level of inequality existed in the region at the time of the census; that inequality within a county contributes more toward income inequality than inequality between counties. Based on different statistical resources, we also plot the graphs and calculate the Gini indices for provinces for which data on the distribution of land, horses, and cows by individual farms are available. Our results do not support Chayanov's hypothesis on the correlation between the number of peasant family members and the amount of land in their possession. Our results indicate that communes were losing their ‘equalising’ function. For most provinces, the Gini index had been rising over time, indicating increasing inequality. Most importantly, this increase occurred in a relatively short period—much faster than in other countries—thereby making Russia more socially and politically vulnerable.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 253-277
Issue: 3
Volume: 69
Year: 2021
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2020.1830166
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2020.1830166
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:69:y:2021:i:3:p:253-277




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kristin Ranestad
Author-X-Name-First: Kristin
Author-X-Name-Last: Ranestad
Title: Connecting formal education and practice to agricultural innovation in Denmark (1860s–1920): a note on sources and methods
Abstract: 
 It is generally found that human capital has had positive effects on industrial development and economic growth. But the relationship between formal education, work practice, industrial development and economic growth, and changes over time, remains unclear, largely because of a lack of empirical evidence. This note argues that an investigation of the Danish dairy industry can contribute to further our understanding of the impacts and limitations of formal education and practice. It describes unique sources that can be used to construct a database, which in turn can be used to make an empirically solid investigation of whether, and how, knowledge learned at school and through practice contributed to technological changes, diffusion of technology and increased productivity in the Danish dairy industry from the 1860s to 1920, a period when this industry went through a technological and industrial transformation. The purpose of this planned investigation will be to fill a gap in Danish historiography, but also to contribute to the wider literature about the role of education and practice in innovation with empirical evidence, and by further developing concepts of knowledge and technology.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 233-252
Issue: 3
Volume: 69
Year: 2021
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2020.1806920
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2020.1806920
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:69:y:2021:i:3:p:233-252




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Åsa Malmström Rognes
Author-X-Name-First: Åsa Malmström
Author-X-Name-Last: Rognes
Title: The evolution of capital adequacy rules – the contrasting cases of Sweden and Britain
Abstract: 
 The regulation of bank capital has evolved from minimum capital requirements for joint-stock banks to elaborate risk-based capital adequacy rules. How did these regulations come about? How and why have they changed over time in different coutnries? Sweden began to regulate minimum capital in the nineteenth century. In 1911 an early version of capital adequacy was introduced. In addition to stringent regulation a separate inspection agency was given wide-ranging powers to ensure compliance. Britain also had minimum capital rules in place but during the twentieth century these two countries followed different paths in regulation and supervision of capital rules. This paper examines the Swedish case in detail and contrasts that with the British case. It is suggested that their respective civil and common law traditions may explain the divergent approaches to defining and regulating capital adequacy.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 19-32
Issue: 1
Volume: 70
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2020.1843528
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2020.1843528
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:70:y:2022:i:1:p:19-32




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Saara Matala
Author-X-Name-First: Saara
Author-X-Name-Last: Matala
Title: Negotiating bilateralism: the Finnish-Soviet clearing trade and payment system, 1952–1990
Abstract: 
 Finland and the Soviet Union had a special trade partnership based on bilateral clearing trade and payment system and five-year agreements 1952–1990. While other market economies, and eventually even socialist countries, opted for multilateral trade and convertible currencies, the clearing system was popular in Finland until its termination. The end of the bilateral trade was a surprise for many, but this article shows how the continuance of the Finnish-Soviet bilateral trade had been under discussion from the 1960s onwards. This article examines the agency and attitude of the Finnish foreign trade administration in questions related to the continuance of the bilateral trade system. It underlines three aspects. Firstly, the bilateral clearing trade and payment system was not self-evident but a choice and as a choice it had political and economic consequences. Secondly, the decision to maintain the clearing system was a negotiation and in this negotiation both Finland and the Soviet Union had agency. Finally, the meanings connected to the clearing trade and payment system were not stabile but changed over time.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 87-107
Issue: 1
Volume: 70
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2020.1843529
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2020.1843529
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:70:y:2022:i:1:p:87-107




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Håkan Lindgren
Author-X-Name-First: Håkan
Author-X-Name-Last: Lindgren
Title: ‘Over-indebtedness’ – or not? Household debt accumulation and risk exposure in nineteenth century Sweden
Abstract: 
 In light of the ongoing extensive discussion concerning the increasing financial risk levels of the household sector in modern, credit-based societies, this study explores the level and structure of credit markets in nineteenth century Sweden. The growing international research focusing on informal credit markets outside formalised institutions has demonstrated that credit was abundantly and pervasively included in the lion’s share of all inter-personal financial relationships in early modern Europe. In this particular study, based on probate inventories and the inverted mortality method, the changing structure of nineteenth century credit market is estimated for the living population. The household financial situation is studied as life-cycle indebtedness and as debt ratios in relation to income, wealth and financial assets and how these ratios evolved during the transformation from a predominately agrarian to a more commercialised, monetised and industrialised economy in Sweden during the nineteenth century. The source material for this article consists of more than 5800 household probate inventories from Southern and Central Sweden, including three rural and two urban areas. The geographical selection is based on a sample utilised in a wider research project. It permits comparisons of debt structures not only between rural and urban areas, but also among different regions within Sweden.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 33-56
Issue: 1
Volume: 70
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1879242
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2021.1879242
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:70:y:2022:i:1:p:33-56




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Malin Dahlström
Author-X-Name-First: Malin
Author-X-Name-Last: Dahlström
Title: Otyg: fallet Algots Nord
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 110-111
Issue: 1
Volume: 70
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1932571
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2021.1932571
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:70:y:2022:i:1:p:110-111




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Klas Rönnbäck
Author-X-Name-First: Klas
Author-X-Name-Last: Rönnbäck
Author-Name: Leos Müller
Author-X-Name-First: Leos
Author-X-Name-Last: Müller
Title: Swedish East India trade in a value-added analysis, c. 1730–1800
Abstract: 
 The narrative of the Swedish East India Company (SEIC) is a well-known part of Sweden’s eighteenth century history. The company is known as a profitable venture, the only successful chartered company in Sweden, but with a limited impact upon the country’s economic development. In this paper, we employ a value-chain analysis to estimate the Swedish East India trade’s magnitude in terms of value-added. The results show that the success of the company was not based on monopolised domestic market in Sweden, a typical strategy of big chartered companies. The most valuable line of SEIC’s business (Chinese teas) was rather based on re-exports to other countries in Europe. Our quantitative estimates also show that the Swedish East India trade eventually made up a non-negligible share, and in particular a major share of the transport and trade sectors, of the Swedish economy during a long part of the eighteenth century.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 1-18
Issue: 1
Volume: 70
Year: 2022
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2020.1809511
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2020.1809511
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:70:y:2022:i:1:p:1-18




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ola Honningdal Grytten
Author-X-Name-First: Ola Honningdal
Author-X-Name-Last: Grytten
Title: Interessekonflikter i norsk handelspolitikk
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 108-109
Issue: 1
Volume: 70
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1932570
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2021.1932570
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:70:y:2022:i:1:p:108-109




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elise M. Dermineur
Author-X-Name-First: Elise M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Dermineur
Title: The evolution of credit networks in pre-industrial Finland
Abstract: 
 This paper examines the specificities of interpersonal credit networks in both a rural and an urban setting in pre-industrial Finland. To analyse peer-to-peer lending, the article studies a sample of 1047 probate inventories from the town of Kristinestad and its surrounding rural area, the parish of Lappfjärd. These probate inventories feature more than 5000 credit relations between households for the period 1850–1855 and 1905–1914. This paper also concerns itself with the changes pertaining to the advent of banking institutions in the mid-nineteenth century. Traditional behavioural sciences argue that formal institutions replaced informal ones because they are more efficient, more inclusive, or both. No longer needed, informal institutions are supposed to have disappeared when formal ones emerged. But this argument does not consider the social context – or embeddedness, a term coined by Granovetter – and the individuals evolving in it. Embeddedness does not disappear. Therefore, one may ask how banks penetrated communities and the credit networks that were already in place in order to supplant private lending. Tools from social network analysis help to draw insights into the features and changes pertaining to credit networks.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 57-86
Issue: 1
Volume: 70
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1884594
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2021.1884594
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:70:y:2022:i:1:p:57-86





Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sigríður Matthíasdóttir
Author-X-Name-First: Sigríður
Author-X-Name-Last: Matthíasdóttir
Author-Name: Þorgerður J. Einarsdóttir
Author-X-Name-First: Þorgerður J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Einarsdóttir
Title: Female enterprise on a transnational border: the entrepreneurial agency of an East Icelandic businesswoman, Pálína Waage (1864–1935)
Abstract: 
 The aim of this article is to contribute to the historical discussion of women entrepreneurs. It demonstrates that in Iceland, historical research on this theme has been scarce. The special focus of this article is to analyse the entrepreneurial agency of an East Icelandic female businesswoman, Pálína Waage (1864–1935), against this background. Based on her autobiography, diaries, and other local accounts, we analyse Pálína’s work and life trajectory in the context of the transnational town of Seyðisfjörður where she operated. We propose that Pálína possessed, in her local context, social and symbolic capital as an entrepreneur, as understood by French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. However, Pálína’s subject and agency has been silenced by factors such as the restricted financial authority of married women at the time, sociohistorical data, and the masculine discursive formation of the term ‘entrepreneur’ in the Icelandic context. It is proposed that Pálína’s female entrepreneurial agency was transgressive given these historical circumstances. It is also suggested that local history may help make entrepreneurial subjects, such as Pálína, visible. However, the question of whether Icelandic national history and the history of women and gender offer such possibilities is a topic for future research.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 167-180
Issue: 2
Volume: 70
Year: 2022
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1984296
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2021.1984296
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:70:y:2022:i:2:p:167-180



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carolina Uppenberg
Author-X-Name-First: Carolina
Author-X-Name-Last: Uppenberg
Title: Med kjønnsperspektiv på norsk historie [With gender perspective on Norwegian history]
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 216-217
Issue: 2
Volume: 70
Year: 2022
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1932579
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2021.1932579
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:70:y:2022:i:2:p:216-217



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Björn Eriksson
Author-X-Name-First: Björn
Author-X-Name-Last: Eriksson
Author-Name: Maria Stanfors
Author-X-Name-First: Maria
Author-X-Name-Last: Stanfors
Title: Industrious migrants: gender and the earnings of migrants in Swedish manufacturing around 1900
Abstract: 
 Migration played a central role in industrialisation by reallocating labour from the countryside to urban areas and centres of manufacturing where it was in high demand, and better remunerated, with implications for economic growth and individual well-being. We investigate the labour market performance of internal migrants in Sweden around the turn of the last century; a period of industrialisation and increasing migration. We add to the literature in two ways: first by focusing on earnings instead of occupational attainment; second by extending the scope beyond the prevailing focus on men by also considering women. To assess how migrants fared compared to locals, we use detailed matched firm-individual data covering three manufacturing industries which varied in terms of production, organisation, and composition of the workforce. We find that migrants, irrespective of gender, performed well in that their earnings were higher than those of locals in general and of co-workers in the same firm. These premia are consistent with a Roy model in which migrants’ sort into locations where returns to skills match individual ability. An increase in both hours worked and effort further explains the observed earnings premium among female migrants.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 142-166
Issue: 2
Volume: 70
Year: 2022
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1931431
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2021.1931431
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:70:y:2022:i:2:p:142-166



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Klara Arnberg
Author-X-Name-First: Klara
Author-X-Name-Last: Arnberg
Author-Name: Eirinn Larsen
Author-X-Name-First: Eirinn
Author-X-Name-Last: Larsen
Author-Name: Ann-Catrin Östman
Author-X-Name-First: Ann-Catrin
Author-X-Name-Last: Östman
Title: Gender and economic history in the Nordic countries
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 113-122
Issue: 2
Volume: 70
Year: 2022
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2022.2078403
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2022.2078403
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:70:y:2022:i:2:p:113-122



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paulina de los Reyes
Author-X-Name-First: Paulina
Author-X-Name-Last: de los Reyes
Title: Migrant mothers: work, nation and racialisation in Swedish official discourses 1970–2000
Abstract: 
 Images of migrant mothers have been a powerful marker for otherness in discourses of gender, migration and racialisation in Sweden. These women are often described as a problematic group in official discourses on labour-market policy, social welfare and gender equality. Taking as its point of departure the belief that knowledge production constitutes a central arena for deploying relations of power, the purpose of this article is to explore how migrant women’s experiences of motherhood have been represented in the Swedish Government Official Reports (SOU). What conditions of (im)possibility for motherhood, everyday life and integration into Swedish society are expressed in these government reports? How is the position of migrant mothers related to working conditions, intergenerational transmissions and reproduction dilemmas? The article focuses on the years between 1970 and 2000, a period that was characterised by profound transformations in Swedish society expressed not only in changing migration regulations and new gendered divisions of labour but also in the emergence of racialised patterns of inequality in housing, the labour market and access to social welfare. In so doing, the article contributes from the perspective of economic history to contemporary debates on the nexus between migration and racialisation in postcolonial societies.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 123-141
Issue: 2
Volume: 70
Year: 2022
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1988699
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2021.1988699
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:70:y:2022:i:2:p:123-141



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kirsi Laine
Author-X-Name-First: Kirsi
Author-X-Name-Last: Laine
Title: Responsibility, trust and gender in the economic decision-making of peasant households: enclosure in Southwest Finland 1760–1820
Abstract: 
 This article studies gender roles in the economic decision-making of peasant farms in Southwest Finland in the late eighteenth century and the early nineteenth century. This is a new perspective on enclosure and a new context to study gender roles in economic matters. Decisions concerning enclosure were primarily made by male household heads. Exceptions to the decision-making norm open up a perspective onto a more detailed picture of gendered responsibility in economic matters in peasant households. The results show that the responsibility of a male head of a household for making decisions regarding the land was binding. Whereas men used representatives in extremely exceptional circumstances only, a half of the female household heads used a representative at least at some point. Both men and women primarily trusted the younger generation when it came to choosing representatives. Women attended enclosure meetings rarely, but when they did, their participation was not questioned. Women acted just like other stakeholders at the meeting.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 181-194
Issue: 2
Volume: 70
Year: 2022
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1931430
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2021.1931430
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:70:y:2022:i:2:p:181-194



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Astrid Elkjær Sørensen
Author-X-Name-First: Astrid Elkjær
Author-X-Name-Last: Sørensen
Author-Name: Stinne Skriver Jørgensen
Author-X-Name-First: Stinne Skriver
Author-X-Name-Last: Jørgensen
Author-Name: Maja Meiland Hansen
Author-X-Name-First: Maja Meiland
Author-X-Name-Last: Hansen
Title: Half a century of female wage disadvantage: an analysis of Denmark’s public wage hierarchy in 1969 and today
Abstract: 
 In June 1969, the Danish parliament passed an extensive law complex, known as the Public Servant Reform of 1969. An important part of the reform was a new wage and classification system into which all public employees were placed. In newer Danish research on the gender wage gap, it is a hypothesis that the reform created a wage hierarchy in the public sector which in general was unfavourable to female-dominated professions, and that this hierarchy largely has persisted to the present due to mechanisms in the collective bargaining system. In our article, we test this hypothesis using graphical analysis and descriptive statistics. Our study supports the existing hypothesis about a gender biased wage hierarchy in 1969. We find that there is a close coherence between the wage hierarchy in 1969 and the wage hierarchy in 2019. However, our analysis also shows how education level explains even less of the traditional female dominated professions’ position in the wage hierarchy in 2019 compared with 1969, and that this is still the case when we take absence patterns and family-friendly benefits into account. That points toward a wage system, which seems unable to adjust to changes in an established profession’s profile.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 195-215
Issue: 2
Volume: 70
Year: 2022
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1988698
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2021.1988698
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:70:y:2022:i:2:p:195-215

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: SEHR_A_1901777_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Jan Tore Klovland
Author-X-Name-First: Jan Tore
Author-X-Name-Last: Klovland
Title: The price of neutrality: ocean freight rates and shipping policy towards the Northern Neutrals during the First World War
Abstract: 
 In 1915 and 1916, nearly one half of the total tonnage engaged in the trade of the UK was flying foreign flags. The Northern Neutrals, comprising the three Scandinavian countries, accounted for a large share of the neutral merchant fleet. A new set of detailed regional freight rate indices covering the period 1910–1920 provides the basis for comparing earnings from different trades during the First World War. This article shows that the UK authorities directed neutral tonnage into routes that were more hazardous but also much less remunerative than alternative trade routes in Asia and America. Thus, the price of neutrality comprised both loss of tonnage and foregone freight earnings for Scandinavian shipping. The new data series also form the basis of a discussion of how the wartime shipping controls created economic inefficiencies by distorting the shipping trade.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 300-319
Issue: 3
Volume: 70
Year: 2022
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1901777
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2021.1901777
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:70:y:2022:i:3:p:300-319



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: SEHR_A_1932577_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Leos Müller
Author-X-Name-First: Leos
Author-X-Name-Last: Müller
Title: Danmark som søfartsnation – Fortællinger, interesser og identitet gennem 250 år
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 324-326
Issue: 3
Volume: 70
Year: 2022
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1932577
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2021.1932577
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:70:y:2022:i:3:p:324-326



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: SEHR_A_1932574_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Arne Kaijser
Author-X-Name-First: Arne
Author-X-Name-Last: Kaijser
Title: Ingenjörerna
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 321-322
Issue: 3
Volume: 70
Year: 2022
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1932574
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2021.1932574
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:70:y:2022:i:3:p:321-322



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# input file: SEHR_A_1932575_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Pasi Nevalainen
Author-X-Name-First: Pasi
Author-X-Name-Last: Nevalainen
Title: Past, present & future: economic history in Eli F. Heckscher’s footsteps
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 323-324
Issue: 3
Volume: 70
Year: 2022
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1932575
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2021.1932575
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:70:y:2022:i:3:p:323-324



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: SEHR_A_1901775_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Mikko Moilanen
Author-X-Name-First: Mikko
Author-X-Name-Last: Moilanen
Author-Name: Sindre Myhr
Author-X-Name-First: Sindre
Author-X-Name-Last: Myhr
Author-Name: Stein Østbye
Author-X-Name-First: Stein
Author-X-Name-Last: Østbye
Title: Scraping the bottom of the barrel? Evidence on social mobility and internal migration from rural areas in nineteenth-century Norway
Abstract: 
 We aim to answer whether expected occupational gains motivated rural-urban and rural-rural migration in nineteenth-century Norway. Human capital theory indicates that the higher expected gains, the more prone an individual will be to migrate. We use a micro-level data set of over 42,000 rural sons linked to their fathers based on 1865 and 1900 Norwegian censuses and employ a switching endogenous regression model controlling for the endogeneity of migration decisions. Our main finding is that the effect of expected occupational gain on the probability of rural-urban migration differs according to the rural sons’ destination and parental occupational status: the sons from low status families were migrating motivated by expected occupational advancement. Sons from families with higher occupational status were motivated by expected occupational gains only in the case of rural-urban migration.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 252-272
Issue: 3
Volume: 70
Year: 2022
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1901775
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2021.1901775
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:70:y:2022:i:3:p:252-272



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: SEHR_A_1843530_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Juha-Matti Granqvist
Author-X-Name-First: Juha-Matti
Author-X-Name-Last: Granqvist
Title: Wreckage recycled. Salvage auctions and their economic impact in eighteenth century Sweden
Abstract: 
 In 1729, the privately owned Diving and Salvage Company gained a national monopoly for sea salvage in the Swedish Realm, a position it held until 1803. The Company sold all salvaged ships and goods in public auctions, creating a lively salvage market in Swedish and Finnish port towns. In this article, I examine these auctions and their economic impact in two towns, Visby and Helsinki. Via effective organisation and skilful advertising, the Company was able to sell large quantities of salvaged ships, ship parts, and cargo to a large pool of buyers. The auctions had large economic impact and were an especially important factor in the late eighteenth century rise of shipping and shipbuilding in both Helsinki and Visby. The local merchants controlled the auctions and bought all ship material in bulk, recycling it to the new-built ships in their dockyards.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 219-233
Issue: 3
Volume: 70
Year: 2022
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2020.1843530
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2020.1843530
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:70:y:2022:i:3:p:219-233



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: SEHR_A_1901774_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Petri Roikonen
Author-X-Name-First: Petri
Author-X-Name-Last: Roikonen
Title: Income inequality in Finland, 1865–2019
Abstract: 
 This study contributes to long-run inequality discussions by presenting a new series of Finnish income inequality statistics for the years 1865–2019. It shows that income inequality rose and peaked during the industrialisation phase at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Overall, top income shares decreased during the first part of the twentieth century, mainly as a result of shocks to capital (e.g. civil war, WWI & WWII) and rising taxation. After 1948, income inequality rebounded slightly until the advent of the welfare state in the mid-1960s. The role of redistribution through taxes and transfers strengthened and inequality decreased considerably until the late 1980s. During the 1990s, however, income inequality significantly increased, which was driven by capital incomes in the top income groups. Moreover, top income taxes started to diminish already in the late 1970s, and a great taxation reform was enacted in the 1990s, which partly explains the growing income inequality. In contrast, income inequality has remained at relatively similar levels in the twenty-first century.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 234-251
Issue: 3
Volume: 70
Year: 2022
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1901774
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2021.1901774
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:70:y:2022:i:3:p:234-251



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# input file: SEHR_A_1932573_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Arne Kaijser
Author-X-Name-First: Arne
Author-X-Name-Last: Kaijser
Title: Ingenjörerna
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 320-321
Issue: 3
Volume: 70
Year: 2022
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1932573
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2021.1932573
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:70:y:2022:i:3:p:320-321



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: SEHR_A_1901776_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Fay Lundh Nilsson
Author-X-Name-First: Fay
Author-X-Name-Last: Lundh Nilsson
Author-Name: Per-Olof Grönberg
Author-X-Name-First: Per-Olof
Author-X-Name-Last: Grönberg
Title: A technical workforce for regional industrial development? Origin and dispersion of graduates from the technical secondary schools in Malmö and Borås 1855–1930
Abstract: 
 This article connects to the discussion on skills and knowledge during the early industrialisation. It focuses on how two out of four technical secondary schools in Sweden (Malmö and Borås) lived up to their aims communicated by politicians and other stakeholders: to provide emerging industries and crafts in their regions with technicians and to prepare for studies at the Technological Institute. Initially, a majority of students came from the school regions, but the share of long-distance students increased over time. A majority served in industry and craft, and the study reflects chemistry’s and electricity’s breakthrough with increasing shares of graduates employed over time. Several graduates continued to further studies; not only at the Technological Institute but also elsewhere in Sweden and abroad. As for the purpose to provide the regions with technicians, the results are ambiguous. Many graduates, especially from Borås, moved to other parts of Sweden and abroad. Malmö graduates stayed more often in the school region because Malmö was a larger city, and the school region more industrially diversified. The brain-drain from the school regions was not necessarily problematic as in-migration of technicians from other schools compensated.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 273-299
Issue: 3
Volume: 70
Year: 2022
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1901776
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2021.1901776
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:70:y:2022:i:3:p:273-299

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# input file: SEHR_A_1984302_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Pål Thonstad Sandvik
Author-X-Name-First: Pål Thonstad
Author-X-Name-Last: Sandvik
Title: Vad är ekonomisk historia? [What is economic history?]
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 96-97
Issue: 1
Volume: 71
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1984302
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2021.1984302
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:71:y:2023:i:1:p:96-97



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# input file: SEHR_A_2121754_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Erik Bengtsson
Author-X-Name-First: Erik
Author-X-Name-Last: Bengtsson
Title: Bondesamfunn og bondeopposisjon på Agder: I overgangen mellom seinmiddelalder og tidlig nytid ca. 1480–1615
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 100-101
Issue: 1
Volume: 71
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2022.2121754
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2022.2121754
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:71:y:2023:i:1:p:100-101



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# input file: SEHR_A_1931429_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Kasper Hage Stjern
Author-X-Name-First: Kasper Hage
Author-X-Name-Last: Stjern
Title: The Norwegian forest concession law of 1909 and concession policy 1909–28
Abstract: 
 This paper employs a case study of the Norwegian forest concession law of 1909 and concession policy from 1909–28 to examine the expansion of state resource regulation at the start of the 1900s. The case is studied by examining the main aims of the law and what concession policy was conducted for forests between 1909–28. The forest concession law of 1909 regulated the sale of forests, requiring all buyers of forest property larger than municipal limits to acquire concession. Strict limitations were set on domestic companies’ ability to purchase forests, while foreign companies were effectively barred. Non-local Norwegian citizens were also required to acquire concession. The forest concession law had four aims: (1) Improve local political and economic conditions, (2) Stop foreign acquisitions of forests, (3) Avoid monopolies and unhealthy competition, (4) Avoid speculation on forests. The Norwegian forest concession policy was, in nearly the entire period, to support local and municipal forest ownership and restrict both foreign and domestic companies’ ownership of forests. The law was similar to Finnish and Swedish forest regulations in promoting social goals such as protecting farmers and crofters but was somewhat more protective than the Finnish and Swedish regulations.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 1-20
Issue: 1
Volume: 71
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1931429
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2021.1931429
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:71:y:2023:i:1:p:1-20



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# input file: SEHR_A_2013310_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Charlotta Wolff
Author-X-Name-First: Charlotta
Author-X-Name-Last: Wolff
Title: Det villrådiga samhället. Kungliga Vetenskapsakademiens politiska och ekonomiska ideologi, 1739–1792
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 98-100
Issue: 1
Volume: 71
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.2013310
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2021.2013310
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:71:y:2023:i:1:p:98-100



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# input file: SEHR_A_1995038_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Lars C. Bruno
Author-X-Name-First: Lars C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Bruno
Title: Knowledge-based growth in natural resource intensive economies: mining, knowledge development and innovation in Norway 1860–1940
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 97-98
Issue: 1
Volume: 71
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1995038
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2021.1995038
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:71:y:2023:i:1:p:97-98



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# input file: SEHR_A_1984294_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Lars-Fredrik Andersson
Author-X-Name-First: Lars-Fredrik
Author-X-Name-Last: Andersson
Author-Name: Liselotte Eriksson
Author-X-Name-First: Liselotte
Author-X-Name-Last: Eriksson
Title: Household risk strategies during a pandemic – experiences from the 1918 influenza pandemic
Abstract: 
 In 2020, The COVID-19 crisis has put great pressure on the economy worldwide. Only time can tell whether the COVID-19 crisis will have permanent effects on corporate and household behaviour and how it will affect society at large. This article examines historical experiences of how households managed the financial consequences of rising mortality during the 1918 influenza pandemic. We find that the previous pandemic led to an immediate and major increase in primarily small-sum industrial life insurance policies designed for blue-collar workers. The increase in new policies did not, however, have a lasting effect. By the time the pandemic had faded, the number of policies had dropped to below pre-pandemic conditions. This historical experience underlines the fact that there are limits to the extent to which even a major shock, such as a pandemic, can lead to behavioural change among households as currently being predicted in relation to COVID-19.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 36-57
Issue: 1
Volume: 71
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1984294
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2021.1984294
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:71:y:2023:i:1:p:36-57



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# input file: SEHR_A_1931432_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Martin Kragh
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Kragh
Title: Nationalisation of foreign property in the Russian revolution: the Swedish case
Abstract: 
 In contrast to other economic calamities such as financial crises or war, the topic of nationalisation has received only little attention by economic and business historians. Drawing on Russian and Swedish archival sources, this paper takes stock of the economic losses incurred on foreign investors in the 1917 Russian revolution, with particular emphasis on the Swedish case. Constructing lower and upper bounds for the losses, the paper argues that depending on the chosen measure these were in the range from 380 to 1,140 million SEK in 1917. For a country that remained neutral throughout two world wars, the Russian revolution represents one of the largest (if not the largest) externally incurred losses on Swedish firms and households in modern history. These results suggest that the role of revolutions in international business history needs to be better understood.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 21-35
Issue: 1
Volume: 71
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1931432
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2021.1931432
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:71:y:2023:i:1:p:21-35



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# input file: SEHR_A_1984298_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Lars Christian Bruno
Author-X-Name-First: Lars Christian
Author-X-Name-Last: Bruno
Title: Natural resources and economic growth: comparing nineteenth century Scandinavia and twentieth century Southeast Asia
Abstract: 
 This paper aims to bridge part of the gap that exists between the resource curse literature and economic historical research on natural resources by analysing four resource-abundant countries. The study proposes that at the sectoral level, the determinants of growth in resource-based industries were mostly similar in the late 19th and late 20th centuries. However, we also argue that the relative contribution of natural resources to economic growth might have been declining during the late twentieth century. The evidence comes from an analysis of the forestry sector in Finland and Sweden between 1860 and 1910 and the palm oil industry in Indonesia and Malaysia between 1970 and 2016.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 58-79
Issue: 1
Volume: 71
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1984298
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2021.1984298
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:71:y:2023:i:1:p:58-79



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# input file: SEHR_A_2143419_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Anton Svensson
Author-X-Name-First: Anton
Author-X-Name-Last: Svensson
Author-Name: Erik Bengtsson
Author-X-Name-First: Erik
Author-X-Name-Last: Bengtsson
Title: Income inequality in an industrial city during the great levelling: micro level evidence from malmö, 1900–1950
Abstract: 
 This paper contributes to the debate on historical income inequality, and especially on the decrease in inequality found in industrialised countries during the first half of the twentieth century. We use new archival individual – and household-level data for taxpayers in Sweden's third-largest city, Malmö, from 1900 to 1950. Previous research has established that Sweden had a distinctive downturn in income inequality during the first half of the twentieth century, and explanations have not the least focused on capital incomes and taxes. With our original data we shed light on what happened to working-class and middle-class incomes, and show the importance of job upgrading of the working-class, the decline of domestic service and women's enhanced position on the labour market, and declining market incomes for top income earners in changing Malmö’s income distribution. We compare pre-tax and post-tax distributions, and the distribution on the individual level and the household level. With the new micro data, a richer account of income growth and income distribution in twentieth century Sweden is provided.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 80-95
Issue: 1
Volume: 71
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2022.2143419
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2022.2143419
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:71:y:2023:i:1:p:80-95

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# input file: SEHR_A_2010593_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Merja Uotila
Author-X-Name-First: Merja
Author-X-Name-Last: Uotila
Author-Name: Maare Paloheimo
Author-X-Name-First: Maare
Author-X-Name-Last: Paloheimo
Title: Textiles in blue: production, consumption and material culture in rural areas in early-nineteenth century Finland
Abstract: 
 The article focuses on masculine consumption patterns and the production and dyeing of textiles in rural Finland in the early nineteenth century. It maintains that the rural consumption of textiles as well as individual choices and tastes evolved, and our selected examples of males’ wardrobes demonstrate that contemporary styles were followed. The article targets an era that can be regarded as a watershed: this was a time when mass production was in its infancy and craft production and self-sufficiency were still relevant to household economies. As the wealth of certain groups, particularly landed peasantry, increased, they began among other things to purchase and wear clothes dyed with imported dyes such as indigo. The presence of blue garments in the wardrobes of the common people testifies to a change that took place in rural Finland. This change is evident especially in our analysis of probate inventories of the male inhabitants. Variety of documents on artisanship, the textile and dyeing industry and the import of indigo dye to Finland provide further evidence. The research thus contributes to the discussion on changing consumption patterns among the rural inhabitants in a country that is usually seen as one to which industrialisation came late.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 199-217
Issue: 2
Volume: 71
Year: 2023
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.2010593
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2021.2010593
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:71:y:2023:i:2:p:199-217



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# input file: SEHR_A_2121755_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Kalle Moene
Author-X-Name-First: Kalle
Author-X-Name-Last: Moene
Title: The world’s most egalitarian country? ‘Världens jämlikaste land?’
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 223-225
Issue: 2
Volume: 71
Year: 2023
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2022.2121755
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2022.2121755
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:71:y:2023:i:2:p:223-225



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# input file: SEHR_A_1984301_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Simon Gogl
Author-X-Name-First: Simon
Author-X-Name-Last: Gogl
Title: The German construction industry and industrial self-responsibility in occupied Europe, 1939–45
Abstract: 
 This article enquires into the role of private German businesses in the administration of Nazi-occupied Western and Northern Europe during the Second World War. It is argued that the National Socialists were able to rule over occupied Europe with a remarkably low number of administrative personnel because they trusted private industry with central administrative responsibilities and tasks. The focus will be on the German construction industry working under the paramilitary construction unit Organisation Todt, as no other sector relocated its activities to such a degree to the occupied territories. Under the slogan of ‘industrial self-responsibility’, German construction firms played a crucial role as bridgeheads and mediators, especially in the early phase of the occupation, helped to draft procurement contracts for construction projects, to control prices and entrepreneurial profits, to supervise local sub-contractors, and finally, to recruit and supervise forced labour. By investigating these aspects, the article adds not only to our understanding of the German administration of occupied Europe, but also of the functioning of the Nazi state in general. Moreover, the article highlights the consequences of industrial self-responsibility for state-business relations in the Third Reich.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 157-175
Issue: 2
Volume: 71
Year: 2023
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1984301
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2021.1984301
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:71:y:2023:i:2:p:157-175



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# input file: SEHR_A_1984299_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Gregory Ferguson-Cradler
Author-X-Name-First: Gregory
Author-X-Name-Last: Ferguson-Cradler
Title: Narrative and computational text analysis in business and economic history
Abstract: 
 Recent calls from within economics for increased attention to narrative open the door to possible cross-fertilisation between economics and more humanistically oriented business and economic history. Indeed, arguments for economists to take narratives seriously and incorporate them into economic theory have some similarities with classic calls for a revival of narrative in history and abandonment of ‘scientific’ history. Both share an approach to explaining social phenomena based on the micro-level. This article examines how new methods in computational text analysis can be employed to further the goals of prioritising narrative in economics and history but also challenge a focus on the micro-level. Through a survey of the most frequently used tools of computational text analysis and an overview of their uses to date across the social sciences and humanities, this article shows how such methods can provide economic and business historians tools to respond to and engage with the ‘narrative turn’ in economics while also building on and offering a macro-level corrective to the focus on narrative in history.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 103-127
Issue: 2
Volume: 71
Year: 2023
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1984299
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2021.1984299
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:71:y:2023:i:2:p:103-127



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# input file: SEHR_A_1984300_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Fredrik N. G. Andersson
Author-X-Name-First: Fredrik N. G.
Author-X-Name-Last: Andersson
Title: The quest for economic stability: a study on Swedish stabilisation policies 1873–2019
Abstract: 
 This paper explores the evolution of Swedish stabilisation policies through six policy regimes between 1873 and 2019. We focus on discretionary policy decisions by estimating policy shocks using a SVAR model. Through these shocks, we explore how stabilisation policies have evolved over time and how policymakers responded to key economic events such as financial crises and wars. Our results show three key results (i) policies are often a source of destabilisation rather than stabilisation, (ii) regimes are designed for a specific time and ends when economic circumstances change, and (iii) fixed exchange rates worsen the economic effects of financial crises.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 128-156
Issue: 2
Volume: 71
Year: 2023
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.1984300
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2021.1984300
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:71:y:2023:i:2:p:128-156



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# input file: SEHR_A_2121752_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Simon Ville
Author-X-Name-First: Simon
Author-X-Name-Last: Ville
Title: Natural resources and divergence. A comparison of Andean and Nordic trajectories
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 220-221
Issue: 2
Volume: 71
Year: 2023
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2022.2121752
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2022.2121752
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:71:y:2023:i:2:p:220-221



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# input file: SEHR_A_2000489_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Anna Knutsson
Author-X-Name-First: Anna
Author-X-Name-Last: Knutsson
Author-Name: Hanna Hodacs
Author-X-Name-First: Hanna
Author-X-Name-Last: Hodacs
Title: When coffee was banned: strategies of labour and leisure among Stockholm’s poor women, 1794–1796 and 1799–1802
Abstract: 
 This article maps out the largely unknown history of poor women’s dealings with coffee in Stockholm during the coffee prohibitions of 1794–1796 and 1799–1802 drawing on the city’s extensive police records. A total of 536 cases have been identified that involved the illegal selling, preparation, and consumption of coffee. These cases are analysed in the context of the separate but intertwined research fields of the global underground, household work, and the consumption of new exotic goods in the early modern period. The results from the study reveal the complex networks that facilitated the trade in coffee beans and coffee beverages during the prohibition, and the multifaceted processes which promoted the status of coffee to a common consumer good. It also reveals the extent to which coffee brought labour opportunities and income to poor women, but also how, by the end of the eighteenth century, the consumption of coffee had gained new connotations associated with work and leisure.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 176-198
Issue: 2
Volume: 71
Year: 2023
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.2000489
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2021.2000489
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:71:y:2023:i:2:p:176-198



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# input file: SEHR_A_2121751_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Gerda Bonderup
Author-X-Name-First: Gerda
Author-X-Name-Last: Bonderup
Title: Review of ‘En kort introduksjon til Norge på 1800-tallet’ (A short introduction to Norway during the 19th century)
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 218-219
Issue: 2
Volume: 71
Year: 2023
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2022.2121751
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2022.2121751
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:71:y:2023:i:2:p:218-219



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# input file: SEHR_A_2121753_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Sergio Tonatiuh Serrano Hernandez
Author-X-Name-First: Sergio Tonatiuh
Author-X-Name-Last: Serrano Hernandez
Title: Civilians and military supply in early modern Finland
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 221-223
Issue: 2
Volume: 71
Year: 2023
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2022.2121753
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2022.2121753
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:71:y:2023:i:2:p:221-223

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# input file: SEHR_A_2078402_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Viktor Persarvet
Author-X-Name-First: Viktor
Author-X-Name-Last: Persarvet
Author-Name: Marja Erikson
Author-X-Name-First: Marja
Author-X-Name-Last: Erikson
Author-Name: Mats Morell
Author-X-Name-First: Mats
Author-X-Name-Last: Morell
Title: Market growth, coordination problems and control – the timing of enclosures in East Central Sweden 1807–1892
Abstract: 
 The enclosure movement was a significant element of the agricultural revolution in Sweden. Legislation from 1749 onwards, opened up for Storskifte, which reduced the number of plots per owner, but did not touch the villages’ common field or housing structures. The edicts of Enskifte (1803–1807) and Laga skifte (1827), however, made possible the final dissolution of the open-field system. According to the Laga skifte legislation one single landowner applying for enclosure, could force the entire village to enclose. Nonetheless, the process was not complete even by the 1890s. Previous research has emphasised the importance of the enclosures for economic development and/or as a factor in income redistribution. It has, however, not fully explained why some villages enclosed early and others late. We investigate this question by using a newly constructed database containing all villages in the county of Västmanland. Furthermore, by using a Cox Proportional Hazards model, a random sample of 100 villages is followed over time to estimate which factors accelerated or decelerated the enclosure process. The major conclusions are that concentration of ownership and cost factors decreased the probability for enclosure while complex land-use patterns and real GDP-per capita growth increased the probability of enclosure.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 258-280
Issue: 3
Volume: 71
Year: 2023
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2022.2078402
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2022.2078402
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:71:y:2023:i:3:p:258-280



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# input file: SEHR_A_2013313_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Jørgen Mikkelsen
Author-X-Name-First: Jørgen
Author-X-Name-Last: Mikkelsen
Title: Kinafarerne. Mellem kejserens Kina og kongens København [The travellers to China. Between the emperor’s China and the king’s Copenhagen]
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 322-323
Issue: 3
Volume: 71
Year: 2023
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.2013313
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2021.2013313
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:71:y:2023:i:3:p:322-323



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# input file: SEHR_A_2013314_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Dunja Blažević
Author-X-Name-First: Dunja
Author-X-Name-Last: Blažević
Title: En kort introduksjon til Norge på 1900-tallet. Forskjell og fellesskap [A brief introduction to Norway in the 20th century. Difference and community]
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 323-325
Issue: 3
Volume: 71
Year: 2023
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.2013314
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2021.2013314
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# input file: SEHR_A_2032319_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Lars Ahnland
Author-X-Name-First: Lars
Author-X-Name-Last: Ahnland
Title: Survey article on Nordic financialisation in the long run
Abstract: 
 Financialisation has become a new buzz word in social sciences, but, although some of the earliest usages of the concept can be found with economic historians, the recent fad has largely been ignored by economic history. This is true also for the Nordic region. This survey article highlights a handful of studies on financialisation in the Nordic countries in general and within Nordic economic history, in particular, but more importantly, it relates Nordic economic history with a long wave approach to a corresponding stance in financialisation scholarship. It concludes that Nordic economic history is in an advantageous position to both shed light on contemporary financialisation with the help of historical examples. Moreover, it is also able to, through the lens of history, problematise some of the assumptions made within financialisation theory. In this, the Nordic region can provide apt case studies as varieties of financialisation over time and space. All in all, Nordic economic history has barely scratched the surface of this potential.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 247-257
Issue: 3
Volume: 71
Year: 2023
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2022.2032319
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2022.2032319
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:71:y:2023:i:3:p:247-257



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# input file: SEHR_A_2032318_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Lars Bruno
Author-X-Name-First: Lars
Author-X-Name-Last: Bruno
Author-Name: Jari Eloranta
Author-X-Name-First: Jari
Author-X-Name-Last: Eloranta
Author-Name: Jari Ojala
Author-X-Name-First: Jari
Author-X-Name-Last: Ojala
Author-Name: Jaakko Pehkonen
Author-X-Name-First: Jaakko
Author-X-Name-Last: Pehkonen
Title: Road to unity? Nordic economic convergence in the long run
Abstract: 
 This study examines Nordic economic convergence from the sixteenth to twentieth century respective of the economic leaders, in effect the UK before 1914 and USA thereafter. The paper uses a novel approach of combining the analysis of both GDP and wages. The examination of real GDP per capita suggests that there was a catch-up process in play, both with the economic leaders and among the Nordic states, from the early nineteenth century onwards. However, the examination of the adjusted silver wages suggests convergence among the Nordic economies by the end of the eighteenth century. Therefore, we argue, no single Nordic Model emerged from these development patterns, even though the Nordic states today do have striking similarities. Furthermore, they diverged from the West European growth path until the twentieth century, thus they were a part of the Little Divergence at Europe’s other peripheries. The world wars and other crises delayed the full impacts of the convergence process until the latter part of the twentieth century.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 229-246
Issue: 3
Volume: 71
Year: 2023
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2022.2032318
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2022.2032318
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# input file: SEHR_A_2106300_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Peter Gladoić Håkansson
Author-X-Name-First: Peter Gladoić
Author-X-Name-Last: Håkansson
Author-Name: Tobias Karlsson
Author-X-Name-First: Tobias
Author-X-Name-Last: Karlsson
Author-Name: Matti La Mela
Author-X-Name-First: Matti
Author-X-Name-Last: La Mela
Title: Running out of time: using job ads to analyse the demand for messengers in the twentieth century
Abstract: 
 Youth labour remained important well into the twentieth century, although it is often elusive in traditional sources. In this article, we investigate messengers – a category of occupational titles, including errand and office boys, which is thought of as youth jobs. We sketch the long-term development of the occupation by making use of digitised Swedish daily newspapers and discuss demand-side, supply-side and institutional factors for the disappearance of the occupation. Our investigation suggests that the messenger jobs reached their peak around 1945 and thereafter decreased to low levels in the 1960s. We find that employers looking for messengers were large organisations that needed in-house help with deliveries and simple office tasks. These employers originally aimed at young men aged 15–17 years. The minimum age requirement was not loosened over time; instead, employers began to announce for older workers. We interpret this as employers’ adapting to a situation where the supply of young messengers had decreased. Employers made their ads appealing by emphasising good working conditions and career prospects, indicating that there was still a demand for messengers despite the changing times.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 299-318
Issue: 3
Volume: 71
Year: 2023
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2022.2106300
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2022.2106300
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:71:y:2023:i:3:p:299-318



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# input file: SEHR_A_2085166_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Matteo Pompermaier
Author-X-Name-First: Matteo
Author-X-Name-Last: Pompermaier
Title: Women and wealth in Sweden: the case of Uppsala, 1850–1910
Abstract: 
 In the Swedish context, fairly little is known about the variation in the level and composition of female wealth over the long term. This paper aims to contribute to filling this gap, emphasising the main features of unmarried women's wealth and assessing how it evolved during the second half of the nineteenth century. To this end, the study relies on a sample of about 500 probate inventories drawn up in the city of Uppsala between 1850 and 1910. The second half of the nineteenth century was a period of transformation encompassing several aspects of Swedish society. The change included the economic and financial structure of the country, as well as the legal framework and the labour market. The research proves that unmarried women's wealth increased in the period here analysed, even though dissimilarly between spinsters and widows. Their wealth changed also from a qualitative point of view, as shown by the increasing presence of specific assets such as real estate and stocks recorded in their inventories. Among the several factors that can be retraced at the origins of this phenomenon, the development of a more equal legal framework and the evolution of the housing market seemed to have played a major role.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 281-298
Issue: 3
Volume: 71
Year: 2023
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2022.2085166
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2022.2085166
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:71:y:2023:i:3:p:281-298



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# input file: SEHR_A_2013311_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Martin Hansson
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Hansson
Title: Iron and the transformation of society. Reflexion of Viking age metallurgy
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 319-320
Issue: 3
Volume: 71
Year: 2023
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.2013311
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2021.2013311
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:71:y:2023:i:3:p:319-320



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# input file: SEHR_A_2259171_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Erik Lakomaa
Author-X-Name-First: Erik
Author-X-Name-Last: Lakomaa
Author-Name: Svante Prado
Author-X-Name-First: Svante
Author-X-Name-Last: Prado
Title: Editorial
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 227-228
Issue: 3
Volume: 71
Year: 2023
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2023.2259171
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2023.2259171
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:71:y:2023:i:3:p:227-228



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# input file: SEHR_A_2013312_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Anders Ravn Sørensen
Author-X-Name-First: Anders Ravn
Author-X-Name-Last: Sørensen
Title: Med skibet i kroppen. Mennesker og maritimt miljø i Det sydfynske Øhav 1750–1950
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 320-322
Issue: 3
Volume: 71
Year: 2023
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.2013312
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2021.2013312
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:71:y:2023:i:3:p:320-322

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: SEHR_A_2148736_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Marcin Wroński
Author-X-Name-First: Marcin
Author-X-Name-Last: Wroński
Title: Income inequality in the Duchy of Warsaw (1810/11)
Abstract: 
 In this paper we use administrative tabulations from occupation-based income tax (class tax) to estimate income inequality in the Duchy of Warsaw. We start off by estimating income inequality in the Department of Kalisz, and then use the decomposability of the Theil index to estimate national income inequality based on a sample of Theil indices corresponding to different settlement types. According to our results, income inequality in the Duchy was at a moderate level, although in the biggest cities it was relatively high. Income inequality at county level was positively correlated with the mean income of the county.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 67-81
Issue: 1
Volume: 72
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2022.2148736
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2022.2148736
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:72:y:2024:i:1:p:67-81



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# input file: SEHR_A_2113126_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Elisabeth Lindberg
Author-X-Name-First: Elisabeth
Author-X-Name-Last: Lindberg
Title: Unnecessary radicalism: the limits of economic ideas in political thinking
Abstract: 
 This article analyses late 1960s’ and early 1970s’ policy debate on issues concerning balance of payments in Sweden. Part of this debate was the question of fiscal austerity as a tool to achieve external balance, and if it could be used without risking economic and social unrest. The aim is twofold: first to empirically shine new light on modern Swedish economic policy in a historic context. Second to theoretically explore new ways of interpreting the relationship between political thinking and economic ideas. Special focus within the second aim are the consequences of political thinking on Keynesian economic ideas as a framework of economic understanding at the time. The study is qualitative in its methods and pays attention to limits within the relationship between economic policymaking and economic expertise. The article highlights conflicting perspectives on Keynesian ideas and the heterogeneity of these perspectives among economic experts. A heterogeneity of this kind is also shown to complicate the assumed close relationship between Social Democracy and Keynesianism in a historic context. In essence, the article shows that studying policy debates in close historic detail makes for new conclusions on the development of modern economic ideas and the part political thinking plays in it.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 25-48
Issue: 1
Volume: 72
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2022.2113126
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2022.2113126
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:72:y:2024:i:1:p:25-48



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# input file: SEHR_A_2013315_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Christian Vedel
Author-X-Name-First: Christian
Author-X-Name-Last: Vedel
Title: Trap Denmark: Tønder, Aabenraa, Sønderborg (vol 17)
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 82-83
Issue: 1
Volume: 72
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2021.2013315
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2021.2013315
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:72:y:2024:i:1:p:82-83



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# input file: SEHR_A_2106301_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Zenonas Norkus
Author-X-Name-First: Zenonas
Author-X-Name-Last: Norkus
Author-Name: Domantas Jasilionis
Author-X-Name-First: Domantas
Author-X-Name-Last: Jasilionis
Author-Name: Ola Honningdal Grytten
Author-X-Name-First: Ola Honningdal
Author-X-Name-Last: Grytten
Author-Name: Ilmārs Mežs
Author-X-Name-First: Ilmārs
Author-X-Name-Last: Mežs
Author-Name: Martin Klesment
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Klesment
Title: Mortality transition in the interwar Baltic states: findings from cross-country comparison of new life tables
Abstract: 
 This paper is the first comparative analysis of mortality transition, as part of the demographic transition, in all the three Baltic countries during the interwar period. We address the following research questions: Which type of mortality transition is exemplified by the interwar Baltic countries’ mortality patterns? Was the mortality transition completed already before WWII? What were Baltic cross-country differences in the advancement of mortality and demographic transitions? We present and use newly constructed life tables for Lithuania, 1925–1934, and draw on the work of the Estonian demographer Kalev Katus (1955–2008), publishing for the first time his life tables for Latvia in 1925–1938. Main findings: The three countries were part of the Western model of mortality transition. However, the reduction of infant and childhood mortality was lagging in Lithuania. Women of childbearing age in Estonia and mainland Latvia, as a result of earlier fertility decline, experienced longer life expectancy due to the decreased mortality from birth complications. Nevertheless, in all three countries mortality transition was still incomplete by WWII. A comparison of death causes in 1925–1939 serves to corroborate the last conclusion.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 1-24
Issue: 1
Volume: 72
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2022.2106301
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2022.2106301
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:72:y:2024:i:1:p:1-24



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# input file: SEHR_A_2121319_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Valeria Peshko
Author-X-Name-First: Valeria
Author-X-Name-Last: Peshko
Title: On the eve of the disaster. State and economy of Russia in 1914–1917 [V preddverii katastrofy. Gosudarstvo i ekonomika Rossii v 1914–1917 godah]
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 83-85
Issue: 1
Volume: 72
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2022.2121319
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2022.2121319
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:72:y:2024:i:1:p:83-85



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# input file: SEHR_A_2121750_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Nina Boberg-Fazlic
Author-X-Name-First: Nina
Author-X-Name-Last: Boberg-Fazlic
Title: Kolonisterne – kartoffeltyskerne i Gl. Tønder Amt [The colonists – potato Germans in Old Tønder Amt]
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 85-87
Issue: 1
Volume: 72
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2022.2121750
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2022.2121750
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:72:y:2024:i:1:p:85-87



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# input file: SEHR_A_2142661_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Anders Ahlbäck
Author-X-Name-First: Anders
Author-X-Name-Last: Ahlbäck
Author-Name: Fia Sundevall
Author-X-Name-First: Fia
Author-X-Name-Last: Sundevall
Author-Name: Johanna Hjertquist
Author-X-Name-First: Johanna
Author-X-Name-Last: Hjertquist
Title: A Nordic model of gender and military work? Labour demand, gender equality and women’s integration in the armed forces of Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden
Abstract: 
 This article traces the political process towards full formal integration of women in the military professions in Scandinavia and Finland, investigating the shifting roles played by military labour demands and politics of gender equality. It provides the first comparative overview of these developments in the Nordic region. The analysis demonstrates the importance of historical continuity in women’s military participation. Due to military labour demands, women were throughout the post-war decades recruited into a range of auxiliary, voluntary and hybrid capacities in the Scandinavian armed forces. The reforms opening the military professions to women in Denmark, Norway and Sweden in the 1970s were the outcome of a double crisis, as military needs for the regulation of these women’s organisational status coincided with new political demands for gender equality in the labour market. Corresponding reforms in Finland were delayed by the country’s lack of continuity in women’s military participation as well as its sufficient supply of male military personnel. A common Nordic model of gender and military work nonetheless emerged in the 1990s, marked by equal rights to military participation for women on a voluntary basis, combined with mandatory military conscription for men.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 49-66
Issue: 1
Volume: 72
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2022.2142661
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2022.2142661
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:72:y:2024:i:1:p:49-66

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# input file: SEHR_A_2252654_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Adam Grimshaw
Author-X-Name-First: Adam
Author-X-Name-Last: Grimshaw
Title: English commercial ascendancy and the growth in competition for Baltic markets, 1650–1700
Abstract: 
 From the 1650s the expansion of English interests in the Baltic fostered more competition for access to commercial markets. A desire from Sweden to meet its own commercial goals also led to a greater level of competition for shipping. An increasing association between England and Sweden brought about the greatest commercial shift in Baltic commerce during that century. Building on research that has established general trends in Anglo-Baltic commercial history during the period, this article assesses the growth and competition of English commercial ambition. The article consults data sets such as the Sound Toll Registers Online, and the Stockholm customs accounts, while taking into consideration contemporary diplomatic sources. It seeks to answer why, how and where English trade became competitive in the Baltic. It outlines general commercial flows by juxtaposing England’s shipping next to its nearest competitors and consults three case studies to reveal previously unrealised nuances in Anglo-Baltic trade.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 126-152
Issue: 2
Volume: 72
Year: 2024
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2023.2252654
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2023.2252654
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:72:y:2024:i:2:p:126-152



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# input file: SEHR_A_2130974_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Ola Innset
Author-X-Name-First: Ola
Author-X-Name-Last: Innset
Title: Husbanken og boligpolitikken 1996–2021. En jubileumsbok [The housing bank and the housing policies – an anniversary book]
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 173-175
Issue: 2
Volume: 72
Year: 2024
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2022.2130974
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2022.2130974
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:72:y:2024:i:2:p:173-175



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# input file: SEHR_A_2255599_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Petja Lyn Langholz
Author-X-Name-First: Petja Lyn
Author-X-Name-Last: Langholz
Author-Name: Hilde Leikny Sommerseth
Author-X-Name-First: Hilde Leikny
Author-X-Name-Last: Sommerseth
Title: Old-age mortality and social class in northern Norway in the first half of the twentieth century
Abstract: 
 The number of studies on social inequality in mortality in Norway before 1960 is limited and they often focus on early life outcomes. Little is known about socioeconomic differences in old-age mortality before the emergence of the welfare state. Linked census and church records from the Historical Population Register of Norway were used to study a sample of 10,457 men and women born 1841–1870 who lived in Troms, a province in northern Norway, in the early twentieth century. We analysed the association between social class, measured in adulthood, and mortality at age 60 and older using Cox proportional hazards models. The results do not indicate a clear social gradient in mortality. Differences between social classes varied in the magnitude and direction of effects, depending on gender and place of residence. For women, the association between social class and mortality was weaker overall. Only farming was significantly associated with decreased mortality risk compared to the group of lower-skilled and unskilled workers. Differences were more pronounced among men, with higher mortality for non-manual classes in towns, and lower mortality for skilled workers and farmers in rural areas. The advantage for farmers was amplified in combination with manual or non-manual work.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 153-170
Issue: 2
Volume: 72
Year: 2024
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2023.2255599
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2023.2255599
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:72:y:2024:i:2:p:153-170



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# input file: SEHR_A_2130975_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Markus Lampe
Author-X-Name-First: Markus
Author-X-Name-Last: Lampe
Title: Vejen til velstand: Marked, stat og utopi, Vol. II: Hvorvor blev Danmark rigt – og ikke rigere? Tiden 1850–1930
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 175-177
Issue: 2
Volume: 72
Year: 2024
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2022.2130975
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2022.2130975
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:72:y:2024:i:2:p:175-177



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# input file: SEHR_A_2193193_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Nina Trige Andersen
Author-X-Name-First: Nina Trige
Author-X-Name-Last: Andersen
Author-Name: Ragnheiður Kristjánsdóttir
Author-X-Name-First: Ragnheiður
Author-X-Name-Last: Kristjánsdóttir
Author-Name: Silke Neunsinger
Author-X-Name-First: Silke
Author-X-Name-Last: Neunsinger
Author-Name: Pete Pesonen
Author-X-Name-First: Pete
Author-X-Name-Last: Pesonen
Author-Name: Vilhelm Vilhelmsson
Author-X-Name-First: Vilhelm
Author-X-Name-Last: Vilhelmsson
Author-Name: Hanne Østhus
Author-X-Name-First: Hanne
Author-X-Name-Last: Østhus
Title: Longer, broader, deeper, and more personal – the renewal of labour history in the Nordic countries
Abstract: 
 This article deals with the recent developments of labour history in and about the Nordic countries. We identify patterns, problems and possibilities in these recent developments in the field – roughly within the last two decades. Our main source of analysis is the research presented and exchanged in the Nordic labour history journals, the Nordic Labour History Network, the labour history associations, the archives and libraries. We relate current trends to developments in European and Global labour history. We claim that the revival and expansion of Nordic labour history must also be understood through its exchange with labour history outside the Nordic sphere and with other disciplines and research fields. The expansion of the field occurred through increased attention and sensitivity to the specificities of various forms of labour, the lived lives of those who work, the places in which work takes place, the various ways in which workers form collective practices and structures, and how they understand themselves in relation to as well as within and outside the parties and institutions that organise and claim to represent workers and labour interests.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 109-125
Issue: 2
Volume: 72
Year: 2024
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2023.2193193
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2023.2193193
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:72:y:2024:i:2:p:109-125



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# input file: SEHR_A_2170459_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Saska Heino
Author-X-Name-First: Saska
Author-X-Name-Last: Heino
Title: Taxation and inequality: A revisionary study of changing income inequality in Finland, 1961–2005
Abstract: 
 Income inequality rose rapidly in Finland in the late 1990s and early 2000s. The prevailing discourse attributes this increase to a major tax reform in 1993. However, using time-series analysis and a novel profitability–pay-out metric, the present article argues that a correlation exists between profitability and the income share of the top 1 percent, the latter having been a driver of inequality. The article covers a 45-year period during which profitability and inequality first declined and then rose. The study demonstrates that while taxation has exerted an impact, profitability may also have been a fundamental factor behind changing inequality.
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 89-108
Issue: 2
Volume: 72
Year: 2024
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2023.2170459
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2023.2170459
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:72:y:2024:i:2:p:89-108



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# input file: SEHR_A_2130973_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Elisabeth Lindberg
Author-X-Name-First: Elisabeth
Author-X-Name-Last: Lindberg
Title: Markedsvendningen: Nyliberalismens historie i Norge
Journal: Scandinavian Economic History Review
Pages: 171-173
Issue: 2
Volume: 72
Year: 2024
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/03585522.2022.2130973
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03585522.2022.2130973
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Handle: RePEc:taf:sehrxx:v:72:y:2024:i:2:p:171-173