Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carlos Dionisio Pérez Blanco Author-X-Name-First: Carlos Dionisio Author-X-Name-Last: Pérez Blanco Author-Name: Carlos Mario Gómez Gómez Author-X-Name-First: Carlos Mario Author-X-Name-Last: Gómez Gómez Title: Designing optimum insurance schemes to reduce water overexploitation during drought events: a case study of La Campiña, Guadalquivir River Basin, Spain Abstract: In several arid and semi-arid Mediterranean basins, water deficits in irrigated agriculture during drought events are relieved by illegal abstractions from aquifers. Illegal abstractions are largely tolerated by the authorities and are regarded by farmers as a reliable and inexpensive form of insurance against drought. This framework of illegal abstractions is responsible for the structural water deficit that is characteristic of many Southern European regions. The situation is changing with the implementation of River Basin Management Plans and Drought Management Plans, which demand improvement in the quantitative and qualitative status of water bodies, improved surveillance of groundwater resources and more rigorous sanctions for illegal groundwater abstractions. However, these plans raise distribution and equity issues and may not be sufficient to stop illegal abstractions in certain areas. Provided that the new framework is properly enforced, private drought insurance has the potential to stabilise income levels and reduce the incentives for overexploitation during drought events. This paper develops a methodology to estimate the basic risk premium and the potential water savings of private drought insurance. This methodology is based on concatenated stochastic models (rainfall-stock), a decision model and agronomic production functions, and is illustrated through the application of the model in the La Campiña agricultural district in the Guadalquivir River Basin, Spain. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 1-15 Issue: 1 Volume: 2 Year: 2013 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2012.745232 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2012.745232 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:2:y:2013:i:1:p:1-15 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andreas Freytag Author-X-Name-First: Andreas Author-X-Name-Last: Freytag Author-Name: Christoph Vietze Author-X-Name-First: Christoph Author-X-Name-Last: Vietze Title: Can nature promote development? The role of sustainable tourism for economic growth Abstract: In this paper, we analyse whether biodiversity can enhance the developmental process in developing countries (DCs) by increasing tourism receipts in a trade-based endogenous growth framework. The model is based on the underlying assumption that a rich biodiversity provides a comparative advantage in sustainable tourism services. The empirical evidence shows that biodiversity while being significantly and positively correlated with inbound tourism receipts has no significant effect on tourist arrivals (mass tourism). This suggests that the biodiversity endowment of a very country is an important precondition for sustainable tourism. Moreover, we empirically show that specialising in sustainable tourism promotes economic growth. Therefore, a promising development strategy can rests on the investment into biodiversity which attracts high-budget tourists. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 16-44 Issue: 1 Volume: 2 Year: 2013 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2012.754611 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2012.754611 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:2:y:2013:i:1:p:16-44 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael Ahlheim Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Ahlheim Author-Name: Tobias Börger Author-X-Name-First: Tobias Author-X-Name-Last: Börger Author-Name: Oliver Frör Author-X-Name-First: Oliver Author-X-Name-Last: Frör Title: The effects of extrinsic incentives on respondent behaviour in contingent valuation studies Abstract: In contingent valuation studies to assess the economic value of environmental goods, respondents are often given small presents or money amounts at the beginning of the interview to compensate them for their time spent on the survey and to encourage them to be conscientious when answering the questions. Yet, it is still an open question whether this practice biases contingent valuation survey responses, especially stated willingness to pay (WTP) for the respective environmental good. This study employs a set of field experiments to investigate the effect of respondent incentives in the form of monetary and in-kind gifts on responses in a contingent valuation survey. It is analysed how these different kinds of incentives affect (1) respondents' diligence when answering contingent valuation method questions, (2) the likelihood of a respondent to state a positive WTP and (3) the amount of stated WTP. Results show that with respect to raising respondents' diligence in the survey interview, a moderate monetary incentive is most effective. The results regarding the effect on WTP statements are less clear. While the likelihood to state a positive WTP is increased by most incentives, mean WTP estimates are virtually unaffected. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 45-70 Issue: 1 Volume: 2 Year: 2013 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2012.754612 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2012.754612 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:2:y:2013:i:1:p:45-70 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maria Kopsakangas-Savolainen Author-X-Name-First: Maria Author-X-Name-Last: Kopsakangas-Savolainen Author-Name: Artti Juutinen Author-X-Name-First: Artti Author-X-Name-Last: Juutinen Title: Energy consumption and savings: A survey-based study of Finnish households Abstract: Energy has moved to the forefront in societal and economic development. Our homes and real estate are more and more dependent on electricity. In order to reach the full potential for new consumer-oriented market mechanisms and in order to fulfil climate policy targets we need more information on consumers' behaviour and attitudes towards energy. This paper uses a survey to examine the attitudes and behaviour of households' energy-related issues. The analytical framework used is based on ordered choice and probability models. The objective is to identify households' characteristics that affect energy consumption and savings, attitudes towards climate change and conservation of natural resources, and the importance of municipal energy-related issues. According to the results, the importance of reduction in electricity consumption is positively correlated with attitudes towards mitigation of climate change and importance of renewable energy. Heating system of residence, income, and gender affect attitude and behaviour. Interestingly, the higher the income the less important is electricity reduction. Women have changed their behaviour in order to reduce electricity consumption more than men. Utilising this information it is possible for society to build efficient mechanisms, such as real-time pricing, through which we can affect consumers' energy-related behaviour and give incentives for energy savings and efficiency. One interesting result is also that over 80% of the respondents view municipalities' energy efficiency as very important. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 71-92 Issue: 1 Volume: 2 Year: 2013 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2012.755758 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2012.755758 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:2:y:2013:i:1:p:71-92 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Scott G. Cole Author-X-Name-First: Scott G. Author-X-Name-Last: Cole Title: Equity over efficiency: a problem of credibility in scaling resource-based compensation? Abstract: Resource-based compensation aims to offset the public's welfare loss associated with environmental or resource injuries. Compensatory payments are frequently scaled using Equivalency Analysis (EA). EA's focus on ensuring equity in utility terms for the victim may lead to an inefficient outcome for society as it fails to incorporate the social opportunity cost of the compensatory payment. An alternative scaling approach based on Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) may better address the trade-offs facing society by considering the social marginal benefits of additional compensation, which may be a function of the cost of provision and the quality or quantity of existing resources. A simple numerical model illustrates differences in scaling approaches and underlying assumptions. In contrast to EA, CBA suggests that the optimal compensatory payment may be positive, zero or negative (i.e. additional damage should be allowed). EA need not lead to a decline in welfare if the environmental injury or the costs of compensation are marginal, or if policy makers have a particular welfare function in mind vis-a-vis the polluter. The lack of credible methods for pricing non-market resources may lead to a preference by policy makers for the equity-focused EA approach rather than one aiming for socially efficient outcomes. Both methods require inevitable value judgments to determine whether society is, in fact, 'no worse off' after compensation has been paid. EA seems in conflict with governments' otherwise increasing, but still limited use of environmental CBA to direct scarce conservation resources - in this case, collected from the polluter on the public's behalf - to a variety of environmental challenges. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 93-117 Issue: 1 Volume: 2 Year: 2013 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2013.764616 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2013.764616 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:2:y:2013:i:1:p:93-117 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David C. Kingsley Author-X-Name-First: David C. Author-X-Name-Last: Kingsley Author-Name: Thomas C. Brown Author-X-Name-First: Thomas C. Author-X-Name-Last: Brown Title: Estimating willingness to accept using paired comparison choice experiments: tests of robustness Abstract: Paired comparison (PC) choice experiments offer researchers and policy-makers an alternative nonmarket valuation method particularly apt when a ranking of the public's priorities across policy alternatives is paramount. Similar to contingent valuation, PC choice experiments estimate the total value associated with a specific environmental good or service. Similar to choice experiments, the questions posed to respondents are choices between alternatives. In contrast to both methods, respondents in PC choice experiments make choices between pairs of dissimilar alternatives including private goods, public goods, and monetary amounts. The alternatives may include competing policy alternatives, thus providing a ranking of the public's priorities among those alternatives. We investigate the robustness of estimated welfare measures to econometric modelling and choice set composition across two PC choice experiments. Results suggest that accounting for repeated observations increases the efficiency of welfare estimates but also reveals, contrary to previous research, sensitivity to choice set composition. Thus, while PC choice experiments may be advantageous in certain situations the results presented here suggest that further research is needed to better understand the sensitivities of the resulting welfare estimates. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 119-132 Issue: 2 Volume: 2 Year: 2013 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2013.775602 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2013.775602 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:2:y:2013:i:2:p:119-132 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bénédicte Rulleau Author-X-Name-First: Bénédicte Author-X-Name-Last: Rulleau Author-Name: Hélène Rey-Valette Author-X-Name-First: Hélène Author-X-Name-Last: Rey-Valette Title: Valuing the benefits of beach protection measures in the face of climate change: a French case-study Abstract: The objective of this article is to increase knowledge of the understanding, expectations, preferences and behaviour concerning beach functions and adaptation measures addressing increasing beach vulnerability due to climate change. Surveys were carried out on 881 full-time and secondary residents, tourists and day trippers affected by the maintenance and protection of beaches within a pilot zone in the French Mediterranean. A contingent valuation method was used, based on a scenario which put the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) hypotheses into context. Various questions elucidated uses and practices, perceptions of risk and preferences concerning management and allowed the estimation of willingness to pay. The latter showed the relative significance of perception variables compared to economic characteristics. Over and above perception differences between sub-populations, this finding is crucial for the development of adaptation policies. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 133-147 Issue: 2 Volume: 2 Year: 2013 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2013.776213 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2013.776213 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:2:y:2013:i:2:p:133-147 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Virpi Lehtoranta Author-X-Name-First: Virpi Author-X-Name-Last: Lehtoranta Author-Name: Elina Seppälä Author-X-Name-First: Elina Author-X-Name-Last: Seppälä Author-Name: Anna-Kaisa Kosenius Author-X-Name-First: Anna-Kaisa Author-X-Name-Last: Kosenius Title: Willingness to pay for water level regulation in Lake Pielinen, Finland Abstract: Water environments provide many benefits for humans. In Finland, thousands of inland lakes serve a very rich and important environment for many activities and a number of ecosystem services. These services can be threatened due to other human activities but also for natural reasons. The natural fluctuation of water level in Lake Pielinen, the largest non-regulated lake in Finland, damages occupational, recreational and housing possibilities. This paper focuses on the examination of the local households' attitudes, opinions and willingness to pay (WTP) for water level regulation at optimum level for recreational purposes in the summertime. The related economic benefits are analysed by applying the contingent valuation (CV) method. The logistic regression model and a variant of the Tobit model are used in the econometric analyses. The results show that WTP increases with higher income, youth, living near the shore, having a boat, being aware of the regulation plans and having no difficulties with the questions. The aggregate WTP of the local population is approximately EUR 0.24-0.44 million. The attitudinal results reveal a strong local interest in the regulation of Lake Pielinen. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 148-163 Issue: 2 Volume: 2 Year: 2013 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2013.764615 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2013.764615 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:2:y:2013:i:2:p:148-163 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carsten L. Jensen Author-X-Name-First: Carsten L. Author-X-Name-Last: Jensen Author-Name: Brian H. Jacobsen Author-X-Name-First: Brian H. Author-X-Name-Last: Jacobsen Author-Name: Søren B. Olsen Author-X-Name-First: Søren B. Author-X-Name-Last: Olsen Author-Name: Alex Dubgaard Author-X-Name-First: Alex Author-X-Name-Last: Dubgaard Author-Name: Berit Hasler Author-X-Name-First: Berit Author-X-Name-Last: Hasler Title: A practical CBA-based screening procedure for identification of river basins where the costs of fulfilling the WFD requirements may be disproportionate - applied to the case of Denmark Abstract: The European Union's (EU) Water Framework Directive (WFD) is implemented as an instrument to obtain good ecological status in waterbodies of Europe. The directive recognises the need to accommodate social and economic considerations to obtain cost-effective implementation of the directive. In particular, EU member states can apply for various exemptions from the objectives if costs are considered disproportionate, e.g. compared to potential benefits. This paper addresses the costs and benefits of achieving good ecological status and demonstrates a methodology designed to investigate disproportionate costs at the national level. Specifically, we propose to use a screening procedure based on a relatively conservative cost-benefit analysis (CBA) as a first step towards identifying areas where costs could be disproportionate. We provide an empirical example by applying the proposed screening procedure to a total of 23 river basin areas in Denmark where costs and benefits are estimated for each of the areas. The results suggest that costs could be disproportionate in several Danish river basins. The sensitivity analysis further helps to pinpoint two or three basins where we suggest that much more detailed and elaborate CBAs should be targeted in order to properly ascertain whether costs are indeed disproportionate. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 164-200 Issue: 2 Volume: 2 Year: 2013 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2013.785676 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2013.785676 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:2:y:2013:i:2:p:164-200 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alexandra Dehnhardt Author-X-Name-First: Alexandra Author-X-Name-Last: Dehnhardt Title: Decision-makers' attitudes towards economic valuation - a case study of German water management authorities Abstract: The EC Water Framework Directive and more explicitly the EC Marine Strategy Framework Directive has brought new requirements of integrating economic approaches into policy-making. The primary aim of the study is to gain a greater insight into the factors that might influence the use and acceptance of cost-benefit analysis (CBA) and economic valuation in water policy-making. In this context, particularly, attitudes towards economic valuation have been established as an explanatory factor. The paper presents results of an empirical survey among decision-makers in German water authorities. The study confirms that water-related decisions in Germany are still based primarily on budget costs, but also indicates a rather positive attitude towards economic valuation. The results suggest that conceptual issues are considered as most important, whereas resource constraints are not predominantly regarded as important obstacles for the application of CBA in the administrative context. Furthermore, an exploratory factor analysis derived three 'latent' variables that are related to (i) the usefulness of CBA as a decision-support tool, (ii) the administrative feasibility, and (iii) the policy-makers' goals and interest potentially affected by the use of CBA. The results of an OLS regression model suggest that particularly the institutional affiliation has a significant influence on the attitudes. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 201-221 Issue: 2 Volume: 2 Year: 2013 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2013.766483 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2013.766483 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:2:y:2013:i:2:p:201-221 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alberto M. Zanni Author-X-Name-First: Alberto M. Author-X-Name-Last: Zanni Author-Name: Abigail L. Bristow Author-X-Name-First: Abigail L. Author-X-Name-Last: Bristow Author-Name: Mark Wardman Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Wardman Title: The potential behavioural effect of personal carbon trading: results from an experimental survey Abstract: This paper contributes to the debate on the effectiveness of carbon trading schemes when contrasted with carbon taxes in reducing environmental externalities. An experimental survey explored individual's behavioural response to a personal carbon trading (PCT) scheme or a carbon tax (CT), both affecting personal transport and domestic energy choices. Responses were two-staged: first, whether to change behaviour or not, and second, how much to change. Results from the first stage indicate that those on high incomes and car users were less likely to change their behaviour, while those who had already changed their behaviour due to concern about climate change, lived in larger households or faced the CT were more likely to change. The second stage revealed fewer significant effects, the impact of already changing behaviour persisted and, in this case, those who faced PCT were likely to make greater changes. Both schemes appear to be capable of reducing individual carbon consumption; however, the evidence on the effectiveness of a PCT relative to a simpler CT is mixed and insufficient to make a strong case for such a complex scheme over a more straightforward tax. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 222-243 Issue: 2 Volume: 2 Year: 2013 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2013.782471 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2013.782471 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:2:y:2013:i:2:p:222-243 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eleni Fimereli Author-X-Name-First: Eleni Author-X-Name-Last: Fimereli Author-Name: Susana Mourato Author-X-Name-First: Susana Author-X-Name-Last: Mourato Title: Assessing the effect of energy technology labels on preferences Abstract: This paper investigates the effect of using labelled versus generic unlabelled alternatives in choice experiments (CEs) in the case of a multidimensional environmental good (power generation) that is often associated with strong prior beliefs and emotions. Specifically, it assesses the effect of naming selected low-carbon energy technologies on the underlying choices, the implicit prices for the technology attributes and the total economic values attached to their environmental benefits. Our findings are only mildly suggestive of a labelling effect where respondents employ different processing strategies when confronted with labels, focusing principally on the label and/or considering attributes differently. In the case of power generation, the use of labelled alternatives led to significantly different estimated attribute parameters; in contrast, most implicit prices remained undistinguishable and computed welfare measures were found to be statistically equivalent. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 245-265 Issue: 3 Volume: 2 Year: 2013 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2013.801183 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2013.801183 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:2:y:2013:i:3:p:245-265 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yong Jiang Author-X-Name-First: Yong Author-X-Name-Last: Jiang Author-Name: Won W. Koo Author-X-Name-First: Won W. Author-X-Name-Last: Koo Title: Estimating regional agricultural supply of greenhouse gas abatements by land-based biological carbon sequestration: a Bayesian sampling-based simulation approach Abstract: In this study, we develop a sampling-based simulation approach for estimating regional agricultural supply of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission abatements by land-based biological carbon sequestration. We explicitly consider producer behaviour in a market setting that would pay for carbon sequestration depending on current land use and management, target practice to be adopted and spatial location. We construct a behaviour model in the benefit-cost framework to characterise producer decision in relation to preferences and production attributes. We combine the Markov Chain Monte Carlo technique and choice modelling in a Bayesian setting to develop an empirical procedure that may be calibrated by observed producer behaviour and agricultural census data and that can simulate regional agricultural carbon sequestration by sampling individual preferences and production attributes. An empirical application of our approach depicts potential agricultural supply of GHG abatements by carbon sequestration in a production region in the USA. This approach is flexible to be applied to different regions with minimum information requirement while accounting for spatial heterogeneity of both preferences and production. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 266-287 Issue: 3 Volume: 2 Year: 2013 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2013.806041 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2013.806041 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:2:y:2013:i:3:p:266-287 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sarah Al Doyaili Author-X-Name-First: Sarah Author-X-Name-Last: Al Doyaili Author-Name: Leo Wangler Author-X-Name-First: Leo Author-X-Name-Last: Wangler Title: International climate policy: does it matter? An empirical assessment Abstract: This paper is about the impact of international climate policy on greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction. We focus on the time before the official GHG emission reduction phase according to Kyoto (before 2008) and the hard and soft law elements of the agreement. We find that expectations on future GHG emission reduction had significant impacts on climate policies by studying the relationship between GHG emission reduction and stages of the Kyoto Protocol process (signing, ratification, entry into force). This observation applies to Annex I and non-Annex I countries. Moreover, approaching ratification, the initially observed difference between both country groups becomes less significant. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 288-302 Issue: 3 Volume: 2 Year: 2013 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2013.812527 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2013.812527 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:2:y:2013:i:3:p:288-302 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ram Ranjan Author-X-Name-First: Ram Author-X-Name-Last: Ranjan Title: The role of credit in enhancing drought resilience in agriculture Abstract: Credit constraints can undermine livelihood sustenance strategies of farmers faced with prolonged droughts. Marginal farmers with low wealth endowments could be especially vulnerable. The model developed in this paper explores the role of credit in enhancing long-term drought resilience. When repeated droughts increase reliance upon groundwater resources, credit availability may promote or undermine groundwater sustainability. Timely availability of credit can be used for water-saving technology adoption and towards maintaining minimum consumption levels during drought years. It is demonstrated here that high costs of credit coupled with a high risk of repeated droughts occurring in the future could be detrimental to groundwater sustainability. This is counter to the earlier findings in the literature that cheap credit could be damaging to groundwater sustainability. The duration to credit maturity also has a bearing on farmers' groundwater extraction strategies and hence there could be a role for credit granting financial institutions in influencing sustainable outcomes. Specifically, medium-term loans have a better effect on groundwater sustainability as compared to long-term loans. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 303-327 Issue: 3 Volume: 2 Year: 2013 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2013.827591 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2013.827591 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:2:y:2013:i:3:p:303-327 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lotte Ovaere Author-X-Name-First: Lotte Author-X-Name-Last: Ovaere Author-Name: Stef Proost Author-X-Name-First: Stef Author-X-Name-Last: Proost Author-Name: Sandra Rousseau Author-X-Name-First: Sandra Author-X-Name-Last: Rousseau Title: The choice of environmental regulatory enforcement by lobby groups Abstract: Across countries and regions, we observe wide variations in the level of enforcement instruments (fines and inspections) that are used to reach compliance with environmental regulations. In this paper, we study whether the differences in enforcement policies can be justified from an efficiency perspective, and if not, whether they favour the interests of certain lobby groups. We develop a theoretical model to derive the preferred enforcement policy, which is characterised from a global efficiency point of view and also from the point of view of different interest groups. Also, we explicitly allow for a non-linear deterrence effect of fines. We find that, despite the regulatory costs, green interest groups generally favour more stringent enforcement strategies with high fines and high inspection frequencies, while brown interest groups prefer laxer enforcement strategies. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 328-347 Issue: 3 Volume: 2 Year: 2013 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2013.836136 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2013.836136 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:2:y:2013:i:3:p:328-347 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Julia Blasch Author-X-Name-First: Julia Author-X-Name-Last: Blasch Author-Name: Mehdi Farsi Author-X-Name-First: Mehdi Author-X-Name-Last: Farsi Title: Context effects and heterogeneity in voluntary carbon offsetting - a choice experiment in Switzerland Abstract: Voluntary carbon offsets allow individuals to neutralise the CO emissions from their consumption. In a choice experiment among more than a thousand Swiss consumers, we analyse how the propensity to offset varies with consumption contexts and offset project attributes. The adopted latent class model accounts for heterogeneity in consumers' preferences and in their motivations to buy carbon offsets. We find that consumers are not only responsive to project type and quality aspects - such as government certification - but also to the consumption context. Our results suggest that carbon offsets are perceived as differentiated rather than homogeneous goods. Estimating a single willingness to pay measure for offsets, as previous studies have done, may thus be misleading. To complement our analysis, we provide a characterisation of offset customers as well as insights into the relationship between carbon offsetting and other voluntary mitigation behaviour. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 1-24 Issue: 1 Volume: 3 Year: 2014 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2013.842938 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2013.842938 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:3:y:2014:i:1:p:1-24 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nils Chr. Framstad Author-X-Name-First: Nils Chr. Author-X-Name-Last: Framstad Title: When can the environmental profile and emissions reduction be optimised independently of the pollutant level? Abstract: Consider a model for optimal timing of a policy measure which changes the emission rate, e.g. trading off the cost of reduction against the time-additive aggregate of environmental damage, the disutility from the pollutant stock the infrastructure contributes to. Intuitively, the optimal timing for an infinitesimal pollution source should reasonably not depend on its historical contribution to the stock, as this is negligible. Dropping the size assumption, we show how to reduce the minimisation problem to one not depending on the history of , under linear evolution and suitable linearity or additivity conditions on the damage functional. We employ a functional analysis framework which allows for delay equations, non-Markovian driving noise, a choice between discrete and continuous time, and a menu of integral concepts covering stochastic calculi less frequently used in resource and environmental economics. Examples are given under the common (Markovian Itô) stochastic analysis framework. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 25-45 Issue: 1 Volume: 3 Year: 2014 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2013.856353 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2013.856353 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:3:y:2014:i:1:p:25-45 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ivana Logar Author-X-Name-First: Ivana Author-X-Name-Last: Logar Author-Name: Jeroen C.J.M. van den Bergh Author-X-Name-First: Jeroen C.J.M. Author-X-Name-Last: van den Bergh Title: Economic valuation of preventing beach erosion: comparing existing and non-existing beach markets with stated and revealed preferences Abstract: Predicted climate change is likely to increase beach erosion in the future, inducing higher costs of beach maintenance. Hence, additional funds for their protection will be required. We examine the willingness to pay (WTP) of beach visitors for preventing beach erosion in the form of daily beach entrance fees in Crikvenica, Croatia, by applying the contingent valuation method. This is the first beach valuation study for this country in transition which has emerged as an important Mediterranean tourist destination. The novelty of our study is that it compares WTP estimates for an existing and a non-existing beach market. This is done by conducting a survey at the beach where an entrance fee is already levied and at the nearest open-access beach. Based on the initial (follow-up) valuation question, the stated WTP per adult per day for avoiding beach erosion equals €1.69 (€1.26) for the paid beach and €2.08 (€1.84) for the free beach. In addition, the travel cost method is employed. It reveals that consumer surpluses for visiting the paid and the free beach amount to €2.57 and €1.74, respectively. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 46-66 Issue: 1 Volume: 3 Year: 2014 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2013.863742 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2013.863742 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:3:y:2014:i:1:p:46-66 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Olivier Chanel Author-X-Name-First: Olivier Author-X-Name-Last: Chanel Author-Name: Stéphane Luchini Author-X-Name-First: Stéphane Author-X-Name-Last: Luchini Title: Monetary values for risk of death from air pollution exposure: a context-dependent scenario with a control for intra-familial altruism Abstract: We extend the individual dynamic model of lifetime resource allocation to assess the monetary value given to the increase in survival probabilities for every member of a household induced by improved air quality. We interpret this monetary value as VPF (value of a prevented fatality), which can also be expressed as a flow of discounted VOLY (value of life years) lost, and account for potential altruism towards other household members. We use a French air pollution contingent valuation survey that provides a description of the life-length reduction implied by a change in air pollution exposure. By privatising the public commodity air pollution, we succeed in ruling out any form of altruism (towards others living today and towards future generations) except altruism towards one's family. We estimate a mean VOLY of €2001140,000, a 30% premium for VOLY in perfect health w.r.t. average expected health status, and a mean VPF of €20011.45 million for the respondent, all context-specific. In addition, we find an inverted U-shaped relationship between his/her age and VOLY/VPF, and significant benevolence only towards children under 18. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 67-91 Issue: 1 Volume: 3 Year: 2014 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2013.863743 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2013.863743 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:3:y:2014:i:1:p:67-91 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Piia Aatola Author-X-Name-First: Piia Author-X-Name-Last: Aatola Author-Name: Kimmo Ollikka Author-X-Name-First: Kimmo Author-X-Name-Last: Ollikka Author-Name: Markku Ollikainen Author-X-Name-First: Markku Author-X-Name-Last: Ollikainen Title: Informational efficiency of the EU ETS market - a study of price predictability and profitable trading Abstract: We study the informational efficiency of the European Emissions Trading Scheme, EU ETS market, by simulating the trading in this emerging market. If the market is efficient, profitable trading should only exist locally in time. We adopt the Timmermann and Granger (2004) definition of efficiency and run a large set of econometric, technical analysis and combined models to forecast the emissions allowance price changes. These forecasts are then used as trading signals in the trading simulation. We find that the combined models outperform the other models in forecasting ability. Trading simulation based on models combining time series and technical analysis trading rules shows that there have been possibilities for profitable trading in the EU ETS market during the study period of 2008-2010. This suggests that the EU ETS market shows periods with no informational efficiency. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 92-123 Issue: 1 Volume: 3 Year: 2014 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2013.865569 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2013.865569 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:3:y:2014:i:1:p:92-123 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jarod Dunn Author-X-Name-First: Jarod Author-X-Name-Last: Dunn Author-Name: Arthur J. Caplan Author-X-Name-First: Arthur J. Author-X-Name-Last: Caplan Author-Name: Ryan Bosworth Author-X-Name-First: Ryan Author-X-Name-Last: Bosworth Title: Measuring the value of plastic and reusable grocery bags Abstract: Using data from an online survey of grocery store customers in Logan, Utah, we estimate willingness to pay (WTP) for continued use of plastic grocery bags, and willingness to accept (WTA) for switching to reusable grocery bags. We find evidence to suggest that, on average, individuals have a greater aversion to plastic-bag taxes than an affinity for reusable-bag subsidies. All else equal, older and lower-to-middle-income individuals, as well as larger-sized households, are more likely to switch to using reusable bags exclusively when faced with a tax on plastic bags. Lower-to-middle-income individuals, as well as women in general, are more likely to switch away from using plastic bags when provided with a subsidy for reusable bags. Our results help quantify the extent to which plastic-bag taxation and reusable-bag subsidisation might induce shoppers to switch from plastic to reusable bags for their grocery trips. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 125-147 Issue: 2 Volume: 3 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2013.870052 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2013.870052 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:3:y:2014:i:2:p:125-147 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jurate Jaraite Author-X-Name-First: Jurate Author-X-Name-Last: Jaraite Author-Name: Andrius Kazukauskas Author-X-Name-First: Andrius Author-X-Name-Last: Kazukauskas Author-Name: Tommy Lundgren Author-X-Name-First: Tommy Author-X-Name-Last: Lundgren Title: The effects of climate policy on environmental expenditure and investment: evidence from Sweden Abstract: This study provides new evidence on the determinants of environmental expenditure and investment. In particular, it investigates how environmental expenditure and investment of Swedish industrial firms responded to climate policies, such as the European Union's Emission Trading System (EU ETS) and the Swedish CO2 tax, directed to mitigate air pollution. Overall, an important conclusion of this analysis is that climate policies, both on the national and international levels, were highly relevant motivations for firm environmental expenditure. However, the findings do not support the expectations that the EU ETS and the Swedish CO2 tax encouraged investment in air pollution abatement. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 148-166 Issue: 2 Volume: 3 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2013.875948 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2013.875948 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:3:y:2014:i:2:p:148-166 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Edward B. Barbier Author-X-Name-First: Edward B. Author-X-Name-Last: Barbier Author-Name: Brian S. Enchelmeyer Author-X-Name-First: Brian S. Author-X-Name-Last: Enchelmeyer Title: Valuing the storm surge protection service of US Gulf Coast wetlands Abstract: Current plans for US Gulf Coast wetland restoration assume that wetlands can save lives and property by reducing storm surges. However, there have been few economic valuations of this benefit for Gulf Coast wetlands. We develop a methodology for estimating the value of wetlands in reducing expected property damages from hurricane flooding that relates damages to the distribution of storm events and incorporates both the wetland characteristics of wave attenuation and offshore storm surge properties. We apply this methodology to value the storm surge protection service of coastal marshes, in terms of reducing expected property damages, along the path of a storm south-east Louisiana, which includes New Orleans. We conclude by discussing the implications of this analysis for further research on the economic value of wetlands in protecting coastal property and for restoration policy. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 167-185 Issue: 2 Volume: 3 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2013.876370 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2013.876370 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:3:y:2014:i:2:p:167-185 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pierre-Alexandre Mahieu Author-X-Name-First: Pierre-Alexandre Author-X-Name-Last: Mahieu Author-Name: Pere Riera Author-X-Name-First: Pere Author-X-Name-Last: Riera Author-Name: Bengt Kriström Author-X-Name-First: Bengt Author-X-Name-Last: Kriström Author-Name: Runar Brännlund Author-X-Name-First: Runar Author-X-Name-Last: Brännlund Author-Name: Marek Giergiczny Author-X-Name-First: Marek Author-X-Name-Last: Giergiczny Title: Exploring the determinants of uncertainty in contingent valuation surveys Abstract: This paper uses the interval data model to explore the determinants of uncertainty in two-way payment ladder and in multiple-bounded uncertainty choice surveys. It estimates the uncertainty function that relates the size of the willingness-to-pay range to explanatory variables, where one of them is a proxy of the actual willingness-to-pay. The combination of the interval data model and the inclusion of the proxy variable present some advantages over the ordinary least square estimations currently used in the literature. In particular, it reduces the risk of the omitted variable bias and it takes into account that the dependent variable is not fully observed. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 186-200 Issue: 2 Volume: 3 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2013.876941 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2013.876941 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:3:y:2014:i:2:p:186-200 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eleftherios Giovanis Author-X-Name-First: Eleftherios Author-X-Name-Last: Giovanis Title: Relationship between well-being and recycling rates: evidence from life satisfaction approach in Britain Abstract: This study explores the relationship between self-reported well-being and recycling rates. The estimates are based on Britain using data from the British Household Panel Survey. The effects of recycling rates on individuals' happiness are estimated. Two approaches are followed. The first approach refers to panel probit-ordinary least squares (OLS). The second approach is the latent class generalised ordered probit. The results support that a significant positive relationship between self-reported well-being and recycling is presented. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 201-214 Issue: 2 Volume: 3 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.883941 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2014.883941 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:3:y:2014:i:2:p:201-214 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anja Weber Author-X-Name-First: Anja Author-X-Name-Last: Weber Title: Does transaction costs expense create transaction gains for farmers participating in an agri-environmental scheme? Abstract: Participating in agri-environmental schemes (AES) induces transaction costs for farmers, originating from time and money spent on tasks related to participation. High transaction costs may inhibit scheme participation, which would endanger the environmental goals aspired. To date, farmers' transaction costs have been investigated from a cost-minimising perspective, implying fixed gains from participation. Nonetheless, participation contracts may contain negotiable parts. In such a case, especially, cost-constituting tasks undertaken by farmers' own attempts could serve gain-maximising: Farmers can utilise additional information to increase their transactional gain, namely the payment. This paper addresses this question by investigating transaction costs of farmers participating in a site-specific grassland extensification scheme in Hesse, Germany, which contains negotiable features. Upon insights from information economics and transaction cost economics, the study discusses possible gains and tests the impact of farm and scheme-related features on both absolute and relative transaction costs, the latter conceptualised as payment/total transaction costs ratio. Results reveal that a higher transaction costs expense goes in line with a lower payment/transaction costs ratio; however, higher transaction costs expense predominates for particular farms features indicating dependency on AES income. Thus, voluntary transaction cost expenses seem to serve as a safeguard for securing participation-related income. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 215-236 Issue: 2 Volume: 3 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.886530 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2014.886530 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:3:y:2014:i:2:p:215-236 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rachel M. Bristol Author-X-Name-First: Rachel M. Author-X-Name-Last: Bristol Author-Name: Iain Fraser Author-X-Name-First: Iain Author-X-Name-Last: Fraser Author-Name: Jim J. Groombridge Author-X-Name-First: Jim J. Author-X-Name-Last: Groombridge Author-Name: Diogo Veríssimo Author-X-Name-First: Diogo Author-X-Name-Last: Veríssimo Title: An economic analysis of species conservation and translocation for island communities: the Seychelles paradise flycatchers as a case study Abstract: In this paper we introduce a methodology for assessing the economic justification for translocation-conservation programmes for critically endangered species. We demonstrate our methodology by presenting an economic analysis of the critically endangered Seychelles paradise flycatcher (Terpsiphone corvina) (hereafter SPF). To do this we first estimated the critical amenity value of the forest that currently supports the SPF. Results support the maintenance of the forest, which in turn implies that the existing population of SPF needs to be protected so as to achieve species conservation objectives. Next we conducted a benefit-cost analysis of the translocation, showing that the development of a second population yields net economic benefits. By employing the methodology presented we can conclude that our analysis indicates that current conservation and translocation actions to support the SPF are economically justified. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 237-252 Issue: 3 Volume: 3 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.886531 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2014.886531 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:3:y:2014:i:3:p:237-252 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Godwin Kofi Vondolia Author-X-Name-First: Godwin Kofi Author-X-Name-Last: Vondolia Author-Name: Håkan Eggert Author-X-Name-First: Håkan Author-X-Name-Last: Eggert Author-Name: Ståle Navrud Author-X-Name-First: Ståle Author-X-Name-Last: Navrud Author-Name: Jesper Stage Author-X-Name-First: Jesper Author-X-Name-Last: Stage Title: What do respondents bring to contingent valuation? A comparison of monetary and labour payment vehicles Abstract: In the contingent valuation method, both the goods being valued and the payment vehicles used to value them are mostly hypothetical. However, although numerous studies have examined the impact of experience with the good on the willingness to pay, less attention has been given to experience with the payment vehicles. This paper examines how experience with payment vehicles influence responses to a contingent valuation scenario on maintaining irrigation canals in a developing country. Specifically, the paper uses a split-sample survey to investigate the effects of experience with monetary and labour payment vehicles on the acceptance of a contingent valuation scenario, protest bids and mean willingness to pay. Using convergent validity tests, we found that the experience acquired from using both monetary and labour payment vehicles reduces the asymmetries in acceptance rates. These findings suggest that experience with payment vehicles reduces time/money response asymmetries in the contingent valuation method. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 253-267 Issue: 3 Volume: 3 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.892034 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2014.892034 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:3:y:2014:i:3:p:253-267 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Douglas Auld Author-X-Name-First: Douglas Author-X-Name-Last: Auld Author-Name: Michael Hoy Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Hoy Title: An economic model of Adopt-a-Highway programmes Abstract: In many jurisdictions around the world there occurs a phenomenon that is not only unique but defies a simple explanation. This activity involves the private provision of a public good by individuals, acting in groups, in response to the illegal actions of other individuals. This private provision of a public good involves cleaning litter from roads and highways and manifests itself through an 'Adopt-a-Highway' or road programme sanctioned by local, state, provincial and even national governments. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate that there is a rational economic framework to explain the illegal activity of dumping waste on a roadside and the response by those who participate in an Adopt-a-Highway programme. Our model provides a starting point for considering policies which might enhance the formation and effectiveness of this volunteer activity. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 268-277 Issue: 3 Volume: 3 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.899166 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2014.899166 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:3:y:2014:i:3:p:268-277 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Heini Ahtiainen Author-X-Name-First: Heini Author-X-Name-Last: Ahtiainen Author-Name: Janne Artell Author-X-Name-First: Janne Author-X-Name-Last: Artell Author-Name: Mikołaj Czajkowski Author-X-Name-First: Mikołaj Author-X-Name-Last: Czajkowski Author-Name: Berit Hasler Author-X-Name-First: Berit Author-X-Name-Last: Hasler Author-Name: Linus Hasselström Author-X-Name-First: Linus Author-X-Name-Last: Hasselström Author-Name: Anni Huhtala Author-X-Name-First: Anni Author-X-Name-Last: Huhtala Author-Name: Jürgen Meyerhoff Author-X-Name-First: Jürgen Author-X-Name-Last: Meyerhoff Author-Name: James C.R. Smart Author-X-Name-First: James C.R. Author-X-Name-Last: Smart Author-Name: Tore Söderqvist Author-X-Name-First: Tore Author-X-Name-Last: Söderqvist Author-Name: Mohammed H. Alemu Author-X-Name-First: Mohammed H. Author-X-Name-Last: Alemu Author-Name: Daija Angeli Author-X-Name-First: Daija Author-X-Name-Last: Angeli Author-Name: Kim Dahlbo Author-X-Name-First: Kim Author-X-Name-Last: Dahlbo Author-Name: Vivi Fleming-Lehtinen Author-X-Name-First: Vivi Author-X-Name-Last: Fleming-Lehtinen Author-Name: Kari Hyytiäinen Author-X-Name-First: Kari Author-X-Name-Last: Hyytiäinen Author-Name: Aljona Karlõševa Author-X-Name-First: Aljona Author-X-Name-Last: Karlõševa Author-Name: Yulia Khaleeva Author-X-Name-First: Yulia Author-X-Name-Last: Khaleeva Author-Name: Marie Maar Author-X-Name-First: Marie Author-X-Name-Last: Maar Author-Name: Louise Martinsen Author-X-Name-First: Louise Author-X-Name-Last: Martinsen Author-Name: Tea Nõmmann Author-X-Name-First: Tea Author-X-Name-Last: Nõmmann Author-Name: Kristine Pakalniete Author-X-Name-First: Kristine Author-X-Name-Last: Pakalniete Author-Name: Ieva Oskolokaite Author-X-Name-First: Ieva Author-X-Name-Last: Oskolokaite Author-Name: Daiva Semeniene Author-X-Name-First: Daiva Author-X-Name-Last: Semeniene Title: Benefits of meeting nutrient reduction targets for the Baltic Sea - a contingent valuation study in the nine coastal states Abstract: This paper presents the results of an internationally coordinated contingent valuation study on the benefits of reducing marine eutrophication in the Baltic Sea according to current policy targets. With over 10,500 respondents from the nine coastal states around the sea, we examine public willingness to pay (WTP) for reduced eutrophication and its determinants. There are considerable differences in mean WTP between countries, with Swedes being willing to pay the most and Latvians the least. The aggregate annual WTP is approximately €3600 million. In addition, we find that countries are heterogeneous in terms of the effects of income, attitudes and familiarity on WTP. Income elasticities of WTP are below 1 for all countries, ranging between 0.1 and 0.5. Attitudes and personal experience of eutrophication are important determinants of WTP, but the specific effects differ between countries. The findings can be used in economic analyses for the European Union (EU) Marine Strategy Framework Directive and to justify additional eutrophication reduction measures in the Baltic Sea. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 278-305 Issue: 3 Volume: 3 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.901923 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2014.901923 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:3:y:2014:i:3:p:278-305 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Johane Dikgang Author-X-Name-First: Johane Author-X-Name-Last: Dikgang Author-Name: Edwin Muchapondwa Author-X-Name-First: Edwin Author-X-Name-Last: Muchapondwa Title: The economic valuation of nature-based tourism in the South African Kgalagadi area and implications for the Khomani San 'bushmen' community Abstract: The economic importance of the various attributes of dryland nature-based tourism in the Kgalagadi area is generally unknown, as is the distribution of benefits from such tourism. This study seeks to value selected attributes of nature-based tourism in the Kgalagadi area by applying the choice experiment technique and then assessing the potential for nature-based tourism to contribute to the Khomani San 'bushmen' livelihoods through a payment for ecosystem services scheme. The values placed on the attributes by park visitors are estimated using the conditional logit and random parameter logit models. The visitors prefer more pristine recreational opportunities, increased chances of seeing predators and disapprove of granting the local Khomani San communities access to grazing opportunities inside the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park. Notably, the marginal willingness to pay for pristine recreational opportunities across all models ranging from R76.96 (US$9.08) to R177.08 (US$20.88) per trip depending on the type of restrictions imposed. Given that previous studies report that the Khomani San are willing to accept reasonable compensation for relevant resource-use restrictions, there is scope for a payment for ecosystem services scheme where visitors could be charged additional park entry fees sufficient to compensate the local communities to accept a restriction of natural resource use in the Kgalagadi area. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 306-322 Issue: 3 Volume: 3 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.912594 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2014.912594 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:3:y:2014:i:3:p:306-322 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xavier Garcia Author-X-Name-First: Xavier Author-X-Name-Last: Garcia Title: The value of rehabilitating urban rivers: the Yarqon River (Israel) Abstract: Rehabilitating the good ecological status of rivers in urban catchments can represent a wise decision since it can enhance the provision of valuable ecosystem services, such as aesthetic appreciation. The higher prices of houses located closer to rivers are a reflection of the willingness of households to pay for access to such service. The main objective of this study was to apply a hedonic pricing analysis to estimate the benefits generated by this ecosystem service due to the rehabilitation of the Yarqon River in Israel. During the last two decades, several projects and actions, such as the discharge of tertiary-quality effluents, have increased the quantity and quality of the river's water and improved its ecological state. Using a sample of 883 houses in the Tel-Aviv Metropolitan Area and selecting a mixed log-level functional form (R-super-2 = 0.808), it was found that an increase of 1% in the distance to the Yarqon caused a 0.12% decrease in the price of a house. Finally, benefits are estimated and compared with the rehabilitation costs, showing that, even if no other ecosystem services are considered, the rehabilitation can prove to be beneficial to society. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 323-339 Issue: 3 Volume: 3 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.923338 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2014.923338 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:3:y:2014:i:3:p:323-339 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rolando Fuentes-Bracamontes Author-X-Name-First: Rolando Author-X-Name-Last: Fuentes-Bracamontes Title: Can electricity reform help Mexico achieve carbon emission reductions? Abstract: The energy sector is both a significant contributor to the problem of climate change and a critical factor in efforts to tackle it. With the use of a tailor-made system dynamics model, we aim to learn if the liberalisation of the power sector that has been proposed by recent changes to the Constitution in Mexico can lead to lower carbon emissions. This is in line with ecological modernisation's main claim that win-win opportunities may occur with the restructuring of the economy. However, our hypothesis is that it is not the simple liberalisation of the electricity markets which would bring environmental benefits, but some country-specific set of policies. One of our main findings is that a full liberalisation scenario would lead to higher carbon emissions as a consequence of an increase in coal capacity. But when compared to the initial emission rate prior to the reform and other reform scenarios, this policy could bring about decreases in carbon emissions. Combining a climate change instrument, such as a carbon tax, with the liberalisation process is effective at reducing carbon emissions further, but expensive in terms of power price hikes, and unnecessary if proper reform settings are put in place. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 340-358 Issue: 3 Volume: 3 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.931827 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2014.931827 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:3:y:2014:i:3:p:340-358 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Claudia Kettner Author-X-Name-First: Claudia Author-X-Name-Last: Kettner Author-Name: Daniela Kletzan-Slamanig Author-X-Name-First: Daniela Author-X-Name-Last: Kletzan-Slamanig Author-Name: Angela Köppl Author-X-Name-First: Angela Author-X-Name-Last: Köppl Title: The EU Emission Trading Scheme: sectoral allocation and factors determining emission changes Abstract: The European Union (EU) Emission Trading Scheme that covers 50% of EU greenhouse gas emissions is the biggest cap-and-trade scheme worldwide. In this article, for three emission-intensive sectors ('power and heat', 'cement and lime' and 'pulp and paper') allocation caps, emission developments and the main emission drivers are analysed. In order to assess what drives emissions and whether emission-saving actions were taken since 2005, a decomposition approach is applied. The analysis reveals pronounced sectoral disparities indicating some emission-reducing activities since 2005; for 'electricity and heat' and 'pulp and paper', these, however, do not deviate from the long-term trend prior to the introduction of the scheme. The occurrence of low CO2 prices emphasises the need for adaptation towards a more effective system. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 1-14 Issue: 1 Volume: 4 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.948492 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2014.948492 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:4:y:2015:i:1:p:1-14 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marieke Franck Author-X-Name-First: Marieke Author-X-Name-Last: Franck Author-Name: Johan Eyckmans Author-X-Name-First: Johan Author-X-Name-Last: Eyckmans Author-Name: Simon De Jaeger Author-X-Name-First: Simon Author-X-Name-Last: De Jaeger Author-Name: Sandra Rousseau Author-X-Name-First: Sandra Author-X-Name-Last: Rousseau Title: Comparing the impact of road noise on property prices in two separated markets Abstract: In this paper, we empirically test the stability of valuation estimates of road traffic noise based on house prices. A hedonic valuation model is constructed and estimated for two separate housing markets in Belgium. We estimate noise depreciation sensitivity index (NDSIs) for different modelling choices for both markets separately, jointly and taking into account spatial dependency. The results confirm that housing markets are region-specific and several housing characteristics are valued differently across regions. The effect of road noise, however, appears to be rather robust. Thus, the use of NDSI estimates from one region to value traffic noise in another region seems to be acceptable. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 15-44 Issue: 1 Volume: 4 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.951399 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2014.951399 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:4:y:2015:i:1:p:15-44 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ruslana Rachel Palatnik Author-X-Name-First: Ruslana Rachel Author-X-Name-Last: Palatnik Author-Name: Paulo Augusto Lourenço Dias Nunes Author-X-Name-First: Paulo Augusto Author-X-Name-Last: Lourenço Dias Nunes Title: Economic valuation of climate change-induced biodiversity impacts on agriculture: results from a macro-economic application to the Mediterranean basin Abstract: It is clear that climate change involves changes in temperature and precipitation and, therefore, directly affects land productivity. However, this is not the only channel for climatic change to affect agro-systems. Biodiversity is also subject to climatic change. The present paper illustrates a unique attempt to economically assess the potential effects of climate change induced impacts of biodiversity on the agricultural sector in terms of changes in land productivity, changes in agricultural output and, ultimately, changes in national GDPs. Economic valuation shows that climate change induced impacts on biodiversity cause significant changes in GDP. However, the intensity of these changes varies across the economies under consideration. Some countries, and respective economies, show to be less resilient than others and, most of the time, the welfare changes involved clearly signal the presence of winners and losers. For example, the majority of non-EU Mediterranean economies are subject to a negative impact in their national GDP due to climate change-induced impacts on biodiversity that will be hampering the negative effect of climatic conditions on agro-ecosystems. These results reiterate the importance of welfare analyses of climate change-caused impacts on biodiversity that focus on the redistributive aspects involved with these impacts. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 45-63 Issue: 1 Volume: 4 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.963165 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2014.963165 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:4:y:2015:i:1:p:45-63 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luis Gautier Author-X-Name-First: Luis Author-X-Name-Last: Gautier Title: Horizontal product differentiation and policy adjustment in the presence of abatement subsidies and emission taxes Abstract: There are important examples of countries which have implemented policies to promote pollution abatement activities in sectors characterised by some degree of product differentiation. This paper examines the role of product differentiation on optimal policy and industry emissions in a Cournot oligopoly model in the presence of abatement technology, abatement subsidies and emission taxes. The analysis indicates that as products become more differentiated the government can afford a tax increase due to the presence of subsidies and abatement technology. Additionally, highly differentiated industries may experience a rapid increase in emissions and so policies such as research and development (R&D) may be needed to tackle higher emissions. The government adjusts optimal policy as industries become more or less pollution-intensive, and the extent of the adjustment varies across industries characterised by different degrees of product differentiation. The analysis is potentially relevant to industries where firms are taking steps to differentiate their products in order to capture particular market niches, and lower production and abatement costs. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 64-81 Issue: 1 Volume: 4 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.972467 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2014.972467 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:4:y:2015:i:1:p:64-81 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christopher Bruce Author-X-Name-First: Christopher Author-X-Name-Last: Bruce Author-Name: Jeremy Clark Author-X-Name-First: Jeremy Author-X-Name-Last: Clark Title: Collaborative environmental negotiation with private non-verifiable information: an experimental test Abstract: In many cases, governments invite interest groups to use collaborative negotiation to resolve environmental conflicts. A characteristic of these negotiations is that the parties lack ex ante information about their opponents' ordinal and cardinal preferences. We argue in this paper that most laboratory experiments that have investigated the outcomes of collaborative negotiation have not taken this information asymmetry into account fully. In this paper, we introduce private information into an experimental protocol that we originally employed to investigate collaborative negotiation with full information. We hypothesise that making information private will have only a limited effect on subjects' abilities to reach Pareto-efficient bargains or on the effect that entitlements will have on the outcome; but that considerations of equity will become less important. We find evidence to support these hypotheses, though the effect of entitlements seems more robust under private than full information. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 82-104 Issue: 1 Volume: 4 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.972990 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2014.972990 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:4:y:2015:i:1:p:82-104 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paul J. Metcalfe Author-X-Name-First: Paul J. Author-X-Name-Last: Metcalfe Author-Name: William Baker Author-X-Name-First: William Author-X-Name-Last: Baker Title: The sensitivity of willingness to pay to an economic downturn Abstract: Stated preference studies are typically undertaken at one point in time, while the results may be relied on in decision-making several months or even years later. This reliance is only justified if values are stable over time, an assumption which is doubtable given the onset of an economic downturn. We assess the reliability of values taken before an economic downturn for application during the downturn, via analysis of responses to two near-identical surveys conducted, respectively, before and during the 2008-2010 economic recession. The surveys were valuing near identical sets of permanent water sector service and environmental improvements. Each survey employed a dichotomous choice and a payment card contingent valuation question. Our main result is that the economic downturn led to lower payment card responses but had no effect on the values elicited via a dichotomous choice (i.e. referendum-type) contingent valuation question. We explore potential explanations for this finding in light of the literature on closed-ended versus open-ended elicitation method comparisons. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 105-121 Issue: 1 Volume: 4 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.978821 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2014.978821 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:4:y:2015:i:1:p:105-121 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anne Stenger Author-X-Name-First: Anne Author-X-Name-Last: Stenger Author-Name: Patrice Harou Author-X-Name-First: Patrice Author-X-Name-Last: Harou Title: Special issue on forest investments profitability Abstract: In this special issue, a sample of the papers presented and discussions held are provided. The selected articles are partly presented in the context of the cost-benefit analysis of forests investments. Public budgeting process nowadays requires in most countries a thorough economic analysis of the annual projects and programmes. Forestry institutions are no exception. However, in the public arena and international organisations, the records of appropriate cost-benefit of forestry projects are scant. A recent review of the use of cost-benefit analysis (CBA) by the Independent Evaluation Group of the World Bank which spread the use of CBA to justify development projects, shows that the economic analysis of projects has been diminishing compared to their uses in the 70s. For natural resources, and forestry in particular, the presence of recognised positive externalities seems to have diminished the reason to undertake this analysis. In the context of budgeting constraints encountered by many countries following the 2008 financial crisis, the need for a proper analysis of natural resources investments has been made more acute. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 125-128 Issue: 2 Volume: 4 Year: 2015 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.990520 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2014.990520 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:4:y:2015:i:2:p:125-128 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daowei Zhang Author-X-Name-First: Daowei Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang Author-Name: Anne Stenger Author-X-Name-First: Anne Author-X-Name-Last: Stenger Title: Value and valuation of forest ecosystem services Abstract: In this paper, we first present a total forest economic value framework from an anthropocentric instrumental value perspective and differentiate gross value, economic value, market value, and valuation of forest ecosystem services. We then argue that some of the demand-side-based non-market valuation approaches only provide an estimate of gross value, not economic value. Thus, strictly speaking, they are not market valuation per se as the supply side is ignored, and as many non-marketable and non-extractive forest ecosystem services are concerned, it is often the supply side - the opportunity costs of resources used to produce them that determine the economic values of these services. Finally, we identify the role of economic valuation of forest ecosystem services in the political market that often allocates resources directly to produce these services. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 129-140 Issue: 2 Volume: 4 Year: 2015 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.980852 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2014.980852 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:4:y:2015:i:2:p:129-140 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marielle Brunette Author-X-Name-First: Marielle Author-X-Name-Last: Brunette Author-Name: Stéphane Couture Author-X-Name-First: Stéphane Author-X-Name-Last: Couture Author-Name: Jacques Laye Author-X-Name-First: Jacques Author-X-Name-Last: Laye Title: Optimising forest management under storm risk with a Markov decision process model Abstract: Windstorms generate windfalls that may lead to price decreases. Studies often focus on stochastic growth and price, but consider that there is no link between these two risks. In our model, we assume that storms generate windfalls and that these windfalls have an impact on timber price through volume and quality. The objective of this paper is to analyse the impact of these two effects on harvesting behaviour. We consider that the dynamic of the timber stock follows a Markov decision process and that the harvesting decision is a control variable. We solve the optimal harvesting problem under storm risk with a risk-averse forest owner and when the storm has an impact on production and price. We study the impact of a change in the storm risk distribution, the percentage of quality loss and risk aversion on the optimal harvesting decision. We show that the greater the storm risk is, the greater the harvesting will be. In addition, we observe no noticeable effect of an increase in the percentage of quality loss on harvesting. Moreover, when the forest owner's risk aversion increases, the harvesting is reduced. Finally, we discuss our results, in particular, in relation to climate change. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 141-163 Issue: 2 Volume: 4 Year: 2015 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.982712 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2014.982712 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:4:y:2015:i:2:p:141-163 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gregory S. Amacher Author-X-Name-First: Gregory S. Author-X-Name-Last: Amacher Author-Name: Markku Ollikainen Author-X-Name-First: Markku Author-X-Name-Last: Ollikainen Author-Name: Mikko Puhakka Author-X-Name-First: Mikko Author-X-Name-Last: Puhakka Title: A long-run perspective on renewable resource use and amenity benefits: the case of forestry Abstract: We examine the existence and stability properties of the long-run equilibrium in an economy using forest resources for consumption and amenity benefits. We incorporate forest resources into an overlapping generations model as a factor of production, source of amenity benefits and store of value. We characterise dynamics and stability of steady-state equilibria with a logistic resource growth function, and demonstrate with parametric and numerical examples that a unique and stable equilibrium exists under a set of parameter restrictions. We show that the productivity of timber in production of consumption and the weight given to amenities substantially affect the steady-state equilibrium stock and its stability and dynamics. Especially, the higher the productivity of timber in production, the lower the steady-state forest stock. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 164-176 Issue: 2 Volume: 4 Year: 2015 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.987830 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2014.987830 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:4:y:2015:i:2:p:164-176 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jens Abildtrup Author-X-Name-First: Jens Author-X-Name-Last: Abildtrup Author-Name: Søren Bøye Olsen Author-X-Name-First: Søren Bøye Author-X-Name-Last: Olsen Author-Name: Anne Stenger Author-X-Name-First: Anne Author-X-Name-Last: Stenger Title: Combining RP and SP data while accounting for large choice sets and travel mode - an application to forest recreation Abstract: This paper analyses the use of forests for recreational purposes in Lorraine, France, a region with many forests and easy access for recreational users. This implies that residents in Lorraine can choose between a large set of forests if they decide to visit a forest. The abundance of forests in Lorraine makes identification of the visited forests difficult. To facilitate identification of forests actually visited, we have incorporated an interactive map in a Web-based survey intended to include both revealed and stated preference data. We compare different sampling schemes to define the choice set used for site selection modelling when the actual choice set considered is potentially large and unknown to the analyst. Easy access to forests also implies that around half of the visitors walk or bike to the forest. We apply an error-component mixed-logit model to simultaneously model the travel mode decision and the site selection decision and to combine revealed and stated preference data. Finally, the effect on the willingness-to-pay of changes in forest quality and access is evaluated based on alternative choice set specifications, model specifications and data sources (revealed and stated preference data). Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 177-201 Issue: 2 Volume: 4 Year: 2015 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.986210 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2014.986210 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:4:y:2015:i:2:p:177-201 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Henrik Lindhjem Author-X-Name-First: Henrik Author-X-Name-Last: Lindhjem Author-Name: Kristine Grimsrud Author-X-Name-First: Kristine Author-X-Name-Last: Grimsrud Author-Name: Ståle Navrud Author-X-Name-First: Ståle Author-X-Name-Last: Navrud Author-Name: Stein Olav Kolle Author-X-Name-First: Stein Olav Author-X-Name-Last: Kolle Title: The social benefits and costs of preserving forest biodiversity and ecosystem services Abstract: Ecologists recommend preserving more of the old-growth forests in Norway, as half of the species have forests as their main habitat and many are in decline. We investigate benefits and costs over a 50-year period of increasing forest conservation from 1.4% of the productive forest area (the situation in 2007) to 2.8% (doubling), 4.5% ('ecologists' minimum') and 10% (one goal suggested in public debate). The benefits are estimated based on a national contingent valuation (CV) survey of Norwegian households. Two independent measures of total costs are used: (1) the actual compensation amounts paid to forest owners and (2) results from a survey of forest owners' minimum willingness to accept compensation to preserve. Results show that social benefits outweigh costs of the three conservation plans by a large margin. The middle option of 4.5% has the highest net present value. This result is robust to a range of assumptions, including considerations of potential hypothetical bias in willingness to pay estimates. The results of this cost-benefit analysis reflect the preferences of the general population, the authorities and the forest owners with respect to biodiversity and ecosystem services conservation, and supplement the expert opinion of ecologists. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 202-222 Issue: 2 Volume: 4 Year: 2015 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.982201 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2014.982201 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:4:y:2015:i:2:p:202-222 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lindsay Vollmar Author-X-Name-First: Lindsay Author-X-Name-Last: Vollmar Author-Name: Christopher R. McIntosh Author-X-Name-First: Christopher R. Author-X-Name-Last: McIntosh Author-Name: Jonathan Bossenbroek Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan Author-X-Name-Last: Bossenbroek Title: Anglers' responses to bait certification regulations: the case of virus-free bait demand Abstract: The threat of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) to the sport fish of the Great Lakes region has caused the state of Michigan to regulate some types of fishing bait that could spread the disease. Given large-scale fish kills from VHS are uncertain and regulation costly, it is important to consider the knowledge level of anglers and their estimated benefits from these regulations. About 75% of anglers self-reported being at least somewhat familiar with VHS and VHS regulations, and agreeing that VHS is a serious threat to the health of Great Lakes' fish populations. Demand for a popular baitfish susceptible to VHS, emerald shiners, was estimated using a contingent valuation method survey. The results suggest increased likelihood of purchase and mean willingness to pay point estimate premiums between 15% and 29% for certified bait. The inclusion of an educational piece on VHS and regulations in our survey did not lead to significant demand differences from those who did not receive the extra information. These results may help regulators efficiently allocate funding for the prevention of spreading VHS and allow bait shops to understand better the value of certified bait. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 223-237 Issue: 3 Volume: 4 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.974677 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2014.974677 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:4:y:2015:i:3:p:223-237 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paul Mwebaze Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Mwebaze Author-Name: Jeff Bennett Author-X-Name-First: Jeff Author-X-Name-Last: Bennett Title: Valuing access to biological collections with contingent valuation and cost-benefit analysis Abstract: Biological collections may be underutilised because of transaction costs incurred in their use. One way to reduce transaction costs and foster greater utilisation of biological collections that could benefit society is through the creation of a virtual central database of biological collections, available online. The objective of this paper is to estimate the benefits of this policy change using a dichotomous choice contingent valuation survey of the primary users of biological collections. Marginal willingness to pay (WTP) for access to a new central database linking collections around Australia was investigated through an annual user fee payment vehicle. The mean WTP of direct users of the proposed program was Australian dollar (A$) 149 per annum (95% confidence interval of $102-$348). We conducted a cost-benefit analysis of the proposal, showing that the aggregate benefits are likely to outweigh the total costs of setting up and maintaining the database in the longer term. These findings are useful for resource allocation decisions regarding biological collections. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 238-258 Issue: 3 Volume: 4 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.985258 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2014.985258 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:4:y:2015:i:3:p:238-258 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Keith Willett Author-X-Name-First: Keith Author-X-Name-Last: Willett Author-Name: Anetta Caplanova Author-X-Name-First: Anetta Author-X-Name-Last: Caplanova Author-Name: Rudolf Sivak Author-X-Name-First: Rudolf Author-X-Name-Last: Sivak Title: Emission discharge permits with regulatory tiering: Numerical simulations with a computer-assisted smart market Abstract: Permit trading for a cap and trade policy where the property right traded is an emission discharge permit (EDP) and with 'hot spots' can be addressed in a cost-effective manner in a framework combining regulatory tiering and a 'computer-assisted' smart market model. A smart market model is an optimisation-based framework used to compute permit trading solutions and the actual calculation of permit trades is based on a linear programming model. The model objective function is defined as the aggregate net benefit function for the market traders subject to a well-defined constraint set. The key characteristic of the smart market model is that all EDP trades are with a common pool and no bilateral trades are allowed to occur. The 'hot spot' problem is addressed by adding a set of regional pollutant constraints to the smart market model constraint set. In the paper, we design and implement a smart market model with regulatory tiering. The property right traded is an EDP and the regulatory tiering component is introduced into the smart market model constraint set as a set of regional pollutant constraints. Using a linear programming model, a set of experiments are extracted from numerical simulations to demonstrate the smart market usefulness for dealing with the specific environmental problems from the policy perspective. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 259-277 Issue: 3 Volume: 4 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.987181 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2014.987181 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:4:y:2015:i:3:p:259-277 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Natina Yaduma Author-X-Name-First: Natina Author-X-Name-Last: Yaduma Author-Name: Mika Kortelainen Author-X-Name-First: Mika Author-X-Name-Last: Kortelainen Author-Name: Ada Wossink Author-X-Name-First: Ada Author-X-Name-Last: Wossink Title: The environmental Kuznets curve at different levels of economic development: a counterfactual quantile regression analysis for CO2 emissions Abstract: This paper applies the quantile fixed effects technique in exploring the CO2 environmental Kuznets curve within two groups of economic development (OECD and non-OECD countries) and six geographical regions - West, East Europe, Latin America, East Asia, West Asia and Africa. A comparison of the findings resulting from the use of this technique with those of conventional fixed effects method reveals that the latter may depict a flawed summary of the prevailing income-emissions nexus depending on the conditional quantile examined. The paper also extends the Machado and Mata decomposition method to the Kuznets curve framework to explore the most important explanations for CO2 emissions gap between OECD and non-OECD countries. We find a statistically significant OECD--non-OECD emissions gap and the decomposition reveals that there are non-income related factors working against the non-OECD group's greening. We tentatively conclude that deliberate and systematic mitigation of current CO2 emissions in the non-OECD group is required. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 278-303 Issue: 3 Volume: 4 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2015.1004118 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2015.1004118 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:4:y:2015:i:3:p:278-303 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bishwa S. Koirala Author-X-Name-First: Bishwa S. Author-X-Name-Last: Koirala Author-Name: Ramin C. Mysami Author-X-Name-First: Ramin C. Author-X-Name-Last: Mysami Title: Investigating the effect of forest per capita on explaining the EKC hypothesis for CO2 in the US Abstract: This paper investigates the net effect of forest resources on the emission of CO2 while testing the EKC hypothesis for CO2 at the county level in the US. Using a county-level data obtained from the Vulcan Project and employing a weighted lag-dependent variable of CO2 emissions, an inverted-U-shaped relationship between income and emissions of CO2 per capita is detected in the US. However, the estimated income turning points (ITPs) are slightly higher than the average income per capita but are within an attainable range, suggesting that further economic growth would be a viable environmental policy to address the emissions of CO2 in the US. The estimated net effect of forests resources on the emissions of CO2 suggests that forest fires and degradation dominate the carbon sequestration capacity of standing forests in the US. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 304-314 Issue: 3 Volume: 4 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2015.1010456 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2015.1010456 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:4:y:2015:i:3:p:304-314 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andrea Klinglmair Author-X-Name-First: Andrea Author-X-Name-Last: Klinglmair Author-Name: Markus Gilbert Bliem Author-X-Name-First: Markus Gilbert Author-X-Name-Last: Bliem Author-Name: Roy Brouwer Author-X-Name-First: Roy Author-X-Name-Last: Brouwer Title: Exploring the public value of increased hydropower use: a choice experiment study for Austria Abstract: This paper applies a choice experiment to estimate how Austrian households value the multiple impacts associated with future hydropower investments. Clear evidence was obtained that Austrian households are willing to pay for an expansion of hydropower capacities. More precisely, Austrians are willing to incur extra costs for economic (employment) and environmental (reduced air emissions) benefits related to the generation of electricity from hydroelectric power, but wish to be compensated for the loss of nature and landscape new hydropower plants are associated with. This relation can formally be denoted as the 'energy-water trade-off' imposed by the use of hydropower. Moreover, confirmation of the 'Not in my backyard' phenomenon was found, meaning that people prefer the construction of new hydropower stations, but not close to their homes. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 315-336 Issue: 3 Volume: 4 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2015.1018956 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2015.1018956 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:4:y:2015:i:3:p:315-336 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Feler Bose Author-X-Name-First: Feler Author-X-Name-Last: Bose Author-Name: Vivek Pandey Author-X-Name-First: Vivek Author-X-Name-Last: Pandey Title: Don't let a serious crisis go to waste: exploring linkages between environmental policy-making and environmental incidents Abstract: This article seeks to explore the impact of environmental incidents on state-level environmental policy-making in the US. Environmental policy researchers have identified several factors and their impact on states' ability and willingness to formulate green policies. Most studies have used binary values to measure state environmental policy formulation (sepf) variable. However, this strategy can lead to biased estimates because the extent of policy-formulation is not the same across states. We propose an ordinal approach to measure the sepf variable along with multiple correspondence analyses (MCA). We also test for the impact of environmental incidents and its interaction with the strength of environmental organisations on the formulation of green policies. Econometric results from the longitudinal data indicate that the states that witness environmental incidents in the current period are less likely to formulate environmental policies during that period. However, when environmental organisations root their advocacy programmes on previous period's environmental incident(s), it has a positive and significant impact on environmental policy-making. These results contribute not only to our understanding of critical determinants of environmental policy-making, but also indicate that environmental organisations can leverage environmental incidents to influence state-level policy-making. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 337-351 Issue: 3 Volume: 4 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2015.1023362 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2015.1023362 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:4:y:2015:i:3:p:337-351 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ellen De Schepper Author-X-Name-First: Ellen Author-X-Name-Last: De Schepper Author-Name: Steven Van Passel Author-X-Name-First: Steven Author-X-Name-Last: Van Passel Author-Name: Sebastien Lizin Author-X-Name-First: Sebastien Author-X-Name-Last: Lizin Author-Name: Thomas Vincent Author-X-Name-First: Thomas Author-X-Name-Last: Vincent Author-Name: Benjamin Martin Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin Author-X-Name-Last: Martin Author-Name: Xavier Gandibleux Author-X-Name-First: Xavier Author-X-Name-Last: Gandibleux Title: Economic and environmental multi-objective optimisation to evaluate the impact of Belgian policy on solar power and electric vehicles Abstract: This research uses multi-objective optimisation to determine the optimal mixture of energy and transportation technologies, while optimising economic and environmental impacts. We demonstrate the added value of using multi-objective mixed integer linear programming (MOMILP) considering economies of scale versus using continuous multi-objective linear programming assuming average cost intervals. This paper uses an improved version to solve MOMILPs exactly. To differentiate optimal solutions with and without subsidies, the impact of policy on the Pareto frontier is assessed. We distinguish between minimising economic life cycle costs (complete rationality) and required investments (bounded rationality). The approach is illustrated using a Belgian company with demands for electricity and transport. Electricity technologies are solar photovoltaics and the grid; transportation includes internal combustion engine vehicles, grid powered battery electric vehicles (BEVs), and solar-powered BEVs. The impact of grid powered BEVs to reduce GHG emissions is limited, yet they are less costly than solar panels to decrease emissions. Current policy measures are found to be properly targeting rational investors who consider life cycle costs, while private (potentially bounded rational) investors often focus on required investments only. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 1-27 Issue: 1 Volume: 5 Year: 2016 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2015.1019569 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2015.1019569 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:5:y:2016:i:1:p:1-27 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tanh T.N. Nguyen Author-X-Name-First: Tanh T.N. Author-X-Name-Last: Nguyen Author-Name: Edward A. Evans Author-X-Name-First: Edward A. Author-X-Name-Last: Evans Author-Name: Kati W. Migliaccio Author-X-Name-First: Kati W. Author-X-Name-Last: Migliaccio Title: Modelling decision-making regarding wetland services for wetland management in Tram Chim National Park, Vietnam Abstract: In order to support multi-objective wetland management, this study develops a five-step multi-criteria decision framework and uses the Tram Chim National Park case to demonstrate decisions by comparing net benefits, the framework's outcome, of four wetland zones (A1, A2, A4, and A5) of the Park. Methods include (1) identification of key management priorities using analytic hierarchy process; (2) assessment of use/non-use values using market/non-market valuation techniques. Consumptive direct use values were determined by market assessment of fishing while a travel cost model was employed to estimate non-consumptive direct use values for tourism. Indirect use and non-use values were assessed using contingent valuation method. Results showed the priorities of tourism, fishing, and management costs. Total fishing benefit (fishing income and revenue from permits) was estimated at US$173/year/person. Willingness to pay for preferred plant communities varied. For tourism, overall consumer surplus was estimated at US$11/person and tourists would be willing to pay US$3-5/person more. In sum, net benefit for a typical year for zone A1 was highest. The framework demonstrates how the decision-making process with regards to managing an environmental resource can be enhanced within a multi-decision framework using a set of market and non-market economic valuation tools. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 28-48 Issue: 1 Volume: 5 Year: 2016 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2015.1022229 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2015.1022229 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:5:y:2016:i:1:p:28-48 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cecilia Håkansson Author-X-Name-First: Cecilia Author-X-Name-Last: Håkansson Author-Name: Katarina Östberg Author-X-Name-First: Katarina Author-X-Name-Last: Östberg Author-Name: Göran Bostedt Author-X-Name-First: Göran Author-X-Name-Last: Bostedt Title: Estimating distributional effects of environmental policy in Swedish coastal environments - a walk along different dimensions Abstract: This paper studies distributional effects of environmental policies in Swedish coastal environments, in monetary and environmental quality terms, for different dimensions: income, gender, age, non-users vs. users, distance, familiarity, and origin (if people have a Swedish background or not). The study area is widely used for different recreational activities and has a mix of different visitors. The data come from a choice experiment study. The results indicate that latent class modelling can be used to identify how monetary preferences vary between different groups of respondents, and largely confirm the limited existing knowledge from the previous research on distributional effects of environmental policies. However, the previous literature on distributional effects related to background is very limited, making it hard to draw comparisons. The results in our paper also show that the distributional effects differ depending on the environmental amenity. These results are of policy relevance since coastal environments are important for people's well-being and associated with positive health effects. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 49-78 Issue: 1 Volume: 5 Year: 2016 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2015.1025856 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2015.1025856 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:5:y:2016:i:1:p:49-78 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anca Claudia Pana Author-X-Name-First: Anca Claudia Author-X-Name-Last: Pana Author-Name: Jonathan Gheyssens Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan Author-X-Name-Last: Gheyssens Title: Baseline choice and performance implications for REDD Abstract: Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD) projects are being designed and implemented across tropical countries, intending to curb the contribution of deforestation to greenhouse gas emissions. An important aspect of REDD implementation is the baseline against which reductions are measured. The baseline estimates the business-as-usual emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. We solve a dynamic model of land conversion from forest to agriculture in the presence of REDD, and assess the performance of four baselines. We show that none of the analysed baselines dominates in all performance aspects, and that the final baseline choice needs to maximise the trade-off between the effectiveness to reduce deforestation, cost-efficiency, and changes in income. The frequently used historical average baseline could be improved by using a forward-looking one, which is shown to better account for the opportunity costs faced by landowners. This result hinges on the ability of the baseline to predict deforestation rates without significant underestimations. We advocate the switch from a single-threshold baseline to a corridor methodology, which would provide continued incentives to reduce deforestation, even during periods of high opportunity costs. We finally show how the selection of certain baseline attributes, such as corridor bandwidth and symmetry, can enhance performance. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 79-124 Issue: 1 Volume: 5 Year: 2016 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2015.1028465 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2015.1028465 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:5:y:2016:i:1:p:79-124 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Matthew Interis Author-X-Name-First: Matthew Author-X-Name-Last: Interis Author-Name: Chang Xu Author-X-Name-First: Chang Author-X-Name-Last: Xu Author-Name: Daniel Petrolia Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Author-X-Name-Last: Petrolia Author-Name: Kalyn Coatney Author-X-Name-First: Kalyn Author-X-Name-Last: Coatney Title: Examining unconditional preference revelation in choice experiments: a voting game approach Abstract: If respondents are strategic, voting in choice experiments may violate the common modelling assumption that everyone votes for his unconditionally most-preferred alternative. This presents a challenge to accurately estimating welfare measures. We conduct a homegrown-value laboratory experiment designed to mimic a three-alternative choice experiment. Two key pieces of information not previously collected from participants are their (1) unconditionally most-preferred alternative and (2) their perception of the likely vote distribution. We are able to identify whether participants adopt a strategy of voting for their second-most-preferred alternative when their most-preferred alternative is believed likely to garner the fewest votes. We find that many more participants do not vote for their most-preferred alternative than theory predicts. We also test whether prompting participants to think about the likely vote distribution before voting affects their own vote. We find that prompting participants does not affect strategic voting. We find percentages of participants who do not vote for their most-preferred alternative, who cast strategic votes for their second most-preferred alternative, and who cast apparently 'irrational' votes are close to estimates from studies in political election settings. The presence of strategic and irrational votes should cause choice experiment researchers to rethink their model assumptions. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 125-142 Issue: 1 Volume: 5 Year: 2016 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2015.1033021 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2015.1033021 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:5:y:2016:i:1:p:125-142 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thierry Kalisa Author-X-Name-First: Thierry Author-X-Name-Last: Kalisa Author-Name: Mary Riddel Author-X-Name-First: Mary Author-X-Name-Last: Riddel Author-Name: W. Douglass Shaw Author-X-Name-First: W. Douglass Author-X-Name-Last: Shaw Title: Willingness to pay to avoid arsenic-related risks: a special regressor approach Abstract: Subjective probabilities often better explain behaviours than science-based risks. Incorporating them into a behavioural model has important ramifications for environmental and health policy, but if these risks are measured with error or endogenous, then doing so leads to possible troubles in interpretation of results. Our application is to mortality risks associated with arsenic found in drinking water in various spots in the United States. The behaviour of interest is a yes/no response to a willingness to pay (WTP) question to reduce these risks. We apply the special regressor approach to handle the endogeneity and measurement error in the WTP model and find that doing so leads to different implications for policy that could be pursued to reduce the risks. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 143-162 Issue: 2 Volume: 5 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2015.1057871 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2015.1057871 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:5:y:2016:i:2:p:143-162 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ken Willis Author-X-Name-First: Ken Author-X-Name-Last: Willis Author-Name: Bob Crabtree Author-X-Name-First: Bob Author-X-Name-Last: Crabtree Author-Name: Liesl M. Osman Author-X-Name-First: Liesl M. Author-X-Name-Last: Osman Author-Name: Kirsty Cathrine Author-X-Name-First: Kirsty Author-X-Name-Last: Cathrine Title: Green space and health benefits: a QALY and CEA of a mental health programme Abstract: Green spaces are promoted as a means of improving the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for people with health problems. This paper evaluates the Branching Out programme in Scotland, which provides patients with mental health problems, social, physical and recreational activities in an outdoor ‘community’ setting. Patients carry out group-based woodland activities over a 12-week period. Health agencies in the Strathclyde region of Scotland offer patients the opportunity to participate if they consider that the patient will benefit from Branching Out activities. The evaluation uses the SF-12 questionnaire to assess HRQoL of participants in the programme. From the SF-12 scores, quality adjusted life year (QALY) change is calculated. Cost per QALY is estimated in relation to economic costs of the program (staffing cost, facilities and other costs e.g. travel). Cost effectiveness analysis reveals Branching Out is comparable to other programmes oriented to social recovery. Its cost-effectiveness in terms of National Institute for Health & Care Excellence guidelines for medical treatments depends on the duration of the health improvement. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 163-180 Issue: 2 Volume: 5 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2015.1058195 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2015.1058195 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:5:y:2016:i:2:p:163-180 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Benjamin A. Jones Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin A. Author-X-Name-Last: Jones Author-Name: Jennifer A. Thacher Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer A. Author-X-Name-Last: Thacher Author-Name: Janie M. Chermak Author-X-Name-First: Janie M. Author-X-Name-Last: Chermak Author-Name: Robert P. Berrens Author-X-Name-First: Robert P. Author-X-Name-Last: Berrens Title: Wildfire smoke health costs: a methods case study for a Southwestern US ‘mega-fire’ Abstract: Exposure to wildfire smoke can increase morbidity in urban areas. Economists are increasingly calling for such health impacts to be included in wildfire damage assessments. However, collecting original health outcome data is costly and time-consuming. Benefits transfer is a more accessible alternative that is often employed. Yet several methodological issues remain unexplored regarding transfers of economic values and air quality concentration-response functions. Ignoring these issues may lead to misinformed wildfire policy based on inexact estimates of smoke-induced health costs. This research provides a case study illustration of a new air quality benefit transfer tool, the US EPA benefits mapping and analysis program-community edition (BenMAP-CE), which is used to estimate smoke damages of a Southwestern US ‘mega-fire’ event and investigate methodological issues surrounding the analyst's choice between transferring results from ‘wildfire-specific’ and ‘urban air’ (unrelated to wildfire) studies. Results indicate that the economic costs of wildfire smoke are substantial. Additionally, transfer of wildfire-specific study results produces substantially higher morbidity estimates and costs compared to use of results from urban air studies. These findings demonstrate (1) that BenMAP-CE can be applied to wildfire events and (2) the importance of transferred study appropriateness when conducting a smoke damage assessment using benefits transfer. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 181-199 Issue: 2 Volume: 5 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2015.1070765 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2015.1070765 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:5:y:2016:i:2:p:181-199 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Getachew Nigatu Author-X-Name-First: Getachew Author-X-Name-Last: Nigatu Title: Assessing the effects of climate change policy on the volatility of carbon prices in reference to the Great Recession Abstract: This paper examines the effects of having or not having a climate change policy on the behaviour of carbon price volatility before, within and after the 2008/09 global recession. Our Markov-regime switching model analysis shows that the voluntary carbon market at the Chicago Climate Exchange was in a high-volatile regime within, and two years before, this recession. The mandatory carbon market in the European Climate Exchange was relatively in stable and low-volatile regime over these periods, except at the end of the recession. The voluntary market exhibited more price volatility features than the mandatory one. After the recession, both markets experienced high probabilities of being at low-volatile regimes. Our results suggest that high-volatile regimes were not caused by the recession per se. However, statistical tests show that there were distinct low-and high-volatile regimes during the recession period, indicating that the recession aggravated price volatility of both markets. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 200-215 Issue: 2 Volume: 5 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2015.1075906 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2015.1075906 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:5:y:2016:i:2:p:200-215 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luca Lambertini Author-X-Name-First: Luca Author-X-Name-Last: Lambertini Author-Name: Alessandro Tampieri Author-X-Name-First: Alessandro Author-X-Name-Last: Tampieri Title: Overcompliance with endogenous environmental standards and quantity competition Abstract: We propose a model of environmental overcompliance where firms set the environmental quality of their products and compete in quantities, while the government imposes an environmental standard with the aim to maximise welfare. We show that all firms overcomply if the environmental impact of production is sufficiently low, otherwise unilateral overcompliance emerges by the firm with higher environmental quality. With price competition, the introduction of an environmental standard quality always brings about unilateral overcompliance. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 216-226 Issue: 2 Volume: 5 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2015.1078260 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2015.1078260 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:5:y:2016:i:2:p:216-226 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Douglas Auld Author-X-Name-First: Douglas Author-X-Name-Last: Auld Title: Emissions intensity and choice of policy instrument with asymmetric information and growth Abstract: The advantages and disadvantages of environmental policies based on emission intensity targets have been widely discussed. Emission tax policies tend to be ranked ahead of emission intensity instruments due, in part, to the former's incentive effects. A comparison of the effect that emission intensity targets and emission taxes have on abatement costs in a world of asymmetric information is worth exploring. This analysis suggests that in terms abatement costs and the nature of the errors due to asymmetric information, a tax on emission has no absolute advantage over an emissions intensity policy in the short run and given the qualitative nature of the welfare losses in both cases, an emissions target policy may be preferred. Furthermore, an emission intensity target may be an appropriate instrument when growth in output of polluting firms is expected. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 227-235 Issue: 2 Volume: 5 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2015.1080197 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2015.1080197 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:5:y:2016:i:2:p:227-235 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jeff Bennett Author-X-Name-First: Jeff Author-X-Name-Last: Bennett Author-Name: Jeremy Cheesman Author-X-Name-First: Jeremy Author-X-Name-Last: Cheesman Author-Name: Russell Blamey Author-X-Name-First: Russell Author-X-Name-Last: Blamey Author-Name: Marit Kragt Author-X-Name-First: Marit Author-X-Name-Last: Kragt Title: Estimating the non-market benefits of environmental flows in the Hawkesbury-Nepean River Abstract: Growth in competing demands for the services supplied to major urban centres by adjacent river systems provides an impetus for the estimation of the non-market benefits generated by flows specifically dedicated to maintaining or improving the environmental condition of those rivers. This paper presents the results of a choice modelling study aimed at addressing the complexities of estimating such environmental flow benefits. The context of the study is the management of the Hawkesbury-Nepean River system, the major water supply for Sydney, Australia. The complexities considered include establishing linkages between river management options and the environmental condition of the river, defining attributes that reflect environmental conditions in terms that are meaningful to survey respondents as well as river managers, modelling stated choices to reflect non-linearities in willingness to pay responses and identifying thresholds in peoples' preferences for specific environmental attributes. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 236-248 Issue: 2 Volume: 5 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2015.1083484 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2015.1083484 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:5:y:2016:i:2:p:236-248 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ece Özdemiroğlu Author-X-Name-First: Ece Author-X-Name-Last: Özdemiroğlu Title: Natural capital – a practitioner’s overview of concepts and applications Abstract: Working with the concept of natural capital has changed the way we do environmental economics in practice. This article sets the scene by defining natural capital, natural capital approach and natural capital accounting. The reasons why businesses prepare natural capital accounts are summarised. The article concludes with thoughts on what the future holds for the natural capital approach. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 343-352 Issue: 4 Volume: 8 Year: 2019 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1639220 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1639220 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:4:p:343-352 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John Curnow Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Curnow Title: Environmental economics in UK environmental policy: Defra's 25 Year Environment Plan Abstract: Defra (UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs) published its 25 Year Environment Plan in January 2018. The Plan sets out the Government's goals for improving the environment with the ambition to leave a better environment for the next generation. It places natural capital at the very centre of its approach to future environmental policy. This paper draws on a speech given by Defra's Chief Economist to the annual applied environmental economics conference, envecon, in March 2018. It sets out a broad overview of the 25 Year Environment Plan, how natural capital underpins it, and the value of environmental economics in making environmental policy. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 353-358 Issue: 4 Volume: 8 Year: 2019 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1601135 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1601135 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:4:p:353-358 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Robert Tinch Author-X-Name-First: Robert Author-X-Name-Last: Tinch Author-Name: Nicola Beaumont Author-X-Name-First: Nicola Author-X-Name-Last: Beaumont Author-Name: Tim Sunderland Author-X-Name-First: Tim Author-X-Name-Last: Sunderland Author-Name: Ece Ozdemiroglu Author-X-Name-First: Ece Author-X-Name-Last: Ozdemiroglu Author-Name: David Barton Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Barton Author-Name: Colm Bowe Author-X-Name-First: Colm Author-X-Name-Last: Bowe Author-Name: Tobias Börger Author-X-Name-First: Tobias Author-X-Name-Last: Börger Author-Name: Paul Burgess Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Burgess Author-Name: Canon Nigel Cooper Author-X-Name-First: Canon Nigel Author-X-Name-Last: Cooper Author-Name: Michela Faccioli Author-X-Name-First: Michela Author-X-Name-Last: Faccioli Author-Name: Pierre Failler Author-X-Name-First: Pierre Author-X-Name-Last: Failler Author-Name: Ioanna Gkolemi Author-X-Name-First: Ioanna Author-X-Name-Last: Gkolemi Author-Name: Ritesh Kumar Author-X-Name-First: Ritesh Author-X-Name-Last: Kumar Author-Name: Alberto Longo Author-X-Name-First: Alberto Author-X-Name-Last: Longo Author-Name: Alistair McVittie Author-X-Name-First: Alistair Author-X-Name-Last: McVittie Author-Name: Joe Morris Author-X-Name-First: Joe Author-X-Name-Last: Morris Author-Name: Jacob Park Author-X-Name-First: Jacob Author-X-Name-Last: Park Author-Name: Neil Ravenscroft Author-X-Name-First: Neil Author-X-Name-Last: Ravenscroft Author-Name: Marije Schaafsma Author-X-Name-First: Marije Author-X-Name-Last: Schaafsma Author-Name: James Vause Author-X-Name-First: James Author-X-Name-Last: Vause Author-Name: Guy Ziv Author-X-Name-First: Guy Author-X-Name-Last: Ziv Title: Economic valuation of ecosystem goods and services: a review for decision makers Abstract: There is increasing interest in the use of economic valuation of ecosystem goods and services for a wide variety of purposes. These include relatively familiar uses in project appraisal and more novel applications in advocacy, performance tracking and accounting in public and private settings. Decision makers who use valuation information need to understand the background, strengths and weaknesses of these approaches. The methods have a strong foundation in economic theory and offer a rapidly growing evidence base, improving ability to evaluate a broad range of ecosystem goods and services. Nevertheless, there are theoretical and practical limitations that need to be understood and kept in mind when interpreting results. In this paper, we briefly review the economic valuation methods and situate them in their historical and theoretical contexts. We assess the main critiques, attempts at resolving them, and implications for the usefulness of the methods in different contexts. We examine the main barriers and opportunities for wider uses of valuation evidence, and draw conclusions on the appropriate role of valuation in future, as a tool for aiding reflection and deliberation processes. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 359-378 Issue: 4 Volume: 8 Year: 2019 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1623083 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1623083 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:4:p:359-378 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ian Dickie Author-X-Name-First: Ian Author-X-Name-Last: Dickie Author-Name: Sophie Neupauer Author-X-Name-First: Sophie Author-X-Name-Last: Neupauer Title: Natural capital accounts: nations and organizations Abstract: Natural capital accounting is a new tool in environmental management. It can be understood as a new (and better) combination of existing tools used in economic analysis with environmental data. It articulates technical and scientific understanding of the environment in economic value terms for decision-makers. The various current forms of environmental, ecosystem and natural capital accounting are described. Examples are given of natural capital accounting for the urban environment at different spatial scales, from a single park to a UK national urban account. Reliance on economic valuation of the environment also brings risks, so understanding is needed of how values are generated, good practice in presenting them (e.g. alongside physical measures for context), and what they miss (e.g. stating key unvalued issues and being aware of potential threshold effects). The structure of natural capital accounting helps mitigate these risks, and so it can be used as a positive tool to highlight the value of the natural environment as an asset to our present and future society. Building on existing understanding and tools means natural capital accounting can be relatively easy to initiate. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 379-393 Issue: 4 Volume: 8 Year: 2019 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1639219 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1639219 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:4:p:379-393 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Adams Koshy Author-X-Name-First: Adams Author-X-Name-Last: Koshy Author-Name: Julie Raynaud Author-X-Name-First: Julie Author-X-Name-Last: Raynaud Author-Name: Ece Ozdemiroglu Author-X-Name-First: Ece Author-X-Name-Last: Ozdemiroglu Author-Name: Allan Provins Author-X-Name-First: Allan Author-X-Name-Last: Provins Title: Natural Capital Statements: a case study on SCA, a Swedish paper and pulp company Abstract: Companies and investors have an important role to play in preventing further degradation of the natural environment and supporting its improvements. This requires decision-useful, readily available corporate reporting and investment analysis on environmental impacts and dependencies. There are pressures on providing such information, driven by movements within climate change reporting, uptake of the UN Sustainable Development Goals and increasing expectation for more transparency in reporting and analysis. Although sustainability reporting and environmental social and governance (ESG) analysis are evolving, they are not deemed ‘fit for purpose’ to meet all the changes currently on the horizon. eftec developed the Natural Capital Statements to fill this gap. The ‘NatCapStatementsTM’ are a combination of the income statement and balance sheet for natural capital assets, mostly using the data already being collected by companies and analysts. Based on the relatable structure of traditional financial accounts, the NatCapStatementsTM report (i) the impacts of a company on natural capital; (ii) how dependent a company is on natural capital and (iii) whether the company is prepared for future risks and opportunities from the environment. To demonstrate this approach, this article presents an independent assessment of the NatCapStatementsTM of Swedish paper and pulp company SCA. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 394-412 Issue: 4 Volume: 8 Year: 2019 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1635917 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1635917 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:4:p:394-412 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laurence Jones Author-X-Name-First: Laurence Author-X-Name-Last: Jones Author-Name: Massimo Vieno Author-X-Name-First: Massimo Author-X-Name-Last: Vieno Author-Name: Alice Fitch Author-X-Name-First: Alice Author-X-Name-Last: Fitch Author-Name: Edward Carnell Author-X-Name-First: Edward Author-X-Name-Last: Carnell Author-Name: Claudia Steadman Author-X-Name-First: Claudia Author-X-Name-Last: Steadman Author-Name: Philip Cryle Author-X-Name-First: Philip Author-X-Name-Last: Cryle Author-Name: Mike Holland Author-X-Name-First: Mike Author-X-Name-Last: Holland Author-Name: Eiko Nemitz Author-X-Name-First: Eiko Author-X-Name-Last: Nemitz Author-Name: Dan Morton Author-X-Name-First: Dan Author-X-Name-Last: Morton Author-Name: Jane Hall Author-X-Name-First: Jane Author-X-Name-Last: Hall Author-Name: Gina Mills Author-X-Name-First: Gina Author-X-Name-Last: Mills Author-Name: Ian Dickie Author-X-Name-First: Ian Author-X-Name-Last: Dickie Author-Name: Stefan Reis Author-X-Name-First: Stefan Author-X-Name-Last: Reis Title: Urban natural capital accounts: developing a novel approach to quantify air pollution removal by vegetation Abstract: Air pollution presents a major risk to human health, resulting in premature deaths and reduced quality of life. Quantifying the role of vegetation in reducing air pollution concentrations is an important contribution to urban natural capital accounting. However, most current methods to calculate pollution removal are static, and do not represent atmospheric transport of pollutants, or interactions among pollutants and meteorology. An additional challenge is defining urban extent in a way that captures the green and blue infrastructure providing the service in a consistent way. We developed a refined urban morphology layer which incorporates urban green and blue space. We then applied an atmospheric chemistry transport model (EMEP4UK) to calculate pollutant removal by urban natural capital for pollutants including PM2.5, NO2, SO2, O3. We calculated health benefits directly from the change in pollutant concentrations (i.e. exposure) rather than from tonnes of pollutant removed. Urban natural capital across Britain removes 28,700 tonnes of PM2.5, NO2, SO2, O3. The economic value of the health benefits are substantial: £136 million in 2015, resulting from 900 fewer respiratory hospital admissions, 220 fewer cardiovascular hospital admissions, 240 fewer deaths and 3600 fewer Life Years Lost. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 413-428 Issue: 4 Volume: 8 Year: 2019 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1597772 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1597772 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:4:p:413-428 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Katrina J. Davis Author-X-Name-First: Katrina J. Author-X-Name-Last: Davis Author-Name: Amy Binner Author-X-Name-First: Amy Author-X-Name-Last: Binner Author-Name: Andrew Bell Author-X-Name-First: Andrew Author-X-Name-Last: Bell Author-Name: Brett Day Author-X-Name-First: Brett Author-X-Name-Last: Day Author-Name: Timothy Poate Author-X-Name-First: Timothy Author-X-Name-Last: Poate Author-Name: Siân Rees Author-X-Name-First: Siân Author-X-Name-Last: Rees Author-Name: Greg Smith Author-X-Name-First: Greg Author-X-Name-Last: Smith Author-Name: Kerrie Wilson Author-X-Name-First: Kerrie Author-X-Name-Last: Wilson Author-Name: Ian Bateman Author-X-Name-First: Ian Author-X-Name-Last: Bateman Title: A generalisable integrated natural capital methodology for targeting investment in coastal defence Abstract: Coastal ecosystems, such as saltmarsh, produce a range of ecosystem services that underpin human well-being. In the UK, and globally, saltmarsh extent and quality is declining due to coastal squeeze, deteriorating water quality, and agricultural activities. Here, we develop a general framework to evaluate changes in coastal defence. Using this framework, we identify priority areas for saltmarsh re-alignment: re-creation of saltmarsh in areas that have been saltmarsh in the past – but that have been claimed for a variety of land uses, particularly agriculture. We base our re-alignment prioritisation on the ecosystem services provided by saltmarsh in the North Devon Biosphere Reserve: specifically carbon sequestration and recreational benefits, and the economic values of those services. We compare potential economic benefits with the economic costs of creating new saltmarsh areas – specifically lost agricultural output, property damages and direct re-alignment costs. We identify a number of priority areas for managed re-alignment that generate high recreational values in areas where properties would not be damaged. These findings provide a necessary and timely analysis for the managers of the North Devon Biosphere Reserve. Furthermore, we outline a comprehensive methodology to plan future management of coastal zones. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 429-446 Issue: 4 Volume: 8 Year: 2019 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1537197 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1537197 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:4:p:429-446 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ram Ranjan Author-X-Name-First: Ram Author-X-Name-Last: Ranjan Title: Wildlife crime monitoring and deterrence in presence of endogenous community cooperation Abstract: Smuggling in wildlife is increasingly endangering the survival of several species on the planet. In this paper, we develop a socio-economic-ecological model of optimal management of wildlife preservation areas through incorporating the environmental preferences of local communities. These preferences are dynamic and influenced by local economic growth. When environmental preferences of local communities are brought in sync with those of the regulators, monitoring and regulatory policies aimed at curbing illegal smuggling become efficacious. Our results indicate that when communities residing in the vicinity of wildlife protection areas see a rapid change in their environmental preferences owing to economic development within the region, it aids in biodiversity protection by making stringent monitoring and regulatory measures acceptable. However, promoting economic development may require providing higher access to biodiversity preservation areas in the initial stages even if it comes at the cost of mild habitat degradation. When the probability of catching illegal smugglers is a function of cooperation received from the local inhabitants, it is optimal to invest in policy measures that improve local economic well-being and willingness to cooperate before increasing monitoring efforts. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 341-360 Issue: 4 Volume: 6 Year: 2017 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1310673 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1310673 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:4:p:341-360 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Seok-Joon Hwang Author-X-Name-First: Seok-Joon Author-X-Name-Last: Hwang Author-Name: KwangUk Kim Author-X-Name-First: KwangUk Author-X-Name-Last: Kim Title: An understanding on the relationship between the employment and the environmental policy Abstract: This study proposes a bridge between traditional production technology and pollution abatement technology. It is assumed that a positive externality from pollution abatement improves the productivity of the production factor and thus externality can explain the effects of the environmental policy on job creation. Furthermore, this study proposes some viable remedial steps for policy-makers which would enable them to design a more effective policy by taking into account both the direction of technology advancement and the current level of pollution abatement technology, which are considered to be important for firms to increase their labour demand. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 361-373 Issue: 4 Volume: 6 Year: 2017 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1319296 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1319296 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:4:p:361-373 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ewa Zawojska Author-X-Name-First: Ewa Author-X-Name-Last: Zawojska Author-Name: Mikołaj Czajkowski Author-X-Name-First: Mikołaj Author-X-Name-Last: Czajkowski Title: Re-examining empirical evidence on stated preferences: importance of incentive compatibility Abstract: The stated preference (SP) methods use respondents’ stated choices made in hypothetical situations to infer their preferences for environmental and other public goods. These methods enable researchers to express the general public's preferences in monetary terms, and hence, to estimate the economic value of a change in the quantity or quality of the goods. However, a key question remains regarding SP methods’ validity: do the value estimates obtained from an SP study reflect respondents’ true preferences? Numerous empirical investigations have tested SP methods’ validity, but overall conclusions are mixed. We critically re-evaluate this evidence considering the issue of the necessary conditions for incentive compatibility of SP surveys. Our analysis shows that once theory-based conditions for incentive compatibility are taken into account, the available studies consistently show that the SP methods provide valid estimates of actual preferences. As a result, we argue that SP surveys must be made incentive compatible in order to observe consumers’ true preferences. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 374-403 Issue: 4 Volume: 6 Year: 2017 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1322537 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1322537 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:4:p:374-403 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kine Josefine Aurland-Bredesen Author-X-Name-First: Kine Josefine Author-X-Name-Last: Aurland-Bredesen Title: Too green to be good: the efficiency loss of the Norwegian electric vehicle policy Abstract: Norway has the largest share of electric vehicles per capita in the world. This is a result of an extensive government policy providing electric vehicle users with benefits such as tax exemptions, free parking and access to bus lanes. The green policy is not without costs and the aim of this article is to estimate the efficiency loss caused by the Norwegian electric vehicle policy. I apply a partial equilibrium model for the personal transportation market in Oslo and define an efficient policy as a policy that minimises the excess burden of taxation under negative externalities. The estimated reduction in excess burden when taxation on conventional vehicle is fixed ranges between 2.4% and 3.8%. When both taxation on electric and conventional vehicle are optimal, the reduction in excess burden is between 3.4% and 4.9%. The estimates show that the current policy is not economically efficient and suggest that a combination of a reduction in electric vehicle subsidies and an increase in taxation on conventional vehicle yields the most efficient policy. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 404-414 Issue: 4 Volume: 6 Year: 2017 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1325408 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1325408 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:4:p:404-414 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paolo Agnolucci Author-X-Name-First: Paolo Author-X-Name-Last: Agnolucci Author-Name: Florian Flachenecker Author-X-Name-First: Florian Author-X-Name-Last: Flachenecker Author-Name: Magnus Söderberg Author-X-Name-First: Magnus Author-X-Name-Last: Söderberg Title: The causal impact of economic growth on material use in Europe Abstract: Several scholars and policy-makers have claimed that Europe, and Western Europe in particular, has managed to ‘decouple’ economic growth from material use. We identify and address one major limitation in the existing literature – failure to take the endogeneity of economic growth into account. Based on a panel data-set of 32 European countries from 2000 to 2014, we estimate the causal impact of gross domestic product (GDP) on domestic material consumption (DMC) applying an instrumental variable approach. We use the number of storm occurrences as an instrument for GDP, which we show is both relevant and valid. Our results provide new evidence that increasing the GDP growth rate causes the DMC growth rate to increase for Western Europe, whereas the effect is insignificant for the Eastern European economies and Europe as a whole. As our results partly question current wisdom on the achievements of ‘decoupling’, especially among European policy-makers, we offer two explanations that are consistent with these results. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 415-432 Issue: 4 Volume: 6 Year: 2017 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1325780 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1325780 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:4:p:415-432 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sonia Afrin Author-X-Name-First: Sonia Author-X-Name-Last: Afrin Author-Name: Mohammed Ziaul Haider Author-X-Name-First: Mohammed Ziaul Author-X-Name-Last: Haider Author-Name: Md. Sariful Islam Author-X-Name-First: Md. Sariful Author-X-Name-Last: Islam Title: Optimal use of pesticide for paddy production in the south-west region of Bangladesh Abstract: Use of pesticide in agricultural production abates crop damages from pest attack. However, it affects farmers’ health and environmental ecology negatively. Hence, revealing socially optimal level of pesticide use is an essence. We estimate such optimal level by accounting both positive and negative effects through using damage control and willingness to pay approaches, and then, compute associated social welfare gain for paddy production in the south-west region of Bangladesh. Similar studies focusing paddy production, one of the most pesticide-intensive agricultural practices in Bangladesh, have not been found in the literature. The study finds the socially optimal level of pesticide use to be 1081 gram/acre against the mean use 1600 gram/acre. Accordingly, around 32 percent of mean pesticide is overused, though it is far below than the private optimal level. Adoption of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) technology with training limits such overuses close to socially optimal level. This adoption generates substantial health and environmental benefit of BDT 4902 per acre at a cost of private loss BDT 241 per acre. Hence, social welfare gain is around BDT 4660 per acre or around US$ 200 million in aggregate. However, this estimate widely varies with the adoption of IPM with or without training. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 433-457 Issue: 4 Volume: 6 Year: 2017 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1333461 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1333461 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:4:p:433-457 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Acknowledgement of Referees, 2016–2017 Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 458-459 Issue: 4 Volume: 6 Year: 2017 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1392699 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1392699 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:4:p:458-459 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Benjamin A. Jones Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin A. Author-X-Name-Last: Jones Author-Name: Robert P. Berrens Author-X-Name-First: Robert P. Author-X-Name-Last: Berrens Author-Name: Hank Jenkins-Smith Author-X-Name-First: Hank Author-X-Name-Last: Jenkins-Smith Author-Name: Carol Silva Author-X-Name-First: Carol Author-X-Name-Last: Silva Author-Name: Joseph Ripberger Author-X-Name-First: Joseph Author-X-Name-Last: Ripberger Author-Name: Deven Carlson Author-X-Name-First: Deven Author-X-Name-Last: Carlson Title: Inclusive non-market valuation in Coupled Human and Natural Systems (CHANS): a motivating theory Abstract: Selectively focusing non-market valuation studies for operational changes in singular stretches or components of complex, coupled human and natural systems (CHANS) ignores important social and cultural dimensions of value. If economists pursue measurement of non-market values in CHANS, then an inclusive approach is required that is not biased towards one value frame (e.g. environmental amenities in one stretch or area) in contested, multi-dimensional policy domains. Ignoring social and cultural value dimensions, or environmental effects or trade-offs in other areas or dimensions, can lead to biased willingness to pay estimates for proposed operational changes, biased benefit-cost analyses, and hence misinformed or inefficient policy outcomes. This analysis provides a conceptual approach for elicitation of non-market values in CHANS using hydroelectric dams on interconnected river systems as an archetypical coupled system. A motivating theory for CHANS valuation and how it compares to traditional, singular measurements of environmental and resource values is provided. Lessons learned from the hydropower context are generalisable to other CHANS where contested environmental, social and cultural dimensions of value exist. This work has important policy implications for measuring a broader, more inclusive range of non-market values and public preferences. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 1-16 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1479315 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1479315 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:1:p:1-16 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cesar Augusto Ruiz–Agudelo Author-X-Name-First: Cesar Augusto Author-X-Name-Last: Ruiz–Agudelo Author-Name: German Sánchez Pérez Author-X-Name-First: German Author-X-Name-Last: Sánchez Pérez Author-Name: Jorge Enrique Sáenz Author-X-Name-First: Jorge Enrique Author-X-Name-Last: Sáenz Author-Name: Luz Aydée Higuera Cárdenas Author-X-Name-First: Luz Aydée Author-X-Name-Last: Higuera Cárdenas Title: Biodiversity and growth in Colombia, 1995–2015: an approach from the environmental kuznets hypothesis Abstract: The literature that studied the ratio between economy and environment has been concerned with contrasting the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis (EKC). Traditionally, environmental degradation has been measured through some ‘proxy’ of air pollution (CO2, for example). This paper contrasts the EKC hypothesis validity for Colombia, in the period 1995–2015; but, unlike traditional studies, biodiversity was taken as an environmental damage variable, which is calculated from the endangered species total number. The per capita income, the GINI coefficient, the environmental performance index of Yale University (EPI) and the literacy rate were included as explanatory variables. The results show that the EKC hypothesis is not met for Colombia in the estimated period. It is possible to conclude that the relationship between the environment and economic growth is context depend. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 17-31 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1491894 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1491894 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:1:p:17-31 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. A. Bouma Author-X-Name-First: J. A. Author-X-Name-Last: Bouma Author-Name: M. Verbraak Author-X-Name-First: M. Author-X-Name-Last: Verbraak Author-Name: F. Dietz Author-X-Name-First: F. Author-X-Name-Last: Dietz Author-Name: R. Brouwer Author-X-Name-First: R. Author-X-Name-Last: Brouwer Title: Policy mix: mess or merit? Abstract: Many researchers and policy makers have called for optimal policy mixes to address major issues such as climate change and biodiversity conservation. This paper i) screens and reviews the wider academic literature to define the concept of policy mixes; ii) discusses the justifications for using a policymix and iii) explores the methodologies for evaluating them. In defining a policymix we distinguish between policy objective mixes and policy instrument mixes. Justifications for policy objective mixes generally lie in the domain of distributional concerns and other political issues, whereas justifications for policy instrument mixes are mostly related to specific market, governance or behavioural failures. We reflect on the different justifications and discuss their role in policy mix design and evaluation. We consider the challenges of policy mix evaluation and discuss the potential of experimental methods for policy evaluation and design. We conclude that the design and evaluation of policy mixes requires a mix of methods, since no single method can effectively assess the various welfare impacts of different policy instruments. In addition, we recommend that a policymix evaluation starts by disentangling the different policy objectives, means and instruments in order to be able to define, justify and assess the societal impact and cost-effectiveness of policy instrument design. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 32-47 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1494636 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1494636 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:1:p:32-47 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paul Kilgarriff Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Kilgarriff Author-Name: Thomas K. J. McDermott Author-X-Name-First: Thomas K. J. Author-X-Name-Last: McDermott Author-Name: Amaya Vega Author-X-Name-First: Amaya Author-X-Name-Last: Vega Author-Name: Karyn Morrissey Author-X-Name-First: Karyn Author-X-Name-Last: Morrissey Author-Name: Cathal O'Donoghue Author-X-Name-First: Cathal Author-X-Name-Last: O'Donoghue Title: The impact of flooding disruption on the spatial distribution of commuter's income Abstract: Flooding already imposes substantial costs to the economy. Costs are expected to rise in future, both as a result of changing weather patterns due to climate change, but also because of changes in exposure to flood risk resulting from socio-economic trends such as economic growth and urbanisation. Existing cost estimates tend to focus on direct damages, excluding potentially important indirect effects such as disruptions to transport and other essential services. This paper estimates the costs to commuters as a result of travel disruptions caused by a flooding event. Using Galway, Ireland as a case study, the commuting travel times under the status quo and during the period of the floods and estimated additional costs imposed, are simulated for every commuter. Results show those already facing large commuting costs are burdened with extra costs with those in rural areas particularly vulnerable. In areas badly affected, extra costs amount to 39% of earnings (during the period of disruption), while those on lower incomes suffer proportionately greater losses. Commuting is found to have a regressive impact on the income distribution, increasing the Gini coefficient from 0.32 to 0.38. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 48-64 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1502098 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1502098 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:1:p:48-64 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kathy A. Paulson Gjerde Author-X-Name-First: Kathy A. Author-X-Name-Last: Paulson Gjerde Author-Name: Peter Z. Grossman Author-X-Name-First: Peter Z. Author-X-Name-Last: Grossman Author-Name: Daniel H. Cole Author-X-Name-First: Daniel H. Author-X-Name-Last: Cole Title: Environmental instrument choice in a non-linear world Abstract: The substantial literature on environmental instrument choice under uncertainty has provided valuable insights using simplifying assumptions of linear marginal cost and benefit curves and additive error terms to determine when and why a price or quantity instrument should be preferred. But empirical analysis has shown that linearity and additivity are not the norm. This paper explores the formal properties of instrument choice when the marginal benefit and marginal cost curves are non-linear; the error term is multiplicative and assumed to be exponential; and the choice is expanded to include comparisons among different price and different quantity regimes, as well as choices between these types. In this more realistic environment, we show that small changes in variance and parameter values can have a significant impact on optimal instrument choices. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 65-78 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1505554 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1505554 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:1:p:65-78 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Raul P. Lejano Author-X-Name-First: Raul P. Author-X-Name-Last: Lejano Author-Name: Li Li Author-X-Name-First: Li Author-X-Name-Last: Li Title: Cooperative game-theoretic perspectives on global climate action: Evaluating international carbon reduction agreements Abstract: The theory of cooperative n-person games offers a rigorous approach for analysing multilateral real-world agreements, but its practical application is hindered by the exacting data requirements demanded by the fully specified theoretical models. In this article, we demonstrate how the formal analytic can be made more amenable to application. We utilize our approach to model international climate negotiations as an n-person cooperative game, the solution of which allocates carbon reductions across the grand coalition of nations. Using a simplified game to represent the carbon reduction allocation problem, we obtain theoretical solutions using a game-theoretic concept known as the proportional nucleolus. The solution to the game allows us to ideally determine countries’ relative percentage carbon reductions. These theoretical results are compared against actual commitments established in the Paris Agreement of 2015. The paper discusses the implications of the game-theoretic results, including the significant under-commitment of nations such as the United States. More generally, the approach developed herein provides an illustration of how rigorous game-theoretic methods can be adapted to the practical considerations of policy analysis. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 79-89 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1508373 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1508373 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:1:p:79-89 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christian Spindler Author-X-Name-First: Christian Author-X-Name-Last: Spindler Author-Name: Jalal Dehnavi Author-X-Name-First: Jalal Author-X-Name-Last: Dehnavi Author-Name: Franz Wirl Author-X-Name-First: Franz Author-X-Name-Last: Wirl Title: Individuals' valuation of a publicly provided private good evidence from a field study Abstract: This paper assesses the Willingness to Pay (WTP) for a publicly provided bike sharing service whose costs are in large part covered by the municipality of Vienna, Austria. The following characteristics render it valuable for analyses: the possibility to free ride, a (perceived) positive externality of use, negligible income effects, perfect substitutability, and the credibility of valuation scenarios. We also address the disparity between Willingness to Accept (WTA) and WTP, and we find a mean WTP of EUR 1.2 for the bike sharing system and a disparity of 2:1 (WTA to WTP). Female participants as well as respondents who condition their valuation on those of others are willing to contribute more; and surprisingly those who actually use the bike sharing system as well as environmentally concerned respondents have a lower WTP. This Environmental Concern Paradox can be explained by an incorporation of positive externalities into individual valuation decisions. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 90-108 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1509734 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1509734 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:1:p:90-108 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marie Sophie Hervieux Author-X-Name-First: Marie Sophie Author-X-Name-Last: Hervieux Author-Name: Olivier Darné Author-X-Name-First: Olivier Author-X-Name-Last: Darné Title: Production and consumption-based approaches for the environmental Kuznets curve using ecological footprint Abstract: We examine the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis using the ecological footprint (EF), a more comprehensive indicator of environmental degradation, for 11 countries covering the 1971–2007 period. We test the EKC hypothesis using a traditional quadratic function from both the supply and consumption side, adding several explicative variables: urbanisation, petrol price and industrialisation for the supply side; biocapacity, life expectancy and energy use for the consumption side. We perform an autoregressive distributed lagged modelling in order to study both short- and long-run periods. We find that there is no stable relationship between the environment and economic development in the long-run. For the short-run analysis, the EKC hypothesis is supported for no one, we rather find an increasing relationship between growth and environment. Results for explicative variables are mixed: for the production-side approach, industrialisation appears to have a positive impact on EF for Sweden, but a negative one for Portugal and Spain. For the consumption-side approach, energy use seems to have a positive impact on EF for Argentina and Colombia whereas biocapacity and life expectancy have a positive and negative impact, respectively, on EF for Paraguay. Lastly, biocapacity has a positive impact on EF for Canada but negative for Norway, likely depending on levels of biocapacity and ecological reserve. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 318-334 Issue: 3 Volume: 5 Year: 2016 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2015.1090346 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2015.1090346 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:5:y:2016:i:3:p:318-334 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rachael M. Brown Author-X-Name-First: Rachael M. Author-X-Name-Last: Brown Author-Name: Carl R. Dillon Author-X-Name-First: Carl R. Author-X-Name-Last: Dillon Author-Name: Jack Schieffer Author-X-Name-First: Jack Author-X-Name-Last: Schieffer Author-Name: Jordan M. Shockley Author-X-Name-First: Jordan M. Author-X-Name-Last: Shockley Title: The carbon footprint and economic impact of precision agriculture technology on a corn and soybean farm Abstract: This study explores the environmental and economic implications of precision agriculture technologies (PATs) to partially fill the void in empirically based estimates in the available published literature. In doing so, the carbon footprint of a Kentucky grain farmer under different production strategies is estimated. A BASE model was optimised without utilising any PATs and compared to models which did incorporate three PATs: sub-meter auto-steer, RTK auto-steer and automatic section control. The four whole farm analysis models were formulated under no-till conditions. These models were used to determine if these PATs (1) increase expected mean net returns and/or (2) enhance the carbon output–input ratio. The results show that all PATs produce improvements in both economic and environmental measures over the BASE model. Specifically, automatic section control gave the greatest economic improvement with a mean net return that was 0.59% over the BASE while RTK provided the greatest environmental enhancement with an improvement of 2.42% over the BASE model. All of the improvements over the BASE scenario can be attributed to the adoption of PAT in the models. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 335-348 Issue: 3 Volume: 5 Year: 2016 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2015.1090932 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2015.1090932 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:5:y:2016:i:3:p:335-348 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tanya O'Garra Author-X-Name-First: Tanya Author-X-Name-Last: O'Garra Author-Name: Susana Mourato Author-X-Name-First: Susana Author-X-Name-Last: Mourato Title: Are we willing to give what it takes? Willingness to pay for climate change adaptation in developing countries Abstract: Climate change adaptation is gaining traction as a necessary policy alongside mitigation, particularly for developing countries, many of which lack the resources to adapt. However, funding for developing country adaptation remains woefully inadequate. This paper identifies the burden of responsibility that individuals in the UK are willing to incur in support of adaptation projects in developing countries. Results from a nationally representative survey indicate that UK residents are willing to contribute £27 per year (or a median of £6 per year) towards developing country adaptation (US$30 and $7 using the World Bank's purchasing power conversion factors). This represents less than one-third of the back-of-the-envelope $100–$140 per capita per year that the authors estimate would be needed to raise the $70–$100 bn/yr recommended by the World Bank to fund developing country adaptation. Regressions indicate that willingness to pay is driven mostly by a combination of beliefs and perceptions about one's own knowledge levels, rather than actual knowledge of climate change. We conclude that, to engage the many different audiences that make up the ‘public’, communication efforts must move beyond the simple provision of information and instead, connect with people's existing values and beliefs. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 249-264 Issue: 3 Volume: 5 Year: 2016 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2015.1100560 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2015.1100560 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:5:y:2016:i:3:p:249-264 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anna-Kaisa Kosenius Author-X-Name-First: Anna-Kaisa Author-X-Name-Last: Kosenius Author-Name: Paula Horne Author-X-Name-First: Paula Author-X-Name-Last: Horne Title: Welfare effects of mining externalities: a combined travel cost and contingent behaviour study Abstract: This paper applied the combination of travel cost method and contingent behaviour method to estimate the change in the recreational use value of the tourism site as a result of the adjacent mine implementation. The externalities considered were the visibility of the mine to the highest peaks of the area, traffic and noise effects, impacts on endangered aquatic species, and impacts on recreational possibilities. The data, containing five observations from each respondent, were analysed with the negative binomial count data model. The results show the sensitivity of visitors to the geographical scope and magnitude of mining externalities and to the visibility of the mine to the highest peaks. Moreover, the number of intended visits to the area correlates with gender, age, and recreational activities. Compared to an average visitor of the site, anglers, paddlers, and overnight hikers were subject to larger losses in welfare. Alternative scenarios on future mining externalities correspond to 29%–86% reductions in annual number of trips, corresponding to an annual welfare loss of 196–577€ for an average tourist. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 265-282 Issue: 3 Volume: 5 Year: 2016 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2015.1107511 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2015.1107511 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:5:y:2016:i:3:p:265-282 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: O. Ashton Morgan Author-X-Name-First: O. Ashton Author-X-Name-Last: Morgan Author-Name: John C. Whitehead Author-X-Name-First: John C. Author-X-Name-Last: Whitehead Author-Name: William L. Huth Author-X-Name-First: William L. Author-X-Name-Last: Huth Title: Accounting for heterogeneity in behavioural responses to health-risk information treatments Abstract: Traditional revealed and stated preference models consider a typical individual's behavioural responses to various policy-based information treatments. For some cost–benefit applications in which resource managers are concerned with responses from a representative individual, this is sufficient. However, as behavioural responses to information treatments can vary across respondents, we develop a latent class analysis with covariates to examine unobserved heterogeneity responses to health-risk information treatments. Results from a probabilistic model indicate that classes of consumers respond differently to the health-risk information treatments. Principally, we find that the media form of the information treatment is important, with raw consumer groups typically more responsive to a brochure information treatment, while cooked oyster consumers are more responsive to the same information in a video format. We also find that a proposed US Food and Drug Administration policy on processing all raw oysters before market has a greater effect on reducing demand for consumers of cooked oysters. However, with an associated price premium, all consumer classes reduce demand. Overall, the results suggest that future policy-based research could benefit from examining potential heterogeneity in individuals’ responses to risk information treatments in order to fully understand the efficacy of treatments on behaviour. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 283-297 Issue: 3 Volume: 5 Year: 2016 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2015.1115747 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2015.1115747 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:5:y:2016:i:3:p:283-297 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maria Noring Author-X-Name-First: Maria Author-X-Name-Last: Noring Author-Name: Linus Hasselström Author-X-Name-First: Linus Author-X-Name-Last: Hasselström Author-Name: Cecilia Håkansson Author-X-Name-First: Cecilia Author-X-Name-Last: Håkansson Author-Name: Åsa Soutukorva Author-X-Name-First: Åsa Author-X-Name-Last: Soutukorva Author-Name: Åsa Gren Author-X-Name-First: Åsa Author-X-Name-Last: Gren Title: Valuation of oil spill risk reductions in the Arctic Abstract: In this study, data from a contingent valuation (CV) study in Lofoten, Norway, are used to assess the value of ecosystem services at risk from oil spills in the Arctic. It is investigated to which extent subjective opinion about the probability of a potential oil spill steers respondents’ willingness to pay (WTP) for reducing risk. The respondents’ preferences are analysed for ecosystem services. Finally, differences in WTP for two hypothetical spill scenarios are considered: one where measures are taken to reduce the probability of a spill and one where measures are taken to reduce the probability and impacts in the event of an accident. The findings indicate that measures should focus on alleviating the impacts of oil spills on ecosystem services generally, rather than on any specific ecosystem service. Furthermore, respondents’ perception of risk is higher than the estimated objective risk. The findings also suggest that respondents are more concerned about preventing the occurrence of oil spill accidents (usually considered to be more frequent than they actually are) compared to preventing the impacts of a spill. One policy implication is to focus more on policies that decrease the probability of spills than on policies that decrease the subsequent ecological impact. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 298-317 Issue: 3 Volume: 5 Year: 2016 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2016.1155499 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2016.1155499 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:5:y:2016:i:3:p:298-317 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Editorial Board Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: ebi-ebi Issue: 3 Volume: 5 Year: 2016 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2016.1215597 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2016.1215597 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:5:y:2016:i:3:p:ebi-ebi Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Acknowledgement of Referees, 2015-2016 Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 349-349 Issue: 3 Volume: 5 Year: 2016 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2016.1216306 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2016.1216306 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:5:y:2016:i:3:p:349-349 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Malte Oehlmann Author-X-Name-First: Malte Author-X-Name-Last: Oehlmann Author-Name: Jürgen Meyerhoff Author-X-Name-First: Jürgen Author-X-Name-Last: Meyerhoff Title: Stated preferences towards renewable energy alternatives in Germany – do the consequentiality of the survey and trust in institutions matter? Abstract: This research concerns the effect of consequentiality and trust in institutions on willingness to pay estimates towards the expansion of renewable energy in Germany. We use four information treatments which differ in terms of the information participants received prior to a discrete choice experiment. Treatments differ with respect to a consequentiality device and the institution which would be responsible for providing the good under evaluation. After finishing the choice tasks, respondents stated their perceived consequentiality and trust in institutions. We find perceived policy consequentiality to be strongly associated with the trust individuals have in both providing institutions. Moreover, compared to the treatments which did not highlight the consequences of the survey, participants are more inclined to perceive their responses to be at least somewhat consequential when the consequentiality device was presented. However, willingness to pay estimates do neither differ across treatments nor by the level of perceived consequentiality. We speculate that as the expansion of renewable energy is strongly debated with the public having a wide range of beliefs and political views, the requirements for consequential choices are not met. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 1-16 Issue: 1 Volume: 6 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2016.1139468 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2016.1139468 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:1:p:1-16 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ram Ranjan Author-X-Name-First: Ram Author-X-Name-Last: Ranjan Title: Tuskers, tasty crops and the forest tribes in between: managing HECs through financial incentives in human–elephant–forest ecosystems Abstract: Managing human–elephant conflicts can be challenging, especially when they arise as a result of an increase in elephant populations made possible through decades of conservation efforts. In addition to causing elephant mortality, the economic costs of such conflicts to the affected farming communities can be significant. In this paper, we explore the effectiveness of various financial compensation schemes provided to the affected farmers when their crops are damaged by elephant raiding. A bio-economic model involving elephant and forest stock dynamics is incorporated within an optimal crop choice model of the farming community. Results indicate that flat compensation schemes based on a certain percentage of crop damages cause perverse incentives in crop choice decisions, and yet could be beneficial to the environment. Whereas, crop-ratio-based compensation schemes targeted at reducing human–elephant conflicts through encouraging planting of crops that are less palatable to elephants may or may not be effective in conserving elephant population. Several key characteristics of the human–elephant–forest ecosystem interact to determine the efficaciousness of financial incentives, and outcomes vary across types of affected communities depending upon whether they are primarily agrarian or forestry based. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 79-95 Issue: 1 Volume: 6 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2016.1162209 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2016.1162209 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:1:p:79-95 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Danny Campbell Author-X-Name-First: Danny Author-X-Name-Last: Campbell Author-Name: Morten Raun Mørkbak Author-X-Name-First: Morten Raun Author-X-Name-Last: Mørkbak Author-Name: Søren Bøye Olsen Author-X-Name-First: Søren Bøye Author-X-Name-Last: Olsen Title: Response time in online stated choice experiments: the non-triviality of identifying fast and slow respondents Abstract: In this paper, we use paradata relating to the length of time respondents required in a self-administered online stated preference surveys. Although this issue has been previously explored, there is little guidance on how to identify and deal with ‘fast’ and ‘slow’ respondents. In this paper, we use scale-adjusted latent class models to address preference and variance heterogeneity and explore how class membership varies with response latency. To test our methodology, we use stated choice data collected via an online survey to establish German anglers’ preferences for fishing site attributes in Denmark. Results from our analysis corroborate that response latency has a bearing on the estimates of utility coefficients and the error variance. Although the results highlight the non-triviality of identifying fast and slow respondents, they signal the need to estimate a large number of candidate models to identify the most appropriate ‘fast’ and ‘slow’ thresholds. Not doing so is likely to lead to an inferior model and has repercussions for marginal willingness to pay estimates and choice predictions. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 17-35 Issue: 1 Volume: 6 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2016.1167632 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2016.1167632 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:1:p:17-35 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anthea Coggan Author-X-Name-First: Anthea Author-X-Name-Last: Coggan Author-Name: Martijn van Grieken Author-X-Name-First: Martijn Author-X-Name-Last: van Grieken Author-Name: Xavier Jardi Author-X-Name-First: Xavier Author-X-Name-Last: Jardi Author-Name: Alexis Boullier Author-X-Name-First: Alexis Author-X-Name-Last: Boullier Title: Does asset specificity influence transaction costs and adoption? An analysis of sugarcane farmers in the Great Barrier Reef catchments Abstract: A number of improved farming activities (IFAs) have been proven to reduce the sediment and nutrient impact of sugarcane farming on the world heritage listed Great Barrier Reef (Australia). Some of these also have the potential to improve the profitability of sugarcane farming. Despite this, sugarcane farmers remain reluctant to adopt these practices which suggest that perhaps the transaction costs of adoption are greater than the benefits. In this paper we classify IFAs as requiring investments in assets that are either highly asset-specific or of low asset specificity. Specificity relates to how transferable the investment is to other parts of the farming operation. Following a survey of sugarcane farmers we find that sugarcane farmers adopting IFAs considered to be of low asset specificity have the highest transaction costs. We provide some explanations for this result, some policy recommendations and also highlight some issues relating to the application of a theoretical construct such as asset specificity to real-world problem analysis. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 36-50 Issue: 1 Volume: 6 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2016.1175975 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2016.1175975 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:1:p:36-50 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. David Simpson Author-X-Name-First: R. David Author-X-Name-Last: Simpson Title: The simple but not-too-simple valuation of ecosystem services: basic principles and an illustrative example Abstract: Albert Einstein is reputed to have said ‘Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler.’ This is good advice for valuing ecosystem services. The fundamental principle of economic valuation is simple, but powerful: value is determined on the margin. This means that context is crucial in estimating ecosystem service values and, therefore, ‘benefit transfer’ exercises that fail to account for location and relative abundance are, at best, meaningless, and at worst, counterproductive. I illustrate the principles of valuation with the example of water purification by riparian buffers. Values can differ greatly over even relatively small areas, and some ostensibly paradoxical results can arise. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 96-106 Issue: 1 Volume: 6 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2016.1184594 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2016.1184594 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:1:p:96-106 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jie He Author-X-Name-First: Jie Author-X-Name-Last: He Author-Name: Jérôme Dupras Author-X-Name-First: Jérôme Author-X-Name-Last: Dupras Author-Name: Thomas G. Poder Author-X-Name-First: Thomas Author-X-Name-Last: G. Poder Title: The value of wetlands in Quebec: a comparison between contingent valuation and choice experiment Abstract: This study aims to evaluate the non-market values of ecosystem services generated by wetlands in southern Quebec. To accomplish this, we evaluated the value of wetland services related to (1) habitat for biodiversity, (2) flood control, (3) water quality and (4) climate regulation. Two non-market valuation methods are proposed, contingent valuation and choice experiment. Our study aims to measure both the population's willingness to pay (WTP) for wetland preservation and restoration and to understand which environmental attributes and socioeconomic characteristics motivate people's responses. We also compared the results of the two methods. Our conclusion suggests that the two methods provide statistically convergent WTP values, both in total value and in relative importance for different attributes involved. Our result also confirms the coefficient equivalence between the estimation models using the data from the two methods. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 51-78 Issue: 1 Volume: 6 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2016.1199976 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2016.1199976 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:1:p:51-78 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Grazia Cecere Author-X-Name-First: Grazia Author-X-Name-Last: Cecere Author-Name: Nick Johnstone Author-X-Name-First: Nick Author-X-Name-Last: Johnstone Author-Name: Gionata Castaldi Author-X-Name-First: Gionata Author-X-Name-Last: Castaldi Title: Information and rewards: results of a field experiment on printing activity Abstract: Improved understanding of the nature and extent of individual concern for environmental issues is crucial for policy makers. The present article uses a within-subject field experiment to measure the impact on the consumption of paper of the provision of environmental information on the one hand and a reward on the other hand. It is found that adding the provision of a reward results in a greater decrease in the consumption of paper relative to the case where there is only the provision of information. However, it is important to note that while intrinsically motivated individuals reduce the consumption of paper in response to the provision of information, for this group there is no effect from the provision of a reward. In terms of policy and managerial implications, it is interesting to note that the different treatments have different impacts depending on the underlying personal norms of the agents. We are also able to test the responsiveness of the subjects to the treatments controlling for demographic characteristics and professional responsibilities. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 117-129 Issue: 2 Volume: 7 Year: 2018 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1369166 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1369166 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:2:p:117-129 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Waleed Aleadelat Author-X-Name-First: Waleed Author-X-Name-Last: Aleadelat Author-Name: Khaled Ksaibati Author-X-Name-First: Khaled Author-X-Name-Last: Ksaibati Title: A comprehensive approach for quantifying environmental costs associated with unpaved roads dust Abstract: This study attempted to quantify the environmental damage costs associated with unpaved roads dust in Wyoming. Dust has profound impacts on human health, agriculture, and livestock. Incorporating the environmental impacts in the decision making process can highly enhance the planning process and maximise the social welfare especially at the local level. It was found that, dust associated with unpaved roads is responsible for environmental damages that worth $2429/mile/year. The majority of this cost is related to changes in annual crops yield (68%) and human health (38%). Unpaved roads dust seems to have a minor impact on livestock production (1%). The total estimated environmental damage costs in Wyoming is $32 million/year. This value is equal to 0.08% of the total Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and 4.7% of the gross value added by the agriculture sector in the state. In addition, these impacts represent 0.1% of the total personal income in the state. A life cycle cost comparison showed that maintaining unpaved roads using chemical suppressants is 48% cheaper than traditional maintenance methods considering service life and environmental impacts. The obtained results from this analysis can be used as basis for cost to benefit evaluations in the management process. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 130-144 Issue: 2 Volume: 7 Year: 2018 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1374214 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1374214 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:2:p:130-144 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Abdalla Sirag Author-X-Name-First: Abdalla Author-X-Name-Last: Sirag Author-Name: Bolaji Tunde Matemilola Author-X-Name-First: Bolaji Tunde Author-X-Name-Last: Matemilola Author-Name: Siong Hook Law Author-X-Name-First: Siong Hook Author-X-Name-Last: Law Author-Name: A. N Bany-Ariffin Author-X-Name-First: A. N Author-X-Name-Last: Bany-Ariffin Title: Does environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis exist? Evidence from dynamic panel threshold Abstract: Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have been rising globally and have raised public concern regarding their detrimental effects to human life. This article investigates the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis in developing countries in a nonlinear framework. The article applies the dynamic panel threshold method, which is able to estimate the EKC turning point. The main findings reveal the existence of a nonlinear relationship between income (GDP per capita) and carbon dioxide emissions. Precisely, for developing countries (low and middle income) the results reveal that GDP per capita is positive and significantly related to CO2 emissions, below and above the threshold. These results challenge the validity of the EKC hypothesis in developing countries, suggesting that developing countries are still below the desired income turning point, at which better economic development will lead to reduced environmental damage. Based on the study findings, it may be inappropriate for the policymakers in developing countries to adopt the EKC postulate as the theoretical basis for policies favouring economic growth. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 145-165 Issue: 2 Volume: 7 Year: 2018 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1382395 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1382395 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:2:p:145-165 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Victor Moutinho Author-X-Name-First: Victor Author-X-Name-Last: Moutinho Author-Name: Celeste Varum Author-X-Name-First: Celeste Author-X-Name-Last: Varum Author-Name: Jorge Mota Author-X-Name-First: Jorge Author-X-Name-Last: Mota Title: The environment–growth dilemma: new evidence using a panel cointegration approach Abstract: This paper contributes to the literature by extending the long-run and the causal relationship between greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption and economic growth to a panel of 13 Portuguese economic sectors over the period 1975–2013. Hence, we test for the case of Portugal whether a relationship between economic activity and emissions exists, and what configuration that relation assumes, accounting for the structure of the economic activity, an aspect that has been neglected in previous literature. The sectoral approach followed in the study allows to account for the likely heterogeneity at sectoral level, to account for the structure of the economic activity and its changes over time, leading to an environment-economic analysis complementary to other findings. In this respect, the research on the relationship between emissions, energy consumption and economic growth carried out in this paper may be of relevance for policy-makers to better understand the energy–environment–growth dynamics. Such knowledge may support the design and implementation of more effective policies, which contribute to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases while preserving economic growth. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 166-183 Issue: 2 Volume: 7 Year: 2018 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1383312 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1383312 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:2:p:166-183 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Onur Sapci Author-X-Name-First: Onur Author-X-Name-Last: Sapci Author-Name: Jason F. Shogren Author-X-Name-First: Jason F. Author-X-Name-Last: Shogren Title: Environmental quality, human capital and growth Abstract: This study uses U.S. county-level pollution changes from 2007 to 2009 induced by the 2007–2009 recession to measure the impact of changes in air quality on human capital. The exogenous shocks to air quality are induced by a recession in manufacturing and construction sectors. This study compares the changes in human capital in counties that had large pollution reductions to the changes in human capital in counties with small pollution reductions while controlling for income changes and other heterogeneous trends across counties. We first present a motivating model to show how environmental degradation affects human capital investments through negative health effects. The model illustrates how poor environmental quality can slow economic growth due to negative impacts on human capital. Using an extensive panel data for U.S. counties, the empirical results show that a 1% reduction in pollution increases the human capital stock by 0.10%. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 184-203 Issue: 2 Volume: 7 Year: 2018 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1384403 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1384403 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:2:p:184-203 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Richard Mulwa Author-X-Name-First: Richard Author-X-Name-Last: Mulwa Author-Name: Jane Kabubo-Mariara Author-X-Name-First: Jane Author-X-Name-Last: Kabubo-Mariara Author-Name: Wilfred Nyangena Author-X-Name-First: Wilfred Author-X-Name-Last: Nyangena Title: Recreational value and optimal pricing of national parks: lessons from Maasai Mara in Kenya Abstract: This paper estimates the recreational value and optimal pricing for recreation services in the Maasai Mara National Park in Kenya. To achieve this objective, data from 323 Park visitors were collected. Single-site individual travel cost method (ITCM) using count data models [zero truncated Poisson (ZTP), zero truncated negative binomial (ZTNB), negative binomial with endogenous stratification (NBSTRAT), and Poisson with endogenous stratification (PSTRAT)] was applied. Results show a consumer surplus of US$ 115 per visitor per day, which translates to a Park recreational value of is US$ 73.076 million per year. The optimal conservation fee that would maximize revenue for the Park was estimated at US$ 86.90 per day, a value which is less than the consumer surplus. To maximize revenue, the Park managers can therefore hike the price to capture some consumer surplus or invest in substitute facilities to increase expenditure at the site (onsite costs). It's also important to note that the value estimated in this study is for recreation only. There are other ecosystem services (provisioning, regulating, cultural and supporting) which are produced in the Park. These should also be captured and paid for, so as to avail more funds for conservation and production of more ecosystem services. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 204-222 Issue: 2 Volume: 7 Year: 2018 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1391716 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1391716 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:2:p:204-222 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xuanhao He Author-X-Name-First: Xuanhao Author-X-Name-Last: He Author-Name: Na Lu Author-X-Name-First: Na Author-X-Name-Last: Lu Author-Name: Robert P. Berrens Author-X-Name-First: Robert P. Author-X-Name-Last: Berrens Title: The case of the missing negative externality? Housing market effects of fracking in the Niobrara shale play, Colorado Abstract: Recent rapid growth of shale gas exploration in the state of Colorado (CO) and elsewhere in the United States has caused considerable public concern over potential environmental costs to local communities, proximal to the location of energy development. In Weld County, CO, shale gas exploration has grown substantially since 2013. Both population and new construction of houses also increased significantly after 2012. Combined, this increased the potential for negative externalities. The objective of the analysis is to apply the hedonic pricing method, using single-family residential data from October 2014 to March 2017 and a temporal-spatial identification strategy, to estimate the environmental cost of shale gas exploration on nearby house prices in Weld County, CO. However, results from spatial econometric models provide no evidence of significant environmental impacts on housing values. Our policy discussion explores a possible Coasian bargaining solution as the source for this case of a missing negative externality. The energy and housing markets appear to be internalising externalities, where side payments from energy developers to homeowners are enough to compensate for any environmental impacts to housing. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 223-243 Issue: 3 Volume: 7 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1398683 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1398683 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:223-243 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jeff Bennett Author-X-Name-First: Jeff Author-X-Name-Last: Bennett Author-Name: Jeremy Cheesman Author-X-Name-First: Jeremy Author-X-Name-Last: Cheesman Author-Name: Keysha Milenkovic Author-X-Name-First: Keysha Author-X-Name-Last: Milenkovic Title: Prioritising environmental management investments using the Contingent Valuation Method Abstract: An innovative application of the Contingent Valuation Method in the context of prioritising and assessing investments in improving waterway health is described. The approach provides respondents with a feedback loop that allows for a reassessment of amounts bid across a range of investment categories. It allows respondents the opportunity to consider trade-offs between different categories of waterway health investment and between overall waterway health expenditure and spending on other goods and services. The process also reinforces the consequentiality of the survey, thus encouraging the truthful revelation of preferences, and reduces the risk of part-whole bias. The results provide policy-makers with cost-effective inputs into practical decision making contexts. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 244-255 Issue: 3 Volume: 7 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1405848 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1405848 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:244-255 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gaspard Dumollard Author-X-Name-First: Gaspard Author-X-Name-Last: Dumollard Author-Name: Stéphane De Cara Author-X-Name-First: Stéphane Author-X-Name-Last: De Cara Title: Land allocation between a multiple-stand forest and agriculture under storm risk and recursive preferences Abstract: This study aims to characterise steady-state land allocations between a multiple-stand forest and agriculture, when the forest is subject to a storm risk. The landowner is supposed to have recursive preferences, which permits to distinguish between intertemporal preferences and risk preferences. Using a stochastic dynamic programming model, we show that both land allocation and forest management depend on the risk and on both types of preferences at the steady-state. Risk aversion is shown to favour land allocation to agriculture and to reduce the forest average harvest age while the preference for a regular income is shown to favour forestry and to reduce the average harvest age. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 256-268 Issue: 3 Volume: 7 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1409654 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1409654 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:256-268 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thijs Dekker Author-X-Name-First: Thijs Author-X-Name-Last: Dekker Author-Name: Caspar G. Chorus Author-X-Name-First: Caspar G. Author-X-Name-Last: Chorus Title: Consumer surplus for random regret minimisation models Abstract: This paper is the first to develop a measure of consumer surplus for the Random Regret Minimisation (RRM) model. Following a not so well-known approach proposed two decades ago, we measure (changes in) consumer surplus by studying (changes in) observed behaviour, i.e. the choice probability, in response to price (changes). We interpret the choice probability as a well-behaved approximation of the probabilistic demand curve and accordingly measure the consumer surplus as the area underneath this demand curve. The developed welfare measure enables researchers to assign a measure of consumer surplus to specific alternatives in the context of a given choice set. Moreover, we are able to value changes in the non-price attributes of a specific alternative. We illustrate how differences in consumer surplus between random regret and random utility models follow directly from the differences in their behavioural premises. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 269-286 Issue: 3 Volume: 7 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1424039 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1424039 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:269-286 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tadahiro Okuyama Author-X-Name-First: Tadahiro Author-X-Name-Last: Okuyama Title: Economic valuation of reducing air pollutants for precautionary air conservation policies Abstract: The lack of air quality data related to consumer behaviour complicates the use of the demand function approach (DFA) to decide whether to implement air pollutant reduction projects. This study examines the applicability of face mask demand and analyses the impact factors responsible for the DFA. The value of the benefits ranged from USD 4.23 (JPY 508) to USD 103.83 (JPY 12,471). The results show that the DFA is applicable when using correspondence tables between air quality and health status. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 287-302 Issue: 3 Volume: 7 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1426500 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1426500 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:287-302 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Till Proeger Author-X-Name-First: Till Author-X-Name-Last: Proeger Author-Name: Lukas Meub Author-X-Name-First: Lukas Author-X-Name-Last: Meub Author-Name: Kilian Bizer Author-X-Name-First: Kilian Author-X-Name-Last: Bizer Title: Tradable development rights under uncertainty: an experimental approach Abstract: Tradable development rights (TDR) are discussed as a mechanism to reduce land consumption while ensuring an efficient implementation of profitable building projects. We present a novel laboratory experiment on the feasibility of TDR and simulate the acquisition and trading of development rights. In particular, we investigate the effects of uncertainty in the revenues of land consumption projects. Overall, we find that TDR are reallocated as suggested by theory, although higher uncertainty has substantial detrimental effects on the distribution of land consumption projects and thus aggregate welfare. This enables us to formulate distinct policy implications for the design of TDR systems. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 303-323 Issue: 3 Volume: 7 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1429322 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1429322 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:303-323 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carlos Herrera Author-X-Name-First: Carlos Author-X-Name-Last: Herrera Author-Name: Ruerd Ruben Author-X-Name-First: Ruerd Author-X-Name-Last: Ruben Author-Name: Geske Dijkstra Author-X-Name-First: Geske Author-X-Name-Last: Dijkstra Title: Climate variability and vulnerability to poverty in Nicaragua Abstract: This study considers the effect of climate variability on vulnerability to poverty in Nicaragua. It discusses how such vulnerability could be measured and which heterogeneous effects can be expected. A multilevel empirical framework is applied, linking per capita consumption to household, regional and climate characteristics. Results confirm a negative effect of climate variability on consumption per capita of Nicaraguan households. This suggests the need for stronger public policies and more resources in order to adapt to the effect of climate change. Furthermore, the poverty reduction attainments reached since the 1990s could be jeopardized if this vulnerability persists. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 324-344 Issue: 3 Volume: 7 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1433070 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1433070 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:324-344 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guanlong Fu Author-X-Name-First: Guanlong Author-X-Name-Last: Fu Author-Name: Emi Uchida Author-X-Name-First: Emi Author-X-Name-Last: Uchida Author-Name: Muna Shah Author-X-Name-First: Muna Author-X-Name-Last: Shah Author-Name: Xiangzheng Deng Author-X-Name-First: Xiangzheng Author-X-Name-Last: Deng Title: Impact of the Grain for Green program on forest cover in China Abstract: China’s Grain for Green (GFG) program, one of the world’s largest Payments for Environmental Services programs, has been implemented for more than ten years. However, empirical evidence on its impact on increasing the forest cover is still lacking. The goal of this research is to estimate GFG’s effect on the total forest cover and examine its heterogeneity across four types of forests. To do so, we utilize a rich panel of GIS data set (1988–2008) containing 409 counties in four provinces. We found a small but significant treatment impact on increasing the total forest cover as well as three out of four types of forest cover, but that the impact is not equal across the forest types. We discuss the implications of these findings in future program design. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 231-249 Issue: 3 Volume: 8 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1552626 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1552626 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:3:p:231-249 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Schimmelpfennig Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Schimmelpfennig Title: Improvements in on-farm resource stewardship with profitable information technologies in rice production Abstract: Agricultural production can place burdens on natural environments. Profitable crop production practices can have unintended consequences on farm natural resources that are difficult to monitor. This article considers if precision agriculture’s (PrecAg) information technologies can influence the rates, and profit implications, of using best management practices (BMPs) to improve on-farm natural resource stewardship. If PrecAg can increase rice yields with better management of inputs, reducing costs, and increasing profits, resource stewardship may also benefit. U.S. national farm-level production data from NASS (USDA), confirm background hypotheses of links between PrecAg use and BMPs. The main objective is then to test these relationships in a single, comprehensive, treatment effects model that accounts for PrecAg use, resource stewardship, and rice-farm costs and profits. Capital investments in equipment and other fixed costs are included as adoption control variables. The sustainable BMP rice production practices considered include conservation tillage and erosion control, nutrient-level monitoring, crop rotations, scouting for weeds and pests, and written planning. Conservation tillage is significant in the model and lowers costs with all three PrecAg technologies, but reduces profits. Erosion control has the reverse effect with all three PrecAg technologies having a significant and positive affect on costs, but also raises profit. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 250-267 Issue: 3 Volume: 8 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1561329 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1561329 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:3:p:250-267 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mahamat Hamit-Haggar Author-X-Name-First: Mahamat Author-X-Name-Last: Hamit-Haggar Title: Regional and sectoral level convergence of greenhouse gas emissions in Canada Abstract: We investigate the convergence of per capita greenhouse gas emissions across Canadian provinces and territories at the aggregate and sectoral levels over the period 1990–2014. The study is carried out by means of the novel regression-based technique that tests for convergence and club convergence proposed by Phillips and Sul [2007. “Transition Modeling and Econometric Convergence Tests.” Econometrica 75 (6): 1771–1855, 2009. “Economic Transition and Growth.” Journal of Applied Econometrics 24 (7): 1153–1185], which accounts for the heterogeneity of provinces. We observe that Canadian provinces and territories are characterized by various convergence clubs at the aggregate and sectoral levels. The existence of multiple steady state equilibria suggests that Canadian policy could be distinctly tailored to provinces and territories in a way that equitably distributes the burden of greenhouse gas emission reduction efforts to achieve national emissions reduction targets. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 268-282 Issue: 3 Volume: 8 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1569560 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1569560 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:3:p:268-282 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aaron A. Elrod Author-X-Name-First: Aaron A. Author-X-Name-Last: Elrod Author-Name: Arun S. Malik Author-X-Name-First: Arun S. Author-X-Name-Last: Malik Title: The effect of county non-attainment status on the product mix of plants in the pulp, paper, and paperboard industries Abstract: This paper examines the effect of ground-level ozone county non-attainment status on the product-mix decisions of plants in the pulp, paper, and paperboard industries. Plants located in non-attainment counties face more stringent standards than plants located in attainment counties. These standards may plausibly induce firms to reduce output of pollution-intensive products (products that lead to ozone-forming emissions of volatile organic compounds) or drop some of these products entirely. Using a difference-in-differences strategy, we find evidence that plants in non-attainment counties (treatment group) are more likely to drop pollution-intensive products relative to non-pollution-intensive products compared to plants in attainment counties (control group). Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 283-300 Issue: 3 Volume: 8 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1569561 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1569561 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:3:p:283-300 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mehmet Kutluay Author-X-Name-First: Mehmet Author-X-Name-Last: Kutluay Author-Name: Roy Brouwer Author-X-Name-First: Roy Author-X-Name-Last: Brouwer Author-Name: Richard S. J. Tol Author-X-Name-First: Richard S. J. Author-X-Name-Last: Tol Title: Valuing malaria morbidity: results from a global meta-analysis Abstract: The risk of malaria transmission worldwide is expected to increase with climate change. In order to estimate the welfare implications, we analyse the factors that explain willingness to pay to avoid malaria morbidity using a meta-analysis. We fail to replicate a previous meta-analysis, despite using a near-identical dataset. Thus, this paper outlines a more robust approach to analysing such data. We compare multiple regression models via a cross-validation exercise to assess best fit, the first in the meta-analysis literature to do so. Weighted random effects gives best fit. Confirming previous studies, we find that revealed preferences are significantly lower than stated preferences; and that there is no significant difference in the willingness to pay for policies that prevent (pre-morbidity) or treat malaria (post-morbidity). We add two new results to the morbidity literature: (1) Age has a non-linear impact on mean willingness to pay and (2) willingness to pay decreases if malaria policies target communities instead of individual households. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 301-321 Issue: 3 Volume: 8 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1581094 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1581094 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:3:p:301-321 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Angela Maria Rojas Author-X-Name-First: Angela Maria Author-X-Name-Last: Rojas Author-Name: César Augusto Ruiz–Agudelo Author-X-Name-First: César Augusto Author-X-Name-Last: Ruiz–Agudelo Author-Name: María Claudia Diazgranados Author-X-Name-First: María Claudia Author-X-Name-Last: Diazgranados Author-Name: Henry Polanco Author-X-Name-First: Henry Author-X-Name-Last: Polanco Author-Name: Richard Anderson Author-X-Name-First: Richard Author-X-Name-Last: Anderson Title: Approach to an integral valuation of mangrove’s ecosystem services in a marine protected area. Colombian Pacific region Abstract: Colombian Pacific region is a global biodiversity hotspot. Mangroves are among the most dynamic and productive ecosystem on earth and serve many important functions providing a range of fundamental goods and services which contribute to the livelihoods, well – being, and local community’s security. Integral mangroves valuation seeks to understand the socio-ecological interaction and the relationship between functional ecosystems (ecosystem services – ES), market interaction and the ability to support human well – being. Despite the importance, mangroves are continuing to be threatened and degraded because of socio-environmental conflicts such as land use change and port infrastructure which will impact on ecosystem services quality and offer. This article identifies an approach to the potential ecological, sociocultural and economic impact of a Deepwater port on the Tribugá Gulf mangroves ecosystem services offer and its effects on the well – being of Nuquí communities. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 322-342 Issue: 3 Volume: 8 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1584127 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1584127 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:3:p:322-342 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mark J. Koetse Author-X-Name-First: Mark J. Author-X-Name-Last: Koetse Title: Effects of payment vehicle non-attendance in choice experiments on value estimates and the WTA–WTP disparity Abstract: In this paper, we argue that value estimates obtained from choice experiments suffer from hypothetical bias, caused by part of the respondents ignoring the payment vehicle in making their choices. We show that this particular form of non-attendance can be substantial, pushes down the estimated payment vehicle parameter, and causes an upward bias in value estimates. Moreover, payment vehicle non-attendance affects willingness to accept (WTA) more than it does willingness to pay (WTP). As a consequence, the WTA–WTP disparity decreases when non-attendance is accounted for, with disparities decreasing by at least 50%. The patterns in findings are by and large robust to exclusion of systematic status quo choices and to alternative model specifications. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 225-245 Issue: 3 Volume: 6 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2016.1268979 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2016.1268979 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:3:p:225-245 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Robert J. Johnston Author-X-Name-First: Robert J. Author-X-Name-Last: Johnston Author-Name: Abdulallah S. Abdulrahman Author-X-Name-First: Abdulallah S. Author-X-Name-Last: Abdulrahman Title: Systematic non-response in discrete choice experiments: implications for the valuation of climate risk reductions Abstract: Discrete choice experiments (DCEs) addressing adaptation to climate-related risks may be subject to response biases associated with variations in risk exposure across sampled populations. Systematic adjustments for such response patterns are hindered by the absence of rigorous, standardised selection-correction models for multinomial DCEs, together with a lack of information on non-respondents. This paper illustrates an empirical approach to accommodate risk-related response patterns in DCEs, where variations in risk exposure may be linked to observable landscape characteristics. The approach adapts reduced form response-propensity models to correct for survey non-response, capitalising on the fact that indicators of risk exposure may be linked to the geocoded locations of respondents and non-respondents. An application to coastal flood adaptation in Connecticut, USA illustrates implications for welfare estimation. Results demonstrate systematic effects of risk-related response patterns on estimated willingness to pay. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 246-267 Issue: 3 Volume: 6 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1284695 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1284695 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:3:p:246-267 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hamed Daly-Hassen Author-X-Name-First: Hamed Author-X-Name-Last: Daly-Hassen Author-Name: Pere Riera Author-X-Name-First: Pere Author-X-Name-Last: Riera Author-Name: Robert Mavsar Author-X-Name-First: Robert Author-X-Name-Last: Mavsar Author-Name: Amira Gammoudi Author-X-Name-First: Amira Author-X-Name-Last: Gammoudi Author-Name: Dolores Garcia Author-X-Name-First: Dolores Author-X-Name-Last: Garcia Title: Valuing trade-offs between local forest uses and environmental services in Tunisia Abstract: Successive afforestation programmes undertaken in Tunisia have doubled the forest surface area in the last 50 years. A choice experiment exercise was used to estimate the social welfare associated with a plantation programme in Tunisia. The application dealt with different environmental services, and access of local users to the forest. The results show that having access to the forests for recreational activities has an average willingness to pay of 6.46 Tunisian dinar (TND) per person and year, for five years. In contrast, limiting access to the afforested areas for grazing and other uses decreases the overall welfare by 5.63 TND per person and year. An individual marginal value of 4.29 × 10−5 TND per ton of CO2 sequestered was obtained. Furthermore, a 1% decrease of dam sedimentation is worth 2.16 TND per person and year. However, results are subject to heterogeneity, particularly regarding rural and urban populations. This paper highlights that preferences for environmental services depend on socio-economic attributes, the welfare of local users could lower due to restricted access to the forest. It was found that population heterogeneity influenced the valuation results and is to be considered in policy designs based on this type of studies. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 268-282 Issue: 3 Volume: 6 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1293566 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1293566 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:3:p:268-282 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mattias Boman Author-X-Name-First: Mattias Author-X-Name-Last: Boman Author-Name: Lindsey (Ellingson) Doctorman Author-X-Name-First: Lindsey Author-X-Name-Last: (Ellingson) Doctorman Title: Pick a number, but not just any number: valuation uncertainty and maximum willingness to pay Abstract: Empirical results suggest that contingent valuation method (CVM) respondents are uncertain of their valuations, which has led critics of the method to raise issues about its validity. Alternative approaches to resolve the problem have been proposed, involving different willingness to pay (WTP) response formats allowing respondents to explicitly express uncertainty. This paper compares differences between certain and uncertain responses for four different response formats. The results suggested that mean and median (WTP) were not significantly different for respondents who were certain about their valuations. This was generally not the case for respondents who were uncertain about their valuations. However, the median WTP was not found to be significantly different for uncertain and certain respondents. A conclusion for a standard CVM application is that the sample median WTP value could serve as a proxy measure of population maximum mean WTP when uncertainty has been removed. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 283-304 Issue: 3 Volume: 6 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1296380 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1296380 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:3:p:283-304 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hideki Sato Author-X-Name-First: Hideki Author-X-Name-Last: Sato Title: Pollution from Cournot duopoly industry and the effect of ambient charges Abstract: From the perspective of oligopoly theory, this paper clarifies the effectiveness of ambient charges as a policy measure for reducing industrial non-point source pollution. Ganguli and Raju argue that ambient charges have perverse effects in the context of Bertrand competition. By contrast, this paper examines the effects of ambient charges in the context of Cournot competition, clarifying that they are an effective policy measure. The result presented here is consistent with previous results in the field of experimental economics. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 305-308 Issue: 3 Volume: 6 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1296381 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1296381 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:3:p:305-308 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hayfa Elkadhi Author-X-Name-First: Hayfa Author-X-Name-Last: Elkadhi Author-Name: Maha Kalai Author-X-Name-First: Maha Author-X-Name-Last: Kalai Author-Name: Rania Ben Hamida Author-X-Name-First: Rania Author-X-Name-Last: Ben Hamida Title: The relationship between energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and meteorological factors in Sfax (Tunisia): an ARDL bounds testing approach Abstract: The current analysis investigates the impact of energy consumption (EC) on environmental quality in the urban area of Sfax, Tunisia. First, we use electricity EC as a proxy for EC. Second, as an indicator of the degradation of the environmental quality, we use the following air pollutants: nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and suspended particulates in the air having a diameter less than 10 micrometers (PM10). We also analyse the influence of meteorological factors expressed by the temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) on the dispersion of pollutants and their concentration in the atmosphere. We apply the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach. We find that EC stimulates the degradation of the environment; indeed, it leads to the amount of PM10 in the atmosphere. Conversely, findings reveal that the increase of EC is associated with a decrease in the amount of SO2, NO2 and O3. Additionally, meteorological factors, especially T and RH, affect the dispersion of pollutants and their accumulation around their emission sources. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 309-323 Issue: 3 Volume: 6 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1300108 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1300108 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:3:p:309-323 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tharshini Thangavelu Author-X-Name-First: Tharshini Author-X-Name-Last: Thangavelu Author-Name: Anton Paulrud Author-X-Name-First: Anton Author-X-Name-Last: Paulrud Author-Name: Jesper Stage Author-X-Name-First: Jesper Author-X-Name-Last: Stage Title: Understanding heterogeneous preferences for angling site attributes: application of a choice experiment Abstract: This article studies anglers’ willingness to pay for improvements in the characteristics of fishing sites in the county of Jämtland in Sweden. We use two existing angling sites, and hypothetical sites similar to these, to explore transferability of responses between different sites and to examine the welfare effects of improvements in fishing site characteristics. We find that anglers have highly heterogenous preferences, and that modelling this heterogeneity using latent class models leads to different classes being estimated for the two different sites studied. This heterogeneity implies that policy interventions need to consider the specific characteristics of the angling groups being targeted by the intervention, but the heterogeneity also affects the precision with which estimates from one angling site can be applied to another site. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 324-340 Issue: 3 Volume: 6 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1310672 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1310672 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:3:p:324-340 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Matteo Mattmann Author-X-Name-First: Matteo Author-X-Name-Last: Mattmann Author-Name: Ivana Logar Author-X-Name-First: Ivana Author-X-Name-Last: Logar Author-Name: Roy Brouwer Author-X-Name-First: Roy Author-X-Name-Last: Brouwer Title: Choice certainty, consistency, and monotonicity in discrete choice experiments Abstract: This study investigates choice certainty, choice consistency, and choice monotonicity and their underlying common and idiosyncratic determinants in discrete choice experiments. We test the equality of choice behaviour between respondents who differ with respect to these concepts. Our results suggest that there are significant differences in the choice behaviour between certain and uncertain, as well as consistent and inconsistent, respondents. The hypothesis of equality of choice behaviour between samples with and without a self-reported choice certainty follow-up question cannot be rejected. We identify a variety of idiosyncratic determinants of choice certainty, consistency, and monotonicity, but only the time spent reading informational pages and gender are identified as common drivers. We find that female respondents are less certain about their choices, but display a higher degree of monotonicity and consistency in their choice behaviour. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 109-127 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1515118 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1515118 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:2:p:109-127 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Damien Dussaux Author-X-Name-First: Damien Author-X-Name-Last: Dussaux Author-Name: Matthieu Glachant Author-X-Name-First: Matthieu Author-X-Name-Last: Glachant Title: How much does recycling reduce imports? Evidence from metallic raw materials Abstract: In countries with limited exhaustible natural resources, reducing imports of raw materials is increasingly viewed as a significant side benefit of waste recycling. Using a panel of 21 developed and developing countries from 1994 to 2008, we seek to measure the size of this benefit by estimating the impact of metal scrap recovery on imports of metallic raw materials. We address the endogeneity of metal recovery with exogenous country characteristics including population density and the level of education. We also develop a strategy for controlling for the price volatility in raw material markets. We find that domestic metal recovery is substituted for imports of secondary raw materials while leaving imports of primary raw materials unaffected. The overall effect is a 3.3% decrease in imports of metallic raw materials when metal recovery grows by 10%. Thus, waste recycling policies may have a sizeable impact on trade balance and on security of raw material supply. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 128-146 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1520650 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1520650 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:2:p:128-146 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bassirou Diop Author-X-Name-First: Bassirou Author-X-Name-Last: Diop Author-Name: Nicolas Sanz Author-X-Name-First: Nicolas Author-X-Name-Last: Sanz Author-Name: Fabian Blanchard Author-X-Name-First: Fabian Author-X-Name-Last: Blanchard Author-Name: Romain Walcker Author-X-Name-First: Romain Author-X-Name-Last: Walcker Author-Name: Antoine Gardel Author-X-Name-First: Antoine Author-X-Name-Last: Gardel Title: The role of mangrove in the French Guiana shrimp fishery Abstract: This paper investigates the role of mangrove as an habitat in the evolution of the French Guiana shrimp stock to explain the recent collapse of shrimp production. To achieve our aim, we use the open access fishery model developed by Barbier and Strand [1998. “Valuing Mangrove-Fishery Linkages-A Case Study of Campeche, Mexico.” Environmental and Resource Economics 12: 151–166] and integrate mangrove surface into the shrimp natural growth function. This enables to account directly for the effects of mangrove surface changes on the stock dynamics and thus production. Our results indicate that financial losses in the French Guiana shrimp fishery increase when mangrove surface decreases and are mitigated when mangrove surface increases. We show that changes in mangrove surface are not determinant in explaining the collapse of the shrimp stock but that mangrove should be preserved as it still mitigates the decline of the stock. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 147-158 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1522601 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1522601 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:2:p:147-158 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John Deely Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Deely Author-Name: Stephen Hynes Author-X-Name-First: Stephen Author-X-Name-Last: Hynes Author-Name: John Curtis Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Curtis Title: Are objective data an appropriate replacement for subjective data in site choice analysis? Abstract: Random utility theory is founded on the concept that an individual selects the alternative that gives them the highest level of utility, given the individual's preferences and perception of a good. Discrete choice analysis, however, seldom uses an individual's perception of a good, instead, more convenient objective data are employed. This paper aims to explore the viability of objective data as a suitable replacement for subjective data in recreational site choice modelling. Random parameter logits are applied to coarse angling site choice data where two site attribute data sets are used; the first is comprised of users’ perception of the site attributes and the second is composed of fishery managers’ perspective of those same attributes. The results reveal that models based on the subjective data outperform those of the objective data. The derived welfare estimates indicate a divergence between the two sources of data in terms of the magnitude of the estimates but not direction. Further analysis is conducted to determine if the manager’s objective ratings are measuring the sites using a similar set of criteria as the user's subjective ratings. The results suggest that the managers’ perspective is closely aligned with the anglers’ who frequent the sites most often. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 159-178 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1528895 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1528895 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:2:p:159-178 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Giovanni Bella Author-X-Name-First: Giovanni Author-X-Name-Last: Bella Author-Name: Paolo Mattana Author-X-Name-First: Paolo Author-X-Name-Last: Mattana Title: Policy implications in an environmental growth model with a generalized Hotelling depletion of non-renewable resources Abstract: We explore the role of fiscal policy in a growth model where the depletion of non-renewable resources presents stock effects. We first show that fiscal policy may induce the emergence of two coexisting steady states, one of which is characterized by a lower depletion rate and higher income (the virtuous steady state) than the other (the bad steady state). If returns to the cumulable inputs are high enough, the virtuous steady state is locally saddle-path stable, whereas the bad steady state is a non-saddle rest point. Therefore, depending on the size of returns, a continuum of equilibrium paths can emerge. Thus, it is important to calibrate the correct mix of policy instruments that may drive the economy to the virtuous steady state, and therefore escape a possible (low growth) poverty trap. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 179-192 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1530612 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1530612 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:2:p:179-192 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Ershad Hussain Author-X-Name-First: M. Author-X-Name-Last: Ershad Hussain Author-Name: Mahfuzul Haque Author-X-Name-First: Mahfuzul Author-X-Name-Last: Haque Title: Is there any link between economic growth and earth's environment? Evidence from 127 countries for the period 2007–2015 Abstract: We investigate the relationship between economic growth and the earth's environment in 127 developing countries spreading all across the globe (Asia, Africa, Americas, Europe, and Polynesia) from 2007 to 2015. We use random effect estimation technique to check for an inverse U-shaped curve, or ‘Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC)’. From our empirical results, we do not find any substantiation for this hypothesis. On the contrary, the empirical evidence suggests that there is an inverse U-shape relationship between environmental performance of a country and the per capita GDP for that country, which implies that, as per capita GDP increases, environmental performance improves but beyond some point, it starts to decrease resulting in an inverse U-shape curve. We alternately use the Growth Rate of GDP and GDP in constant 2010$ to obtain comparable results. We also use the average PM 2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (AU) of the World Development Indicators as an index of environmental pollution. When we replace EPI with AU and re-run the random effect model, find no evidence supporting EKC hypothesis, rather a U-shape curve and not an inverted U. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 193-208 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1546234 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1546234 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:2:p:193-208 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Melina Kourantidou Author-X-Name-First: Melina Author-X-Name-Last: Kourantidou Author-Name: Brooks A. Kaiser Author-X-Name-First: Brooks A. Author-X-Name-Last: Kaiser Title: Research agendas for profitable invasive species Abstract: Management of natural resources with uncertain net benefits presents an interdisciplinary challenge; economists often must rely on other disciplines to advise and evaluate policies. Net benefits may be uncertain due to absent, inconclusive or contradictory scientific findings. Economics must interpret uncertainties and ground policy recommendations in this context. Understanding biases in primary research agendas and the roles of vertical and horizontal integration in knowledge production and management are essential to prevent sub-optimal allocations across time and space, including avoiding recommendations of excess or insufficient harvest. We empirically investigate these biases by comparing disparate scientific literature and management decisions across vested interests to uncover how economic incentives systematically vary across research investments. The Barents Sea Red King Crab, a simultaneously profitable and invasive species with different net benefits across stakeholders, provides the empirical evidence. We find that scientific consensus is harder to achieve even for primary research when economic incentives differ across research institutions and that research agendas shift over time in response to changes in relative trade-offs between ecological consequences and financial benefits from the resource's presence. Impacts on management are accentuated by integration of the scientific research programmes and management decisions; broadening research participation and agendas may alleviate bias. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 209-230 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1548980 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1548980 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:2:p:209-230 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Benjamin Breen Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin Author-X-Name-Last: Breen Author-Name: John Curtis Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Curtis Author-Name: Stephen Hynes Author-X-Name-First: Stephen Author-X-Name-Last: Hynes Title: Water quality and recreational use of public waterways Abstract: This study combines routinely collected water quality data from Ireland and an on-site survey of waterway users to evaluate whether trip duration is responsive to changes in water quality. Four categories of recreational users are considered: anglers, boaters, other water sports (e.g. rowing, swimming, canoeing, etc.) and land-based activities at water sites, specifically walking and cycling. Water quality measures included in the analysis include Water Framework Directive (WFD) status, biochemical oxygen demand, ammonia, phosphorus and faecal coliform. The analysis finds evidence that higher levels of recreational demand (i.e. trips of longer duration) occur at sites with better water quality. However, we also find no statistical association between the overall WFD status and the duration of the recreational trip, which indicates that WFD status is of limited practical use for recreational users. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 1-15 Issue: 1 Volume: 7 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1335241 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1335241 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:1:p:1-15 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Uday Kumar Jammalamadaka Author-X-Name-First: Uday Kumar Author-X-Name-Last: Jammalamadaka Author-Name: Ariel Dinar Author-X-Name-First: Ariel Author-X-Name-Last: Dinar Title: Managing water resources under scarcity: the role of social norms Abstract: We develop a framework that quantifies the effect of social norms on the efficient functioning of institutions and thereby their impact on effectiveness of reforms for sustaining common pool water resources under conditions of scarcity. We derive theoretical results and use numerical simulations to provide evidence for performance of a group of farmers that use a common pool resource (reservoir or aquifer) with and without norms, with various marginal utility levels from norm adherence, and with various existing (Social Planner) institutional setting considered in the theoretical model. The theoretical results suggest that with no water trade and with norm adherence, water users will always use less water than the no norms scenario. With possible inter-group water trade, norm-adhering water users would replace excess extraction with increased trade rates. Simulation results for the no-trade case suggest that with higher marginal utility values from norm adherence, the resource is sustained for significantly longer periods. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 16-40 Issue: 1 Volume: 7 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1342566 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1342566 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:1:p:16-40 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Akio Matsumoto Author-X-Name-First: Akio Author-X-Name-Last: Matsumoto Author-Name: Ferenc Szidarovszky Author-X-Name-First: Ferenc Author-X-Name-Last: Szidarovszky Author-Name: Masahiro Yabuta Author-X-Name-First: Masahiro Author-X-Name-Last: Yabuta Title: Environmental effects of ambient charge in cournot oligopoly Abstract: This paper investigates the effect caused by an increase in ambient charges on firm-specific and total pollutions in a Cournot oligopoly market. Formalising profit-maximising behaviour in the n-firm framework with product differentiation, we show the static result that ambient charge can reduce industrial pollution. We then demonstrate three dynamic results: the first that Cournot equilibrium can lose stability in the discrete-time framework if the number of the firms is greater than four, the second that it is always stable in the continuous-time framework and the third that stability can be switched to instability if a delay in production becomes large enough. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 41-56 Issue: 1 Volume: 7 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1347527 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1347527 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:1:p:41-56 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christos T. Papadas Author-X-Name-First: Christos T. Author-X-Name-Last: Papadas Author-Name: Nikolaos Vlassis Author-X-Name-First: Nikolaos Author-X-Name-Last: Vlassis Title: A structural decomposition analysis of the pollution terms of trade Abstract: The Antweiler Pollution Terms of Trade Index (PTTI) measures environmental gains or losses sustained by a country from international trade. Measuring total exports and imports in value terms distorts the results when the index is used for comparisons and analysis. Structural decomposition analysis (SDA) can provide an estimate of such distortions, due to price effects. This paper proposes a procedure of SDA of PTTI changes to deal with this problem. It measures impacts of changes in prices of traded outputs, changes in the real trade mix and volume, and changes in technology, but can be extended to account for other factors too. The pollution content refers here to pollution generated directly in the production of outputs, actually traded in the international markets. However, additional induced effects due to international trade can be included, if they are estimated. Pollution intensity is expressed per unit of total exports and imports respectively, and not per unit of value added, an issue discussed. A case study for The Netherlands is provided for the period 2007–2010. PTTI values and their annual changes are estimated for emission contents in greenhouse CO2 equivalent. Results confirm the significant and distortive role of prices in measurements and comparisons. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 57-68 Issue: 1 Volume: 7 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1357504 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1357504 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:1:p:57-68 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pavlos Karanikolas Author-X-Name-First: Pavlos Author-X-Name-Last: Karanikolas Author-Name: Penelope J. Bebeli Author-X-Name-First: Penelope J. Author-X-Name-Last: Bebeli Author-Name: Ricos Thanopoulos Author-X-Name-First: Ricos Author-X-Name-Last: Thanopoulos Title: Farm economic sustainability and agrobiodiversity: identifying viable farming alternatives during the economic crisis in Greece Abstract: This study aims to examine the extent to which crop landraces (LRs) can serve as viable alternatives for farming within the ongoing economic crisis, especially for potential young farmers. A conceptual framework based on farm economic sustainability and the diversification strategies of farm-households is applied to four different LRs. Drawing on original data from field surveys, the economic analysis shows that LRs provide various gains for local communities as well as a series of private benefits for the farmers involved in their cultivation. Many of the examined farms are economically sustainable, even with small farm sizes. The integration of LRs into both domestic and export markets and the embeddedness of LRs’ products into the local culture and diet are two critical prerequisites for their on-farm conservation. The examined LRs are low-labour-input crops, obtaining the necessary labour mainly from family members. An LR can be the sole cultivation of a farm, part of mixed farming systems, as well as part of various strategies pursued by farm-households to diversify their sources of income. There is scope for improvement, especially by ensuring the uniqueness of LR products, establishing new marketing channels and creating special brand names. Supportive policy measures are also discussed. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 69-84 Issue: 1 Volume: 7 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1360212 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1360212 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:1:p:69-84 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Monika Nováčková Author-X-Name-First: Monika Author-X-Name-Last: Nováčková Author-Name: Richard S. J. Tol Author-X-Name-First: Richard S. J. Author-X-Name-Last: Tol Title: Effects of sea level rise on economy of the United States Abstract: We report the first ex post study of the economic impact of sea level rise. We apply two econometric approaches to estimate the past effects of sea level rise on the economy of the USA, viz. Barro type growth regressions adjusted for spatial patterns and a matching estimator. Unit of analysis is 3063 counties of the USA. We fit growth regressions for 13 time periods and we estimated numerous varieties and robustness tests for both growth regressions and matching estimator. Although there is some evidence that sea level rise has a positive effect on economic growth, in most specifications the estimated effects are insignificant. We therefore conclude that there is no stable, significant effect of sea level rise on economic growth. This finding contradicts previous ex ante studies. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 85-115 Issue: 1 Volume: 7 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1363667 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1363667 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:1:p:85-115 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Florian Flachenecker Author-X-Name-First: Florian Author-X-Name-Last: Flachenecker Author-Name: Raimund Bleischwitz Author-X-Name-First: Raimund Author-X-Name-Last: Bleischwitz Author-Name: Jun E. Rentschler Author-X-Name-First: Jun E. Author-X-Name-Last: Rentschler Title: Investments in material efficiency: the introduction and application of a comprehensive cost–benefit framework Abstract: Increasing material efficiency is considered to yield multiple economic and environmental benefits. This paper firstly introduces a comprehensive cost–benefit framework to systematically assess the viability of investments in material efficiency. The framework comprises several components by (1) comparing a business-as-usual scenario with a scenario of scaling up investments in material efficiency, (2) covering economic and environmental dimensions, and (3) considering direct and indirect effects. In a second step, we match the framework to existing evidence from the literature, followed by an application of the framework to a microeconomic investment project financed by a multilateral development bank. Our results suggest that material efficiency investments can yield positive net benefits, which typically increase when non-monetary dimensions are additionally taken into account. Overall, our analysis calls for a more comprehensive approach towards material efficiency investment appraisals, the internalisation of externalities, and further empirical research to better understand the implications of moving towards material efficient economies. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 107-120 Issue: 2 Volume: 6 Year: 2017 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2016.1211557 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2016.1211557 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:2:p:107-120 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: James Yoo Author-X-Name-First: James Author-X-Name-Last: Yoo Author-Name: Charles Perrings Author-X-Name-First: Charles Author-X-Name-Last: Perrings Title: An externality of groundwater depletion: land subsidence and residential property prices in Phoenix, Arizona Abstract: One of the main physical effects of the depletion of aquifers is land subsidence – the lowering of the land-surface elevation as a result of groundwater overdraft. A second effect is the development of earth fissures as a result of the horizontal movement of sediments during subsidence. To determine the value of these effects we investigated the impact of land subsidence and earth fissures on residential property values in Maricopa County, Arizona. Using 82,716 arms-length property sales between 2004 and 2010, we estimated a fixed effects hedonic price model. We found that existing and future land subsidence, and earth fissures had a negative impact on the property values. The mean value of properties located in land subsidence features was lower than those located outside land subsidence features, and the disamenity associated with earth fissures was largest for properties located in land subsidence features. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 121-133 Issue: 2 Volume: 6 Year: 2017 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2016.1226198 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2016.1226198 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:2:p:121-133 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Iddisah Sulemana Author-X-Name-First: Iddisah Author-X-Name-Last: Sulemana Author-Name: Harvey S. James Author-X-Name-First: Harvey S. Author-X-Name-Last: James Author-Name: James S. Rikoon Author-X-Name-First: James S. Author-X-Name-Last: Rikoon Title: Environmental Kuznets Curves for air pollution in African and developed countries: exploring turning point incomes and the role of democracy Abstract: The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis advances an inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution. Scholars have estimated turning point incomes for various pollutants within and across countries. However, the majority of these studies were conducted for developed countries. Very few studies have focused on developing countries. In particular, the relationship between economic growth and air pollution in Africa remains largely unexplored. In this paper, we test whether the EKC hypothesis holds for carbon dioxide (CO2) and particulate matter (PM10) emissions in African and high-income OECD countries. We find that the EKC hypothesis holds for both CO2 and PM10 for African and OECD countries. Further, our examination of the effect of institutional quality on air pollution reveals an insignificant effect for CO2 for both samples. However, democracy is positively and significantly correlated with PM10 emissions for African countries. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 134-152 Issue: 2 Volume: 6 Year: 2017 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2016.1231635 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2016.1231635 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:2:p:134-152 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yaoyao Ji Author-X-Name-First: Yaoyao Author-X-Name-Last: Ji Author-Name: Ram Ranjan Author-X-Name-First: Ram Author-X-Name-Last: Ranjan Author-Name: Michael Burton Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Burton Title: A bivariate probit analysis of factors affecting partial, complete and continued adoption of soil carbon sequestration technology in rural China Abstract: There remain significant technological as well as socio-economic and behavioural challenges to conservation tillage adoption despite its acknowledged carbon mitigation potential. In this paper, we distinguish between the factors that influence partial, complete and continued adoption of conservation tillage in a rural region of north western China. As complete benefits of conservation tillage to the private farmers as well as society are realised only through continued adoption, it is important to identify and distinguish the factors that promote long-term adoption of conservation tillage from the ones that lead only to short-term adoption. Using a bivariate probit analysis, we find that government subsidy programmes and households’ wealth play a key role in the continued adoption of conservation tillage practices. Poorer farmers and those whose neighbours have abandoned conservation tillage are more likely to give up on conservation tillage, after having adopted initially. Geographical factors and fragmented land holdings encourage only partial adoption, even under government subsidies. We recommend the introduction of smaller and portable farming machines combined with long-term subsidy schemes. When faced with government budget constraints that make prolonged subsidy for all difficult, targeting the farmer groups according to their socio-economic traits is crucial. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 153-167 Issue: 2 Volume: 6 Year: 2017 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2016.1234418 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2016.1234418 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:2:p:153-167 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Johane Dikgang Author-X-Name-First: Johane Author-X-Name-Last: Dikgang Author-Name: Edwin Muchapondwa Author-X-Name-First: Edwin Author-X-Name-Last: Muchapondwa Title: Local communities’ valuation of environmental amenities around the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park in Southern Africa Abstract: This paper seeks to examine how communities value a variety of dryland environmental amenities provided by the Kgalagadi Transfontier Park where there is an interest in limiting their access, both in order to protect the environment and in order to make it more attractive for tourists. This is done using a choice experiment, which targeted households in the Kgalagadi area. The values placed on environmental amenities by indigenous communities are estimated using a conditional logit model, a random parameter logit model and a random parameter logit model with interactions. The results show that local communities would prefer getting increased grazing opportunities and bush food collection. This is an important policy issue in itself, and it also ties in well with on-going discussions on how to compensate (or at least attach reasonable cost estimates to) losses to local communities linked to environmental preservation policies. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 168-182 Issue: 2 Volume: 6 Year: 2017 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2016.1240631 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2016.1240631 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:2:p:168-182 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Corrigendum Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: (i)-(i) Issue: 2 Volume: 6 Year: 2017 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2016.1240754 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2016.1240754 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:2:p:(i)-(i) Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marianna Gilli Author-X-Name-First: Marianna Author-X-Name-Last: Gilli Author-Name: Giovanni Marin Author-X-Name-First: Giovanni Author-X-Name-Last: Marin Author-Name: Massimiliano Mazzanti Author-X-Name-First: Massimiliano Author-X-Name-Last: Mazzanti Author-Name: Francesco Nicolli Author-X-Name-First: Francesco Author-X-Name-Last: Nicolli Title: Sustainable development and industrial development: manufacturing environmental performance, technology and consumption/production perspectives Abstract: Industrial development has always been seen as the main engine for economic growth due to its large economic multiplier and technological opportunities. However, manufacturing sectors are directly and indirectly responsible for a large share of overall environmental pressures, raising concerns for the environmental sustainability of manufacturing-based development. In this paper, we evaluate the drivers and decoupling trends of environmental pressures arising (directly or indirectly) from manufacturing production and consumption for a large selection of developed and developing countries. As a first step, we decompose changes in emission intensity of manufacturing sectors into a series of components by means of a shift-share analysis to identify the main drivers of change. A second step will compare direct environmental pressures generated by manufacturing sectors (production perspective) with the amount of emissions generated (domestically and abroad) by the domestic consumption of manufacturing goods (consumption perspective). Finally, we evaluate the possible emergence of an environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) dynamics for production and consumption perspective emissions for the world as a whole and for different continents. Results highlight that first, high income countries are generally more environmental friendly than the average and tend to be specialised in high-tech and greener sectors. Second, emission reduction is driven mainly by unobserved factors such as institutional quality and policy commitment. Finally, while production perspective shows some evidence of EKC dynamics, this result does not hold when shifting to the consumption perspective. Besides, some world area is able to compensate the growth effect exploiting technology dynamics. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 183-203 Issue: 2 Volume: 6 Year: 2017 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2016.1249413 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2016.1249413 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:2:p:183-203 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barnaby Andrews Author-X-Name-First: Barnaby Author-X-Name-Last: Andrews Author-Name: Silvia Ferrini Author-X-Name-First: Silvia Author-X-Name-Last: Ferrini Author-Name: Ian Bateman Author-X-Name-First: Ian Author-X-Name-Last: Bateman Title: Good parks – bad parks: the influence of perceptions of location on WTP and preference motives for urban parks Abstract: Urban parks generate substantial public benefits, yet explicit economic assessments of such values remain relatively rare. Surveys of willingness to pay (WTP) were undertaken to assess such values for proposed new parks. The analysis assessed how preference motives and values varied according to the location of parks. Results revealed greater altruistic motivation and higher overall values for the creation of inner city as opposed to suburban parks. Spatial decomposition revealed that, after controlling for other determinants such as incomes, values generally increase for households closer to proposed parks, but that a significant downturn in values is evident for households located very close to a proposed inner city park; a finding which echoes concerns regarding the potential for such sites to provide a focus for antisocial behaviour. While these findings provide strong overall support for provision of public parks they highlight, the importance of perceptions of location and the potential for localised dis-benefits. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 204-224 Issue: 2 Volume: 6 Year: 2017 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2016.1268543 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2016.1268543 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:2:p:204-224 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Katherine Needham Author-X-Name-First: Katherine Author-X-Name-Last: Needham Author-Name: Nick Hanley Author-X-Name-First: Nick Author-X-Name-Last: Hanley Title: Prior knowledge, familiarity and stated policy consequentiality in contingent valuation Abstract: Stated preference surveys are more likely to be demand revealing if the respondent views their responses as consequential i.e. the respondent cares about the policy in question, believes their response will affect the provision of the good and that they will be required to pay the stated amount. In this paper, we contribute to the growing literature on the subject by examining the influence of a respondent’s prior knowledge about the good being valued on stated policy consequentiality. We find that consistent with previous research, willingness to pay varies according to stated consequentiality; and that stated consequentiality itself varies according to a number of observables. Consequentiality and willingness to pay appear to be related on a continuum but this estimate is revised downwards for respondents with a high a priori knowledge of the good. Additionally, we enquire which observed variables influence respondents stated policy consequentiality and share our concerns that a single Likert scale question does not adequately capture a respondent’s belief over consequentiality. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 1-20 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1611481 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1611481 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:1:p:1-20 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hua Wang Author-X-Name-First: Hua Author-X-Name-Last: Wang Author-Name: Krishna P. Paudel Author-X-Name-First: Krishna P. Author-X-Name-Last: Paudel Author-Name: Rex H. Caffey Author-X-Name-First: Rex H. Author-X-Name-Last: Caffey Title: Tourism for surf and marsh fishing in coastal Louisiana: effects of site closure, travel cost decrease, and entrance fee increase Abstract: We apply the generalised corner solution model to understand recreational behaviour for surf and marsh fishing trips to six sites in coastal Louisiana. Results showed statistically significant effects of individual’s demographic characteristics and site physical and environmental characteristics. The closure of the three most used recreational sites (Grand Isle, Elmer’s Island, and Port Fourchon) caused a welfare loss in an amount ranging from $592 to $2,101 per traveller per year. The welfare impact of the reduction in travel cost was $390 per traveller per year. An increase in the recreational site entrance fee caused welfare losses. This study has implications for site closure and welfare losses, such as those that resulted from the Deep Horizon Oil Spill that closed many Louisiana coastal recreational sites for about one year (May 7, 2010 to June 15, 2011) and the Elmer’s Island beaches that were temporarily restricted for fishing access during the Caminada Headland restoration project construction in 2016. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 21-35 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1593249 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1593249 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:1:p:21-35 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Abdelaziz Hakimi Author-X-Name-First: Abdelaziz Author-X-Name-Last: Hakimi Author-Name: Helmi Hamdi Author-X-Name-First: Helmi Author-X-Name-Last: Hamdi Title: Environmental effects of trade openness: what role do institutions have? Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of trade openness on the environmental quality by taking into consideration the role of institutions. We used a panel of 143 countries observed during the period 2006–2015 and we performed a dynamic panel data based on the system generalized method of moment. We estimated various models which include an aggregated analysis of the whole sample (143 countries), and a disaggregated analysis which is a study for a sample of developed countries (43 countries) and developing countries (100 countries) conducted separately. Findings for the aggregated analysis indicate that trade, as a crucial variable in our model, appears to have no obvious impact on the environmental quality. However, the disaggregated analysis shows how trade harmed the environmental quality and shows the role of institutions in preserving the environment. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 36-56 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1598503 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1598503 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:1:p:36-56 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Haimanti Bhattacharya Author-X-Name-First: Haimanti Author-X-Name-Last: Bhattacharya Title: Environmental and socio-economic sustainability in India: evidence from CO2 emission and economic inequality relationship Abstract: This study demonstrates the evolution of the relationship between anthropogenic CO2 emission from fossil fuels use and inequality in consumption expenditure in India based on state-level panel data for the period 1981–2008. Controlling for the scale and composition of economic activities and population, the estimated elasticity of CO2 emission with respect to economic inequality is found to be equivalent to zero for the overall 28 years period. However, classifying the time frame into pre and post economic liberalization periods (1981–1991 and 1992–2008), reveals that the emission-inequality relationship was insignificant or negative in the pre-liberalization period but turned unambiguously positive and significant in the post-liberalization period. Further classification of the post-liberalization period shows that the positive emission-inequality relationship was statistically insignificant during 1992–1999 and it gained significant strength during 2000–2008. Substantively higher increase in the upper economic strata’s propensity to emit CO2 made feasible by enhanced access to global markets is discussed as a plausible reason for the positive emission-inequality relationship in the post-liberalization period. The reduced form analysis of the emission-inequality relationship provides a vital policy insight that India has a potential opportunity to harness this synergistic relationship and jointly mitigate the environmental and socio-economic sustainability challenges. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 57-76 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1604267 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1604267 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:1:p:57-76 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roberto Martínez-Espiñeira Author-X-Name-First: Roberto Author-X-Name-Last: Martínez-Espiñeira Author-Name: María Pérez-Urdiales Author-X-Name-First: María Author-X-Name-Last: Pérez-Urdiales Title: Scale heterogeneity in the valuation of road traffic risk reductions: the case of Newfoundland's moose-vehicle collisions Abstract: The willingness to pay (WTP) for reductions in the risk of moose-vehicle collision in Newfoundland (the insular portion of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada) is estimated using the Contingent Valuation Method. Our estimations use the information obtained from a double-bounded payment format and let us examine the existence of scale heterogeneity (dependent on response certainty levels), question effects such as anchoring and shift effects, and the effects of accounting for the former on the latter. Our main findings are that the estimated WTP tends to be lower in the models that account for scale heterogeneity but that correction makes little difference in models that fully correct for the question effects involved in the use of the double-bound payment format. Accounting for scale heterogeneity does change, however, the way in which corrections for question effects influence the size of welfare estimates. In particular, it reduces the variability of welfare measures across treatments of these question effects, yielding an estimate of WTP close to the one obtained from using the single-bounded portion of the data. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 77-96 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1605311 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1605311 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:1:p:77-96 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Devon Lynch Author-X-Name-First: Devon Author-X-Name-Last: Lynch Author-Name: Chad J. McGuire Author-X-Name-First: Chad J. Author-X-Name-Last: McGuire Author-Name: Joy A. Smith Author-X-Name-First: Joy A. Author-X-Name-Last: Smith Title: Assessing the US sulfur reduction programme in Massachusetts from an environmental justice framework: is there evidence of disproportionality? Abstract: This study reviews the impact of a sulfur cap-and-trade programme on distributions of sulfur from commercial electricity utility generators within Massachusetts from 1990 thru 2014. The results indicate that sulfur reductions occurred throughout Massachusetts that were proportional, including a targeted study area within the state that meets the operational definition of a marginalized community. While the target study community disproportionately produced more sulfur emissions than surrounding communities, the overall reductions through cap-and-trade were consistent throughout the entire state. Other factors, beyond cap-and-trade, are identified as possible reasons why all areas of the state saw proportional reductions. But aside from those additional factors, the results indicate that cap-and-trade resulted in substantial and proportional reductions of sulfur throughout Massachusetts. This result informs more recent studies at the national level in the United States which show cap-and-trade programmes have the potential to create disproportional impacts, particularly when looking at sulfur emission distributions. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 97-110 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1605623 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1605623 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:1:p:97-110 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Takumi Haibara Author-X-Name-First: Takumi Author-X-Name-Last: Haibara Title: Global carbon pricing and international trade Abstract: This paper provides policies other than trade restrictions to induce global carbon pricing. It shows that bilateral increases of domestic taxes between large open economies represent a useful first step toward global carbon pricing. Specifically, the paper recommends that the production tax of the importing country and the consumption tax of the exporting country be increased together. Unlike a tariff-induced carbon pricing, the proposed policy mix is robust to trade distortions and increases market access. What is more, it addresses world price volatility and emissions leakage. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 111-124 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1612786 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1612786 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:1:p:111-124 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andy S. Choi Author-X-Name-First: Andy S. Author-X-Name-Last: Choi Title: The impact of arbitrary constraints over the payment parameter on WTP: a case of a normally distributed random parameter Abstract: This paper aims to substantiate the impact of the ‘old’ practice in environmental valuation that arbitrarily imposes a constrained distribution on the payment parameter, and to offer a rule of thumb guidance for the accurate willingness-to-pay (WTP) estimation using choice experiments. A ratio of means approach and a mean of ratios approach were compared for estimation accuracy, involving eleven simulated datasets and two real world cases. Contrary to what is still practiced in the literature, incorrectly constrained payment parameters can in fact cause a systematic misrepresentation of true mean WTP values. The overall findings suggest for researchers using choice experiments, as a rule of thumb, that mean WTP values for environmental changes might be safely and accurately estimated using the ratio of means approach based on population moments with an unconstrained random payment parameter. In contrast, the mean of ratios approach based on conditional individual-specific WTP ratios might be neither accurate nor reliable. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 125-139 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2020 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1614482 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1614482 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:2:p:125-139 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marcelo de Lima Author-X-Name-First: Marcelo Author-X-Name-Last: de Lima Title: The value of a statistical life in Mexico Abstract: Mexico has been making an increased use of cost–benefit analyses to inform its public policy decisions, in line with other OECD countries. The monetary values used in these analyses have generally been based on benefit transfer methods. There are several reasons to be cautious about the use of benefit transfer values, including that the resulting figures from the procedure can vary widely depending on assumptions. This is particularly pressing where large allocation decisions are at stake, as tends to be the case with air pollution policy and climate change policy. This study collected primary data to produce a value of statistical life for Mexico, using a questionnaire previously employed in several countries, including in the USA (where benefit transfer values tend to be sourced from by Mexican authorities). The analysis produces a value of statistical life of USD 210,880. The evidence suggests that benefit transfer values currently being used by Mexican authorities are being driven by the source values themselves, rather than by inappropriate assumptions about income elasticities or by being affected unduly by other factors. The conclusions offer some recommendations for future use of value of statistical life figures in Mexico. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 140-166 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2020 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1617196 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1617196 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:2:p:140-166 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paulo Anciaes Author-X-Name-First: Paulo Author-X-Name-Last: Anciaes Author-Name: Paul Metcalfe Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Metcalfe Author-Name: Antara Sen Author-X-Name-First: Antara Author-X-Name-Last: Sen Title: A combined SP-RP model to estimate the value of improvements in freshwater angling in England Abstract: This paper estimates the value of improvements in the quality of freshwater angling sites in England, combining the results of stated preference (SP) models and a revealed preference (RP) model of the anglers’ actual choices of fishing sites and number of trips over a season. The paper provides comprehensive information into what anglers value and how much, considering all fishery types (coarse, game, and mixed) and water body types (river, stillwater, and canal) and a wide range of fish species. The study also considers several locational characteristics of the fishing sites, which have seldom been included in either SP or RP studies. We found that anglers attach a substantial value to lack of pollution, availability of pegs, and an attractive site environment. On average, the maximum possible improvement in one of these attributes in a given site more than doubles the number of visitors to that site and generates a total additional benefit of more than £10 per existing trip. Increases in fish size and quantity are also predicted to cause considerable changes in the number of visits and additional benefit, especially when moving from small/low to medium levels. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 167-187 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2020 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1622454 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1622454 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:2:p:167-187 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jesse Burkhardt Author-X-Name-First: Jesse Author-X-Name-Last: Burkhardt Author-Name: Jude Bayham Author-X-Name-First: Jude Author-X-Name-Last: Bayham Author-Name: Ander Wilson Author-X-Name-First: Ander Author-X-Name-Last: Wilson Author-Name: Jesse D. Berman Author-X-Name-First: Jesse D. Author-X-Name-Last: Berman Author-Name: Katelyn O'Dell Author-X-Name-First: Katelyn Author-X-Name-Last: O'Dell Author-Name: Bonne Ford Author-X-Name-First: Bonne Author-X-Name-Last: Ford Author-Name: Emily V. Fischer Author-X-Name-First: Emily V. Author-X-Name-Last: Fischer Author-Name: Jeffrey R. Pierce Author-X-Name-First: Jeffrey R. Author-X-Name-Last: Pierce Title: The relationship between monthly air pollution and violent crime across the United States Abstract: Recent evidence suggests a relationship between short-term pollution exposure and crime, with a particular emphasis on aggressive behavior. However, the previous analyses are limited in geographic scope. In this paper, we estimate the effect of fine particulate air pollution (PM$_{2.5}$2.5) exposure on crime across 99% of counties in the contiguous United States. We combine monthly data on crime, PM$_{2.5}$2.5, and satellite-derived smoke plumes for a ten-year period. We use adjusted satellite-based landscape fire smoke plume data as an instrument for overall changes in ${\rm PM}_{2.5}$PM2.5. Our findings are consistent with previous research and suggest that increases in ${\rm PM}_{2.5}$PM2.5 raise violent crime rates, and specifically assaults. Our results indicate the effect is relatively homogeneous across the U.S. However, we find the effect is positively correlated with county median age, suggesting older populations are more susceptible to changes in air pollution. Our results indicate a need for more research on the physiological and social mechanisms behind the measured effects. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 188-205 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2020 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1630014 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1630014 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:2:p:188-205 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gianluca Grilli Author-X-Name-First: Gianluca Author-X-Name-Last: Grilli Author-Name: John Curtis Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Curtis Author-Name: Stephen Hynes Author-X-Name-First: Stephen Author-X-Name-Last: Hynes Title: Modelling anglers' fish release choices using logbook data Abstract: In this paper we model recreational anglers' decisions to voluntarily release their catch to improve fish stock conservation. Using a random utility framework, we compare anglers' utility of retaining and consuming fish versus increased stock conservation achieved by fish releases. The analysis is based on a dataset of fish landings from anglers fishing for salmon and sea trout in Ireland during the seasons 2010–2016. Results indicate that there is a statistically significant inverse association between the weight of a fish and the probability of release, with larger fish more likely to be retained for consumption. On average, anglers were willing to sacrifice around 2.5 kg of fish to improve conservation of salmon and sea trout stocks, with a median value of 1.48. Results also indicate that the release probability varies based on fishing methods, with the use of spinners, fly-fishing and shrimps as bait to be more likely to be used for catch and release and live bait (i.e. worms) to retain the fish. Licence types and anglers' nationality are also important variables explaining release probability. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 206-219 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2020 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1640140 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1640140 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:2:p:206-219 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Philip E. Graves Author-X-Name-First: Philip E. Author-X-Name-Last: Graves Title: Externalities, public goods, and property rights revisited: regulations based on traditional B–C analyses are too lax Abstract: Pigou advocated for marginal damage taxes on negative externalities, Samuelson described the conditions for optimal pure public goods provision, and both Pigou and Samuelson believed that non-excludability required government intervention/provision, respectively. However, Coase argued that government intervention is sometimes unnecessary. A previously unexplored relationship between externalities, public goods, and property rights implies that non-excludable goods – particularly environmental goods – are undervalued by the methods currently employed by economists. This implies that Pigouvian taxes should generally be larger than currently thought, and that command and control regulations are too lax. The Coase Theorem is seen to have less policy relevance than is typically supposed. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 220-226 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2020 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1660232 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1660232 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:2:p:220-226 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ramjee Acharya Author-X-Name-First: Ramjee Author-X-Name-Last: Acharya Author-Name: Arthur J. Caplan Author-X-Name-First: Arthur J. Author-X-Name-Last: Caplan Title: Optimal investment to control ‘red air day’ episodes: lessons from Northern Utah, USA Abstract: We address the issue of optimal investment in ‘preventative capital’ to mitigate episodic, mobile-source air pollution events by calibrating an endogenous-risk model with parameter estimates obtained from a unique dataset related to ‘red air day’ episodes occurring during the winter months in Northern Utah. Our analysis demonstrates that, under a wide range of circumstances, the optimal steady-state level of preventative capital stock – raised through the issuance of a municipal ‘clean air bond’ that provides foundational funding for more aggressive mitigation efforts – can meet the standard for PM2.5 concentrations with positive social net benefits. We estimate benefit-cost ratios ranging between 3.1:1 and 11.3:1, depending upon trip-count elasticity with respect to preventative capital stock. These ratios are clustered in the lower end of the range estimated for the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments in general. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 227-250 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2020 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1666747 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1666747 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:2:p:227-250 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Klaus Glenk Author-X-Name-First: Klaus Author-X-Name-Last: Glenk Author-Name: Julia Martin-Ortega Author-X-Name-First: Julia Author-X-Name-Last: Martin-Ortega Title: The economics of peatland restoration Abstract: Restoration offers opportunities for securing and enhancing critical ecosystem services provided by peatlands, such as carbon storage, water retention and water quality, and support for biodiversity and wildlife. A comprehensive valuation encompassing the relevant public benefits of restoration and how these compare with it is lacking to date, leaving policy makers with little guidance with respect to the economic efficiency of restoring this climate-critical ecosystem. Using Scotland as a case study, this paper quantifies the non-market benefits of changes in peatland ecological condition associated with changes in ecosystem service provision and depending on the location of restoration efforts. Benefits on a per hectare basis are compared to varying capital and recurrent cost in a net present value space, providing a benchmark to be used in decision making on investments into peatland restoration. The findings suggest that peatland restoration is likely to be welfare enhancing. Benefits also exceed cost in appraisals of previous and future public investments into peatland restoration. The results thus strengthen the economic rationale for climate change mitigation through improved peatland management. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 345-362 Issue: 4 Volume: 7 Year: 2018 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1434562 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1434562 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:4:p:345-362 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Musharaf A. Talpur Author-X-Name-First: Musharaf A. Author-X-Name-Last: Talpur Author-Name: Mark J. Koetse Author-X-Name-First: Mark J. Author-X-Name-Last: Koetse Author-Name: Roy Brouwer Author-X-Name-First: Roy Author-X-Name-Last: Brouwer Title: Accounting for implicit and explicit payment vehicles in a discrete choice experiment Abstract: This study estimates the benefits of beach quality improvements, using travel costs as an implicit and entrance fee as an explicit payment vehicle in two otherwise identical labelled discrete choice site selection models. Including entrance fee as an explicit payment vehicle in addition to implicit travel costs is expected to affect beach visitors’ preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) since travel costs only are not expected to measure maximum WTP. Convergent validity of preference parameters and WTP derived from the two identical discrete choice experiments (DCEs) is tested using a split-sample approach and specifying a mixed logit choice model. Both preferences and scale parameters are significantly different between the two samples. As expected, mean WTP values are higher when an explicit entrance fee is included in the DCE. Our results suggest that implicit payment vehicles in choice experiments underestimate welfare changes. Beach visitors’ positive WTP holds promise for the introduction of economic instruments such as entrance fees to support the financial sustainability of improved beach management. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 363-385 Issue: 4 Volume: 7 Year: 2018 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1450789 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1450789 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:4:p:363-385 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gabriela Scheufele Author-X-Name-First: Gabriela Author-X-Name-Last: Scheufele Author-Name: Jeff Bennett Author-X-Name-First: Jeff Author-X-Name-Last: Bennett Title: Costing biodiversity protection: payments for environmental services schemes in Lao PDR Abstract: A Payments for Environmental Services (PES) scheme that involves setting a ‘pseudo market price’ requires the estimation of demand and supply. This paper presents the estimated marginal costs of anti-poaching patrols designed to enhance biodiversity in two protected areas in Lao PDR. This supply information was used in conjunction with environmental production functions and estimated demand for biodiversity to determine the ‘price’ paid per patrol. Marginal costs were estimated through uniform-price conservation actions: Teams of local people interested in being part of the PES scheme bid for the number of patrols they would like to provide in response to a range of offered prices. The auction process generated a sequence of well-behaved price-quantity pairs that track the individual marginal cost function of each bidding team accounting for both fixed and variable costs. The marginal costs vary across bidders. These variations can be explained by differences in competing employment and income opportunities across bidders, village locations and seasons. The results provide evidence of heterogeneous opportunity costs of supply and suggest an efficiency loss in assuming homogeneity. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 386-402 Issue: 4 Volume: 7 Year: 2018 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1458657 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1458657 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:4:p:386-402 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Benjamin A. Jones Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin A. Author-X-Name-Last: Jones Title: Willingness to pay estimates for wildfire smoke health impacts in the US using the life satisfaction approach Abstract: Wildfire smoke is harmful to human health, imposing economic costs on society. Understanding wildfire smoke health costs is increasingly important in evaluating the true burden of wildfire on society, including the difficult to measure individual-level costs of smoke exposure. However, extant research on the individual-level health damages of smoke exposure are based on geographically limited case studies and make strong assumptions on agent rationality and the functioning of markets. Given that US wildfire policy is often set at the national-level, more representative estimates based on weaker and more realistic assumptions are needed. In this paper, the life satisfaction approach is applied for the first time to estimate willingness to pay (WTP) to avoid wildfire smoke induced health effects. Using nationally-representative data from the US Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System over 2006–2010, we estimate that US adults have a WTP of $129 [95% CI: $23, $235] to avoid one day of wildfire smoke induced health effects. WTP is largest for young adults (18–24 years) and among urban residents. The baseline WTP result is larger than the only other comparable extant estimate, suggestive that health damages may vary both geographically and according to the set of assumptions made on exposed individuals’ behavior. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 403-419 Issue: 4 Volume: 7 Year: 2018 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1463872 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1463872 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:4:p:403-419 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fitalew Agimass Taye Author-X-Name-First: Fitalew Agimass Author-X-Name-Last: Taye Author-Name: Suzanne Elizabeth Vedel Author-X-Name-First: Suzanne Elizabeth Author-X-Name-Last: Vedel Author-Name: Jette Bredahl Jacobsen Author-X-Name-First: Jette Bredahl Author-X-Name-Last: Jacobsen Title: Accounting for environmental attitude to explain variations in willingness to pay for forest ecosystem services using the new environmental paradigm Abstract: In the environmental psychology literature, the new environmental paradigm (NEP) scale has been used to measure environmental attitude as a multidimensional concept. This study is conducted based on this multidimensionality concept to analyse willingness to pay for forest management targeting non-use value ecosystem services. In most previous studies, the NEP scale has been considered as a unidimensional measure and directly incorporated into the modelling. Here, we outline the relevance of considering such multidimensionality of the NEP scale using a different modelling procedure. This is performed following two modelling approaches (1) a random parameters logit model where the NEP score is incorporated directly and (2) a hybrid choice model in which latent variables identified from the NEP scale are incorporated in simultaneous equations setup. In both models, the environmental attitude influences preferences and willingness to pay estimates, but the first one ignoring the multidimensionality tends to exaggerate its impact. The hybrid choice model shows slightly lower statistical performance. However, in this model, the use of two latent variables reveal a non-uniform effect and thereby clearly shows the relevance of considering a multidimensional NEP scale for a better understanding of variations. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 420-440 Issue: 4 Volume: 7 Year: 2018 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1467346 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1467346 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:4:p:420-440 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aleksandar Vasilev Author-X-Name-First: Aleksandar Author-X-Name-Last: Vasilev Title: A real-business-cycle model with pollution and environmental taxation: the case of Bulgaria Abstract: We introduce an environmental dimension into a real-business-cycle model augmented with a detailed government sector. We calibrate the model to Bulgarian data for the period following the introduction of the currency board arrangement (1999–2016). We investigate the quantitative importance of utility-enhancing environmental quality, and the mechanics of an ‘environmental’ output tax levied on the polluting firm's output, as well as the effect of government spending on pollution abatement over the cycle. In particular, a positive shock to pollution emission in the model works like a positive technological shock, but its effect is quantitatively very small. Overall, the model performs relatively well when evaluated against data, but less so along the environmental dimension, so more research is needed to understand the aggregate effects of pollution. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 441-451 Issue: 4 Volume: 7 Year: 2018 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1480972 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1480972 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:4:p:441-451 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John Loomis Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Loomis Author-Name: Leslie Richardson Author-X-Name-First: Leslie Author-X-Name-Last: Richardson Author-Name: Chris Huber Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Huber Author-Name: Jeffrey Skibins Author-X-Name-First: Jeffrey Author-X-Name-Last: Skibins Author-Name: Ryan Sharp Author-X-Name-First: Ryan Author-X-Name-Last: Sharp Title: A method to value nature-related webcam viewing: the value of virtual use with application to brown bear webcam viewing Abstract: There are an estimated 16,000 nature related remote web cameras that provide users around the world with an opportunity to view wildlife. Because there is no monetary price to view the webcams, we utilise variations in the viewers’ opportunity cost of time to estimate consumer surplus. We apply this model to a large sample (n = 2649) of the more than 10 million viewers of Alaska's Katmai National Park and Preserve brown bear webcams. The resulting consumer surplus is around $11 per hour of viewing. When applied to the 2.42 million viewer hours, this yields a benefit of $27 million annually. Since there are limits on the number of visitors as well as high costs of visiting this remote site, the aggregate webcam viewing value is more than twice the aggregate on-site viewing value. With minimal survey data required to apply this model, we believe it has broad applicability to other nature-related webcams around the world. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 452-462 Issue: 4 Volume: 7 Year: 2018 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1483842 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1483842 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:4:p:452-462 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Acknowledgement of Referees, 2017–2018 Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 463-464 Issue: 4 Volume: 7 Year: 2018 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1516922 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1516922 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:4:p:463-464 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kristine M. Grimsrud Author-X-Name-First: Kristine M. Author-X-Name-Last: Grimsrud Author-Name: Henrik Lindhjem Author-X-Name-First: Henrik Author-X-Name-Last: Lindhjem Author-Name: Ingvild Vestre Sem Author-X-Name-First: Ingvild Vestre Author-X-Name-Last: Sem Author-Name: Knut Einar Rosendahl Author-X-Name-First: Knut Einar Author-X-Name-Last: Rosendahl Title: Public acceptance and willingness to pay cost-effective taxes on red meat and city traffic in Norway Abstract: The Norwegian Green Tax Commission proposes inter alia cost-effective taxes on red meat and city traffic to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and local air pollution. Implementation requires public support, but the acceptance of and willingness to pay (WTP) such taxes are not known. We conducted a national survey of the public's acceptance of and WTP the two taxes. The survey instrument showed the reduction in emissions/pollution dynamically for each tax level chosen. Despite survey information about the purpose of the taxes, only 25%, on average, were in favour of their introduction, the rest did not know, had zero WTP, or opposed the taxes. In this respect, preferences for the two taxes are similar. However, on average people are WTP approximately 90% of the cost-effective tax level for red meat, but only about 25%–35% of the tax on city traffic, depending on fuel type. The most important concern in designing environmental policy was to avoid increased economic inequality. Earmarking the tax revenue for environmentally friendly technology increased acceptable tax level for red meat. Earmarking tax revenues for reduced income tax did not increase the acceptability of proposed taxes on neither red meat nor city traffic.” Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 251-268 Issue: 3 Volume: 9 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1673213 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1673213 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:3:p:251-268 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ivan Telega Author-X-Name-First: Ivan Author-X-Name-Last: Telega Author-Name: Agnieszka Telega Author-X-Name-First: Agnieszka Author-X-Name-Last: Telega Title: Driving factors of material consumption in European countries – spatial panel data analysis Abstract: The aim of this study is to identify the main drivers of material consumption measured by DMC per capita. Due to data availability, the study is limited to European countries in 2000–2016. We analyse panel data compiled from the Eurostat database. At first, we estimated the fixed-effects model with robust standard errors [Arellano, Manuel. 2003. Panel Data Econometrics. Oxford: Oxford University Press]. Then we applied the method proposed by Baltagi and Wu [1999. “Unequally Spaced Panel Data Regressions with AR(1) Disturbances.” Econometric Theory 15: 814–823] for unequally spaced panel data regression models with AR(1) remainder disturbances (implemented in Stata – xtregar). Finally, we estimated the spatial autocorrelation model (SAR) to account for spatial dependencies in the data (Stata – xsmle). Results show the strong coupling of material consumption and GDP per capita. Another strongly significant factors are final energy consumption per capita and the share of the construction sector in GDP. We received mixed results on the impact of investments and R&D expenditures depending on model specification. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 269-280 Issue: 3 Volume: 9 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1675186 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1675186 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:3:p:269-280 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Benjamin Ouvrard Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin Author-X-Name-Last: Ouvrard Author-Name: Anne Stenger Author-X-Name-First: Anne Author-X-Name-Last: Stenger Title: Informational nudges and public goods in networks Abstract: We present a model of voluntary contributions for a local public good, with individuals in a fixed network. We consider the introduction of an informational nudge, and model individuals' reaction to the nudge using a moral cost function. Regardless of the regulator's level of information, an informational nudge may induce higher levels of aggregate contributions in circle and complete networks, and reduces strategic uncertainty, as long as individuals' sensitivity to the nudge is high enough (contrary to the star and line networks). If in star and line networks agents' sensitivity to the nudge also matters, the regulator's degree of knowledge regarding each individual position in the network becomes crucial, as the efficiency of our nudge is lowered under incomplete information (it is not possible to send personalized information to each agent). Our main conclusion is therefore that a nudge policy should target specific individuals (those being the most sensitive to the nudge or having the highest interest for the public good) in specific networks (those in which each agent should contribute the same). We finally discuss some ethical concerns related to nudge implementation because of their potential for manipulation. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 281-303 Issue: 3 Volume: 9 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1676826 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1676826 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:3:p:281-303 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kei Kabaya Author-X-Name-First: Kei Author-X-Name-Last: Kabaya Author-Name: Shizuka Hashimoto Author-X-Name-First: Shizuka Author-X-Name-Last: Hashimoto Author-Name: Kazuhiko Takeuchi Author-X-Name-First: Kazuhiko Author-X-Name-Last: Takeuchi Title: Which cultural ecosystem services is more important? A best-worst scaling approach Abstract: Identifying relatively important ecosystem services beforehand is essential for efficient and effective assessment. Using a best-worst scaling (BWS) method, we investigated the relative importance of cultural ecosystem services (CES) in Japan, where the second phase of national ecosystem service assessment is under consideration. Classifying CES into seven distinct categories (i.e. spiritual and religious values, recreation and tourism, aesthetic values, education and inspiration, social cohesion and sense of place, cultural diversity, and existence and bequest values), we administered a questionnaire survey at the nation-wide scale and collected 28,854 valid BWS responses from 4122 individuals. As a result, BWS successfully elicited the Japanese preferences for CES with completely distinguishable orders, which the conventional rating approach was unable to achieve. Our analysis proposed that future CES assessments in Japan should put more emphasis on aesthetic values as well as existence and bequest values. As we could not find large differences in preferences for these two services across individuals, groups and regions in relative terms, such prioritization could gain broader understanding and supports from wider audiences. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 304-318 Issue: 3 Volume: 9 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1683470 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1683470 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:3:p:304-318 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Natali Hritonenko Author-X-Name-First: Natali Author-X-Name-Last: Hritonenko Author-Name: Yuri Yatsenko Author-X-Name-First: Yuri Author-X-Name-Last: Yatsenko Author-Name: Thierry Bréchet Author-X-Name-First: Thierry Author-X-Name-Last: Bréchet Title: On North-South interaction and environmental adaptation Abstract: We offer a simple analytic framework for modelling an asymmetric multi-country world that faces negative impacts of climate change. A two-player asymmetric game combines economic efficiency and environmental vulnerability in the North-South competitive system. Comparison of competitive (Nash equilibrium) and cooperative strategies sheds a new light on integration between international and domestic climate policies. Focusing on the economic and environmental inequalities, we analyse the range of strategies that ensure positive payoffs for both North and South. Modelling alternatives for adaptation, mitigation, and international transfer are discussed and analysed in this framework. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 319-337 Issue: 3 Volume: 9 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1684384 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1684384 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:3:p:319-337 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ricky N. Lawton Author-X-Name-First: Ricky N. Author-X-Name-Last: Lawton Author-Name: Susana Mourato Author-X-Name-First: Susana Author-X-Name-Last: Mourato Author-Name: Daniel Fujiwara Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Author-X-Name-Last: Fujiwara Author-Name: Hasan Bakhshi Author-X-Name-First: Hasan Author-X-Name-Last: Bakhshi Title: Comparing the effect of oath commitments and cheap talk entreaties in contingent valuation surveys: a randomised field experiment Abstract: Contingent valuation is a common methodology for eliciting preferences for non-market goods under hypothetical scenarios. Bias reduction strategies have been developed when evaluating low-cost realistic policy changes, including cheap-talk scripts, that alert respondents to tendencies to overstate values, and oath scripts, whereby respondents promise to answer valuation questions truthfully. This paper is the first large-scale experimental comparison of cheap-talk and oath commitments, amongst randomly-assigned respondents, in a field-setting using hypothetical voluntary donations. The data come from three general population surveys eliciting willingness to pay (WTP) for cultural institutions in England. We find limited and case-specific evidence regarding the effectiveness of cheap-talk and oath scripts in affecting stated values, which we attribute to realism and low cost of the proposals, which arguably diminishes hypothetical bias and produces realistic WTP values. We find evidence of the depressing effect of entreaty script on WTP or probability of paying in principle in only one of three case studies. Future research should replicate this experimental design with larger sample sizes and on non-voluntary payment mechanisms. Given the inconsistent findings across three large-scale experimental field studies, our recommendation is to include both cheap-talk and oath scripts where possible, and only cheap-talk where survey length is constrained. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 338-354 Issue: 3 Volume: 9 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1689174 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1689174 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:3:p:338-354 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yogeeswari Subramaniam Author-X-Name-First: Yogeeswari Author-X-Name-Last: Subramaniam Author-Name: Tajul Ariffin Masron Author-X-Name-First: Tajul Ariffin Author-X-Name-Last: Masron Title: Education, methane emission and poverty in developing countries Abstract: In developing world, poor people are forced to overuse environmental resources to survive daily, and their impoverishment of the environment is expected to further impoverish them. With poverty and environmental degradation are the primary attribute of most developing countries, this study aims to show the implication of education on poverty-environmental issue in developing countries using panel data of 22 developing countries for the period of 1990–2016. Adopting autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach, the paper finds evidence substantiating the presence of emission which discharged from poverty. There is also evidence to indicate that the positive impact of poverty can be reduced if education has attained a certain high threshold level. The marginal effect displays that the impact of poverty on environmental degradation depends on education, with improvement in education helps to minimize the destruction potentially offered by the poor. Hence, policy focuses on improving various aspects of education, especially those relevant to combat poverty, can mitigate the adverse effect of poverty on emission. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 355-369 Issue: 3 Volume: 9 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1689175 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1689175 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:3:p:355-369 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yohei Mitani Author-X-Name-First: Yohei Author-X-Name-Last: Mitani Title: The effects of subjective perception on preference heterogeneity Abstract: Heterogeneity in preferences among individuals and groups for environmental goods has been widely observed in non-market valuation studies. However, the underlying mechanisms that produce the heterogeneity are not yet sufficiently understood, and the explanation remains one of the major questions in the stated preference economic analysis. This paper examines whether variations in perceived quality explain the observed heterogeneity in willingness-to-pay. Individuals’ willingness-to-pay for an environmental quality change is modelled as a function of their subjective perceived quality, instead of objective quality, and individual characteristics. At the same time, their subjective perception is modelled as a function of their individual characteristics. An empirical test is conducted using a choice experiment data set that evaluates endangered species conservation. The results indicate that (i) respondent’s subjective perception depends on their motivation, knowledge and comprehension; (ii) the willingness-to-pay estimate depends on the subjective perception as well as attitude, motivation and gender. The finding supports that respondent’s willingness-to-pay is dependent on their perceived quality, indicating that the subjective perception is one of the potential sources of the estimated preference heterogeneity. This suggests that prior knowledge as well as posterior understanding could have an effect on respondent’s willingness-to-pay through their subjective perception endogenously. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 371-382 Issue: 4 Volume: 9 Year: 2020 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1692311 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1692311 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:4:p:371-382 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Matheus Koengkan Author-X-Name-First: Matheus Author-X-Name-Last: Koengkan Author-Name: José Alberto Fuinhas Author-X-Name-First: José Alberto Author-X-Name-Last: Fuinhas Author-Name: Renato Santiago Author-X-Name-First: Renato Author-X-Name-Last: Santiago Title: The relationship between CO2 emissions, renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, economic growth, and urbanisation in the Southern Common Market Abstract: The causalities between carbon dioxide emissions, renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, economic growth, and urbanisation were examined for the panel of five countries (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Venezuela) from Southern Common Market, over thirty-five years (1980–2014), using a panel vector autoregression. The empirical analysis pointed to the existence of bi-directional causality between the consumption of fossil fuels, economic growth, consumption of renewable energy, and carbon dioxide emissions; and a uni-directional relationship between the consumption of renewable energy and urbanisation. The research also proves that the countries from Southern Common Market are dependent on fossil fuels consumption and that urbanisation process is highly linked with the consumption of this type of energy. Additionally, it was found that these countries have low renewable energy participation in their energy mix. Nevertheless, a substitutability effect between the consumption of renewable energy and the consumption of fossil fuels, as a possible response to periods of scarcity in reservoirs, was detected. Policymakers of Southern Common Market countries should speed up the deep reforms regarding renewable energy to mitigate environmental degradation. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 383-401 Issue: 4 Volume: 9 Year: 2020 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1702902 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1702902 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:4:p:383-401 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hung Vo Trung Author-X-Name-First: Hung Author-X-Name-Last: Vo Trung Author-Name: Thanh Viet Nguyen Author-X-Name-First: Thanh Author-X-Name-Last: Viet Nguyen Author-Name: Michel Simioni Author-X-Name-First: Michel Author-X-Name-Last: Simioni Title: Willingness to pay for mangrove preservation in Xuan Thuy National Park, Vietnam: do household knowledge and interest play a role? Abstract: Xuan Thuy National Park, a special nature reserve with mangrove swamps located in the Red River Delta in North Vietnam, plays an important role in combating coastal erosion and provides a habitat for many endangered bird species. This study applied double-bounded dichotomous choice contingent valuation method to directly estimate how much locals are willing to pay for mangrove conservation at Xuan Thuy National Park. In particular, the technique was used to provide better assess to the non-use value of biodiversity and ecosystem support of mangroves. Survey respondents from 350 households in the buffer zone were presented with a hypothetical scenario describing a policy that quantifies the environmental change to be achieved by 2030, and specifying a lump sum payment. Non-parametric estimate of mean WTP was found at 511,090 VND per household (22.03 USD) whereas parametric estimate of mean WTP derived from the log-logistic specification was found at 619,908 VND (26.73 USD) per household. Awareness of mangrove benefit and interest in conservation activities have a positive impact on WTP responses, in addition to income. The findings will help policy-makers adopt sound environmental policies and advise locals on the importance of protecting the mangroves which in turn protect their livelihoods. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 402-420 Issue: 4 Volume: 9 Year: 2020 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2020.1716854 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2020.1716854 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:4:p:402-420 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ping Li Author-X-Name-First: Ping Author-X-Name-Last: Li Author-Name: Jeff Bennett Author-X-Name-First: Jeff Author-X-Name-Last: Bennett Author-Name: Bao Zhang Author-X-Name-First: Bao Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang Title: Ranking policies to achieve sustainable stocking rates in Inner Mongolia Abstract: Different mixes of the same policy attributes at different levels can deliver different ecological and social results. The prediction and assessment of policy impacts can help policy makers make better decision. Using the results of a contingent behaviour study, the ability of alternative policy instruments to reduce stocking rates in Inner Mongolia to levels that are regarded as ecologically sustainable is assessed. The policy mixes that are shown to satisfy the ecological criteria are then ranked using a choice model in terms of their utility relative to what the current policy mix provides herders. Only, policy mixes that combine incentives (such as increased pensions, more generous loan provisions and greater subsidies) with penalties (including increased monitoring and enforcement of stocking rate rules) are able to achieve both the stocking rate reduction and herder utility improvement goals. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 421-429 Issue: 4 Volume: 9 Year: 2020 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2020.1726210 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2020.1726210 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:4:p:421-429 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anuska Jain Author-X-Name-First: Anuska Author-X-Name-Last: Jain Author-Name: Roisin O'Sullivan Author-X-Name-First: Roisin Author-X-Name-Last: O'Sullivan Author-Name: Vis Taraz Author-X-Name-First: Vis Author-X-Name-Last: Taraz Title: Temperature and economic activity: evidence from India Abstract: This paper investigates the impact of temperature on economic activity in India, using state-level data from 1980–2015. We estimate that a $1^{\circ }$1∘C increase in contemporaneous temperature (relative to our sample mean) reduces the economic growth rate that year by 2.5 percentage points. The adverse impact of higher temperatures is more severe in poorer states and in the primary sector. Our analysis of lagged temperatures suggests that our effects are driven by the contemporaneous effect of temperature on output; we do not find evidence of a permanent impact of contemporaneous temperatures on future growth rates. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 430-446 Issue: 4 Volume: 9 Year: 2020 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2020.1727776 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2020.1727776 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:4:p:430-446 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jamal Mamkhezri Author-X-Name-First: Jamal Author-X-Name-Last: Mamkhezri Author-Name: Jennifer A. Thacher Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer A. Author-X-Name-Last: Thacher Author-Name: Janie M. Chermak Author-X-Name-First: Janie M. Author-X-Name-Last: Chermak Author-Name: Robert P. Berrens Author-X-Name-First: Robert P. Author-X-Name-Last: Berrens Title: Does the solemn oath lower WTP responses in a discrete choice experiment application to solar energy? Abstract: A recently offered alternative to eliminating or mitigating hypothetical bias associated with stated preference surveys is the solemn oath script. While the efficacy of solemn oath script is still debatable, the objective of this analysis is to provide an initial field setting test of the solemn oath script to a particular discrete choice experiment survey application to solar energy. We conducted a discrete choice experiment survey with two treatment groups: with and without having respondents sign the solemn oath prior to taking the survey. Utilizing random parameter logit models in both preference-space and willingness to pay (WTP)-space, results provide no evidence that the solemn oath script lowers respondents’ WTP for the good in question. Either there is no hypothetical bias in this solar energy case study, which we are unable to test as there is no real expenditure at issue, or the solemn oath script may have limited application outside of the experimental lab and is not effective under every condition. Lastly, this calls for more research on the efficacy of a solemn oath script. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 447-473 Issue: 4 Volume: 9 Year: 2020 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2020.1738276 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2020.1738276 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:4:p:447-473 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ken Willis Author-X-Name-First: Ken Author-X-Name-Last: Willis Title: Acknowledgement of referees, 2018–2020 Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 474-475 Issue: 4 Volume: 9 Year: 2020 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2020.1830500 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2020.1830500 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:4:p:474-475 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Arnar Buason Author-X-Name-First: Arnar Author-X-Name-Last: Buason Author-Name: Kristin Eiriksdottir Author-X-Name-First: Kristin Author-X-Name-Last: Eiriksdottir Author-Name: Dadi Kristofersson Author-X-Name-First: Dadi Author-X-Name-Last: Kristofersson Author-Name: Kyrre Rickertsen Author-X-Name-First: Kyrre Author-X-Name-Last: Rickertsen Title: Frequency and time in recreational demand Abstract: In the standard single-site travel cost model, it is assumed that time spent on-site is exogenous. This assumption results in a willingness to pay (WTP) for time on-site of zero, which may be less realistic for many urban parks that are frequently visited by local residents. We develop a single-site travel cost model where a visitor simultaneously chooses the number of visits and how much time to spend on-site. In this model, the WTP estimate includes the price of the trip and the price of time spent on-site. Next, we develop a two-part hurdle model with non-zero correlation between the number of trips and time spent on-site. We use data gathered in an urban park in Iceland to estimate the model. The estimated WTP values are more than twice as high as the estimates of the standard single-site model. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 1-13 Issue: 1 Volume: 10 Year: 2021 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2020.1738963 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2020.1738963 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:1:p:1-13 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Serdar Ongan Author-X-Name-First: Serdar Author-X-Name-Last: Ongan Author-Name: Cem Isik Author-X-Name-First: Cem Author-X-Name-Last: Isik Author-Name: Dilek Ozdemir Author-X-Name-First: Dilek Author-X-Name-Last: Ozdemir Title: Economic growth and environmental degradation: evidence from the US case environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis with application of decomposition Abstract: This study re-tests the environmetal Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis for the US, based on a methodology that differentiates this study from previous empirical studies.To this aim, the per-capita income series (variable) is decomposed into its increases and decreases as two new time series and only one series, which contains income increases, is used. The rationale of this decomposition method is that the EKC hypothesis is originally postulated based on the impacts of income increases on environmental degradation. Therefore, this decomposition may allow us to test the EKC hypothesis more accurately through only income increases in accordance with its original postulation. Following decomposition, the ARDL approach to cointegration is applied between 1990M1 and 2019M7. Empirical findings of decomposed and undecomposed models are exactly opposite to each other. While the undecomposed model does not detect evidence of the EKC hypothesis for the US, the decomposed model strongly does so. This can lead to the interpretation that the decomposed model discovers-detects the existing but concealed validity of the EKC hypothesis, which the undecomposed model is not capable of detecting. Based on this result, this study proposes using this method as well, as an alternative technique for the EKC hypothesis testing models. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 14-21 Issue: 1 Volume: 10 Year: 2021 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2020.1756419 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2020.1756419 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:1:p:14-21 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Per-Olov Johansson Author-X-Name-First: Per-Olov Author-X-Name-Last: Johansson Author-Name: Bengt Kriström Author-X-Name-First: Bengt Author-X-Name-Last: Kriström Title: Why rational agents report zero or negative WTPs in valuation experiments Abstract: In surveys of the willingness-to-pay for different policies, typically there are responses that are classified as protest responses. Such responses appear to defy efforts to address the issue through best practice in the design and testing of survey instruments. The general impression from the literature is that the predominant approach to identifying and handling outliers, including protest responses, is by econometric techniques. In contrast, in this paper we focus on a simple theoretical model of agents equipped with well-behaved (textbook) preferences. The model is used to identify one type of responses that, at first glance, might be characterized as protest responses or possibly as scenario rejection. The novel explanation of the, in fact, perfectly rational behaviour relates to the total tax burden faced by a respondent. A possibly provocative finding is that the agent is searching for the constrained optimum while the survey-designer, intentionally or unintentionally, is trying to induce/convince the agent to value a second-best option. In particular, we don’t have to turn to behavioural economics, i.e. question rational choice theory, to arrive at a plausible theoretical explanation of what could be taken for protest responses. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 22-27 Issue: 1 Volume: 10 Year: 2021 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2020.1760142 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2020.1760142 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:1:p:22-27 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Angela Cindy Emefa Mensah Author-X-Name-First: Angela Cindy Emefa Author-X-Name-Last: Mensah Title: Tax elasticity of demand for plastic: the cause of plastic pollution in Ghana Abstract: Seemingly overlooked causes of inefficiencies in environmental fiscal reforms (EFRs) on plastic waste management are biased tax policies, which include indirect subsidization of plastic waste. With most developing countries grappling with plastic waste, it is paradoxical that they allow considerable tax exemptions on plastics, thereby ignoring the potential environmental damage caused by plastic pollution. This study investigates whether tax elasticity of plastic demand incentivizes unnecessary plastic consumption and subsequently plastic pollution, while accounting for the effect of tax exemptions. First, a simple theoretical model is developed to characterize the tax elasticity of plastic demand. Next, by isolating the attenuating effect of import tax exemptions, both the partial adjustment model and unrestricted error correction model, yield tax-inelastic demand for plastic in the long – and short-run, and speed of adjustments to the long-run equilibrium are estimated at 78% and 88%, respectively. Higher economic activities elicit higher long-run importation of plastic materials, with the effect of environmental tax and exemption being inconsequential. These results emphasize the need for government to embark on extensive restructuring of EFRs to ensure that optimal tax rates are applied on imports and efficient structures of tax exemptions are considered, while tightening possible channels of tax rebating by importers. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 28-42 Issue: 1 Volume: 10 Year: 2021 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2020.1765882 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2020.1765882 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:1:p:28-42 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Adam Lampert Author-X-Name-First: Adam Author-X-Name-Last: Lampert Title: Discounting as a double-edged sword: the values of both future goods and present economic growth decrease with the discount rate Abstract: How to compromise between economic growth and sustainable development is a major question. Particularly, climate policy affects capital and production levels (GDP), but it also affects the long-term economic growth, or the development of Total Factor Productivity (TFP) (e.g. technological developments), which enables more effective future production using a given capital. A slowdown in TFP development rate may result from either restrictions on production or climate damages. Such a slowdown results in a long-lasting decrease in GDP that persists long after the restrictions are no longer implied and/or long after the environment recovers from the damages. Therefore, effective climate policy entails analysis that incorporates present and future changes in both capital and TFP. Here, we derive an analytic formula for the economic values of TFP development. The values derived from the formula are consistent with those derived in detailed Integrated Assessment Models. The advantage of the formula is that it reveals the role of some key parameters in determining these values. Specifically, we show that higher discount rates imply lower values to TFP development. Therefore, considering higher discount rates is a double-edged sword, implying that future environmental damages are less costly but also that present economic growth is less valuable. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 43-53 Issue: 1 Volume: 10 Year: 2021 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2020.1775709 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2020.1775709 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:1:p:43-53 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mike Brock Author-X-Name-First: Mike Author-X-Name-Last: Brock Author-Name: Iain Fraser Author-X-Name-First: Iain Author-X-Name-Last: Fraser Author-Name: Cherry Law Author-X-Name-First: Cherry Author-X-Name-Last: Law Author-Name: Simon Mitchell Author-X-Name-First: Simon Author-X-Name-Last: Mitchell Author-Name: David L. Roberts Author-X-Name-First: David L. Author-X-Name-Last: Roberts Title: An economic analysis of twitching behaviour and species rarity Abstract: Avid birdwatchers, or ‘twitchers’, expend a considerable amount of money and time pursuing viewing experiences of rare or vagrant species. By vagrant species, we mean a species found outside its normal range/distribution. To enhance our understanding of this form of behaviour, we present results from a U.K. survey of twitchers. First, we examine the relationship between cost and rarity based on actual viewing experiences. Our statistical results reveal that the relationship between cost and rarity is positive and very inelastic. Second, we present results from a hypothetical Best-Worst Scaling exercise examining aspects of species rarity. We find that rarity is a more nuanced construct than simply the frequency with which a vagrant species has appeared. Our results provide insights into the meaning of rarity, as well as the economic value attach to it and why. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 54-73 Issue: 1 Volume: 10 Year: 2021 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2020.1782269 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2020.1782269 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:1:p:54-73 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Akio Matsumoto Author-X-Name-First: Akio Author-X-Name-Last: Matsumoto Author-Name: Ferenc Szidarovszky Author-X-Name-First: Ferenc Author-X-Name-Last: Szidarovszky Title: Effective ambient charges on non-point source pollution in a two-stage Bertrand duopoly Abstract: This paper analyses the effectiveness of the ambient charges for controlling emissions of non-point source pollutions. To this end, we construct a two-stage Bertrand duopoly game, in which optimal abatement technologies are chosen first and then the optimal prices as well as the optimal productions are determined. It is shown that the ambient charge is always effective at the second stage. Since the effect could be ambiguous at the first stage, this paper sheds light on the conditions under which the ambient charge becomes effective. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 74-89 Issue: 1 Volume: 10 Year: 2021 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2020.1786465 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2020.1786465 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:1:p:74-89 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kahsay Haile Zemo Author-X-Name-First: Kahsay Haile Author-X-Name-Last: Zemo Author-Name: Halefom Yigzaw Nigus Author-X-Name-First: Halefom Yigzaw Author-X-Name-Last: Nigus Title: Does religion promote pro-environmental behaviour? A cross-country investigation Abstract: Religion is one of the most prominent social institutions in the world and is profoundly entangled with day to day activities of the majority of the population. However, the effect of religion on socio-economic and environmental dimensions of development is not yet well explored in literature. Thus, this study aims to investigate the influence of multiple indicators of religion on pro-environmental behaviour and attitudes, and whether its effect varies across different income categories of countries. To this end, we use the World Value Survey data from up to 212,995 respondents across 91 countries collected from 1989 to 2014. The results of the study show that religion induces pro-environmental behaviour. Religion promotes individuals' willingness to contribute money and dampens individuals' protest against contributing for environmental protection. Similarly, religion has a positive effect on ecological donation and participation in the environmental demonstration. Furthermore, the results of this study indicate that the effects of some of the religious indicators on stated willingness to contribute for environmental protection are more pronounced in low-income countries than countries in high-income categories. These results highlight the importance of religion on environmental protection and suggest that integrating religion into environmental policies and programs may yield better environmental outcomes. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 90-113 Issue: 1 Volume: 10 Year: 2021 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2020.1796820 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2020.1796820 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:1:p:90-113 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fabio Zagonari Author-X-Name-First: Fabio Author-X-Name-Last: Zagonari Title: Foreign direct investment vs. cross-border trade in environmental services with ethical spillovers: a theoretical model based on panel data Abstract: This paper develops a dynamic theoretical model based on empirical panel data to support decisions about whether favouring international environmental services that require ethical improvements, due to replicating behaviours or conforming to social pressures (e.g. waste management WM, organic farming OF, and energy conservation, EC), through either foreign direct investment (FDI) or cross-border trade (CBT) policy. The numerical simulations based on a dynamic model for the policy feasibility (i.e. whether there are realistic parameter values such that a policy can achieve its goal), and the statistical estimations based on panel data for the policy reliability (i.e. whether there is a strong relationship between a policy and its goal), suggest that there is no trade-off between effectiveness and efficiency. WM is promoted, but not reliably, by CBT, and some religious and secular ethics are crucial. In contrast, OF is promoted by neither FDI nor CBT, although some religious and secular ethics are important. EC is promoted, but not reliably, by FDI, and only a secular ethic is significant. Income and education (i.e. economic development) as well as the unemployed and elderly population (i.e. social status) have different effects on the dynamics and levels of WM, OF, and EC. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 130-154 Issue: 2 Volume: 10 Year: 2021 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2020.1799868 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2020.1799868 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:2:p:130-154 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Timothy D. Terrell Author-X-Name-First: Timothy D. Author-X-Name-Last: Terrell Title: Carbon flux and N- and M-shaped environmental Kuznets curves: evidence from international land use change Abstract: Economic growth can affect land use change to release or sequester carbon, intensifying or mitigating the impact of other carbon emissions, and the functional form of that relationship is important to crafting policy responses. Data on land use and land cover change (LULCC) for 14 countries reveal an N – or M-shaped environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) for LULCC carbon flux to/from the atmosphere in some nations, while others display very different relationships. Most nations studied show some variation of the inverted-U EKC. All but one nation display initial turning points ranging from $2,000 to $9,000 per capita GDP (2011 dollars), and half are now net negative carbon emitters with respect to LULCC. For the US, regression analysis of the LULCC EKC indicates a roughly M-shaped quartic EKC function, with local maxima at about $3,700 and $45,700 and a local minimum at about $29,400. Where N-shaped EKCs are observed, the carbon sequestration from increasing forest regrowth is transient, and may be followed by a phase in which rising aggregate emissions dominate slowing sequestration in maturing forests. An M-shaped EKC indicates a third turning point, representing a return to increased net carbon absorption. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 155-174 Issue: 2 Volume: 10 Year: 2021 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2020.1809527 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2020.1809527 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:2:p:155-174 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kei Kabaya Author-X-Name-First: Kei Author-X-Name-Last: Kabaya Title: Opposite impacts of policy and payment consequentiality treatments on willingness-to-pay in a contingent valuation study Abstract: A growing number of studies investigated the effects of additional consequentiality scripts on respondents’ willingness-to-pay (WTP) and/or their beliefs in the survey arena. However, these works barely provide a clear distinction between policy and payment consequentiality, despite the possible varying effects of these two alternative beliefs. This study explored the impacts of additional policy and payment consequentiality scripts on respondents’ WTP and stated beliefs using a split-sample approach. Econometric analyses revealed that the policy and payment consequentiality scripts had significantly positive and negative impacts on respondents’ voting behaviours, respectively. Especially, the latter script was more influential than the former one. The payment consequentiality script was also found to be significantly effective in improving respondents’ stated payment consequentiality beliefs. These results suggest that emphasising payment consequentiality of a survey is important to encourage respondents to exhibit more careful attitudes towards a hypothetical scenario, thereby reducing some forms of bias in stated preference methods. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 175-188 Issue: 2 Volume: 10 Year: 2021 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2020.1816218 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2020.1816218 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:2:p:175-188 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gilles Grolleau Author-X-Name-First: Gilles Author-X-Name-Last: Grolleau Author-Name: Naoufel Mzoughi Author-X-Name-First: Naoufel Author-X-Name-Last: Mzoughi Author-Name: Claude Napoléone Author-X-Name-First: Claude Author-X-Name-Last: Napoléone Author-Name: Claire Pellegrin Author-X-Name-First: Claire Author-X-Name-Last: Pellegrin Title: Does activating legacy concerns make farmers more likely to support conservation programmes? Abstract: Recent findings in behavioural sciences suggest that individuals may engage more in pro-social behaviour if they are prompted to reflect on how they will be remembered. Using experimental survey data with a between-subjects design, we examine the relevance of activating legacy concerns in the context of small businesses. More precisely, we investigate farmers’ intention to participate in conservation programmes for the sake of legacy. While the legacy effect is not found to be stronger than another priming manipulation at the global level, it is significant among first-generation farmers as opposed to multi-generation farmers. Inherited family farms are more prone to be influenced by non-environmental legacies whereas first-generation farmers can be more interested in leaving an environmental legacy. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 115-129 Issue: 2 Volume: 10 Year: 2021 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2020.1807410 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2020.1807410 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:2:p:115-129 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Per-Olov Johansson Author-X-Name-First: Per-Olov Author-X-Name-Last: Johansson Title: The 2018 reform of EU ETS: consequences for project appraisal Abstract: The European Union’s Emissions Trading System used to be a cap-and-trade scheme with a fixed supply of permits. However, a recent reform of the system ‘punctures the waterbed’ by making the supply of permits endogenous.The current paper discusses how to handle permits in economic evaluations such as cost–benefit analysis. It derives general equilibrium rules for schemes with a fixed cap as well as schemes with an endogenous cap.The paper also derives a cost–benefit rule to use when an exogenous reduction in emissions causes an induced intertemporal change in the supply of permits, what is termed a (positive or negative) permit multiplier, under an endogenous cap. For example, an induced reduction in emissions is associated with climate-related benefits but comes at a cost as production is displaced when the number of available permits decreases. The permit multiplier implies that emissions within the EU ETS are valued differently from emissions occurring elsewhere even under an endogenous cap.A further novel result is that an endogenous cap could increase the social profitability of abatement efforts. By replacing purchases of permits, abatement could cause a reduction in the endogenous supply of permits and hence emissions. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 214-221 Issue: 2 Volume: 10 Year: 2021 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2020.1835738 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2020.1835738 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:2:p:214-221 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Franziska Klein Author-X-Name-First: Franziska Author-X-Name-Last: Klein Author-Name: Jeroen van den Bergh Author-X-Name-First: Jeroen Author-X-Name-Last: van den Bergh Title: The employment double dividend of environmental tax reforms: exploring the role of agent behaviour and social interaction Abstract: It has been long debated whether environmental tax reform (ETR), i.e. a revenue-neutral shift of the tax burden from labour to carbon emissions, can have a double dividend, in terms of climate and economic goals. So far this question has been addressed in public finance and environmental economics using models with rational and representative agents. Here we examine the relevance of deviating from these standard behavioural assumptions. Our motivation is that research from other fields indicates that impacts of both environmental and income taxation on households are sensitive to behavioural biases, such as habits, imitation or status seeking. A related feature is that consumers and firms are heterogeneous with respect to many characteristics, some of which are crucial for the distributional effects of a tax reform. We combine insights from social psychology and behavioural, evolutionary and labour economics to identify behavioural cases in which the impacts of an ETR is likely to differ significantly from those in the traditional framework. Our findings show that households’ time use patterns and the distinction between extensive and intensive labour supply are relevant and deserve more attention. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 189-213 Issue: 2 Volume: 10 Year: 2021 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2020.1819433 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2020.1819433 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:2:p:189-213 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Akseer Hussain Author-X-Name-First: Akseer Author-X-Name-Last: Hussain Author-Name: Subhasish Dey Author-X-Name-First: Subhasish Author-X-Name-Last: Dey Title: Revisiting environmental Kuznets curve with HDI: new evidence from cross-country panel data Abstract: This study investigates the existence of Environmental Kuznets curve (so for EKC) for a panel of 30 countries (as three sub-groups viz. developed economies, emerging economies and developing economies) over the period of 27 years from 1990 to 2016. The EKC proposes an inverted U-shape relation between environmental degradation and economic development. Unlike other similar studies where economic development proxied through GDP growth, in this study Human Development Index (HDI) is taken as a measure of development. Thereby the EKC existence is found here as relationship between HDI and ${{\rm CO}_{2}}$CO2 emission (environmental degradation measured in terms of ${{\rm CO}_{2}}$CO2 emission). The econometric framework for this study consists of Pooled OLS model, fixed effect model and fixed effect with instrumental variable model. Results showed the strong evidence of EKC for this panel of countries and also for each individual group of the countries. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 324-342 Issue: 3 Volume: 10 Year: 2021 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1880486 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1880486 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:3:p:324-342 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yu-Kai Huang Author-X-Name-First: Yu-Kai Author-X-Name-Last: Huang Author-Name: Reid B. Stevens Author-X-Name-First: Reid B. Author-X-Name-Last: Stevens Author-Name: W. Douglass Shaw Author-X-Name-First: W. Douglass Author-X-Name-Last: Shaw Title: Waste reduction and waste spillovers: evidence from unit-based pricing of municipal solid waste in Taiwan Abstract: This study evaluates the effects of unit-based pricing (UBP) of municipal solid waste and a mandatory recycling (MR) policy on waste reduction, recycling, illegal dumping, and garbage tourism incidents in major municipalities of Taiwan by using a quasi-experimental framework. The results suggest that the UBP policy curbed the quantity of unsorted waste and increased disposal of biodegradable waste but did not significantly increase recycling. In contrast, the MR policy effectively boosted biodegradable waste and recycling but did not necessarily decrease the amount of unsorted waste. There was a temporary increase in illegal dumping following the UBP policy. No evidence indicates that waste was shipped to nearby urban municipalities that had no UBP policy but likely to a neighbor rural municipality. The efficiency of the UBP in Taiwan is also discussed and compared with similar programs in other countries in this study. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 223-242 Issue: 3 Volume: 10 Year: 2021 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2020.1844064 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2020.1844064 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:3:p:223-242 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bryn Lockwood Author-X-Name-First: Bryn Author-X-Name-Last: Lockwood Author-Name: Benjamin M. Drakeford Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin M. Author-X-Name-Last: Drakeford Title: The value of carbon sequestration by saltmarsh in Chichester Harbour, United Kingdom Abstract: Following decades of habitat loss, carbon sequestration by coastal margin habitats has been recognised for its capacity to regulate atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations. Chichester Harbour, an estuarine complex on the South coast of the UK, is used as a case study area in this paper. Saltmarsh habitat there has declined by 60.6% from 1946 to 2018. This downward trend is predicted to continue. Extrapolated from historic habitat loss, three future saltmarsh habitat area scenarios (worst-case, average loss, best-case) are used to estimate the net carbon sequestered by saltmarsh from 2018 to 2030. Only the best-case scenario predicts a positive net carbon sequestration. Two representative carbon prices (UK policy abatement cost, and the social cost of carbon) are applied to estimate the value of the net carbon sequestered. Discount rates of 2.3% and 3.5% are also applied. Average loss scenario values range from −£2,221,358.99 ± 627,655.96 (abatement cost and a 2.3% discount rate) to −£986,303.19 ± 278,684.84 (social cost of carbon and a 3.5% discount rate). This study is the first to examine non-use values in the area. Results generated here can aid in highlighting the benefits saltmarsh habitats provide, promoting its conservation, as valuations of coastal habitats are poorly represented in management. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 278-292 Issue: 3 Volume: 10 Year: 2021 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2020.1868345 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2020.1868345 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:3:p:278-292 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Samson Mukanjari Author-X-Name-First: Samson Author-X-Name-Last: Mukanjari Author-Name: Edwin Muchapondwa Author-X-Name-First: Edwin Author-X-Name-Last: Muchapondwa Author-Name: Eyoual Demeke Author-X-Name-First: Eyoual Author-X-Name-Last: Demeke Title: Recreation demand and pricing policy for international tourists in developing countries: evidence from South Africa Abstract: National park agencies in Africa often lack incentives to maximize revenue, despite the decline in conservation subsidies from the State. We explore the potential of pricing policy to generate funds for extensive conservation. We estimate recreation demand by international tourists for a popular South African park, calculate the consumer surplus and find the revenue-maximizing entrance fee. Our results suggest substantial underpricing and therefore significant forgone income. By charging low fees at popular parks despite increasing conservation mandates and declining conservation subsidies, national parks in developing countries are forgoing substantial revenue crucial for combating widespread biodiversity losses. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 243-260 Issue: 3 Volume: 10 Year: 2021 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2020.1853609 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2020.1853609 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:3:p:243-260 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dhimitri Qirjo Author-X-Name-First: Dhimitri Author-X-Name-Last: Qirjo Author-Name: Razvan Pascalau Author-X-Name-First: Razvan Author-X-Name-Last: Pascalau Author-Name: Dmitriy Krichevskiy Author-X-Name-First: Dmitriy Author-X-Name-Last: Krichevskiy Title: Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) and air pollution Abstract: The study empirically investigates and shows that on average, the implementation of the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) may contribute in the fight against global warming. This study finds that on average, a 1 percent increase of a percentage point in the bilateral volume of trade as a portion of GDP between Canada and a typical EU member could help reduce annual per capita emissions of GHGs in an average CETA member by about .57%. The results also show that the presence of CETA may decrease annual per capita emissions of GHGs in almost all CETA members. There is no statistically significant evidence suggesting an increase of GHGs per capita emissions in any CETA member, regardless of the model or statistical method employed in the paper. These results stand because of the combinations of the factor endowment hypothesis (FEH), the pollution haven hypothesis based on population density variations (PHH2) and the pollution haven hypothesis based on national income differences (PHH1) between each EU member and Canada. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 293-323 Issue: 3 Volume: 10 Year: 2021 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1877199 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1877199 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:3:p:293-323 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Doramas Jorge-Calderón Author-X-Name-First: Doramas Author-X-Name-Last: Jorge-Calderón Title: The standing of foreign lenders in cost-benefit analysis: some implications for environmental appraisals Abstract: International loans often finance projects with environmental benefits and costs. Cost–benefit analysis (CBA) is the default tool to determine the societal economic value of investment projects or policies producing environmental externalities. Standing in CBA concerns whose benefits and costs count in the calculation of societal value. Common practice is to grant standing only to nationals of the country hosting the policy or investment project under appraisal. Foreign lenders therefore do not stand. The social opportunity cost (SOC) approach to the social discount rate (SDR) addresses foreign loans. In the SOC approach, the SDR incorporates the opportunity cost of foreign loans associated to a marginal change in government borrowing, while foreign lenders implicitly do not stand. However, the literature has not addressed the treatment of foreign loans in appraisals following the social time preference (STP) method of discounting. This paper argues that CBA appraisals following the STP approach to the SDR would need to model loan cash flows explicitly as the loan itself may be a source of societal gain or loss. It then discusses implications for projects with long-term benefits or costs and with cross-border externalities, epitomising environmental appraisals. A case study of a forest harvesting project is also included. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 261-277 Issue: 3 Volume: 10 Year: 2021 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2020.1857848 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2020.1857848 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:3:p:261-277 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Correction Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: i-i Issue: 3 Volume: 10 Year: 2021 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1874646 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1874646 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:3:p:i-i Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Magnus Söderberg Author-X-Name-First: Magnus Author-X-Name-Last: Söderberg Title: Identification of how economic development affects energy use through a natural experiment Abstract: This paper empirically investigates how economic development (GDP) affects energy use. It deviates from previous studies in two important ways: (i) it explicitly allows the effect to be heterogeneous across regions, and (ii) it acknowledges that changes in GDP, i.e. GDP growth, can be endogenous and controls for this by exploiting deaths from natural disasters in 2002 and 2003. This instrument incorporates a natural experiment caused by the unusually severe heat wave that swept past several European countries in the summer of 2003. Based on data from 120 countries, results indicate that the marginal effect of the GDP rate is 66% higher when using 2SLS compared to OLS and that there is substantial heterogeneity across countries. Energy use is negatively correlated with the GDP level suggesting that there may be an Energy Kuznets Curve, but unexplained heterogeneity at high income levels suggests that there is still more to learn about the GDP-Energy relationship.HIGHLIGHTS Investigates empirically how GDP growth affects energy use.Utilises the 2003 European heat wave as an instrument for GDP.Results show the relationship is heterogeneous and OLS is downward biased.Indication of Kuznets effect, i.e. a stronger relationship for less developed countries. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 359-373 Issue: 4 Volume: 10 Year: 2021 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1886994 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1886994 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:4:p:359-373 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Lindgren Author-X-Name-First: S. Author-X-Name-Last: Lindgren Title: A sound investment? Traffic noise mitigation and property values Abstract: Traffic noise is a widespread problem that adversely affects health and well-being. A key policy question is how the benefit of noise mitigation compares with the cost. This study estimates the benefits of noise mitigation by its capitalization into property values. Using a dataset on properties considered for a noise mitigation programme, I estimate a difference-in-differences model that compares prices of properties receiving a measure to properties ineligible for the programme. Results show that noise mitigation raised property prices by 10–12 percent. The property price benefits exceed programme investment cost with each $1 spent on noise mitigation generating up to $1.7 in benefits. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 428-445 Issue: 4 Volume: 10 Year: 2021 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1911861 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1911861 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:4:p:428-445 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thomas Kuhn Author-X-Name-First: Thomas Author-X-Name-Last: Kuhn Author-Name: Radomir Pestow Author-X-Name-First: Radomir Author-X-Name-Last: Pestow Author-Name: Anja Zenker Author-X-Name-First: Anja Author-X-Name-Last: Zenker Title: An axiomatic characterization of a generalized ecological footprint Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to propose an axiomatic characterization of ecological footprint indices. Using an axiomatic approach, we define a set of axioms representing the properties considered appropriate to ecological footprint measures in general. It can be shown that there exists a generalized index which is given by an arbitrary affine transformation of the land area appropriated to provide a country's share of consumption on world production. The footprint of a subset of countries is given by the sum of the individual footprints. As an implication, the well-known compound-based footprint index used by the Global Footprint Network can be characterized as a specification of the generalized index by an appropriate affine transformation. With respect to empirical applications the proposition of generalized and axiomatically characterized measures for the ecological burden by human activity may be considered as the main contribution of the paper. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 391-399 Issue: 4 Volume: 10 Year: 2021 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1901786 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1901786 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:4:p:391-399 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Philipp R. Steinbrunner Author-X-Name-First: Philipp R. Author-X-Name-Last: Steinbrunner Title: Structural reforms and productivity in the electricity generation sector Abstract: The European electricity industry has witnessed substantial restructuring over the last decades, aiming to introduce competitive and efficient electricity markets. This study sheds light on the effects of vertical disintegration and privatization on the productivity of European electricity generators. Using a data set of firms, incorporated in 17 European countries, from 2006 to 2013, I estimate the effect of structural reforms, considering their endogeneity, on technical efficiency derived from production instead of cost functions. This study, therefore, fills the academic void of the effects of structural reforms on productivity. Furthermore, I control for weather conditions, being a novelty with respect to the previous literature. The overall results show that vertical separation significantly decreases productivity of electricity generators by 8–14%, depending on the production function chosen. Besides, privatization results in efficiency gains, thereby providing policy lessons on the implementation of structural reforms. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 446-467 Issue: 4 Volume: 10 Year: 2021 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1921040 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1921040 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:4:p:446-467 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jürgen Meyerhoff Author-X-Name-First: Jürgen Author-X-Name-Last: Meyerhoff Author-Name: Katrin Rehdanz Author-X-Name-First: Katrin Author-X-Name-Last: Rehdanz Author-Name: Andrea Wunsch Author-X-Name-First: Andrea Author-X-Name-Last: Wunsch Title: Preferences for coastal adaptation to climate change: evidence from a choice experiment Abstract: Climate change adaptation is essential for coastal areas. This paper adds to the limited evidence on the trade-offs people are willing to make concerning coastal adaptation strategies along an entire coast of a state (Baltic Sea coast of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania). The trade-offs are conceptualised in a choice experiment in terms of six attributes: the extent of beach nourishment, dyke heightening, cliff protection, access to dunes, realignment of dykes and dunes, and cost in terms of a coastal protection levy. The attributes were selected and designed in close cooperation, among others, with governmental decision-makers. Accounting for preference heterogeneity, we identified three latent groups among the participants of a nationwide online survey in Germany. Respondents who prefer extensive changes, respondents who are willing to pay only for an increase in dyke height, and respondents who are unwilling to cover additional expenses for adaptation. The aggregated welfare measures indicate that an adaptation scenario Recreation ranks highest followed by Safety and Nature. However, the scenarios do not represent unequivocal alternatives and provide essential insights into peoples’ preferences not only to policymakers and the administration in the case study region. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 374-390 Issue: 4 Volume: 10 Year: 2021 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1894990 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1894990 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:4:p:374-390 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mohammad Mashiur Rahman Author-X-Name-First: Mohammad Mashiur Author-X-Name-Last: Rahman Author-Name: Alok K. Bohara Author-X-Name-First: Alok K. Author-X-Name-Last: Bohara Author-Name: Jesus E. Vazquez Author-X-Name-First: Jesus E. Author-X-Name-Last: Vazquez Title: Geospatial analysis of health risks and solid waste management behaviour Abstract: The lack of proper waste management behaviour creates environmental debasement and induces health risks. This study employs primary survey data collected in 2016 to investigate the association between health risks and improper waste management behaviour by households in three locations of Rupandehi District, Nepal. The health risk is measured by a series of water-related symptoms such as Diarrhea, Jaundice, Typhoid Fever, Worms, and Cholera. This paper’s novel contribution is that we identify the spatial nature of the prevalence of waterborne diseases and related factors such as solid waste management behaviour, hygiene infrastructure and personal cleanliness, and socio-economic status of the households. We use a spatial autoregressive model under the negative binomial family, and the result indicates a significant spatial autocorrelation of waterborne diseases. Moreover, we find the significant effect of improper waste management practices on waterborne diseases. The result is consistent even after various robustness and falsification tests. The findings from this study indicate the acute need to raise awareness concerning the malicious effect of improper waste management and the urge to provide wider access to waste management services. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 400-427 Issue: 4 Volume: 10 Year: 2021 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1903560 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1903560 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:4:p:400-427 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jetske Bouma Author-X-Name-First: Jetske Author-X-Name-Last: Bouma Title: Evaluating environmental policy: the use and usefulness of experiments Abstract: This paper reflects on the use and usefulness of experiments for environmental policy evaluation. Whereas most of the literature has focused on the added value of field experiments, this paper also considers the added value of choice and lab experiments. The paper reviews the literature to assess the potential of the different methods, focusing on the type of policy issues that can be evaluated with the help of experiments. It then discusses validity issues, and how the validity of the different methods can be improved, after which it turns to the ‘policy validity’ or generalizability of the outcomes of the different methods, crucial for policy relevance. The paper ends with a reflection on how the use and usefulness of experiments for environmental policy evaluation can be improved, concluding that mixed method approaches that combine the different experimental methods seem most promising although efforts, to enhance the replicability of experiments and the building of an evidence base, are also important. Finally, to enhance the use and usefulness of experiments for environmental policy making, it is important that more attention is paid to the scalability of the experimental findings and for the inclusion of policy context in experimental design. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 468-480 Issue: 4 Volume: 10 Year: 2021 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1933606 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1933606 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:4:p:468-480 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Masako Ikegami Author-X-Name-First: Masako Author-X-Name-Last: Ikegami Author-Name: Zijian Wang Author-X-Name-First: Zijian Author-X-Name-Last: Wang Title: Does energy aid reduce CO2 emission intensities in developing countries? Abstract: Whether energy aid contributes to the reduction of CO2 emissions in developing countries is an unresolved question. We investigate whether the OECD Development Assistance Committee members’ energy aid can help reduce CO2 emission intensities in 64 recipient countries over the period 1995–2014. We find that once lagged energy aid – when measured in terms of once lagged GDP, in absolute terms, or in terms of once lagged total sectoral aid – is effective in reducing the recipients’ subsequent CO2 emission intensities. Importantly, we find highly varied effects of energy aid on the recipients’ CO2 emission intensities – fossil fuel-rich (poor) countries stand to benefit least (most) from receiving energy aid. Our findings point towards the merit of energy aid as a policy tool in achieving the CO2 emission reduction goals and the necessity for bilateral aid donors to take into account the recipients’ fossil fuel abundance when making provisions for energy aid. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 343-358 Issue: 4 Volume: 10 Year: 2021 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1882342 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1882342 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:4:p:343-358 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Fujiwara Author-X-Name-First: D. Author-X-Name-Last: Fujiwara Author-Name: R. Houston Author-X-Name-First: R. Author-X-Name-Last: Houston Author-Name: K. Keohane Author-X-Name-First: K. Author-X-Name-Last: Keohane Author-Name: C. Maxwell Author-X-Name-First: C. Author-X-Name-Last: Maxwell Author-Name: I. van Emmerik Author-X-Name-First: I. Author-X-Name-Last: van Emmerik Title: Applying the wellbeing valuation method to value the costs of roadworks and flooding Abstract: This study uses the wellbeing valuation method to monetise the association between water flooding or roadworks incidents and subjective wellbeing for customers served by Anglian Water in the UK. Using this method, we find that the estimated wellbeing cost per incident for flooding is considerably higher than for roadworks, that internal sewer flooding is associated with a higher wellbeing cost per property than external sewer flooding, and that internal water flooding has a lower estimated wellbeing cost per property than internal sewer flooding. The findings were used in Anglian Water’s 2019 Price Review (PR19) business planning. By providing a wellbeing valuation for events that have also been studied through stated preference models, this research also provides a case study for comparing the differences in results between the two valuation methodologies. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 95-111 Issue: 1 Volume: 11 Year: 2022 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1938688 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1938688 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:95-111 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Danyel I. Hampson Author-X-Name-First: Danyel I. Author-X-Name-Last: Hampson Author-Name: Silvia Ferrini Author-X-Name-First: Silvia Author-X-Name-Last: Ferrini Author-Name: R. Kerry Turner Author-X-Name-First: R. Kerry Author-X-Name-Last: Turner Title: Assessing subjective preferences for river quality improvements: combining Q-methodology and choice experiment data Abstract: Choice decisions are inherently subjective but capturing and explaining nuanced variation in respondents’ attitudes is difficult and needs more than the simple socio-demographic variables traditionally used in economic research. In recent years, environmental economists have been shifting towards a more holistic approach to economic valuation, making an increased use of psychology within behavioural economics, to better understand subjective preferences on the environment. This research applies a novel mixed-methods approach to integrate the results from a Q-methodological analysis, which reveals respondents’ latent traits and perceptions about river management, into a choice experiment which estimates respondents’ preferences for potential future improvements to river water quality. The purpose is to improve the quantification of subjectivity within stated preference experiments. Q-methodology reveals five statistically distinct narratives (characterised as Ecological, Financial, Leadership, Collaboration, Legislation) which define the main perspectives respondents hold for river management strategies. Choice experiment results suggest subjectivity causes significant differences in respondents’ choice behaviour. Statistically verified Q-methodological narratives provide plausible explanations for differences in respondents’ choice preferences regarding river water quality improvements. By triangulating between quantitative and qualitative research methods, we demonstrate a research strategy that can contribute to a better understanding of the impact socially contested perspectives have on respondents’ choice behaviour. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 56-74 Issue: 1 Volume: 11 Year: 2022 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1879682 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1879682 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:56-74 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. J. Metcalfe Author-X-Name-First: P. J. Author-X-Name-Last: Metcalfe Author-Name: A. Sen Author-X-Name-First: A. Author-X-Name-Last: Sen Title: Sensitivity to scope of water and wastewater service valuations: a meta-analysis of findings from water price reviews in Great Britain Abstract: At the 2014/15 water price reviews in Great Britain, a notionally similar stated preference methodology was used across multiple customer surveys to derive willingness to pay (WTP) estimates for comparable service improvements. Very different valuations were obtained for the same service measures, however, raising questions regarding their validity and reliability. This paper examines the variation in those WTP estimates via a meta-analysis of household WTP values from 18 water companies for five common service measures. Our main finding is that WTP decreased substantially with the service changes offered for valuation, a finding that is inconsistent with expected utility theory, the standard economic theory of rational choice under uncertainty, but is consistent with predictions from prospect theory, and with empirical evidence from related fields. Moreover, the majority of the observed variation in WTP estimates could be explained by differences in the scope of service change offered. The study also finds that WTP increased with the number of households supplied, a finding which is considered likely to be due to altruism, and with GDP per capita, and decreased with the number of attributes included in the study design. Significant risk framing effects are also identified. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 21-38 Issue: 1 Volume: 11 Year: 2022 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1984314 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1984314 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:21-38 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paul Metcalfe Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Metcalfe Title: Valuing water and wastewater services in the UK: introduction to the special issue Abstract: At the most recent water price review in England and Wales, PR19, water companies were encouraged more than ever before by the economic regulator, Ofwat, to expand the evidence based on the value of potential improvements to water and wastewater services, and to consider new and innovative methods for doing so. The present special issue was motivated by the opportunity to take stock of the developments and invite scrutiny from a wider academic and policy audience, thereby hopefully stimulating further innovation and advancement of the techniques used. It contains six papers, including a history of willingness to pay research in the UK water sector, a meta-analysis of UK water and wastewater service valuations and four novel valuation studies conducted for PR19. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 1-3 Issue: 1 Volume: 11 Year: 2022 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2025910 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2025910 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:1-3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ali Chalak Author-X-Name-First: Ali Author-X-Name-Last: Chalak Author-Name: Paul Metcalfe Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Metcalfe Title: Valuing water and wastewater service improvements via impact-weighted numbers of service failures Abstract: Stated preference valuations of water and wastewater service improvements in Great Britain have been found to be highly variable across studies for similar units of service, driven primarily by a substantive dependence on the scope of service change offered to survey participants. The present paper motivates and describes a new approach that is simpler for survey participants and sidesteps the key problems caused by scope insensitivity. It relies on first deriving estimates of the relative impact of different types of service issue, and then using these to apportion a package valuation into valuations of individual service level improvements. The paper presents a case study that implements the new approach in a real business planning context and discusses the impact the new approach has on the valuation results obtained. We contend that the new approach has significant advantages over traditional discrete choice experiment approaches to water and wastewater service valuation and recommend it for future use in similar policy/planning contexts. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 39-55 Issue: 1 Volume: 11 Year: 2022 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.2023052 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.2023052 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:39-55 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ken Willis Author-X-Name-First: Ken Author-X-Name-Last: Willis Author-Name: Rob Sheldon Author-X-Name-First: Rob Author-X-Name-Last: Sheldon Title: Research on customers’ willingness-to-pay for service changes in UK water company price reviews 1994–2019 Abstract: Water companies are regional monopolies in the UK, and subject to quinquennial price reviews to ensure customers receive value for money. This paper documents the application and evolution of stated preference methodology in the quinquennial price review research. Stated preference methods are used to assess customers’ preferences for changes to water supply, waste-water, and environmental services; and customers’ willingness-to-pay, or willingness-to-accept, water bill amounts for changes to these service levels. Recently revealed preference methods have been given more prominence in estimating values for some water services. The application of stated preference, and revealed preference, has seen continued attempts, in successive price reviews, to improve the accuracy and reliability of values for water services, as an input into the cost–benefit analysis of water projects, and water company business plans. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 4-20 Issue: 1 Volume: 11 Year: 2022 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1927850 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1927850 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:4-20 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paulo Anciaes Author-X-Name-First: Paulo Author-X-Name-Last: Anciaes Title: Revealed preference valuation of beach and river water quality in Wales Abstract: This paper estimates the value of water quality for outdoor recreation in Wales, considering all beaches and rivers in the country, and accounting for the value accrued to existing visits and generated from new visits. The values were aggregated for the population and mapped to show where the benefits of improving water quality are higher. We used a revealed preference method that links models of choices of beaches and rivers with models of the monthly number of visits to all beaches and rivers. We found that improving water quality of a beach from good to excellent has an estimated value of £2.58 per existing visit and leads to an average 52% increase in the number of visits, resulting in an overall value of £199,164/month per person. Improving water quality of a beach from sufficient/poor to good has a smaller value and impact on number of visits. Improving water quality of a river stretch to above bad/poor has a value of £0.99 per existing visit and leads to a 64% increase in the number of visits, resulting in an overall value of £15,671/month per person. We discuss how the assumptions made in the analysis might affect these results. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 75-94 Issue: 1 Volume: 11 Year: 2022 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2020.1864778 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2020.1864778 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:75-94 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Emad Kazemzadeh Author-X-Name-First: Emad Author-X-Name-Last: Kazemzadeh Author-Name: José Alberto Fuinhas Author-X-Name-First: José Alberto Author-X-Name-Last: Fuinhas Author-Name: Matheus Koengkan Author-X-Name-First: Matheus Author-X-Name-Last: Koengkan Title: The impact of income inequality and economic complexity on ecological footprint: an analysis covering a long-time span Abstract: Income inequality and economic complexity impacts on ecological footprint were researched for a panel of twenty-five countries, from 1970 to 2016, using the panel quantile regression approach. Results support that the economic complexity index in the 10th and 25th quantiles and pooled OLS regression positively affects ecological footprint, but not in the 75th and 90th quantiles. Gross Domestic Product in the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th quantiles have a positive effect on ecological footprint. Consumption of fossil fuels and population growth positively affects the ecological footprint in 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th quantiles and the pooled OLS. Income inequality in the 10th, 25th, and 50th quantiles and the OLS model regression positively affect ecological footprint. Economic openness in 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th quantiles and the pooled OLS negatively affect ecological footprint. Policymakers should promote policies to (i) encourage investment in green energy technologies and implement upgraded energy and environmental laws; (ii) diversify exports and sophisticate products in countries with a high ecological footprint; (iii) depth of human development to control for the population growth and stimulate the economic complexity; (vi) negotiate international trade agreements to open the economy; (v) implement measures to curb income inequality. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 133-153 Issue: 2 Volume: 11 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1930188 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1930188 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:2:p:133-153 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Isaac Ankamah-Yeboah Author-X-Name-First: Isaac Author-X-Name-Last: Ankamah-Yeboah Author-Name: Claire W. Armstrong Author-X-Name-First: Claire W. Author-X-Name-Last: Armstrong Author-Name: Stephen Hynes Author-X-Name-First: Stephen Author-X-Name-Last: Hynes Author-Name: Bui Bich Xuan Author-X-Name-First: Bui Bich Author-X-Name-Last: Xuan Author-Name: Katherine Simpson Author-X-Name-First: Katherine Author-X-Name-Last: Simpson Title: Assessing public preferences for deep sea ecosystem conservation: a choice experiment in Norway and Scotland Abstract: Recent events around the world have revealed varying degrees of public support for climate change and environmental regulation. Applying a latent class logit model, this study investigates Norwegian and Scottish public’s economic support for proposed deep sea management policies for novel attributes, identifying the presence of preference heterogeneity. Marine litter and health of fish stocks were the attributes with the highest values in absolute terms. This was followed by the size of the protected area coverage, whilst the creation of jobs was the least valued. The results highlight public support for the further collective action required by the EU in moving beyond the 2020 objective of achieving good environmental status of Europe’s seas, despite the low WTP values of the minority classes in each country. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 113-132 Issue: 2 Volume: 11 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1924286 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1924286 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:2:p:113-132 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yimeng Du Author-X-Name-First: Yimeng Author-X-Name-Last: Du Author-Name: Teng Ma Author-X-Name-First: Teng Author-X-Name-Last: Ma Title: Impact of electricity pricing strategy on residential energy consumption decisions in China: empirical evidence from a household survey Abstract: In this study, the direct impact of knowledge about the electricity pricing policies on residents’ electricity saving behaviour and the indirect impact of these pricing strategies on residential consumers’ fuel choices are analysed by adopting a traditional two-stage-least-squares model. Moreover, due to the different levels of affordability of energy, differences between rural and urban households are also examined. Estimations are based on an analysis of data from 3653 households from the Chinese General Social Survey of 2015. We find that energy sources with higher health risks – raw coal and briquettes – are more likely to be used in rural households than in urban households. However, our results confirm that applying for time-of-use (TOU) tariffs can help rural residents reduce their electricity expenditure, and thus increase their ability to consume cleaner energy – LPG instead of coal. Similarly, choosing TOU and possessing a higher understanding of tiered electricity pricing (TEP) significantly improves urban residents’ electricity saving behaviours. Urban residents with higher energy saving awareness are more likely to purchase energy sources with more convenience and less carbon emissions – natural gas instead of LPG. Finally, we suggest that more information on the TEP pricing scheme should be offered to rural residents to improve their energy saving knowledge levels. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 154-171 Issue: 2 Volume: 11 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1930586 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1930586 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:2:p:154-171 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Magali Aubert Author-X-Name-First: Magali Author-X-Name-Last: Aubert Author-Name: Geoffroy Enjolras Author-X-Name-First: Geoffroy Author-X-Name-Last: Enjolras Title: Intensive and extensive impacts of EU subsidies on pesticide expenditures at the farm level Abstract: This paper studies the intensive and extensive effects of European subsidies on pesticide expenditures at the farm level. Intensive effects refer to the relative value of pesticide expenditures to sales, while extensive effects consider acreage effects. Our approach is original insofar as we consider the consequences of EU policies at the farm level. The analysis relies on the French Farm Accountancy Data Network database from 2007 to 2015 which provides detailed information on farm structure and accounting. The influence of subsidies on pesticide expenditures is measured through a simultaneous equation model using panel data. Even if the aggregate value of EU subsidies does not seem to influence pesticide expenditures, each of the pillars has for its part a significant influence: the 1st pillar contributes to increasing pesticide expenditures, while the 2nd pillar leads to decreasing pesticide expenditures, except for subsidies to crop insurance policies. Overall subsidies and subsidies from the 1st pillar have also a significant and positive impact on farm acreage. The very contrasting effect of European subsidies on pesticide expenditures thus questions the effectiveness of public policies towards the issue of environmentally friendly practices. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 218-234 Issue: 2 Volume: 11 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1955749 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1955749 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:2:p:218-234 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Veli Yilanci Author-X-Name-First: Veli Author-X-Name-Last: Yilanci Author-Name: Ugur Korkut Pata Author-X-Name-First: Ugur Korkut Author-X-Name-Last: Pata Title: On the interaction between fiscal policy and CO2 emissions in G7 countries: 1875–2016 Abstract: This study examines the impact of fiscal policy and economic growth on CO2 emissions employing a bootstrap causality test in the frequency domain. Analysing a long time series of data from 1875 to 2016 for G7 countries, we mainly aim to investigate the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis and whether fiscal policy affects the environment. The findings of causality from government expenditures to CO2 emissions are time-varying. However, the causality from economic growth to CO2 emissions follows a stable path and does not change over time in all countries except Canada. Since causal relations follow a consistent line and do not confirm an inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution, the EKC hypothesis does not hold in the G7 countries, implying that environmental problems are not automatically solved. The results also suggest that fiscal policy can contribute to climate change mitigation at different points in time. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 196-217 Issue: 2 Volume: 11 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1950575 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1950575 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:2:p:196-217 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mahmoud Hassan Author-X-Name-First: Mahmoud Author-X-Name-Last: Hassan Author-Name: Walid Oueslati Author-X-Name-First: Walid Author-X-Name-Last: Oueslati Author-Name: Damien Rousselière Author-X-Name-First: Damien Author-X-Name-Last: Rousselière Title: Energy taxes and economic growth in OECD countries: a simultaneous equations approach Abstract: This paper explores the channels through which energy taxes may affect economic growth, using a simultaneous equations model for a balanced panel data of 31 OECD countries over the 1994–2013 period. The empirical results reveal a negative impact of energy taxes on physical investment in the short and long term. This impact is negatively sensitive to the existence and level of public debt. Additionally, the results show that energy taxes have an indirect effect on human capital through their impact on polluting emissions. The taxes on energy products are able to reduce both the flux and the stock of polluting emissions that have a negative impact on human capital skills in the short and long term. Finally, we found that energy taxes could encourage eco-innovation in the short and long term. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 172-195 Issue: 2 Volume: 11 Year: 2022 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1937326 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1937326 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:2:p:172-195 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_1979101_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220823T191300 git hash: 39867e6e2f Author-Name: Sabina Ampon-Wireko Author-X-Name-First: Sabina Author-X-Name-Last: Ampon-Wireko Author-Name: Lulin Zhou Author-X-Name-First: Lulin Author-X-Name-Last: Zhou Author-Name: Xinglong Xu Author-X-Name-First: Xinglong Author-X-Name-Last: Xu Author-Name: Lamini Dauda Author-X-Name-First: Lamini Author-X-Name-Last: Dauda Author-Name: Isaac Adjei Mensah Author-X-Name-First: Isaac Adjei Author-X-Name-Last: Mensah Author-Name: Ebenezer Larnyo Author-X-Name-First: Ebenezer Author-X-Name-Last: Larnyo Author-Name: Easmond Baah Nketiah Author-X-Name-First: Easmond Author-X-Name-Last: Baah Nketiah Title: The relationship between healthcare expenditure, CO2 emissions and natural resources: evidence from developing countries Abstract: The paper examines the association between health expenditure, carbon emission, economic growth, natural resources, and population in developing countries for 2000–2018. It further explores the relationship between these variables over the same period. The study applied Pooled mean group (PMG) and Dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) estimations to explore the long and short-term impact of environmental pollution, economic growth, and natural resources on health expenditure. PMG and the DOLS results show that economic growth and environmental pollution, and natural resources increase health expenditure at the panel level. However, improved sanitation reduces health spending. The findings for the individual country level from the FMOLS confirmed similar results for some countries. Furthermore, there is bidirectional causality between health spending and economic growth. Developing nations should implement strategic environment management policies that enhanced clean and healthy air to decrease the pressure on health care expenses. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 272-286 Issue: 3 Volume: 11 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1979101 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1979101 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:3:p:272-286 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_1962412_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220823T191300 git hash: 39867e6e2f Author-Name: Novice Patrick Bakehe Author-X-Name-First: Novice Patrick Author-X-Name-Last: Bakehe Title: Energy poverty: consequences for respiratory health and labour force participation in Cameroon Abstract: Insufficient access to modern forms of energy is an important issue for development. This has made the concept of energy poverty to be widely discussed. There is a consensus on the fact that energy poverty has serious effects on health, education, and other socio-economic aspects of individuals. However, the measurement of energy poverty and its effects on labour force participation is generally absent or inaccurate especially at the micro-economic level in developing countries. The objective of this study is therefore to analyse the relationship between energy poverty, respiratory health and participation in the labour market. The data comes from the fourth Cameroon household survey carried out in 2014. The trivariate recursive probit model shows that energy poverty increases the risk of respiratory illnesses and that these illnesses have a negative effect on the labour force participation, especially for women. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 235-247 Issue: 3 Volume: 11 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1962412 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1962412 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:3:p:235-247 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_1971114_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220823T191300 git hash: 39867e6e2f Author-Name: Baoubadi Atozou Author-X-Name-First: Baoubadi Author-X-Name-Last: Atozou Author-Name: Stéphane Bergeron Author-X-Name-First: Stéphane Author-X-Name-Last: Bergeron Author-Name: Maurice Doyon Author-X-Name-First: Maurice Author-X-Name-Last: Doyon Author-Name: Lota D. Tamini Author-X-Name-First: Lota D. Author-X-Name-Last: Tamini Title: Improving meta-analyses on hypothetical bias by using separate models for private and public goods Abstract: Previous meta-analyses examined hypothetical bias studies with the aim of identifying characteristics of stated preference (SP) design that potentially reduce hypothetical bias. However, previous meta-analyses combined observations for both public and private goods in their models. In this paper, we argue that eliciting values for public and private goods should be considered in separate models. Individuals’ behaviours, the choice of mechanism and the efficiency of mitigation techniques are specific to each type of good. Separating the models should allow more precise model specification and better identification of design effects. With two meta-regressions hierarchical mixed-effect models we provide the first meta-analysis for public and private goods separately. This approach provides specific information regarding SP design and better insight into the efficiency of mitigation techniques to reduce hypothetical bias. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 260-271 Issue: 3 Volume: 11 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1971114 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1971114 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:3:p:260-271 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_1981460_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220823T191300 git hash: 39867e6e2f Author-Name: Martin Förster Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Förster Author-Name: Volker Müller-Benedict Author-X-Name-First: Volker Author-X-Name-Last: Müller-Benedict Title: The effects of income inequality on the willingness to contribute to environmental sustainability Abstract: Over the last years, the impact of social inequality in various fields was analysed and researched. Surprisingly, preceding research on the correlation between income inequality and environmental pollution revealed no evidence for such a connection. In this paper, we break down the effect of income inequality on the individuals’ willingness to contribute to environmental sustainability into two indirect effects: the growing privatization of public costs and the expansion of social conflicts. Analysing data from an ISSP survey from 2010, we conclude that the lack of statistical correlation between income inequality and the willingness to contribute to environmental protection results from the simultaneous occurrence of two opposite forces of equal strength: With higher inequality, a person perceives the costs of environmental damage as a private problem, thereby his/her willingness to contribute to the protection of the environment rises. On the other hand, with higher inequality, the willingness to contribute is less enhanced by a norm of contributing to environmental sustainability. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 287-297 Issue: 3 Volume: 11 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1981460 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1981460 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:3:p:287-297 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_1993348_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220823T191300 git hash: 39867e6e2f Author-Name: Théo Benonnier Author-X-Name-First: Théo Author-X-Name-Last: Benonnier Author-Name: Katrin Millock Author-X-Name-First: Katrin Author-X-Name-Last: Millock Author-Name: Vis Taraz Author-X-Name-First: Vis Author-X-Name-Last: Taraz Title: Long-term migration trends and rising temperatures: the role of irrigation Abstract: Climate variability has the potential to affect both international and internal migration profoundly. Earlier work finds that higher temperatures reduce agricultural yields, which in turn reduces migration rates in low-income countries, due to liquidity constraints. We test whether access to irrigation modulates this temperature–migration relationship, since irrigation buffers agricultural incomes from high temperatures. We regress measures of international and internal migration on decadal averages of temperature and rainfall, interacted with country-level data on irrigation and income. We find robust evidence that, for poor countries, irrigation access significantly offsets the negative effect of increasing temperatures on internal migration, as proxied by urbanisation rates. Our results demonstrate the importance of considering access to alternative adaptation strategies when analysing the temperature-migration relationship. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 307-330 Issue: 3 Volume: 11 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1993348 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1993348 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:3:p:307-330 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_1966516_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220823T191300 git hash: 39867e6e2f Author-Name: Sven Grüner Author-X-Name-First: Sven Author-X-Name-Last: Grüner Title: Rethinking how risk aversion and impatience are linked with cognitive ability: experimental findings from agricultural students and farmers Abstract: Dohmen et al. (2010) find in their paper (‘Are Risk Aversion and Impatience Related to Cognitive Ability?'), which has been published in the American Economic Review, that risk aversion and impatience are negatively related to cognitive ability. This topic is important because controlling for cognitive ability might be necessary if someone is interested in the link of risk preferences or time preferences to real-world outcomes. We re-examine their key results by conducting an experimental study using two subject pools (agricultural students and farmers) and three levels of monetary incentives. Similar to Dohmen et al. (2010), our study finds the above-described negative correlations. However, the strength of the association is relatively small in the realm of risk aversion and negligible with impatience. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 248-259 Issue: 3 Volume: 11 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1966516 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1966516 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:3:p:248-259 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_1981461_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220823T191300 git hash: 39867e6e2f Author-Name: Andy S. Choi Author-X-Name-First: Andy S. Author-X-Name-Last: Choi Title: How conditional are the conditional willingness-to-pay estimates? A Monte Carlo evaluation Abstract: This paper aims to examine whether or not differing sample compositions influence conditional willingness-to-pay (WTP) estimates for the same respondents, using a Monte Carlo evaluation. The results in this paper challenge the use of individual-specific WTP values. Approximately at least one out of five respondents are likely to show frequent extreme WTP values. Interval variables might give more stable tastes across varying sample compositions than dummy variables. Nonmarket valuation researchers, exploring preference heterogeneity, should be more cautious about potentially unstable conditional WTP estimates, particularly when respondents are regrouped with differing memberships. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 298-306 Issue: 3 Volume: 11 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1981461 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1981461 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:3:p:298-306 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_2010604_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220823T191300 git hash: 39867e6e2f Author-Name: Samson Mukanjari Author-X-Name-First: Samson Author-X-Name-Last: Mukanjari Author-Name: Herbert Ntuli Author-X-Name-First: Herbert Author-X-Name-Last: Ntuli Author-Name: Edwin Muchapondwa Author-X-Name-First: Edwin Author-X-Name-Last: Muchapondwa Title: Valuation of nature-based tourism using contingent valuation survey: evidence from South Africa Abstract: The increasing pressure within developing countries to focus on other national objectives has led to declining fiscal transfers for conservation. This paper assesses the potential for a typical large African park such as the Kruger National Park to generate additional revenue through an entrance fee hike in order to finance park operations. This is investigated by estimating international tourists’ willingness to pay (WTP) for possible future visits. The estimated WTP is substantial, ranging from $216 to $255 per trip and $79 million to $94 million per year for all international tourists. Using a non-parametric survival function to calculate the consumer surplus that could be extracted from tourists, we show that park authorities can increase total revenue by 57% to 61% ($38 million and $40 million) per year. These findings indicate that unique African parks such as the Kruger National Park can contribute to African economies through revenues from increased entrance fees. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 331-349 Issue: 3 Volume: 11 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.2010604 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.2010604 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:3:p:331-349 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_2043188_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Heini Ahtiainen Author-X-Name-First: Heini Author-X-Name-Last: Ahtiainen Author-Name: Tuija Lankia Author-X-Name-First: Tuija Author-X-Name-Last: Lankia Author-Name: Jussi Lehtonen Author-X-Name-First: Jussi Author-X-Name-Last: Lehtonen Author-Name: Olli Lehtonen Author-X-Name-First: Olli Author-X-Name-Last: Lehtonen Author-Name: Christine Bertram Author-X-Name-First: Christine Author-X-Name-Last: Bertram Author-Name: Jürgen Meyerhoff Author-X-Name-First: Jürgen Author-X-Name-Last: Meyerhoff Author-Name: Kristīne Pakalniete Author-X-Name-First: Kristīne Author-X-Name-Last: Pakalniete Author-Name: Katrin Rehdanz Author-X-Name-First: Katrin Author-X-Name-Last: Rehdanz Author-Name: Eija Pouta Author-X-Name-First: Eija Author-X-Name-Last: Pouta Title: Welfare effect of substitute sites for coastal recreation – evidence from the Baltic Sea Abstract: Omission of substitute sites in travel cost analysis can cause an overestimation of recreational benefits. Only few analyses have included substitutes, partly because of the difficulty in defining an appropriate set of substitutes. We examine factors affecting the existence of substitutes and their impact on the demand and value of coastal recreation using spatially-referenced survey data from Finland, Germany and Latvia on recreational visits to the Baltic Sea, which can be characterized as a unique destination. Substitutes are defined by respondents themselves. Our findings indicate that the existence and effects of substitute sites differ across countries. Many respondents have no substitutes for Baltic Sea recreation, in particular in Latvia. Respondent and visit-specific factors explain the probability of having substitutes. Substitutes reduce the demand for coastal recreation in Finland and Germany but increase it in Latvia. Further, respondents having substitutes are less sensitive to travel costs in Germany and more sensitive in Finland and Latvia. The annual welfare from Baltic Sea recreation is lower for people who have substitutes in Finland and Germany, and higher in Latvia. The findings suggest that uniform assumptions about the existence and effects of substitutes appear unwarranted, especially for sites of unique or iconic nature. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 375-395 Issue: 4 Volume: 11 Year: 2022 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2043188 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2043188 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:4:p:375-395 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_2044391_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Shraddha Shrivastava Author-X-Name-First: Shraddha Author-X-Name-Last: Shrivastava Author-Name: Kakali Mukhopadhyay Author-X-Name-First: Kakali Author-X-Name-Last: Mukhopadhyay Title: Valuation and financing of National Parks in South and South East Asia: a meta-analysis Abstract: Protected Areas, the mainstay of biodiversity conservation, are facing an unprecedented threat of being exploited, making their conservation not only crucial but also urgent. As the looming threat does not leave scope for expensive and time-consuming surveys, this paper intends to add to the existing literature and to the cause of biodiversity conservation by undertaking the first ever multinational Meta-Analysis of National Park (NP) valuation studies in South and South East Asia. The relative importance of study-, site-, and socioeconomic characteristics is estimated through a meta-regression and suggestions for redesigning pricing strategies to capture the unrealized consumer surplus are presented. Key results highlight the importance of the place of residence, area of the NP, and GDP per capita in explaining variation in NP value. Furthermore, taking note of the havoc wreaked by the COVID-19 pandemic, the study highlights the need to diversify the funding base for NP management in order to ensure sustainable financing by presenting country-specific examples. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 396-419 Issue: 4 Volume: 11 Year: 2022 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2044391 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2044391 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:4:p:396-419 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_2012837_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Kelsi G. Hobbs Author-X-Name-First: Kelsi G. Author-X-Name-Last: Hobbs Author-Name: Albert N. Link Author-X-Name-First: Albert N. Author-X-Name-Last: Link Author-Name: Christopher A. Swann Author-X-Name-First: Christopher A. Author-X-Name-Last: Swann Title: The overcrowding of Zion National Park: is it a pricing problem? Abstract: In 2017, The New York Times sounded the alarm that ‘the number of [U.S. national] park visitors have reached an unprecedented level, leaving many tourists frustrated and many environmentalists concerned about the toll of overcrowding.’ We address herein the overcrowding issue at Zion National Park in an effort to provide empirical context for upcoming Congressional consideration of entrance fees at national parks under the Federal Lands Recreation Enhancement Act. Zion is the fourth largest of the 63 U.S. national parks encompassing 148 thousand acres and welcoming 4.5 million recreation visits in 2019. We determine from U.S. National Park Service data that severe overcrowding occurs during the summer months of June, July, and August. One way to possibly reduce overcrowding is to increase the price. We estimate that if the entrance fee to Zion was increased from $35.00 per vehicle to $70.00 per vehicle during those months, the number of recreation visits would decrease by more than 18 percent and would result in an acceptable number of recreation visits defined to be what is experienced in May. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 351-360 Issue: 4 Volume: 11 Year: 2022 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.2012837 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.2012837 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:4:p:351-360 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_2024094_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Dambala Gelo Author-X-Name-First: Dambala Author-X-Name-Last: Gelo Author-Name: Jane Turpie Author-X-Name-First: Jane Author-X-Name-Last: Turpie Title: The effect of forest land use on the cost of drinking water supply: machine learning evidence from South African data Abstract: Water quality amelioration is one of the key ecosystem services provided by forests in the catchment areas of water supply systems. In this study, we applied random effect models and the least absolute shrinkage and selection regression method of machine learning to South African panel data to estimate the causal effect of natural forest cover on municipalities' water treatment cost. We controlled for a range of confounding covariates including other land cover variables including wetlands, plantation forests, grassland, woodland etc. The Lasso based instrumental variable (IV) method allowed us to simultaneously account for model uncertainty surrounding variable selection and endogeneity bias. We found significant and robust evidence that natural forestland cover reduces water treatment costs at the intensive margin. Estimates from our preferred models indicated that the marginal benefit of increasing forest cover is R310.63 /ha/year. We also found that the elasticity response of water treatment cost to natural forest area is 0.02%. Our estimate of the marginal value of the water purification service is small compared to the producer's surplus from alternative land uses. However, protection of natural forest land use might be defended if other ecosystem goods and services provided by natural forests are taken into account. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 361-374 Issue: 4 Volume: 11 Year: 2022 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.2024094 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.2024094 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:4:p:361-374 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_2059015_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Jude Bayham Author-X-Name-First: Jude Author-X-Name-Last: Bayham Author-Name: Jesse Burkhardt Author-X-Name-First: Jesse Author-X-Name-Last: Burkhardt Author-Name: Makena Coffman Author-X-Name-First: Makena Author-X-Name-Last: Coffman Author-Name: Sherilyn Hayashida Author-X-Name-First: Sherilyn Author-X-Name-Last: Hayashida Author-Name: Sumner La Croix Author-X-Name-First: Sumner Author-X-Name-Last: La Croix Title: Does air pollution increase electric vehicle adoption? Evidence from U.S. metropolitan areas, 2011–2018 Abstract: We estimate a model of electric vehicle (EV) adoption in 427 of the largest metropolitan areas in the 48 contiguous U.S. states. We observe all new battery electric vehicles (BEV) and plug-in electric vehicles (PHEV) registrations by metro area over the 2011–2018 period, and we investigate whether adoption of new EVs is statistically related to multiple types of air pollution – long-term air pollution as measured by ambient PM2.5 and temporary pollution events as measured by the presence of wildfire smoke plumes in either the lower or upper atmosphere. Regression results show that both ambient PM2.5 and smoke plumes are related to BEV and PHEV adoptions by metro area. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 438-462 Issue: 4 Volume: 11 Year: 2022 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2059015 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2059015 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:4:p:438-462 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_2049372_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Serhan Cevik Author-X-Name-First: Serhan Author-X-Name-Last: Cevik Title: Waiting for Godot? The case for climate change adaptation and mitigation in small island states Abstract: Global warming is the most significant threat to ecosystems and people’s health and living standards in the coming decades, especially in small island states in the Caribbean and elsewhere. This paper contributes to the debate by analyzing different options to scale up climate change mitigation and adaptation. In particular, the empirical analysis indicates that increasing energy efficiency and reducing the use of fossil fuel in electricity generation could lead to a significant reduction in carbon emissions, while investing in physical and financial resilience would yield long-run benefits. From a risk-reward perspective, the advantages of reducing the risks associated with climate change and the health benefits from higher environmental quality clearly outweigh the potential cost of climate change mitigation and adaptation in the short run. The additional revenue generated by environmental taxes could be used to compensate the most vulnerable households, building a multilayered safety net, and strengthening structural resilience. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 420-437 Issue: 4 Volume: 11 Year: 2022 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2049372 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2049372 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:4:p:420-437 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_2077840_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Paul Hindsley Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Hindsley Author-Name: Craig E. Landry Author-X-Name-First: Craig E. Author-X-Name-Last: Landry Author-Name: Kurt Schnier Author-X-Name-First: Kurt Author-X-Name-Last: Schnier Author-Name: John C. Whitehead Author-X-Name-First: John C. Author-X-Name-Last: Whitehead Author-Name: Mohammadreza Zarei Author-X-Name-First: Mohammadreza Author-X-Name-Last: Zarei Title: Joint estimation of angler revealed preference site selection and stated preference choice experiment recreation data considering attribute non-attendance Abstract: We estimate angler demand models with revealed preference (RP) and stated preference (SP) site selection marine recreational fishing data. We combine RP data from the Marine Recreational Information Program (MRIP) creel survey with SP discrete choice experiment survey data from 2003/2004. There are eight SP trip decisions and one RP trip decision for each of 1928 anglers who provided enough information to be analysed. Joint RP-SP generalized multinomial logit models are estimated. We find that the SP travel cost coefficient is much lower than the RP travel cost coefficient in absolute value, suggesting hypothetical bias in the SP data. This difference is reflected in the willingness to pay estimates, where the SP estimates for improved catch are much higher than the RP estimates. We use inferred attribute non-attendance (ANA) methods to identify respondents who may be ignoring the SP cost variable. The SP cost coefficient accounting for ANA is much higher in absolute value than the SP coefficient from the model that does not account for ANA. The ANA model indicates much more consistency between the RP and SP data. The smaller difference in the travel cost coefficients is also reflected in the willingness to pay estimates. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 44-62 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2077840 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2077840 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:1:p:44-62 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_2085183_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Mary Oluwatoyin Agboola Author-X-Name-First: Mary Oluwatoyin Author-X-Name-Last: Agboola Author-Name: Andrew Adewale Alola Author-X-Name-First: Andrew Adewale Author-X-Name-Last: Alola Title: The energy mix-environmental aspects of income and economic freedom in Hong Kong: cointegration and frequency domain causality evidence Abstract: Since the inception of the quantification or qualification of global economic freedom, there has been increasing drive and competition towards for better financial freedom among the global economies. However, balancing the drive towards environmental sustainability and economic freedom, especially from the context of the Global Goals, has remained relatively ignored. Thus, this study tries to reveal the nature of the relationship, that is, a U- or inverted U-shaped hypothesis between economic freedom and environmental degradation in the case of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China (HKSAR). As the result of the investigation implied, economic freedom and environmental degradation exhibit a U-shaped relationship against the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve in the relationship between environmental degradation and income. The implication is that economic freedom poses more danger to the environment than income growth, especially when both experiences exponential increase. In any case, Hong Kong’s two principal energy sources (coal and oil) constitute a significant source of environmental damage. Moreover, there is Granger-causality evidence with frequency inference in favour of causality between carbon emission and all the explanatory variables except for the fossil oil consumption. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 63-78 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2085183 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2085183 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:1:p:63-78 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_2071344_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Nicolas Schneider Author-X-Name-First: Nicolas Author-X-Name-Last: Schneider Title: Climate policy, resource owners’ anticipations and the green paradox: model set-up and empirical considerations Abstract: With the acceleration of environmental commitments, the Green Paradox has been taking centre stage in the climate debate. In the standard Hotelling (1936) framework, producers may interpret environmental regulations as direct threats to resource scarcity rents. They compensate the future losses of revenues by forward shifting the extraction decision to the present period. In this paper, we defend the intuition behind which the anticipation effects of fossil producers are non-negligible and cannot be ignored by environmental planners. However, facing the conflicting evidence and theoretical underpinnings arising from the most recent literature, we argue that their effective impacts on climate targets tend to be over-estimated and might become smaller under reasonable assumptions and identified conditions. Accordingly, a set of recommendations are provided to internalize such inferences within upcoming climate measures. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 33-43 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2071344 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2071344 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:1:p:33-43 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_2065364_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Salpage Nesha Dushani Author-X-Name-First: Salpage Author-X-Name-Last: Nesha Dushani Author-Name: Margrethe Aanesen Author-X-Name-First: Margrethe Author-X-Name-Last: Aanesen Author-Name: Claire W. Armstrong Author-X-Name-First: Claire W. Author-X-Name-Last: Armstrong Title: Willingness to pay for mangrove restoration to reduce the climate change impacts on ecotourism in Rekawa coastal wetland, Sri Lanka Abstract: This study investigates tourist preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) for restoration of mangroves to reduce the effects of climate change (CC) on ecotourism at Rekawa coastal wetland, Sri Lanka, using a double bounded discrete choice elicitation format in a contingent valuation method. The survey also included socio-economic, demographic, and attitudinal characteristics of respondents. The results reveal that domestic and foreign tourists on average were willing to pay 2.65 USD and 11.4 USD per person, respectively, for mangrove restoration in Rekawa wetland. Among socio-demographic variables, education, age, and occupation had a significant effect on WTP. Furthermore, we show that foreign respondents with greater trust in the role of mangroves in mitigating the impacts of CC on sea turtles, and domestic tourists who believed effects of mangrove restoration in reducing the future vulnerability of urban expansion, were willing to pay more for the proposed mangrove restoration fund. Based on tourists’ preferences and WTP for mangrove protection, our results support the establishment of an environmental protection fund from the collection of tourists’ entrance fees using a dual pricing strategy, and the use of the funds for planting mangroves, patrolling mangrove areas to prevent illegal activities, and promoting nature-based tourism activities. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 19-32 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2065364 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2065364 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:1:p:19-32 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_2062455_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Tim Sunderland Author-X-Name-First: Tim Author-X-Name-Last: Sunderland Author-Name: Dan Marsh Author-X-Name-First: Dan Author-X-Name-Last: Marsh Author-Name: Jane Lusardi Author-X-Name-First: Jane Author-X-Name-Last: Lusardi Author-Name: Cat Hudson Author-X-Name-First: Cat Author-X-Name-Last: Hudson Author-Name: Ruth Waters Author-X-Name-First: Ruth Author-X-Name-Last: Waters Title: Meeting decision support requirements through natural capital accounts: a case study in England’s National Nature Reserves Abstract: Natural Capital Accounts extend traditional balance sheets to include valuation of non-market environmental benefits and asset values. They aim to bring the often-overlooked value of nature into decision-making, thus providing an effective decision-support tool. We compare Natural Capital Accounts to UK decision-support guidance, which leads us to three innovations that we apply to a case study of the National Nature Reserves in England. First, we use a reporting format, which explicitly reports gaps in quantification and valuation. Second, we provide ‘traffic-light’, confidence level information for our value results. Third, we report on the ecological state of assets and incorporate this evidence into the headline results. These innovations address common weaknesses whereby partial monetary values may mislead decision-makers and confidence levels are highly variable, yet often ignored. Information on the ecological state of assets is often only partial, non-systematic and not presented with the summary results. Producing this account required ecological and economic evidence to be treated as equally important. These three innovations produce an account that is transparent and provides a useful snapshot of the condition of natural capital assets. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 1-18 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2062455 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2062455 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:1:p:1-18 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_2085184_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Youmanli Ouoba Author-X-Name-First: Youmanli Author-X-Name-Last: Ouoba Title: Gold companies and local economic sustainability: the case of Kalsaka Mining SA in Burkina Faso Abstract: Gold mining is a major source of income and economic growth, but imposes substantial environmental and health burdens on local communities. Estimating the relative economic gains and health costs of mining for local communities is a key step towards ensuring better natural resource management and environmental justice, but remains methodologically challenging. The objective of this article is to analyse the contribution of Kalsaka Mining SA to local economic sustainability during the operating phase (2008–2013). A cost-benefit analysis is used in comparing Kalsaka Mining SA local investment and its environmental damage (health cost) during mine lifetime. The net price method is used to evaluate resources rent from Kalsaka mining site exploitation while human capital approach is considered in health damage estimation. The results indicate that rent invested in the local economy was relatively low compared to health cost, implying that Kalsaka Mining SA contribution was largely insufficient to put the local economy on sustainable path. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 79-95 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2085184 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2085184 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:1:p:79-95 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_2110163_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Essossinam Ali Author-X-Name-First: Essossinam Author-X-Name-Last: Ali Author-Name: Moukpè Gniniguè Author-X-Name-First: Moukpè Author-X-Name-Last: Gniniguè Author-Name: Nadege Essossolim Awade Author-X-Name-First: Nadege Essossolim Author-X-Name-Last: Awade Title: Sectoral value chains and environmental pollution in Africa: can development policies target digitalization and structural transformation to enhance environmental governance? Abstract: Enhancing the environmental governance in developing countries is now part of development plans in mitigating climate change effects on economies. This study analyses the effect of the sectoral value chains participation on environmental pollution and assesses whether digitalization and structural transformation can be used as key instruments in improving environmental quality in Africa. We use second-generation panel data for 40 African countries from 1990 to 2019. The results show that deepening the agriculture, industry and services sectors’ value chains participation increases the environmental pollution in Africa. We find that the U-inverted hypothesis between value chain participation and environmental pollution is verified in all considered sectors. This result implies that the environmental governance in Africa should consider the specificity of each sector of the economy. Moreover, digitalization and structural transformation enhance the environmental quality in sectoral value chain participation in Africa since they significantly reduce CO2 emissions. Fossil fuel energy consumption is a driver of CO2 emissions, while renewable energy consumption reduces environmental pollution in Africa. These findings have important policy implications in terms of the environmental governance in sectoral value chain participation for climate change mitigation in developing countries, including Africa. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 229-247 Issue: 2 Volume: 12 Year: 2023 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2110163 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2110163 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:2:p:229-247 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_2110162_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Andrew Abbott Author-X-Name-First: Andrew Author-X-Name-Last: Abbott Author-Name: Philip Jones Author-X-Name-First: Philip Author-X-Name-Last: Jones Title: The cyclicality of government environmental expenditure: political pressure in economic upturns and in recessions Abstract: This is the first paper to explore the determinants of the cyclicality of government environmental protection expenditures. Attention focuses on political pressures to increase expenditure on public-sector programmes. These pressures change systematically over the economic cycle. In economic upturns, voters experience ‘fiscal illusion’. Governments can exercise discretion to increase environmental expenditures. In recessions, voters are far more aware. Vote maximising governments divert expenditures away from the environment, toward programmes that deliver more private-good benefits. Predictions are tested with reference to 28 OECD countries’ expenditures between 1992 and 2012. The cyclicality of expenditures depends on government sensitivity to systematic changes in voter awareness. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 209-228 Issue: 2 Volume: 12 Year: 2023 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2110162 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2110162 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:2:p:209-228 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_2097960_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Victor von Loessl Author-X-Name-First: Victor Author-X-Name-Last: von Loessl Author-Name: Eva Weingärtner Author-X-Name-First: Eva Author-X-Name-Last: Weingärtner Author-Name: Sonja Zitzelsberger Author-X-Name-First: Sonja Author-X-Name-Last: Zitzelsberger Title: Do spatial climate messages increase pro-environmental engagement? Evidence from a survey experiment on public transport Abstract: Using a survey experiment among a special sample composed of art house cinema visitors, we investigate whether spatial climate messages increase subjects' willingness to pay for an inclusion of public transport fares in cinema tickets as well as their willingness to use public transport in case such a combined ticket is introduced. Based on previous findings, we expect emphasizing the positive impact of public transport usage on the local level to have a greater effect on subjects' preferences for public transport than a message that highlights the global consequences. Contrary to these expectations, our results show that the global treatment increases subjects' willingness to pay compared to the local treatment and the baseline. Both treatments increase subjects' willingness to use public transport. Conducting a sub-sample analysis, we find that also the local message increases the willingness to pay for a combined ticket among respondents who lack a financial interest as they already own a season ticket for public transport. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 168-187 Issue: 2 Volume: 12 Year: 2023 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2097960 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2097960 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:2:p:168-187 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_2089238_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Christian Schoder Author-X-Name-First: Christian Author-X-Name-Last: Schoder Title: Regime-dependent environmental tax multipliers: evidence from 75 countries Abstract: This paper reviews the main transmission channels of an environmental tax reform shifting the tax burden from labour to carbon emission. The analysis uses a simple open-economy macro model and estimates dynamic environmental tax as well as personal income tax multiplier effects on output and employment for a panel of 75 high- and low-income countries from 1994 to 2018. Tax policy changes are identified by cyclically adjusting the tax revenues. The estimated environmental tax multiplier effects on output range from 1 on impact to 1.8 at the peak. Personal income tax multipliers are slightly higher, ranging from 1.4 to 2.3. While income taxes reduce employment, environmental taxes do not. Environmental tax multipliers are highly regime dependent: they are close to zero or statistically insignificant unless taxes are increased when output contracts, fuel prices are high, the environmental tax levels are high, or the carbon intensity of output is low. Commodity trade-exposed countries face higher tax multipliers. This analysis concludes that, compared with income taxes, environmental taxes can be a less contractionary source of revenues to support the post-COVID-19 fiscal consolidation efforts, especially in countries that are at the beginning of their decarbonization efforts. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 124-167 Issue: 2 Volume: 12 Year: 2023 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2089238 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2089238 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:2:p:124-167 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_2087745_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Medhavi Sandhani Author-X-Name-First: Medhavi Author-X-Name-Last: Sandhani Author-Name: Anubhab Pattanayak Author-X-Name-First: Anubhab Author-X-Name-Last: Pattanayak Author-Name: K. S. Kavi Kumar Author-X-Name-First: K. S. Author-X-Name-Last: Kavi Kumar Title: Weather shocks and economic growth in India Abstract: This study examines the effects of weather shocks on the economic growth in the Indian context. By using state and district level data on weather variables (viz., temperature and rainfall) and growth rate of per-capita real GDP, the study evaluates the short-run as well as medium-run effects of changing weather on the growth. We use a fixed-effects model on state- and district-panel data sets spanning across several decades. The results based on the state-level analysis are suggestive of negative effects of the increasing temperature on the growth during 1980–2019. These aggregate results are further reinforced by the results from the district-level analysis. We find that higher temperatures have a significant negative impact on poorer districts, with a 1°C increase in temperature leading to a nearly 4.7% fall in the growth rate of district per-capita income. Moreover, higher temperatures not only have level effects but also have growth effects, especially for richer districts. Further, to propound tangible climate adaptation policy discussion, we use some developmental characteristics like credit access, electrification, urbanisation, and improved roads and market network in our analysis. The results suggest that such developmental characteristics may play a significant role in mitigating the negative impacts of climate change. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 97-123 Issue: 2 Volume: 12 Year: 2023 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2087745 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2087745 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:2:p:97-123 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_2108509_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Patrik T. Hultberg Author-X-Name-First: Patrik T. Author-X-Name-Last: Hultberg Author-Name: Darshana Udayanganie Author-X-Name-First: Darshana Author-X-Name-Last: Udayanganie Title: Optimal environmental and trade policy combination in the presence of transboundary pollution and other market distortions Abstract: Adopting optimal environmental regulation in an open economy characterized by market distortions, policy constraints and transboundary pollution, is challenging. Absent first-best international agreements, coordinated environmental taxes and trade policies are derived in the presence of internal and external market failures. Existing theoretical models are extended by allowing for the possibility of transboundary pollution for small and large nations. For large nations, combining a Pigouvian tax with free trade is not optimal, and in certain circumstances import ‘carbon’ tariffs are recommended. In addition, if constrained from addressing market distortions optimally, available policy instruments should be adjusted to tackle unaddressed market distortions. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 188-208 Issue: 2 Volume: 12 Year: 2023 Month: 04 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2108509 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2108509 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:2:p:188-208 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_2114549_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: David C. Cook Author-X-Name-First: David C. Author-X-Name-Last: Cook Author-Name: Rob W. Fraser Author-X-Name-First: Rob W. Author-X-Name-Last: Fraser Author-Name: Janet Haddock-Fraser Author-X-Name-First: Janet Author-X-Name-Last: Haddock-Fraser Title: An ecosystem services penalty system for evaluating international trade proposals Abstract: The World Trade Organization is not explicitly in the business of environmental protection, but through recent initiatives it has sought to better understand the complex relationship between trade and the environment and its role in promoting sustainable trade growth. In line with these initiatives, this paper discusses ways it might explicitly consider ecosystem services impacts when ruling on trade disputes so as to internalise ecosystem services externalities. We propose a change to existing methods of settling trade disputes to include a comparison between the traditional gains from trade and the multilateral change in ecosystem services associated with trade by incorporating a penalty system into the dispute resolution process. If this comparison assesses damages to ecosystem services to exceed the gains from trade then the penalty system suggests trade should not be allowed to take place. This penalty system in turn can create an incentive for exporting countries to reduce their impacts on ecosystem services to facilitate trade. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 249-259 Issue: 3 Volume: 12 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2114549 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2114549 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:3:p:249-259 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_2142302_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ángeles Cámara Author-X-Name-First: Ángeles Author-X-Name-Last: Cámara Author-Name: Miguel Á. Martínez-García Author-X-Name-First: Miguel Á. Author-X-Name-Last: Martínez-García Title: Evolution of greenhouse gas emissions of Spanish households according to their income Abstract: In this paper, an input–output model is carried out to quantify and compare the environmental impact caused by the consumption of Spanish households, differentiated by income levels. Our work focuses on emissions due to consumption by Spanish households and their variations over the decade 2005–2015. This period has been chosen because two important factors converge: during this decade there was a global economic crisis that affected consumer behaviour, and also during this decade measures were implemented to promote renewable energies and improve energy efficiency. An input–output model is used, differentiating households by income level, extended with Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions data. It is observed that the highest income households have reduced the least GHG emissions associated with their consumption in the period 2005–2010; in contrast, they have reduced them the most in the period 2010–2015. The results obtained allow us to analyse how the GHG emissions of the different sectors of the Spanish economy have varied, highlighting in the period 2005–2010 the fall in emissions in the Mining and quarrying and Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply sectors; while in the period 2010–2015 the largest falls in emissions occurred in the Mining and quarrying and Construction sectors. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 363-378 Issue: 3 Volume: 12 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2142302 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2142302 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:3:p:363-378 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_2125912_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Tara Vanli Author-X-Name-First: Tara Author-X-Name-Last: Vanli Title: Optimal governance for economic growth and environment: evidence from the United Kingdom Abstract: It has now been more significant than ever to understand the consequences of environmental policies given the unsustainability of enduring environmental challenges. This study aims to examine the nexus between economic growth, industrialisation and the environment in the United Kingdom, using time series data for the period 1948–2018. Gross Domestic Per Capita (GDPC) is used as a proxy for economic growth, energy consumption as measures for industrialisation and carbon dioxide emissions (Co2) or environmental pollution to test if the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) holds for the UK. Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and vector error correction model (VECM) have been employed to investigate the long-run and short-run causal relationships among variables, respectively. The paper concludes that the EKC hypothesis holds for the UK as the long-run relationship between CO2 emissions and GDPC is found. Further, energy consumption and imports of goods are found to have insignificant effects on the environment in both the short-run and long-run. The paper further concludes that environmental policies such as limiting energy consumption and controlling carbon emissions have no unfavourable effect on the real output growth in the UK. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 260-284 Issue: 3 Volume: 12 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2125912 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2125912 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:3:p:260-284 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_2142301_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Tanga M. Mohr Author-X-Name-First: Tanga M. Author-X-Name-Last: Mohr Author-Name: Peter A. Groothuis Author-X-Name-First: Peter A. Author-X-Name-Last: Groothuis Author-Name: John C. Whitehead Author-X-Name-First: John C. Author-X-Name-Last: Whitehead Author-Name: Kristan Cockerill Author-X-Name-First: Kristan Author-X-Name-Last: Cockerill Author-Name: William P. Anderson Author-X-Name-First: William P. Author-X-Name-Last: Anderson Author-Name: Chuanhui Gu Author-X-Name-First: Chuanhui Author-X-Name-Last: Gu Title: Discrete and continuous measures of consequentiality Abstract: A respondent finds a survey consequential if they believe their answer could influence the policy being addressed in the survey and if they believe that they will have to pay for the policy if implemented. Given these criteria, the literature has followed two paths to analyse consequentiality. The first uses a discrete method that separates respondents into consequential and inconsequential groups. The second interprets beliefs about consequentiality as continuous. We compare these approaches to identify their strengths and weaknesses. Using the discrete approach, we classify respondents into groups based on whether their responses satisfy various consequentiality criteria. We find that respondents in the inconsequential group have a willingness to pay that is insignificantly different from zero. For those in the consequential group, willingness to pay is positive and depends on the scope of the project. Treating consequentiality as continuous and using the hybrid choice model, we find that individuals who believe their responses will influence policy, policy consequentiality, and those who are concerned about the amenity are more likely to be in favour of the policy. Lastly, income is positively related to payment consequentiality. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 342-362 Issue: 3 Volume: 12 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2142301 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2142301 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:3:p:342-362 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_2134218_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: César Augusto Ruiz-Agudelo Author-X-Name-First: César Augusto Author-X-Name-Last: Ruiz-Agudelo Author-Name: Andrés Suarez Author-X-Name-First: Andrés Author-X-Name-Last: Suarez Author-Name: Francisco de Paula Gutiérrez-Bonilla Author-X-Name-First: Francisco de Paula Author-X-Name-Last: Gutiérrez-Bonilla Author-Name: Angela María Cortes-Gómez Author-X-Name-First: Angela María Author-X-Name-Last: Cortes-Gómez Title: The economic valuation of ecosystem services in Colombia. Challenges, gaps and future pathways Abstract: This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of the economic values for ecosystem services (ESs) in Colombia. Were analyzed 154 studies that estimated economic values for 21 ESs in 18 general ecosystems. In total, 502 values were coded and classified according to the Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services – CICES. Despite being a technique that is not based on primary economic valuation information, Benefits transfer was the most common method used to estimate the value of ESs in Colombia, followed by market prices and contingent valuation. Opportunities for recreation and tourism, climate regulation, habitat conservation, and water have been the most valued ESs. Many important ESs remain unnoticed and are not adequately accounted (e.g. pollination). Additionally, 53% of the information available on the economic values of ESs is concentrated in only 5 of the 32 Colombian departments. Finally, this review highlights the multiple challenges of Colombian academics and practitioners to improve the economic valuation practice and complement and recognize the multiple social relationships and the multiple views in terms of the values nature has. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 285-304 Issue: 3 Volume: 12 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2134218 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2134218 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:3:p:285-304 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_2136765_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Robert Fonner Author-X-Name-First: Robert Author-X-Name-Last: Fonner Author-Name: Germán Izón Author-X-Name-First: Germán Author-X-Name-Last: Izón Author-Name: Blake E. Feist Author-X-Name-First: Blake E. Author-X-Name-Last: Feist Author-Name: Katie Barnas Author-X-Name-First: Katie Author-X-Name-Last: Barnas Title: Capitalization of reduced flood risk into housing values following a floodplain restoration investment Abstract: Vast resources are allocated across the US and elsewhere for flood control in floodplains. Increasingly, these efforts involve restoring the function of natural floodplains to attenuate flood risk and provide a range of other ecosystem services. We investigated the capitalization of reduced flood risk from floodplain restoration into housing values in the city of Orting, Washington, USA. Our identification strategy exploits the occurrence of a major high-flow event directly following project construction, which demonstrated the ability of the widened floodplains to attenuate flooding. The prices of homes located within established 100-year or 500-year floodplains were discounted by 3%. Reduced flood risk associated with the floodplain restoration led to a 5% increase in the prices of homes in the 500-year floodplain on average. No evidence of reduced flood risk capitalization was found for homes the 100-year floodplain, where flood insurance rate maps and mandatory insurance requirements remained unchanged across the study period. The results suggest that reduced flood risk associated with floodplain restoration can capitalize into homes outside of designated high-risk zones. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 305-323 Issue: 3 Volume: 12 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2136765 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2136765 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:3:p:305-323 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_2138980_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Stijn Bruers Author-X-Name-First: Stijn Author-X-Name-Last: Bruers Title: The animal welfare cost of meat: evidence from a survey of hypothetical scenarios among Belgian consumers Abstract: A survey in Belgium with hypothetical scenarios concerning willingness to pay to avoid the experiences of farm animals is used to estimate the animal welfare costs of meat production. Most participants indicate that farm animals have lives not worth living. The median estimate of the animal welfare cost of chicken meat is 10 euro/kg, whereas its mean estimate is several orders of magnitude higher. The animal welfare costs of meat are likely much larger than the consumer utility of meat consumption, the consumer willingness to pay for higher animal welfare meat and the climate/environmental costs of meat. A demand shift from beef to chicken meat due to misaligned consumer concerns for animal welfare or a carbon tax on meat, could possibly increase animal welfare costs and decrease the non-anthropocentric social welfare function. Consumers could prioritize lowering chicken meat consumption and governments could implement a flat tax on meat. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 324-341 Issue: 3 Volume: 12 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2138980 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2138980 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:3:p:324-341 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_2166129_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Thijs Endendijk Author-X-Name-First: Thijs Author-X-Name-Last: Endendijk Author-Name: W. J. Wouter Botzen Author-X-Name-First: W. J. Wouter Author-X-Name-Last: Botzen Title: A default nudge in waste management: assessing the impact of explicit consent for unaddressed mail Abstract: On 1 January 2018, the municipality of Amsterdam changed the system for the reception of unaddressed mail from presumed consent to explicit consent to reduce paper waste. This policy can be defined as a default nudge. The no-choice population received unaddressed mail in the presumed consent system but not in the new explicit consent system. Residents receive unaddressed mail only when they actively decide to put an opt-in sticker on their mailbox. This study assesses the effectiveness and social benefits of this nudge. The effect on paper waste is estimated using a difference-in-differences approach in which several other Dutch municipalities function as the control group. Our main finding is that the default nudge results in a reduction of paper waste between 5.3% and 11%. Social benefits of this reduction include, for example, lower carbon emissions for collection and transport for paper waste, which are equivalent to yearly benefits between approximately €135,000 and €285,000 in Amsterdam. If all Dutch municipalities implement the system of explicit consent for unaddressed mail, the yearly benefits are approximately between €14 million and €30 million. The default nudge is a low-cost policy to implement and, therefore, offers municipal policymakers a cost-effective way to reduce waste. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 473-489 Issue: 4 Volume: 12 Year: 2023 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2023.2166129 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2023.2166129 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:4:p:473-489 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_2182368_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Kaushali Dave Author-X-Name-First: Kaushali Author-X-Name-Last: Dave Author-Name: Jeremy Toner Author-X-Name-First: Jeremy Author-X-Name-Last: Toner Author-Name: Haibo Chen Author-X-Name-First: Haibo Author-X-Name-Last: Chen Title: Accounting for respondent’s preference uncertainty in choice experiments Abstract: Preference uncertainty is an important aspect affecting respondents’ choices and attribute valuation. However, elicitation of preference uncertainty and its modelling is strongly restricted within choice experiments. This paper applies modelling techniques to account for the preference uncertainty data to evaluate road traffic noise. The paper argues that modelling the preference uncertainty data to examine the error structure can shed significant light on the potential causes of preference uncertainty. The results also reveal that accounting for preference uncertainty data within modelling can have important implications for the valuation exercise. It is found that the nested logit model can examine significant correlation between similar preference certainty levels arising from choice-set characteristics while the error components logit model can be used to examine the effect of inherent respondent uncertainty and stochastic factors on preference uncertainty. The paper therefore recommends treating and accounting for preference uncertainty within choice experiments and thereby examine its impact on any subsequent valuations. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 508-523 Issue: 4 Volume: 12 Year: 2023 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2023.2182368 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2023.2182368 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:4:p:508-523 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_2153744_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Salomé Bessa Author-X-Name-First: Salomé Author-X-Name-Last: Bessa Author-Name: João Pedro Gouveia Author-X-Name-First: João Pedro Author-X-Name-Last: Gouveia Title: A framework for policy mix analysis: assessing energy poverty policies Abstract: Under the topics of climate change and sustainable transitions, the importance of policy mix understanding and energy poverty is simultaneously discussed. Both concepts do not have universal definitions, and literature focuses on building the different fragments of each one to design new ways to understand, analyze and develop policies. Energy poverty is complex and has a multitude of drivers, such as income, energy prices, and buildings/energy efficiency are examples of how different policies are required to erase this problem. Understanding how those policies work together and should be evaluated challenges new perspectives between different fields. Framed in this subject matter, and after an overview of its state of the art, a flexible and systemic framework for policy mix analysis is proposed considering five steps: definition of objectives, instrument selection, single instrument analysis, instruments interaction analysis, and evaluation. The major contribution of the proposed framework is a clear yet adaptable criterion for instruments interaction analysis. Energy poverty literature is reviewed in the optic of how policy mix can help develop and analyze policies for its erasing, and specific criteria for its instruments analysis are suggested. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 438-454 Issue: 4 Volume: 12 Year: 2023 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2153744 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2153744 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:4:p:438-454 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_2171494_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Zhuanlin Wang Author-X-Name-First: Zhuanlin Author-X-Name-Last: Wang Author-Name: Mehdi Nemati Author-X-Name-First: Mehdi Author-X-Name-Last: Nemati Author-Name: Jinxia Wang Author-X-Name-First: Jinxia Author-X-Name-Last: Wang Author-Name: Ariel Dinar Author-X-Name-First: Ariel Author-X-Name-Last: Dinar Title: Does farm size matter for participation in a land fallowing policy? Evidence from China Abstract: Land fallowing policy reduces the negative resource-use externalities, including water resources. Previous studies of land fallowing policies identified different factors that explain the willingness of farmers to participate in these programmes. However, less attention was placed on farm size as an important explanatory variable. We develop a theoretical model to explain the role of farm size in decisions to participate in land fallowing programmes. We then apply the theory to the Seasonal Land Fallowing Policy (SLFP), enacted to reduce agricultural groundwater use by fallowing the cultivated land of winter wheat in Hebei Province, China. Both small- and large-scale farmers participate in the programme. Using survey data, we examined whether farm size matters in decisions to participate as part of a set of variables, including farm and farmer characteristics and government requirements. Our results indicate that farm size significantly affects participation in the programme— the larger the farm, the more likely it will participate. The results are robust to various specifications. We also find that government requirements largely impact the decisions of small-scale farmers to participate. The findings have important implications for policy formulation and distinction among small- and large- scale farms. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 490-507 Issue: 4 Volume: 12 Year: 2023 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2023.2171494 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2023.2171494 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:4:p:490-507 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_2146757_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Peter King Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: King Title: Willingness-to-pay for precautionary control of microplastics, a comparison of hybrid choice models Abstract: What are people willing to pay to reduce the uncertainty about the effects of microplastics? We examine this question in two ways. Firstly, using two contingent valuation questions, we elicit willingness to pay (WTP) to (a) reduce uncertainty about the potential adverse consequences of microplastic pollution, and (b) to reduce the release of microplastics to the marine environment. WTP was elicited from a representative sample of UK adults in 2020. Comparing WTP for these two scenarios suggests that respondents prefer resolving irreversibility over resolving uncertainty. Secondly, we use a hybrid choice model to show that latent precautionary attitudes exert a strong positive effect on WTP. Overall, respondents indicated a preference for resolving the uncertainty about microplastics by implementing abatement measures immediately. Given that policymakers are increasingly concerned about the potential for adverse environmental and health effects of microplastics in the marine environment, this paper suggests that the precautionary principle has strong support at the respondent level. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 379-402 Issue: 4 Volume: 12 Year: 2023 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2146757 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2146757 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:4:p:379-402 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_2186954_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Malte Welling Author-X-Name-First: Malte Author-X-Name-Last: Welling Author-Name: Alexandra Dehnhardt Author-X-Name-First: Alexandra Author-X-Name-Last: Dehnhardt Author-Name: Sophie-Marie Aß Author-X-Name-First: Sophie-Marie Author-X-Name-Last: Aß Title: Does validity matter for policymakers? Evidence from choice experiments on urban green Abstract: Stated preference methods such as choice experiments are frequently used for the valuation of environmental goods. Studies suggest that the impact of valuation results on policymaking is rare. How the validity of stated preference results is perceived by policymakers may be a neglected barrier to use in policymaking. The study investigates (1) how valuation results are used by policymakers, (2) how policymakers perceive their validity, and (3) how these perceptions matter for the use of the results. We conduct choice experiments on urban green, directly involving local policymakers in the process. The policymakers, who were interviewed later, report frequent informative use of the results. Although concerns regarding validity exist, they are not a major barrier for informative use but maybe for decisive use. Our findings provide new insights on the use of valuation results by policymakers, as our study is the first to focus on stated preference results and on the role of perceived validity and enables an in-depth analysis by interviewing policymakers involved in a transdisciplinary process. We derive recommendations for researchers on how to design and communicate stated preference studies to increase their use in environmental policy-making. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 524-538 Issue: 4 Volume: 12 Year: 2023 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2023.2186954 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2023.2186954 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:4:p:524-538 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_2160830_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Kwami Adanu Author-X-Name-First: Kwami Author-X-Name-Last: Adanu Author-Name: Samuel Adams Author-X-Name-First: Samuel Author-X-Name-Last: Adams Title: Carbon-dioxide emissions management in Sub-Saharan Africa – the irrelevance of natural resource rent as a corrective policy tool Abstract: This paper revisits the role of natural resource rent in explaining and regulating CO2 emissions in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Three variants of CO2 emissions are considered: territorial CO2 emissions, consumption-based CO2 emissions, and CO2 emission intensity. Panel-corrected standard error and panel autoregressive distributed lag estimation methods were applied. Results show that natural resource rent has a positive effect on consumption-based CO2 emissions, and a negative effect on CO2 emission intensity, but has no effect on territorial CO2 emissions. The results show that while high resource rent in SSA appears to finance consumption of pollution-laden imported goods, it worsens neither territorial CO2 emissions nor CO2 emission intensity. Given that importation of dirty goods is an economic system failure which is not imputable to resource rent, it is safe to conclude that, resource rent does not contribute to rising CO2 emissions in SSA.This paper examined the role of natural resource rent in explaining three variants of CO2 emissions; territorial CO2 emissions, consumption-based CO2 emissions, and CO2 emission intensity.Resource rent has a positive effect on consumption-based CO2 emissions, and a negative effect on CO2 emission intensity, but has no effect on territorial CO2 emissions.While high resource rent in SSA appears to finance consumption of pollution-laden goods, it worsens neither territorial CO2 emissions nor CO2 emission intensity.The relationship between resource rent and the three measures of CO2 emissions suggests that resource rent may not be an important contributor to rising CO2 emissions in SSA. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 455-472 Issue: 4 Volume: 12 Year: 2023 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2160830 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2160830 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:4:p:455-472 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_2149628_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Galina Williams Author-X-Name-First: Galina Author-X-Name-Last: Williams Title: The temporal stability of WTP estimates for the emissions reduction using the contingent valuation survey in Queensland, Australia Abstract: The temporal stability of willingness to pay (WTP) estimates, from contingent valuation method (CVM) surveys, is required for reliable benefit transfer. While there have been numerous tests of the temporal stability of WTP estimates over a short time period, the evidence of the stability of WTP estimates over a long time period is limited. In this study, the temporal stability of WTP estimates for the emissions reduction over a ten-year period in Queensland, Australia is assessed. The first survey was conducted in 2009 at the end of the global financial and economic crises. The second survey was conducted in 2018 when the economic background changed significantly. The paper is focused on two main questions: (1) whether WTP is stable over a long time period under the changes in the background economic conditions and (2) if WTP is not stable, whether it is due to changes in socio-economic characteristics or underlying preferences. The results indicate that CVM estimates of WTP for emission reduction are stable over a ten-year period even after changes in underlying socio-economic conditions. However, care should be taken when transferring the estimates under the changes in the business cycle due to possible changes in WTP distribution. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 403-417 Issue: 4 Volume: 12 Year: 2023 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2149628 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2149628 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:4:p:403-417 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_2152874_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: César Augusto Ruiz-Agudelo Author-X-Name-First: César Augusto Author-X-Name-Last: Ruiz-Agudelo Author-Name: Francisco de Paula Gutiérrez-Bonilla Author-X-Name-First: Francisco de Paula Author-X-Name-Last: Gutiérrez-Bonilla Author-Name: Angela María Cortes-Gómez Author-X-Name-First: Angela María Author-X-Name-Last: Cortes-Gómez Title: The natural capital of the Colombian Orinoco River basin. intact ecosystems with high rates of anthropogenic change Abstract: The Orinoco basin is one of the most important hydrologic systems in South America. The Colombian Orinoco basin occupies an area of approx. thirty-four million hectares, located in the country's east. The literature about the economic valuation of ecosystem services (ES) and the spatial information on natural resources in the Colombian Orinoco basin was revised through various information sources to document the earliest approximation to the state, spatial distribution, and economic value of the natural capital at the scale of biomes, specific ecosystems, and political-administrative units. Our assessment estimated a natural capital loss of 200 billion Int.$2020/year (74% of Colombian GDP in 2020) and a remnant natural capital worth 296 billion Int.$2020/year (more than 100% of Colombia's GDP in 2020) for twelve ecosystem services. This research proves that a potential expansion in livestock production systems will generate an additional loss of natural capital of approximately 282 billion Int.$2020/year. Additionally, we include an analysis based on the GLOBIO4 initiative models, identifying future natural capital losses between 4.8 and 33 billion Int.$2020/year. Lastly, the policy challenges and gaps in research and management concerning this remaining natural capital in the Colombian Orinoco basin are pointed out. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 418-437 Issue: 4 Volume: 12 Year: 2023 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2152874 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2152874 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:4:p:418-437 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_2217150_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Takumi Haibara Author-X-Name-First: Takumi Author-X-Name-Last: Haibara Title: Carrots and sticks in trade and climate policies Abstract: Tariffs or consumption tax hikes used in isolation engender consumption-based emission spillovers. A combination of these two instruments, if well designed, can offset these spillovers and would result in a zero-sum or win-win welfare outcome. The approach suggested here either strengthens deterrence against free-riders via stricter tariff sanctions or promotes climate cooperation via trade liberalization. The choice of trade and climate policy instruments depends, inter alia, on the relative strength of Home versus Foreign price responsiveness of demand. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 83-92 Issue: 1 Volume: 13 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2023.2217150 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2023.2217150 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:13:y:2024:i:1:p:83-92 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_2195684_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Segun Thompson Bolarinwa Author-X-Name-First: Segun Thompson Author-X-Name-Last: Bolarinwa Author-Name: Munacinga Simatele Author-X-Name-First: Munacinga Author-X-Name-Last: Simatele Title: Informality and the climate change-poverty nexus: empirical evidence from African countries Abstract: The present paper introduces informality into the climate change-poverty nexus using 40 Sub-Saharan African countries selected from high-, middle and low-income countries between 1990 and 2019. The empirical results show that informality is an important variable that can mitigate the impact of climate change on poverty. The moderation of the poverty-climate change nexus is nonlinear in income. Informality reduces the negative effect of climate change on poverty in middle income countries while exacerbating its effect in low-income countries. Possible channels of influence are identified. Policy makers need to rethink the role of informality in an environment where informality is mainly seen as a nuisance, to see it as an ally that can achieve key results for the fight against environmental degradation and extreme poverty. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 1-16 Issue: 1 Volume: 13 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2023.2195684 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2023.2195684 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:13:y:2024:i:1:p:1-16 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_2207535_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Dana Wright Author-X-Name-First: Dana Author-X-Name-Last: Wright Author-Name: Yajie Liu Author-X-Name-First: Yajie Author-X-Name-Last: Liu Title: Assessing the impact of environmental variability on harvest in a heterogeneous fishery: a case study of the Canadian lobster fishery Abstract: Global fisheries face significant challenges in the coming years due to climate change. Understanding and anticipating the impacts of climate change is a necessity for implementing appropriate fisheries management. This study uses a panel dataset of individual fishing vessels to examine how variation in ocean temperature affects fish harvest. Using the American lobster (Homarus americanus) fishery in the Maritimes region of Canada as a case study, this paper employs a generalised linear mixed model (GLMM) taking into account heterogeneity amongst fishers, gear, vessels, and fishing areas. The GLMM is found to have better performance and estimations when compared against alternative specifications. As expected, a significant and positive relationship was found, further contributing to the existing evidence of warming impacts on the lobster fishery. The implications of this study are twofold: first, it provides further evidence that environmental change does have a significant positive impact on harvest. This information should be considered by fishing industry and fisheries authorities when implementing appropriate adaptive management strategies and measures in their decision making. Second, it illustrates that allowing for mixed-effects using GLMMs is a valuable empirical tool when dealing with hierarchical data structures. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 55-69 Issue: 1 Volume: 13 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2023.2207535 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2023.2207535 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:13:y:2024:i:1:p:55-69 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_2197626_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Arooj Khan Author-X-Name-First: Arooj Author-X-Name-Last: Khan Author-Name: Alvina Sabah Idrees Author-X-Name-First: Alvina Sabah Author-X-Name-Last: Idrees Title: Environmental impact of multidimensional eco-innovation adoption: an empirical evidence from European Union Abstract: Establishing pathways to mitigate environmental degradation is a global concern which also gets reflected in 2030 Agenda of SDGs. Countries can promote sustainable economic development through eco-innovation. This study empirically examines the impact of eco-innovation on greenhouse gas emissions. The Driscoll-Kraay and PCSE estimation techniques are applied on European Union countries by covering a period from 2012 to 2019. The results found that environmental taxes and all dimensions of eco-innovation i.e. activities, output, resource efficiency, and socio-economic outcome significantly contributes towards reducing greenhouse gas emissions except the eco-innovation input. The socio-economic outcome is the most effective dimension of eco-innovation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions followed by the output and activity. The resource efficiency outcome is also significant in reducing environmental degradation, but its impact is the smallest. Energy consumption and economic growth has a significant positive and negative effect, respectively. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 17-33 Issue: 1 Volume: 13 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2023.2197626 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2023.2197626 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:13:y:2024:i:1:p:17-33 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_2221206_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Christos Tsirimokos Author-X-Name-First: Christos Author-X-Name-Last: Tsirimokos Title: Applying the hypothetical extraction method to investigate the interindustry greenhouse gas emissions linkages in the Greek economy Abstract: This paper examines the interindustry greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions linkages within the Greek economy for the year 2018, using a symmetric I-O table and air emissions accounts data. The GHG linkages among industries are analyzed both from a demand and supply perspective by applying an environmental modification of the Dietzenbacher and van der Linden’s Hypothetical Extraction Method (1997), as introduced and discussed in Tsirimokos (2022). The findings reveal that: (i) the ‘Electricity, gas, steam, and air conditioning supply’ industry exhibits the highest total absolute backward and forward linkages; (ii) the ‘Real estate activities’ industry demonstrates the highest relative backward and forward linkages; (iii) industries with low (high) relative linkages generally, exhibit high (low) internal linkages; and (iv) the ‘Electricity, gas, steam, and air conditioning supply’ and ‘Transportation and storage’ industries are the primary GHG emissions contributors within the Greek economy. These empirical results can inform the development of effective environmental policies, supporting Greece in achieving its climate action plan objectives. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 93-109 Issue: 1 Volume: 13 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2023.2221206 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2023.2221206 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:13:y:2024:i:1:p:93-109 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_2212367_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Zaheer Abbas Author-X-Name-First: Zaheer Author-X-Name-Last: Abbas Author-Name: Umer Javeid Author-X-Name-First: Umer Author-X-Name-Last: Javeid Author-Name: Stephen Pratt Author-X-Name-First: Stephen Author-X-Name-Last: Pratt Title: Exploring the energy intensity – per capita income nexus: evidence from middle-income and high-Income countries Abstract: Assessing changes in energy intensity has become increasingly important in recent years as economies strive toward greater environmental awareness and conservation while, at the same time, improving residents’ standard of living, through economic growth. This study explores the relationship between energy intensity and real per-capita income across the period 1981–2015 for 60 countries. We divide the sample into two segments: middle-income and high-income countries to better explore this relationship. The analysis uses a spline functional form which allows for greater flexibility to detect non-linear relationships. The results for middle-income countries show three distinct threshold levels of per capita income at which the direction of the relationship between energy intensity with per capita income changes. This suggests changes in energy intensity in middle-income countries occur due to changes in demand, fuel substitution and technological progress. The results with respect to the high-income countries do not indicate a threshold level with respect to their current level of income. This may be indicative that these countries have already passed their turning point prior to 1990 and are progressively reducing their energy intensity. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 70-82 Issue: 1 Volume: 13 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2023.2212367 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2023.2212367 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:13:y:2024:i:1:p:70-82 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_2223182_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Jens Abildtrup Author-X-Name-First: Jens Author-X-Name-Last: Abildtrup Author-Name: Jette Bredahl Jacobsen Author-X-Name-First: Jette Bredahl Author-X-Name-Last: Jacobsen Author-Name: Suzanne Elizabeth Vedel Author-X-Name-First: Suzanne Elizabeth Author-X-Name-Last: Vedel Author-Name: Udo Mantau Author-X-Name-First: Udo Author-X-Name-Last: Mantau Author-Name: Robert Mavsar Author-X-Name-First: Robert Author-X-Name-Last: Mavsar Author-Name: Davide Pettenella Author-X-Name-First: Davide Author-X-Name-Last: Pettenella Author-Name: Irina Prokofieva Author-X-Name-First: Irina Author-X-Name-Last: Prokofieva Author-Name: Florian Schubert Author-X-Name-First: Florian Author-X-Name-Last: Schubert Author-Name: Anne Stenger Author-X-Name-First: Anne Author-X-Name-Last: Stenger Author-Name: Elsa Varela Author-X-Name-First: Elsa Author-X-Name-Last: Varela Author-Name: Enrico Vidale Author-X-Name-First: Enrico Author-X-Name-Last: Vidale Author-Name: Bo Jellesmark Thorsen Author-X-Name-First: Bo Jellesmark Author-X-Name-Last: Thorsen Title: Preferences for climate change policies: the role of co-benefits Abstract: Policies mitigating climate change provide a global public good but are also likely to imply local co-benefits where implemented. This may affect citizens’ preferences for what policy to implement as well as where to implement it. This aspect remains understudied despite its relevance for international climate negotiations, national policies, and the development of voluntary carbon credit markets. The results of a discrete choice experiment show that citizens in five countries (Denmark, France, Germany, Italy and Spain) have quite similar mean willingness to pay for carbon emission reductions and agree on the ranking of policies targeting different sectors. Specifically, policies targeting renewable energy use, are preferred over policies targeting industrial energy efficiency or carbon sequestration and biomass production in forests. Applying follow-up questions shows that concerns over co-benefits, notably air pollution, is linked to preferences for implementation in the home country. In the absence of co-benefits, citizens are indifferent or prefer policies implemented in other countries.Key policy highlightsCitizens in five European countries share preferences for climate change mitigation policies, though significant intra-national heterogeneity in preferences existPolicies targeting increased use of renewables are preferred over policies targeting improved energy efficiency in the industry.Citizens express preferences for policies implemented in their own country. This is associated with their perception of co-benefits. In particular, consideration of reduced air pollution as a side effect of investing in renewable energy and in energy efficiency in the industry are important determinants of preferences for national implementation of policies.Preferences for national co-benefits may both enhance policy acceptance and reduce willingness to support policies implemented in other countries. The latter aspect may reduce cost-effectiveness across countries but ease effort-sharing negotiations. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 110-128 Issue: 1 Volume: 13 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2023.2223182 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2023.2223182 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:13:y:2024:i:1:p:110-128 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TEEP_A_2206583_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: R. Kaj Gittings Author-X-Name-First: R. Kaj Author-X-Name-Last: Gittings Author-Name: Travis Roach Author-X-Name-First: Travis Author-X-Name-Last: Roach Title: Labor reallocation and the regional greenhouse gas initiative Abstract: Policies intended to reduce the amount of greenhouse gas emissions are among the most hotly debated policy problems of our time. Among the concerns raised are that costs will be passed on to consumers and jobs will be lost. We use the introduction and eventual tightening of the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), a regional carbon permit system in the Northeastern United States, to measure labor market responses and dynamics following the implementation of a carbon pricing system. We find that implementation of the RGGI and the subsequent tightening of the emissions cap has had no effect on employment or earnings in the utilities sector but increased the rate at which workers flow in and out of jobs. In particular, within the utilities sector, we observe some job destruction and worker separation combined with increased labor reallocation across establishments. This is complemented with small spillover effects yielding positive increases in hiring, worker reallocation and job creation in industries outside of utilities. Furthermore, when we account for the endogeneity of electricity prices we find increased hiring, job creation and worker reallocation rates and a decline in job destruction rates across industries. Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy Pages: 34-54 Issue: 1 Volume: 13 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2023.2206583 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2023.2206583 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:13:y:2024:i:1:p:34-54