Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mary R. Brooks Author-X-Name-First: Mary R. Author-X-Name-Last: Brooks Title: Performance evaluation by North American carriers Abstract: Performance evaluation in the US transport system is well underway according to the trade press; its use by Canadian firms is less well known. This paper will report some of the preliminary findings of the second phase of a three phase research study now under way to examine the assessment of carrier performance by users and suppliers of North American transportation services. Phase I examined the approaches of cargo suppliers (manufacturers) to the evaluation of their transport suppliers' performance to understand the business practices taking place. The results of this activity were reported in Transport Reviews, 18(1). Detailed case studies of user companies is the part of phase I that remains to be completed. Phase II will examine similar elements from the viewpoints of carriers and logistics service firms. This paper focuses on the preliminary findings of the carrier component of phase II and is intended to stimulate debate on the entire topic of buyer-seller relationships and the current realities of selling transport services. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 1-11 Issue: 1 Volume: 19 Year: 1999 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416499295646 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416499295646 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:19:y:1999:i:1:p:1-11 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tom Rye Author-X-Name-First: Tom Author-X-Name-Last: Rye Title: Employer transport plans-a case for regulation? Abstract: Employer transport plans (ETPs) are increasingly seen by transport planners as one of potential means to manage the demand for private transport. Such plans seek to reduce trips to work by car by providing, through individual employers, a targeted, integrated package of incentives and disincentives to influence commuters' choice of mode for travel to and from the workplace. This paper makes a critical assessment of the potential of ETPs to reduce trips by car to and from workplaces. Drawing on US, UK and Dutch experience, it argues that only a minority of employers will voluntarily implement ETPs because they will be seen by the majority as an unnecessary and potentially costly diversion from their normal business activities. It further argues that, for implementation to be widespread, regulation may be required, but that this could be unpopular and difficult to enforce. Instead it urges the adoption of an approach which uses fiscal measures to encourage organizations to adopt ETPs. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 13-31 Issue: 1 Volume: 19 Year: 1999 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416499295655 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416499295655 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:19:y:1999:i:1:p:13-31 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alfred J. Baird Author-X-Name-First: Alfred J. Author-X-Name-Last: Baird Title: A comparative study of the ferry industry in Japan and the UK Abstract: This study analyses key differences between the RoRo ferry industries in Japan and the UK. Data has been obtained from semi-structured interviews with ferry operators, port authorities, government officials and from secondary sources. The respective ferry industries are assessed on the basis of a range of criteria including routes and operators, traffic flows, vessels, ports, and modal competition. Whilst several differences are identified, a clear difference exists in terms of the orientation of ferry services: in the UK, ferry services are predominantly international, whereas in Japan, ferry services are predominantly domestic. Today, approximately one in every four trucks travelling over long distances in Japan is carried by ferry, and this notwithstanding the availability of a sophisticated expressway system. The UK and other countries with long coastlines and congested highways need to consider the benefits to be derived from an effective sea highway, as in Japan. Japan can also learn from the experience of the UK- Europe ferry network. Continued expansion of the network reflects increased trade as a result of the Single European Market, and the RoRo ferry is now arguably the most important transport mode for UK international trade. This is not the case in Japan, where links with nearby countries are rarely maintained by ferries. Hence, research is also required to establish the potential effectiveness of developing a network of fast RoRo ferry links between Japan and its near neighbours, particularly China, South Korea, Russia and Taiwan. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 33-55 Issue: 1 Volume: 19 Year: 1999 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416499295664 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416499295664 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:19:y:1999:i:1:p:33-55 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kiron Chatterjee Author-X-Name-First: Kiron Author-X-Name-Last: Chatterjee Title: Modelling the impacts of transport telematics: Current limitations and future developments Abstract: Pressure on transport networks from increased demand to travel combined with reducing investment in highway infrastructure is leading to significant interest in the use of transport telematics. Telematics systems are aimed at making the most of existing infrastructure through, for example, area traffic control, electronic tolling and traveller information. Although there are quite high levels of activity in the application and implementation of some systems, there remains a significant dearth of evidence of the impact these systems will have on behaviour and travel patterns. It is important that appropriate appraisal methodologies are available to assess the impact of new systems. Modelling is an appropriate method of appraisal as it enables system-wide impacts of individual responses to be predicted. This paper is concerned with the advances required in order that modelling techniques are available for this purpose. Modelling requirements are identified from reviews of technologies, behavioural responses and modelling procedures. Advice is given on both enhancements to existing modelling procedures and the structure of a modelling system that fully meets assessment needs. Recommendations are made on steps to be taken towards this. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 57-80 Issue: 1 Volume: 19 Year: 1999 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416499295673 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416499295673 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:19:y:1999:i:1:p:57-80 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leo Dobes Author-X-Name-First: Leo Author-X-Name-Last: Dobes Title: Kyoto: Tradable greenhouse emission permits in the transport sector Abstract: Tradable permits in greenhouse gases are a key, last-minute provision incorporated in the Protocol agreed in Kyoto in December 1997, but the details of any future scheme remain to be negotiated. If an effective scheme is to be implemented, it needs to take account of issues such as the fact that international transport emissions are currently recorded, but not attributed to specific countries; possible distortions, because the Kyoto Protocol targets only radiatively direct greenhouse gases; the need for compatibility with 'green' national accounts, and business accounting conventions for treating environmental assets and liabilities; and the need for scientific clarification on the calculation of CO2 equivalents for long-term carbon sinks. Given the transaction costs involved in tradable permit schemes, it is worth asking whether a carbon tax may be preferable in sectors such as transport. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 81-97 Issue: 1 Volume: 19 Year: 1999 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416499295682 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416499295682 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:19:y:1999:i:1:p:81-97 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Robert C. Lieb Author-X-Name-First: Robert C. Author-X-Name-Last: Lieb Title: Use of third-party logistics services by large US manufacturers in 1997 and comparisons with previous years Abstract: The use of third-party logistics services by large US manufacturers continues to grow. Increasingly, those services are used to support international sourcing and sales activities. Use of these services is often triggered by specific events such as a corporate restructuring, a top management change or a benchmarking effort. Nearly two-thirds of users report they experienced significant impediments in implementing third-party agreements. After starting conservatively, the typical user buys a wide variety of logistics services. Users generally report that buying logistics services has had a positive impact on their organizations, particularly with respect to logistics costs and customer service. However, many also report negative impact on employee morale linked to downsizing the logistics workforce. More than two-thirds of users report cancelling at least one-third-party logistics contract. Nevertheless, if given complete responsibility to make the decision, >70% of users would increase their companies' use of such services. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 103-115 Issue: 2 Volume: 19 Year: 1999 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416499295565 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416499295565 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:19:y:1999:i:2:p:103-115 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fumitoshi Mizutani Author-X-Name-First: Fumitoshi Author-X-Name-Last: Mizutani Title: An assessment of the Japan Railway companies since privatization: Performance, local rail service and debts Abstract: This paper deals with three issues related to the privatization of Japan National Railway: the performance of each Japan Railway (JR) since privatization, the state of local rail service since the privatization and the handling of JNR's long-term debts. First, after a summary of what happened during the privatization of JNR in 1987, I will analyse the JRs' performance since privatization, taking the following performance measures: operating revenue cost ratio as an indicator of financial situation; average fare; wage; labour productivity; and average operating costs. In this analysis, I will investigate factors that attain performance improvement, such as competitive pressures and practical options related to organizational structure, incentive schemes, corporate strategies, etc. Second, I will focus on the question of whether the local rail service in small communities has remained intact since privatization. Opponents to privatization had argued that such service would atrophy. With JRs' typical local lines as samples, service quality is observed as reflected in frequency, operating time, departure of first and last train, with all figures taken between 1987 (the onset of privatization) and 1997 (10 years after privatization). Finally, the current issue of the long-term debts of JNR is discussed. In addition to the sale of JNR land and stock, it is inevitable that taxpayers' money will have to be used against this massive debt. I will outline the liquidation plan upon which the government has decided and look into the kind of political involvement brought about by the debt predicament. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 117-139 Issue: 2 Volume: 19 Year: 1999 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416499295574 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416499295574 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:19:y:1999:i:2:p:117-139 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Q. Dalvi Author-X-Name-First: M. Q. Author-X-Name-Last: Dalvi Title: Financing a metro rail through private sector initiative: The Mumbai Metro Abstract: Metro railways, being loss-making propositions, are generally built and operated by governments or their organizations. The need for constructing a metro railway in Mumbai has been felt for a long time but due to lack of resources the government has not been able to take any initiative. Meanwhile, travelling conditions in the city have become unbearable and unsafe. A group of private consultants has recently completed a techno-economic feasibility study for constructing and operating a metro system in Mumbai through private sector involvement. The paper briefly discusses the financial model and the funding methods recommended to render the project financially attractive for the private sector participation. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 141-156 Issue: 2 Volume: 19 Year: 1999 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416499295583 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416499295583 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:19:y:1999:i:2:p:141-156 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Wootton Author-X-Name-First: J. Author-X-Name-Last: Wootton Title: Replacing the private car Abstract: Increasing car ownership, the use people make of cars and the changes in the patterns of land use are the root causes of people's concerns about traffic congestion, pollution, sustainability and safety. A long-term strategy is needed to solve the problems. The strategy should include education to encourage changes in behaviour; reshaping our towns and cities to reduce the need for personal mobility by mechanized transport; improved public transport; building more roads; the rapid introduction of new technology; more fuel-effective vehicles; pricing mechanisms to give the right incentives; and new sources of funds to finance the solutions. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 157-175 Issue: 2 Volume: 19 Year: 1999 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416499295592 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416499295592 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:19:y:1999:i:2:p:157-175 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stefan Bratzel Author-X-Name-First: Stefan Author-X-Name-Last: Bratzel Title: Conditions of success in sustainable urban transport policyPolicy change in 'relatively successful' European cities Abstract: The paper outlines some preliminary results of an ongoing study on 'conditions of success in sustainable transport policies in cities'. The study consists of a comparative analysis of five case studies dealing with relatively successful European cities in three countries: Zurich, Basle (Switzerland), Amsterdam, Groningen (The Netherlands) and Freiburg (Germany). Having in mind the ongoing deterioration of traffic-related environmental problems in cities, the paper proceeds in a three-step approach: by describing the trends of transport of persons and the environment in general and of forerunner cities in particular, the opportunities and limits of sustainable urban transport developments are detected in a first step. In a second step, the degrees and patterns of environmentally oriented policy changes in relatively successful cities are outlined. The third step focuses on the reasons and ways policy windows open up for fundamental environmentally oriented changes of transport policies. It is argued that 'macro-windows' for such changes only open up due to strong and enduring forces originally from outside the local political system. Social crises and impressive political mandates were identified as important external factors that influenced the 'greening' of urban transport in the relatively successful cities. However, an open macro-window is only conceived as a political opportunity for change, a necessary but not sufficient condition. Whether or to what extent these opportunities are utilized depends on further factors. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 177-190 Issue: 2 Volume: 19 Year: 1999 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416499295600 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416499295600 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:19:y:1999:i:2:p:177-190 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: G. Harris Author-X-Name-First: G. Author-X-Name-Last: Harris Title: Competitive strategies for railways in the UK: A corporate perspective Abstract: As part of a trend towards increasing the involvement of the private sector in railway operations, Britain's passenger railways were franchised in 1996 - 97. This followed the fragmentation of the erstwhile nationalized British Rail into an infrastructure owner (Railtrack, itself privatized in 1994), train operating companies (TOCs) and a host of other organizations. Included among these were freight operations that, despite initial suggestions, were sold primarily in only two lots. Although there have been analyses on this privatization process, including (importantly) from the passengers'/customers' point of view, one perspective that has remained under reported has been from the corporate perspective. With 25 different TOCs (even if ultimately owned by only 13 different organizations), there is ample ability to demonstrate a wide range of corporate behaviour. This paper sets out to demonstrate that a varied response to railway operating is indeed being pursued by a range of TOCs. First, the characteristics of the passenger railway sector are considered, both from a management and an economic viewpoint. A brief historical section then enables the different strategies being adopted by a number of companies to be looked at, and to conclude that some of these are more likely to be successful than others. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 191-202 Issue: 2 Volume: 19 Year: 1999 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416499295619 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416499295619 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:19:y:1999:i:2:p:191-202 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Niklas Sieber Author-X-Name-First: Niklas Author-X-Name-Last: Sieber Title: Transporting the yield: Appropriate transport for agricultural production and marketing in Sub-Saharan Africa Abstract: The conventional approach towards agricultural transport in Sub-Saharan Africa focuses mostly on motorized transport. This approach is too narrow because it does not reflect the transport requirements and purchasing power of small-scale farmers. This paper explains why a broader approach that includes not only roads, but also paths and tracks; not only trucks but also intermediate means of transport such as donkeys, bicycles and animal carts can considerably improve agricultural transport. Even though the effects of an appropriate approach on agricultural production, marketing and income can be significant, it is more often rejected by decision-makers as primitive and backward. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 205-220 Issue: 3 Volume: 19 Year: 1999 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416499295493 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416499295493 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:19:y:1999:i:3:p:205-220 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. W. Axhausen Author-X-Name-First: K. W. Author-X-Name-Last: Axhausen Author-Name: P. G. Brandl Author-X-Name-First: P. G. Author-X-Name-Last: Brandl Title: Dynamics of LRT growth: Karlsruhe since 1975 Abstract: The public transport system of Karlsruhe, in particular its innovative services on jointly used heavy rail lines, has received substantial attention throughout the past 20 years. The discussion of the system and of its development has been rather limited in the past, mostly highlighting technical aspects. This paper provides an overview of the development, including the urban development, of the region and of the funding system. The ridership and financial development of the operator is documented in detail. Three case studies focus on the integration of the system development in the general political process of the region and demonstrate the limitations of the operator under its current ownership structures. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 221-240 Issue: 3 Volume: 19 Year: 1999 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416499295501 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416499295501 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:19:y:1999:i:3:p:221-240 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laurent Denant-Boemont Author-X-Name-First: Laurent Author-X-Name-Last: Denant-Boemont Author-Name: Gordon Mills Author-X-Name-First: Gordon Author-X-Name-Last: Mills Title: Urban light rail: Intermodal competition or coordination? Abstract: When modern light-rail technology does have a sound economic role in urban transport, how should its deployment be organized? In particular, what role might there be for private enterprise? In many countries, a city coordinates its light-rail and bus services: buses feed light rail rather than run in parallel; travel passes are valid on all modes. In contrast, light rail in England may experience onstreet competition because deregulation has removed restrictions on bus entry. In many cases, light rail is established not only to provide basic public transport but also (1) to provide high-quality service that attracts use by car-owners, (2) to reduce pollution from buses and (3) to facilitate changes to urban form. In that context, competition may be both impracticable and undesirable. In cases where these three aims matter little, on-street competition may be beneficial, but light rail may not be worthwhile. The paper identifies arrangements for franchising and contracting-out that respect these considerations. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 241-253 Issue: 3 Volume: 19 Year: 1999 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416499295510 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416499295510 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:19:y:1999:i:3:p:241-253 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tore Langmyhr Author-X-Name-First: Tore Author-X-Name-Last: Langmyhr Title: Understanding innovation: The case of road pricing Abstract: Road pricing has emerged as an important transport-planning topic in several countries. This can be attributed to a growing concern for urban congestion and environmental problems, as well as to difficulties in financing new transport infrastructure. However, this innovative policy measure has rarely been implemented and consequently the Norwegian schemes have attracted much attention as exceptional examples of urban-wide road pricing. In this paper, factors contributing to the implementation of road pricing innovations are studied based on four Norwegian case studies. Different approaches to innovation research are discussed and a 'constructivist' approach is developed. This implies a focus on the meaning ascribed to road pricing measures by different actors at different times, on the alliances between important proponents and on innovation as an evolutionary process. The role of planners as facilitators of road pricing innovations is investigated. Factors describing 'simple' and 'complicated' contexts for road pricing implementation are outlined. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 255-271 Issue: 3 Volume: 19 Year: 1999 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416499295529 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416499295529 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:19:y:1999:i:3:p:255-271 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mary R. Brooks Author-X-Name-First: Mary R. Author-X-Name-Last: Brooks Title: Performance evaluation of carriers by North American logistics service firms Abstract: Performance evaluation in the US transport system is well under way according to the trade press; its use by Canadian firms is less well known. This paper reports some of the preliminary findings of the second phase of a threephase research study now under way to examine the assessment of carrier performance by users and suppliers of North American transportation services. Phase I examined the approaches of cargo suppliers (manufacturers) to the evaluation of their transport suppliers' performance, in order to understand the business practices taking place. The results of this activity were reported in Volume 18, Number 1 of Transport Reviews. Detailed case studies of user companies is the part of Phase I that remains to be completed. Phase II examines similar elements from the viewpoints of carriers and a small number of logistics service firms. This paper describes the views of a number of logistics service firms, and completes a preliminary exploration of the practices of these firms in their dealings with carriers. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 273-283 Issue: 3 Volume: 19 Year: 1999 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416499295538 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416499295538 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:19:y:1999:i:3:p:273-283 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tony Bliss Author-X-Name-First: Tony Author-X-Name-Last: Bliss Author-Name: Jagadish Guria Author-X-Name-First: Jagadish Author-X-Name-Last: Guria Author-Name: Wayne Jones Author-X-Name-First: Wayne Author-X-Name-Last: Jones Author-Name: Nigel Rockliffe Author-X-Name-First: Nigel Author-X-Name-Last: Rockliffe Title: A road safety resource allocation model Abstract: This paper describes a model for the optimal allocation of road safety resources in New Zealand. The model permits expenditure to be allocated between regions, intervention types and road types so that efficiency is maximized given a resource constraint. It can accommodate resource constraints and other policy goals (such as equity). It relies on the principle that road safety interventions should be carried out until the cost of the marginal unit of intervention on the marginal section of road equals its marginal benefit. It is illustrated by applying it to road safety enforcement: police patrol hours are allocated optimally between areas. The model can, in principle, be adapted to other types of road expenditure. Refinements and extensions are suggested. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 291-303 Issue: 4 Volume: 19 Year: 1999 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416499295402 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416499295402 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:19:y:1999:i:4:p:291-303 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Parviz A. Koushki Author-X-Name-First: Parviz A. Author-X-Name-Last: Koushki Author-Name: Saleh Yaseen Author-X-Name-First: Saleh Author-X-Name-Last: Yaseen Author-Name: Laila I. Ali Author-X-Name-First: Laila I. Author-X-Name-Last: Ali Title: Evaluation of bus transit maintenance and operation costs in Kuwait Abstract: The Kuwait Public Transit Company (KPTC) provides the only source of mobility for a large percentage of the low-income expatriate labourers in Kuwait since the price of the taxi system - the only alternative mode - is beyond their reach. The KPTC also provides transportation services for schools, private agencies and government ministries, as well as for the handicapped. The KPTC transit fleet includes a variety of bus vehicles purchased from different manufacturers. In this research study, performance indicators for a sample of transit routes are computed and the maintenance and operation cost records for nearly 1000 buses were obtained from the files of the KPTC and analysed. Unit costs for each bus type were calculated and compared. In addition, the life-cycle cost - one that includes capital investment, maintenance and operation expenses, as well as salvage value - was also calculated and compared. The results indicated that a significant reduction in costs would be accomplished if the route operational policies, purchase-decisions and the daily operation level of the buses were based on their life-cycle cost. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 305-314 Issue: 4 Volume: 19 Year: 1999 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416499295411 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416499295411 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:19:y:1999:i:4:p:305-314 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chester G. Wilmot Author-X-Name-First: Chester G. Author-X-Name-Last: Wilmot Author-Name: Mandar Khanal Author-X-Name-First: Mandar Author-X-Name-Last: Khanal Title: Effect of Speed limits on speed and safety: A review Abstract: This paper draws on the results of studies conducted around the world on the effect of speed limits on speed and safety. It is observed that, generally, motorists do not adhere to speed limits but instead choose speeds they perceive as acceptably safe. Perceptions of safety are influenced by the environment in which travel takes place such as whether the road is a controlled access facility, the nature of adjoining land use, the geometry of the road and existing weather conditions. The relationship between speed and safety is influenced by factors such as the type of road, driver age and vehicle safety devices. Research shows that speed cannot be linked statistically to the incidence of accidents, although it is statistically significant in accident severity. If speed limits are increased only on controlled-access facilities, while retaining lower speed limits on other facilities, system-wide safety may not be adversely affected. The main benefits of increasing speed limits seem to be in improving their credibility with the public and regaining control of speed behaviour on highways. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 315-329 Issue: 4 Volume: 19 Year: 1999 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416499295420 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416499295420 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:19:y:1999:i:4:p:315-329 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Antoneta X. Horbury Author-X-Name-First: Antoneta X. Author-X-Name-Last: Horbury Title: Guidelines for specifying automatic vehicle location and real-time passenger information systems using current best practice Abstract: Several bus companies and local authorities are showing a great deal of interest in automatic vehicle location (AVL) technology since AVL data can be used to drive systems which provide real-time passenger information at bus stops (which are perceived to be a potential source of increasing patronage and also have a high on-street profile). However, many AVL and real-time passenger information systems have been bought 'off-the-shelf' without consideration as to whether the system could be better with re-specification. To combat this problem, a comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of the various AVL technologies has been made to produce guidelines for the specification of AVL systems and real-time passenger information systems, and the results have been presented here. To identify current best practice, interviews were carried out with project managers of most of the real-time passenger information systems operational in the UK and some bus operators who were implementing AVL systems. The results suggest that no one system embraces all best practice and so there is potential to improve on the 'off-the-shelf' systems currently available from manufacturers. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 331-351 Issue: 4 Volume: 19 Year: 1999 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416499295439 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416499295439 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:19:y:1999:i:4:p:331-351 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Khaled A. Abbas Author-X-Name-First: Khaled A. Author-X-Name-Last: Abbas Author-Name: Mona H. Abd-Allah Author-X-Name-First: Mona H. Author-X-Name-Last: Abd-Allah Title: Estimation and assessment of cost allocation models for main transit systems operating in Cairo Abstract: This paper reviews the main characteristics of the provision of urban transit systems in Cairo, namely buses, minibuses, river buses, trams and surface metros, all being currently operated by Cairo Transport Authority (CTA). It presents some generic types of indicators to compare and assess the performance of the five main urban transit systems provided by CTA. The CTA budget plan for the Financial Year 96/97 is reviewed. The absence of any form of cost modelling as an integral part of CTA budget plans is identified. Here, an attempt is made to develop cost models for the main urban transit systems operated by CTA. Four generic approaches for estimating cost models for transit services are comparatively reviewed, namely the causal factor, cost allocation, regression and temporal variation methods. Cost allocation methods are particularly applied in this research to estimate different cost models for the main transit systems operated by CTA. These models are meant to assist in predicting and showing the relative magnitude of expected changes in various cost categories, resulting from systems/services expansion or down-sizing for the transit modes operated by CTA. The development of such models is thought to contribute in raising the cost consciousness in CTA with the ultimate benefit of maximizing system efficiency. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 353-375 Issue: 4 Volume: 19 Year: 1999 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416499295448 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416499295448 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:19:y:1999:i:4:p:353-375 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael Banister Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Banister Title: Editorial Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 1-1 Issue: 1 Volume: 20 Year: 2000 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416400295301 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416400295301 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:20:y:2000:i:1:p:1-1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mark Wardman Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Wardman Author-Name: Jonathan Tyler Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan Author-X-Name-Last: Tyler Title: Rail network accessibility and the demand for inter-urban rail travel Abstract: This paper reviews methods that have and can be used to forecast the effect of changes in accessibility to the rail network on the demand for inter-urban rail travel and of available evidence on rail accessibility elasticities. It reveals that relatively little research has been conducted in this area and that the forecasting procedures that could be used imply large variation in accessibility elasticities, which has not been empirically justified. Fresh empirical evidence on two related matters is reported. First, the neglected area of choice set composition is examined and the extent to which rail is considered to be a realistic alternative for inter-urban journeys and the contribution that accessibility to the rail network makes to this are analysed. Second, rail trip rate models are presented that not only contain estimates of accessibility elasticities and of the effects of a range of socio-economic variables on the demand for rail travel, but also that allow tests of the accessibility elasticity variation implied by many forecasting procedures to be conducted. It is found that this elasticity variation is not empirically supported. It is concluded that there is only limited scope for increasing rail demand through improvements in rail network accessibility. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 3-24 Issue: 1 Volume: 20 Year: 2000 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416400295310 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416400295310 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:20:y:2000:i:1:p:3-24 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jian >Hong Wu Author-X-Name-First: Jian >Hong Author-X-Name-Last: Wu Author-Name: Chris Nash Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Nash Title: Railway reform in China Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to consider the current situation of Chinese Railways (CR), the progress of reforms to date, and possible future developments. The first section describes the current problems of CR as a vast organization subject to strong central control, facing enormous and rapidly growing demands which it is unable to satisfy. Comparisons are drawn between CR and those of India, Japan, North America and Western Europe. The progress of reform in CR to date, and in particular the Economic Contract Responsibility System instituted in the late 1980s and the development of joint venture companies to build new lines, are then described. In the following section the key reform models found in other countries- deregulation and privatization of vertically integrated regional companies; separation of infrastructure from operations with open access and/or franchising competitors; or reorganization on the basis of business sectors- are briefly considered. None is fully suitable for China, but it is suggested that a combination of sectorization, more commercial independence, further development of joint public/private partnerships and more contracting out, is the most likely way forward. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 25-48 Issue: 1 Volume: 20 Year: 2000 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416400295329 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416400295329 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:20:y:2000:i:1:p:25-48 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ann M. Brewer Author-X-Name-First: Ann M. Author-X-Name-Last: Brewer Title: Road rage: What, who, when, where and how? Abstract: Road rage is a form of aggressive behaviour by drivers on roadways. Recent media speculation implies that some drivers are more susceptible to road rage than others. For example, one commercial study indicated that women are increasingly the perpetrators of road rage. Although research of this kind makes good media headlines, there has been little serious scientific attention on this phenomenon. While the potential impacts of road rage are unknown, its major implication for road safety for drivers and others using roadways is apparent. Careful investigation into road rage may provide greater insight into the contributing factors of specific types of road accidents, e.g. culpable driving. It may also lead to the development of enhanced coping strategies for professional drivers. The focus of this paper is on the motivating and activating context of road rage and also is a theoretical perspective on roadway aggression and the diffusion of this form of travel behaviour. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 49-64 Issue: 1 Volume: 20 Year: 2000 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416400295338 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416400295338 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:20:y:2000:i:1:p:49-64 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eiichi Taniguchi Author-X-Name-First: Eiichi Author-X-Name-Last: Taniguchi Author-Name: Rob E.C.M. Van Der Heijden Author-X-Name-First: Rob E.C.M. Author-X-Name-Last: Van Der Heijden Title: An evaluation methodology for city logistics Abstract: This paper presents a methodology for evaluating city logistics initiatives using a dynamic traffic simulation with optimal routing and scheduling. This methodology was applied to a test road network. The performance of three city logistics initiatives, advanced routing and scheduling systems, cooperative freight transport systems and load factor controls were assessed in terms of total costs and CO2 emissions by pickup/delivery trucks operations within the network. Results indicated that these initiatives were not only effective for reducing total costs, but also for CO2 emissions. The methodology presented here allows city planners to quantitatively evaluate city logistics initiatives. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 65-90 Issue: 1 Volume: 20 Year: 2000 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416400295347 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416400295347 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:20:y:2000:i:1:p:65-90 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eric Monami Author-X-Name-First: Eric Author-X-Name-Last: Monami Title: European passenger rail reforms: A comparative assessment of the emerging models Abstract: This paper provides a comprehensive framework for analysing and comparing the various institutional models and regulatory arrangements that have recently emerged from the restructuring of European passenger rail industries. The framework identifies seven key dimensions that can be used to describe these models and arrangements. It shows how these dimensions are connected with one another in a complex web of interactions. Empirical material gathered on the passenger rail industries of five EU Member States, i.e. Belgium, France, Germany, the UK, and Sweden is used, as well as extrapolation to highlight the costs and benefits (incentive properties) associated with alternative arrangements and contract features and to show how certain dimensions can be traded-off against one another to optimize the industry's performance. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 91-112 Issue: 1 Volume: 20 Year: 2000 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416400295356 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416400295356 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:20:y:2000:i:1:p:91-112 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Banister Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Banister Title: Sustainable urban development and transport -a Eurovision for 2020 Abstract: One of the major challenges for urban planning at the end of the century is the problem that the continuous growth in traffic has had on the achievement of sustainable urban development. This paper presents the major elements of the debate from a European perspective and it sketches out the choices available to decision-makers, together with the very considerable barriers to implementation. The major issues to be addressed, if transport is to conform to the principles of sustainable urban development, are outlined from an international perspective. The actions available are grouped under the three headings of technology, economic and financial, and regulation and planning. The particular problems in Europe relate to the shortage of space, higher densities and the protection of open space. It is argued that high-quality liveable cities must be the basis for sustainable urban development and policies should be implemented to achieve that objective, so the outward migration of residents is reversed. Sustainable living requires people to want to live in close proximity in an attractive, affordable urban environment. Recent research in Europe on the options available at the strategic and the city level will be cited to illustrate the actions that are now being considered to achieve sustainable transport in 2020. To achieve this objective, action is required on both the technology of transport and decoupling of transport from economic growth. In addition, the commitment and involvement of all affected parties is essential, so that imaginative and effective measures can be implemented. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 113-130 Issue: 1 Volume: 20 Year: 2000 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416400295365 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416400295365 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:20:y:2000:i:1:p:113-130 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David A. Hensher Author-X-Name-First: David A. Author-X-Name-Last: Hensher Title: Obituary - Professor Michael E. Beesley, CBE Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 143-144 Issue: 2 Volume: 20 Year: 2000 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416400295211 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416400295211 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:20:y:2000:i:2:p:143-144 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mark Dougherty Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Dougherty Author-Name: Ken Fox Author-X-Name-First: Ken Author-X-Name-Last: Fox Author-Name: Michael Cullip Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Cullip Author-Name: Marco Boero Author-X-Name-First: Marco Author-X-Name-Last: Boero Title: Technological advances that impact on microsimulation modelling Abstract: This review covers technological advances that are beginning to impact on the state-of-the-art of road traffic microsimulation models. Three main areas are covered, reflecting the conventional division between software, hardware and data. The emphasis is on developments in modelling techniques, the increasing richness of data made available from intelligent transport systems and the rapid fall in the cost of computing hardware. These areas interact closely because more sophisticated tools are needed to cope with the huge data sets now available. Applications are also increasingly expected to run in realtime rather than off-line, with consequent increases in demand for computing power and functionality. To the non-specialist user, this increasing diversity can cause difficulties. The literature is often full of jargon or mathematics and it can be hard to decide which developments are important for different enduser applications. This paper, therefore, aims to explain in simple terms what these technologies are and how they affect modelling practice. It is hoped this will help end users in several ways; to choose appropriate tools, to better understand the models they use and to be aware of likely data sources that will improve modelling accuracy. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 145-171 Issue: 2 Volume: 20 Year: 2000 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416400295220 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416400295220 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:20:y:2000:i:2:p:145-171 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Brackstone Author-X-Name-First: M. Author-X-Name-Last: Brackstone Author-Name: M. McDonald Author-X-Name-First: M. Author-X-Name-Last: McDonald Title: A comparison of EU and US progress in the development of longitudinal advanced vehicle control and safety systems (AVCSS) Abstract: Recent years have seen the rapid development of advanced vehicle control and safety systems (AVCSS), dedicated to improving capacity and safety, particularly on multilane highways, by modifying driver behaviour, or introducing a degree of vehicle control. The extent and scale of these activities has resulted in many overlapping targets and approaches that have not been fully reconciled. This paper sets out to help develop a common understanding by: (1) reviewing the current state of the art of this subject in the European Union (EU) and the USA (2) assessing the potential benefits/dis-benefits of such systems and (3) assessing the barriers remaining before these systems may generally be implemented. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 173-190 Issue: 2 Volume: 20 Year: 2000 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416400295239 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416400295239 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:20:y:2000:i:2:p:173-190 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. E. Bouwman Author-X-Name-First: M. E. Author-X-Name-Last: Bouwman Author-Name: H. C. Moll Author-X-Name-First: H. C. Author-X-Name-Last: Moll Title: Energy use reduction potential of passenger transport in Europe Abstract: To contribute to a sustainable society, considerable reduction in energy use and CO2 emissions should be achieved. This paper presents the results of calculations exploring the energy use reduction potential of passenger transport for Western Europe (OECD Europe minus Turkey). For these calculations, three types of options are defined emphasizing technological, infrastructural and behavioural change. By 2050, technological improvements may reduce energy use per passenger-km by - 30%. Adding infrastructural options, an energy reduction of > 50% by 2050 can be realised. To achieve further energy reductions, options with a large behavioural impact should also be implemented. This results in an 80% energy reduction potential in the transport sector by 2050. To calculate the reduction potential on OECD Europe level, one should factor in expectations concerning mobility growth. Two mobility development scenarios are used. Both scenarios foresee a net decrease in total energy use of 20% with the introduction of the technological and infrastructural improvement options. Adding options emphasizing behavioural change results in a net reduction potential of - 60% by 2050. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 191-203 Issue: 2 Volume: 20 Year: 2000 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416400295248 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416400295248 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:20:y:2000:i:2:p:191-203 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mary R. Brooks Author-X-Name-First: Mary R. Author-X-Name-Last: Brooks Title: Performance evaluation of carriers by North American companies Abstract: According to the trade press, performance evaluation in North America is well underway. This paper reports the findings of a research study to examine the assessment of carrier performance by users and suppliers of North American transport services. As a descriptive study, it examines the approaches of cargo suppliers (manufacturers) to the evaluation of their transport suppliers' performance-incidence of monitoring, methods, responsibility for and use of findings - to understand the business practices taking place. These findings are then contrasted with similar elements from the points of view of carriers and logistics service firms. The paper does not explore the issue of performance assessment from a macro-economic focus but rather from one of firm-specific programme implementation. It concludes that the perception advanced by the trade press is not the reality reported by companies in the marketplace. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 205-218 Issue: 2 Volume: 20 Year: 2000 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416400295257 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416400295257 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:20:y:2000:i:2:p:205-218 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jean-Pierre Nicolas Author-X-Name-First: Jean-Pierre Author-X-Name-Last: Nicolas Title: Analysing road traffic influences on air pollution: How to achieve sustainable urban development Abstract: This paper considers the main road-traffic parameters that determine air pollution, i.e. the total volume of traffic, road speeds and the composition of the vehicle fleet. Changes in the amounts of pollutants emitted, and the importance of each of the three parameters, have been computed by using a traffic assignment model, which also represents emission factors. The types of policies that may be implemented to reduce the environmental impact of transport are then considered. The study demonstrates, for example, that the impact of a deterioration in traffic conditions is limited in comparison with the effect of forecast increases in traffic and improvements in the environmental performance of vehicles. As a consequence, if cities and urban transport are to achieve sustainable development, urban expansion must take place in a controlled way. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 219-232 Issue: 2 Volume: 20 Year: 2000 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416400295266 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416400295266 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:20:y:2000:i:2:p:219-232 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Livij Jakomin Author-X-Name-First: Livij Author-X-Name-Last: Jakomin Author-Name: Igor Trupac Author-X-Name-First: Igor Author-X-Name-Last: Trupac Title: Transport integration of Slovenia with the European Union Abstract: Today, the extended transport infrastructure along with the communications and information technologies are to a large extent the generator of integration processes all over Europe. Novelties in this area have brought about important changes in the production conditions, distribution and consumption, which exert influence on the changing of economic structure, including similar changes in social, cultural and political relations. In the future, the social and economic development of Slovenia will depend on proportionate development of regions and on the embodiment of Slovenia in a wider European space. The transport infrastructure of Slovenia, along with its transport system, should be integrated in the European transport system in such a way that the developmental interest of Slovenia is fully highlighted and included to an optimum extent in the course of Slovenia's integration to the EU. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 233-255 Issue: 2 Volume: 20 Year: 2000 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416400295275 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416400295275 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:20:y:2000:i:2:p:233-255 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cheng-Min Feng Author-X-Name-First: Cheng-Min Author-X-Name-Last: Feng Author-Name: Kai-Chieh Chia Author-X-Name-First: Kai-Chieh Author-X-Name-Last: Chia Title: Logistics opportunities in Asia and development in Taiwan Abstract: The economy in Asia is growing rapidly. As a consequence, transportation and communication technologies and the changing needs of customers and shippers have resulted in Asian and Taiwan's logistics being in transition. This paper discusses why logistics changes, and explores the opportunities for Asian logistics development. The issues of logistics perspectives of private sectors in Taiwan are then raised. Finally, logistics development in Taiwan is described. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 257-265 Issue: 2 Volume: 20 Year: 2000 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416400295284 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416400295284 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:20:y:2000:i:2:p:257-265 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pedro Cantos Sánchez Author-X-Name-First: Pedro Cantos Author-X-Name-Last: Sánchez Title: A subadditivity test for the cost function of the principal European railways Abstract: The objective of this paper is the comparison of the efficiency levels for a set of European rail companies in monopoly situations with respect to hypothetical duopoly situations. More specifically, the aim is to test whether the operating costs function of such companies is subadditive. A cost function is subadditive when a single firm can produce all relevant output vectors cheaper than two or more firms. In order to do so the test developed by Evans and Heckman (1984) will be used. It was applied for the American phone company Bell System to assess the convenience of separating the management of local and long-distance services. The results indicate that at least for the companies of a greater size, an efficiency increase (as measured by lower costs), would be obtained from the separation of the current companies in two different companies of a lower size. Besides, these efficiency gains are greater when the two new companies specialize their production, either on passenger or on freight traffic. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 275-290 Issue: 3 Volume: 20 Year: 2000 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416400412814 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416400412814 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:20:y:2000:i:3:p:275-290 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ben Still Author-X-Name-First: Ben Author-X-Name-Last: Still Author-Name: David Simmonds Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Simmonds Title: Parking restraint policy and urban vitality Abstract: The aim of the paper is to examine whether parking restraint policies may have impacts on the economic vitality of urban centres. Literature from empirical, attitudinal and modelling studies is reviewed within a structure based around a conceptual framework of parking impacts. The search for relevant material was undertaken both for the UK and overseas, but the discussion and conclusions were related to the UK context. Original modelling was undertaken and is reported here. This review found that as parking restraint policies have not been previously implemented with consistency or longevity, there is a lack of direct evidence, given that land-use impacts typically involve a long-term response. Furthermore, different methods of examining impacts have come to very different conclusions. Attitudinal evidence suggests that there is a high level of sensitivity to parking provision, whereas aggregate statistical studies tend to find only a weak relationship. The reasons underlying these differences are discussed. Land-use/transport models show impacts if there is sufficient change in generalized cost, although the spatial distribution of impacts, and impacts by household or employment disaggregation, vary considerably. Given the inconclusive nature of the evidence to date, only tentative policy implications can be drawn. Recommendations for further research are outlined, both for empirical study and for model enhancements. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 291-316 Issue: 3 Volume: 20 Year: 2000 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416400412823 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416400412823 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:20:y:2000:i:3:p:291-316 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jackie Walters Author-X-Name-First: Jackie Author-X-Name-Last: Walters Author-Name: John Preston Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Preston Author-Name: Andrew Shaw Author-X-Name-First: Andrew Author-X-Name-Last: Shaw Author-Name: Gordon Mills Author-X-Name-First: Gordon Author-X-Name-Last: Mills Author-Name: David A. Hensher Author-X-Name-First: David A. Author-X-Name-Last: Hensher Title: Competition and Ownership in Land Passenger Transport: The Sixth International Conference, Cape Town, South Africa, September 1999 - Part 1 Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 317-346 Issue: 3 Volume: 20 Year: 2000 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416400412832 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416400412832 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:20:y:2000:i:3:p:317-346 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Muhammad A. Sadi Author-X-Name-First: Muhammad A. Author-X-Name-Last: Sadi Author-Name: Joan C. Henderson Author-X-Name-First: Joan C. Author-X-Name-Last: Henderson Title: The Asian economic crisis and the aviation industry: Impacts and response strategies Abstract: Most airlines across Asia are struggling to cope with an unprecedented economic crisis which they have very little control over, and the survival of some remains in doubt. The continuing uncertainty generated by the crisis has accelerated the process of change in the aviation industry and has highlighted the need for adaptability, and its effects have been deeper and longer lasting than previously anticipated. After a year-long slump in the Asian travel market, airlines are now considering a range of options and rehabilitation programmes including a series of cost-cutting measures. There appears to be a trend towards the extension and consolidation of strategic alliances, structural and operational reorganization, and the application of new technologies. The success of these measures will become apparent over time, but action is necessary to minimize the adverse consequences of the crisis which has dominated the region since 1997. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 347-367 Issue: 3 Volume: 20 Year: 2000 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416400412841 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416400412841 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:20:y:2000:i:3:p:347-367 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: AManda Root Author-X-Name-First: AManda Author-X-Name-Last: Root Author-Name: Laurie Schintler Author-X-Name-First: Laurie Author-X-Name-Last: Schintler Author-Name: KEnneth Button Author-X-Name-First: KEnneth Author-X-Name-Last: Button Title: Women, travel and the idea of 'sustainable transport' Abstract: Women form an increasingly large proportion of both the populations of the US and of European countries. This, together with the changing role of women in modern society, has important potential implications for transport policy. Looked at from the micro level, women have different travel patterns from men, reflecting factors such as lower labour force participation, lower income levels, their traditional role in the family, the decision-making structure within households, the current age distribution and physical vulnerability. The situation is changing and this will have implications on transport demands. The female population is also, on average, getting older. Traditional travel modelling spends much time on modal attributes, such as speed and cost, but for many women this may not be the central issue. Security is often important. Standard traffic models only implicitly allow for gender (e.g. travel time is valued different from work and non-work trips). With the increased complexity of life styles and the growth in multi-purpose trips by women, the conventional approach to travel time valuation may need to be rethought. This paper looks at some of the emerging issues regarding women and travel and puts them in the context of the emerging ideas concerning sustainable transport. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 369-383 Issue: 3 Volume: 20 Year: 2000 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416400412850 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416400412850 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:20:y:2000:i:3:p:369-383 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Francisco J. Martínez Author-X-Name-First: Francisco J. Author-X-Name-Last: Martínez Title: Book review Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 384-384 Issue: 3 Volume: 20 Year: 2000 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416400412869 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416400412869 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:20:y:2000:i:3:p:384-384 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Patrick Bonnel Author-X-Name-First: Patrick Author-X-Name-Last: Bonnel Author-Name: Alain Chausse Author-X-Name-First: Alain Author-X-Name-Last: Chausse Title: Urban travel: Competition and pricing Abstract: The transport problems that urban centres now face (as regard congestion, the environment and public deficits) have led to an examination of competition in the sector. Some countries have moved towards the deregulation or privatization of urban public transport, influenced by developments in the theory of contestable markets. These analyses could potentially provide a means of increasing the efficiency of public services and, hence, public transport. However, the authors do not feel that they can deal with the full extent of the problem. Particularly in urban areas, there is a need nowadays to examine the issue of competition between the passenger car and public transport, especially from the pricing angle. In France, decades of policy strongly influenced by a preference for the car have prevented this problem from being a central concern for researchers and decision-makers. The approach to the problem has mainly been centred on increasing urban supply to meet demand better. However, a failure to consider pricing, and the subsidization phenomena that can occur as a result, affects the shape of supply systems. Pricing, through its action on demand, acts on supply by increasing or reducing its potential profitability. 'Snowball' effects can, therefore, mean that slight underpricing results in the domination of one transport mode. These effects have been revealed in particular by work in the new field of network economics. The example of the Lyon conurbation shall be used to illustrate the case, which is that car travel is underpriced. The basis of the exposé will be a detailed analysis of the externalities associated with the car, i.e. the costs of car use and the revenue it raises for the community. The second part of the paper is a study of several urban travel policies in Europe (France, UK, Switzerland, Italy) to show the 'effects' of this underpricing. Where supply has followed the pressure of demand, the dominance of the car has been reinforced. However, in cities, particularly in Switzerland, where supply has been restricted, this dominance has been considerably moderated. On the other hand, it can be seen from the French example that taking strong action to improve public transport is not in itself sufficient to increase usage. Several lessons can be learnt from this work. First, it is shown, if it was still necessary to do so, that the problems of urban travel require a comprehensive and coherent approach. Modal policy must, therefore, be assessed with reference to the entire transport system. Next, in connection with the issue of regulation, it is important to consider the issue of competition in urban areas, and not only competition between public transport operators, but also (and even above all) competition within the entire system of personal and public transport. Finally, with regard to pricing, the ratchet effects that benefit the car as a result of its underpricing in urban areas need to be studied. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 385-401 Issue: 4 Volume: 20 Year: 2000 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640050150658 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640050150658 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:20:y:2000:i:4:p:385-401 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David. P. Ashmore Author-X-Name-First: David. P. Author-X-Name-Last: Ashmore Author-Name: Nigel G. Harris Author-X-Name-First: Nigel G. Author-X-Name-Last: Harris Title: Using risk analysis to determine the potential range of lifecycle costs for urban transit systems Abstract: Intense competition for limited public funding for urban transport projects can often result in proponents of individual schemes presenting minimized costs and maximized benefits to funding bodies to try to ensure that their scheme is chosen above others for funding. This presents public bodies with a problem, especially in an era when they are keen to attract private contributions for transit schemes. Risk modelling techniques can be of great assistance in ascertaining ranges of costs and benefits for individual submissions and deciding upon which projects should receive priority-not only those with greatest cost-benefit indices, but also those whose indices have low levels of associated risk to allay the fears of the traditionally risk averse private sector. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 403-420 Issue: 4 Volume: 20 Year: 2000 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640050150667 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640050150667 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:20:y:2000:i:4:p:403-420 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. A. W. J. Marchau Author-X-Name-First: V. A. W. J. Author-X-Name-Last: Marchau Author-Name: R. E. C. M. Van Der Heijden Author-X-Name-First: R. E. C. M. Author-X-Name-Last: Van Der Heijden Title: Introducing advanced electronic driver support systems: An exploration of market and technological uncertainties Abstract: R&D in the field of driver support systems is increasingly paid attention to. These systems can contribute significantly to public traffic goals. However, there is much uncertainty about future technology developments, market introduction, and impacts on driver and traffic behaviour. An international Delphi study collecting expert opinions on these issues is partly described here. The Delphi study was organized in three rounds. Opinions of 50 experts from the USA, Japan and Europe were collected. The paper is limited to market introduction, and technological and driver-behavioural barriers. The main conclusion is that future developments are less obvious than often assumed. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 421-433 Issue: 4 Volume: 20 Year: 2000 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640050150676 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640050150676 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:20:y:2000:i:4:p:421-433 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ian Scott Author-X-Name-First: Ian Author-X-Name-Last: Scott Author-Name: Jeremy D. Shires Author-X-Name-First: Jeremy D. Author-X-Name-Last: Shires Author-Name: Chris Nash Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Nash Title: Competition and Ownership in Land Passenger Transport: The Sixth International Conference, Cape Town, South Africa, September 1999 - Part 2 Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 469-492 Issue: 4 Volume: 20 Year: 2000 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640050150702 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640050150702 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:20:y:2000:i:4:p:469-492 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Allan G. Woodburn Author-X-Name-First: Allan G. Author-X-Name-Last: Woodburn Title: The changing nature of rail freight in Great Britain: The start of a renaissance? Abstract: This paper reports on ongoing research into the potential for rail freight service developments to achieve a significant modal shift away from road towards more sustainable modes of transport for freight movements. It is based on the analysis of comprehensive databases of rail freight flows in Great Britain in 1991 and 1997, a period in which there has been dramatic upheaval of rail freight services. This reveals that traffic volumes in early 1997 were still below those in early 1991, but that many new flows were beginning to manifest themselves as a result of traffic gains by the newly privatized operators who have been actively seeking new custom. Some of these flows are ones that were lost from rail during the period of decline, but it is clear that a significant volume of traffic gained is entirely new to rail. Finally, the need for more research on the interactions between these supply-side developments and logistical restructuring is highlighted. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 1-13 Issue: 1 Volume: 21 Year: 2001 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416400750059257 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416400750059257 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:21:y:2001:i:1:p:1-13 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Patrick McCarthy Author-X-Name-First: Patrick Author-X-Name-Last: McCarthy Title: Effect of speed limits on speed distributions and highway safety: A survey of recent literature Abstract: This paper examines recent work on the effect of motor vehicle speed limits on highway speeds and highway safety. The review is empirical and concentrates on identifying the quantitative effects that changes in regulatory speed limit policies on interstate and non-interstate roads have on the distribution of speeds and traffic safety. Among the findings, small speed limit changes on non-limited-access roads will have little effect on speed distribution and highway safety unless complemented with speed-reducing actions. Also, the 10 mph increase in rural interstate speed limits increased nationwide mean speed and speed variance by > 4 and 1 mph respectively. Further, notwithstanding higher rural interstate speed limits leading to speed adaptation on non-affected roads, the evidence is consistent with a zero system-wide effect. Implications for further research relate to the importance of controlling for confounding factors, aggregation, the use of alternative methodologies, and the importance of enforcement in affecting speed distributions and highway safety. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 31-50 Issue: 1 Volume: 21 Year: 2001 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416400750059275 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416400750059275 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:21:y:2001:i:1:p:31-50 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Faisal Awadallah Author-X-Name-First: Faisal Author-X-Name-Last: Awadallah Title: The transport planning process for minimum available related data: A case study - Palestinian self-rule areas Abstract: This paper evaluates not only the traditional transport planning process approach, especially its usefulness for urban areas in underdeveloped regions, but also transport planning experiences in underdeveloped countries. Guidelines for a flexible and a systematic transport planning process are developed for areas with minimum relevant data, the Palestinian self-rule areas being used as a case study to demonstrate evidence for the proposed model. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 75-87 Issue: 1 Volume: 21 Year: 2001 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416400750059293 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416400750059293 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:21:y:2001:i:1:p:75-87 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Piet H. L. Bovy Author-X-Name-First: Piet H. L. Author-X-Name-Last: Bovy Title: Traffic flooding the low countries: How the Dutch cope with motorway congestion Abstract: Motorway congestion is a common characteristic of the larger conurbations all over the world. Using the example of the Randstad region in The Netherlands, the causes and conditions for the growing congestion on main roads are presented and explained. From an international comparison it appears that the Randstad region is characterized by a relatively high density and high-access quality of its motorway network, giving rise to an extremely high level of usage. The Dutch policy of coping with the consequent congestion problems at the network design level is outlined, followed by a presentation of the dynamic traffic management approaches to these problems. Special attention is given to the so-called target group policy that aims at prioritizing specific user groups such as freight traffic and trucks. Finally, attention is given to the Dutch attempts to introduce congestion pricing as a means of tackling congestion. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 89-116 Issue: 1 Volume: 21 Year: 2001 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416400750059301 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416400750059301 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:21:y:2001:i:1:p:89-116 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christians Jauernig Author-X-Name-First: Christians Author-X-Name-Last: Jauernig Author-Name: Michael Roe Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Roe Title: International logistics in Lithuania at a time of transition Abstract: This paper examines the current situation in the largest of the Baltic States - Lithuania - with respect to the development of international transport and logistics in the context of the severe political, economic and social changes that have taken place since 1991. Utilizing statistics previously unavailable for the region, the paper examines the impact of transition and the competitive role of East European carriers upon a specific international movement of electronic goods between Frankfurt/Main in Germany and Vilnius in Lithuania, developing a detailed cost model for the alternative modal choices that are available - road and ship/road. Rail transport is excluded as no international rail services between the two countries are available and there are no plans for such services in the near future. From this, a series of issues for the future in the context of potential EU membership, transport infrastructure developments and logistical trends is analysed. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 117-135 Issue: 1 Volume: 21 Year: 2001 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416400750059310 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416400750059310 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:21:y:2001:i:1:p:117-135 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gordon Mills Author-X-Name-First: Gordon Author-X-Name-Last: Mills Title: New tramways in France: The case of Montpellier Abstract: For the light-rail line that opened in Montpellier in late 2000, this study describes the urban setting, the previous bus services, the reasons for choosing light rail, the procedures for evaluation and approval, the chosen route, and the arrangements for funding, construction and operation. The Montpellier case shows how a bus-way can be a step on the path to light-rail. Among other conclusions, the study highlights the scope for light-rail to yield reduced journey times for public transport users, and to effect environmental improvement; the case for building a tramway is strengthened if complementary urban developments are in hand. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 337-352 Issue: 3 Volume: 21 Year: 2001 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640117122 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640117122 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:21:y:2001:i:3:p:337-352 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mark Wardman Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Wardman Author-Name: Gerard Whelan Author-X-Name-First: Gerard Author-X-Name-Last: Whelan Title: Valuation of improved railway rolling stock: A review of the literature and new evidence Abstract: The paper provides a comprehensive review of a large amount of previously unpublished British evidence about the valuation of new railway rolling stock and its effects on demand. An important conclusion is that incentives to bias Stated Preference responses and unfamiliarity with the rolling stock being considered have led to inflated values. This has broader implications for the use of Stated Preference techniques. Also provided is fresh empirical evidence for a range of different types of rolling stock and specific rolling stock attributes. A novel aspect of the research was the use of disaggregate Revealed Preference choice data. The estimated rolling stock values are much lower than those obtained from previous studies. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 415-447 Issue: 4 Volume: 21 Year: 2001 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640010020115 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640010020115 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:21:y:2001:i:4:p:415-447 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cheng-Min Feng Author-X-Name-First: Cheng-Min Author-X-Name-Last: Feng Author-Name: Rong-Tsu Wang Author-X-Name-First: Rong-Tsu Author-X-Name-Last: Wang Title: Considering the financial ratios on the performance evaluation of highway bus industry Abstract: This paper tries to construct a performance evaluation procedure for highway buses with the financial ratio taken into consideration. First, a conceptual framework is redeveloped, based on the one created by Fielding et al ., to help form evaluation items and performance indicators involving both transport and finance aspects. Second, the total performance is divided into three major kinds of efficiency—production, marketing, execution—according to the cycle of operation activities. Third, to overcome the problems of small sample size and unknown distribution of samples, the grey relation analysis is used to select the representative indicators, and the TOPSIS method is used for the outranking of highway bus. In addition, a case study is conducted using four highway bus companies as example. The empirical result shows that the performance evaluation for highway buses could become more comprehensive if financial ratios are considered. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 449-467 Issue: 4 Volume: 21 Year: 2001 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640010020304 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640010020304 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:21:y:2001:i:4:p:449-467 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Milan Janic Author-X-Name-First: Milan Author-X-Name-Last: Janic Title: Integrated transport systems in the European Union: An overview of some recent developments Abstract: This paper presents an overview of some recent developments in and policy issues relating to integrated transport systems in the European Union (EU). Both goods and passenger transport systems are considered in the context of actions recently undertaken and supported by the EU. The paper considers the very general background of these systems at the EU scale and offers insights into some recent successful and promising policy, real-life, and research attainments. In addition, it attempts to identify some directions for future actions in fields such as transport policy, transport technology, transport economics and transport scenarios. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 469-497 Issue: 4 Volume: 21 Year: 2001 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640110042147 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640110042147 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:21:y:2001:i:4:p:469-497 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bruno De Borger Author-X-Name-First: Bruno Author-X-Name-Last: De Borger Author-Name: Kristiaan Kerstens Author-X-Name-First: Kristiaan Author-X-Name-Last: Kerstens Author-Name: Álvaro Costa Author-X-Name-First: Álvaro Author-X-Name-Last: Costa Title: Public transit performance: What does one learn from frontier studies? Abstract: This paper provides a comprehensive survey of the literature on production and cost frontiers for public transit operators, and it evaluates the contributions of frontier analysis to the understanding of the performance of the public transport sector. The authors first succinctly contrast best practice (or frontier) and average practice specifications of technology. They also review relevant performance indicators and the methods to measure them. Next, the existing frontier studies measuring urban transit performance are systematically summarized and critically assessed. It is shown that the organization of the market, contract design, the degree and nature of the regulatory regime, and the characteristics of the network being served are all important determinants of inefficiency. However, although the frontier literature has substantially contributed to the knowledge of urban transit technologies and the determinants of performance, it is found that many important issues remain unresolved. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 1-38 Issue: 1 Volume: 22 Year: 2002 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640010020313 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640010020313 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:22:y:2002:i:1:p:1-38 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Robert B. Noland Author-X-Name-First: Robert B. Author-X-Name-Last: Noland Author-Name: John W. Polak Author-X-Name-First: John W. Author-X-Name-Last: Polak Title: Travel time variability: A review of theoretical and empirical issues Abstract: Over the past several years a number of research projects have attempted to empirically measure behavioural responses to changes in travel time variability. These have generally been built on theoretical models of scheduling choice that account for changes in departure time in response to the expected costs associated with variability. This paper reviews both the theory and empirical results of several projects that estimated coefficients on various measures of variability using stated preference techniques. Gaps in the understanding of these issues are identified and discussed. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 39-54 Issue: 1 Volume: 22 Year: 2002 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640010022456 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640010022456 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:22:y:2002:i:1:p:39-54 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kevin Cullinane Author-X-Name-First: Kevin Author-X-Name-Last: Cullinane Author-Name: Dong-Wook Song Author-X-Name-First: Dong-Wook Author-X-Name-Last: Song Title: Port privatization policy and practice Abstract: In recent years a significant number of countries have implemented policies aimed at reforming their port industry. In the belief that it will improve efficiency and reduce the heavy financial burden placed upon governments that attempt to support such a capital-intensive industry, privatization has often formed an important strand of such policies. A key claim in favour of privatization is that the transfer of ownership from public to private hands will ultimately lead to an improvement in economic efficiency and, hence, financial and operational performance. This paper investigates the theoretical underpinnings and practical validity of this claim and concludes that privatization is only a partial cure for what ails the world's ports and that, if implemented in isolation, it simply cannot deliver the much-needed panacea for the industry's woes. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 55-75 Issue: 1 Volume: 22 Year: 2002 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640110042138 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640110042138 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:22:y:2002:i:1:p:55-75 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Clark Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Clark Author-Name: Wilfred Crous Author-X-Name-First: Wilfred Author-X-Name-Last: Crous Title: Public transport in metropolitan Cape Town: Past, present and future Abstract: This paper reviews the provision of public transport in the Cape Town Metropolitan Area and the proposals for its future development. A vitally distinguishing characteristic of public transport in Cape Town and other South African cities is the fractured market with great discrepancies between different segments. These range from those with high incomes and preferences similar to those found in typically First World countries to a great majority living at or below minimum poverty levels with virtually no choices and a very different set of needs and preferences. Although scope for improving service levels and satisfying user needs is unlimited, in South Africa resources for transport are facing severe competition from other macrolevel social and economic imperatives, such as combating crime and addressing discrepancies in health and education needs. This situation represents a huge challenge to those responsible for planning and developing public transport strategies. Evidence is presented that current public transport services are unsustainable in terms of increasing subsidy requirements while also not effectively meeting user needs. Proposals to restructure the public transport system and to use Stated Preference techniques to identify user needs are put forward. Given the fractured market for public transport in metropolitan Cape Town, Stated Preference techniques will require innovative adaptations and different approaches to those most commonly applied elsewhere in the world and this paper provides some broad guidelines. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 77-101 Issue: 1 Volume: 22 Year: 2002 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640110052092 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640110052092 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:22:y:2002:i:1:p:77-101 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Hadi Baaj Author-X-Name-First: M. Hadi Author-X-Name-Last: Baaj Title: Restructuring the Lebanese Railway and Public Transport Authority (RPTA): From losing operator to effective regulator Abstract: The Lebanese Council of Ministers has recently endorsed a plan for the reform and organization of the Land Public Transport Sector (LPTS). The plan implies a new role for the government: it would cease being just a loss-making service provider and become the planner and regulator of the sector under a new strategy. The strategy would aim at creating the enabling environment and conditions that allow and ensure the existence of sufficient, affordable and efficient transport services provided by several private-sector operators functioning under competitive conditions. Thus, the existing autonomous Railway and Public Transport Authority (RPTA) will be restructured to serve as the effective regulator, its bus operations will be corporatized (for possible eventual privatization), and all existing private sector service providers will be regulated. Following a brief overview of the problems of the sector and the components of the reform and organization plan, this paper focuses on developing options for the restructuring of the RPTA to carry out its new role. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 103-113 Issue: 1 Volume: 22 Year: 2002 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640110068626 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640110068626 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:22:y:2002:i:1:p:103-113 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cheng-Lung Wu Author-X-Name-First: Cheng-Lung Author-X-Name-Last: Wu Author-Name: Robert E. Caves Author-X-Name-First: Robert E. Author-X-Name-Last: Caves Title: Research review of air traffic management Abstract: As air transport demand keeps growing more quickly than system capacity, efficient and effective management of system capacity becomes essential to the operation of the future global air traffic system. Although research in the past two decades has made significant progress in relevant research fields, e.g. air traffic flow management and airport capacity modelling, research loopholes in air traffic management still exist and links between different research areas are required to enhance the system performance of air traffic management. Hence, the objective of this paper is to review systematically current research in the literature about the issue of air traffic management to prioritize productive research areas. Papers about air traffic management are discussed and categorized into two levels: system and airport. The system level of air transport research includes two main topics: air traffic flow management and airspace research. On the airport level, research topics are: airport capacity, airport facility utilization, aircraft operations in the airport terminal manoeuvring area as well as aircraft ground operations research. Potential research interests to focus on in the future are the integration between airspace capacity and airport capacity, the establishment of airport information systems to use airport capacity better, and the improvement in flight schedule planning to improve the reliability of schedule implementation. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 115-132 Issue: 1 Volume: 22 Year: 2002 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640110074773 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640110074773 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:22:y:2002:i:1:p:115-132 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Banister Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Banister Title: Editorial Introduction Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 133-133 Issue: 2 Volume: 22 Year: 2002 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640210126161 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640210126161 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:22:y:2002:i:2:p:133-133 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Metz Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Metz Title: Limitations of transport policy Abstract: There is an implication in the notion of 'transport policy' that substantial improvements could be made to the transport system given sufficient ingenuity, investment and good will. This paper argues that such policy aspirations cannot cope with the desire for ever-increasing mobility, a deep and powerful force in modern society. In densely populated countries there is no possibility of meeting the demand for unconstrained movement through construction of additional transport infrastructure, since new and longer journeys would quickly fill the extra capacity until the congestion equilibrium is re-established. What limits mobility in practice is the time individuals have available for travel, time which is equitably distributed. Transport plans need to acknowledge this time constraint as fundamental, and accordingly be realistically modest about what is achievable. It is an illusion that the transport system could be substantially more efficient whilst remaining equitable. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 134-145 Issue: 2 Volume: 22 Year: 2002 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640210121788 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640210121788 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:22:y:2002:i:2:p:134-145 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jonathan Cowie Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan Author-X-Name-Last: Cowie Title: Acquisition, efficiency and scale economies: An analysis of the British bus industry Abstract: The British Bus industry has undergone considerable transformation since privatization. Five major operators have emerged to dominate the market, a position almost exclusively attained through acquisition. This paper reviews the economies of scale argument commonly cited for this change and gives an overview of the acquisition process. It questions whether this argument gives a complete explanation for this industry development. For 58 individual companies, the level of technical efficiency attributable to firms operating at or near the optimum level of output is examined over 5 years to determine if mergers in practice have resulted in scale economies. Technical efficiency is estimated using data envelopment analysis, under assumptions of constant and variable returns to scale. Efficiency scores are then regressed on a time trend and a merger dummy to test whether acquired firms' efficiency has significantly improved above the average. It was found that over the period, efficiency had improved. This improvement, however, cannot be wholly attributed to the achievement of economies of scale. More specifically, there has been an improvement in the internal efficiency of acquired firms and some scale economies within group companies, the latter of which may have resulted from the eradication of competition. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 147-157 Issue: 2 Volume: 22 Year: 2002 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416400110076267 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416400110076267 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:22:y:2002:i:2:p:147-157 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ruhe Xie Author-X-Name-First: Ruhe Author-X-Name-Last: Xie Author-Name: Haibo Chen Author-X-Name-First: Haibo Author-X-Name-Last: Chen Author-Name: Chris Nash Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Nash Title: Migration of railway freight transport from command economy to market economy: The case of China Abstract: In recent years, Chinese railway freight transport has been facing great challenges from transport market reformation and economic expansion. Although the total volume of railway freight has been increasing, its market share has decreased greatly, especially at the beginning of migration from command economy to market economy. This paper considers four aspects believed to be responsible for the loss of the railway freight market share. First, we review the history and current situation of the Chinese railway freight transport and study the relationship between economic development and freight transport in China. Second, the causes resulting in the loss of the market share of railway freight are analysed in detail. Third, the current measures taken by Chinese Railways (CR) to restore its competitiveness are discussed. The effects of these measures on railway traffic volume, market share and productivity are also studied. Finally, the way forward for the future of CR is discussed. It is concluded that CR has not yet adapted sufficiently to new economic conditions, although in recent years progress has been made. Further reform will be needed. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 159-177 Issue: 2 Volume: 22 Year: 2002 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640110090973 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640110090973 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:22:y:2002:i:2:p:159-177 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John Golias Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Golias Author-Name: George Yannis Author-X-Name-First: George Author-X-Name-Last: Yannis Author-Name: Constantinos Antoniou Author-X-Name-First: Constantinos Author-X-Name-Last: Antoniou Title: Classification of driver-assistance systems according to their impact on road safety and traffic efficiency Abstract: The aim was to examine driver-assistance systems that seem to have a considerable potential for road safety and traffic efficiency improvement, and to propose an impact-oriented classification of these systems. A broad overview of a series of driver-assistance systems under development or in some cases already available is presented and it identifies the basic characteristics of each system and its expected impact on traffic efficiency and road safety. The latter is assessed on the basis of appropriate evaluation criteria. Expert judgement and literature evidence available are used in this context. This impact approach, in contrast with the usually adopted user or system-oriented approaches, allows for more appropriate identification of the priorities in the field of future research, development and promotion of driver-assistance systems. The proposed classification allocates the driver-assistance systems in four different categories on the basis of whether traffic efficiency and safety impact are high or low. This categorization reveals that 40% of the systems considered are expected to have a high safety and low traffic-efficiency impact, while only 15% is expected to have both impacts high. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 179-196 Issue: 2 Volume: 22 Year: 2002 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640110091215 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640110091215 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:22:y:2002:i:2:p:179-196 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Juan Antonio Carrasco Author-X-Name-First: Juan Antonio Author-X-Name-Last: Carrasco Author-Name: Juan de Dios Ortúzar Author-X-Name-First: Juan Author-X-Name-Last: de Dios Ortúzar Title: Review and assessment of the nested logit model Abstract: The popular hierarchical or nested logit model that has been the recent source of heated discussions in the literature is reviewed and critically examined. The fundamental underpinnings of the model are first presented in a concise and easy-to-understand fashion and then used to assess each controversy in turn. Monte Carlo simulation is also used to examine some problems that are not possible to address by just resorting to the theory. The main conclusion is that all the model hypotheses are both essential and unambiguous and should not be ignored for a correct use of the model in practice. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 197-218 Issue: 2 Volume: 22 Year: 2002 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640110091224 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640110091224 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:22:y:2002:i:2:p:197-218 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Becky P. Y. Loo Author-X-Name-First: Becky P. Y. Author-X-Name-Last: Loo Author-Name: Brian Hook Author-X-Name-First: Brian Author-X-Name-Last: Hook Title: Interplay of international, national and local factors in shaping container port development: A case study of Hong Kong Abstract: The paper attempts to develop a better understanding of the evolution and future prospects of a container port by drawing on the changing international, national and local factors since the 1990s. Hong Kong, the world's busiest container port, is chosen as a case study. Against the background of four international megatrends of increasingly large containerships (and the restructuring of the liner shipping industry), the high spatial agglomeration of container traffic, the emergence of inland load centres and the growing importance of railways, the levels and the spatial dimensions of containerization in the People's Republic of China are systematically examined. Then, the relevancy of these factors in shaping the evolution and competitive position of Hong Kong's container port is highlighted at the local level. This paper finds that the changing policies of the Hong Kong government have not been consistent with the international and national trends associated with the development of a better integrated port - inland distribution system (and land bridges) based on road and railways. Market forces cannot explain the container port development satisfactorily. Political and other considerations have become equally, if not more, important. In the future, the competitive edge of Hong Kong's container port lies with serving the wider inland areas of Mainland China and the tapping of medium- and long-distance container freight, more economically transported by railways than by road or inland river. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 219-245 Issue: 2 Volume: 22 Year: 2002 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640110091486 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640110091486 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:22:y:2002:i:2:p:219-245 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jan Peter Van Der Veer Author-X-Name-First: Jan Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Van Der Veer Title: Entry deterrence and quality provision in the local bus market Abstract: In a deregulated bus market, incumbent operators often seek to deter entry by setting frequency levels to avoid leaving profitable gaps. The consequences of this action have been analysed using a simulation model of a hypothetical incumbent bus operator vulnerable to entry. The model features two dimensions of quality: a 'horizontal' frequency dimension and a 'vertical' quality dimension. It is examined whether, from a social point of view, such entry deterrence strategies lead to oversupply in the horizontal frequency dimension; what the consequences of this are for the supply of vertical aspects of quality; and what the impact of regulation and quality/output related subsidies would be. The results suggest that an incumbent operator will indeed oversupply in the frequency dimension to deter entry. It undersupplies in the quality dimension, though, but supplies more quality than would have been done in the absence of an entry threat. Quality regulation and quality subsidies can lead to modest welfare gains, but nowhere near those that can be achieved using price regulation or output subsidies. If paying subsidies results in further oversupply of bus miles, the welfare effects of the subsidies may be limited or even negative. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 247-265 Issue: 3 Volume: 22 Year: 2002 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640110115092 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640110115092 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:22:y:2002:i:3:p:247-265 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rodrigo Fernandez Author-X-Name-First: Rodrigo Author-X-Name-Last: Fernandez Author-Name: Rosemarie Planzer Author-X-Name-First: Rosemarie Author-X-Name-Last: Planzer Title: On the capacity of bus transit systems Abstract: This paper examines the transit capacity problem of bus-based systems. First, it defines the problem of transit operations along a route. This raises the importance of stops on transit capacity and why the analysis and design of stops should be considered in bus traffic schemes. Next, the paper explains the concept of transfer capacity and reviews the work to date on modelling the capacity of stops. Current as well as novel approaches are considered and their advantages and limitations are discussed. Special attention is devoted to a new simulation model of transfer operations at stops. From that approach, the paper concludes with some examples of capacities of various transit systems and design recommendations for bus transit stations. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 267-293 Issue: 3 Volume: 22 Year: 2002 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640110106328 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640110106328 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:22:y:2002:i:3:p:267-293 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Parviz A. Koushki Author-X-Name-First: Parviz A. Author-X-Name-Last: Koushki Author-Name: Mohammed A. Ali Author-X-Name-First: Mohammed A. Author-X-Name-Last: Ali Author-Name: Bapatla P. Chandrasekhar Author-X-Name-First: Bapatla P. Author-X-Name-Last: Chandrasekhar Author-Name: Mohammad Al-Sarawi Author-X-Name-First: Mohammad Author-X-Name-Last: Al-Sarawi Title: Exposure to noise inside transit buses in Kuwait: Measurements and passenger attitudes Abstract: Noise levels were measured, for the first time, inside 115 randomly selected transit buses, operating on 12 sample representative routes in Metropolitan Kuwait. Simultaneously with the monitoring of noise levels, the attitudes of 679 riders concerning the annoyance and long-term health impacts of noise were also surveyed. The noise and passenger attitude data were collected over 10 months (March - December 2000). The percentile distribution, equivalent noise level, traffic noise index and noise pollution levels inside four types of transit buses are presented. Riders' perceived annoyance and awareness of the long-term health impacts of noise were also determined and are discussed. The level of service and performance deficiencies of the public transit system in Kuwait, as perceived by its passengers, are also identified. A number of recommendations end the paper. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 295-308 Issue: 3 Volume: 22 Year: 2002 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640110103914 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640110103914 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:22:y:2002:i:3:p:295-308 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John Zacharias Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Zacharias Title: Bicycle in Shanghai: Movement patterns, cyclist attitudes and the impact of traffic separation Abstract: Transportation demand continues to grow at an even faster rate than the economies of Chinese cities, placing increasing pressure on a limited road network. In certain cities of the more highly developed coastal plains, the bicycle assumed a dominant role in urban transport in the 1980s, a position maintained in the 1990s. In Shanghai, the bicycle continues to play a dominant role, although policies favour a switch to public transport. In the present paper, cyclist attitudes toward public transport policies were probed with a pilot questionnaire at two important central destinations. An important example of current policies with regard to bicycles involves the creation of separate networks for motorized and non-motorized modes. A pilot scheme for eventual application over a very large area was recently introduced in the central area. We report on the traffic volumes by mode and street before and after its implementation in 1999. Both bicycle and car volumes diminished in the central area, although the decrease was greater for bicycles. On the other hand, interviewed cyclists expressed resistance to various incentives to use public transport. The question raised here is whether the planned increase in public transport share of total intracity travel can be achieved without disincentives to use the bicycle. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 309-322 Issue: 3 Volume: 22 Year: 2002 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640110103905 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640110103905 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:22:y:2002:i:3:p:309-322 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mirko C. A. Schnell Author-X-Name-First: Mirko C. A. Author-X-Name-Last: Schnell Title: Competition for the German regional rail passenger market 5 years after regionalization Abstract: The paper investigates the competition for regional passenger rail services in Germany from 1996 to 2000 by using data mainly provided by regional authorities. It analyses data on the level of network characteristics, contract life, the Länder (i.e. regions), competitive placing procedures, and their winners as well as achieved cost and services improvements. It finds that with competition being rare, the amount of competitively placed services declined until recently. Only about half of the regional authorities gained experience with competitive placings, which points at the expertise deficit of these bodies. A diverse picture on competitive placings' characteristics such as network size and contract life appears. State-owned carrier DB AG remains the dominant player as it could win the majority of the competitively procured services. Private companies have played a minor role in the game up to now. Accomplished reduction of subsidies and improved service quality respectively provide an indication of the potential for enhancing efficiency in this market. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 323-334 Issue: 3 Volume: 22 Year: 2002 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640110096607 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640110096607 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:22:y:2002:i:3:p:323-334 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David A. Hensher Author-X-Name-First: David A. Author-X-Name-Last: Hensher Author-Name: Olav Hauge Author-X-Name-First: Olav Author-X-Name-Last: Hauge Title: Competition and ownership in land passenger transport: The 7th International Conference Abstract: This is the fourth time that Transport Reviews has published a summary of the workshop sessions from the Thredbo Conference. The intention is to disseminate more widely the main findings and conclusions from these sessions at this important international conference. Interested readers are also encouraged to view the full papers presented at the Institute of Transport Studies, University of Sydney website. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 335-370 Issue: 3 Volume: 22 Year: 2002 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640110103662 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640110103662 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:22:y:2002:i:3:p:335-370 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roger L. MacKett Author-X-Name-First: Roger L. Author-X-Name-Last: MacKett Title: Comments on 'The limitations of transport policy' Abstract: This paper has been written as a response to the paper of Metz (2002) on 'The limitations of transport policy'. It is argued that the issues involved are more complex than Metz implies, and that many current travel patterns stem from decisions made previously about lifestyles, as a result of changing patterns of work, the availability of home-computing facilities, and increasing aspirations and income. Neither the models nor the data sources available to transport planners reflect these trends, and transport policy tends to be simplistic. Many of the transport policy issues stem from increasing car dependency, with its implications, particularly for the elderly and for the young. It is argued that transport policy has not been very effective in the past, and it is likely to be even less so in the future. Hence, there is a need to redefine the role of the transport planner and recognize the limitations of transport policy. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 371-380 Issue: 3 Volume: 22 Year: 2002 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640210148914 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640210148914 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:22:y:2002:i:3:p:371-380 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David A. Hensher Author-X-Name-First: David A. Author-X-Name-Last: Hensher Author-Name: Ann M. Brewer Author-X-Name-First: Ann M. Author-X-Name-Last: Brewer Title: Going for gold at the Sydney Olympics: How did transport perform? Abstract: The Sydney Olympics held in September 2000 provided an opportunity to monitor the planning of transport provision for the world's greatest sporting spectacular. As the single largest major event, the pressures on a city's transport system are enormous, as witnessed by the previous Games in Atlanta and Barcelona. This paper takes a value-chain approach to assess transport performance as a crucial element in the delivery of the Sydney Olympic Games. We begin with a brief overview of strategic value, highlighting some generic aspects of value chains followed by the transport delivery system that came to the fore as significant 'drivers' in the value chain. This is followed by a summary of the effectiveness of the buses, trains, taxis, roads and the airport. A more detailed look is provided of the private bus sector where the problems leading up the opening of the Games received a great deal of media attention. The paper concludes with two stories, one good, one not so good, about transport and the Olympic Games. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 381-399 Issue: 4 Volume: 22 Year: 2002 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640110121112 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640110121112 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:22:y:2002:i:4:p:381-399 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Photis M. Panayides Author-X-Name-First: Photis M. Author-X-Name-Last: Panayides Title: Economic organization of intermodal transport Abstract: The paper considers in detail strategic changes occurring in the organizational context of intermodal transportation and discusses the application of economic approaches (primarily transaction-cost economics) for assessing the effectiveness of the appropriate governance structure in organizing the intermodal transport economic system. The paper reviews the developments in intermodal transportation, particularly in the context of logistics and supply chain management, and recognizes the trend for the formation of one-stop shopping megacarriers spurred by deregulation and market requirements. This culminates in the need to consider how companies should organize the economic governance of the intermodal transport system. The main governance structures include market (subcontracting) or hierarchy (internal organization). The transaction-cost economics approach is reviewed and applied at a conceptual level to provide the core basis upon which the assessment of the optimal governance structure in intermodal transport can be based. The review of the core economic principles indicates that the governance structure in intermodal transport is dependent on transaction costs, production costs and strategic considerations that a particular structure might entail and the policy implications thereof. The potential for empirical research in the application of the transaction-cost economics approach to intermodal transport is discussed and detailed direction for further empirical research is provided as well as discussion of policy implications particularly with respect to competition and antitrust. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 401-414 Issue: 4 Volume: 22 Year: 2002 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640210124523 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640210124523 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:22:y:2002:i:4:p:401-414 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ela Babalik-Sutcliffe Author-X-Name-First: Ela Author-X-Name-Last: Babalik-Sutcliffe Title: Urban rail systems: Analysis of the factors behind success Abstract: Investment in urban rail systems has increased rapidly over the past decades. While there have been some successful systems, a significant number have failed to be as successful as expected in improving public transport and urban environment. These experiences have led to a considerable debate in the literature about the effectiveness of new urban rail systems and whether it is worthwhile investing in them. While these debates continue, political support for metros, and particularly light rail systems, is still strong, and investment in them is very likely to continue. Hence, it is extremely important to understand the factors that make these systems successful. The paper presents the findings of a research aimed at identifying these factors based on the analysis of eight new urban rail systems: four in the USA, three in the UK and one in Canada. The paper presents the results of the performance analysis of the case studies as well as a detailed analysis of the factors that affected the performance of each system. Based on the case study analysis, a comprehensive list of factors that make urban rail systems successful is presented. The analysis also facilitates a comparison between the experiences of the three countries, and focuses on the effects of different operating environments and different planning approaches on the performance of urban rail systems. The paper concludes with a comparison of the findings of this research to those of previous studies. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 415-447 Issue: 4 Volume: 22 Year: 2002 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640210124875 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640210124875 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:22:y:2002:i:4:p:415-447 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Caroline A. Rodenburg Author-X-Name-First: Caroline A. Author-X-Name-Last: Rodenburg Author-Name: Barry Ubbels Author-X-Name-First: Barry Author-X-Name-Last: Ubbels Author-Name: Peter Nijkamp Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Nijkamp Title: Policy scenarios for achieving sustainable transportation in Europe Abstract: The relationship between globalization and transport volumes is complex because of many causes. Rising incomes, more leisure time, new technologies and the ageing of the population are just a few examples of trends that will influence the future development of the transport sector in terms of both passenger and freight transport. This means that the future of the transport sector is characterized by uncertainty. The aim of this paper is to map out the possible impacts of current globalization trends on the European transport sector in terms of transport flows and carbon dioxide emissions by means of a novel multilayer assessment model. By applying a scenario approach and designing four contrasting development paths seen from a European perspective, the alternative futures of the sector are assessed in terms of transport volumes and emissions. The empirical findings appear to result almost everywhere in a (strong) growth of transport and emissions. Hence, the intriguing research question is now whether the introduction of specific environmentally benign policies in Europe could change this development. Consequently, the paper confronts the foreseen EU objectives with current policies, as creating sustainable mobility is a key element in EU transport policy. Our findings indicate, however, that the achievement of sustainable mobility is rather problematic. Effective policy implementation and (as yet uncertain) new technology developments may offer new opportunities to achieve a more balanced development of the transport sector. However, in most cases, only a combination of strict environmental policies (including transport policy) and a fundamental change of lifestyles in the mobile society is likely to lead to a decrease in carbon dioxide emissions in the next 20 years. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 449-472 Issue: 4 Volume: 22 Year: 2002 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640210129384 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640210129384 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:22:y:2002:i:4:p:449-472 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kai-Chieh Chia Author-X-Name-First: Kai-Chieh Author-X-Name-Last: Chia Author-Name: Cheng-Min Feng Author-X-Name-First: Cheng-Min Author-X-Name-Last: Feng Title: Survey analysis of supply chain adjustment for Taiwanese information technology firms Abstract: Owing to the globalization of industry, the explosion in customer services and product life-cycle compression, most manufacturers have been adjusting the processes and activities of their supply chains to remain competitive and optimize total profit. The aim here was to explore the issues surrounding the changes in manufacturing supply chains and the consequential impact on freight transport demand. A questionnaire to survey Taiwanese information technology (IT) firms was designed and conducted to chart in detail the changes in supply chains of manufacturers, the trends in the international division of labour, and the strategic adjustment of manufacturing and logistics strategies. Surveys and interviews led to the conclusions that (1) vertical integration and international division of labour are very conspicuous among Taiwanese IT firms, (2) there are different strategies of supply chain adjustment at various stages of the product life-cycle, (3) with the transformation of the supply chain, manufacturers require faster transport services, i.e. the demand for air transport may increase and the demand for sea transport may decrease, and (4) once the firms decide on foreign investment, the availability of international transport services becomes one of the considerations for factory offshore relocation. However, transport cost is not a major consideration for firms' supply chain adjustments. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 473-497 Issue: 4 Volume: 22 Year: 2002 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640210134513 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640210134513 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:22:y:2002:i:4:p:473-497 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: W. T. Wong Author-X-Name-First: W. T. Author-X-Name-Last: Wong Author-Name: S. C. Wong Author-X-Name-First: S. C. Author-X-Name-Last: Wong Author-Name: C. O. Tong Author-X-Name-First: C. O. Author-X-Name-Last: Tong Title: Sheared delay formulae for the TRANSYT traffic model: A review and calibration Abstract: The paper summarizes the general theory of sheared curves and gives a general expression for these curves. The use of sheared delay formulae in different versions of TRANSYT, a well-known procedure for area traffic control, is reviewed. A new set of sheared formulae for the TRANSYT traffic model to estimate random-and-oversaturation queues and delays has recently been proposed that opens the way to extend the TRANSYT program to solve time-dependent problems. However, the choice of the key parameter in the sheared formulae remains an open question that needs further investigation. In this paper, the key parameter is calibrated by means of a well-known microscopic simulation package, NETSIM, which was validated for a medium-sized signal-controlled network in Hong Kong. Useful results were obtained. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 1-20 Issue: 1 Volume: 23 Year: 2003 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640309897 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640309897 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:23:y:2003:i:1:p:1-20 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sharon Cullinane Author-X-Name-First: Sharon Author-X-Name-Last: Cullinane Title: Attitudes of Hong Kong residents to cars and public transport: Some policy implications Abstract: Hong Kong currently has low levels of car ownership and use due to a combination of good public transport, high population densities and high private transport costs. However, levels are rising, contributing to congestion and environmental problems. A major response by the government is to seek to increase rail's share of public transport journeys from its current level of 33% to 45% by 2016. After reviewing the transport situation in Hong Kong, the paper discusses the appropriateness of these targets as well as questioning whether they are achievable. The results of a questionnaire survey of 595 residents of Hong Kong, designed to elicit people's attitudes to cars and public transport, are analysed. It is concluded that unless the government does more to curb car ownership and use, rail targets will have little chance of being achieved. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 21-34 Issue: 1 Volume: 23 Year: 2003 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640309900 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640309900 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:23:y:2003:i:1:p:21-34 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Giuseppe Scannella Author-X-Name-First: Giuseppe Author-X-Name-Last: Scannella Author-Name: Michel Beuthe Author-X-Name-First: Michel Author-X-Name-Last: Beuthe Title: Valuation of road projects with uncertain outcomes Abstract: This is a practical implementation of a multicriteria methodology developed to assess the risk involved in investment or policy projects. It is based on the specification of a non-linear, but piecewise linear, additive utility function, where the partial utility functions are specified as recursive exponential functions of only one curvature parameter. This allows for a reduction of the quantity of information necessary to build the utility function in a context of uncertainty. It is introduced in an aggregation model whereby the partial utility functions are built separately through a specific questioning process. The methodology is applied to the selection of road infrastructure projects of the Walloon Region in Belgium with several experts and civil servants from the Transport Ministry whose individual utility functions are derived. Software called MUSTARD is used, which stepwise and interactively helps the decision-makers to formulate the problem, build the criteria's distributions and state their preferences. The projects are ranked according to their rate of return computed on the basis of the projects' certain equivalent money values. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 35-50 Issue: 1 Volume: 23 Year: 2003 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640309896 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640309896 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:23:y:2003:i:1:p:35-50 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Bouyekhf Author-X-Name-First: R. Author-X-Name-Last: Bouyekhf Author-Name: A. Abbas-Turki Author-X-Name-First: A. Author-X-Name-Last: Abbas-Turki Author-Name: O. Grunder Author-X-Name-First: O. Author-X-Name-Last: Grunder Author-Name: A. El Moudni Author-X-Name-First: A. Author-X-Name-Last: El Moudni Title: Modelling, performance evaluation and planning of public transport systems using generalized stochastic Petri nets Abstract: Owing to the tremendous size of public transportation systems, the design process of routes and timetables follows a stringent order. Centred on hub-based networks, this paper deals with two important phases of this process: the computation of the core line frequencies and departure times. To provide more reliable connections at a reasonable cost, we use generalized stochastic Petri nets. As a result, several improvements of the hub-based network scheduling are detailed. It is shown that the Petri net modelling is a powerful technique used to study the public transport systems performance (passenger waiting times) by comparing our results with deterministic ones. Finally, an application to a real size public transportation system is given to illustrate the results. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 51-69 Issue: 1 Volume: 23 Year: 2003 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640309898 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640309898 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:23:y:2003:i:1:p:51-69 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bent Flyvbjerg Author-X-Name-First: Bent Author-X-Name-Last: Flyvbjerg Author-Name: Mette K. Skamris holm Author-X-Name-First: Mette K. Author-X-Name-Last: Skamris holm Author-Name: Søren L. Buhl Author-X-Name-First: Søren L. Author-X-Name-Last: Buhl Title: How common and how large are cost overruns in transport infrastructure projects? Abstract: Despite the hundreds of billions of dollars being spent on infrastructure development -- from roads, rail and airports to energy extraction and power networks to the Internet -- surprisingly little reliable knowledge exists about the performance of these investments in terms of actual costs, benefits and risks. This paper presents results from the first statistically significant study of cost performance in transport infrastructure projects. The sample used is the largest of its kind, covering 258 projects in 20 nations worth approximately US$90 billion (constant 1995 prices). The paper shows with overwhelming statistical significance that in terms of costs transport infrastructure projects do not perform as promised. The conclusion is tested for different project types, different geographical regions and different historical periods. Substantial cost escalation is the rule rather than the exception. For rail, average cost escalation is 45% (SD=38), for fixed links (tunnels and bridges) it is 34% (62) and for roads 20% (30). Cost escalation appears a global phenomenon, existing across 20 nations on five continents. Cost estimates have not improved and cost escalation not decreased over the past 70 years. Cost estimates used in decision-making for transport infrastructure development are highly, systematically and significantly misleading. Large cost escalations combined with large standard deviations translate into large financial risks. However, such risks are typically ignored or underplayed in decision-making, to the detriment of social and economic welfare. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 71-88 Issue: 1 Volume: 23 Year: 2003 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640309904 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640309904 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:23:y:2003:i:1:p:71-88 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Stathopoulos Author-X-Name-First: A. Author-X-Name-Last: Stathopoulos Author-Name: T. Tsekeris Author-X-Name-First: T. Author-X-Name-Last: Tsekeris Title: Framework for analysing reliability and information degradation of demand matrices in extended transport networks Abstract: This paper examines a methodological framework for improving the estimation of current and future O-D demand matrices. The problem of O-D matrix estimation is investigated for the case of extended urban transport networks, where the topological complexity and high variability of the prevailing traffic conditions result in the rapid degradation of the information concerning the underlying O-D demand patterns. The paper aims to contribute to the development of a set of analytical tools for interpreting the loss of the resulting O-D matrix reliability and the extent and sources of the information degradation. The suggested framework treats in an appropriate way the short-term systematic variations of prior demand information and, hence, increase the consistency and predictability of the within-day time-dependent O-D matrices. In addition, it takes into account the long-term dynamics underlying the degradation of O-D information by means of equilibrium analysis of the evolving O-D flows over a series of day-of-the-week. In this way, changes in the reliability thresholds of current O-D matrices may be estimated to enhance the predictability of daily demand flows. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 89-103 Issue: 1 Volume: 23 Year: 2003 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640309901 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640309901 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:23:y:2003:i:1:p:89-103 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Kia Author-X-Name-First: M. Author-X-Name-Last: Kia Author-Name: E. Shayan Author-X-Name-First: E. Author-X-Name-Last: Shayan Author-Name: F. Ghotb Author-X-Name-First: F. Author-X-Name-Last: Ghotb Title: Positive impact of distribution centres on the environment Abstract: The transport sector in general, and trucks in particular, generates a significant amount of emissions in Australia. It appears the trend will escalate unless different measures are taken to reduce the reliance of freight transport on trucks. This paper discusses the benefits of distribution centres as a means to reduce road congestion, increase safety, protect the environment by reducing atmospheric pollution and improve freight distribution. It also provides the effective use of the existing rail network and its infrastructure and improves the lead-time as well as lowering the cost of transportation of cargo. It also investigates the positive impact of distribution centres located near to manufacturing and farming production units. A simulation model has been developed and used to help determine the amount of atmospheric pollution produced by two modes of land transport, rail and road, for the movement of containers between port and destination. Results derived from the model provide evidence about a preferred land-transport regime. The paper has two sections: (1) the role of distribution centres in the chain of transport and (2) the impact of distribution centres on the environment. The first section investigates the feasibility of the implementation of distribution centres in the State of Victoria with respect to rail line capacity and location allocation. The second section presents an additional simulation model that investigates the role of a distribution centre in relation to the amount of atmospheric pollution produced by rail and road, while containers are carried between port and destination. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 105-122 Issue: 1 Volume: 23 Year: 2003 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640309902 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640309902 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:23:y:2003:i:1:p:105-122 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Q. Dalvi Author-X-Name-First: M. Q. Author-X-Name-Last: Dalvi Title: Book Review Abstract: Deregulation and Liberalisation of the Airline Industry (Asia, Europe, North America and Oceania) . By DPENDRA SINHA (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2001.) [Pp. 2 + 166.] £39.95 (hardcover). ISBN 1 84014 8357 Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 123-126 Issue: 1 Volume: 23 Year: 2003 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640309899 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640309899 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:23:y:2003:i:1:p:123-126 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Parviz Koushki Author-X-Name-First: Parviz Author-X-Name-Last: Koushki Title: Book review Abstract: Cities for the New Millennium . Edited by MARCIAL ECHENIQUE and ANDREW SAINT (London: E&FN Spon, 2001). [Pp. ix+182.] ISBN 0-415-23183-3 (pbk). Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 126-129 Issue: 1 Volume: 23 Year: 2003 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640309903 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640309903 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:23:y:2003:i:1:p:126-129 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John Howe Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Howe Title: 'Filling the middle': Uganda's appropriate transport services Abstract: Uganda developed bicycle-based passenger and goods transport services in the 1960s. They were complemented by a motorcycle-based version in the 1990s. These have extended the range and capacity of services, known locally as boda boda . Both have spread over the entire country and the bicycle version into neighbouring Kenya. This paper explains the origins of boda boda, the factors conditioning development, its operating characteristics and the problems they face. This analysis is used to examine the benefits boda boda services have brought to the poor. Boda boda operate where more conventional services are uneconomic or physically impossible. They are found in urban and rural areas where they act as feeder services to the towns or major public transport routes. Because of limited capacity and short trips fares per kilometre are two to seven times those of large-capacity buses. Popularity derives from their ability to meet demands other services cannot. While the poorest make only occasional use, due to low incomes and high costs, for many they enhance income by extending the range and intensity of productive activities. Their main impact on the poor is through the employment provided. Operators are drawn from the least educated classes and each supports five dependants. About 1.7 million people, or 7% of the population, receive part of their livelihood from the industry. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 161-176 Issue: 2 Volume: 23 Year: 2003 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640309890 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640309890 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:23:y:2003:i:2:p:161-176 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. F. Bryceson Author-X-Name-First: D. F. Author-X-Name-Last: Bryceson Author-Name: T. C. Mbara Author-X-Name-First: T. C. Author-X-Name-Last: Mbara Author-Name: D. Maunder Author-X-Name-First: D. Author-X-Name-Last: Maunder Title: Livelihoods, daily mobility and poverty in sub-saharan Africa Abstract: Based on research funded by the UK Department for International Development, this paper investigates the utility of a livelihoods approach in identifying the mobility and accessibility needs of the poor. Mobility patterns and livelihoods of stratified samples of households in urban-to-rural corridors originating in the national capital cities of Zimbabwe and Uganda are compared, with emphasis on the poor's position relative to higher income groups. It is found that livelihood work was the most frequent purpose of short-distance travel for all income groups and localities, amounting to 38% of trip purposes in Uganda and 46% in Zimbabwe. On average, Zimbabweans were more mobile making more daily trips over longer distances reflective of greater reliance on motorized transport in the country. Nonetheless, walking dominates modal journeys in both countries. Ugandans display heavier dependence on bicycle and motorcycle transport primarily through taxi hire compared with Zimbabweans' private care and public kombi bus transport. Survey evidence suggests that Uganda's poor and middle-incomed urban and rural residents benefit from more widely available multimodal public transport. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 177-196 Issue: 2 Volume: 23 Year: 2003 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640309891 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640309891 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:23:y:2003:i:2:p:177-196 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Njenga Author-X-Name-First: P. Author-X-Name-Last: Njenga Author-Name: A. Davis Author-X-Name-First: A. Author-X-Name-Last: Davis Title: Drawing the road map to rural poverty reduction Abstract: This paper provides a synopsis of rural transport issues in developing countries and the way in which rural transport can contribute to poverty reduction and the Millennium Development Goals. It begins with an historical overview of the transport sector in the context of rural development, and continues with a summary of the transport needs and constraints of different stakeholders and vulnerable groups. Key transport interventions that address access problems through the development of road infrastructure, transport services and intermediate means of transport are also described, and the paper concludes with a dialogue on the implications for poverty reduction, and recommendations for future research. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 217-241 Issue: 2 Volume: 23 Year: 2003 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640309889 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640309889 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:23:y:2003:i:2:p:217-241 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Metz Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Metz Title: Limitations of transport policy: A rejoinder Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 243-246 Issue: 2 Volume: 23 Year: 2003 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640309888 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640309888 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:23:y:2003:i:2:p:243-246 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Metz Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Metz Title: Transport policy for an ageing population Abstract: Mobility declines with increasing age, reflecting the onset of physical or mental infirmity, affordability of travel for those on retirement incomes, and the mal-design of the transport infrastructure and operational arrangements. With the prospect of a rapidly ageing population, it is important to address measures to promote mobility if the quality of life of older people is to be sustained. In the UK, pensioners on low incomes, who could be hindered in their travel by the cost of fares on public transport, benefit from the general availability of half price (or better) concessionary fares for local travel. A variety of measures are in place to counter the effects of age-associated disabilities that hinder mobility, including low floor buses, subsidised taxis and community transport schemes. The Disability Discrimination Act is ensuring that public services vehicles are accessible to older people with disabilities. The motor car is of increasing importance in later life, particularly for those with disabilities, and a variety of design and technological approaches are being brought to bear to maintain the mobility of older people. These various efforts undoubtedly enhance the mobility of older people. However, beyond that broad conclusion it is hard to make evidencebased judgements. There is therefore a pressing need to develop methods to evaluate developments in policy and practice. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 375-386 Issue: 4 Volume: 23 Year: 2003 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164032000048573 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164032000048573 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:23:y:2003:i:4:p:375-386 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Russ Haywood Author-X-Name-First: Russ Author-X-Name-Last: Haywood Title: Evaluation of the policies in British local transport plans with regard to the promotion of rail freight Abstract: Over the last couple of decades there has been a trend in Western Europe and North America towards making the railway industry more able to compete successfully with road for freight haulage through deregulation and/or structural change. This trend has been drive, partly, by a concern to produce more commercially viable railway industries, but also by concerns to reduce the environmental impacts of road haulage through modal shift. The latter in particular has led to the development of public policies supportive of rail freight, particularly at the national or international levels. This paper reports on qualitative research that analysed public policy aimed at promoting rail freight in Britain but, unusually, the focus was on local rather than national policy. The research was an investigation of the approach of local authorities to the encouragement of rail freight as evidenced through their Local Transport Plans. The paper concludes that in Britain there has been a significant amount of local policymaking for rail freight and that although national policy matters are of overriding importance, the role of local policy is significant and can be developed further. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 387-412 Issue: 4 Volume: 23 Year: 2003 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164032000048294 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164032000048294 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:23:y:2003:i:4:p:387-412 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tomasz Komornicki Author-X-Name-First: Tomasz Author-X-Name-Last: Komornicki Title: Factors of development of car ownership in Poland Abstract: The paper aims (1) to confront the spatial distribution and dynamics of car ownership in Poland with the experiences of the development of private car ownership in other Central and Western European countries; (2) to analyse the phenomenon considered at the regional level, also with respect to its causes and consequences; and (3) to attempt to answer the question whether in the circumstances of the post-socialist countries the development of private car ownership is conditioned by the same factors as those defined in earlier analyses, mainly on the basis of the experiences from developed countries. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 413-431 Issue: 4 Volume: 23 Year: 2003 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2002.10823175 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2002.10823175 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:23:y:2003:i:4:p:413-431 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Javier Asensio Author-X-Name-First: Javier Author-X-Name-Last: Asensio Author-Name: Anna Matas Author-X-Name-First: Anna Author-X-Name-Last: Matas Author-Name: José-Luis Raymond Author-X-Name-First: José-Luis Author-X-Name-Last: Raymond Title: Redistributive effects of subsidies to urban public transport in Spain Abstract: This paper analyses the redistributive effects generated by the subsidization of urban public transport services. We estimate a two-stage model that takes into account both car ownership decisions and expenditure in urban public transport. In this way, we are able to measure the long run effects of income changes. Under the assumption that the user is the final beneficiary of the subsidies, and computing the share of the fare that is subsidized, we measure the progressiveness of the subsidies for different income groups and city sizes. Urban public transport subsidies are shown to be progressive. In larger urban areas this effect is considerably more important than in small ones. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 433-452 Issue: 4 Volume: 23 Year: 2003 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2002.10823176 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2002.10823176 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:23:y:2003:i:4:p:433-452 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sergio Jara-Díaz Author-X-Name-First: Sergio Author-X-Name-Last: Jara-Díaz Author-Name: Antonio Gschwender Author-X-Name-First: Antonio Author-X-Name-Last: Gschwender Title: Towards a general microeconomic model for the operation of public transport Abstract: After Vickrey's view, Mohring constructed a microeconomic model to determine the optimal frequency of buses serving a corridor with fixed demand. The main result was that frequency should be proportional to the square root of demand. The role of users' costs was shown to be crucial. This approach has evolved over the past decades, improving our understanding of public transport operations. This paper describes and analyses the evolution of microeconomic models for the analysis of public transport services with parametric demand, leading towards a more comprehensive one. An in-depth review of all the contributions in the academic literature is presented, emphasizing both the treatment of variables and the form of the results mostly in terms of frequency and fleet size. A series of partial new elements is also identified. An extension of Jansson's model for a single period is developed analytically, including the effect of vehicle size on operating costs and the influence of crowding on the value of time. Numerical simulations are used for comparison and analysis. A general model is then proposed where bus operations are optimized accounting for a number of simultaneous relations. Finally, the different models are discussed and compared. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 453-469 Issue: 4 Volume: 23 Year: 2003 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164032000048922 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164032000048922 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:23:y:2003:i:4:p:453-469 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: CATHARINUS F. JAARSMA Author-X-Name-First: CATHARINUS F. Author-X-Name-Last: JAARSMA Author-Name: HEIN BOTMA Author-X-Name-First: HEIN Author-X-Name-Last: BOTMA Author-Name: RONALD G. H. VAN ARK Author-X-Name-First: RONALD G. H. Author-X-Name-Last: VAN ARK Author-Name: GEERT P.A. WILLEMS Author-X-Name-First: GEERT P.A. Author-X-Name-Last: WILLEMS Title: Agricultural vehicles and sustainable safe road traffic: solving conflicts on arterial highways Abstract: Addressing the issues of traffic safety in rural areas presents a constant challenge. The mix of light and heavy vehicles and the considerable differences in speed among these traffic participants result in high risks and delays for the faster vehicles. Agricultural vehicles (AVs) in particular have such an impact on traffic, especially when using arterial highways. This paper reviews the problems of safety and delays that AVs cause on arterial highways, and the appropriate mitigation. The concept of 'sustainable safety' in The Netherlands focuses on these problems, because of the proposed construction of parallel roads alongside all arterial highways. However, Dutch accident statistics cannot justify the high costs for the construction of parallel roads alongside 7000 km of arterial highways. Delays experienced by fast traffic are another reason for separating AVs from other road users with parallel roads. Alternative measures alongside the arterial highway, such as passing bays, restricting AVs to travelling at off-peak only and improving the conspicuity of the AVs, may be more cost-effective ways of reducing delays and/or improving traffic safety on arterial highways. Another solution may be to eliminate the need for AVs to use the arterial highway by altering their routes. For this purpose, land reallocation projects (as practised in Holland) can provide a useful tool. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 471-488 Issue: 4 Volume: 23 Year: 2003 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164022000022741 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164022000022741 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:23:y:2003:i:4:p:471-488 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eiichi Taniguchi Author-X-Name-First: Eiichi Author-X-Name-Last: Taniguchi Author-Name: Russell G. Thompson Author-X-Name-First: Russell G. Author-X-Name-Last: Thompson Author-Name: Tadashi Yamada Author-X-Name-First: Tadashi Author-X-Name-Last: Yamada Title: Predicting the effects of city logistics schemes Abstract: City logistics aims globally to optimize logistics systems within an urban area by considering the costs and benefits of schemes to the public and private sectors alike. Private shippers and freight operators aim to reduce their freight costs, while the community attempts to alleviate traffic congestion and environmental problems. City logistics initiatives attempt to minimize the total costs of freight movement within urban areas. Schemes for reducing the environmental and social costs as well as the economic costs are sought. This paper describes the development and application of mathematical computer-based models that have been used in the planning and evaluation of city logistics schemes. A detailed description of several modelling approaches that have been developed to predict the effects of specific city logistics schemes is presented. Integrated modelling approaches that combine both optimization and simulation, such as dynamic flow simulation and multi-agent systems, allow the effects of city logistics schemes to be predicted. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 489-515 Issue: 4 Volume: 23 Year: 2003 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640210163999 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640210163999 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:23:y:2003:i:4:p:489-515 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: BENT FLYVBJERG Author-X-Name-First: BENT Author-X-Name-Last: FLYVBJERG Author-Name: METTE K. SKAMRIS HOLM Author-X-Name-First: METTE K. Author-X-Name-Last: SKAMRIS HOLM Author-Name: SØREN L. BUHL Author-X-Name-First: SØREN L. Author-X-Name-Last: BUHL Title: What Causes Cost Overrun in Transport Infrastructure Projects? Abstract: Results from the first statistically significant study of the causes of cost escalation in transport infrastructure projects are presented. The study is based on a sample of 258 rail, bridge, tunnel and road projects worth US$90 billion. The focus is on the dependence of cost escalation on: (1) the length of the project‐implementation phase, (2) the size of the project and (3) the type of project ownership. First, it was found, with very high statistical significance, that cost escalation was strongly dependent on the length of the implementation phase. The policy implications are clear: decision‐makers and planners should be highly concerned about delays and long implementation phases because they translate into risks of substantial cost escalations. Second, projects have grown larger over time, and for bridges and tunnels larger projects have larger percentage cost escalations. Finally, by comparing the cost escalation for three types of project ownership—private, state‐owned enterprise and other public ownership—it was shown that the oft‐seen claim that public ownership is problematic and private ownership effective in curbing cost escalation is an oversimplification. The type of accountability appears to matter more to cost escalation than type of ownership. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 3-18 Issue: 1 Volume: 24 Year: 2003 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164032000080494a File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164032000080494a File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:24:y:2003:i:1:p:3-18 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: ZBIGNIEW TAYLOR Author-X-Name-First: ZBIGNIEW Author-X-Name-Last: TAYLOR Title: Recent Changes in Polish Transport Policy Abstract: Poland is an interesting example of a country whose transport policy is under radical modification. The operation of changing policy configuration is in accordance with economic transformation, namely from centrally planned to marketoriented economics. This paper reviews (1) the criticism of the former transport White Paper, Polityka transportowa; (2) major parliamentary documents qualifying the present approach to transport; (3) the new and completely revised approach to restructuring and privatization of railways; (4) changes in the programme of motorway construction; (5) other legislative changes in road transport; (6) ownership transformation in Polish Airlines LOT and liberalization of air‐borne traffic in Europe; and (7) changes in maritime shipping. One aspect of the Polish transport policy is that the state has almost withdrawn from urban level policy development. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 19-32 Issue: 1 Volume: 24 Year: 2002 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416402200028817 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416402200028817 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:24:y:2002:i:1:p:19-32 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: KEVIN CULLINANE Author-X-Name-First: KEVIN Author-X-Name-Last: CULLINANE Author-Name: WANG TENG FEI Author-X-Name-First: WANG TENG Author-X-Name-Last: FEI Author-Name: SHARON CULLINANE Author-X-Name-First: SHARON Author-X-Name-Last: CULLINANE Title: Container Terminal Development in Mainland China and Its Impact on the Competitiveness of the Port of Hong Kong Abstract: In recent years, China's container ports have experienced a significant expansion in throughput and capacity. This paper provides a review of the sector and analyses the recent development of container ports and terminals within Mainland China. It then focuses in more depth on the competition between the ports of Shenzhen and Hong Kong. In particular, the port of Shenzhen is analysed in the context of Robinson's criteria for hub port development to try to discern whether it will become the dominant regional hub. The discussion concludes that despite Shenzhen's current competitive advantages, Hong Kong will, in all probability, retain its dominant role. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 33-56 Issue: 1 Volume: 24 Year: 2002 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164032000122334 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164032000122334 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:24:y:2002:i:1:p:33-56 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: CHRISTIAN AMBROSINI Author-X-Name-First: CHRISTIAN Author-X-Name-Last: AMBROSINI Author-Name: JEAN‐LOUIS ROUTHIER Author-X-Name-First: JEAN‐LOUIS Author-X-Name-Last: ROUTHIER Title: Objectives, Methods and Results of Surveys Carried out in the Field of Urban Freight Transport: An International Comparison Abstract: In industrialized countries, the number of studies and surveys in the field of urban goods movement (UGM) has increased considerably over recent years. This paper compares the objectives, methods and results in this sector and focuses on nine industrialized countries of Europe, America and Asia. This non‐extensive review shows that in spite of different framework methods and models, similar trends emerge at the economic and environmental levels. It is necessary to take into account urban logistics in the broadest meaning of the term. Cooperative action seems to bear fruit providing that information and dialogue take place in the long‐term with all the operators involved. The development of intelligent transport systems (ITS) and better management of urban facilities may improve these attempts. We present our viewpoint in order to shed light on research oriented towards the sustainable management of urban logistics. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 57-77 Issue: 1 Volume: 24 Year: 2002 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164032000122343 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164032000122343 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:24:y:2002:i:1:p:57-77 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. D. MAY Author-X-Name-First: A. D. Author-X-Name-Last: MAY Title: Singapore: The Development of a World Class Transport System Abstract: Singapore's Land Transport Authority, formed in 1995, set itself a mission of producing a world class transport system. This paper assesses the extent to which this goal is being achieved. It outlines the structure within which transport decisions are taken and indicates the freedom this gives to develop integrated transport and land‐use strategies. It demonstrates the long‐term stability in transport strategy from 1972 onwards, and the key contributions to that strategy of land‐use controls and travel‐demand management measures. The individual elements of the strategy are then reviewed and innovations identified in demand management, public transport service provision and information technology. Finally, the key attributes that have led to the success of the strategy are identified, and it is suggested that many of these are transferable to other cities of the developed world. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 79-101 Issue: 1 Volume: 24 Year: 2003 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164032000068984 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164032000068984 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:24:y:2003:i:1:p:79-101 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: GERARD DE JONG Author-X-Name-First: GERARD Author-X-Name-Last: DE JONG Author-Name: HUGH GUNN Author-X-Name-First: HUGH Author-X-Name-Last: GUNN Author-Name: WARREN WALKER Author-X-Name-First: WARREN Author-X-Name-Last: WALKER Title: National and International Freight Transport Models: An Overview and Ideas for Future Development Abstract: This paper contains a review of the literature on freight transport models, focusing on the types of models that have been developed since the 1990s for forecasting, policy simulation and project evaluation at the national and international levels. Models for production, attraction, distribution, modal split and assignment are discussed. Furthermore, a number of ideas for future development, especially for the regional and urban components within national freight transport models, are included. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 103-124 Issue: 1 Volume: 24 Year: 2003 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164032000080494 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164032000080494 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:24:y:2003:i:1:p:103-124 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. MAJUMDAR Author-X-Name-First: A. Author-X-Name-Last: MAJUMDAR Author-Name: W. OCHIENG Author-X-Name-First: W. Author-X-Name-Last: OCHIENG Title: From ‘Our Air Is Not for Sale’ to ‘Airtrack’: The Part Privatization of the UK's Airspac Abstract: Air traffic in the UK has increased rapidly in the past two decades and is forecast to grow at a rate of 4.3% per annum between 1998 and 2020. The failure to develop the air traffic system in order to cope with this growth has had undesirable consequences, e.g. a rise in flight delays and near misses. Given the investment required in air traffic control systems to cater for this growth, the UK government in 2000 part privatized the National Air Traffic Services (NATS), the body in charge of the UK's airspace in a public--private partnership (PPP). The UK Airline Group acquired 46% of NATS and effective operational control, though the government retains a share in NATS and safety regulation is in the public sector. However, serious doubts about safety were raised during the debate on the PPP. Similar moves towards a commercial operation (i.e. corporatization) of air navigation services have been made in New Zealand and Canada over the past decade and these provide useful insights into the results of the corporatization process. This paper analyses the main issues surrounding the part privatization of NATS. First, it highlights the experience from New Zealand and Canada of the major issues involved in corporatized air navigation services in six different categories: funding, new technology and project management, safety, pricing regime, international opportunities, and customer responsiveness. The likely impacts for NATS given the lessons from New Zealand and Canada are considered. The UK government's provisions for the PPP and their implementation in the post‐PPP NATS are then outlined for these six categories. Finally, the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks have had major impacts on air travel and their consequences for NATS in the six categories are highlighted. This paper concludes with some of the issues that need to be addressed to ensure the success of the PPP for NATS. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 135-176 Issue: 2 Volume: 24 Year: 2002 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164032000068975 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164032000068975 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:24:y:2002:i:2:p:135-176 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: ERIK FERGUSON Author-X-Name-First: ERIK Author-X-Name-Last: FERGUSON Title: Zoning for Parking as Policy Process: A Historical Review Abstract: Zoning for parking is reviewed as a historical process of public policy development. Zoning for parking was relatively rare among US cities before the Second World War. By 1969, however, virtually all US cities with populations exceeding 25 000 zoned for parking as their primary method of dealing with land‐use problems associated with rising automobile ownership rates. A brief history of zoning for parking reveals that despite its continuing popularity, it has almost always been a controversial topic. A review of major studies reveals important aspects of zoning for parking as it has changed over time. Zoning for parking began as an occasional or piecemeal approach to resolving specific problems associated with growing automobile storage requirements. It gradually became the preferred method to ensure adequate parking space in an automobile‐oriented society. It was first employed to address the unusually high parking requirements of more affluent neighbourhoods in higher density areas, but gradually grew to encompass most land uses in most urban areas of any size or location. Zoning for parking originally was a supply‐side strategy, but has since become more demand oriented in its approach. Parking experts originally promoted a diversity of parking standards based primarily on those observed in planning practice. Today they generally advocate more specific parking standards based on broader national experience. Zoning for parking nonetheless appears to be a more flexible strategy today than it was 50 years ago. Parking standards, whether observed in planning practice or recommended by national authorities, have increased much less rapidly than automobile ownership rates over the last 50 years. This may help to explain why a policy so frequently decried as inefficient, ineffective and inequitable has nonetheless managed to survive even in a more socially and environmentally aware world. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 177-194 Issue: 2 Volume: 24 Year: 2003 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164032000080485 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164032000080485 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:24:y:2003:i:2:p:177-194 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: ANNA MATAS Author-X-Name-First: ANNA Author-X-Name-Last: MATAS Title: Demand and Revenue Implications of an Integrated Public Transport Policy: The Case of Madrid Abstract: One of the most popular options for promoting public transport use is the provision of an integrated and high‐quality public transport system. This was the strategy adopted by the regional government in Madrid, Spain, in 1986, and since then public transport patronage has increased by more than 50%. This paper has two objectives. The first is to identify the factors underlying the significant increase in the demand for public transport in Madrid. To do this, an aggregate demand function is estimated for bus and underground trips, which allows one to obtain the demand elasticities with respect to the main attributes of public transport services and also to calculate the long‐term impact of changes in those explanatory variables on patronage. The second objective is to evaluate the impact on revenue derived from the introduction of the travel card scheme, and to discuss the consequences on revenue of changes in the relative fare levels of different types of ticket without substantially affecting patronage. This latter issue is addressed by estimating a matrix of own and cross‐price elasticities for different ticket types. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 195-217 Issue: 2 Volume: 24 Year: 2003 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164032000107223 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164032000107223 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:24:y:2003:i:2:p:195-217 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: ROBERT SCHLICH Author-X-Name-First: ROBERT Author-X-Name-Last: SCHLICH Author-Name: STEFAN SCHÖNFELDER Author-X-Name-First: STEFAN Author-X-Name-Last: SCHÖNFELDER Author-Name: SUSAN HANSON Author-X-Name-First: SUSAN Author-X-Name-Last: HANSON Author-Name: KAY W. AXHAUSEN Author-X-Name-First: KAY W. Author-X-Name-Last: AXHAUSEN Title: Structures of Leisure Travel: Temporal and Spatial Variability Abstract: Leisure activities play an increasingly dominant role in our daily lives. Their importance has increased steadily over the last 40 years compared with other activities. Considering leisure travel, one would expect to discover this trend in recent empirical work. Unfortunately, this has not been possible in Germany or other countries due to a lack of suitable data. The lack of such data is mainly caused by different leisure activities being performed sporadically, which are influenced by changing conditions such as the weather, traffic, etc. It is thus desirable to obtain data over periods substantially longer than 1 or even several days (longitudinal data). The longitudinal 6‐week Mobidrive survey data match this requirement and are analysed here with regards to leisure activities. The Mobidrive data allow the examination of aspects of temporal and spatial variability and separate analyses of distinct detailed leisure activities. Because leisure traffic has been rarely analysed from a longitudinal perspective, it is difficult to generalize the results. For this reason, a similar but outdated dataset (Uppsala dataset) is used to validate the results. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 219-237 Issue: 2 Volume: 24 Year: 2003 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164032000138742 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164032000138742 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:24:y:2003:i:2:p:219-237 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: JAMES F. NOLAN Author-X-Name-First: JAMES F. Author-X-Name-Last: NOLAN Author-Name: PAMELA RITCHIE Author-X-Name-First: PAMELA Author-X-Name-Last: RITCHIE Author-Name: JOHN ROWCROFT Author-X-Name-First: JOHN Author-X-Name-Last: ROWCROFT Title: September 11 and the World Airline Financial Crisis Abstract: Much of the post‐September 11, 2001, rhetoric has focussed on the idea that the terrorist attacks in the USA catapulted the world airline industry into a financial crisis. But are the current problems in the world airline industry so readily attributable to the events of September 11? Was the shock to the industry sufficient to create the current situation, or are airlines around the world attempting to justify bailouts in order to cover a more systemic industry crisis? The purpose of this paper is to offer an independent financial assessment of the impact of September 11 on the viability of world airlines. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 239-255 Issue: 2 Volume: 24 Year: 2003 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164032000138751 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164032000138751 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:24:y:2003:i:2:p:239-255 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: TOM WORSLEY Author-X-Name-First: TOM Author-X-Name-Last: WORSLEY Title: Road Traffic Elasticities: Introduction Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 259-260 Issue: 3 Volume: 24 Year: 2004 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164042000181716 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164042000181716 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:24:y:2004:i:3:p:259-260 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: DANIEL J. GRAHAM Author-X-Name-First: DANIEL J. Author-X-Name-Last: GRAHAM Author-Name: STEPHEN GLAISTER Author-X-Name-First: STEPHEN Author-X-Name-Last: GLAISTER Title: Road Traffic Demand Elasticity Estimates: A Review Abstract: A brief summary of road traffic‐related elasticity estimates as reported in the international literature is given. An indication of the orders of magnitude of these elasticities is outlined and the variation in estimates commonly found is emphasized. The results of previous extensive surveys are collated, but a wider scope of traffic‐related research is provided by reviewing recent work and including research that has received less attention. A variety of elasticity measures related to car travel, car ownership, freight traffic and fuel demand are reported. Based on the review, some important themes underpinning the demand for road traffic are revealed. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 261-274 Issue: 3 Volume: 24 Year: 2003 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164032000101193 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164032000101193 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:24:y:2003:i:3:p:261-274 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: PHIL GOODWIN Author-X-Name-First: PHIL Author-X-Name-Last: GOODWIN Author-Name: JOYCE DARGAY Author-X-Name-First: JOYCE Author-X-Name-Last: DARGAY Author-Name: MARK HANLY Author-X-Name-First: MARK Author-X-Name-Last: HANLY Title: Elasticities of Road Traffic and Fuel Consumption with Respect to Price and Income: A Review Abstract: This paper gives the main results of a literature review of new empirical studies, published since 1990, updating work on the effects of price and income on fuel consumption, traffic levels, and where available other indicators including fuel efficiency and car ownership. The results are broadly consistent with several earlier reviews, though not always with current practice. The work was carried out as one of two parallel ‘blind’ literature reviews, the other being summarized in a companion paper by Graham and Glaister: the results are broadly, though not in every respect, consistent. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 275-292 Issue: 3 Volume: 24 Year: 2003 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164042000181725 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164042000181725 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:24:y:2003:i:3:p:275-292 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: MAR GONZÁLEZ‐SAVIGNAT Author-X-Name-First: MAR Author-X-Name-Last: GONZÁLEZ‐SAVIGNAT Title: Will the high‐speed train compete against the private vehicle? Abstract: The capacity of the high‐speed train to compete against travel demand in private vehicles is analysed. A hypothetical context analysed as the high‐speed alternative is not yet available for the route studied. In order to model travel demand, experimental designs were applied to obtain stated preference information. Discrete choice logit models were estimated in order to derive the effect of service variables on journey utility. From these empirical demand models, it was possible to predict for different travel contexts and individuals the capacity of the high‐speed train to compete with the car, so determining the impact of the new alternative on modal distribution. Furthermore, individual willingness to pay for travel time saving is derived for different contexts. The results allow us to confirm that the high‐speed train will have a significant impact on the analysed market, with an important shift of passengers to the new rail service being expected. Different transport policy scenarios are derived. The cost of travel appears to a great extent to be a conditioning variable in the modal choice. These results provide additional evidence for the understanding of private vehicle travel demand. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 293-316 Issue: 3 Volume: 24 Year: 2003 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164032000083103 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164032000083103 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:24:y:2003:i:3:p:293-316 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: ROGER BEHRENS Author-X-Name-First: ROGER Author-X-Name-Last: BEHRENS Author-Name: Roger Behrens Author-X-Name-First: Roger Author-X-Name-Last: Behrens Title: Understanding Travel Needs of the Poor: Towards Improved Travel Analysis Practices in South Africa Abstract: The ability of conventional South African travel analysis practices to analyse adequately the travel needs of the poor is examined. The origins and nature of conventional practices are described, and it is observed that typically their scope has been limited to motorized modes, commutes and peaks. The paper reports on the findings of an activity diary survey administered in Cape Town that extended the conventional scope of analysis. An activity‐based survey method was selected because it typically yields higher rates of trip recall than other methods and is therefore relatively well suited to investigating travel behaviour in its fuller complexity. Selected findings of the survey are presented to demonstrate that travel occurring by non‐motorized modes, for non‐work purposes and during off‐peak periods, is considerable. It is argued that the conventional limitation in analytical scope can create serious misconceptions of the true nature of travel behaviour, particularly of low‐income households. By restricting the focus of analysis to motorized, work and peak period trip‐making, there is a risk of a routine bias being introduced in the way the urban passenger transport problem is understood, and in the nature of the interventions that are implemented as a result. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 317-336 Issue: 3 Volume: 24 Year: 2003 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164032000138779 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164032000138779 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:24:y:2003:i:3:p:317-336 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: ELIZABETH S. AMPT Author-X-Name-First: ELIZABETH S. Author-X-Name-Last: AMPT Author-Name: JUAN DE DIOS ORTÚZAR Author-X-Name-First: JUAN DE DIOS Author-X-Name-Last: ORTÚZAR Title: On Best Practice in Continuous Large‐scale Mobility Surveys Abstract: The state‐of‐practice in the design and conduction of mobility surveys in metropolitan areas leaves much to be desired, even in most industrialized countries. It is argued that the state‐of‐the‐art in this type of survey is a continuous (ongoing) method, beginning with a somewhat larger sample size in the first year and with smaller sample sizes in subsequent years. The paper discusses three issues related to this methodology. First, the sampling implications; in particular, sample sizes are considered based on stratifications by income, car ownership and household size, designed to estimate trip rates, zone‐level car ownership and mode choice models for different strata. Second, the survey method implications, where state‐of‐the‐art and ‐of‐practice considers collecting data for each day of the week during the whole year. Third, the important issues of data correction and weighting, and the need for independent data and validation strategies. The paper concludes with a brief report on the main results of a 1‐year pilot study of these recommendations as applied to Santiago, Chile, and with some preliminary data about the first wave of the large‐scale mobility survey currently under way in that city that serves to illustrate the magnitude of the effort and to get a feeling about the quality of the approach. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 337-363 Issue: 3 Volume: 24 Year: 2003 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164032000140703 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164032000140703 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:24:y:2003:i:3:p:337-363 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: QASIM DALVI Author-X-Name-First: QASIM Author-X-Name-Last: DALVI Title: REVIEW PAPER Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 365-376 Issue: 3 Volume: 24 Year: 2004 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164042000231404 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164042000231404 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:24:y:2004:i:3:p:365-376 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: GERARD DE JONG Author-X-Name-First: GERARD DE Author-X-Name-Last: JONG Author-Name: JAMES FOX Author-X-Name-First: JAMES Author-X-Name-Last: FOX Author-Name: ANDREW DALY Author-X-Name-First: ANDREW Author-X-Name-Last: DALY Author-Name: MARITS PIETERS Author-X-Name-First: MARITS Author-X-Name-Last: PIETERS Author-Name: REMKO SMIT Author-X-Name-First: REMKO Author-X-Name-Last: SMIT Title: Comparison of car ownership models Abstract: Car ownership models found in the academic literature (with a focus on the recent literature and on models developed for transport planning) are classified into a number of model types. The different model types are compared on a number of criteria: inclusion of demand and supply side of the car market, level of aggregation, dynamic or static model, long‐ or short‐run forecasts, theoretical background, inclusion of car use, data requirements, treatment of business cars, car‐type segmentation, inclusion of income, of fixed and/or variable car cost, of car quality aspects, of licence holding, of sociodemographic variables and of attitudinal variables, and treatment of scrappage. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 379-408 Issue: 4 Volume: 24 Year: 2003 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164032000138733 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164032000138733 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:24:y:2003:i:4:p:379-408 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: N. SHARMA Author-X-Name-First: N. Author-X-Name-Last: SHARMA Author-Name: K. K. CHAUDHRY Author-X-Name-First: K. K. Author-X-Name-Last: CHAUDHRY Author-Name: C. V. CHALAPATI RAO Author-X-Name-First: C. V. CHALAPATI Author-X-Name-Last: RAO Title: Vehicular pollution prediction modelling: a review of highway dispersion models Abstract: Air quality modelling plays an important role in formulating air pollution control and management strategies by providing guidelines for better and more efficient air quality planning. Several line source models, mostly Gaussian‐based, have been suggested to predict pollutant concentrations near highways/roads. These models, despite several assumptions and limitations, are used throughout the world, including in India, to carry out air pollution prediction analysis due to vehicular traffic near roads/highways. These models are being continuously upgraded and modified based on field experiments, and numerical and physical modelling results. An effort has been made in the present paper to review briefly the philosophy and basic features of most of the commonly used highway dispersion models. The paper also discusses various theories and techniques that led to the development and modification of these models along with the statistical analysis tools to evaluate the performance of these models. An attempt has also been made to summarize briefly the various line source models currently used in India and to highlight the difficulties being faced while using them in an Indian context. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 409-435 Issue: 4 Volume: 24 Year: 2003 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164042000196071 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164042000196071 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:24:y:2003:i:4:p:409-435 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: JOSEPH N. PRASHKER Author-X-Name-First: JOSEPH N. Author-X-Name-Last: PRASHKER Author-Name: SHLOMO BEKHOR Author-X-Name-First: SHLOMO Author-X-Name-Last: BEKHOR Title: Route Choice Models Used in the Stochastic User Equilibrium Problem: A Review Abstract: Several route choice models are reviewed in the context of the stochastic user equilibrium problem. The traffic assignment problem has been extensively studied in the literature. Several models were developed focusing mainly on the solution of the link flow pattern for congested urban areas. The behavioural assumption governing route choice, which is the essential part of any traffic assignment model, received relatively much less attention. The core of any traffic assignment method is the route choice model. In the wellknown deterministic case, a simple choice model is assumed in which drivers choose their best route. The assumption of perfect knowledge of travel costs has been long considered inadequate to explain travel behaviour. Consequently, probabilistic route choice models were developed in which drivers were assumed to minimize their perceived costs given a set of routes. The objective of the paper is to review the different route choice models used to solve the traffic assignment problem. Focus is on the different model structures. The paper connects some of the route choice models proposed long ago, such as the logit and probit models, with recently developed models. It discusses several extensions to the simple logit model, as well as the choice set generation problem and the incorporation of the models in the assignment problem. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 437-463 Issue: 4 Volume: 24 Year: 2003 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164042000181707 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164042000181707 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:24:y:2003:i:4:p:437-463 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: G. A. GIANNOPOULOS Author-X-Name-First: G. A. Author-X-Name-Last: GIANNOPOULOS Author-Name: G. AIFANDOPOULOU‐KLIMIS Author-X-Name-First: G. Author-X-Name-Last: AIFANDOPOULOU‐KLIMIS Title: Inland Maritime Transport in Greece after the Lifting of the Cabotage and Full Liberalization: A Review. Part 1: The Situation ‘before’ and Expected Impacts Abstract: A comprehensive review of the inland maritime transport system of Greece before the application of full liberalization in the provision of transport services and the lifting of cabotage restrictions that existed until 2002 is presented. The review is made both in terms of the quantity of the demand and supply sides as well as in terms of the quality of the offered services. The paper also examines all the elements that affect the operation of the system in a way that lends itself to a comparison of the ‘before’ situation (presented here) with an ‘after’ situation, which will be evaluated in Part 2 of the paper after the relevant data are available once the new system has been in operation for a few years. The paper begins with a description of the fully liberalized system that was put in operation in November 2002, and the elements that have changed. It then gives a picture of the whole system (based on data for 1999--2001) in terms of: (1) passenger and freight flows and their temporal variations; (2) the characteristics of the fleet; (3) the characteristics of the port infrastructure; and (4) the levels of services offered (frequencies, travel times, reliability of travel times, congestion at ports, form of the network). Interviews were undertaken with experts working on the Greek inland maritime transport systems at either the operation of the services (shipping companies) or on its administration (ministries and supervising organizations), and the interviews were supplemented by past experience from other countries and the brief experience gained from the new system. The paper first gives an overview of the expected impacts and changes that will be realized with the new system. A brief description is given of a decision support tool created as part of a consultancy study to help the Ministry of Merchant Marine in the management and monitoring of the new liberalized system and taking decisions based on European Union legislation. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 465-483 Issue: 4 Volume: 24 Year: 2003 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164042000181699 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164042000181699 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:24:y:2003:i:4:p:465-483 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thyra Uth Thomsen Author-X-Name-First: Thyra Author-X-Name-Last: Uth Thomsen Title: Children—automobility's immobilized others? Abstract: Within the social science literature on the so‐called modernity--mobility nexus, children, women, the elderly, poor people and the disabled are described as the immobilized ‘others’ of automobility. They are seen as powerless victims of the hegemony of the car, of the unequally distributed access to mobility and of the unequally distributed negative consequences of an increasingly faster and wider ranging automobility. The present paper focuses on children and questions whether there is any empirical support for this rather rigid theoretically driven construction of children's identity. With this objective, eight in‐depth interviews with children about their perception of themselves as travellers were conducted. The children saw themselves as both suffering and benefiting from automobility, as well as being both immobilized and mobilized. Thus, children are not necessarily automobility's others in the sense of a suffering, victimized or immobilized other altogether; they are also coping and partaking members of the automobile society. This is an important conclusion, since no matter how well meaning the intentions of the adult community, children might benefit more from being perceived as active members of society—with rights equal to those of adults as participants in the further development of the automobile society—than of being restricted to the role of powerless, patronized victims, dependent on the grace of others. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 515-532 Issue: 5 Volume: 24 Year: 2003 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164042000181680 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164042000181680 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:24:y:2003:i:5:p:515-532 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eleni I. Vlahogianni Author-X-Name-First: Eleni I. Author-X-Name-Last: Vlahogianni Author-Name: John C. Golias Author-X-Name-First: John C. Author-X-Name-Last: Golias Author-Name: Matthew G. Karlaftis Author-X-Name-First: Matthew G. Author-X-Name-Last: Karlaftis Title: Short‐term traffic forecasting: Overview of objectives and methods Abstract: In the last two decades, the growing need for short‐term prediction of traffic parameters embedded in a real‐time intelligent transportation systems environment has led to the development of a vast number of forecasting algorithms. Despite this, there is still not a clear view about the various requirements involved in modelling. This field of research was examined by disaggregating the process of developing short‐term traffic forecasting algorithms into three essential clusters: the determination of the scope, the conceptual process of specifying the output and the process of modelling, which includes several decisions concerning the selection of the proper methodological approach, the type of input and output data used, and the quality of the data. A critical discussion clarifies several interactions between the above and results in a logical flow that can be used as a framework for developing short‐term traffic forecasting models. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 533-557 Issue: 5 Volume: 24 Year: 2003 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164042000195072 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164042000195072 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:24:y:2003:i:5:p:533-557 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kiron Chatterjee Author-X-Name-First: Kiron Author-X-Name-Last: Chatterjee Author-Name: Mike Mcdonald Author-X-Name-First: Mike Author-X-Name-Last: Mcdonald Title: Effectiveness of using variable message signs to disseminate dynamic traffic information: Evidence from field trails in European cities Abstract: Variable message signs (VMS) can provide up‐to‐date traffic information and guidance to drivers through electronic signs at the roadside. The paper draws together the results from VMS field trials conducted in nine cities as part of European Union‐sponsored research projects carried out between 1994 and 1999. The projects followed common guidelines in carrying out field trial evaluations, which has enabled generalized findings to be made on the impacts of the different VMS applications. The main emphasis in the paper is on drivers' reactions to VMS and the impacts of VMS on road network efficiency. Results are reported for four different types of traffic information. For incident messages, it is not only the severity of the problem reported that influences the level of diversions, but also other factors such as the specific location mentioned and the availability of viable alternative routes to avoid the problem location. For route guidance information, it is demonstrated that substantial diversions occur when the route advice differs from that given normally. For continuous information describing the traffic state on a major route, information increases the use of the major route and reduces use of alternative routes if there are no traffic problems reported on the major route. Travel time information was well regarded by drivers and found to be effective in inducing route changes. In general, the deployments of VMS to inform drivers of traffic conditions have proved successful in terms of improving network travel times and reducing environmental impacts. Whilst such changes have been relatively small, driver perception of the benefits is much higher. This is potentially very significant in terms of the role that VMS can play in the development of integrated transport strategies, as the provision of information may encourage greater acceptance of a range of demand management measures. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 559-585 Issue: 5 Volume: 24 Year: 2003 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164042000196080 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164042000196080 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:24:y:2003:i:5:p:559-585 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: DANIEL A. RODRÍGUEZ* * Author-X-Name-First: DANIEL A. Author-X-Name-Last: RODRÍGUEZ* * Author-Name: FELIPE TARGA Author-X-Name-First: FELIPE Author-X-Name-Last: TARGA Title: Value of accessibility to Bogotá's bus rapid transit system Abstract: With several successful cases world‐wide, bus rapid transit (BRT) has reemerged as a cost‐effective transportation alternative for urban mobility. Despite the resurgence of BRT, there is a world‐wide paucity of research examining its ability to spur and development. By estimating spatial hedonic price functions, the paper determines the extent to which access to BRT stations in Bogotá, Colombia, currently are capitalized into land values. Results suggest that for every 5 min of additional walking time to a BRT station, the rental price of a property decreases by between 6.8 and 9.3%, after controlling for structural characteristics, neighbourhood attributes and proximity to the BRT corridor. Evaluated at the average walking time to a BRT station, this effect translates into an elasticity of between − 0.16 and − 0.22. Although these estimates cannot be attributable directly to the presence of the BRT system because a cross‐sectional design is used, they suggest that the land market in Bogotá values access to BRT station locations. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 587-610 Issue: 5 Volume: 24 Year: 2003 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164042000195081 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164042000195081 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:24:y:2003:i:5:p:587-610 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: DAVID BANISTER Author-X-Name-First: DAVID Author-X-Name-Last: BANISTER Author-Name: DOMINIC STEAD Author-X-Name-First: DOMINIC Author-X-Name-Last: STEAD Title: Impact of information and communications technology on transport Abstract: The impacts of information and communications technologies on transport are examined. First, the wider context of global change is outlined with the growth in the service and knowledge‐based economy, the breakdown of trade barriers, and the development of new patterns of travel. The more traditional views are briefly covered and discussed, and a case is made for longer term, more subtle direct and indirect effects of technological innovation on transport. Three spheres of influence are considered (production, living and working) to help structure the argument and to provide a framework within which to investigate the different information and communications technology applications in terms of their roles and impacts on transport. The review ends with three key unresolved questions that relate to the future of transport demand and analysis, and three further opportunities for using information and communications technology substantially to increase transport efficiency. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 611-632 Issue: 5 Volume: 24 Year: 2004 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164042000206060 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164042000206060 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:24:y:2004:i:5:p:611-632 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: KENNETH BUTTON Author-X-Name-First: KENNETH Author-X-Name-Last: BUTTON Author-Name: PETER NIJKAMP Author-X-Name-First: PETER Author-X-Name-Last: NIJKAMP Title: Introduction: challenges in conducting transatlantic work on sustainable transport and the STELLA/STAR initiative Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 635-643 Issue: 6 Volume: 24 Year: 2004 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164042000292434 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164042000292434 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:24:y:2004:i:6:p:635-643 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: CRISTINA CAPINERI Author-X-Name-First: CRISTINA Author-X-Name-Last: CAPINERI Author-Name: THOMAS R. LEINBACH Author-X-Name-First: THOMAS R. Author-X-Name-Last: LEINBACH Title: Globalization, e‐economy and trade Abstract: The first position paper of Stella Focus Group 1 on Globalization, E‐Economy and Trade aims to highlight the main concepts around which the activities will develop. It addresses the transport and trade implications of the shift from an economy dominated by physical movements to one where electronic communications aid and, indeed, under certain circumstances, eliminate or reduce physical flows. In particular, it points out that the revolution taking place is mainly due to deep changes in distribution processes caused by the spread of e‐commerce and by a production system based on networks of different types (production, financial, information, etc.). Major topics for exploration are the specific roles of networks, new interpretations of access and distance in virtual and physical spaces, the adoption, spread and impact of e‐commerce, the multifaceted process of integration and Internetworking, territorial competitiveness in the digital economy, intermodality, and the growth of logistical systems and their impact upon supply chains. Factors surrounding the shippers’ choice of freight transport services, communications and transport patterns between consumers and businesses, and general sustainability in these increasingly complex systems are also important. All these topics are ripe for research from both theoretical and methodological perspectives. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 645-663 Issue: 6 Volume: 24 Year: 2004 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164042000292443 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164042000292443 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:24:y:2004:i:6:p:645-663 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: DONALD G. JANELLE Author-X-Name-First: DONALD G. Author-X-Name-Last: JANELLE Author-Name: ANDREW GILLESPIE Author-X-Name-First: ANDREW Author-X-Name-Last: GILLESPIE Title: Space--time constructs for linking information and communication technologies with issues in sustainable transportation Abstract: This paper develops a conceptual framework for understanding the ways in which space‐adjusting technologies relate to socio‐economic patterns and processes, and it then explores some of the challenges that such a conceptualization poses for transportation research and planning. Special attention is given to a review of recent research on the integration of information and communication technologies within the transportation sector, concentrating on (1) the need to understand the underlying space--time dynamics of changes in mobility behaviour; (2) the role of information and communication technology adoptions in the structural transformation of cities and urban systems; and (3) the use of intelligent transport systems in facilitating efficient and sustainable mobility. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 665-677 Issue: 6 Volume: 24 Year: 2004 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164042000292452 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164042000292452 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:24:y:2004:i:6:p:665-677 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: KIERAN DONAGHY Author-X-Name-First: KIERAN Author-X-Name-Last: DONAGHY Author-Name: GEORG RUDINGER Author-X-Name-First: GEORG Author-X-Name-Last: RUDINGER Author-Name: STEFAN POPPELREUTER Author-X-Name-First: STEFAN Author-X-Name-Last: POPPELREUTER Title: Societal trends, mobility behaviour and sustainable transport in Europe and North America Abstract: It is increasingly evident that modern lifestyles in affluent societies, and the mobility behaviour associated with such lifestyles, are not consistent with the protection of environmental quality, the efficient use of resources, and the promotion of social cohesion and just distributions of opportunities and costs of using transport systems. This paper examines social and behavioural aspects of sustainable transport from a transatlantic perspective. Significant societal trends are surveyed and their implications for mobility behaviour are drawn. The sustainability of this behaviour is considered along with constraints and drivers of this behaviour in Europe and North America. The paper takes up relevant policy issues and concludes with a discussion of a transatlantic research agenda on social and behavioural aspects of sustainable transport. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 679-690 Issue: 6 Volume: 24 Year: 2004 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164042000292461 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164042000292461 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:24:y:2004:i:6:p:679-690 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: VELI HIMANEN Author-X-Name-First: VELI Author-X-Name-Last: HIMANEN Author-Name: MARTIN LEE‐GOSSELIN Author-X-Name-First: MARTIN Author-X-Name-Last: LEE‐GOSSELIN Author-Name: ADRIAAN PERRELS Author-X-Name-First: ADRIAAN Author-X-Name-Last: PERRELS Title: Impacts of transport on sustainability: towards an integrated transatlantic evidence base Abstract: Despite a large body of literature on the negative impacts and externalities of transport systems, it is difficult for policy‐makers to infer a coherent message about whether intervention should be considered, and if so, how to weigh the relative importance of multiple domains of impact. This paper examines the extent to which the results of research on the impacts of transport in the European Union (EU), the USA and Canada have been translated into improved public policy on sustainable development. Over 3 years, approximately 100 researchers contributed to a review that focused primarily on the environment, safety, public health, land use and congestion. There were findings on four main issues. First, the understanding of impacts is uneven and, with some notable exceptions, poorly integrated: in particular, where there is no real commitment to internalizing costs, there is little incentive to develop assessment frameworks that support decisions about tradeoffs between costs (and benefits) in multiple domains. Second, the sustainability of transport is often viewed from the policy side as something that has to be ‘set off’ against affordability, equity and acceptability in a calculus that often treats transport in isolation: a broader view of sustainability might better help identify ways that transport can contribute to a decoupling of economic growth from a growth in impacts. Third, some important gaps in the research base were identified. Broad in nature, they concerned longer‐term trajectories, societal learning, increased attention to freight and policy implementation. Finally, activities are suggested to improve the organization of a transatlantic evidence base that benefits from appropriately scaled comparisons between regions of Europe and North America, and which respects the complexity of impact domains and their interactions. The highest priority was given to cross‐national analyses of transport and land‐use policies relevant to sustainability, and to holistic evaluations of actual implementations of ‘wise’ policy packages in urban regions. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 691-705 Issue: 6 Volume: 24 Year: 2004 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164042000272470 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164042000272470 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:24:y:2004:i:6:p:691-705 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: PIET RIETVELD Author-X-Name-First: PIET Author-X-Name-Last: RIETVELD Author-Name: ROGER STOUGH Author-X-Name-First: ROGER Author-X-Name-Last: STOUGH Title: Institutions, regulations and sustainable transport: a cross‐national perspective Abstract: This paper examines institutional and regulatory aspects of sustainable transport from a cross‐national perspective. While institutions appear to play an important role in the economic success of many countries, it is not so clear that they also support sustainable development. A number of examples of the role of institutions in transport are discussed. Particular attention is focused among others on the themes of institutions and technological change, institutions and the organization of production, and territorial aspects of institutions. Regulatory trends are also reviewed including devolution patterns and the growing importance of supra‐national organizations. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 707-719 Issue: 6 Volume: 24 Year: 2004 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164042000292489 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164042000292489 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:24:y:2004:i:6:p:707-719 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: BERT VAN WEE Author-X-Name-First: BERT VAN Author-X-Name-Last: WEE Author-Name: PIETER JANSE Author-X-Name-First: PIETER Author-X-Name-Last: JANSE Author-Name: ROBERT VAN DEN BRINK Author-X-Name-First: ROBERT VAN DEN Author-X-Name-Last: BRINK Title: Comparing energy use and environmental performance of land transport modes Abstract: Environmental impacts related to policy measures such as transport investments are relevant for ex ante evaluations like cost--benefit analyses (CBAs), environmental impact assessments (EIAs) and strategic environmental assessments (SEAs). However, the methodologies used in determining impacts are much less developed than those employed in estimating transport and economic impacts. The aim of the present paper is to show how rough methodologies used in current practice might lead to serious faults in estimating environmental impacts. This is followed by suggestions for improvements to these methodologies. The first suggestion is related to indicators. Since only a limited number of these are used presently, such as emissions of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide, including more indicators might prove to be helpful. Second, changes in emissions (e.g. due to regulations) are often considered for only a limited time horizon, so extending the time horizon for emission factors is therefore an important improvement. Third, sometimes emission factors from the literature or from another country/area are used, while the circumstances are not comparable; this might lead to serious faults. Using country‐ or region‐specific data, however, will improve the quality of assessments. Fourth, one often ignores that the effects of a given emission volume depend on the distance between source and receptor. The effects due to traffic, such as particulate matter or nitrous dioxide emissions, might then have more health impacts than emissions from industrial or power plants, and be reason enough to include these aspects as well. Fifth, it is suggested that categories of goods are broken down to determine freight modes, since lorries currently transport goods with a lower specific gravity (kilograms/volume unit) than those transported by rail and barge. The sixth suggestion calls for inclusion of indirect energy use and emissions resulting from the construction of vehicle and infrastructure. While some recommendations can be implemented relatively easily in ex ante evaluations, others will need further research. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 3-24 Issue: 1 Volume: 25 Year: 2004 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416410001676861 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416410001676861 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:25:y:2004:i:1:p:3-24 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: PEDRO CANTOS Author-X-Name-First: PEDRO Author-X-Name-Last: CANTOS Author-Name: MERCEDES GUMBAU‐ALBERT Author-X-Name-First: MERCEDES Author-X-Name-Last: GUMBAU‐ALBERT Author-Name: JOAQUÍN MAUDOS Author-X-Name-First: JOAQUÍN Author-X-Name-Last: MAUDOS Title: Transport infrastructures, spillover effects and regional growth: evidence of the Spanish case Abstract: The impact of transport infrastructures on the economic growth of both regions and sectors, distinguishing among modes of transport, is analysed. An attempt is also made to capture the spillover effects associated with transport infrastructures. Two different methodologies are used: the first adopts an accounting approach based on a regression on indices of total factor productivity; the second uses econometric estimates of the production function. Very similar elasticities are obtained with both methodologies for the private sector of the economy, both for the aggregate capital stock of transport infrastructures and for the various types of infrastructure. However, the disaggregated results for sectors of production are not conclusive. The results confirm the existence of very substantial spillover effects associated with transport infrastructures. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 25-50 Issue: 1 Volume: 25 Year: 2003 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416410001676852 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416410001676852 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:25:y:2003:i:1:p:25-50 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: SALLY CAIRNS Author-X-Name-First: SALLY Author-X-Name-Last: CAIRNS Title: Delivering supermarket shopping: more or less traffic? Abstract: Car travel for food and other household items represents about 40% of all UK shopping trips by car, and about 5% of all car use. In the past 10 years, there has been an extremely rapid growth, albeit from a very small base, of home delivery services for such shopping. As this sector has developed, there has been increasing concern about the growth in delivery traffic, countered by the hope that services are reducing personal car travel. The balance between such tendencies is critical to the overall impact of services. The present paper examines a range of international evidence, including the results of nine modelling assessments. The evidence suggests that with realistic levels of take‐up, a direct substitution of car trips by van trips could reduce vehicle‐km by 70% or more. More complex shopper behavioural responses will occur, but, according to available empirical evidence, overall traffic reductions are still probable. Meanwhile, the benefits of services could be maximized by use of appropriate cost structures, new types of delivery location, less polluting vehicles, greater cooperation or out‐sourcing by retailers, and measures to encourage greater consumption of local produce. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 51-84 Issue: 1 Volume: 25 Year: 2004 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164042000218391 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164042000218391 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:25:y:2004:i:1:p:51-84 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: JOHN GARDINER Author-X-Name-First: JOHN Author-X-Name-Last: GARDINER Author-Name: IAN HUMPHREYS Author-X-Name-First: IAN Author-X-Name-Last: HUMPHREYS Author-Name: STEPHEN ISON Author-X-Name-First: STEPHEN Author-X-Name-Last: ISON Title: Freighter operators' choice of airport: a three‐stage process Abstract: With increasing levels of congestion at the major cargo hubs and further restrictions on noise and night‐time flying, freighter operators' airport choice is a complex and important issue. The aim is to identify the factors that affect the airport choice of freighter operators through a review of the published literature. The literature reviewed includes work relating to passenger hub location, airport quality and airline network configuration, and other works relating to airport choice to paint a full picture of the current research in this area. The literature shows that freighter operators initially choose a shortlist of possible airports based on geography and then investigate any restrictions in place, such as capacity caps or noise limits that might block operations from that airport. Only when these hurdles have been cleared do freighter operators consider attributes of airport quality such as charges and terminal facilities, as well as other influences such as freight forwarder presence and airport marketing. Of particular prominence is the impact of legislation on airport choice. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 85-102 Issue: 1 Volume: 25 Year: 2004 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164042000218409 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164042000218409 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:25:y:2004:i:1:p:85-102 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. A. BOAME Author-X-Name-First: K. A. Author-X-Name-Last: BOAME Author-Name: K. OBENG Author-X-Name-First: K. Author-X-Name-Last: OBENG Title: Sources of productivity change: a Malmquist total factor productivity approach Abstract: Urban transit systems are faced with declining ridership and increasing deficits in recent years. Improving the productivity of transit systems in such unfavourable operating conditions is unquestionable. The sources of productivity change in bus transit systems in the USA between 1985 and 1997 are investigated by using the non‐parametric Malmquist total factor productivity index. Technical change and efficiency change improved transit productivity. In addition, government subsidy has negative and statistically significant correlations with the efficiency of transit systems, and positive and significant relationships with technical change. No statistically significant correlation was found between subsidies and the Malmquist total factor productivity. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 103-116 Issue: 1 Volume: 25 Year: 2004 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164042000244572 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164042000244572 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:25:y:2004:i:1:p:103-116 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: BRIAN SLACK Author-X-Name-First: BRIAN Author-X-Name-Last: SLACK Author-Name: ANTOINE FRÉMONT Author-X-Name-First: ANTOINE Author-X-Name-Last: FRÉMONT Title: Transformation of port terminal operations: from the local to the global Abstract: The bases for the internationalization of the port terminal industry are explored. While the industry is being transformed by the penetration of transnational companies, there are important regional differences between Europe and North America. In Europe, the lead actors are companies that have arisen out of the industry itself, whereas in North America, most of the new actors are shipping lines. The consequences of this differentiation are substantial, since they represent fundamentally different types of organization, one being a product of horizontal integration based on multi‐user berth operations, the other being an outcome of vertical integration and oriented towards dedicated berth use. The dissimilarities are explained in terms of governance, competition and capacity. Intraregional differences are also examined through the case of France, where an unwillingness to open French ports to global operators has affected the performance of those ports. The paper concludes by discussing some of the implications of the findings, including the issue of monopoly control of ports and the potential for conflict between the two models of contemporary cargo handling. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 117-130 Issue: 1 Volume: 25 Year: 2003 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164042000206051 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164042000206051 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:25:y:2003:i:1:p:117-130 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: ANTONIO ESTACHE Author-X-Name-First: ANTONIO Author-X-Name-Last: ESTACHE Author-Name: ANDRÉS GÓMEZ‐LOBO Author-X-Name-First: ANDRÉS Author-X-Name-Last: GÓMEZ‐LOBO Title: Limits to competition in urban bus services in developing countries Abstract: During the past three decades, urban public transport policy has gone through several phases. From public ownership and monopoly provision, the 1980s and 1990s were characterized by a strong liberalization of the sector. This experience showed the limits of liberalization of the sector in terms of safety, prices and accountability. The paper discusses the market failures that justify this claim and the regulatory options available in this emerging new role of government. It illustrates how they are being used in practice in some countries. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 139-158 Issue: 2 Volume: 25 Year: 2004 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164042000289654 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164042000289654 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:25:y:2004:i:2:p:139-158 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: ELIAHU STERN Author-X-Name-First: ELIAHU Author-X-Name-Last: STERN Author-Name: HARRY W. RICHARDSON Author-X-Name-First: HARRY W. Author-X-Name-Last: RICHARDSON Title: Behavioural modelling of road users: current research and future needs Abstract: Despite the considerable work done on travel behaviour in general and on driving behaviour in particular, it is argued that most of the behavioural models still lack a cognitive explanatory mechanism of the individual’s choice process. The paper presents a survey of recent important research in this area from European and North American perspectives in order to identify issues that should be studied more closely as a base for a new research agenda. It was found that since the human cognitive mechanism of travel decision‐making is universal, idiosyncratic situations, cultural and societal norms can affect the individual’s perception of constraints that will consequently affect the whole decision‐making process. An extension of the Decision Field Theory is proposed as a framework for a new research agenda, which will include the effects of travel situations (e.g. timing, dynamics and type) as well as of cultural habits and societal norms. This theory is aimed at understanding the motivational and cognitive mechanisms that guide a deliberation process involved in making travel decisions under uncertainty. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 159-180 Issue: 2 Volume: 25 Year: 2004 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164042000313638 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164042000313638 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:25:y:2004:i:2:p:159-180 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: CHIN‐YUAN CHU Author-X-Name-First: CHIN‐YUAN Author-X-Name-Last: CHU Author-Name: WEN‐CHIH HUANG Author-X-Name-First: WEN‐CHIH Author-X-Name-Last: HUANG Title: Determining container terminal capacity on the basis of an adopted yard handling system Abstract: A comparison of container‐handling capacity on the basis of different handling systems, yard sizes and crane characteristics is presented. The layout of container terminals in the Taiwan ports is first examined based on discussions with experts from different consultant companies. A useful general equation is then derived and proposed to calculate the total number of 20‐foot container ground slots (TGS), or the area requirement per TGS, for different yard sizes with different handling systems based on different equipment dimensions. The area requirement per TGS is 32.1--35.1 m-super-2/TEU, 35.4--43.3 m-super-2/TEU and 32.9--41.2 m-super-2/TEU, respectively, for straddle carriers system, rubber‐tyred gantry cranes system and rail‐mounted gantry cranes system. Factors like the dimensional characteristics of handling equipment, the container transhipment ratio and the average container dwell times in the container yard were incorporated into the above‐mentioned formula to compute the annual container‐handling capacities. Such analysis can be very useful for container terminal planning with regards to the selection of handling technology, site location or proposed service expansions. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 181-199 Issue: 2 Volume: 25 Year: 2004 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164042000244608 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164042000244608 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:25:y:2004:i:2:p:181-199 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: LIANA GIORGI Author-X-Name-First: LIANA Author-X-Name-Last: GIORGI Author-Name: MICHAEL SCHMIDT Author-X-Name-First: MICHAEL Author-X-Name-Last: SCHMIDT Title: Transalpine transport: a local problem in search of European solutions or a European problem in search of local solutions? Abstract: The transalpine transport problem is proving very difficult to solve and risks becoming intractable. Can this be explained alone by the obstinate prioritization of economic efficiency goals over environmental protection, as the citizen protest movement would argue? Or is the problem (and solution) to be found in the modes of governance and decision‐making that characterize this issue? The paper seeks answers to these questions through a review of alpine transport policy and discourse over the last several years. The main argument is that while the belated recognition of environmental concerns is partly to blame for the problems faced by transalpine transport, the key issue is the absence of a multilateral policy framework for addressing the problem and the failure of the European Union system of governance to provide such a framework. Transalpine transport represents a local/regional problem that requires a European solution. The immaturity of the European scale of decision‐making and of appropriate governance modes is the main reason why it has become an intractable policy issue that has increased mistrust vis‐à‐vis (European) transport policy. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 201-219 Issue: 2 Volume: 25 Year: 2004 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164042000244581 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164042000244581 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:25:y:2004:i:2:p:201-219 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: MUHAMMAD F. IBRAHIM Author-X-Name-First: MUHAMMAD F. Author-X-Name-Last: IBRAHIM Title: Attitudes to transport modes for shopping purposes in Singapore Abstract: A review of the retailing and transportation literature shows that there is an apparently large research gap in the understanding of shoppers’ attitudes towards transport modes for shopping purposes. In particular, not many studies have been done to examine shoppers’ detailed and disaggregated attitudinal image structures of the various transport modes for shopping purposes. Using Singapore as a study area, this paper has attempted to investigate shoppers’ image structure of transport modes and their comparative perception ratings for the various modes of transportation for shopping purposes. Using principal component analysis, the research has unveiled the perceptions of five transport modes for shopping purposes. While some of the factors are unique to certain transport modes, other factors, namely ‘suitability’, ‘practicality’, ‘ease of travel’ and ‘cost’, are common to all modes of transportation. By way of the weighted‐factor rating, the study found that the car recorded the highest overall perception rating while the bus rated the lowest. In addition, the shoppers have reasonably good perception of public transport modes in Singapore. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 221-243 Issue: 2 Volume: 25 Year: 2004 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164042000244590 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164042000244590 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:25:y:2004:i:2:p:221-243 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: ADOLFAS BAUBLYS Author-X-Name-First: ADOLFAS Author-X-Name-Last: BAUBLYS Author-Name: MARGARITA IŠORAITĖ Author-X-Name-First: MARGARITA Author-X-Name-Last: IŠORAITĖ Title: Improvement of external transport cost evaluation in the context of Lithuania’s integration into the European Union Abstract: This paper starts by reviewing the main components of social marginal costs and environmental costs in the context of transport, and it draws on the experience in Europe concerning the means by which these costs can be valued. That experience is then translated to the situation in Lithuania, where many of the same issues are now being debated. A multicriteria method is proposed to internalize these costs, both from the perspective of the state and of the carriers. Costs need to be raised substantially if the social and environmental factors are to be paid for by the transport users, and such action would bring Lithuania closer to the best practice currently in operation in the European Union. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 245-259 Issue: 2 Volume: 25 Year: 2004 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164042000292597 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164042000292597 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:25:y:2004:i:2:p:245-259 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: MARTIN SCHIEFELBUSCH Author-X-Name-First: MARTIN Author-X-Name-Last: SCHIEFELBUSCH Title: Citizens’ involvement and the representation of passenger interests in public transport: Dimensions of a long‐neglected area of transport planning and policy with case studies from Germany Abstract: Unlike many other industries, public transport is dominated by monopoly conditions and there is a strong political influence on the service provided. The traditional position of its users has also been weak where private enterprise plays a greater role. The paper analyses users' role in this sector and proposes to allocate their interests to the political, planning, provision and customer service levels. Suggestions for user representation and involvement are discussed. Experience to date suggests that competition ‘for the market’ also encourages a better provision for passengers’ needs, although the political influence is also likely to remain strong in the future. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 261-282 Issue: 3 Volume: 25 Year: 2004 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164042000335904 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164042000335904 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:25:y:2004:i:3:p:261-282 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: EVANGELOS BEKIARIS Author-X-Name-First: EVANGELOS Author-X-Name-Last: BEKIARIS Author-Name: ALAN STEVENS Author-X-Name-First: ALAN Author-X-Name-Last: STEVENS Title: Common risk assessment methodology for advanced driver assistance systems Abstract: A methodology to identify various types of risks associated with the implementation and use of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems is presented. It is based on a conventional Failure Mode and Effects Analysis methodology, which has been extended so as to assess risks due to drivers’ errors (driver behaviour) and due to legal and organizational problems. For each type of system, the relevant failures are identified and the following indicators are rated by experts: severity, occurrence probability, detectability and recoverability. For each identified type of failure, the failure effect, cause, detection and recognition, and mitigation strategies are also defined. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 283-292 Issue: 3 Volume: 25 Year: 2004 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164042000335797 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164042000335797 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:25:y:2004:i:3:p:283-292 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: JOAQUÍN DE CEA Author-X-Name-First: JOAQUÍN Author-X-Name-Last: DE CEA Author-Name: J. ENRIQUE FERNÁNDEZ Author-X-Name-First: J. ENRIQUE Author-X-Name-Last: FERNÁNDEZ Author-Name: VALÉRIE DEKOCK Author-X-Name-First: VALÉRIE Author-X-Name-Last: DEKOCK Author-Name: ALEXANDRA SOTO Author-X-Name-First: ALEXANDRA Author-X-Name-Last: SOTO Title: Solving network equilibrium problems on multimodal urban transportation networks with multiple user classes Abstract: A modelling approach for solving quite general network equilibrium problems (with fixed trip productions and attractions) intrinsic to the urban transport planning process is presented. The framework can consider a variety of demand models and route choice behaviours within the same implementation, including multiple user classes and combined travel modes that interact on the same physical network. The demand choices are assumed to have a hierarchical structure. When trip distribution is variable, a doubly constrained entropy‐maximizing model is considered at the first level of choice and a hierarchical logit model is used for the remaining demand choices (time of departure, travel mode, transfer point for combined modes, etc.). If trip distribution is considered to be exogenous, the demand choices are modelled as a hierarchical logit. One of the main features of the model is that it considers the effects of congestion on the road network as well as congestion and capacity constraints effects in each public transport service network. The problem is formulated mathematically as a variational inequality, with asymmetric cost functions, and solved following the diagonalization procedure. Each iteration of the aforementioned procedure solves an optimization problem using the Evans algorithm. Sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of the solution to the diagonalized problem are obtained. The main results of a simple example (solved with an academic version of the proposed algorithm) are presented to show the consistency of the equilibrium flows and levels of services obtained using the model. Finally, a real scale implementation of the model is briefly described to show the feasibility of its application. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 293-317 Issue: 3 Volume: 25 Year: 2004 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164042000335805 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164042000335805 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:25:y:2004:i:3:p:293-317 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: PIET RIETVELD Author-X-Name-First: PIET Author-X-Name-Last: RIETVELD Title: Six reasons why supply‐oriented indicators systematically overestimate service quality in public transport Abstract: Supply‐oriented measures of quality lead to a systematic overestimate of quality as experienced by travellers in public transport. An example is a train with an average occupation rate for seats being 50%, where, nevertheless, the occupation rate observed by travellers is much higher when some parts of the trajectory are busy. Similar examples are discussed for waiting times at stops, probabilities of arriving in time, probabilities of getting a connection and walking distances to bus stops. A plea is then made for putting more effort in measuring demand‐oriented quality measures. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 319-328 Issue: 3 Volume: 25 Year: 2004 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164042000335814 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164042000335814 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:25:y:2004:i:3:p:319-328 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. D. HUNT Author-X-Name-First: J. D. Author-X-Name-Last: HUNT Author-Name: D. S. KRIGER Author-X-Name-First: D. S. Author-X-Name-Last: KRIGER Author-Name: E. J. MILLER Author-X-Name-First: E. J. Author-X-Name-Last: MILLER Title: Current operational urban land‐use--transport modelling frameworks: A review Abstract: Various alternative frameworks are available for modelling urban land‐use--transport interaction. This paper provides a detailed review of six of these frameworks that have been or are currently being used to develop operational models. The intention is to indicate what is the general nature of the current state of practice and what is now available for practical modelling work in the area. The intention is also to compare the current state of practice with what might be the ideal in various respects. The six frameworks reviewed (ITLUP, MEPLAN, TRANUS, MUSSA, NYMTC‐LUM and UrbanSim) are considered in terms of their representations of physical systems, decision‐makers and processes, along with various more general modelling and implementation issues. None matches the ideal as envisaged here in all respects. However, a wide range of policy considerations can be handled explicitly with what is available, and more recent developments show an encouraging trend towards expansion in the scope of what can be considered. Further strengthening of the behavioural basis and relaxation of some of the more restrictive assumptions would appear to be both appropriate and likely in the future. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 329-376 Issue: 3 Volume: 25 Year: 2004 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164052000336470 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164052000336470 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:25:y:2004:i:3:p:329-376 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: FARIBA ALAMDARI Author-X-Name-First: FARIBA Author-X-Name-Last: ALAMDARI Author-Name: SIMON FAGAN Author-X-Name-First: SIMON Author-X-Name-Last: FAGAN Title: Impact of the adherence to the original low‐cost model on the profitability of low‐cost airlines Abstract: Undoubtedly, low‐cost operation has been a very successful business model in the airline industry. Over the past 5 years, there has been a widespread departure from the original low‐cost model introduced by Southwest Airlines. The low‐cost carriers tended to follow a differentiation strategy as opposed to cost leadership on which the original low‐cost model was based. The objective of this paper is to assess the degree by which the original low‐cost model has been modified over the years, and to ascertain whether the degree of adherence to the original model has any impact on the profit level of low‐cost airlines. The performance and business models of ten longer‐established US and European low‐cost carriers are analysed and evaluated against the original model of Southwest Airlines. Analysis indicates that although an increasing number of ‘hybrid’ low‐cost models are achieving low operating costs, offering low fares and returning attractive operating profit margins, there is a case for recommending adherence to the original model to ensure greater profitability. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 377-392 Issue: 3 Volume: 25 Year: 2004 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640500038748 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640500038748 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:25:y:2004:i:3:p:377-392 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christopher Kennedy Author-X-Name-First: Christopher Author-X-Name-Last: Kennedy Author-Name: Eric Miller Author-X-Name-First: Eric Author-X-Name-Last: Miller Author-Name: Amer Shalaby Author-X-Name-First: Amer Author-X-Name-Last: Shalaby Author-Name: Heather Maclean Author-X-Name-First: Heather Author-X-Name-Last: Maclean Author-Name: Jesse Coleman Author-X-Name-First: Jesse Author-X-Name-Last: Coleman Title: The Four Pillars of Sustainable Urban Transportation Abstract: The unsustainable nature of current urban transportation and land use is well recognized. What is less clear is the prescription for how to move towards a more sustainable future, especially given the many interest groups involved, the complexity of urban systems and the fragmented nature of decision‐making in most urban regions. It is argued that the process of achieving more sustainable transportation requires suitable establishment of four pillars: effective governance of land use and transportation; fair, efficient, stable funding; strategic infrastructure investments; and attention to neighbourhood design. A review of each pillar identifies key issues. The characteristics of an ideal body for governance of land use and transportation are considered. Trade‐offs are identified with: spatial representation; organizational structure; democracy; and market philosophy. Effective financing and pricing of urban transportation may be distorted because responsibility for infrastructure is separated from service provision. Financing mechanisms are categorized depending on vehicle use and location. Investment in infrastructure for alternative fuel vehicles and intermediate semi‐rapid transit may be required in many cities. Major investment in public transit infrastructure will likely not suffice if macro land use and micro neighbourhood designs are not supportive of these investments. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 393-414 Issue: 4 Volume: 25 Year: 2005 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640500115835 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640500115835 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:25:y:2005:i:4:p:393-414 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Uwe Kunert Author-X-Name-First: Uwe Author-X-Name-Last: Kunert Author-Name: Robert Follmer Author-X-Name-First: Robert Author-X-Name-Last: Follmer Title: Methodological Advances in National Travel Surveys: Mobility in Germany 2002 Abstract: In Germany, a National Travel Survey was conducted in 2002. The paper describes the process needed to make empirical‐based decisions on the main design characteristics of the survey. It outlines the survey operation used in the field during 2002, reports on the relevance of different contact strategies to minimize selectivity and non‐response, and refers to issues of data processing and of dissemination of the data. Finally, some key results are presented. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 415-431 Issue: 4 Volume: 25 Year: 2004 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164042000335896 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164042000335896 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:25:y:2004:i:4:p:415-431 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paul Mees Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Mees Title: Privatization of Rail and Tram Services in Melbourne: What Went Wrong? Abstract: Melbourne’s urban rail and tram systems were privatized in 1999 using a concessioning or franchising model similar to that employed for British Rail in the 1990s. The Melbourne franchise agreements promised improved services, increased patronage, reduced government subsidies and no real increase in fares. However, within 2 years, it became apparent that these predictions had been over optimistic, and subsequent negotiations saw the departure of one of the three franchisees and a renegotiation of agreements with the remaining two operators leading to substantial increases in subsidy levels. The paper reviews the Melbourne privatization experience to assess the extent to which it has produced benefits, the reasons the original predictions were not met and the extent to which the problems were avoidable. It concludes that although the Melbourne franchises were expressly designed legally to transfer revenue risk to the private operators, they failed to achieve this as a matter of practicality. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 433-449 Issue: 4 Volume: 25 Year: 2004 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164042000335779 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164042000335779 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:25:y:2004:i:4:p:433-449 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stephen Ison Author-X-Name-First: Stephen Author-X-Name-Last: Ison Author-Name: Tom Rye Author-X-Name-First: Tom Author-X-Name-Last: Rye Title: Implementing Road User Charging: The Lessons Learnt from Hong Kong, Cambridge and Central London Abstract: Road user charging has long been advocated as a means of dealing with congestion in urban areas. Numerous schemes have been proposed but have advanced little beyond the drawing board. This paper draws on the experiences of two such road user charging schemes, namely Electronic Road Pricing in Hong Kong, China, and Congestion Metering in the city of Cambridge, UK, and it seeks to make comparisons with the way implementation of congestion charging in Central London, UK, has been undertaken. What lessons can be learnt from the three examples that would aid authorities considering such a course of action? Certain issues have contributed to the two schemes not being implemented, such as the level of congestion not being severe enough, the clarity of objectives, invasion of road user’s privacy, and timing and presentation. The paper seeks to compare and contrast the issues resulting in the schemes not being implemented with those of the successfully implemented scheme. The conclusion is that it is not possible to attribute the successful implementation of congestion charging to one issue alone. The role of a policy champion, public support given the severity of congestion, a single implementing agency, an understanding of the scheme’s objectives, and timing and clear presentation have all been important factors. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 451-465 Issue: 4 Volume: 25 Year: 2005 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164042000335788 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164042000335788 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:25:y:2005:i:4:p:451-465 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tae‐Hyeong KWON Author-X-Name-First: Tae‐Hyeong Author-X-Name-Last: KWON Author-Name: John Preston Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Preston Title: Driving Forces behind the Growth of Per‐capita Car Driving Distance in the UK, 1970--2000 Abstract: Abstract Although per‐capita car trip distance (measured in passenger‐km) and car driving distance (measured in vehicle‐km) in the UK have kept increasing, their growth rates slowed considerably in the 1990s when compared with the 1970s and 1980s. The paper investigates the main driving forces behind the changes in car trip and car driving distances, and it examines the determining factors for the slow down of growth in the 1990s on the basis of the analysis of data from the National Travel Survey (1975/76, 1989/91, 1992/94, 1995/97 and 1999/2001). In particular, it emphasizes the significance of changes in car ownership levels as a key driving force and attempts to separate this ‘car ownership effect’ from other effects. The log‐mean Divisia index decomposition method is applied to measure the relative contribution of each effect. Separate analyses are undertaken according to trip purpose. Other underlying causes, such as changes in fuel price and road capacity, are also examined. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 467-490 Issue: 4 Volume: 25 Year: 2004 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164052000336489 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164052000336489 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:25:y:2004:i:4:p:467-490 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: CATHARINUS F. JAARSMA Author-X-Name-First: CATHARINUS F. Author-X-Name-Last: JAARSMA Author-Name: HEIN BOTMA Author-X-Name-First: HEIN Author-X-Name-Last: BOTMA Author-Name: RAOUL BEUNEN Author-X-Name-First: RAOUL Author-X-Name-Last: BEUNEN Title: Passing Bays for Slow Moving Vehicles on Rural Two‐lane Roads Abstract: Abstract Slow‐moving vehicles, including agricultural vehicles, on arterial highways can cause serious delays to other traffic as well as posing an extra safety risk. This paper elaborates on a small‐scale solution for these problems: the passing bay. It investigates the impacts of a passing bay on the total delay for other motorized vehicles, the number of passing manoeuvres and hindered vehicles, and the mean delay per hindered vehicle. The latter is also considered to be an indicator for traffic safety. The calculations are performed for two characteristic trips with a slow‐moving vehicle. The passing bay is an effective solution to reducing delays on arterial highways when two‐way hourly volumes exceed 600--1000 vehicles. The effects depend on the trip length and speed of the slow‐moving vehicle, and on the passing sight distance limitations of the road. A distance of 2--4 km between the passing bays seems an acceptable compromise between the reduction of delay for other motorized vehicles and the extra discomfort and delay for drivers of slow‐moving vehicles. This result also shows that passing bays are not effective in regions where slow‐moving vehicles mainly make trips shorter than this distance. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 491-509 Issue: 4 Volume: 25 Year: 2004 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640500038805 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640500038805 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:25:y:2004:i:4:p:491-509 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Georgina Santos Author-X-Name-First: Georgina Author-X-Name-Last: Santos Title: Urban Congestion Charging: A Comparison between London and Singapore Abstract: Abstract The congestion charging schemes in London and Singapore are compared and assessed in the light of guidelines set out in the Smeed Report, published by the UK Ministry of Transport in 1964, and their performance in reducing congestion and raising net revenue. The aim is to draw lessons for other towns and cities considering the introduction of congestion charging. One important result from Electronic Road Pricing in Singapore is that a per‐entry charge is more effective at reducing congestion than a per‐day charge. It is concluded that although Electronic Road Pricing in Singapore is more in line with the desirable properties outlined in the Smeed Report, both schemes are part of a wider package of transport policies, and that is probably the most important reason for their success. The main lesson for other towns and cities around the world considering the possibility of introducing congestion charging is that any such scheme ought to be accompanied by complementary measures that will provide motorists with a valid alternative to the car. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 511-534 Issue: 5 Volume: 25 Year: 2004 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640500064439 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640500064439 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:25:y:2004:i:5:p:511-534 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jonathan Crockett Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan Author-X-Name-Last: Crockett Author-Name: Nick Hounsell Author-X-Name-First: Nick Author-X-Name-Last: Hounsell Title: Role of the Travel Factor Convenience in Rail Travel and a Framework for its Assessment Abstract: Abstract This paper reviews the travel factor convenience with particular regard to rail travel. Past research has shown that convenience is a concept readily associated with the private car and its perceived ability to provide a door‐to‐door journey. Private vehicles such as cars are often key competitors to public transport. However, convenience with regard to public transport has proved to be somewhat of an ambiguous concept, often showing a high degree of overlap with the other main recognized travel factors. This paper shows that it is possible to consider convenience in rail travel as an embodiment of four themes: access/egress, station facilities/environment, frequency of service/scheduling and interchange between train services. A list of physically measurable elements can be produced relating to these four themes in order to assess the convenience of any particular station. A categorization process is proposed based upon the initial findings of a questionnaire designed to obtain a user perspective upon convenience. It is concluded that no definitive measure of convenience can be produced for rail travel, although a proxy measure, based upon categorization, containing some or all of the defined elements should be possible. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 535-555 Issue: 5 Volume: 25 Year: 2005 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640500064389 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640500064389 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:25:y:2005:i:5:p:535-555 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elisabeth Gouvernal Author-X-Name-First: Elisabeth Author-X-Name-Last: Gouvernal Author-Name: Julien Daydou Author-X-Name-First: Julien Author-X-Name-Last: Daydou Title: Container Railfreight Services in North‐west Europe: Diversity of Organizational Forms in a Liberalizing Environment Abstract: Abstract The institutional environment of rail transport has changed as a result of recent European directives, but the changes have taken different forms from one country to another. In the case of international maritime chains, the development of door‐to‐door services makes inland haulage from the loading and discharging ports extremely important, and it highlights the need to reshape the rail freight industry. This paper analyses the degree of involvement of different actors drawn from the maritime industry in developing and commercializing rail services in the changing regulatory environment. Several maritime operators, shipping lines, port‐handling companies and port authorities have been involved in some container rail services since the early days of liberalization. Their commitments take very different forms, however. Whereas contracts are mainly used for the provision of service, particularly for train haulage, integration by means of shareholding or creating subsidiaries or joint ventures is used for marketing. Important differences between France, the UK, Germany and the Netherlands are detailed. In the latter two countries, there is more involvement in the provision of rail services. Marketing rail services appear to be the main strategic issue for the maritime operators in all four countries Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 557-571 Issue: 5 Volume: 25 Year: 2005 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640500072127 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640500072127 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:25:y:2005:i:5:p:557-571 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bart W. Wiegmans Author-X-Name-First: Bart W. Author-X-Name-Last: Wiegmans Title: Evaluation of Potentially Successful Barge Innovations Abstract: Abstract The challenge in this paper is to examine to what extent increased barge transport offers an alternative for road transport. To increase barge transport, innovations are needed. The central issue is as follows. Which barge innovations can be implemented successfully? The paper reviews the most important academic literature (some of which is scarce) on barge transport. The literature has been used as input to evaluate the potential of barge innovations for broad market‐based introduction. Furthermore, the innovations have been evaluated on their potential to enlarge the barge market. The analysis leads to a number of conclusions. The most promising innovations for a successful broad‐based market introduction are the catalyst and filter systems Z‐drive, Tempomaat, air‐lubricated barges, model shift scans, Distrivaart, dedicated barges and sea--river transport. Besides the innovation having a success potential in terms of broad‐based market introduction, it is important that the innovation enlarges the market for barge transport. Only three of the potential successful innovations (Distrivaart, dedicated barges and sea--river transport) also show the potential to enlarge the market for barge transport. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 573-589 Issue: 5 Volume: 25 Year: 2005 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640500092208 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640500092208 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:25:y:2005:i:5:p:573-589 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. A. Nijland Author-X-Name-First: H. A. Author-X-Name-Last: Nijland Author-Name: G. P. Van Wee Author-X-Name-First: G. P. Author-X-Name-Last: Van Wee Title: Traffic Noise in Europe: A Comparison of Calculation Methods, Noise Indices and Noise Standards for Road and Railroad Traffic in Europe Abstract: Abstract As the international dimension of environmental laws and legislation is gaining in importance, it has become increasingly essential to compare and assess international data. Can international data on noise, often produced by using different national calculation methods, be compared? And what does it mean for (inter)national noise policy? This paper focuses on international data on noise created by road and railroad traffic. Research shows possible differences in the outcome of noise calculations using different national methodologies of up to 15 dB(A). Furthermore, national noise indices and noise standards differ considerably, making it even more difficult to compare data on noise exposure. Therefore, harmonization of calculation methods and noise indices, as initiated by the European Commission, is a necessary first step. Although noise standards are left to the Member States, an effective European noise policy would be enhanced if the same type of indices were used for both noise‐level calculations and noise standards. L aeq‐type indices are recommended in this regard. Although harmonizing noise calculations and using the same kind of indices would make noise data more comparable, it would still not make Europe quieter. This is why noise measures, preferably at the source, are necessary. The European Commission in Brussels plays a major role in introducing these noise measures. Reduction of tyre noise by tightening emission limits is the most promising option. This may be supported at the national level by applying silent pavements. Integrating noise into spatial planning is the most cost‐effective option at the local level. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 591-612 Issue: 5 Volume: 25 Year: 2004 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640500115850 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640500115850 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:25:y:2004:i:5:p:591-612 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Becky P. Y. Loo Author-X-Name-First: Becky P. Y. Author-X-Name-Last: Loo Author-Name: W. T. Hung Author-X-Name-First: W. T. Author-X-Name-Last: Hung Author-Name: Hong K. Lo Author-X-Name-First: Hong K. Author-X-Name-Last: Lo Author-Name: S. C. Wong Author-X-Name-First: S. C. Author-X-Name-Last: Wong Title: Road Safety Strategies: A Comparative Framework and Case Studies Abstract: Abstract This paper proposes a nine‐component analytical framework for developing, comparing, and evaluating road safety strategies. The nine components are: (1) vision; (2) objectives; (3) targets; (4) action plan; (5) evaluation and monitoring; (6) research and development; (7) quantitative modelling; (8) institutional framework; and (9) funding. While the first four components are essential for the formulation of a road safety strategy, the remaining components are key to its successful implementation. To demonstrate the usefulness of this comparative framework, we examine the road safety strategies of six selected administrations: Australia, California, Great Britain, Japan, New Zealand, and Sweden. In these case studies, we extract and highlight good practices in the formulation and implementation of their road safety strategies. The proposed framework also provides a systematic approach for assessing road safety strategies in other administrations. The evaluation of the six case studies forms a benchmarking platform for the planning, formulation, and implementation of good practices for road safety strategies. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 613-639 Issue: 5 Volume: 25 Year: 2005 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640500115892 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640500115892 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:25:y:2005:i:5:p:613-639 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bent Flyvbjerg Author-X-Name-First: Bent Author-X-Name-Last: Flyvbjerg Author-Name: Mette K. Skamris Holm Author-X-Name-First: Mette K. Author-X-Name-Last: Skamris Holm Author-Name: Søren L. Buhl Author-X-Name-First: Søren L. Author-X-Name-Last: Buhl Title: Inaccuracy in Traffic Forecasts Abstract: Abstract This paper presents results from the first statistically significant study of traffic forecasts in transportation infrastructure projects. The sample used is the largest of its kind, covering 210 projects in 14 nations worth US$58 billion. The study shows with very high statistical significance that forecasters generally do a poor job of estimating the demand for transportation infrastructure projects. The result is substantial downside financial and economic risk. Forecasts have not become more accurate over the 30‐year period studied. If techniques and skills for arriving at accurate demand forecasts have improved over time, as often claimed by forecasters, this does not show in the data. For nine out of ten rail projects, passenger forecasts are overestimated; average overestimation is 106%. For 72% of rail projects, forecasts are overestimated by more than two‐thirds. For 50% of road projects, the difference between actual and forecasted traffic is more than ±20%; for 25% of road projects, the difference is larger than ±40%. Forecasts for roads are more accurate and more balanced than for rail, with no significant difference between the frequency of inflated versus deflated forecasts. But for both rail and road projects, the risk is substantial that demand forecasts are incorrect by a large margin. The causes of inaccuracy in forecasts are different for rail and road projects, with political causes playing a larger role for rail than for road. The cure is more accountability and reference class forecasting. Highly inaccurate traffic forecasts combined with large standard deviations translate into large financial and economic risks. But such risks are typically ignored or downplayed by planners and decision‐makers, to the detriment of social and economic welfare. The paper presents the data and approach with which planners may begin valid and reliable risk assessment. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 1-24 Issue: 1 Volume: 26 Year: 2005 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640500124779 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640500124779 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:26:y:2005:i:1:p:1-24 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marie‐HéLène Massot Author-X-Name-First: Marie‐HéLène Author-X-Name-Last: Massot Author-Name: Jimmy Armoogum Author-X-Name-First: Jimmy Author-X-Name-Last: Armoogum Author-Name: Patrick Bonnel Author-X-Name-First: Patrick Author-X-Name-Last: Bonnel Author-Name: David Caubel Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Caubel Title: Potential for Car Use Reduction through a Simulation Approach: Paris and Lyon Case Studies Abstract: Abstract The aim of the present study is to evaluate the possible extent of modal shifts from car use to ‘alternative modes’ (public transport, cycling, walking) without any change in individual patterns of activity. Its approach is based on a transfer procedure that allows the simulation of the maximal potential market for transport modes other than the private car. The method is based on repeated iterations of a simulation model that assigns journeys to transport modes other than the automobile based on a number of improved public transport scenarios. Demand is channelled towards individual modes (walking, cycling), public transport, and a combination of individual and public modes, based on their relative time and distance performance. The modal transfer procedure is applied to several transport supply scenarios, which provide a picture of what is possible in the sphere of modal split. Each simulation entails a potential transfer of private vehicle‐km to each of the other modes. Even where different public transport scenarios are simulated, the transfer is evaluated for round trips in both the Paris and Lyon surveys. There is therefore no modification in the activity pattern of the people surveyed nor trips induced by improvements in transport supply. The aim is not to predict what would be the modal split in other circumstances, but the upper limit of the shifts. This paper presents our methodology and the principal results obtained through numerical simulations based on figures for the Paris and Lyon conurbations. This approach demonstrates that a policy focused on modal shifts has the potential to reduce car use, but that this potential is limited. Any aspiration to reduce car use further would mean changes in the patterns and loci of activity. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 25-42 Issue: 1 Volume: 26 Year: 2005 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640500124787 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640500124787 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:26:y:2005:i:1:p:25-42 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sendy Farag Author-X-Name-First: Sendy Author-X-Name-Last: Farag Author-Name: Kevin J. Krizek Author-X-Name-First: Kevin J. Author-X-Name-Last: Krizek Author-Name: Martin Dijst Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Dijst Title: E‐Shopping and its Relationship with In‐store Shopping: Empirical Evidence from the Netherlands and the USA Abstract: Abstract Despite considerable examination of the impact of telecommunications on travel, little empirical evidence sheds light on the impact of e‐shopping on travel—a recent and increasingly popular form of telecommunications. This paper analyses determinants of online buying and their relationship with in‐store shopping, using empirical data obtained from Minneapolis, USA, and Utrecht, the Netherlands. Based on chi‐square tests and logistic and ordinary least‐squares regressions, the results indicate that online buying is affected by sociodemographics and spatial characteristics of people, their Internet experience, and their attitudes towards in‐store shopping. US respondents who prefer to see products in person are less likely to buy online. Dutch respondents are more likely to buy online as travel times to shops are shorter. At first sight, this counterintuitive result might be related to an urban, innovative lifestyle that supports e‐shopping. A more detailed analysis of Dutch online buyers reveals that they make more shopping trips than non‐online buyers and have a shorter shopping duration. The results indicate that the relationship between online buying and in‐store shopping is not one of substitution but of complementarity. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 43-61 Issue: 1 Volume: 26 Year: 2005 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640500158496 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640500158496 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:26:y:2005:i:1:p:43-61 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anvita Anand Author-X-Name-First: Anvita Author-X-Name-Last: Anand Author-Name: Geetam Tiwari Author-X-Name-First: Geetam Author-X-Name-Last: Tiwari Title: A Gendered Perspective of the Shelter--Transport--Livelihood Link: The Case of Poor Women in Delhi Abstract: Abstract Women form an important part of the workforce originating from the slums in the city of Delhi, India. The paper illustrates that women spend more time travelling on slower modes of transport to access work; the faster modes are more expensive. Their time--poverty demands they look for work at shorter distances from home. The basic argument presented is that their ability to contribute to the alleviation of their standard of living and their status in society is severely curtailed by their limited mobility and the constrained accessibility to the transport system of the city. This transport deprivation becomes further exacerbated by the process of forced eviction and relocation of low‐income households to the periphery of the city, causing the women to lose livelihood opportunities. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 63-80 Issue: 1 Volume: 26 Year: 2005 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640500175615 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640500175615 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:26:y:2005:i:1:p:63-80 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Milan Janic Author-X-Name-First: Milan Author-X-Name-Last: Janic Title: Sustainable Transport in the European Union: A Review of the Past Research and Future Ideas Abstract: Abstract This paper presents a review of the research on the sustainability of transport systems carried out over the last 15 years for the European Union (EU), identifies some missing gaps and elaborates on the prospective future ideas. The general concept of sustainable development and definitions of sustainability of transport systems and their operationalization are discussed. These are followed by the general review of the research on the sustainable transport systems funded by the EU 4th, 5th and 6th Framework Programs. Consequently, refinement of existing and/or developing an innovative system for monitoring sustainability of transport systems in the EU based on the indicator system(s) of performances is suggested as a prospective research idea. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 81-104 Issue: 1 Volume: 26 Year: 2005 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640500178908 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640500178908 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:26:y:2005:i:1:p:81-104 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brian Graham Author-X-Name-First: Brian Author-X-Name-Last: Graham Author-Name: Timothy M. Vowles Author-X-Name-First: Timothy M. Author-X-Name-Last: Vowles Title: Carriers within Carriers: A Strategic Response to Low‐cost Airline Competition Abstract: Abstract This paper addresses the segmentation of brands and markets as mainline airlines reposition themselves to meet the challenge of low‐cost competitors through the creation of subsidiary ‘carriers‐within‐carriers’ (CWCs) with lower unit costs than the parent companies. The paper provides an analysis of the CWC strategy and presents a detailed discussion of the evolution of that strategy across space and through time (as of March 2005). This global survey establishes that legacy carriers have radically divergent responses and attitudes to the CWC strategy and that there is only very limited evidence that it constitutes an effective market response to low‐cost competition. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 105-126 Issue: 1 Volume: 26 Year: 2005 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640500179377 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640500179377 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:26:y:2005:i:1:p:105-126 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Caspar G. Chorus Author-X-Name-First: Caspar G. Author-X-Name-Last: Chorus Author-Name: Eric J. E. Molin Author-X-Name-First: Eric J. E. Author-X-Name-Last: Molin Author-Name: Bert Van Wee Author-X-Name-First: Bert Author-X-Name-Last: Van Wee Title: Use and Effects of Advanced Traveller Information Services (ATIS): A Review of the Literature Abstract: Abstract Rapid technological developments in the field of personal communication services probe visions of a next generation in Advanced Traveller Information Services (ATIS). These technological developments provoke a renewed interest in the use and effect of such next‐generation ATIS among academia as well as practitioners. To understand better the potential use and effects of such next‐generation ATIS, a thorough review is warranted of contemporary conceptual ideas and empirical findings on the use of travel information (services) and their effects on travellers’ choices. This paper presents such a review and integrates behavioural determinants such as the role of decision strategies with manifest determinants such as trip contexts and socio‐economic variables into a coherent framework of information acquisition and its effect on travellers’ perceptions. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 127-149 Issue: 2 Volume: 26 Year: 2005 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640500333677 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640500333677 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:26:y:2005:i:2:p:127-149 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daniel K. Jonsson Author-X-Name-First: Daniel K. Author-X-Name-Last: Jonsson Author-Name: Jessica Johansson Author-X-Name-First: Jessica Author-X-Name-Last: Johansson Title: Indirect Effects to Include in Strategic Environmental Assessments of Transport Infrastructure Investments Abstract: Abstract Indirect effects are important considerations when making consequence analyses in general and in strategic environmental assessments in particular of potential transport solutions and infrastructure plans. The primary objective of this paper is to emphasize the need for a deeper understanding of the long‐term system effects of investments in transport infrastructure with a focus on the structuring effects that roads and railways have on society, e.g. altered transport patterns, altered settlement structures and changes in use of the built environment. Special attention is given to the following potential indirect effects: increased total transport volume, increased share of private motorists and truck transport, increased urban sprawl, and increased energy use in buildings. The conditions that determine the power of the effects are discussed and a number of key factors to be considered in transport infrastructure planning, especially in strategic environmental assessments, are suggested. Since many indirect effects emerge over time, an extended time perspective is of essence. Therefore, scenario techniques may be useful when analysing indirect effects in transport planning processes. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 151-166 Issue: 2 Volume: 26 Year: 2005 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640500332406 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640500332406 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:26:y:2005:i:2:p:151-166 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wei Yim Yap Author-X-Name-First: Wei Yim Author-X-Name-Last: Yap Author-Name: Jasmine S. L. LAM Author-X-Name-First: Jasmine S. L. Author-X-Name-Last: LAM Author-Name: Theo Notteboom Author-X-Name-First: Theo Author-X-Name-Last: Notteboom Title: Developments in Container Port Competition in East Asia Abstract: Abstract The ports of Hong Kong, Busan and Kaohsiung have long dominated container handling in East Asia. However, the emergence of new transhipment and gateway hub candidates, which include Shanghai, Shenzhen, Kwangyang and Qingdao, among others, will vie with these incumbents for a greater share of container traffic. Some might even unseat the incumbents. This study finds, through evidences from container shipping services connecting the region to major markets and trade routes between 1995 and 2001, that Mainland Chinese ports are increasingly attractive as direct ports of call for mainline services. The evidence also suggests that new services started by mainline operators calling at Mainland China are bypassing Japanese and Taiwanese ports. Nonetheless, these services continue to call at Hong Kong. Although the composition of containers handled at Mainland Chinese ports consists largely of gateway cargo, these ports are expected to handle a rising share of transhipment traffic. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 167-188 Issue: 2 Volume: 26 Year: 2005 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640500271117 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640500271117 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:26:y:2005:i:2:p:167-188 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chin‐Shan Lu Author-X-Name-First: Chin‐Shan Author-X-Name-Last: Lu Author-Name: Kee‐Hung Lai Author-X-Name-First: Kee‐Hung Author-X-Name-Last: Lai Author-Name: T. C. E. Cheng Author-X-Name-First: T. C. E. Author-X-Name-Last: Cheng Title: Adoption of Internet Services in Liner Shipping: An Empirical Study of Shippers in Taiwan Abstract: Abstract The Internet service attributes desired by shippers were examined as well as a model that seeks to explain the intention of shippers to use Internet services in liner shipping. Using data collected from a survey of a group of shippers in Taiwan, the relationships among the constructs in the model were tested, namely: perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, security and use intention. The results suggest that shippers perceive tracing to be the most important service attribute of Internet services, followed by checking for customs clearance, vessel schedules and electronic document services. The findings indicate that perceived ease of use is the major factor affecting the intention of shippers to use Internet services, and that perceived ease of use has a strong positive effect on perceived usefulness. The results also indicate that security has a positive effect on a shipper’s perception of ease of use. However, the influence of security on use intention and perceived usefulness was not supported in this study. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings on the intention of shippers to use Internet services in liner shipping are discussed. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 189-206 Issue: 2 Volume: 26 Year: 2005 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640500246713 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640500246713 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:26:y:2005:i:2:p:189-206 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mikko Punakivi Author-X-Name-First: Mikko Author-X-Name-Last: Punakivi Author-Name: Ville Hinkka Author-X-Name-First: Ville Author-X-Name-Last: Hinkka Title: Selection Criteria of Transportation Mode: A Case Study in Four Finnish Industry Sectors Abstract: Abstract This paper takes a closer look at the very basics of logistics and it analyses the selection criteria of transportation services from the industrial point of view as the main research problem. It also tries to establish a better understanding of which industrial sectors are using which mode of logistics services and why. According to the analysis, the high value and especially high price/kg ratio of products, short life cycles and worldwide markets are typical reasons to use rapid modes of transport. The high price/kg ratio of products and the short life cycles, for example in the electronics industry, cause high price erosion and support selecting transport based on speed, as proportional transport costs remain small, even when using expensive transportation modes. Based on the results, some of the future logistics needs were identified, and the aim is to help logistics service providers offer the exact services needed, providing better competitiveness for Finnish shipping companies operating in global markets. Logistics service providers are, for example, expected to have more powerful supply chain management capabilities than a single‐service provider can typically offer. Additionally, logistics service providers should have compatible operating systems with different parties of various supply chains to enable deliveries to different customer groups according to their industry’s required speed. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 207-219 Issue: 2 Volume: 26 Year: 2005 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640500191638 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640500191638 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:26:y:2005:i:2:p:207-219 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stephen Potter Author-X-Name-First: Stephen Author-X-Name-Last: Potter Author-Name: Marcus Enoch Author-X-Name-First: Marcus Author-X-Name-Last: Enoch Author-Name: Tom Rye Author-X-Name-First: Tom Author-X-Name-Last: Rye Author-Name: Colin Black Author-X-Name-First: Colin Author-X-Name-Last: Black Author-Name: Barry Ubbels Author-X-Name-First: Barry Author-X-Name-Last: Ubbels Title: Tax Treatment of Employer Commuting Support: An International Review Abstract: Abstract Correctly pricing transport behaviour to take account of the ‘external’ costs such as congestion and emissions imposed on society by excessive car use has long been a tenet of effective transportation demand management. But while policy‐makers have striven to increase public transport subsidies, raise petrol taxes and introduce road‐user charging schemes to price the real costs of car travel properly, in most cases correcting the wider influences of the personal tax regime has begun only relatively recently. This paper is based on work undertaken for the Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions, and the Inland Revenue of the UK government, which is currently working on addressing this very issue. In addition to reporting the British situation, the paper also uses a series of case studies to outline how this same process has been approached in the USA, Ireland, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland and Norway, and how successful they have been thus far with respect to transportation demand management objectives. It then draws conclusions about which direction policy‐makers should be aiming for in the future. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 221-237 Issue: 2 Volume: 26 Year: 2005 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640500184385 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640500184385 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:26:y:2005:i:2:p:221-237 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gust Blauwens Author-X-Name-First: Gust Author-X-Name-Last: Blauwens Author-Name: Nico Vandaele Author-X-Name-First: Nico Author-X-Name-Last: Vandaele Author-Name: Eddy Van de Voorde Author-X-Name-First: Eddy Author-X-Name-Last: Van de Voorde Author-Name: Bert Vernimmen Author-X-Name-First: Bert Author-X-Name-Last: Vernimmen Author-Name: Frank Witlox Author-X-Name-First: Frank Author-X-Name-Last: Witlox Title: Towards a Modal Shift in Freight Transport? A Business Logistics Analysis of Some Policy Measures Abstract: Abstract This paper analyses the effectiveness of policy measures aimed at triggering a modal shift in the freight transport market. The analysis is based on the inventory‐theoretic framework that studies modal choice from a business logistics viewpoint. The crux of the inventory‐theoretic approach lies in the fact that explicit attention is paid to all costs in the supply chain that are affected by the choice of transport mode. After a brief literature review on the inventory‐theoretic framework, the framework is used to calculate the market shares of different freight transport modes for a hypothetical transport market. In a second step, the impact of some policy measures on the market shares of the transport modes is calculated. By way of illustration, the analysis is applied to the market for container transport from a seaport to its hinterland. It is shown that a combination of certain policy measures can lead to significant modal shifts from road transport to intermodal transport. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 239-251 Issue: 2 Volume: 26 Year: 2005 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640500335565 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640500335565 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:26:y:2005:i:2:p:239-251 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jean Shaoul Author-X-Name-First: Jean Author-X-Name-Last: Shaoul Author-Name: Anne Stafford Author-X-Name-First: Anne Author-X-Name-Last: Stafford Author-Name: Pamela Stapleton Author-X-Name-First: Pamela Author-X-Name-Last: Stapleton Title: Highway Robbery? A Financial Analysis of Design, Build, Finance and Operate (DBFO) in UK Roads Abstract: Abstract The ex‐post facto cost of using private finance in roads is examined using a case study approach. The paper focuses on the first eight design, build, finance and operate (DBFO) roads commissioned by the UK Government’s Highways Agency and paid for through a system of shadow tolls. It carries out a financial analysis of the publicly available accounting information from the Highways Agency and its private sector partners for the first 6 years since the start of the 30‐year schemes in 1997. Publicly available financial information about the schemes was found to be limited and opaque. In 3 years, the Highways Agency had paid more than the construction cost. It was unclear whether the payments were higher than expected at financial close. Its private sector partners reported a post‐tax return on capital of 29% and an effective cost of capital of 11% in 2002, twice the cost of public finance. However, operating through a complex web of subcontracting creates additional, undisclosed sources of profit for their parent companies that make it difficult to establish the total cost of using private finance. The paper questions the wisdom of using private finance by providing evidence about the cost, including the cost of risk transfer. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 257-274 Issue: 3 Volume: 26 Year: 2005 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640500415243 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640500415243 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:26:y:2005:i:3:p:257-274 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Geoff Rose Author-X-Name-First: Geoff Author-X-Name-Last: Rose Title: Mobile Phones as Traffic Probes: Practices, Prospects and Issues Abstract: Abstract The provision of road‐based travel‐time information often relies on speed data collected from inductive loops imbedded in the pavement. While inductive loops are commonly installed on urban freeways, they are neither configured nor ideally located to provide speed data on arterial roads. Dissemination of dynamic, network‐wide travel information to road users is, therefore, likely to require alternative data collection techniques. This review considers the state of practice in relation to using mobile phones as traffic probes, assesses the prospects for this data collection option and identifies unresolved issues that may have implications for obtaining real‐time traffic information using mobile phones as probes. The use of mobile phones as traffic probes is appealing because the necessary infrastructure is already in place in most urban areas. Traffic speed information can be obtained by passively monitoring data transmission in the mobile phone network. International experience provides encouraging signs about the potential of mobile phones as traffic probes. Issues still to be resolved include potential public concerns about privacy, growing awareness of the road safety implications of mobile phone use and the need to understand better the quality of the data obtained from mobile phone probes. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 275-291 Issue: 3 Volume: 26 Year: 2005 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640500361108 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640500361108 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:26:y:2005:i:3:p:275-291 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Bickel Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Bickel Author-Name: Rainer Friedrich Author-X-Name-First: Rainer Author-X-Name-Last: Friedrich Author-Name: Heike Link Author-X-Name-First: Heike Author-X-Name-Last: Link Author-Name: Louise Stewart Author-X-Name-First: Louise Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart Author-Name: Chris Nash Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Nash Title: Introducing Environmental Externalities into Transport Pricing: Measurement and Implications Abstract: Abstract It is European Commission policy to charge modes of transport according to the marginal social cost of their use of the infrastructure, including environmental costs. However, progress in implementing this process has been slow, partly because of the difficulty of measuring and valuing these costs. This need has led to a great deal of research in this area in recent years. The paper presents the results of some of this research, and in particular of the European Commission‐funded Unification of Accounts and Marginal Costs for Transport Efficiency (UNITE) project. UNITE used the Impact Pathway Approach developed in the ExternE project series to provide a bottom‐up methodology for the estimation and valuation of marginal social costs of transport, taking into account the diversity of circumstances in terms of location (e.g. population density, and speed and direction of winds) and time of day. The paper first explains the approach used for the measurement and valuation of environmental costs and then presents results on both total and marginal costs. It then discusses the results of a parallel project using the same methodology that estimated the marginal social cost of road use at a very disaggregate level for different vehicle types, locations, types of road and times of day for Great Britain. The results show that off the main network and outside the conurbations, private cars are currently overcharged, but elsewhere they are charged too little, particularly in the main conurbations. Buses, and even more so heavy goods vehicles, are undercharged to a greater extent. Only a kilometre‐based charging system capable of charging at different rates by vehicle type, type and location of road, and time of day is capable of reflecting all these differences; due to the development of global positioning satellite (GPS) technology, such systems are now becoming available. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 389-415 Issue: 4 Volume: 26 Year: 2005 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640600602039 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640600602039 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:26:y:2005:i:4:p:389-415 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Abigail L. Bristow Author-X-Name-First: Abigail L. Author-X-Name-Last: Bristow Author-Name: Mark Wardman Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Wardman Title: Valuation of Aircraft Noise by Time of Day: A Comparison of Two Approaches Abstract: Abstract The paper reports on an innovative application of stated preference techniques to derive values of aircraft noise by time of day and by day of week. Revealed preference techniques cannot provide such segmentations, which would clearly be of use in policy development, especially relating to airport operations. Given the lack of research on this issue, the work reported herein is highly experimental. Two stated preference experiments were designed. The first focused on a single time period, whilst the second asked respondents to trade between time periods. Both approaches yielded results that are plausible and mutually consistent in terms of relative values by time period. It is concluded that stated preference techniques are particularly useful in this context where the use of aggregated values may lead to non‐optimal policy decisions. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 417-433 Issue: 4 Volume: 26 Year: 2005 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640600602096 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640600602096 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:26:y:2005:i:4:p:417-433 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sergio R. Jara‐Díaz Author-X-Name-First: Sergio R. Author-X-Name-Last: Jara‐Díaz Author-Name: Cristián Vergara Author-X-Name-First: Cristián Author-X-Name-Last: Vergara Author-Name: Tristán Gálvez Author-X-Name-First: Tristán Author-X-Name-Last: Gálvez Title: Methodology to Calculate Social Values for Air Pollution Using Discrete Choice Models Abstract: Abstract A new methodology for the estimation of social values of urban air pollution for project appraisal is proposed. This is performed by using individual perceptions (marginal disutilities) of those who are directly affected by this externality, which are then transformed into social values using the social welfare approach developed by Gálvez and Jara‐Díaz in 1998. The approach also unveils the implicit social bias behind the commonly accepted willingness‐to‐pay measures. The method is illustrated using individual perceptions obtained from stated preference experiments within the context of residential location including three attributes: an objective measure of air pollution by zone of the city, an index of family accessibility to work and study, and the monthly rent. Discrete residential choice models were estimated by income group, from which indirect utility functions were obtained. Marginal disutilities were used to obtain social values of air pollution for each income group by means of the calculation of a social utility of money. The methodological underpinnings and difficulties of the approach are specially highlighted. The need to establish a national programme for the estimation of social values is emphasized. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 435-449 Issue: 4 Volume: 26 Year: 2005 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640600602203 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640600602203 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:26:y:2005:i:4:p:435-449 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Riccardo Scarpa Author-X-Name-First: Riccardo Author-X-Name-Last: Scarpa Author-Name: Kenneth G. Willis Author-X-Name-First: Kenneth G. Author-X-Name-Last: Willis Title: Distribution of Willingness‐to‐Pay for Speed Reduction with Non‐positive Bidders: Is Choice Modelling Consistent with Contingent Valuation? Abstract: Abstract The paper addresses the issue of consistency between two commonly employed stated preference data—referendum contingent valuation (CV) and discrete choice modelling (CM)—with respect to estimated distributions of individual willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) for non‐market goods. The policy context is that of a local externality: effective speed reduction by means of traffic‐calming in towns crossed by fast roads. In particular, data from two independent samples of the same population are contrasted. The findings show that both methods indicate that speed reduction via traffic‐calming is valued in a polarized fashion. Results from both methods are consistent with the presence of two groups of preferences: a larger group holding positive values and a smaller one with non‐positive values. While the estimates of the relative proportions of the two groups are similar across the two data sources, once the econometric analysis of the CM responses allows for polarized preferences the estimates of the distribution of individual WTP differ substantially. The results from the choice modelling survey indicate that residents are also willing to pay for other benefits from traffic‐calming, such as noise reduction and a decreased waiting time for crossing, but preferences for these are also polarized, with WTP for aesthetic improvements being positive only for those supporting effective speed control. In comparing distributions of value estimates from CM and CV, surveys practitioners should account for the effects of taste heterogeneity over externalities and take advantage of the ability to derive individual‐specific WTP estimates from panel estimation rather than simply deriving estimates for common features of the WTP distribution. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 451-469 Issue: 4 Volume: 26 Year: 2005 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640600602252 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640600602252 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:26:y:2005:i:4:p:451-469 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luis I. Rizzi Author-X-Name-First: Luis I. Author-X-Name-Last: Rizzi Author-Name: Juan de Dios Ortúzar Author-X-Name-First: Juan de Dios Author-X-Name-Last: Ortúzar Title: Estimating the Willingness‐to‐Pay for Road Safety Improvements Abstract: Abstract The value of road safety is the fundamental input in social cost--benefit analysis of road safety schemes. It is also an increasingly important input in the social evaluation of almost any transport infrastructure project. This value is given by the amount that people are willing to pay for reducing the risk of a becoming a fatal victim or of suffering a serious injury. Traditionally, road safety willingness‐to‐pay has been estimated by means of contingent valuation and other surveys without making explicit reference to a particular travel demand context. The paper advocates the use of stated choice techniques that allow one to recreate the context of a particular trip customized to the respondent’s past experience. For this and other reasons, it is argued that the proposed method is clearly superior to previous methods for estimating people’s willingness‐to‐pay for improved road safety. The paper also provides a summary of the Chilean experience on road safety valuation using stated choice techniques; and it concludes by showing the importance of conducting local studies to elicit people’s willingness to pay for safety. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 471-485 Issue: 4 Volume: 26 Year: 2005 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640600602302 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640600602302 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:26:y:2005:i:4:p:471-485 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pere Riera Author-X-Name-First: Pere Author-X-Name-Last: Riera Author-Name: Abir Mhawej Author-X-Name-First: Abir Author-X-Name-Last: Mhawej Author-Name: Robert Mavsar Author-X-Name-First: Robert Author-X-Name-Last: Mavsar Author-Name: Raul Brey Author-X-Name-First: Raul Author-X-Name-Last: Brey Title: Fixed‐effects Hedonic Price Model for Statistical Value of Live Estimations Abstract: Abstract Relatively little attention has been given to the differences in value of statistical life (VSL) from developed and less developed countries. The paper derives a cross‐countries VSL estimate based on road fatality accidents and it provides a test to check for such differences. Estimations were obtained from a fixed‐effect hedonic price model applied to a panel of data using new and second‐hand car prices from 27 countries as a dependent variable. The VSL estimate of e6.63 million is in line with results from other studies; and the income elasticity of VSL between countries is close to unity, implying that VSL is approximately proportional to income. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 487-500 Issue: 4 Volume: 26 Year: 2005 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640600602336 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640600602336 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:26:y:2005:i:4:p:487-500 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marc Gaudry Author-X-Name-First: Marc Author-X-Name-Last: Gaudry Title: Life, Limb and Bumper Trade‐offs Calculable from Road Accident Models: An Empirical Multimoment Portfolio Analysis and Life Asset Pricing Model (LAPM) Abstract: Abstract The paper provides an empirical trade‐off analysis among the first three moments of road accident frequencies, and it is demonstrated that road drivers can be understood as behaving with respect to road accidents as investors trading among the various moments of the return of a financial asset, as they attach utility to at least three moments of the accident probability in conformity with Allais’s view. The method effectively proposes an empirical Life Asset Pricing Model (LAPM), i.e. a revealed preference alternative, derived directly from driver behaviour on the road itself, to the less direct human capital and willingness‐to‐pay approaches to the valuation of human life, termed ‘value of a statistical life’, in road risk analyses. The analysis, which is applicable in principle to any accident regression model, but performed here with two Demand for Road Use, Accidents and their Gravity (DRAG)‐type aggregate time series models, respectively, for Quebec, Canada, and western Germany, shows amazing similarities in the estimated rates of substitution among accidents of various severity levels within each region, as well as amazing dissimilarities between the regions in the asymmetry of the sample distributions pertaining to bodily injury accidents. For Quebec, where the fully documented model in official use has a long history of successful explanation and forecasting of the number and severity of road accidents, the rates of substitution among the accident frequencies of different categories imply that official Canadian human live valuations used in network accounts are too low (and the computed social cost recovery of roads too high), and that there exists a market for drivers willing to pay more for reduced driving risks than is assumed by road authorities on their behalf. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 501-520 Issue: 4 Volume: 26 Year: 2006 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640600688616 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640600688616 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:26:y:2006:i:4:p:501-520 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David A. Hensher Author-X-Name-First: David A. Author-X-Name-Last: Hensher Title: Integrating Accident and Travel Delay Externalities in an Urban Speed Reduction Context Abstract: Abstract Accident externality costs remain controversial in terms of their costing and valuation. Much of the literature on accident and travel delay externalities treats each source as mutually exclusive and additive, yet common sense suggests that interdependencies prevail. One example of this is the recognition that accident externalities are not independent of travel delays, and hence travel time savings and losses are influenced by policy designed to reduce the risk of exposure to accidents. Reduced maximum speed limit restrictions also add costs in terms of loss of travel time (and increased speed limits produce travel time benefits). Also, lowered speed limits may lead to more drivers risking exceeding the speed limit because of perceived time loss, thereby exacerbating the potential for accidents. The paper takes a close look at the empirical relationship between accident and travel delay externalities in an urban setting, accounting for the risk‐compensating behaviour under conditions of greater accident risk. Recognizing that levels of risk in an urban setting are broadly a function of traffic densities and that the latter can be approximated by the mix of free flow and non‐free flow travel time (for a given total travel time), an aggregate marginal externality cost function is used to quantify empirically the input elements in the context of a driver’s choice between a free and a tolled route in Sydney, Australia. This discrete choice context is sufficient, given an externally established relationship between speed and traffic density, to quantify the marginal externality accident and travel time delay costs. It is shown what additional externality has to be factored into the accident costs to recognize the other sources of externality typically ignored in accident costing and speed restriction studies. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 521-534 Issue: 4 Volume: 26 Year: 2005 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640600602369 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640600602369 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:26:y:2005:i:4:p:521-534 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petter Næss Author-X-Name-First: Petter Author-X-Name-Last: Næss Author-Name: Bent Flyvbjerg Author-X-Name-First: Bent Author-X-Name-Last: Flyvbjerg Author-Name: Søren Buhl Author-X-Name-First: Søren Author-X-Name-Last: Buhl Title: Do Road Planners Produce More ‘Honest Numbers’ than Rail Planners? An Analysis of Accuracy in Road‐traffic Forecasts in Cities versus Peripheral Regions Abstract: Abstract Based on a review of available data from a database on large‐scale transport infrastructure projects, this paper investigates the hypothesis that traffic forecasts for road links in Europe are geographically biased with underestimated traffic volumes in metropolitan areas and overestimated traffic volumes in remote regions. The present data do not support this hypothesis. Since previous studies have shown a strong tendency to overestimated forecasts of the number of passengers on new rail projects, it could be speculated that road planners are more skilful and/or honest than rail planners. However, during the period when the investigated projects were planned (up to the late 1980s), there were hardly any strong incentives for road planners to make biased forecasts in order to place their projects in a more flattering light. Future research might uncover whether the change from the ‘predict and provide’ paradigm to ‘predict and prevent’ occurring in some European countries in the 1990s has influenced the accuracy of road traffic forecasts in metropolitan areas. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 537-555 Issue: 5 Volume: 26 Year: 2005 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640500532005 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640500532005 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:26:y:2005:i:5:p:537-555 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nils O. E. Olsson Author-X-Name-First: Nils O. E. Author-X-Name-Last: Olsson Title: Impact Analysis of Railway Projects in a Flexibility Perspective Abstract: Abstract In a multiple case study, using both quantitative and qualitative data, the traffic impact of four Norwegian railway investment projects was analysed, focusing on the development of punctuality, frequency, travel time, number of travellers and construction cost. Front‐end ex‐ante predictions are compared with observed ex‐post outcome. Key success criteria for realization of planned benefits in the studied railway investment projects have been a combination of infrastructure development and acceptance for timetable adjustments. Investments that are executed in a large‐scale continuous construction process appear to be more likely to achieve such acceptance compared with investments built and decided upon section by section. Of the studied projects, section‐by‐section commitment to investments provided a better cost control than what was the case for continuous construction projects. In addition, this study points to challenges in realizing travel time reductions in a system with a combination of single tracks and high capacity utilization of double tracks. It is advised to clarify in appraisal documentation that benefits related to railway infrastructure investments are depending on appropriate timetable adjustments. The results indicate that a flexibility option (to sequence a decision process) may actually reduce the benefit potential of an investment. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 557-569 Issue: 5 Volume: 26 Year: 2006 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640600558231 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640600558231 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:26:y:2006:i:5:p:557-569 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dewan M. Z. Islam Author-X-Name-First: Dewan M. Z. Author-X-Name-Last: Islam Author-Name: John Dinwoodie Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Dinwoodie Author-Name: M. Roe Author-X-Name-First: M. Author-X-Name-Last: Roe Title: Promoting Development through Multimodal Freight Transport in Bangladesh Abstract: Abstract Development emanating from international trade and investment in many least‐developed economies is impeded by inland freight transport systems that restrict multimodal transport. Increasing international trade may raise gross domestic product, generating increased demand for internal containerized cargo movements, but the requisite transport infrastructure is lacking. The paper explores impediments to developing effective multimodal transport and possible solutions in Bangladesh, which is an extreme case in point. It reports applications of Delphi techniques that explored local expert opinions regarding policies required to tackle such impediments. A panel of corporate executives perceived a changing inland transport system poorly suited to efficient origin‐to‐destination cargo movements in international supply chains. To promote further development, customs procedures must be streamlined and Bangladeshi shippers must adopt a door‐to‐door transport system. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 571-591 Issue: 5 Volume: 26 Year: 2006 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640600576902 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640600576902 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:26:y:2006:i:5:p:571-591 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Moshe Givoni Author-X-Name-First: Moshe Author-X-Name-Last: Givoni Title: Development and Impact of the Modern High‐speed Train: A Review Abstract: Abstract The inauguration of the Shinkansen high‐speed train service between Tokyo and Osaka, Japan, at 210 kph maximum operating speed some 40 years ago marked the comeback of the train as an important passenger mode of transport. Since then high‐speed train (HST) services have been introduced in many countries and are planned in many more, and the train has once more become the dominant mode of transport on many routes. This review summarizes the different elements of HST operation with the aim of characterizing HST operation and putting in context its impact in terms of what it is best designed for and what it can deliver. The review concludes that the HST is best designed to substitute conventional railway services on routes where much higher capacity is required and to reduce travel time, further improving the railway service, also against other modes, therefore leading to mode substitution. However, the high investment in HST infrastructure could not be justified based on its economic development benefits since these are not certain. Finally, the following definition for HST services is suggested: high capacity and frequency railway services achieving an average speed of over 200 kph. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 593-611 Issue: 5 Volume: 26 Year: 2006 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640600589319 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640600589319 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:26:y:2006:i:5:p:593-611 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Víctor Cantillo Author-X-Name-First: Víctor Author-X-Name-Last: Cantillo Author-Name: Juan de Dios Ortúzar Author-X-Name-First: Juan de Dios Author-X-Name-Last: Ortúzar Title: Implications of Thresholds in Discrete Choice Modelling Abstract: Abstract Individual choices are affected by complex factors and the challenge consists of how to incorporate these factors in order to improve the realism of the modelling work. The presence of limits, cut‐offs or thresholds in the perception and appraisal of both attributes and alternatives is part of the complexity inherent to choice‐making behaviour. The paper considers the existence of thresholds in three contexts: inertia (habit or reluctance to change), minimum perceptible changes in attribute values, and as a mechanism for accepting or rejecting alternatives. It discusses the more relevant approaches in modelling these types of thresholds and analyses their implications in model estimation and forecasting using both synthetic and real databanks. It is clear from the analysis that if thresholds exist but are not considered, the estimated models will be biased and may produce significant errors in prediction. Fortunately, there are practical methods to attack this problem and some are demonstrated. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 667-691 Issue: 6 Volume: 26 Year: 2005 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640500487275 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640500487275 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:26:y:2005:i:6:p:667-691 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wanpen Charoentrakulpeeti Author-X-Name-First: Wanpen Author-X-Name-Last: Charoentrakulpeeti Author-Name: Edsel Sajor Author-X-Name-First: Edsel Author-X-Name-Last: Sajor Author-Name: Willi Zimmermann Author-X-Name-First: Willi Author-X-Name-Last: Zimmermann Title: Middle‐class Travel Patterns, Predispositions and Attitudes, and Present‐day Transport Policy in Bangkok, Thailand Abstract: Abstract Middle‐class expansion and new consumption patterns have increasingly become an important focus of studies of the development and change in newly industrialized and middle‐income‐developing East and South East Asian countries. However, there is still a dearth of studies in the literature particularly focusing on middle‐class travel patterns, predispositions and transport policy preferences. Nor have the implications of these factors on current transport and land development policy been examined. The present exploratory study addresses this gap by examining three cases in Bangkok, Thailand, which in recent decades witnessed dramatic middle‐class expansion, an increase in private motor vehicle population, and spatial diffusion of middle‐class residences into lower‐density zones in the suburbs. By mainly employing a survey method of data‐gathering and quantitative research analysis, the paper discusses the following findings: (1) that middle‐class travel behaviour is characterized by a high dependence on private motor vehicle travel and ‘inward commuting’; (2) that middle‐class preferences for transport mode and attitudes about remedial policy options are generally protective of their members’ car‐dependence and ownership; and (3) that present policy measures of the Thai government on Bangkok transport perfectly fit and support exclusively middle‐ and upper‐class predispositions and stakes in mobility. These findings in a developing country city basically follow a similar profile to be found in middle‐class‐dominant transport patterns and urban form in a number of North American cities. This paper further argues that in a developing country city such as Bangkok, where marked social differentiation and the combined population of poor and low‐income classes still comprise almost half of the urban social landscape despite an expanding middle‐class, an adequate and good public transport system that also meets the former’s need for efficient mobility is an imperative. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 693-712 Issue: 6 Volume: 26 Year: 2006 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640600746927 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640600746927 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:26:y:2006:i:6:p:693-712 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Morrell Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Morrell Author-Name: William Swan Author-X-Name-First: William Author-X-Name-Last: Swan Title: Airline Jet Fuel Hedging: Theory and Practice Abstract: Abstract Most international airlines hedge fuel costs, but the theoretical justification behind this action is weak. The paper explores the nature and extent of airline fuel hedging and asks why airlines hedge. The availability of hedging instruments is first discussed, with the most liquid markets in crude and exchange traded contracts. Aviation fuel contracts are possible, but with counter‐party risk. Most major passenger airlines with sufficient cash and credit now hedge at least part of their future needs. Hedging does protect profits against a sudden upturn in crude prices caused by political and consumer uncertainty leading to slower economic growth. However, if higher oil prices are induced by strong economic growth and oil supply constraints, hedging increases volatility with hedging gains reinforcing improved profits from higher traffic and improved yields. If hedging does not reduce volatility, it may still have an accounting role in moving profits from one time period to another, insure against bankruptcy, and signal the competence of management to investors and other stakeholders. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 713-730 Issue: 6 Volume: 26 Year: 2006 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640600679524 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640600679524 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:26:y:2006:i:6:p:713-730 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cynthia Chen Author-X-Name-First: Cynthia Author-X-Name-Last: Chen Author-Name: Jie (Jane) Lin Author-X-Name-First: Jie (Jane) Author-X-Name-Last: Lin Title: Making an Informed Vehicle Scrappage Decision Abstract: Abstract According to the US Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), the number of publicly owned vehicles in the USA reached 3 913 999 in 2003. In order to maintain a stable vehicle fleet, government agencies must repeatedly make vehicle scrappage decisions because older vehicles must first retire to make room for newer vehicles. Typically, these decisions are made based on a deterministic ranking evaluation model to select candidate vehicles for replacement. The paper applied an objective and probabilistic method to a vehicle dataset collected by the DuPage County Forest Preserve District ((DCFPD), in the state of Illinois). A Weibull‐form survival model with time‐varying covariate and unobserved heterogeneity was estimated on the dataset. The results suggest that in addition to the fact that vehicle age is negatively related to the vehicle’s survival probability, there are other variables that also appear influential. The survival probabilities of alternative fuel vehicles are similar to those of reformulated unleaded gasoline vehicles. The results suggest that a probabilistic and objective model can benefit government agencies in their vehicle scrappage decisions. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 731-748 Issue: 6 Volume: 26 Year: 2006 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640600752545 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640600752545 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:26:y:2006:i:6:p:731-748 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kang‐Rae Ma Author-X-Name-First: Kang‐Rae Author-X-Name-Last: Ma Author-Name: David Banister Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Banister Title: Excess Commuting: A Critical Review Abstract: Abstract Excess commuting is the additional journey‐to‐work travel represented by the difference between the actual average commute and the smallest possible average commute, given the spatial configuration of workplace and residential sites. Research on excess commuting has been carried out over the last 20 years since the seminal contribution of Hamilton (1982). The literature has generated much debate and controversy, and the purpose of this review paper is to assess that material critically under three main headings: contextual, methodological and policy‐related issues. The key contextual questions relate to the assumptions of transport optimization or cost minimization, socio‐economic factors, and how these are linked to urban spatial structure. The methodological issues cover spatial structure, aggregation, time or distance measures, and the boundary problem, whilst the policy‐oriented questions relate to the understanding of the effects of taking particular actions, including the behavioural response to policy initiatives. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 749-767 Issue: 6 Volume: 26 Year: 2006 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640600782609 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640600782609 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:26:y:2006:i:6:p:749-767 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zbigniew Taylor Author-X-Name-First: Zbigniew Author-X-Name-Last: Taylor Title: Book Review Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 769-771 Issue: 6 Volume: 26 Year: 2006 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640600765117 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640600765117 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:26:y:2006:i:6:p:769-771 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anthony Perl Author-X-Name-First: Anthony Author-X-Name-Last: Perl Author-Name: James A. Dunn Author-X-Name-First: James A. Author-X-Name-Last: Dunn Title: Reframing Automobile Fuel Economy Policy in North America: The Politics of Punctuating a Policy Equilibrium Abstract: Abstract The USA and Canada generate over one‐third of the transportation‐related emissions of carbon dioxide in the world. Motor vehicles produce a majority of these emissions. This paper examines how the US Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) regulatory standard for light‐duty vehicles has established an underlying fuel economy policy paradigm for the highly integrated North American automotive sector. While these standards pushed North American vehicle fuel efficiency higher in the late 1970s and early 1980s, the standards have not been significantly increased since 1985. The paper details the institutional, economic and political factors that have blocked higher CAFE standards. It describes difficulties with the legal efforts to shift the main venue of fuel economy regulation from the US federal government to the state of California. In light of the Canadian tradition of establishing voluntary agreements between the government and the auto manufacturers in lieu of formal regulation, it assesses the possibility that the voluntary agreement on reducing automotive greenhouse gas emissions signed between Ottawa and Canadian auto manufacturers in April 2005 will be a step toward a new style of negotiated advances in fuel economy and greenhouse gas reduction goals throughout North America. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 1-35 Issue: 1 Volume: 27 Year: 2006 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640600821308 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640600821308 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:27:y:2006:i:1:p:1-35 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alan C. McKinnon Author-X-Name-First: Alan C. Author-X-Name-Last: McKinnon Title: Decoupling of Road Freight Transport and Economic Growth Trends in the UK: An Exploratory Analysis Abstract: Abstract Between 1997 and 2004, gross domestic product increased in real terms in the UK by one‐fifth, while the volume of road freight movement remained stable. This suggests that the long‐awaited decoupling of economic and freight transport growth has begun, possibly leading to a new era of sustainable logistics. This paper reviews previous research on the decoupling issue and recent trends in gross domestic product/freight tonne‐km elasticities in Europe and the USA. It then examines 12 possible causes of the observed decoupling in the UK using published statistics from a wide range of British and European sources. This analysis indicates that around two‐thirds of the decoupling is due to three factors whose impact can be quantified: the increased penetration of the British road haulage market by foreign operators, a decline in road transport’s share of the freight market, and real increases in road freight rates. Several other factors, most notably the relative growth of the service sector, the diminishing rate of centralization, and the off‐shoring of manufacturing, appear to be having a significant effect, though this finding cannot be measured on the basis of available statistics. The paper concludes that, while the decoupling is in the right direction from a public policy standpoint, the net environmental benefits are likely to be quite modest. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 37-64 Issue: 1 Volume: 27 Year: 2006 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640600825952 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640600825952 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:27:y:2006:i:1:p:37-64 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tomer Toledo Author-X-Name-First: Tomer Author-X-Name-Last: Toledo Title: Driving Behaviour: Models and Challenges Abstract: Abstract Driving behaviour models capture drivers’ tactical manoeuvring decisions in different traffic conditions. These models are essential to microscopic traffic simulation systems. The paper reviews the state‐of‐the‐art in the main areas of driving behaviour research: acceleration, lane changing and gap acceptance. Overall, the main limitation of current models is that in many cases they do not adequately capture the sophistication of drivers: they do not capture the interdependencies among the decisions made by the same drivers over time and across decision dimensions; they represent instantaneous decision‐making, which fails to capture drivers’ planning and anticipation capabilities; and only capture myopic considerations that do not account for extended driving goals and considerations. Furthermore, most models proposed in the literature were not estimated rigorously. In many cases, this is due to the limited availability of detailed trajectory data, which are required for estimation. Hence, data availability poses a significant obstacle to the advancement of driving behaviour modelling. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 65-84 Issue: 1 Volume: 27 Year: 2006 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640600823940 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640600823940 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:27:y:2006:i:1:p:65-84 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martin Gaunt Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Gaunt Author-Name: Tom Rye Author-X-Name-First: Tom Author-X-Name-Last: Rye Author-Name: Simon Allen Author-X-Name-First: Simon Author-X-Name-Last: Allen Title: Public Acceptability of Road User Charging: The Case of Edinburgh and the 2005 Referendum Abstract: Abstract In February 2005 residents of Edinburgh in Scotland, UK, were given the opportunity to vote in a referendum on the introduction of a road user charging scheme, which had been in development for almost a decade. The public voted against the scheme by a ratio of 3:1 and it was consequently abandoned. The objective of this research was to determine the principal factors responsible for the public’s overwhelming opposition to the scheme. A postal self‐completion questionnaire was distributed to 1300 randomly selected households along a transect from central to south Edinburgh. The 368 completed questionnaires returned were analysed to assess the influence of several factors on the way respondents voted in the referendum. Car use was shown to be the principal determinant of voting behaviour, with car owners strongly opposing the scheme and non‐car owners only weakly supporting it. The public’s limited understanding of the scheme increased the strength of the opposing vote. Further, the public were largely unconvinced that the scheme would have achieved its dual objectives of reducing congestion and improving public transport. The findings suggest that more attention should have been paid to designing a simpler, more easily communicated scheme and convincing residents, particularly public transport users, of its benefits. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 85-102 Issue: 1 Volume: 27 Year: 2006 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640600831299 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640600831299 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:27:y:2006:i:1:p:85-102 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bart W. Wiegmans Author-X-Name-First: Bart W. Author-X-Name-Last: Wiegmans Author-Name: Marko Hekkert Author-X-Name-First: Marko Author-X-Name-Last: Hekkert Author-Name: Marnix Langstraat Author-X-Name-First: Marnix Author-X-Name-Last: Langstraat Title: Can Innovations in Rail Freight Transhipment Be Successful? Abstract: Abstract The central place of transhipment in rail transport solutions and the lack of successful innovations is the focus in this paper. Based on a questionnaire and interviews, several conclusions can be drawn. First, the respondents value the product characteristics of the different innovations as neutral. However, there appear to be a number of ways to make the innovations more attractive (e.g. reduce uncertainty/risks, increase the compatibility and decrease the complexity). Second, the respondents value the user requirements of the innovations concerned as neutral. However, several different opportunities can be identified to make the innovations more attractive on the user requirements side (e.g. flexibility). Third, concerning the user requirements, the costs of the innovations are perceived as high. This probably is one of the major barriers to the successful adoption of the innovations in the rail transhipment market. In this market, costs are very important and cannot always be recovered through charging higher prices. A last conclusion is that user requirements can be analysed from two points of view: first, the user of the innovation is the terminal operator and the innovation must meet his criteria; and second, the actual user is the rail transport company (and ultimately the shipper of the freight). The innovations are then evaluated on their increase in performance for the total intermodal transport solution. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 103-122 Issue: 1 Volume: 27 Year: 2006 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640600765091 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640600765091 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:27:y:2006:i:1:p:103-122 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter White Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: White Title: Book Review Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 123-124 Issue: 1 Volume: 27 Year: 2007 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640600983967 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640600983967 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:27:y:2007:i:1:p:123-124 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jan Anne Annema Author-X-Name-First: Jan Anne Author-X-Name-Last: Annema Author-Name: Carl Koopmans Author-X-Name-First: Carl Author-X-Name-Last: Koopmans Author-Name: Bert Van Wee Author-X-Name-First: Bert Author-X-Name-Last: Van Wee Title: Evaluating Transport Infrastructure Investments: The Dutch Experience with a Standardized Approach Abstract: Abstract The Dutch government introduced a requirement in 2000 to evaluate proposed major infrastructure plans using a cost--benefit analysis (CBA) following published guidelines. Since then 13 new major infrastructure projects have been evaluated. The paper reviews the Dutch standardized CBA practice since 2000. The overall conclusion is that the use of standardized CBA has improved the quality of ex‐ante evaluations of large infrastructure projects in the Netherlands. However, the relatively young CBA practice has not yet fulfilled its full potential. About half of the CBAs analysed can be considered as being suitable for helping decision‐making. The other half has weaknesses with respect to methods and assumptions. Looking at the standardized CBA’s influence on policy‐making, the most important conclusion is that unfavourable CBA results have contributed to the postponement of decisions and to the downsizing of projects. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 125-150 Issue: 2 Volume: 27 Year: 2006 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640600843237 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640600843237 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:27:y:2006:i:2:p:125-150 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ron N. Buliung Author-X-Name-First: Ron N. Author-X-Name-Last: Buliung Author-Name: Pavlos S. Kanaroglou Author-X-Name-First: Pavlos S. Author-X-Name-Last: Kanaroglou Title: Activity--Travel Behaviour Research: Conceptual Issues, State of the Art, and Emerging Perspectives on Behavioural Analysis and Simulation Modelling Abstract: Abstract The ‘human activity approach’ to the study of travel behaviour represents a synthesis of concepts and analytic approaches partially drawn from several subdisciplines concerned with human spatial behaviour. Underlying the approach is the widely accepted view that travel demand emerges in response to individual and household requirements for activity participation. Study of the literature reveals a diverse array of research interests, equalled by the application of a broad assortment of modelling approaches and tools for analysis. The paper begins with a discussion of several conceptual issues that, if addressed, could enhance the behavioural rigour of on‐going research. The rest of the paper updates the literature with respect to state of the art and emerging approaches to activity--travel analysis and modelling. Overall, it is concluded that the advancement of new modelling concepts and approaches, in the presence of substantial methodological diversity, needs to be balanced with research into the kinds of behavioural and analytic issues raised in the paper. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 151-187 Issue: 2 Volume: 27 Year: 2006 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640600858649 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640600858649 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:27:y:2006:i:2:p:151-187 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jean Shaoul Author-X-Name-First: Jean Author-X-Name-Last: Shaoul Title: Leasing Passenger Trains: The British Experience Abstract: Abstract This paper reviews the experience of the train‐leasing model, a vital but invisible component of Britain’s privatized railway system, using publicly available financial information. As a result of the leasing regime established at privatization, the leasing charges for the old trains, paid for by the state, are high, contributing to the need for higher fares and subsidies, and the highest profits in the industry. The cost of commissioning new trains via leasing is higher than public debt. Operating and reliability problems have imposed extra costs on other stakeholders. Leasing charges are likely to continue long after the trains have been fully paid for. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 189-212 Issue: 2 Volume: 27 Year: 2006 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640600907024 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640600907024 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:27:y:2006:i:2:p:189-212 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kenneth Button Author-X-Name-First: Kenneth Author-X-Name-Last: Button Author-Name: Alvaro Costa Author-X-Name-First: Alvaro Author-X-Name-Last: Costa Author-Name: Carlos Cruz Author-X-Name-First: Carlos Author-X-Name-Last: Cruz Title: Ability to Recover Full Costs through Price Discrimination in Deregulated Scheduled Air Transport Markets Abstract: Abstract The regulatory reforms of domestic airline markets and regional markets such as the Europe Economic Area and the increased number of Open Skies agreements have led to a move away from the administrative structure of fare setting to one dominated by market forces. Within this latter framework the initial market power and price leadership exercised by former flag carriers and charter airlines is gradually being eroded by the emergence of low‐cost carriers among other factors. A major problem encountered in supplying pre‐committed scheduled services in a competitive market is that of full cost recovery. It has been argued, mainly from studies using aggregate data, that the ability of major carriers to recover fixed costs has deteriorated in deregulated markets as barometric price leadership is replacing that of dominant firm price leadership. This paper uses disaggregate data to examine the pattern of fares set by airlines as they sell seats up to the time of departure of a service. In particular, it analyses the impact of the entrance of low‐cost carriers into a small country—Portugal—focusing on the changes that are occurring in Lisbon and Porto airports. As such it looks at the way the price of a particular product—an airline service—varies in different market environments and whether price discrimination (yield‐management) is any longer a viable approach to full cost recovery. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 213-230 Issue: 2 Volume: 27 Year: 2006 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640600951949 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640600951949 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:27:y:2006:i:2:p:213-230 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jin‐Su Mun Author-X-Name-First: Jin‐Su Author-X-Name-Last: Mun Title: Traffic Performance Models for Dynamic Traffic Assignment: An Assessment of Existing Models Abstract: Abstract This paper provides a review of the traffic performance models for dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) and it identifies the strength and weakness of existing models. Requirements for traffic performance models are identified and various forms of existing traffic performance models for DTA are reviewed and analysed according to the requirements. Non‐linear travel time models are shown to have some deficiencies that make them unsuitable for the analysis of time‐varying transportation networks. Even though linear‐type travel time models are identified as good candidates for the analysis of dynamic transportation networks, they have limitations from the practical point of view that travel time increases only linearly with the amount of traffic on the link. This poses a dilemma and it seems to be one whose resolution is an imminent precondition for DTA modelling to progress in a way that is both theoretically coherent and plausible in practical terms. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 231-249 Issue: 2 Volume: 27 Year: 2006 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640600979403 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640600979403 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:27:y:2006:i:2:p:231-249 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guido Friebel Author-X-Name-First: Guido Author-X-Name-Last: Friebel Author-Name: Sergei Guriev Author-X-Name-First: Sergei Author-X-Name-Last: Guriev Author-Name: Russell Pittman Author-X-Name-First: Russell Author-X-Name-Last: Pittman Author-Name: Elizaveta Shevyakhova Author-X-Name-First: Elizaveta Author-X-Name-Last: Shevyakhova Author-Name: Anna Tomová Author-X-Name-First: Anna Author-X-Name-Last: Tomová Title: Railroad Restructuring in Russia and Central and Eastern Europe: One Solution for All Problems? Abstract: Abstract Railways restructuring takes place under very different circumstances and with very different goals in Western Europe, Central and Eastern Europe, and Russia. There are some improvements in productivity associated with the reforms in the European Union (among others access to infrastructure and vertical separation). But they are not certain to be replicated following similar restructuring in transition economies, especially if one takes account of the much higher shadow price on government subsidies in the latter. The current and proposed reforms in the railways of Central and Eastern Europe and Russia are described in detail; the likely outcomes of reforms in the special economic, regulatory and legal environments of these countries are analysed; and an alternative proposal for restructuring in Russia is presented. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 251-271 Issue: 3 Volume: 27 Year: 2006 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640600979502 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640600979502 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:27:y:2006:i:3:p:251-271 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wout Dullaert Author-X-Name-First: Wout Author-X-Name-Last: Dullaert Author-Name: Bert Vernimmen Author-X-Name-First: Bert Author-X-Name-Last: Vernimmen Author-Name: El‐houssaine Aghezzaf Author-X-Name-First: El‐houssaine Author-X-Name-Last: Aghezzaf Author-Name: Birger Raa Author-X-Name-First: Birger Author-X-Name-Last: Raa Title: Revisiting Service‐level Measurement for an Inventory System with Different Transport Modes Abstract: Abstract In a stochastic supply link between a supplier and a receiver the receiver will call upon the supplier who can replenish his inventory at the lowest total cost. This total cost typically contains the order costs, transportation costs and inventory costs. A crucial component of the total inventory costs are the costs of safety stock, which is held by the receiver to protect against stockouts. The optimal amount of safety stock can either be derived from the cost of a stockout or from an imposed service level. Since the cost of a stockout cannot always be determined easily, the service‐level approach is a common point of departure for practitioners and academics. Several ways are discussed in the literature to specify the service level, and the definition used can have an important impact on the derived level of safety stock. In this paper the literature on the inventory‐theoretic framework for transport selection is surveyed, with particular emphasis on the criterion that is used to establish safety stock levels. A case study based on real‐life data is then presented to illustrate the impact of two different service‐level definitions on the total logistics costs. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 273-283 Issue: 3 Volume: 27 Year: 2006 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640600983371 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640600983371 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:27:y:2006:i:3:p:273-283 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chin‐Shan Lu Author-X-Name-First: Chin‐Shan Author-X-Name-Last: Lu Title: Evaluating Key Resources and Capabilities for Liner Shipping Services Abstract: Abstract This paper empirically evaluates key resources and capabilities in the liner shipping context. Based on a factor analysis, three resource dimensions are identified: marine equipment, information equipment, and corporate image; whereas seven capability dimensions are identified: purchasing, operation, human resource management, customer service, information integration, pricing, and financial management. The findings suggest that operation capability is perceived as the most important dimension, followed by customer service, human resource management, information integration, pricing purchasing, and financial management. Results indicate that four dimensions are found that significantly differ between shipping companies and agencies: marine equipment, information equipment, operation, and information integration. The theoretical and managerial implications of the research findings are discussed. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 285-310 Issue: 3 Volume: 27 Year: 2006 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640600984015 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640600984015 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:27:y:2006:i:3:p:285-310 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Allan Woodburn Author-X-Name-First: Allan Author-X-Name-Last: Woodburn Title: Evaluation of Rail Freight Facilities Grant Funding in Britain Abstract: Abstract Rail freight has been generally in decline in many European Union countries in recent years, contrary to European transport policy. State support for railway operations is commonplace in most countries, and this paper establishes the background to targeted rail freight grant funding in Britain. Through desk‐based analysis of Freight Facilities Grant (FFG) awards, together with a survey of recipient companies, the paper assesses the extent to which the planned flows expected from these awards have materialized and it evaluates the role of the grants in influencing rail freight volumes. The evidence suggests that FFG funding has been largely successful, attracting considerable private sector investment. Overall, FFGs have played an important role in developing or retaining rail freight flows, although the processes could be made more transparent and consistent. As other European countries liberalize their rail freight markets as a result of European Union legislation, such targeted funding may be an appropriate alternative to more general government subsidy of freight operations. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 311-326 Issue: 3 Volume: 27 Year: 2006 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640600990418 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640600990418 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:27:y:2006:i:3:p:311-326 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John Nellthorp Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Nellthorp Author-Name: Abigail L. Bristow Author-X-Name-First: Abigail L. Author-X-Name-Last: Bristow Author-Name: Brett Day Author-X-Name-First: Brett Author-X-Name-Last: Day Title: Introducing Willingness‐to‐pay for Noise Changes into Transport Appraisal: An Application of Benefit Transfer Abstract: Abstract Numerous research studies have elicited willingness‐to‐pay values for transport‐related noise. However, in many industrialized countries including the UK, noise costs and benefits are still not incorporated into appraisals for most transport projects and policy changes. This paper describes the actions recently taken in the UK to address this issue, comprising: primary research based on the city of Birmingham; an international review of willingness‐to‐pay evidence; the development of values using benefit transfers over time and locations; and integration with appraisal methods. Amongst the main findings are: that the willingness‐to‐pay estimates derived for the UK are broadly comparable with those used in appraisal elsewhere in Europe; that there is a case for a lower threshold at 45 dB(A)Leq,18h rather than the more conventional 55 dB(A); and that values per dB(A) increase with the noise level above this threshold. There are significant issues over the valuation of rail versus road noise, the neglect of non‐residential noise and the valuation of high noise levels in different countries. Conclusions are drawn regarding the feasibility of noise valuation based on benefit transfers in the UK and elsewhere, and future research needs in this field are discussed. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 327-353 Issue: 3 Volume: 27 Year: 2006 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640601062621 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640601062621 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:27:y:2006:i:3:p:327-353 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: G. A. Giannopoulos Author-X-Name-First: G. A. Author-X-Name-Last: Giannopoulos Author-Name: K. Giannakos Author-X-Name-First: K. Author-X-Name-Last: Giannakos Title: Restructuring the Greek Railways: Current Progress and Evaluation of Alternative Schemes Abstract: Abstract This paper presents the rationale, the method, and the alternative choices in the process of restructuring the Hellenic Railways Organisation (OSE). The most likely alternative structures regarding ownership and management issues of the new entities that will inherit the old OSE organization, and discusses the strategic implications of these alternatives are discussed. A critical view of the process of Greek railway reform and the evaluation results of the alternative organizational structures for the new situation are presented. It first presents the current experience in European Union and other countries of Europe, and the relative position of the Greek railways vis‐à‐vis the most common practices. The most likely options for the new organizational structure are presented which will result from the application of the European Union Directives and the Greek Law 2671/98 for the reorganization of the Greek railways. Based on a more detailed presentation of expected income and expenditures (i.e. economic viability) of the alternatives, a structure and a roadmap to these reforms is recommended for a successful and, above all ‘implementable’, reform of the Greek railways under the current conditions. Finally, the process for change and restructuring is described in terms of the basic principles and procedures that should be followed, and in terms of the necessary steps and procedures for the transition from the current to the new situation. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 355-378 Issue: 3 Volume: 27 Year: 2006 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640601113911 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640601113911 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:27:y:2006:i:3:p:355-378 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John Pucher Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Pucher Author-Name: Zhong‐ren Peng Author-X-Name-First: Zhong‐ren Author-X-Name-Last: Peng Author-Name: Neha Mittal Author-X-Name-First: Neha Author-X-Name-Last: Mittal Author-Name: Yi Zhu Author-X-Name-First: Yi Author-X-Name-Last: Zhu Author-Name: Nisha Korattyswaroopam Author-X-Name-First: Nisha Author-X-Name-Last: Korattyswaroopam Title: Urban Transport Trends and Policies in China and India: Impacts of Rapid Economic Growth Abstract: Abstract This paper provides a comparative overview of urban transport in the world’s two most populous countries: China and India. Cities in both countries are suffering from severe and worsening transport problems: air pollution, noise, traffic injuries and fatalities, congestion, parking shortages, energy use, and a lack of mobility for the poor. The urban transport crisis in China and India results from continuing population growth, urbanization, suburban sprawl, rising incomes, and skyrocketing motor vehicle ownership and use. This paper critically assesses government policies in each country and suggests a range of specific improvements. It advocates a slowdown in the massive roadway investment in recent years and a shift in emphasis to expanding and improving public transport, cycling, and walking facilities. While continued growth in motor vehicle use is inevitable, China and India should restrict motor vehicle use in congested city centres and increase taxes, fees, and charges to reflect the enormous social and environmental costs of motor vehicle use. At the same time, much stricter regulations should be imposed on manufacturers to produce cleaner, more energy‐efficient, quieter, and safer cars, motorcycles, buses, and trucks. Mitigating the many social and environmental impacts of rising motorization is obviously important for the future well‐being of Chinese and Indian cities. It is also crucial for the future of the rest of the world. Unless the problems of motorization in China and India can be effectively dealt with, the world faces sharp increases in greenhouse gases, accelerating climate change, and rapid depletion of a range of non‐renewable resources. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 379-410 Issue: 4 Volume: 27 Year: 2006 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640601089988 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640601089988 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:27:y:2006:i:4:p:379-410 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David A. Hensher Author-X-Name-First: David A. Author-X-Name-Last: Hensher Author-Name: Anne Yvrande‐Billon Author-X-Name-First: Anne Author-X-Name-Last: Yvrande‐Billon Author-Name: Rosário Macário Author-X-Name-First: Rosário Author-X-Name-Last: Macário Author-Name: John Preston Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Preston Author-Name: Peter White Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: White Author-Name: Bill Tyson Author-X-Name-First: Bill Author-X-Name-Last: Tyson Author-Name: D. M. Van de Velde Author-X-Name-First: D. M. Author-X-Name-Last: Van de Velde Author-Name: Bert van Wee Author-X-Name-First: Bert Author-X-Name-Last: van Wee Author-Name: Joaquim José Guilherme de Aragão Author-X-Name-First: Joaquim José Author-X-Name-Last: Guilherme de Aragão Author-Name: Enilson Medeiros dos Santos Author-X-Name-First: Enilson Medeiros Author-X-Name-Last: dos Santos Author-Name: Rômulo Dante Orrico Filho Author-X-Name-First: Rômulo Dante Author-X-Name-Last: Orrico Filho Author-Name: David Hensher Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Hensher Title: Delivering Value for Money to Government through Efficient and Effective Public Transit Service Continuity: Some Thoughts Abstract: Abstract This paper documents some thoughts on the reform agenda in public transit that is occurring throughout the world. The specific focus is on a growing commitment to competitive regulation through competitive tendering, and the efforts by a few governments (notably in Australia) to take control of the tangible assets used by private operators as a mechanism to exercise the opportunity, if so taken, to put services out to competitive tender. The paper reviews the theoretical arguments and empirical evidence on contracting regimes and asset ownership, and the role that government and the operator might play in a setting in which building trusting and collaborative partnerships has merit in delivering services that are in the main funded from the public purse. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 411-448 Issue: 4 Volume: 27 Year: 2007 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640701192351 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640701192351 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:27:y:2007:i:4:p:411-448 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leonardo J. Basso Author-X-Name-First: Leonardo J. Author-X-Name-Last: Basso Author-Name: Tae Hoon Oum Author-X-Name-First: Tae Hoon Author-X-Name-Last: Oum Title: Automobile Fuel Demand: A Critical Assessment of Empirical Methodologies Abstract: Abstract Many surveys have attempted to convey and synthesize the information of hundreds of studies on automobile fuel demand. In most cases, the focus has been placed in giving assessments of the most likely values of various elasticities, particularly price and income, while trying to explain the differences between results. However, given the summary characteristic of these surveys, the most popular approaches and methodologies—such as dynamic reduced‐form demand models with time‐series data—have dominated the core values obtained. The present survey focuses instead on the various approaches and methods that have been used. It reviews and classifies them, showing that there are relevant findings, raised by studies using less popular approaches, which seem to challenge some of the accepted core results in the literature. These other approaches include: co‐integration techniques, use of disaggregate data at the household level and flexible functional forms, and structural models of automobile fuel consumption. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 449-484 Issue: 4 Volume: 27 Year: 2006 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640601119710 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640601119710 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:27:y:2006:i:4:p:449-484 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ela Babalik‐Sutcliffe Author-X-Name-First: Ela Author-X-Name-Last: Babalik‐Sutcliffe Title: Pro‐rail Policies in Turkey: A Policy Shift? Abstract: Abstract Growing concerns over environmental issues and the increasing role of the transport sector in creating environmental pollution have had a significant impact on transport policies and investments worldwide. There is increasing emphasis on the importance of transporting people and goods in the most sustainable ways, and the role that environmentally friendly modes, and particularly railways, should play in transport. It appears that in Turkey too a policy shift has taken place in favour of rail transport as a consequence of both environmental concerns and the will to integrate into international transport networks, and consequently international markets. This paper summarizes research that looks into the policy documents, annual investment programmes, and actual investments in the transport field in Turkey within the past two decades. While a policy shift in favour of railway development can be observed in policy documents, the study shows that actual investment has been extremely limited for the improvement and expansion of the railways in Turkey. The paper focuses on this gap between policy and practice in national transport network development, and aims to discuss why it currently is, and may continue to be, difficult for Turkey to deliver successfully a pro‐rail policy. The discussion helps one understand how a country’s transport history, past policies and mobility traditions affect the delivery of new policies, particularly when they represent a significant policy shift. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 485-498 Issue: 4 Volume: 27 Year: 2006 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640601151564 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640601151564 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:27:y:2006:i:4:p:485-498 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David N. Cottingham Author-X-Name-First: David N. Author-X-Name-Last: Cottingham Author-Name: Alastair R. Beresford Author-X-Name-First: Alastair R. Author-X-Name-Last: Beresford Author-Name: Robert K. Harle Author-X-Name-First: Robert K. Author-X-Name-Last: Harle Title: Survey of Technologies for the Implementation of National‐scale Road User Charging Abstract: Abstract This paper surveys the technologies available for constructing a pervasive, national‐scale road pricing system. It defines the different types of road pricing, the methods by which a vehicle’s position can be determined, and then examines possible pricing regimes in the context of their technological requirements and implications. The issue of enforcement and the distribution of pricing policies are considered, and further complexities are outlined. An examination of the security aspects of such systems is made, focusing particularly on the need to ensure privacy using technological, rather than solely procedural, methods. The survey concludes that a pervasive, national‐scale deployment is unlikely to be technically achievable in the short‐term. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 499-523 Issue: 4 Volume: 27 Year: 2007 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640701214304 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640701214304 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:27:y:2007:i:4:p:499-523 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marco Percoco Author-X-Name-First: Marco Author-X-Name-Last: Percoco Author-Name: Aura Reggiani Author-X-Name-First: Aura Author-X-Name-Last: Reggiani Title: Transport Networks and Spatial Choices: A European Perspective Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 525-528 Issue: 5 Volume: 27 Year: 2007 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640701322933 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640701322933 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:27:y:2007:i:5:p:525-528 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marco Alderighi Author-X-Name-First: Marco Author-X-Name-Last: Alderighi Author-Name: Alessandro Cento Author-X-Name-First: Alessandro Author-X-Name-Last: Cento Author-Name: Peter Nijkamp Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Nijkamp Author-Name: Piet Rietveld Author-X-Name-First: Piet Author-X-Name-Last: Rietveld Title: Assessment of New Hub‐and‐Spoke and Point‐to‐Point Airline Network Configurations Abstract: Abstract This paper aims to provide new measures of airline network configuration with a view to analyse effectively the complexity of modern carriers’ network design. It studies network configurations in the airline sector by taking into account both spatial and temporal dimensions. The spatial dimension is measured by using both the Gini index and the Freeman index, which originate from social science research. The temporal dimension is measured by the connectivity ratio, i.e. the share of indirect connections over the total number of connections. According to these indicators, the configuration of the largest full‐service carriers and the largest low‐cost carriers in Europe is investigated. The results show that the temporal dimension provides a clear distinction between full‐service carriers and low‐cost carriers; while the spatial dimension appears useful when identifying the peculiarities within groups. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 529-549 Issue: 5 Volume: 27 Year: 2007 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640701322552 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640701322552 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:27:y:2007:i:5:p:529-549 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Juan Carlos Martín Author-X-Name-First: Juan Carlos Author-X-Name-Last: Martín Author-Name: Aura Reggiani Author-X-Name-First: Aura Author-X-Name-Last: Reggiani Title: Recent Methodological Developments to Measure Spatial Interaction: Synthetic Accessibility Indices Applied to High‐speed Train Investments Abstract: Abstract The paper aims to analyse and compare synthetic indices of accessibility in order to measure the impact of high‐speed trains on European cities. In particular, it considers the data and results concerning two previous articles by Gutiérrez et al. and Martín et al. that analyse the accessibility gains produced by the construction of Trans‐European Transport Networks (TEN‐Ts). In these two papers, accessibility is studied using, first, a partial approach with three different indicators: location, potential market, and daily accessibility; and, second, data envelopment analysis (DEA) to calculate a synthetic index of global accessibility. The present paper extends these studies by applying principal component analysis (PCA) to obtain a new synthetic accessibility index. DEA and PCA are two good candidates to synthesize the partial information provided by different methods that have been employed in the previous literature that studies accessibility. It is shown that DEA and PCA methodologies yield a consistent ranking for the global accessibility of the European cities for three different scenarios: 1996, 2005 and 2015. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 551-571 Issue: 5 Volume: 27 Year: 2007 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640701322610 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640701322610 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:27:y:2007:i:5:p:551-571 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Francesca Medda Author-X-Name-First: Francesca Author-X-Name-Last: Medda Author-Name: Gianni Carbonaro Author-X-Name-First: Gianni Author-X-Name-Last: Carbonaro Title: Growth of Container Seaborne Traffic in the Mediterranean Basin: Outlook and Policy Implications for Port Development Abstract: Abstract New trends in container shipping activities operating in the Mediterranean region represent an interesting process now underway, which induces socio‐economic development of the region as a whole. This work examines the causes of the containerization process within the Mediterranean basin and pays particular attention to the recent evolution of ports. It identifies two specific categories of ports now in operation in the basin for container traffic. Moreover, it analyses the reason for the recent upsurge in development and growth of transhipment ports. In this context, an understanding of the policy, economy, and technological frameworks and approaches that have been, and continue to be, the backbone for ongoing development of modern Mediterranean shipping activity allows one to outline strategies for future development of the basin. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 573-587 Issue: 5 Volume: 27 Year: 2007 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640701322677 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640701322677 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:27:y:2007:i:5:p:573-587 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paulo A. L. D. Nunes Author-X-Name-First: Paulo A. L. D. Author-X-Name-Last: Nunes Author-Name: Chiara M. Travisi Author-X-Name-First: Chiara M. Author-X-Name-Last: Travisi Title: Rail Noise‐Abatement Programmes: A Stated Choice Experiment to Evaluate the Impacts on Welfare Abstract: Abstract On the current political agenda, which is characterized by a major effort to minimize environmental transport externalities, the railway is considered an important sector for policy intervention. For example, when compared with road transportation, the railway is associated with lower levels of air pollution emissions, lower risks of fatalities, and reduced traffic congestion. However, it is also associated with noise pollution, which in turn can generate significant, negative welfare impacts on the population. Against this background, policy‐makers have been adopting a wide range of instruments targeted at the reduction of rail noise. The economic efficiency of this type of policy intervention can be discussed in terms of its overall welfare impact, which in turn may be contained within a cost--benefit analysis of alternative noise‐abatement policies. This paper reports a monetary valuation study of alternative rail noise‐abatement policies along the Brennero railway in north‐east Italy. The valuation study is based on a stated choice questionnaire undertaken in the 12 municipalities of the province of Trento that are currently exposed to excessive rail noise levels. This market valuation technique has hitherto not been applied to value rail noise damage. The valuation results indicate that: noise abatement makes sense from an economic perspective as long as its cost is not higher than €1 432 900; and construction of trackside barriers at the maximum height of 8 m is not ranked as the preferred policy instrument. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 589-604 Issue: 5 Volume: 27 Year: 2007 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640701322693 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640701322693 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:27:y:2007:i:5:p:589-604 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carlo V. Fiorio Author-X-Name-First: Carlo V. Author-X-Name-Last: Fiorio Author-Name: Marco Percoco Author-X-Name-First: Marco Author-X-Name-Last: Percoco Title: Would You Stick To Using Your Car Even If Charged? Evidence from Trento, Italy Abstract: Abstract Road pricing is becoming increasingly popular among decision‐makers as a policy tool meant to rationalize transport flows in a given area. This paper aims to study modal choice as a function of the personal characteristics of commuters by considering an original data set of more than 9000 commuters in the Trento district of Italy which was collected in 2001. Empirical estimates of drivers' reaction to the introduction of road pricing and to the improvement of the quality of public transport services are provided. It was found that the introduction of a system of road pricing would be far more effective in reducing private car use than an improvement in the speed of public transport. It is also shown that road pricing should be carefully defined, as elderly people and families with children are among those with more inelastic private transport demand. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 605-620 Issue: 5 Volume: 27 Year: 2007 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640701322727 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640701322727 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:27:y:2007:i:5:p:605-620 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luca Zamparini Author-X-Name-First: Luca Author-X-Name-Last: Zamparini Author-Name: Aura Reggiani Author-X-Name-First: Aura Author-X-Name-Last: Reggiani Title: Freight Transport and the Value of Travel Time Savings: A Meta‐analysis of Empirical Studies Abstract: Abstract The value of travel time savings (VTTS) has been investigated by transport economists since the mid‐1960s. Although the first two decades of research were mainly devoted to VTTS in passenger transport, since the mid‐1980s several studies have analysed the VTTS in freight transport from both a theoretical and an empirical viewpoint. The first part of the paper is devoted to a review of the proposed theoretical models for the value of freight travel time savings (VFTTS), and it discusses the issues arising from the use of different methods to collect empirical VFTTS estimates. The second part is based on a meta‐analysis of a sample of empirical VFTTS observations related to several European and North American countries. It is shown that both the per‐capita gross domestic product and the transport mode are statistically significant variables that can partially explain the variability in VFTTS estimates. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 621-636 Issue: 5 Volume: 27 Year: 2007 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640701322834 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640701322834 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:27:y:2007:i:5:p:621-636 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Farideh Ramjerdi Author-X-Name-First: Farideh Author-X-Name-Last: Ramjerdi Author-Name: Johanna Lindqvist Dillén Author-X-Name-First: Johanna Author-X-Name-Last: Lindqvist Dillén Title: Gap between Willingness‐to‐Pay (WTP) and Willingness‐to‐Accept (WTA) Measures of Value of Travel Time: Evidence from Norway and Sweden Abstract: Abstract A main purpose of this paper is to stress the existence of the gap between willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) and willingness‐to‐accept (WTA) measures of value of time that is larger than could be explained in a Hicksian framework. The explanation of the gap is of great importance in welfare analysis. This is a subject that has not been paid much attention to in value‐of‐time studies and there is great need for further research on the subject. This paper relies on the evidence from Norwegian and Swedish value‐of‐time studies to examine the gap between WTP and WTA measures of value of time. These studies use different techniques for data collection. The evidence from both studies suggests that the observed WTA measure of value of time is about 1.5--2.0 times larger than WTP measure. Alternative model formulations in the Swedish study to address ‘inertia factors’ for WTP and WTA, or the exclusion of zero values for WTP and WTA measures in the Norwegian study, reduce the gaps. The reductions of the observed gaps in the WTP and WTA measures are analysed in the framework suggested by Zhao and Kling in 2001. They put forward ‘commitment cost’ as an explanation for WTP and WTA gap. An agent forms a commitment cost, in a similar manner to a ‘real option’, due to a lack of information, knowledge and uncertainty about his own valuations and also because a decision about a transaction has to be made rather swiftly. The theoretical framework suggested by Zhao and Kling is in line with additive utility functions underpinning the neo‐classical economics. If indeed ‘commitment costs’ is the explanation for the observed WTP and WTA gaps, the observed small values of small time savings should be interpreted as short‐term valuations. The long‐term values of small time savings should be quite higher than the short‐term values. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 637-651 Issue: 5 Volume: 27 Year: 2007 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640701322875 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640701322875 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:27:y:2007:i:5:p:637-651 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christoffel Venter Author-X-Name-First: Christoffel Author-X-Name-Last: Venter Author-Name: Vera Vokolkova Author-X-Name-First: Vera Author-X-Name-Last: Vokolkova Author-Name: Jaroslav Michalek Author-X-Name-First: Jaroslav Author-X-Name-Last: Michalek Title: Gender, Residential Location, and Household Travel: Empirical Findings from Low‐income Urban Settlements in Durban, South Africa Abstract: Abstract Urban development and transport policies designed to improve the livelihoods of poor communities need to consider the particular needs of women to be effective. Gender roles are played out in a spatial world, and can thus be expected to vary across the urban landscape. The paper examines empirical relationships between spatial factors—in particular residential location within the city—and travel behaviour for men and women in a cross‐section of low‐income communities in a large metropolitan area in South Africa. Data from a comprehensive household survey show that locality has a significant influence on gender experiences of mobility. Gender differences are greatest in more distant, rural localities, although site‐specific characteristics such as walking access to social services, informal work, and small‐scale agriculture help alleviate women’s inequitable travel burdens. Central localities display the smallest differences between men and women’s travel habits, supporting the notion that the high access afforded by centrally located housing helps to promote the satisfaction of women’s daily needs as well as their strategic empowerment. Households in peri‐urban and peripheral localities suffer the highest travel burdens, having neither the high access of a central location nor the livelihoods‐enhancing amenities of a rural environment. Women bear a large part of this burden. Urban development strategies to benefit the urban poor while promoting gender equity are highlighted, including an added emphasis on the provision of social and educational infrastructure within closer proximity to peripheral residential areas, coupled with better pedestrian access. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 653-677 Issue: 6 Volume: 27 Year: 2006 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640701450627 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640701450627 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:27:y:2006:i:6:p:653-677 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pascal van der Straten Author-X-Name-First: Pascal Author-X-Name-Last: van der Straten Author-Name: Bart W. Wiegmans Author-X-Name-First: Bart W. Author-X-Name-Last: Wiegmans Author-Name: A. B. Schelling Author-X-Name-First: A. B. Author-X-Name-Last: Schelling Title: Enablers and Barriers to the Adoption of Alternatively Powered Buses Abstract: Abstract This paper seeks to identify enablers and barriers that stimulate or prevent the adoption of alternatively powered buses (APBs) in cities. The research method concentrates on an in‐depth analysis of 21 European demonstration case studies of APBs. Considerable differences exist between these cities due to the different reference situation. The type of measurement and the situation in the demonstration cities influence the exact fuel consumption and emission reduction. Variables that could enable the adoption of all types of APBs are: (1) the compatibility with previously introduced ideas; (2) the already available necessary supporting infrastructure in the city; (3) a changed external appearance of the APB; (4) the acceptance of the APBs by passengers and bus drivers; and (5) political support in the city regarding the APBs. The main variables that could be determined as barriers are: the relative economic advantage (the outline of costs is higher than that of conventional buses); and the understanding of the APB for bus drivers and mechanics (because special training is needed for both groups). Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 679-698 Issue: 6 Volume: 27 Year: 2007 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640701248518 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640701248518 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:27:y:2007:i:6:p:679-698 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Edwin Buitelaar Author-X-Name-First: Edwin Author-X-Name-Last: Buitelaar Author-Name: Rob Van der Heijden Author-X-Name-First: Rob Author-X-Name-Last: Van der Heijden Author-Name: Raffael Argiolu Author-X-Name-First: Raffael Author-X-Name-Last: Argiolu Title: Managing Traffic by Privatization of Road Capacity: A Property Rights Approach Abstract: Abstract Road congestion remains a serious problem, despite all the efforts to limit road use and to manage growing road traffic volumes. Economic approaches (such as pricing) are introduced based on traditional welfare economic theory. Although they are sometimes very successful, the magnitude of traffic issues also requires alternative and unconventional approaches. Perhaps a more innovative perspective is needed. The paper discusses an alternative economic approach starting from property rights theory. It is translated in transport systems in concepts of infrastructure capacity slot management, where slots are dynamically priced and exclusively allocated to individual users. Debates and practices regarding this approach in air traffic and rail traffic are further developed than in the field of road traffic. The paper aims to explore the potential benefits and disadvantages of the property rights approach for road traffic. Attention is paid to major institutional and technical conditions. The conclusion is that the approach theoretically has clear advantages and seems technologically feasible. Nevertheless, serious political and institutional issues have to be solved first. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 699-713 Issue: 6 Volume: 27 Year: 2007 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640701262949 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640701262949 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:27:y:2007:i:6:p:699-713 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bram De Brabander Author-X-Name-First: Bram Author-X-Name-Last: De Brabander Author-Name: Lode Vereeck Author-X-Name-First: Lode Author-X-Name-Last: Vereeck Title: Valuing the Prevention of Road Accidents in Belgium Abstract: Abstract In a recent international comparison of the social costs of road accidents, Trawén et al. (2003) noted that cost data are not available for Belgium and, by consequence, play no part in Belgian policy‐making. The purpose of the present paper is, therefore, to value the costs per casualty type and per accident in Belgium. Empirical data are provided on human and economic production losses as well as on direct accident costs such as medical costs, hospital visiting costs, accelerated funeral costs, property damage, administrative costs of insurance companies, litigation costs, police and fire department costs, and congestion costs. In Belgium the marginal unit value of preventing a road casualty is estimated at €2 004 799 per fatal casualty, €725 512 per seriously injured and €20 943 per slightly injured victim. The unit cost per accident amounts to €2 355 763, €850 033, €34 944 and €2571 for fatal, serious, slight injury and property damage only accidents, respectively. These results are consistent with valuations reported in other high‐income countries. Finally, the total costs of road accidents in 2002 are valued at €7.2 billion (2004 prices), or 2.6% of gross domestic product. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 715-732 Issue: 6 Volume: 27 Year: 2007 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640701275362 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640701275362 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:27:y:2007:i:6:p:715-732 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Johan Woxenius Author-X-Name-First: Johan Author-X-Name-Last: Woxenius Title: Generic Framework for Transport Network Designs: Applications and Treatment in Intermodal Freight Transport Literature Abstract: Abstract Six principles for the design of transport systems are described, including direct link, corridor, hub‐and‐spoke, connected hubs, static routes, and dynamic routes. The designs are theoretically discussed, defining the operational character of each design and their application in passenger, freight and rail freight transport. The theory is then applied to intermodal freight transport by comparing the terminology used in the paper with that in the scientific literature. The advantages of using a generic terminology over contextual ones are identified from the perspectives of researchers, commercial operators and policy‐makers. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 733-749 Issue: 6 Volume: 27 Year: 2007 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640701358796 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640701358796 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:27:y:2007:i:6:p:733-749 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David A. Hensher Author-X-Name-First: David A. Author-X-Name-Last: Hensher Author-Name: Sean Puckett Author-X-Name-First: Sean Author-X-Name-Last: Puckett Title: Assessing the Influence of Distance‐based Charges on Freight Transporters Abstract: Abstract Congestion charging has become a high‐agenda theme in many urban environments, with a growing recognition of a need to commit more effort to establishing the impact that various charging regimes might have in reducing traffic congestion and, as a corollary, in raising revenue that can be used to re‐invest to improve transport infrastructure in general and public transport services in particular. In addition to the political commitment, a major challenge being faced is behavioural—a need to understand more fully the role that specific charging regimes might play. The paper investigates the potential influence of variable user charges in the freight distribution chain. A choice‐modelling framework is presented that identifies potential responses from the freight transport firm to distance‐based charging within the context of the wider spectrum of costs and benefits delivered in terms of travel time savings and increased trip time reliability. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 1-19 Issue: 1 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640701345850 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640701345850 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:28:y:2007:i:1:p:1-19 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Y. H. Venus Lun Author-X-Name-First: Y. H. Venus Author-X-Name-Last: Lun Author-Name: Christina W. Y. Wong Author-X-Name-First: Christina W. Y. Author-X-Name-Last: Wong Author-Name: Kee‐Hung Lai Author-X-Name-First: Kee‐Hung Author-X-Name-Last: Lai Author-Name: T. C. E. Cheng Author-X-Name-First: T. C. E. Author-X-Name-Last: Cheng Title: Institutional Perspective on the Adoption of Technology for the Security Enhancement of Container Transport Abstract: Abstract The adoption of technology for security enhancement by organizations in a container transport chain has become a necessity for enhancing container transport security. Organizations in a container transport chain, including shippers, consignees, freight forwarders, transport operators, maritime carriers, container terminal operators, custom authorities and government agencies, adopt technologies, such as radio‐frequency identification (RFID) technology, smart box initiative and container non‐intrusive inspection (NII) technology, due to the institutional pressures exerted by partners in the chain. This paper explores the implications of the different types of institutional isomorphisms, namely coercion, mimesis and norms, from both the perspectives of organizations that have taken the initiative to adopt technology for container transport security enhancement and those that have followed other organizations to adopt technology. The possible impacts of the different types of institutional isomorphisms elaborated in this study can help managers better understand the institutional pressures that they put on, and the institutional pressures that drive them to adapt to their container transport chain partners; in particular, the possible problems and compliance requirements they may face in the course of adopting technology for enhancing container transport security. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 21-33 Issue: 1 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640701358804 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640701358804 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:28:y:2007:i:1:p:21-33 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: César Ducruet Author-X-Name-First: César Author-X-Name-Last: Ducruet Author-Name: Jin Cheol Jo Author-X-Name-First: Jin Cheol Author-X-Name-Last: Jo Title: Coastal Cities, Port Activities and Logistic Constraints in a Socialist Developing Country: The Case of North Korea Abstract: Abstract This paper analyses the interplay of transport and development in North Korea, one of the most state‐controlled and underdeveloped countries of the world. While broader aspects have been well described by various studies, logistics have been given little attention as permissive or restrictive factors in the country’s development. Despite the recent reforms and growth of trade, the development of North Korea is confronted to the weaknesses of the transport system and inland logistics. An analysis of vessel movements at North Korean ports (1985--2006) shows that although coastal economies may increasingly use maritime transport to overcome inland blockages, the evolution of port traffics better reflects broader trends such as a general economic decline, the westward shift of populations, and the polarization of economic activities around the Pyongyang area. Beside those trends, the research also estimates the importance of maritime transport to North Korean trade and it provides a base upon which further studies can be conducted, so as to evaluate better the place of North Korea among transport studies. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 35-59 Issue: 1 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640701358846 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640701358846 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:28:y:2007:i:1:p:35-59 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Muhammad Moazzam Ishaque Author-X-Name-First: Muhammad Moazzam Author-X-Name-Last: Ishaque Author-Name: Robert B. Noland Author-X-Name-First: Robert B. Author-X-Name-Last: Noland Title: Behavioural Issues in Pedestrian Speed Choice and Street Crossing Behaviour: A Review Abstract: Abstract This paper discusses issues that are encountered in the modelling of the operational behaviour of pedestrians such as the representation of pedestrian street crossing movements and speed choice at a micro‐scale. A comprehensive literature review is undertaken for various parameters of pedestrian movement that are of fundamental importance in any pedestrian modelling approach. These parameters are pedestrian speeds, pedestrian speed--flow--density relationships, pedestrian compliance to traffic signals, and pedestrian gap acceptance while crossing the road. Based on the research evidence from the literature, a modelling framework for examining pedestrian speed choice is presented that postulates that pedestrian speed is a function of a pedestrian’s value of time, risk and capabilities. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 61-85 Issue: 1 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640701365239 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640701365239 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:28:y:2007:i:1:p:61-85 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Justin S. Chang Author-X-Name-First: Justin S. Author-X-Name-Last: Chang Author-Name: Jang‐Ho Lee Author-X-Name-First: Jang‐Ho Author-X-Name-Last: Lee Title: Accessibility Analysis of Korean High‐speed Rail: A Case Study of the Seoul Metropolitan Area Abstract: Abstract This paper deals with an accessibility analysis of Korean high‐speed rail. The high‐speed intercity service, which became operational in April 2004, has being creating positive impacts on forming a modal share structure conformable to the notion of the competitive advantage between travel modes. Patronage, however, is approximately half of that forecast. Accessibility improvement is generally accepted as one of the most urgent methods for increasing ridership. A systemized accessibility analysis with a case study of the Seoul metropolitan area is made. A reduced form of a Hansen‐type accessibility measure is proposed. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and a Geographic Information Systems (GIS)‐based mapping audit are used as tools for the assessment. Finally, zones of opportunity that could yield the greatest demand increase of high‐speed rail are identified and some metropolitan railway expansions for improving accessibility of the region are recommended. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 87-103 Issue: 1 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640701421495 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640701421495 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:28:y:2007:i:1:p:87-103 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anjali Mahendra Author-X-Name-First: Anjali Author-X-Name-Last: Mahendra Title: Vehicle Restrictions in Four Latin American Cities: Is Congestion Pricing Possible? Abstract: Abstract An exploratory study of the prospects for congestion pricing in four Latin American metropolitan areas where traffic bans currently exist—Santiago de Chile, Mexico City, São Paulo, and Bogotá—is presented. Through a historical analysis of the implementation process and experience of the traffic bans, along with a snowball‐sampled survey of transportation experts in each city, three factors are found to be the most important to ensure favourable prospects for implementing congestion pricing in these cities: (1) widespread public information regarding the environmental and health risks of traffic congestion and resulting air pollution; (2) implementation of complementary policies such as public transport enhancements and increased parking fees in congested areas; and (3) development of a knowledge culture among politicians and experts through discourse on alternative road pricing policies based on systematic analysis. Among other pertinent issues discussed, the work shows that the equity concerns for low‐income car drivers often cited in discussions on congestion pricing in developed countries are less applicable in the cases studied. A key concern is the lack of political will because it is people with relatively higher incomes and political influence who predominantly own and use cars in these four cities. The findings, though exploratory, are important because the potential of congestion pricing to manage the rapid pace of motorization in the developing world is not well studied. This paper presents an initial step towards studying the implementation of the policy in developing countries. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 105-133 Issue: 1 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640701458265 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640701458265 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:28:y:2007:i:1:p:105-133 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petter Næss Author-X-Name-First: Petter Author-X-Name-Last: Næss Title: Book Review Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 135-140 Issue: 1 Volume: 28 Year: 2008 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640701722413 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640701722413 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:28:y:2008:i:1:p:135-140 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Heike Link Author-X-Name-First: Heike Author-X-Name-Last: Link Title: Acceptability of the German Charging Scheme for Heavy Goods Vehicles: Empirical Evidence from a Freight Company Survey Abstract: Abstract While several European and national studies have dealt with the acceptability of road pricing schemes for passenger transport, only sparse research is available on this issue for freight transport. Against this background, the paper deals with the acceptability of the German road user‐charging scheme for heavy goods vehicles by the road haulage industry. It presents the findings of an internet‐based survey with German road freight operators from which responses on a variety of attitude questions and on a stated‐preference exercise regarding the use of revenues were collected. The study shows that the German transport industry recognizes the severity of transport‐related problems such as neglected road maintenance and congestion. The general idea of distance‐related road user charging is accepted but the scheme is not considered to be effective in reducing traffic on motorways or increasing efficiency of transports. Using the charging revenues within the road sector, e.g. without any form of cross‐subsidising other modes of transport, is decisive for making the charging scheme acceptable for German road hauliers. This is reinforced by the responses on the stated preference exercise where a trade‐off between charge level and use of revenues has been revealed. German hauliers would even accept higher charges than currently raised if revenues were used for road maintenance and relief of bottlenecks. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 141-158 Issue: 2 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640701474809 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640701474809 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:28:y:2007:i:2:p:141-158 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marcus Enoch Author-X-Name-First: Marcus Author-X-Name-Last: Enoch Author-Name: Hideki Nakamura Author-X-Name-First: Hideki Author-X-Name-Last: Nakamura Title: Transport Policy and Organization in Japan Abstract: Abstract In transport terms, Japan has an enviable reputation for operating effectively an incredibly complex road and rail system. However, relatively little is known about how this is done or about the issues that are facing policy‐makers and shapers in the country. The purpose of this paper, then, is to investigate how land passenger transport is organized in Japan, and to begin to evaluate its effectiveness. This is done by drawing on a literature review and on findings from a scoping study based on a series of semi‐structured in‐depth interviews with key practitioners. Overall, the findings suggest that national and local transport policy in Japan faces a number of key challenges across all modes in the land passenger transport system, in particular relating to the fragmented approach to policy development, implementation, and operation and to the growing role of the car. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 159-180 Issue: 2 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640701526699 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640701526699 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:28:y:2007:i:2:p:159-180 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Glenn Lyons Author-X-Name-First: Glenn Author-X-Name-Last: Lyons Author-Name: Kiron Chatterjee Author-X-Name-First: Kiron Author-X-Name-Last: Chatterjee Title: A Human Perspective on the Daily Commute: Costs, Benefits and Trade‐offs Abstract: Abstract The average worker in Britain spends 139 h/year commuting—the equivalent of 19 standard working days. While the average distance and time taken for journeys to work has been steadily increasing, the average number of journeys has been decreasing at a similar rate. The aggregate picture inevitably masks an array of underlying trends. This paper offers a multi‐perspective examination of commuting drawing upon the literature in transport, planning, geography, economics, psychology, sociology and medicine. It examines statistical evidence on trends in commuting travel behaviour and finds that one in 25 commuters now travels to work in excess of 100 km (both ways) and one in ten commuters now spends over 2 h/day travelling to and from work. It explores the different impacts (economic, health and social) that commuting has on the individuals who conduct it and seeks to understand better the role of commuting for individuals in today’s society. The paper finishes its examination by reviewing the commute experience itself, including attitudes towards it and the use of time during the journey. It concludes by highlighting a dilemma facing transport planning and policy. There are social, economic and financial benefits from an improved travel experience for people with long commute journeys, yet improving the travel experience may itself contribute to the trend towards long‐distance commuting. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 181-198 Issue: 2 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640701559484 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640701559484 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:28:y:2007:i:2:p:181-198 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Juan Carlos Martín Author-X-Name-First: Juan Author-X-Name-Last: Carlos Martín Author-Name: Concepción Román Author-X-Name-First: Concepción Author-X-Name-Last: Román Author-Name: Raquel Espino Author-X-Name-First: Raquel Author-X-Name-Last: Espino Title: Willingness to Pay for Airline Service Quality Abstract: Abstract This paper looks at estimated valuations of some service‐quality attributes in an airline choice context using stated preferences methods. The analysis is based on information obtained in the most important route connecting the Canary Islands with the Iberian Peninsula: Gran Canaria--Madrid, and tries to contribute to the body of knowledge in this area, given the relatively few studies of the monetary valuations of air travel regarding level‐of‐service attributes. A feature of this analysis is the examination of variations in values according to different characteristics of the service, such as price, penalties for changes in the ticket, legroom, food, etc.; the currently experienced level of the attribute, and various socio‐economic factors that affect the characteristics of the trip and passengers. In addition, the important issue of added value regarding different attributes is addressed, obtaining the willingness‐to‐pay for different improvements of service quality. A further analysis is made about how taste heterogeneity (market segments) affects these values. Results from the stated preference experiment and the market value of some comparable service are also compared. Finally, the paper brings together evidence from other studies and compares them with the findings obtained herein. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 199-217 Issue: 2 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640701577007 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640701577007 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:28:y:2007:i:2:p:199-217 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rickard Bergqvist Author-X-Name-First: Rickard Author-X-Name-Last: Bergqvist Title: Realizing Logistics Opportunities in a Public--Private Collaborative Setting: The Story of Skaraborg Abstract: Abstract This paper gives insight into a process of regional logistics collaboration as it progressed in the peripheral region of Skaraborg, western Sweden, between 2000 and 2007. The region underwent a transformation in the way public and private actors collaborate in logistics. The focus of the collaboration was to develop the logistics competitiveness in the region, mainly through the establishment of an intermodal terminal for rail and road transport. By means of action‐based research, the paper accounts for some interesting course of events and tries to identify some important aspects of regional logistics collaboration. Empirical observations in relation to existing theory are the platform for theoretical reflection and some proposed theoretical modifications and extensions concerning regional logistics collaboration. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 219-237 Issue: 2 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640701581496 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640701581496 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:28:y:2007:i:2:p:219-237 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hazel Baslington Author-X-Name-First: Hazel Author-X-Name-Last: Baslington Title: School Travel Plans: Overcoming Barriers to Implementation Abstract: Abstract The number of primary school children travelling to school by car has almost doubled in 20 years. A governmental policy response is to introduce school travel plans. The paper raises and discusses important issues identified during a literature review, documentary analysis, and an empirical evaluation of school travel plans. These are: (1) barriers to their implementation, extensiveness and longevity, and (2) the behavioural approach which underpins school travel plan promotional literature. A comparative methods design was used for the empirical evaluation that measured the effectiveness of the travel initiatives operating at three schools. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected using questionnaires and travel diaries (n = 555, ages 7--11 years) and interviews (22 parents, four key persons). The output measures were: ‘levels of walking to and from school’ and ‘awareness and attitudes’ towards initiatives. In one of the schools a Walking Bus scheme operated successfully. The findings from the research form the backdrop for a discussion of potential measures to overcome the social, geographic, and financial restrictions imposed on some schools. A recommendation is made regarding data collection and the analysis of evaluation data. The general conclusion from the review is that a wide variation in the effectiveness of travel initiatives can be expected. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 239-258 Issue: 2 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640701630863 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640701630863 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:28:y:2007:i:2:p:239-258 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ioannis Minis Author-X-Name-First: Ioannis Author-X-Name-Last: Minis Author-Name: Dimitrios A. Tsamboulas Author-X-Name-First: Dimitrios A. Author-X-Name-Last: Tsamboulas Title: Contingency Planning and War Gaming for the Transport Operations of the Athens 2004 Olympic Games Abstract: Abstract Transport operations constitute a critical prerequisite for the successful staging of a special event. Operations are more challenging to manage for those events that are infrequent and last for several days. In this case, the requirements for unconditional success, coupled with the uncertainties involved, necessitate robust contingency planning. The paper presents a methodological process for developing the transport‐related contingency plans to address pre‐identified emergencies in major events, such as the Olympic Games. War games are proposed to test the resulting contingency plans and train the staff involved in plan implementation. The application of the methodological process to the Athens 2004 Olympic Games is presented in which transport services were offered to over 50 000 members of the Olympic Family, 150 000 staff and volunteers, and 3.8 million spectators over a period of more than two weeks. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 259-280 Issue: 2 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640701628685 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640701628685 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:28:y:2007:i:2:p:259-280 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: G. Yannis Author-X-Name-First: G. Author-X-Name-Last: Yannis Author-Name: V. Gitelman Author-X-Name-First: V. Author-X-Name-Last: Gitelman Author-Name: E. Papadimitriou Author-X-Name-First: E. Author-X-Name-Last: Papadimitriou Author-Name: A. S. Hakkert Author-X-Name-First: A. S. Author-X-Name-Last: Hakkert Author-Name: M. Winkelbauer Author-X-Name-First: M. Author-X-Name-Last: Winkelbauer Title: Testing a Framework for the Efficiency Assessment of Road Safety Measures Abstract: Abstract The objective of this research is to develop and test a framework for efficiency assessment of road safety measures and evaluate its use in decision‐making. An exhaustive review of standard methodologies and practices related to cost‐effectiveness and cost--benefit analyses is carried out for that purpose. Moreover, a number of case studies are performed, concerning the efficiency assessment of various road safety measures in different countries, covering different types of road safety measures (user‐, vehicle‐ or infrastructure‐oriented, policy or enforcement, etc.), ranging from national to local levels of implementation and including both ex ante and ex post evaluations. From the results conclusions are drawn on the efficiency of different road safety measures and the related determinants. Furthermore, the case studies reveal a number of methodology and data issues for which further research is required. The procedures and barriers involved in the use of efficiency assessment techniques at different levels of decision‐making are also highlighted by means of feedback received during and after the various case studies. On the basis of these results, a framework for the promotion, implementation and evaluation of efficiency assessment in road safety decision‐making is proposed. A particular set of recommendations is also presented regarding the treatment of barriers (fundamental, institutional or technical) within the efficiency assessment itself and the related decision‐making process. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 281-301 Issue: 3 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640701615120 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640701615120 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:28:y:2007:i:3:p:281-301 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Randi J. Hjorthol Author-X-Name-First: Randi J. Author-X-Name-Last: Hjorthol Title: The Mobile Phone as a Tool in Family Life: Impact on Planning of Everyday Activities and Car Use Abstract: Abstract The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationships between aspects of time norms, planning of everyday activities, use of a mobile phone, and the car in families with children. The analysis is based on results from a survey with a random sample of 2000 respondents from families with children in Norway, 2005. The analysis shows that the mobile phone is very important in everyday communication among family members. Short planning time and use of the mobile phone go together. The general level of car use varies with planning horizon and the choice of the medium used for arranging and rearranging appointments. There is a relation between high frequency of car use, a short planning horizon and use of the mobile phone. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 303-320 Issue: 3 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640701630905 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640701630905 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:28:y:2007:i:3:p:303-320 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Metz Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Metz Title: The Myth of Travel Time Saving Abstract: Abstract The idea that the main benefit of improvements to transport infrastructure is the saving of travel time has been central to transport economic analysis. There is, however, little empirical evidence to support this proposition. Indeed, in the long run average travel time is conserved, implying that travellers take the benefit of improvements in the form of additional access to more distant destinations made possible by higher speeds. Such a perspective, based on considerations of the value of access, has implications for economic appraisal, modelling and policy. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 321-336 Issue: 3 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640701642348 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640701642348 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:28:y:2007:i:3:p:321-336 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tim Schwanen Author-X-Name-First: Tim Author-X-Name-Last: Schwanen Title: Struggling with Time: Investigating Coupling Constraints Abstract: Abstract The time--geographic concept of coupling constraints defining when and for how long persons have to be corporeally present at a given physical location can help transportation researchers to understand better how people combining employment and domestic responsibilities coordinate and negotiate everyday trips and activities. While the usefulness of the concept has long been recognized, operationalizing the ‘when’ dimension of coupling constraints in empirical research remains difficult. The paper reviews previous measurement approaches and introduces a complementary perspective that evolves around the time--space of arrival—a time span appropriate for arrival at a given destination—and that draws on insights from human geography, sociology, and psychology. A central element of the proposed perspective is the attention to different types of time. It is shown that conceiving of clock‐time as time per se may fail to account for the multitude of temporal factors that matter to parents’, and especially mothers’, coping with coupling constraints. Another important facet of the perspective concerns the complexity of boundaries between acceptable or appropriate and unacceptable or inappropriate arrival times. These and other characteristics of time--spaces of arrival are illustrated using in‐depth interviews and a stated adaptation exercise informed by cumulative prospect theory centring on employed parents’ trips to collect their children from childcare services and elementary schools in the Utrecht region of the Netherlands. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 337-356 Issue: 3 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640701642363 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640701642363 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:28:y:2007:i:3:p:337-356 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jonathan E. D. Richmond Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan E. D. Author-X-Name-Last: Richmond Title: Transporting Singapore—The Air‐Conditioned Nation Abstract: Abstract The role of a metaphor of centrally controlled air conditioning in governing Singaporean transport planning is examined, and its consequences evaluated. A modern transportation system has been put in place to link a hierarchy of central places. Tight government control has made change possible. A reliance on technical expertise at the expense of public involvement has, however, failed to develop public transport to effectively serve a range of dispersed‐destination travel needs. Regulatory approaches, furthermore, have discouraged service innovation. Policies making car purchase expensive have restricted car ownership. Effective change would be facilitated by involving a highly educated public more in decision‐making. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 357-390 Issue: 3 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640701722363 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640701722363 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:28:y:2007:i:3:p:357-390 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. W. Axhausen Author-X-Name-First: K. W. Author-X-Name-Last: Axhausen Author-Name: C. Dolci Author-X-Name-First: C. Author-X-Name-Last: Dolci Author-Name: Ph. Fröhlich Author-X-Name-First: Ph. Author-X-Name-Last: Fröhlich Author-Name: M. Scherer Author-X-Name-First: M. Author-X-Name-Last: Scherer Author-Name: A. Carosio Author-X-Name-First: A. Author-X-Name-Last: Carosio Title: Constructing Time‐Scaled Maps: Switzerland from 1950 to 2000† Abstract: Abstract The article discusses the construction of a time‐scaled maps series for Switzerland documenting the shrinking of the country since 1950. It describes underlying network models and the mathematical approach employed for the necessary rescaling. In conclusion, it presents the maps and discusses how the country was shrunk by half. † The article is based on earlier German‐language papers documenting this work by Carosio et al. (2005) and Fröhlich et al. (2005). Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 391-413 Issue: 3 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640701747451 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640701747451 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:28:y:2007:i:3:p:391-413 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joaquin De Cea Author-X-Name-First: Joaquin Author-X-Name-Last: De Cea Author-Name: J. Enrique Fernandez Author-X-Name-First: J. Enrique Author-X-Name-Last: Fernandez Author-Name: Louis De Grange Author-X-Name-First: Louis Author-X-Name-Last: De Grange Title: Combined Models with Hierarchical Demand Choices: A Multi‐Objective Entropy Optimization Approach Abstract: Abstract This article proposes a multi‐objective optimization approach to the formulation of a number of equilibrium problems that typically arise in the transportation planning process. These fall into two classes: combined demand and network equilibrium problems, the latter here called performance‐demand equilibrium problems. The demand formulations are based on entropy maximization while the network equilibrium designs are modelled on Wardrop’s first principle. Both are fully compatible with models based on random utility maximization (multinomial and hierarchical logit). Given the entropy‐maximization aspect of the demand models and the use of symmetric cost functions in the networks, the multi‐objective formulations yield classical single‐objective convex optimization programs. In the past, many such problems have not been obtained deductively, their derivation being based rather on previous knowledge and the modeller’s intuition. Of particular interest, therefore, is the simple deductive method presented here for formulating new problems, one that can accommodate new choices such as departure time and transfer point for combined modes. This novel approach also facilitates a better interpretation of the model parameters. In addition, we suggest a calibration procedure that permits consistent estimation of the proposed model’s parameters. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 415-438 Issue: 4 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640701763128 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640701763128 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:28:y:2007:i:4:p:415-438 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alan Gilbert Author-X-Name-First: Alan Author-X-Name-Last: Gilbert Title: Bus Rapid Transit: Is Transmilenio a Miracle Cure? Abstract: Abstract Successful mass transit solutions are rare in poor cities. When they appear they are lauded across the globe and too often copied uncritically. The latest exemplar of such best practice is the ‘Transmilenio’ rapid bus system in Bogotá. The article describes its main characteristics and applauds the improvements that it has already brought to urban transport in Bogotá. Naturally, the system is not without its flaws and these need to be drawn to the attention of those who might copy the Bogotá example. This is particularly important at the present time when the jewel of Bogotá has come under surprisingly strong local criticism over its cost, its ownership structure, its decreasing effectiveness and, fundamentally, because it has failed to solve the transport chaos of Bogotá. There is a real danger that ‘Transmilenio’ will stagnate as its popularity declines and as demands for a metro increase. Given the strengths of the system that would be something of a disaster and, most certainly, not in the interests of the poor. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 439-467 Issue: 4 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640701785733 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640701785733 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:28:y:2007:i:4:p:439-467 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fumitoshi Mizutani Author-X-Name-First: Fumitoshi Author-X-Name-Last: Mizutani Author-Name: Shuji Uranishi Author-X-Name-First: Shuji Author-X-Name-Last: Uranishi Title: Privatization of the Japan Highway Public Corporation: Focusing on Organizational Structure Change† Abstract: Abstract In October 2005, the Japan Highway Public Corporation was privatized and separated into three expressway companies. Three other public corporations were privatized as well: the Metropolitan Expressway Public Corporation, the Hanshin Expressway Public Corporation and the Honshu‐Shikoku Bridge Authority. The main purpose of this study is to overview the privatization policy taken by the government and to assess the preliminary organizational reforms. We will focus especially on policy issues such as horizontal separation, vertical (management‐holding) separation and regulatory changes, comparing the before‐privatization and after‐privatization periods of the Japan Highway Public Corporation. Evaluations will be based on empirical investigation and theory, as well as on lessons learned from the privatization of the Japan National Railway. † The previous version of this paper was presented at the 46th Congress for the European Regional Science Association, held at the University of Thessaly, 30 August--3 September 2006. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 469-493 Issue: 4 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640701791749 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640701791749 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:28:y:2007:i:4:p:469-493 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John Pucher Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Pucher Author-Name: Ralph Buehler Author-X-Name-First: Ralph Author-X-Name-Last: Buehler Title: Making Cycling Irresistible: Lessons from The Netherlands, Denmark and Germany Abstract: Abstract This article shows how the Netherlands, Denmark and Germany have made bicycling a safe, convenient and practical way to get around their cities. The analysis relies on national aggregate data as well as case studies of large and small cities in each country. The key to achieving high levels of cycling appears to be the provision of separate cycling facilities along heavily travelled roads and at intersections, combined with traffic calming of most residential neighbourhoods. Extensive cycling rights of way in the Netherlands, Denmark and Germany are complemented by ample bike parking, full integration with public transport, comprehensive traffic education and training of both cyclists and motorists, and a wide range of promotional events intended to generate enthusiasm and wide public support for cycling. In addition to their many pro‐bike policies and programmes, the Netherlands, Denmark and Germany make driving expensive as well as inconvenient in central cities through a host of taxes and restrictions on car ownership, use and parking. Moreover, strict land‐use policies foster compact, mixed‐use developments that generate shorter and thus more bikeable trips. It is the coordinated implementation of this multi‐faceted, mutually reinforcing set of policies that best explains the success of these three countries in promoting cycling. For comparison, the article portrays the marginal status of cycling in the UK and the USA, where only about 1% of trips are by bike. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 495-528 Issue: 4 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640701806612 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640701806612 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:28:y:2007:i:4:p:495-528 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Graham Currie Author-X-Name-First: Graham Author-X-Name-Last: Currie Author-Name: Janet Stanley Author-X-Name-First: Janet Author-X-Name-Last: Stanley Title: Investigating Links between Social Capital and Public Transport Abstract: Abstract Social capital (SC) describes the advantage individuals and communities can gain from social participation, mutual assistance and trust. The provision of travel options for those who are socially disadvantaged is a major rationale for providing public transport. While there has been recent work on how transport can address social exclusion, SC has been overlooked. This article describes the theoretical basis of SC and suggests ways in which the concept might relate to public transport planning, research and practice. Disadvantaged groups can lack SC, mobility and accessibility. Public transport can provide mobility for this group and, in doing so, provide a greater opportunity to create social networks, trust and reciprocity. Although these concepts are abstract, plausible links are identified between the concepts of enhanced positive social interaction associated with the ‘livable city’ concept and those engendered in SC theory. Public transport by definition involves travelling with others and hence provides opportunities for social interaction while travelling. While a series of possible links between SC and public transport are theorized, it is unlikely these are necessarily strong since other mobility options are available and a range of land‐use and non‐transport alternatives can address social needs. Aspects of the SC concept are already covered by the social mobility and accessibility literature, although it does offer a wider insight into the potential advantages of improving access and mobility for disadvantaged communities. The concept of SC is complex and suffers from a ‘fuzzy’ definition. There is a lack of quantitative primary research associated with measuring SC. Measuring the influence of improved mobility options on SC in disadvantaged communities would be a worthwhile research area. Despite the challenges associated with researching SC, the links between SC and travel present an opportunity to understand how public transport acts to address social disadvantage through the provision of mobility to disadvantaged communities. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 529-547 Issue: 4 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640701817197 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640701817197 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:28:y:2007:i:4:p:529-547 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ioanna Spyropoulou Author-X-Name-First: Ioanna Author-X-Name-Last: Spyropoulou Author-Name: Merja Penttinen Author-X-Name-First: Merja Author-X-Name-Last: Penttinen Author-Name: Matthew Karlaftis Author-X-Name-First: Matthew Author-X-Name-Last: Karlaftis Author-Name: Truls Vaa Author-X-Name-First: Truls Author-X-Name-Last: Vaa Author-Name: John Golias Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Golias Title: ITS Solutions and Accident Risks: Prospective and Limitations Abstract: Abstract This article investigates the prospective and limitations in the application of potential intelligent transport system (ITS) functions to reduce accident risks, using a cause‐treatment relationship. The main causes of road accidents are described and appropriate ITS solutions (including advanced driver assistance systems and advanced traveller information systems) are presented as countermeasures. Anticipated impacts are discussed and indicate that several ITS have the potential of improving road safety and addressing specific accident causes. However, attention is required on particular aspects of their implementation as they may trigger adverse effects by imposing behavioural adaptation risks, and overestimation and over‐reliance on system capabilities. Further, user acceptability and strategic implementation issues are paramount to the successful introduction of these systems. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 549-572 Issue: 5 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640801886605 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640801886605 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:28:y:2007:i:5:p:549-572 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ming‐Miin Yu Author-X-Name-First: Ming‐Miin Author-X-Name-Last: Yu Title: Productivity Change and the Effects of the Enhancement of the Mass Transportation Programme on the Bus Transit System in Taiwan Abstract: Abstract The main objective of this article is to analyse the changes in productivity of the Taiwan Bus Transit System (TBTS) before and after the execution of the ‘Alternatives for Promoting the Development of the Public Transportation Sectors’ (APDPTS), which is designed to provide a better operating environment for the public transport sector in the provision of public transit services. We use a decomposition of the Malmquist productivity index to locate the sources of productivity growth, namely technical change and efficiency change. The former is further decomposed into an output bias, an input bias and a magnitude term to test neutrality. The latter is also decomposed into changes in pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency. In our case, between the pre‐ and post‐APDPTS periods, the efficiency increased only marginally. As a result of a five‐year enhancement programme, the technical regress slowed down slightly, and inward neutral shifts of a transformation frontier were interpreted as being the main contributor to technical regress. In particular, evidence of biased technical change was found, i.e., the effects of output capability increased slightly, but the efficient use of inputs declined during the post‐APDPTS period. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 573-592 Issue: 5 Volume: 28 Year: 2008 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640801892462 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640801892462 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:28:y:2008:i:5:p:573-592 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Cairns Author-X-Name-First: S. Author-X-Name-Last: Cairns Author-Name: L. Sloman Author-X-Name-First: L. Author-X-Name-Last: Sloman Author-Name: C. Newson Author-X-Name-First: C. Author-X-Name-Last: Newson Author-Name: J. Anable Author-X-Name-First: J. Author-X-Name-Last: Anable Author-Name: A. Kirkbride Author-X-Name-First: A. Author-X-Name-Last: Kirkbride Author-Name: P. Goodwin Author-X-Name-First: P. Author-X-Name-Last: Goodwin Title: Smarter Choices: Assessing the Potential to Achieve Traffic Reduction Using ‘Soft Measures’ Abstract: Abstract In recent years, there has been a growing interest in a range of transport policy initiatives which are designed to influence people’s travel behaviour away from single‐occupancy car use and towards more benign and efficient options, through a combination of marketing, information, incentives and tailored new services. In transport policy discussions, these are now widely described as ‘soft’ factor interventions or ‘smarter choice’ measures or ‘mobility management’ tools. In 2004, the UK Department for Transport commissioned a major study to examine whether large‐scale programmes of these measures could potentially deliver substantial cuts in car use. The purpose of this article is to clarify the approach taken in the study, the types of evidence reviewed and the overall conclusions reached. In summary, the results suggested that, within approximately ten years, smarter choice measures have the potential to reduce national traffic levels by about 11%, with reductions of up to 21% of peak period urban traffic. Moreover, they represent relatively good value for money, with schemes potentially generating benefit:cost ratios which are in excess of 10:1. The central conclusion of the study was that such measures could play a very significant role in addressing traffic, given the right support and policy context. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 593-618 Issue: 5 Volume: 28 Year: 2008 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640801892504 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640801892504 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:28:y:2008:i:5:p:593-618 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zbigniew Taylor Author-X-Name-First: Zbigniew Author-X-Name-Last: Taylor Author-Name: Ariel Ciechański Author-X-Name-First: Ariel Author-X-Name-Last: Ciechański Title: What Happened to the National Road Carrier in a Post‐Communist Country? The Case of Poland's State Road Transport Abstract: Abstract The purpose of this article is to seek to reconstruct the ownership transformation involving Poland's State Road Transport (PKS) companies passed through after 1990. Data collected from various sources (above all the Internet) were used to establish the degree of advancement of the transformation processes. Despite the passage of 18 years since the new economic reforms were launched, privatization processes are not well advanced. State ownership remains dominant, in the form of Treasury companies as well as state‐owned enterprises. Privatization processes have encompassed fewer than half of all firms, the most popular form taken (in about a quarter of all analysed cases) involving leasing by workers. This would seem of major interest, attesting as it does to the greater activity of some worker's teams, as well as the passive role of the state in privatization processes. A much smaller number of firms (26) have been purchased by external investors, the only important international concern among these being Veolia, which had taken control of 11 PKS companies as of mid‐2006. By and large, it is the firms carrying passengers or passenger and goods that are in a much better situation, as opposed to the companies that are commodity‐carriers only. The majority of the latter have collapsed, or have undergone the kind of privatization that involves simultaneous shutdown. Mixed passenger and goods carriers have had to reduce their level of activity in commodity transport. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 619-640 Issue: 5 Volume: 28 Year: 2007 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640801943018 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640801943018 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:28:y:2007:i:5:p:619-640 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jean‐Paul Hubert Author-X-Name-First: Jean‐Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Hubert Author-Name: Jimmy Armoogum Author-X-Name-First: Jimmy Author-X-Name-Last: Armoogum Author-Name: Kay W. Axhausen Author-X-Name-First: Kay W. Author-X-Name-Last: Axhausen Author-Name: Jean‐Loup Madre Author-X-Name-First: Jean‐Loup Author-X-Name-Last: Madre Title: Immobility and Mobility Seen Through Trip‐Based Versus Time‐Use Surveys Abstract: Abstract Nationwide Transport Surveys and Time‐Use Surveys both reflect the daily agendas and schedules of the reporting individuals and should therefore yield comparable indicators of travel behaviour; for instance: immobility rate (share of persons not leaving the home on any one day), daily travel time, and number of trips per day. These two surveys exist in three countries from the same time period: Belgium, France, Great Britain. The comparisons demonstrate that they tell parallel stories, but that the levels of the variables are significantly different with lower immobility rates and longer travel times reported in the Time‐Use Surveys. These surveys should therefore be integrated in the analysis of travel behaviour analysis as a crucial yardstick. In Europe, where Nationwide Travel Surveys are intermittent and not harmonized, the harmonised Time‐Use Surveys allow for crucial European‐wide comparisions across time and space. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 641-658 Issue: 5 Volume: 28 Year: 2008 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640801965722 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640801965722 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:28:y:2008:i:5:p:641-658 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Piao Author-X-Name-First: J. Author-X-Name-Last: Piao Author-Name: M. McDonald Author-X-Name-First: M. Author-X-Name-Last: McDonald Title: Advanced Driver Assistance Systems from Autonomous to Cooperative Approach Abstract: Abstract Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) have been one of the most active areas of ITS studies in the last two decades. ADAS aim to support drivers by either providing warning to reduce risk exposures, or automating some of the control tasks to relieve a driver from manual control of a vehicle. ADAS functions can be achieved through an autonomous approach with all instrumentation and intelligence on board the vehicle, or through a cooperative approach, where assistance is provided from roadways and/or from other vehicles. In this article, recent research and developments of longitudinal control assistance systems are reviewed including adaptive cruise control, forward collision warning and avoidance, and platooning assistants. The review focuses on comparing between autonomous systems and cooperative systems in terms of technologies used, system impacts and implementation. The main objective is to achieve common understanding on ADAS functional potentials and limitations and to identify research needs for further studies. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 659-684 Issue: 5 Volume: 28 Year: 2008 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640801987825 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640801987825 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:28:y:2008:i:5:p:659-684 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Moshe Givoni Author-X-Name-First: Moshe Author-X-Name-Last: Givoni Title: A Comment on ‘The Myth of Travel Time Saving’ Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 685-688 Issue: 6 Volume: 28 Year: 2008 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640802535821 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640802535821 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:28:y:2008:i:6:p:685-688 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bert Van Wee Author-X-Name-First: Bert Author-X-Name-Last: Van Wee Author-Name: Piet Rietveld Author-X-Name-First: Piet Author-X-Name-Last: Rietveld Title: ‘The Myth of Travel Time Saving’: A Comment Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 688-692 Issue: 6 Volume: 28 Year: 2008 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640802535854 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640802535854 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:28:y:2008:i:6:p:688-692 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Mackie Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Mackie Title: Who Knows Where the Time Goes? A Response to David Metz Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 692-694 Issue: 6 Volume: 28 Year: 2008 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640802535870 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640802535870 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:28:y:2008:i:6:p:692-694 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Duncan Ironmonger Author-X-Name-First: Duncan Author-X-Name-Last: Ironmonger Author-Name: Philip Norman Author-X-Name-First: Philip Author-X-Name-Last: Norman Title: Improvements in Transport Infrastructure are designed to Increase Travel Speed: Comments on ‘The Myth of Travel Time Saving’ Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 694-698 Issue: 6 Volume: 28 Year: 2008 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640802535987 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640802535987 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:28:y:2008:i:6:p:694-698 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Robert B. Noland Author-X-Name-First: Robert B. Author-X-Name-Last: Noland Title: Understanding Accessibility and Road Capacity Changes: A Response in Support of Metz Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 698-706 Issue: 6 Volume: 28 Year: 2008 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640802535995 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640802535995 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:28:y:2008:i:6:p:698-706 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Glenn Lyons Author-X-Name-First: Glenn Author-X-Name-Last: Lyons Title: A Comment on ‘The Myth of Travel Time Saving’ Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 706-709 Issue: 6 Volume: 28 Year: 2008 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640802536001 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640802536001 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:28:y:2008:i:6:p:706-709 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tim Schwanen Author-X-Name-First: Tim Author-X-Name-Last: Schwanen Title: Reflections on Travel Time Savings: Comments to David Metz Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 709-713 Issue: 6 Volume: 28 Year: 2008 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640802536019 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640802536019 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:28:y:2008:i:6:p:709-713 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Metz Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Metz Title: Response to the Responses Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 713-715 Issue: 6 Volume: 28 Year: 2008 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640802536027 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640802536027 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:28:y:2008:i:6:p:713-715 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Partha Chakroborty Author-X-Name-First: Partha Author-X-Name-Last: Chakroborty Author-Name: Akhilesh Kumar Maurya Author-X-Name-First: Akhilesh Kumar Author-X-Name-Last: Maurya Title: Microscopic Analysis of Cellular Automata Based Traffic Flow Models and an Improved Model Abstract: Abstract A large number of cellular automata (CA) based traffic flow models have been proposed in the recent past. Often, the speed‐flow‐density relations obtained from these models are only presented and their apparent similarities with observed relations are cited as reasons for considering them as valid models of traffic flow. Hardly any attempt has been made to comprehensively study the microscopic properties (like time‐headway distribution, acceleration noise, stability in car‐following situations, etc.) of the simulated streams. This article proposes a framework for such evaluations. The article also presents the results from the evaluation of six existing CA‐based models. The results show that none of them satisfy all the properties. A new model proposed by the authors to overcome these shortcomings is briefly presented, and results supporting the improved performance of the proposed model are also provided. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 717-734 Issue: 6 Volume: 28 Year: 2008 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640802012813 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640802012813 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:28:y:2008:i:6:p:717-734 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Simon McDonnell Author-X-Name-First: Simon Author-X-Name-Last: McDonnell Author-Name: Susana Ferreira Author-X-Name-First: Susana Author-X-Name-Last: Ferreira Author-Name: Frank Convery Author-X-Name-First: Frank Author-X-Name-Last: Convery Title: Using Bus Rapid Transit to Mitigate Emissions of CO2 from Transport Abstract: Abstract This article investigates the role of bus rapid transit as a tool for mitigation of transport‐related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. We analyse a Quality Bus Corridor (QBC) implemented in Dublin, Ireland, in 1999 and estimate CO2 emissions associated with differing levels of bus priority for the period 1998--2003 and for the Kyoto commitment period (2008--12). Associated monetary values are established using CO2 prices from the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme. We find that, in the absence of a QBC, peak‐time emissions for our sample population would have been 50% higher than in the factual scenario. For the Kyoto commitment period, we find the median value of the policy implementation to be in the region of €650 000. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 735-756 Issue: 6 Volume: 28 Year: 2008 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640802012920 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640802012920 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:28:y:2008:i:6:p:735-756 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mustafa Anil Yazici Author-X-Name-First: Mustafa Anil Author-X-Name-Last: Yazici Author-Name: Kaan Ozbay Author-X-Name-First: Kaan Author-X-Name-Last: Ozbay Title: Evacuation Modelling in the United States: Does the Demand Model Choice Matter? Abstract: Abstract This paper reviews the literature on the evacuation demand problem, with an emphasis on the impact of various modelling approaches on network‐wide evacuation performance measures. First, a number of important factors that affect evacuee behaviour are summarized. Evacuation software packages and tools are also investigated in terms of the demand generation model they use. The most widely used models are then selected for performing sensitivity analysis. Next, a cell‐transmission‐based system optimal dynamic traffic assignment (SO‐DTA) model is employed to assess the effects of the demand model choice on the clearance time and average travel time. It is concluded that evacuation demand models should be selected with care, and policy makers should make sure the selected demand curve can replicate real‐life conditions with relatively high fidelity for the study region to be able to develop reliable and realistic evacuation plans. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 757-779 Issue: 6 Volume: 28 Year: 2008 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640802041812 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640802041812 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:28:y:2008:i:6:p:757-779 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stuart Meek Author-X-Name-First: Stuart Author-X-Name-Last: Meek Author-Name: Stephen Ison Author-X-Name-First: Stephen Author-X-Name-Last: Ison Author-Name: Marcus Enoch Author-X-Name-First: Marcus Author-X-Name-Last: Enoch Title: Role of Bus‐Based Park and Ride in the UK: A Temporal and Evaluative Review Abstract: Abstract The number of bus‐based Park and Ride (P&R) schemes in the UK has grown substantially over the past 40 years as a result of its encouragement by the Government as a tool to deal with increasing traffic congestion and traffic‐related pollution. The aim of this article is to analyse the degree to which P&R is effective in the contemporary policy context. The authors identify phases of development of P&R since its emergence as a local solution to transport capacity constraints in historic towns. Policy goals are identified against which a review of literature is used to highlight its effectiveness. It is concluded that P&R may increase the distance travelled by its users due to low load factors on dedicated buses, public transport abstraction and trip generation, although it is highlighted that there are areas in which further research is required to clarify its impacts. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 781-803 Issue: 6 Volume: 28 Year: 2008 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640802059152 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640802059152 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:28:y:2008:i:6:p:781-803 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kuo‐Chung Shang Author-X-Name-First: Kuo‐Chung Author-X-Name-Last: Shang Author-Name: Chin‐Shan Lu Author-X-Name-First: Chin‐Shan Author-X-Name-Last: Lu Title: Effects of Safety Climate on Perceptions of Safety Performance in Container Terminal Operations Abstract: Abstract This study empirically examined the effects of safety climate on container operation terminal employees’ perceptions of safety performance in Kaohsiung Port in Taiwan using the structural equation modelling (SEM) technique. Factor analysis and a series of validity and reliability tests were conducted, which resulted in the identification of three critical safety climate dimensions, namely supervisor safety behaviour management, safety training programmes and co‐workers’ safety behaviour. There was a positive significant relationship between these three dimensions and safety performance. Results suggest that container operation terminals’ management can enhance and refine these firms’ safety climate by focusing especially on managing safety behaviour, safety training programmes and co‐workers’ safety behaviour, thereby reducing injuries and accidents. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 1-19 Issue: 1 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640802264943 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640802264943 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:29:y:2008:i:1:p:1-19 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Charles Kenny Author-X-Name-First: Charles Author-X-Name-Last: Kenny Title: Transport Construction, Corruption and Developing Countries Abstract: Abstract The construction industry is consistently ranked as one of the most corrupt industries worldwide. The impact of corruption goes beyond bribe payments to poor‐quality construction of transport infrastructure with low‐economic returns alongside low funding for maintenance. Regulation of the construction sector is necessary, but simplicity, transparency, enforcement and a focus on the outcomes of poor construction are likely to have the largest impact. Where government is the client, attempts to counter corruption need to begin at the level of planning and budgeting. Output‐based and community‐driven approaches show some promise as tools to reduce corruption, they will need to be complemented by a range of other interventions including publication of procurement documents, independent and community oversight, physical audit and public--private anti‐corruption partnerships. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 21-41 Issue: 1 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640802075760 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640802075760 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:29:y:2008:i:1:p:21-41 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Piet H. L. Bovy Author-X-Name-First: Piet H. L. Author-X-Name-Last: Bovy Title: On Modelling Route Choice Sets in Transportation Networks: A Synthesis Abstract: Abstract This article reviews a number of topics related to the modelling and generation of route choice sets, specifically for applications in large networks. It synthesizes existing knowledge using a conceptual framework, and addresses in what respects route choice differ from other travel choices. It shows that it is advantageous to distinguish the processes of choice set formation and choice per se, but also to explicitly separate the modelling steps of choice set generation and choice modelling. The article discusses the various purposes for which route choice sets may be used and what these mean for practical choice set modelling. A generic conceptual scheme is presented relating the distinct key elements of the known route choice set generation approaches aimed at their classification and characterization. Some indications for their empirical validity are presented derived from applications to various uni‐modal and multi‐modal networks. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 43-68 Issue: 1 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640802078673 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640802078673 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:29:y:2008:i:1:p:43-68 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Karst T. Geurs Author-X-Name-First: Karst T. Author-X-Name-Last: Geurs Author-Name: Wouter Boon Author-X-Name-First: Wouter Author-X-Name-Last: Boon Author-Name: Bert Van Wee Author-X-Name-First: Bert Author-X-Name-Last: Van Wee Title: Social Impacts of Transport: Literature Review and the State of the Practice of Transport Appraisal in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom Abstract: Abstract Transport appraisals in European countries increasingly address three dimensions of sustainability—economic, ecological and social. However, social impacts of transport have been underexposed in (ex‐ante) transport project appraisal, at least in the Netherlands. Firstly, this article presents a theoretical framework describing the relationships between determinants of social impacts of transport; it also provides a definition and categorization of those impacts. Secondly, the article reviews the state of the practice of national transport project appraisal in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. The article shows that social impacts of transport investments can take on many forms and their levels of importance may vary widely, in project appraisal. The UK transport appraisal guidance includes a spectrum of social impacts through quantitative and qualitative assessments that is broader than the Dutch appraisal guidance. However, it does not cover the full range as identified in the literature. This holds, in particular, for the temporary impacts of transport investments, health impacts, social cohesion, the distribution and accumulation of impacts across population groups and social justice. All in all, it can be concluded that there is a long way to go before social impacts of transport projects are completely included in appraisals, in a way that allows us to compare them to economic and ecological effects. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 69-90 Issue: 1 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640802130490 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640802130490 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:29:y:2008:i:1:p:69-90 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bettina Wittneben Author-X-Name-First: Bettina Author-X-Name-Last: Wittneben Author-Name: Daniel Bongardt Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Author-X-Name-Last: Bongardt Author-Name: Holger Dalkmann Author-X-Name-First: Holger Author-X-Name-Last: Dalkmann Author-Name: Wolfgang Sterk Author-X-Name-First: Wolfgang Author-X-Name-Last: Sterk Author-Name: Christian Baatz Author-X-Name-First: Christian Author-X-Name-Last: Baatz Title: Integrating Sustainable Transport Measures into the Clean Development Mechanism Abstract: Abstract While the number of projects under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is expanding rapidly, there currently are relatively few transport projects in the global CDM portfolio. This article examines existing CDM transport projects and explores whether sectoral approaches to the CDM may provide a better framework for transport than the current project‐based CDM. We ask: Would a sectoral approach to the CDM promote the structural change and integrated policymaking needed to achieve sustainable transport policy, making it hence more desirable than the framework of the current project‐based CDM? We conclude that it is possible to design sectoral transport activities within clear project boundaries that fit into a framework of a programmatic or policy‐based CDM. Although we are able to ascertain that transport policy research yields several modelling tools to address the methodological requirements of the CDM, it becomes apparent that sectoral approaches will accentuate transport projects’ problems regarding high complexity and related uncertainties. The CDM may need new rules to manage these risks. Nonetheless, sectoral approaches allow the scaling up of activities to a level that affects long‐term structural change. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 91-113 Issue: 1 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640802133494 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640802133494 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:29:y:2008:i:1:p:91-113 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yu‐Chun Chang Author-X-Name-First: Yu‐Chun Author-X-Name-Last: Chang Author-Name: George Williams Author-X-Name-First: George Author-X-Name-Last: Williams Author-Name: Chia‐Jui Hsu Author-X-Name-First: Chia‐Jui Author-X-Name-Last: Hsu Title: An Ongoing Process—A Review of the Open Skies Agreements between the European Union and the United States Abstract: Abstract This article seeks to clarify the implications of the Open Skies agreement reached between the European Union (EU) and the USA in March 2007. It begins by reviewing the background of aviation regulation and the negotiations that have taken place between the European Commission (EC) and the USA over the past few years. It discusses the EU and US perspectives on the development of the transatlantic market and summarizes the key elements of the new Open Skies agreement. It goes on to analyse the probable effects of the agreement and identifies the likely winners and losers. It also highlights the unresolved problems for the EU and the USA. Finally, it concludes that while both sides might not be satisfied with the new agreement, it will nonetheless become a liberalized model for other regions of the world to emulate. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 115-127 Issue: 1 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640802196293 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640802196293 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:29:y:2008:i:1:p:115-127 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Regina Kamuhanda Author-X-Name-First: Regina Author-X-Name-Last: Kamuhanda Author-Name: Oliver Schmidt Author-X-Name-First: Oliver Author-X-Name-Last: Schmidt Title: Matatu: A Case Study of the Core Segment of the Public Transport Market of Kampala, Uganda Abstract: Abstract In Uganda, public transport is provided by a four‐tiered public transport system, with the Matatu (usually Toyota cabin‐transporters of 1990s make) as its backbone, providing the widest, densest and cheapest connectivity. The article shares findings of a survey on perceptions, profiles and aspirations of drivers/conductors/stage personnel and of passengers. They show that entering a career within the Matatu business opens choices and promises inclusion into a relatively strong social network. For passengers, the Matatu offers a cost‐effective opportunity to commute to places of work, transport goods and connect with business partners. The findings also point to limitations of the current public transport system, with emphasis on lacking client care, e.g. fare cheating by conductors. There is a need to better understand the dynamics of urban transport systems against the background of expanding urbanization in low‐income countries. This article has attempted to contribute to that need. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 129-142 Issue: 1 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640802207553 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640802207553 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:29:y:2008:i:1:p:129-142 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Moshe Givoni Author-X-Name-First: Moshe Author-X-Name-Last: Givoni Title: Book Review Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 143-144 Issue: 1 Volume: 29 Year: 2009 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640802259869 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640802259869 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:29:y:2009:i:1:p:143-144 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Goran Vuk Author-X-Name-First: Goran Author-X-Name-Last: Vuk Author-Name: Christian Overgaard Hansen Author-X-Name-First: Christian Overgaard Author-X-Name-Last: Hansen Author-Name: James Fox Author-X-Name-First: James Author-X-Name-Last: Fox Title: The Copenhagen Traffic Model and its Application in the Metro City Ring Project Abstract: Abstract In June 2007, the Danish Parliament passed an act to finance the construction of the Metro City Ring in Copenhagen. The assessment project is based on the passenger patronage forecasts for 2015 from the Copenhagen traffic model. In this paper we show how the model forecasts for this particular infrastructure project can be explained through detailed knowledge of model structure and model validation. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 145-161 Issue: 2 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640802246106 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640802246106 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:29:y:2008:i:2:p:145-161 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shu‐Ling Chen Author-X-Name-First: Shu‐Ling Author-X-Name-Last: Chen Title: Port Administrative Structure Change Worldwide: Its Implication for Restructuring Port Authorities in Taiwan Abstract: Abstract This paper aims to review the evolution of the port authority’s role and recent changes in port administrative structure worldwide, and to discuss its implication for restructuring Taiwanese port authorities. It is found that the port authority is expected to play a proactive role in strategically managing overall port operations, and aggressively market its ports to port customers with a view to increasing cargo throughput and economic growth in its region. The change in the port authority’s role has driven a change in port administrative management structure worldwide. The proposed restructuring of port authorities in Taiwan is accompanied by some potential pitfalls. These include that the legislative framework of the programme is driven by political rather than professional concerns, and the port authority’s dual role as a regulator and as an operator at ports is against the principles of ‘separation of port administration (regulatory functions) and business management’ recently adopted worldwide. These pitfalls can impede the achievement of the objectives, including directing port authorities towards becoming independent commercially oriented entities. Therefore, this paper recommends that port corporatization approach will be a good alternative for restructuring Taiwanese port authorities. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 163-181 Issue: 2 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640802260248 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640802260248 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:29:y:2008:i:2:p:163-181 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Photis M. Panayides Author-X-Name-First: Photis M. Author-X-Name-Last: Panayides Author-Name: Christos N. Maxoulis Author-X-Name-First: Christos N. Author-X-Name-Last: Maxoulis Author-Name: Teng‐Fei Wang Author-X-Name-First: Teng‐Fei Author-X-Name-Last: Wang Author-Name: Koi Yu Adolf Ng Author-X-Name-First: Koi Yu Adolf Author-X-Name-Last: Ng Title: A Critical Analysis of DEA Applications to Seaport Economic Efficiency Measurement Abstract: Abstract The significant increase in the adoption of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) for seaport efficiency measurement renders a literature synthesis and critical analysis of the application of the technique relevant and worthwhile. This paper provides a thorough review and critical analysis of the major studies undertaken to date, and highlights some problems and limitations in the application of the technique in the seaport context particularly in the specification of parameters, the sampling domain and the type of DEA to be applied. The paper informs the decision process as to the merits and limitations of DEA approaches for seaport efficiency measurement and makes a contribution towards methodological improvement by considering variations not yet applied to the port sector. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 183-206 Issue: 2 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640802260354 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640802260354 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:29:y:2008:i:2:p:183-206 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stephen X. H. Gong Author-X-Name-First: Stephen X. H. Author-X-Name-Last: Gong Title: Event Study in Transport Research: Methodology and Applications Abstract: Abstract The event study method has wide applications in economics and business studies. This mode of investigation focuses on identifying the economic effects of economy‐wide, industry‐ or firm‐specific events on firms or industries. This paper introduces the event study method by first presenting the theoretical and statistical basis of the methodology. Examples of applications in the economics and business studies literature are then used to illustrate the strengths and weaknesses of the method, followed by further analyses of specific applications in the transport industry. Lastly, future opportunities for applying the event study method to transport research are discussed. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 207-222 Issue: 2 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640802291680 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640802291680 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:29:y:2008:i:2:p:207-222 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jeremy Drew Author-X-Name-First: Jeremy Author-X-Name-Last: Drew Title: The Benefits for Rail Freight Customers of Vertical Separation and Open Access Abstract: Abstract This paper reviews and analyses the benefits for rail freight customers of the two principal models for introducing competition in main line railway networks: (1) the vertical separation of infrastructure from operations; and (2) the introduction of competition providing other operators with open access to the network. The paper shows that traffic growth has generally been higher in those European countries that have liberalized most. It then examines in detail the impact of restructuring in Great Britain in terms of the competition, freight rates and traffic growth. The paper concludes that vertical separation benefits freight customers more than just open access. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 223-237 Issue: 2 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640802295467 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640802295467 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:29:y:2008:i:2:p:223-237 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. García‐Menéndez Author-X-Name-First: L. Author-X-Name-Last: García‐Menéndez Author-Name: M. Feo‐Valero Author-X-Name-First: M. Author-X-Name-Last: Feo‐Valero Title: European Common Transport Policy and Short‐Sea Shipping: Empirical Evidence Based on Modal Choice Models Abstract: Abstract This article aims to find the determinants of mode choice decisions for Spanish full lorry and full container loads shipments to the rest of Europe in four productive sectors: agroindustry, ceramic tiles, motor vehicle parts and household appliances. To this end exhaustive fieldwork was carried out and a database constructed, including 507 observations collected from transport decision‐makers. A binary logit is used to estimate a modal choice model where the two modes considered are road transport and Short‐Sea Shipping. The estimation of the model stresses the importance of a politico‐economic evaluation of how to modify the modal split, paying particular attention to the role that can be attributed to a series of variables going beyond cost and time, which address the increasing complexity of sectorial logistics chains. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 239-259 Issue: 2 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640802357192 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640802357192 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:29:y:2008:i:2:p:239-259 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: José Manuel Vassallo Author-X-Name-First: José Manuel Author-X-Name-Last: Vassallo Author-Name: Pablo Pérez De Villar Author-X-Name-First: Pablo Author-X-Name-Last: Pérez De Villar Author-Name: Ramón Muñoz‐Raskin Author-X-Name-First: Ramón Author-X-Name-Last: Muñoz‐Raskin Author-Name: Tomás Serebrisky Author-X-Name-First: Tomás Author-X-Name-Last: Serebrisky Title: Public Transport Funding Policy in Madrid: Is There Room for Improvement? Abstract: Abstract Public transport policy in the Madrid Metropolitan Area is often deemed as a success. In 1985, an important reform was carried out in order to create a new administrative authority to coordinate all public transport modes and establish a single fare for all of them. This reform prompted a huge growth in public transport usage, even though it reduced the funding coverage ratio of the transport system. Since then, Madrid’s public transport system has been undergoing an increasing level of subsidization, which might jeopardize the financial viability of the city public transport system in the future. In this paper, we present a detailed analysis of the evolution of the public transport funding policy in Madrid in recent years. We found that the increasing level of subsidy can hardly be explained on the basis of equity issues. Moreover, we claim that there is still room for a funding policy that makes the efficiency of the system compatible with its financial sustainability. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 261-278 Issue: 2 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640802383214 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640802383214 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:29:y:2008:i:2:p:261-278 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bert van Wee Author-X-Name-First: Bert Author-X-Name-Last: van Wee Title: Self‐Selection: A Key to a Better Understanding of Location Choices, Travel Behaviour and Transport Externalities? Abstract: Abstract In the last decade the importance of attitude‐related residential self‐selection has frequently been recognized. In addition people can theoretically self‐select them with respect to other location choices, such as job locations, with respect to travel behaviour, or with respect to the exposure to transport externalities such as noise and congestion. In this paper, we argue that insights into self‐selection processes might significantly improve our knowledge on location choices, travel behaviour and transport externalities. We elaborate on options for self‐selection and briefly formulate methodologies for research into self‐selection. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 279-292 Issue: 3 Volume: 29 Year: 2009 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640902752961 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640902752961 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:29:y:2009:i:3:p:279-292 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petter Næss Author-X-Name-First: Petter Author-X-Name-Last: Næss Title: Residential Self‐Selection and Appropriate Control Variables in Land Use: Travel Studies Abstract: Abstract Several researchers within the field of land use and travel have claimed that self‐selection of residents into geographical locations matching their travelling preferences precludes researchers from drawing firm conclusions about influences of residential location on travel. This paper counters this position. For one thing, if households self‐select into areas that meet their travel preferences, it seems self‐evident that urban structure matters. Evidence from qualitative interviews in the metropolitan areas of Copenhagen and Hangzhou indicates that most of the interviewees’ rationales for activity participation, location of activities, choice of travel mode and route choice contribute to a higher amount of motorized travel among outer‐area residents than among inner‐city dwellers, regardless of any self‐selection of residents to particular types of neighbourhoods. Drawing on data from Copenhagen Metropolitan Area, the paper shows that significant relationships between residential location and travel exist regardless of travel‐related residential preferences. Moreover, car ownership, and to some extent also transport attitudes, is influenced by residential location. Studies treating car ownership and attitudes to car travel as exogenous control variables not influenced by urban structure tend to underestimate the impacts of residential location on travel. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 293-324 Issue: 3 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640802710812 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640802710812 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:29:y:2008:i:3:p:293-324 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wendy Bohte Author-X-Name-First: Wendy Author-X-Name-Last: Bohte Author-Name: Kees Maat Author-X-Name-First: Kees Author-X-Name-Last: Maat Author-Name: Bert van Wee Author-X-Name-First: Bert Author-X-Name-Last: van Wee Title: Measuring Attitudes in Research on Residential Self‐Selection and Travel Behaviour: A Review of Theories and Empirical Research Abstract: Abstract Empirical studies that include travel‐related attitudes to identify the role of residential self‐selection in the relationship between the built environment and travel behaviour display a wide variety in the type of attitudes that they include, the relationships between the variables that they analyse and the ways they measure attitude. This paper discusses what theories on attitudes and behaviour can contribute to examining the role of self‐selection and reviews those studies on residential self‐selection and travel behaviour that explicitly include attitudes. Although several studies state that residential self‐selection is accounted for by the inclusion of attitudes, the complexity of the inclusion and the measurement of attitudes often leads to an underestimation of the role of residential self‐selection. Because of their relevance to the reliability of results, the options for measuring travel‐related attitudes are also discussed. When attitudes are included in questionnaires, it is essential to consider reliability, efficiency, response and the number of variables. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 325-357 Issue: 3 Volume: 29 Year: 2009 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640902808441 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640902808441 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:29:y:2009:i:3:p:325-357 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xinyu (Jason) Cao Author-X-Name-First: Xinyu (Jason) Author-X-Name-Last: Cao Author-Name: Patricia L. Mokhtarian Author-X-Name-First: Patricia L. Author-X-Name-Last: Mokhtarian Author-Name: Susan L. Handy Author-X-Name-First: Susan L. Author-X-Name-Last: Handy Title: Examining the Impacts of Residential Self‐Selection on Travel Behaviour: A Focus on Empirical Findings Abstract: Abstract Numerous studies have found that suburban residents drive more and walk less than residents in traditional neighbourhoods. What is less well understood is the extent to which the observed patterns of travel behaviour can be attributed to the residential built environment (BE) itself, as opposed to attitude‐induced residential self‐selection. To date, most studies addressing this self‐selection issue fall into nine methodological categories: direct questioning, statistical control, instrumental variables, sample selection, propensity score, joint discrete choice models, structural equations models, mutually dependent discrete choice models and longitudinal designs. This paper reviews 38 empirical studies using these approaches. Virtually all of the studies reviewed found a statistically significant influence of the BE remaining after self‐selection was accounted for. However, the practical importance of that influence was seldom assessed. Although time and resource limitations are recognized, we recommend usage of longitudinal structural equations modelling with control groups, a design which is strong with respect to all causality requisites. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 359-395 Issue: 3 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640802539195 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640802539195 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:29:y:2008:i:3:p:359-395 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Germà Bel Author-X-Name-First: Germà Author-X-Name-Last: Bel Author-Name: John Foote Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Foote Title: Tolls, Terms and Public Interest in Road Concessions Privatization: A Comparative Analysis of Recent Transactions in the USA and France Abstract: Abstract Recent concessions in France and in the USA have resulted in a dramatic difference in the valuation placed on the toll roads; the price paid by the investors in France was 12 times current cash flow whereas investors paid 60 times current cash flow for US toll roads. In this paper, we explore two questions: what accounts for the difference in these multiples? and what are the implications with respect to the public interest? Our analysis illustrates how structural and procedural decisions made by the public owner affect the concession price. Further, the terms of the concession have direct consequences that are enjoyed or borne by the various stakeholders of the toll road. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 397-413 Issue: 3 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640802432144 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640802432144 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:29:y:2008:i:3:p:397-413 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sabine Jokisch Author-X-Name-First: Sabine Author-X-Name-Last: Jokisch Author-Name: Tim Mennel Author-X-Name-First: Tim Author-X-Name-Last: Mennel Title: Hydrogen in Passenger Transport: A Macroeconomic Analysis Abstract: Abstract Hydrogen is often seen as a promising future energy carrier given the major reliance of today's transport sector on finite fossil fuels. This article assesses the macroeconomic effects of introducing hydrogen as fuel in passenger transport within the framework of the computable general equilibrium model PACE‐T(H2). Our simulation results suggest small improvements in the macroeconomic performance in almost all European countries from the introduction of hydrogen. The magnitude of economic effects however depends on the assumed learning curve of hydrogen cars and on the future development of hydrogen infrastructure costs. The results presented in this article build on data and projects developed in the EU funded HyWays project. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 415-438 Issue: 4 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640802358059 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640802358059 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:29:y:2008:i:4:p:415-438 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Y. H. Venus Lun Author-X-Name-First: Y. H. Author-X-Name-Last: Venus Lun Author-Name: Kee‐Hung Lai Author-X-Name-First: Kee‐Hung Author-X-Name-Last: Lai Author-Name: T. C. Edwin Cheng Author-X-Name-First: T. C. Edwin Author-X-Name-Last: Cheng Title: A Descriptive Framework for the Development and Operation of Liner Shipping Networks Abstract: Abstract A liner shipping network is a form of collaboration in the liner shipping industry where players such as intermodal services providers, container management services providers and container terminal operators share resources and assets to develop mutually beneficial strategies and seek operational performance gains. This paper examines the liner shipping industry from the network perspective with a focus on developing a descriptive framework for the development and operations of liner shipping networks. To achieve this objective, we use case study research to establish a descriptive framework for the reference of liner shipping companies (LSCs) and their business partners to operate and manage their networks competently. To understand the participation of LSCs in liner shipping networks, we explore the driving forces that prompt LSCs to develop and operate their networks based on evidence from case studies of liner shipping services. This study provides a useful framework for LSCs and their business partners to compare different areas for cost and service improvements in operating liner shipping networks. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 439-457 Issue: 4 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640802405215 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640802405215 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:29:y:2008:i:4:p:439-457 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Johannes Fuhr Author-X-Name-First: Johannes Author-X-Name-Last: Fuhr Author-Name: Thorsten Beckers Author-X-Name-First: Thorsten Author-X-Name-Last: Beckers Title: Contract Design, Financing Arrangements and Public Ownership—An Assessment of the US Airport Governance Model Abstract: Abstract US airports negotiate legally binding contracts with airlines and finance large investment projects with revenue bonds. Applying insights from transaction cost economics, we argue that the observed variation in contractual and financing arrangements at US airports corresponds to the parties' needs for safeguarding and coordination. The case evidence presented reveals that public owners set the framework for private investments and contracting. We suggest that airline contracts and capital market control result in comparative efficient investments and act as a check on the cost inefficiency typically linked to public ownership. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 459-478 Issue: 4 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640802465656 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640802465656 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:29:y:2008:i:4:p:459-478 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carlos Pestana Barros Author-X-Name-First: Carlos Author-X-Name-Last: Pestana Barros Title: The Measurement of Efficiency of UK Airports, Using a Stochastic Latent Class Frontier Model Abstract: Abstract In this paper, the latent stochastic frontier model is used to estimate the technical efficiency of UK airports. These airports are ranked according to their technical efficiency for the period 2000--06 and the airports are disentangled and segmented by the cost frontier model, which leads us to advise the implementation of policies by segments. Economic implications arising from the study are also considered. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 479-498 Issue: 4 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640802525418 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640802525418 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:29:y:2008:i:4:p:479-498 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sabine Knapp Author-X-Name-First: Sabine Author-X-Name-Last: Knapp Author-Name: Michel van de Velden Author-X-Name-First: Michel Author-X-Name-Last: van de Velden Title: Visualization of Differences in Treatment of Safety Inspections across Port State Control Regimes: A Case for Increased Harmonization Efforts Abstract: Abstract The topic of harmonizing port state control (PSC) inspections has been on the agenda of the flag state sub‐committee meeting at the International Maritime Organization in recent years. This article is based on a unique combined dataset of 183 819 PSC inspections and uses correspondence analysis to visualize differences in treatment of vessels across several PSC regimes, representing more than 50 individual port states in order to provide better insight into the areas of possible harmonization. The results show that treatment of vessels across the regimes varies, indicating room for harmonization in all inspection areas. We recommend accelerating the harmonization process by putting more emphasis on the harmonization of inspection procedures, combined training of PSC officers and the use of combined datasets across regimes, in particular in the concept of the development of the Global Integrated Ship Information System of the International Maritime Organization. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 499-514 Issue: 4 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640802573749 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640802573749 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:29:y:2008:i:4:p:499-514 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elena López Author-X-Name-First: Elena Author-X-Name-Last: López Author-Name: Andrés Monzón Author-X-Name-First: Andrés Author-X-Name-Last: Monzón Author-Name: Emilio Ortega Author-X-Name-First: Emilio Author-X-Name-Last: Ortega Author-Name: Santiago Mancebo Quintana Author-X-Name-First: Santiago Author-X-Name-Last: Mancebo Quintana Title: Assessment of Cross‐Border Spillover Effects of National Transport Infrastructure Plans: An Accessibility Approach Abstract: Abstract Traditional transport infrastructure assessment methodologies rarely include the full range of strategic benefits for the transportation system. One of these benefits is the contribution to cross‐border integration, critical for the European integration process. However, this is a key issue in strategic planning and decision‐making processes, as its inclusion may increase the probability of large‐scale transport infrastructure projects being funded. This paper presents a methodology for the measurement of the contribution of transport infrastructure plans to European integration. The methodology is based on the measurement of the improvement in network efficiency in cross‐border regions of neighbouring countries, via accessibility calculations in a Geographical Information System support. The methodology was tested by applying it to the ambitious road and rail network extensions included in the Spanish Strategic Transport and Infrastructure Plan (PEIT) 2005--2020. The results show significant and important network efficiency improvements of the PEIT outside the Spanish border. For the road mode, while the Spanish average accessibility improvement accounts for 2.6%, average improvements in cross‐border regions of France and Portugal are of 1.8%. And for the rail mode, the corresponding Spanish value is 34.5%, whereas in neighbouring regions it accounts for 20.2%. These results stress the significant importance of this strategic benefit and the consequent need for its inclusion in strategic planning processes. Finally, the paper identifies the potential of the methodology when applied at different administrative levels, such as the local or state levels. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 515-536 Issue: 4 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640802627974 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640802627974 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:29:y:2008:i:4:p:515-536 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Antoine Frémont Author-X-Name-First: Antoine Author-X-Name-Last: Frémont Title: Shipping Lines and Logistics Abstract: Abstract It has been acknowledged that logistics is a driving force that shapes the integration of the transport chain. This paper argues that while the liner shipping industry exhibits increased horizontal integration, its vertical integration remains limited. A clear distinction is drawn between freight logistics, container logistics and vessel logistics. Freight logistics is defined as part of the supply chain process, the focus of which is the goods being transported. The purpose of container logistics is to optimize the movements of the containers themselves, an operation that is directly related to vessel logistics which is concerned with maximizing vessel utilization. The paper demonstrates that shipping lines have to find the correct balance between these three types of logistics. Their interest in vertical integration is primarily because the management of container logistics provides direct support to vessel logistics. Their involvement in freight logistics remains unclear and uncertain. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 537-554 Issue: 4 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640802677607 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640802677607 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:29:y:2008:i:4:p:537-554 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eric J.E. Molin Author-X-Name-First: Eric J.E. Author-X-Name-Last: Molin Author-Name: Harry J.P. Timmermans Author-X-Name-First: Harry J.P. Author-X-Name-Last: Timmermans Title: Editorial Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 555-556 Issue: 5 Volume: 29 Year: 2009 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640902916533 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640902916533 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:29:y:2009:i:5:p:555-556 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Harry J.P. Timmermans Author-X-Name-First: Harry J.P. Author-X-Name-Last: Timmermans Author-Name: Eric J.E. Molin Author-X-Name-First: Eric J.E. Author-X-Name-Last: Molin Title: Dealing with Increased Complexity in Conjoint Experiments: Background and Overview of Alternate Approaches Abstract: Abstract This paper serves as background information for the TRB workshop on stated preference modelling. The main argument of the paper is that the development of stated preference and choice models has witnessed increased complexity, which in turn has led to higher respondent burden. The paper discusses some examples of such increased complexity and some potential solutions to reduce respondent burden. Because some of these developments and solutions are discussed in more detail in other workshop papers, the level of detail in this paper depends on the specific topic. Those topics that are not discussed in the workshops receive slightly more attention. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 557-567 Issue: 5 Volume: 29 Year: 2009 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640902827532 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640902827532 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:29:y:2009:i:5:p:557-567 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: James B. Wiley Author-X-Name-First: James B. Author-X-Name-Last: Wiley Author-Name: Harry J.P. Timmermans Author-X-Name-First: Harry J.P. Author-X-Name-Last: Timmermans Title: Modelling Portfolio Choice in Transportation Research Abstract: Abstract This paper argues that certain choice problems in transportation research can be best conceptualized as problems of portfolio choice. It discusses how portfolio choice problems can be studied using discrete choice experiments, stated choice (conjoint) methods. Issues in the construction in the design of experiments, model specification and estimation are discussed. A working example illustrates the basic approach. Finally, possible extensions of the basic approach are identified. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 569-586 Issue: 5 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640902829462 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640902829462 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:29:y:2008:i:5:p:569-586 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John M. Rose Author-X-Name-First: John M. Author-X-Name-Last: Rose Author-Name: Michiel C. J. Bliemer Author-X-Name-First: Michiel C. J. Author-X-Name-Last: Bliemer Title: Constructing Efficient Stated Choice Experimental Designs Abstract: Abstract Stated choice (SC) experiments are often used in transportation studies for estimating and forecasting behaviour of travellers, road authorities, etc. This kind of experiment relies on underlying experimental designs. Whilst orthogonal designs are mainstream for practitioners, many researchers now realize that so‐called efficient designs are able to produce more efficient data in the sense that more reliable parameter estimates can be achieved with an equal or lower sample size. This paper describes several processes for generating SC experiments and is intended to give an overview of the current state‐of‐the‐art. Different methods are described. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 587-617 Issue: 5 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640902827623 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640902827623 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:29:y:2008:i:5:p:587-617 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pengfei Li Author-X-Name-First: Pengfei Author-X-Name-Last: Li Author-Name: Donggen Wang Author-X-Name-First: Donggen Author-X-Name-Last: Wang Title: Numerical Analysis of the Statistical Properties of Uniform Design in Stated Choice Modelling Abstract: Abstract Stated choice methods have been widely used in transportation studies since 1980s. In recent years, much research attention has been paid to develop optimal or efficient designs for choice experiments, such as the so‐called D‐optimal design, which does not seek for orthogonality as the traditional approach does but aims at minimizing the determinant of the variance--covariance matrix of the parameter estimators. This paper examines the statistical properties of an alternative design method—uniform design, which also does not look for orthogonality but aims at maximizing uniformity—a measure that is closely related to model efficiency. We compare the estimation efficiency and prediction efficiency of uniform design with that of the traditional fractional factorial orthogonal design in stated choice modelling. Monte Carlo experiments are used to generate models, whose parameters vary in scale. The results show that though uniform design uses a lot fewer profiles than orthogonal designs do, its prediction and estimation efficiencies in stated choice modelling are comparable to that of orthogonal design. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 619-634 Issue: 5 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640902829454 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640902829454 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:29:y:2008:i:5:p:619-634 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eric J. E. Molin Author-X-Name-First: Eric J. E. Author-X-Name-Last: Molin Author-Name: Harry J. P. Timmermans Author-X-Name-First: Harry J. P. Author-X-Name-Last: Timmermans Title: Hierarchical Information Integration Experiments and Integrated Choice Experiments Abstract: Abstract When conjoint experiments are applied to study complex decision making that involve many attributes, this often results in problems of information overload and respondent burden, potentially jeopardizing the validity of such experiments. To avoid or reduce the impact of these potential problems, Hierarchical Information Integration has been suggested. The key notion is to classify the large number of potentially influential attributes into a smaller set of decision constructs, construct separate experimental designs for each of these constructs and in addition a bridging design that allows the scaling of all part‐worth utilities into a concatenated utility expression. The basic approach suggested for preference measurements has been elaborated for other measurement tasks and the original design strategy has been refined into an alternative approach. This paper summarizes these developments and briefly discusses aspects of respondent burden and validity. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 635-655 Issue: 5 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640902829470 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640902829470 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:29:y:2008:i:5:p:635-655 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mark Bradley Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Bradley Title: Important Stated Preference Experimental Design Issues in Recent Transportation Applications Abstract: Abstract The paper discusses how the experimental design methods discussed in the preceding chapters, along with other methodological advances, can be used to address areas where SP techniques most need to be improved to deal with particular transportation contexts that are most prevalent in policy applications. Portfolio designs may be useful when people may make a series of choices in a repeating context, such as the mode used to go to work on different days of the week. The paper encourages the use of split sample approaches, where a certain experimental design variation is used for one randomly selected subsample, and one or more other design approaches are tested for other subsamples, allowing the effect of the experimental design on the responses to be tested. This approach can be used for different instructions about how respondents should think about the options, such as in the ‘cheap talk’ method to avoid non‐commitment bias. The split sample approach has also been used to compare different experimental design approaches, such as d‐optimal designs versus blocked orthogonal designs. Also encouraged are the use of experimental designs that accommodate more complete model specifications, such as error distributions around parameters, or interaction terms between choice attributes. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 657-663 Issue: 5 Volume: 29 Year: 2009 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640902867702 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640902867702 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:29:y:2009:i:5:p:657-663 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Francisco Aparicio Izquierdo Author-X-Name-First: Francisco Aparicio Author-X-Name-Last: Izquierdo Author-Name: Yago Colodrón Sesemann Author-X-Name-First: Yago Colodrón Author-X-Name-Last: Sesemann Author-Name: Juan Ángel Terrón Alonso Author-X-Name-First: Juan Ángel Terrón Author-X-Name-Last: Alonso Title: Safety Management Evaluation in Bus and Coach Companies Abstract: Abstract In recent years, different initiatives have been carried out to develop Safety Management System guides or standards for coach and bus companies. They all consist of a set of safety and management requirements to be followed by organizations. However, none of them offers a complete set of tools to evaluate the safety level of the company and find the main weak points in order to improve them. The INSIA (Automotive Research Institute of Madrid, Spain) has developed a complete model that includes not only a set of elements that determine the safety level of the company but also a set of indicators and criteria to evaluate these elements by a team of auditors. The model allows companies to measure their safety level, find the weakest points and propose improvement actions. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 665-684 Issue: 6 Volume: 29 Year: 2009 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640902750106 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640902750106 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:29:y:2009:i:6:p:665-684 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ion Georgiou Author-X-Name-First: Ion Author-X-Name-Last: Georgiou Title: Mapping Railway Development Prospects in Brazil Abstract: Abstract This paper reports on what appears to be the first attempt to map the perceived holistic dynamics at work in contemporary Brazilian railway development. The published perspectives of recognized experts in the Brazilian railway industry were mapped using the problem structuring methodology known as Strategic Options Development and Analysis (SODA). SODA is essentially a cognitive mapping approach and, in this case, it enabled a classification of the issues involved in railway development, as well as the detailed analysis of particular causes and effects acting upon the issues. Two particularly disturbing results are discussed in some length: the detrimental effects of the alleged misappropriations of public funds, and the identification of a degenerative feedback loop system at the heart of railway decision‐making. Overall, the paper shows that the situation faced by railway development in Brazil is constituted by a dynamic interaction of non‐independent problems, indicating the presence of a complex problem‐system requiring conceptual structure in a manner that permits analysis without ignoring systemic integrity. As such, the paper serves as a platform from which further use of SODA in this context might be considered as a decision support tool. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 685-714 Issue: 6 Volume: 29 Year: 2009 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640902752813 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640902752813 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:29:y:2009:i:6:p:685-714 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tomás Serebrisky Author-X-Name-First: Tomás Author-X-Name-Last: Serebrisky Author-Name: Andrés Gómez‐Lobo Author-X-Name-First: Andrés Author-X-Name-Last: Gómez‐Lobo Author-Name: Nicolás Estupiñán Author-X-Name-First: Nicolás Author-X-Name-Last: Estupiñán Author-Name: Ramón Muñoz‐Raskin Author-X-Name-First: Ramón Author-X-Name-Last: Muñoz‐Raskin Title: Affordability and Subsidies in Public Urban Transport: What Do We Mean, What Can Be Done? Abstract: Abstract Subsidy policies on public urban transport have been adopted ubiquitously. Both in developed and developing countries, subsidies are implemented under two major premises: (1) to increase public transport use and to reduce externalities, such as greenhouse gas emissions and congestion, and (2) to make transport more affordable, particularly for the poorest. This paper focuses on the latter. Despite the widespread implementation of subsidies, there are virtually no quantitative assessments of their distributional incidence, making it impossible to determine if these policy instruments are pro‐poor. Using different tools to quantitatively evaluate the incidence and distributive impacts of subsidy policy options, this paper analyses the findings of a series of research papers that have studied urban public transport subsidy policies in developed and developing countries. Available evidence indicates that current public urban transport subsidy policies do not make the poorest better off. Supply side subsidies—provided to the operator—are, for the most part, neutral or regressive; while demand side subsidies—provided to the user—perform better, although many of them do not improve income distribution. Considering that the vast majority of developing countries justify public urban transport subsidies on social grounds, as a means to improve the mobility, and thus welfare, of the poorest, it is imperative to move away from supply side subsidies towards demand side subsidies and integrate transport social concerns into wider poverty alleviation efforts, which include the possibility of channelling subsidies through monetary transfer systems or through other welfare instruments (food subsidies, health services and education for the poor). Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 715-739 Issue: 6 Volume: 29 Year: 2009 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640902786415 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640902786415 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:29:y:2009:i:6:p:715-739 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pin‐Fenn Chou Author-X-Name-First: Pin‐Fenn Author-X-Name-Last: Chou Author-Name: Chin‐Shan Lu Author-X-Name-First: Chin‐Shan Author-X-Name-Last: Lu Title: Assessing Service Quality, Switching Costs and Customer Loyalty in Home‐Delivery Services in Taiwan Abstract: Abstract This study empirically investigated service quality, switching costs and customer loyalty from home‐delivery services' customers' perceptive. With regard to service quality attributes, findings indicated that customers were most satisfied with ‘range of delivery’, followed by ‘seldom loses parcels’, ‘invoice accuracy’, ‘prompt and reliable collection’ and ‘delivery by due time’. They were least satisfied with competitiveness of price. A structural equation modelling (SEM) approach was employed to analyse the impact of service quality and switching costs on customer loyalty from customers' perspective. Results revealed that service quality positively influenced switching costs and customer loyalty, and switching costs had a positive effect on customer loyalty. Investigation of the moderating effect of switching costs on the relationship between service quality and customer loyalty indicated that it was significantly important. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings for firms providing home‐delivery services are discussed. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 741-758 Issue: 6 Volume: 29 Year: 2009 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640902796349 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640902796349 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:29:y:2009:i:6:p:741-758 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sharon Cullinane Author-X-Name-First: Sharon Author-X-Name-Last: Cullinane Title: From Bricks to Clicks: The Impact of Online Retailing on Transport and the Environment Abstract: Abstract Online retailing is growing fast and claims are being made about its positive environmental impact relative to traditional shopping, particularly by the retailers themselves. There is, however, little concrete evidence to support the claims. Whilst there exists some research into the passenger travel implications of e‐shopping, this paper seeks to analyse the issues involved in online shopping from both a passenger and freight transport perspective. The objectives of the paper are first, to set out the complex transport relationships involved in online shopping and in particular the interaction between the passenger and freight aspects and second, to shed some light on the environmental impact of online shopping. It concludes that as things currently stand, it cannot be stated with any degree of certainty that clicks are any more environmentally responsible than bricks. The paper is conceptual in nature and is the pre‐cursor to an empirical study of the issue. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 759-776 Issue: 6 Volume: 29 Year: 2009 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640902796364 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640902796364 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:29:y:2009:i:6:p:759-776 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hiroyuki Iseki Author-X-Name-First: Hiroyuki Author-X-Name-Last: Iseki Author-Name: Brian D. Taylor Author-X-Name-First: Brian D. Author-X-Name-Last: Taylor Title: Not All Transfers Are Created Equal: Towards a Framework Relating Transfer Connectivity to Travel Behaviour Abstract: Abstract Walking from origins to transit stops, transferring between transit lines and walking from transit stops to destinations—all add to the burden of transit travel, sometimes to a very large degree. Transfers in particular can be stressful and/or time‐consuming for travellers, discouraging transit use. As such, transit facilities that reduce the burdens of walking, waiting and transferring can substantially increase transit system efficacy and use. In this paper, we argue that transit planning research on transit stops and stations, and transit planning practice frequently lack a clear conceptual framework relating transit waits and transfers with what we know about travel behaviour. Therefore, we draw on the concepts of transfer penalties and value of time in the travel behaviour/economics literature to develop a framework that situates transfer penalties within the total travel generalized costs of a transit trip. For example, value of time is important in relating actual time of waiting and walking to the perceived time of travel. We also draw on research to classify factors most important to users’ perspectives and travel behaviour—transfer costs, time scheduling and five transfer facility attributes: (1) access, (2) connection and reliability, (3) information, (4) amenities, and (5) security and safety. Using this framework, we seek to explicitly relate improvements of transfer stops/stations with components of transfer penalties and changes in travel behaviour (through a reduction in transfer penalties). We conclude that the employment of such a framework can help practitioners better apply the most effective improvements to transit stops and transfer facilities. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 777-800 Issue: 6 Volume: 29 Year: 2008 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640902811304 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640902811304 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:29:y:2008:i:6:p:777-800 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Banister Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Banister Author-Name: Michael Browne Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Browne Author-Name: Moshe Givoni Author-X-Name-First: Moshe Author-X-Name-Last: Givoni Title: Transport Reviews—The 30-super-th Anniversary of the Journal Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 1-10 Issue: 1 Volume: 30 Year: 2010 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640903385076 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640903385076 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:30:y:2010:i:1:p:1-10 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kenneth A. Small Author-X-Name-First: Kenneth A. Author-X-Name-Last: Small Title: Private Provision of Highways: Economic Issues Abstract: Abstract This paper reviews issues raised by the use of private firms to finance, build, and/or operate highways—issues including cost of capital, level and structure of tolls, and adaptability to unforeseen changes. The public sector’s apparent advantage in cost of capital is at least partly illusory due to differences in tax liability and constraints on the supply of public capital. The evidence for lower costs of construction or operation by private firms is slim. Private firms are likely to promote more efficient pricing. Effective private road provision depends on well‐structured franchise agreements that allow pricing flexibility, restrain market power, enforce a sound debt structure, promote transparency, and foster other social goals. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 11-31 Issue: 1 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640903189288 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640903189288 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:30:y:2009:i:1:p:11-31 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Levinson Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Levinson Title: Equity Effects of Road Pricing: A Review Abstract: Abstract Are road pricing strategies regressive or progressive? This is a question that has been confronting researchers, practitioners, and policy‐makers who seek to implement new mechanisms to raise funds for transportation while simultaneously managing demand. The theoretical literature is mixed, as is the empirical literature. In part, this has to do with the various types of road pricing strategies that are being debated, different definitions of equity, and alternative assumptions about revenue recycling. Despite this seeming complexity, the literature is clear that equity issues are addressable. This paper provides a synthesis of the literature to date on both the theory of equity, as applied to road pricing, and the findings of empirical and simulation studies of the effects of particular implementations of road pricing, and suggested remedies for real or perceived inequities. To summarize, while there are certainly potential issues with equity associated with road pricing, those issues can be addressed with intelligent mechanism design that provides the right incentives to travellers and uses the raised revenues in a way to achieve desired equitable ends. These include cutting other taxes and investing in infrastructure and services. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 33-57 Issue: 1 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640903189304 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640903189304 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:30:y:2009:i:1:p:33-57 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eva Heinen Author-X-Name-First: Eva Author-X-Name-Last: Heinen Author-Name: Bert van Wee Author-X-Name-First: Bert Author-X-Name-Last: van Wee Author-Name: Kees Maat Author-X-Name-First: Kees Author-X-Name-Last: Maat Title: Commuting by Bicycle: An Overview of the Literature Abstract: Abstract Commuting by bicycle has advantages over other modes of transport, both for the commuter and for society. Although cycling is an option for many commuters, a considerable number of them choose to use other forms of transport. In order to underpin policies that promote commuting by bicycle, this paper investigates the determinants for commuting to work. As many bicycle commuters do not cycle every day, we also examine people’s daily choices, in terms of frequency. We conducted a survey of the current literature in order to identify the determinants for commuting by bicycle. We found many determinants, not all of which are addressed by conventional mode choice studies and models. This suggests that predicting and influencing bicycle use needs to be grounded in other kinds of knowledge than those currently available for motorized forms of transport. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 59-96 Issue: 1 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640903187001 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640903187001 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:30:y:2009:i:1:p:59-96 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ali Pirdavani Author-X-Name-First: Ali Author-X-Name-Last: Pirdavani Author-Name: Tom Brijs Author-X-Name-First: Tom Author-X-Name-Last: Brijs Author-Name: Geert Wets Author-X-Name-First: Geert Author-X-Name-Last: Wets Title: A Multiple Criteria Decision‐Making Approach for Prioritizing Accident Hotspots in the Absence of Crash Data Abstract: Abstract In an efficient transportation system, traffic safety is an important issue and it is influenced by many factors. In a country like Iran, until now safety improvements are mainly concentrated on road engineering activities, without much attention for vehicle technology or driving behaviour. One important aspect of road safety engineering activities is the so‐called treatment of hotspots or dangerous accident locations. Until recently, accident hotspots were identified and remedied by the esxperts’ personal judgements and a handful of statistics without taking into account other important factors such as geometric and traffic conditions of the road network. This paper therefore aims to define and identify the criteria for accident hotspots, then giving a value to each criterion in order to develop a model to prioritize accident hotspots when traffic accident data is not available. To do this, the ‘Delphi’ method has been adopted and a prioritization model is produced by the use of a ‘Multiple Criteria Decision‐Making’ method. The procedure is illustrated on a collection of 20 road sections in Iran. In addition, the model is validated against an existing database of road sections containing safe locations and hotspots. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is carried out on the proposed method. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 97-113 Issue: 1 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640903279345 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640903279345 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:30:y:2009:i:1:p:97-113 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Athanasios A. Pallis Author-X-Name-First: Athanasios A. Author-X-Name-Last: Pallis Author-Name: Thomas K. Vitsounis Author-X-Name-First: Thomas K. Author-X-Name-Last: Vitsounis Author-Name: Peter W. De Langen Author-X-Name-First: Peter W. Author-X-Name-Last: De Langen Title: Port Economics, Policy and Management: Review of an Emerging Research Field Abstract: Abstract This paper reviews research in port economics, policy and management during the period 1997--2008. In an increasingly international economy, research interest in ports is gradually emerging. This paper examines the developments, themes and characteristics of this research, by reviewing a comprehensive database consisting of all the 395 relevant journal papers on ports that were published during the period 1997--2008. With the use of quantitative and qualitative bibliometric tools, the paper identifies the characteristics of the port research community (such as the authors’ country of affiliation, number of authors involved and international collaboration rates). It also identifies the main characteristics of this emerging scientific research field (such as research approaches, units of analysis, samples of the ports examined and commodities analysed). Finally, the paper develops a content classification that distinguishes the main research subfields, identifies leading papers for these subfields and uses a cross‐citation analysis to analyse the coherence of the port research field. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 115-161 Issue: 1 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640902843208 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640902843208 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:30:y:2009:i:1:p:115-161 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael Asteris Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Asteris Author-Name: Alan Collins Author-X-Name-First: Alan Author-X-Name-Last: Collins Title: UK Container Port Investment and Competition: Impediments to the Market Abstract: Abstract The UK’s container trade is dominated by ports in the South East of England. In order to accommodate both trade growth and the increasing size of container ships, several investment schemes have been put forward in recent years. During their public scrutiny, a number of impediments to the market have become apparent, namely, the treatment of sunk cost, environmental constraints, the availability of subsidies to UK competitor ports and the nature of inland network infrastructure charging. These are analysed with a view to identifying policy prescriptions that are consistent with European Union perceptions of fair competition. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 163-178 Issue: 2 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640902796323 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640902796323 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:30:y:2009:i:2:p:163-178 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zeyan Zhang Author-X-Name-First: Zeyan Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang Author-Name: Miguel Andres Figliozzi Author-X-Name-First: Miguel Andres Author-X-Name-Last: Figliozzi Title: A Survey of China’s Logistics Industry and the Impacts of Transport Delays on Importers and Exporters Abstract: Abstract In the last decades, China’s booming economy has greatly benefited from globalization and trade liberalization. China has found a niche as the world’s manufacturing centre and it is playing a crucial role in a growing number of global supply chains. This research focuses on the performance of international and domestic transport and logistics systems as perceived by Chinese importers and exporters. A broad literature review of Chinese meteoric logistics industry development is provided. Results and analysis of in‐depth interviews with Chinese importers and exporters are presented. These interviews provide significant information regarding international freight transport chains, the impact of delays on supply chain operations and the subsequent costs, companies’ delay and disruption planning, and managers’ perspectives on future transport and logistics developments. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 179-194 Issue: 2 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640902843232 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640902843232 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:30:y:2009:i:2:p:179-194 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kai‐Chieh Hu Author-X-Name-First: Kai‐Chieh Author-X-Name-Last: Hu Title: Evaluating City Bus Service Based on Zone of Tolerance of Expectation and Normalized Importance Abstract: Abstract Improving the quality of the city bus service is an important topic for public transportation management. One way of measuring this improvement is to measure the gap between the passengers’ expectation and their perception. The expectation can be divided into desired service and adequate service, and the difference between these two is the tolerant zone of expectation. The present study has two purposes. The first is to propose a model for evaluating service quality based on the zone of tolerance of expectation (ZSQ). The second is to build an analytical framework for prioritizing attributes (NIZSQ, normalized importance--ZSQ analysis) through a quadrant analysis based on ZSQ and normalized importance. This research took the Taipei city bus service as an example. The data were collected by means of questionnaires. Statistical analysis was adopted to test the hypotheses. The result showed that the top two priorities for improvement are those attributes that are relevant to the interaction with the passengers, and the support from operations management. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 195-217 Issue: 2 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640902884780 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640902884780 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:30:y:2009:i:2:p:195-217 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Veronique Van Acker Author-X-Name-First: Veronique Author-X-Name-Last: Van Acker Author-Name: Bert Van Wee Author-X-Name-First: Bert Author-X-Name-Last: Van Wee Author-Name: Frank Witlox Author-X-Name-First: Frank Author-X-Name-Last: Witlox Title: When Transport Geography Meets Social Psychology: Toward a Conceptual Model of Travel Behaviour Abstract: Abstract Many studies model the effects of the built environment on travel behaviour. Usually, results are controlled for socio‐economic differences and sometimes socio‐psychological differences among respondents. However, these studies do not mention why after all a relationship should exist between travel behaviour and spatial, socio‐economic and personality characteristics. Answering this query involves combining and linking theories stemming from transport geography (e.g. time geography, activity‐based approach) and social psychology (e.g. Theory of Planned Behaviour, Theory of Repeated Behaviour). Using key‐variables from these theories, this paper aims to develop a conceptual model for travel behaviour. Comparable to customary theories in transport geography, this conceptual model considers travel behaviour as derived from locational behaviour and activity behaviour. But the conceptual model adds concepts such as ‘lifestyle’, ‘perceptions’, ‘attitudes’ and ‘preferences’ which indirectly influence travel behaviour. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 219-240 Issue: 2 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640902943453 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640902943453 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:30:y:2009:i:2:p:219-240 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sabine Knapp Author-X-Name-First: Sabine Author-X-Name-Last: Knapp Author-Name: Philip Hans Franses Author-X-Name-First: Philip Hans Author-X-Name-Last: Franses Title: Comprehensive Review of the Maritime Safety Regimes: Present Status and Recommendations for Improvements Abstract: Abstract This article presents a comprehensive review of the maritime safety regimes and provides recommendations on how to improve the system. The results show a complex legal framework which generates a high amount of inspections and overlapping of inspection areas where no cross‐recognition is established by the various stakeholders. While the safety system seems to be successful in eliminating substandard vessels and while average insurance claims costs are substantially lower for inspected vessels than non‐inspected vessels, the results indicate that the economic conditions of the shipping market also have an effect on safety quality besides the frequency of inspections. No significant differences can be found between industry inspections and port state control inspections with respect to decreasing the probability of casualty. The system could be made more effective by combining data sources on inspections and using them respectively to improve risk profiling and to decrease the frequency of inspections performed on ship types such as tankers. The results further indicate a lack of proper implementation of the International Safety Management Code (ISM code) and conventions with reference to working and living conditions of crew (ILO 147). A revision of the ISM code and more emphasis on enforcement of ILO 147 could further enhance the level of safety at sea. The authors would like to thank several inspection regimes for their cooperation in providing inspection data and in allowing the observation of surveys and inspections on 26 vessels. In addition, the authors would like to acknowledge the data providers for the casualty data, Clarksons for the economic data as well as two P&I Clubs in making data on insurance claims available. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 241-270 Issue: 2 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640902985934 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640902985934 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:30:y:2009:i:2:p:241-270 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kay W. Axhausen Author-X-Name-First: Kay W. Author-X-Name-Last: Axhausen Title: The Limits to Travel: How Far Will You Go? Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 271-273 Issue: 2 Volume: 30 Year: 2010 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640903020251 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640903020251 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:30:y:2010:i:2:p:271-273 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lorena Garcia‐Alonso Author-X-Name-First: Lorena Author-X-Name-Last: Garcia‐Alonso Author-Name: Joaquin Sanchez‐Soriano Author-X-Name-First: Joaquin Author-X-Name-Last: Sanchez‐Soriano Title: Analysis of the Evolution of the Inland Traffic Distribution and Provincial Hinterland Share of the Spanish Port System Abstract: Abstract This paper proposes a methodology based on non‐parametric statistical techniques to analyse whether the ordinal preferences in the port selection process are stable, and also the intensity of those preferences. We apply this methodology to the Spanish case from the landside perspective in order to answer the following question: Has the increase in inter‐port competition changed the port preferences? The result obtained is that the port selection pattern of the provinces has changed slightly, leading us to the conclusion that the relative appeal of the ports remains quite stable from the spatial perspective, despite the reform of the port system. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 275-297 Issue: 3 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640902985983 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640902985983 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:30:y:2009:i:3:p:275-297 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Finn Jørgensen Author-X-Name-First: Finn Author-X-Name-Last: Jørgensen Author-Name: Terje Andreas Mathisen Author-X-Name-First: Terje Andreas Author-X-Name-Last: Mathisen Title: Using Standardized Revenue and Cost Norm Analyses to Reveal Subsidy Fraud in Contracted Public Transport Services Abstract: Abstract In 2004, one of the biggest ferry operators in Norway was found guilty of having intentionally attempted to defraud the state of about 113 million Norwegian kroner in subsidies by underreporting revenues and overstating costs during the period 1992--2002. The company and five of the top managers were convicted and the case was regarded as one of the most serious subsidy offences ever committed in Norway. The aim of this article is to show that standardized revenue and cost norm models from the state can deter operators from committing such offences and when relevant detecting the fraud attempts at an early stage. Our model suggests that the operator in question overstated costs by about 19% and that the actual subsidy fraud attempt was about three times higher than concluded by the Court. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 299-313 Issue: 3 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640902986866 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640902986866 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:30:y:2009:i:3:p:299-313 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paul T.‐W. Lee Author-X-Name-First: Paul T.‐W. Author-X-Name-Last: Lee Author-Name: Kai‐Chieh Hu Author-X-Name-First: Kai‐Chieh Author-X-Name-Last: Hu Author-Name: Tao Chen Author-X-Name-First: Tao Author-X-Name-Last: Chen Title: External Costs of Domestic Container Transportation: Short‐Sea Shipping versus Trucking in Taiwan Abstract: Abstract This paper explores the external costs of domestic container transportation in Taiwan by analysing the origin and destination of current container cargoes. After reviewing an extensive literature survey of methods of external cost, a comparison of external costs between trucking and short sea shipping (SSS) by corridor is made by using a model developed in this paper. Based on the findings that external costs of SSS are considerably lower than truck transport and can be a viable alternative to current domestic container cargo transportation, we discuss the significance and managerial implications of SSS from the perspective of green logistics. In so doing, a top‐down approach is employed for developing government policies, which aim to not only reduce the external costs of domestic container transportation but also promote SSS in Taiwan. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 315-335 Issue: 3 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640903010120 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640903010120 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:30:y:2009:i:3:p:315-335 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Samuel Carpintero Author-X-Name-First: Samuel Author-X-Name-Last: Carpintero Title: Toll Roads in Central and Eastern Europe: Promises and Performance Abstract: Abstract In the early nineties, after the collapse of the communist system, many Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries hoped to expand their motorway network by offering concessions to private companies to finance, build and operate toll roads. Both the lack of public resources and the aim of increasing the role of private sector in the economy were behind that policy. In the nearly two decades since, roughly one‐third of the motorways built in CEE have been private concessions. But far fewer such motorways were built than expected, and many of those that were built were financed largely by payments from the government rather than by toll revenues. Moreover, all the toll roads are concentrated in three countries—Hungary, Poland and Croatia. This paper examines the history of toll road projects in those countries and the reasons of the gap between the expected outcomes and the actual results, which vary across countries. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 337-359 Issue: 3 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640903017380 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640903017380 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:30:y:2009:i:3:p:337-359 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eduardo A. Gamez Author-X-Name-First: Eduardo A. Author-X-Name-Last: Gamez Author-Name: Ali Touran Author-X-Name-First: Ali Author-X-Name-Last: Touran Title: A Quantitative Analysis of the Performance of Transportation Projects in Developing Countries Abstract: Abstract This paper presents the results of a detailed quantitative analysis of performance metrics of a sample consisting of 89 transportation projects sponsored by the World Bank. The sample and a subset consisting of 65 projects were evaluated using the performance metrics of project cost, schedule and scope. The effect of project size (dollar value) and project duration on performance metrics was investigated. Also, the achievement of project goals and potential improvement in planning and estimating over time (the learning effect) was studied. It was found that, in general, in transportation projects sponsored by the World Bank, costs are overestimated and schedules are optimistic. The outcome with respect to cost seems counter‐intuitive because previous work by other researchers had shown a systematic underestimation of project costs. There is significant evidence that there are no efficient controls in place to predict or prevent schedule delays. The study also showed that during the past 15 years, no improvement (learning effect) was evident in project cost and duration estimation as the level of accuracy has not changed significantly. Further, it is observed that project duration did not affect the performance with respect to cost and delay. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 361-387 Issue: 3 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640903034070 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640903034070 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:30:y:2009:i:3:p:361-387 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Antonio Sánchez Soliño Author-X-Name-First: Antonio Sánchez Author-X-Name-Last: Soliño Author-Name: Pilar Gago de Santos Author-X-Name-First: Pilar Author-X-Name-Last: Gago de Santos Title: Transaction Costs in Transport Public--Private Partnerships: Comparing Procurement Procedures Abstract: Abstract In recent years, concern has grown over good practices in the procurement process in public--private partnerships (PPPs). The consensus view is that PPPs are prone to higher transaction costs than traditional public provision. In this paper, we contrast the hypothesis that transaction costs in transport PPPs depend, to a large extent, on the procurement mechanism used in each case, comparing the Negotiated and the Open procedures. Given that PPPs may offer considerable benefits and significant savings over the entire life cycle of the project, it is essential for PPPs to minimize those costs that undermine efficiency gains and that deter private involvement. The quantitative analysis undertaken in this paper highlights that there is room for important savings in the tendering of PPP transport infrastructure projects, using an Open procedure. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 389-406 Issue: 3 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640903037941 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640903037941 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:30:y:2009:i:3:p:389-406 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zbigniew Taylor Author-X-Name-First: Zbigniew Author-X-Name-Last: Taylor Author-Name: Ariel Ciechański Author-X-Name-First: Ariel Author-X-Name-Last: Ciechański Title: Organizational and Ownership Transformation in Poland’s Urban Transport Companies Abstract: Abstract This paper seeks to reconstruct the organizational and ownership transformation involving Poland’s urban transport that companies passed through after 1990. Data collected from various sources (above all the Internet, including the Bulletins of Public Information) were used to establish the degree of advancement of the transformation processes. Despite the passage of nearly two decades since the new economic reforms were launched, the privatization processes involving enterprises of municipal origin are not well‐advanced. There is not a single private company among the organizers of urban transport. Instead, an absolute domination of budgetary‐sphere entities may be noted. Furthermore, there are seven transport municipal unions. Among the operators (carriers) public ownership remains dominant in the form of single‐person local authority companies, local government companies, municipal union ownerships, municipal companies as well as budgetary units. Privatization processes have encompassed fewer than 10% of all operators in the form of companies with foreign participation, workers’ companies and companies with Polish non‐public sector participation. Moreover, in 20 localities urban transport is supplied by multi‐trade municipal services enterprises (as of end‐2008). Thus, transformation processes, though started earlier than in the case of Poland’s State Road Transport coach companies, are much less advanced. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 407-434 Issue: 4 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640903034369 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640903034369 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:30:y:2009:i:4:p:407-434 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laura Eboli Author-X-Name-First: Laura Author-X-Name-Last: Eboli Author-Name: Gabriella Mazzulla Author-X-Name-First: Gabriella Author-X-Name-Last: Mazzulla Title: How to Capture the Passengers’ Point of View on a Transit Service through Rating and Choice Options Abstract: Abstract In this paper, a methodology for capturing the transit passenger’s point of view by using both rating and choice options is proposed. For this purpose, some discrete choice logit models are introduced; the models allow the probability of choice of some alternative transit services to be calculated, and the importance of each service aspect to be determined. The models are calibrated by using data collected by a survey in which a stated preferences experiment was proposed to a sample of passengers, and some judgements were expressed by them about their transit services, in terms of perceptions and expectations. The introduced methodology provides a relevant contribution from a practical viewpoint because it allows the identification of the most important aspects on overall service quality; it is useful to the transit operators for measuring service quality and for investing on the various service aspects in order to effectively improve transit services. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 435-450 Issue: 4 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640903068441 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640903068441 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:30:y:2009:i:4:p:435-450 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Juan Carlos Pérez‐Mesa Author-X-Name-First: Juan Carlos Author-X-Name-Last: Pérez‐Mesa Author-Name: Jose Joaquin Céspedes‐Lorente Author-X-Name-First: Jose Joaquin Author-X-Name-Last: Céspedes‐Lorente Author-Name: Jose Antonio Salinas Andújar Author-X-Name-First: Jose Antonio Salinas Author-X-Name-Last: Andújar Title: Feasibility Study for a Motorway of the Sea (MoS) between Spain and France: Application to the Transportation of Perishable Cargo Abstract: Abstract This paper studies the possibility of increasing shipping of fruit and vegetables from Almería (southeast of Spain) to Port Vendres‐Perpignan (southeast of France). Almería is one of the areas of vegetables production largest in the world and Perpignan is one of the most important customers of Almería. After analysing the potential volume of shipping, we estimate a mode choice model which allows us to study the sensitivity of final clients (horticultural operators) to future change in the variables which condition the choice between transport by sea or by land. This will also help us to calculate the market share of each system as a function of foreseeable change in the variables. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 451-471 Issue: 4 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640903083705 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640903083705 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:30:y:2009:i:4:p:451-471 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: James Odeck Author-X-Name-First: James Author-X-Name-Last: Odeck Title: What Determines Decision‐Makers’ Preferences for Road Investments? Evidence from the Norwegian Road Sector Abstract: Abstract What determines decision‐makers’ preferences for road projects has been a subject of debate in the transport economics literature for decades. Because economic assessments of road projects are conducted subject to demands by decision‐makers in almost all western European countries and the USA, it should be expected that they use these assessments in one way or another to determine the preferred portfolios of projects. This paper attempts to reveal the preference of decision‐makers with respect to road investment projects to be included in the Norwegian National Transport Plan for the period 2002--11. The decision‐makers are the Norwegian parliament members. The basis for considering each individual project for investment is the Impact Assessment sheet containing monetized and non‐monetized impacts that will accrue to society if a project is implemented. The dataset comprises a pool of 1121 independent projects, of which 184 were selected for investment. We hypothesize different models that may explain decision‐making using a multinomial logit model. The preferred model shows that most of the variables determining decisions are actually included in the traditional benefit--cost analyses (BCAs), except that the decision‐maker takes account of them in non‐monetary units rather than in a composite benefit--cost ratio or net present value. Further, among the government’s three stated objectives of efficiency, safety and regional development, only safety is found to be significant in the preferred model. These results support other previous studies to the extent that a BCA per se does not matter in decision‐making, but its components matter in a non‐monetized form. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 473-494 Issue: 4 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640903138640 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640903138640 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:30:y:2009:i:4:p:473-494 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Virginie Dejoux Author-X-Name-First: Virginie Author-X-Name-Last: Dejoux Author-Name: Yves D. Bussière Author-X-Name-First: Yves D. Author-X-Name-Last: Bussière Author-Name: Jean‐Loup Madre Author-X-Name-First: Jean‐Loup Author-X-Name-Last: Madre Author-Name: Jimmy Armoogum Author-X-Name-First: Jimmy Author-X-Name-Last: Armoogum Title: Projection of the Daily Travel of an Ageing Population: The Paris and Montreal Case, 1975--2020 Abstract: Abstract Ageing of the population, urban sprawl and car dependency will change travel patterns. The main objective of this paper is to give elements for a better understanding of the impact of changing demographics on the long‐term evolution of daily mobility using demographic‐based models to forecast, for the elderly population, car‐ownership, trip frequency, distance travelled, average trip distance. A second objective is to measure the impact of the long‐term tendencies observed on the appearance of new needs of travel demand such as a rapid increase of demand‐responsive transport. The paper compares two agglomerations, both in a strong ageing process, but in cultural contexts: a large European metropolis, Paris; and a medium sized North‐American city, Montreal. Many common conclusions derived from the two different cases studies reinforce the possibility of generalizing the conclusions to other situations. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 495-515 Issue: 4 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640903166724 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640903166724 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:30:y:2009:i:4:p:495-515 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pedro Simões Author-X-Name-First: Pedro Author-X-Name-Last: Simões Author-Name: Rui Cunha Marques Author-X-Name-First: Rui Cunha Author-X-Name-Last: Marques Title: Influence of Congestion Efficiency on the European Seaports Performance: Does It Matter? Abstract: Abstract The increase in cargo transportation has not necessarily corresponded to an improvement in the productive efficiency. Quite on the contrary, particular infrastructures are prone to the congestion phenomenon. In this case, after a given value the increase in inputs can lead to a decrease in outputs. The purpose of this study, based on data envelopment analysis, is twofold. First, it aims to account for the importance of congestion in European seaports. Second, it intends to compare different alternatives to determine this kind of inefficiency. The results show considerable signs of congestion in some European seaports. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 517-539 Issue: 4 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640903175592 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640903175592 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:30:y:2009:i:4:p:517-539 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zheng Li Author-X-Name-First: Zheng Author-X-Name-Last: Li Author-Name: David A. Hensher Author-X-Name-First: David A. Author-X-Name-Last: Hensher Title: Toll Roads in Australia: An Overview of Characteristics and Accuracy of Demand Forecasts Abstract: Abstract A primary motivation of this paper is to draw together, in one source, information on the nature, extent and performance of Australia's evolving toll road network which is currently spread across many disparate published and unpublished sources. This paper provides key information (e.g. length, toll rates, year opened, operator(s) and payment alternatives) on all of the fully interoperable toll roads in Australia that are present in Sydney (e.g. the M2, M4, M5, etc.), Melbourne (CityLink and EastLink) and Brisbane (the Gateway Bridge, the Logan Motorway and the Gateway Extension). Where available, we compare and discuss actual traffic levels and forecasts, revealing the sizeable gap or ‘error’ in forecasts, especially during the first year of operation. Ordinary least squares regression and panel random effects regression models are developed to identify potential sources of explanation of differences in error forecasts between the Australian toll roads at various points post the opening date. A separate analysis of a sample of toll roads in the USA was also undertaken that supports the main findings from the Australian toll road network. Key influences on errors in forecasts are the capacity of a toll road, the elapsed time that the toll road has been in place, the specific period of time in which a tolled road is introduced into the network (which influences the complexity of route options including multiple tolled routes and hence toll saturation), the length of the tolled route, the presence of cash payment and the charging regime (i.e. fixed vs. distance‐based or variable user tolls). Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 541-569 Issue: 5 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640903211173 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640903211173 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:30:y:2009:i:5:p:541-569 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paul A. Barter Author-X-Name-First: Paul A. Author-X-Name-Last: Barter Title: Off‐Street Parking Policy without Parking Requirements: A Need for Market Fostering and Regulation Abstract: Abstract This paper addresses and extends upon the recent upsurge of interest in market‐oriented reform of parking policy, which has been reinvigorated by the work of Donald Shoup. His market‐oriented approach to parking policy is shown to be the more ambitious of two distinct challenges to the conventional supply‐focused approach. The other is ‘parking management’. However, off‐street parking markets and their post‐reform dynamics have been neglected so far in proposals to deregulate the quantity of off‐street parking. The paper highlights additional barriers to the emergence of off‐street parking markets and several likely problems within them. Rather than suggesting the rejection of market‐oriented parking policy, these findings are taken to imply a need for a more vigorous policy effort than has so far been called for. Achieving well‐functioning off‐street parking markets would require efforts both to actively foster such markets and to regulate to ensure their health. Deregulation would not be enough. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 571-588 Issue: 5 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640903216958 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640903216958 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:30:y:2009:i:5:p:571-588 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Y. Tong Author-X-Name-First: H. Y. Author-X-Name-Last: Tong Author-Name: W. T. Hung Author-X-Name-First: W. T. Author-X-Name-Last: Hung Title: A Framework for Developing Driving Cycles with On‐Road Driving Data Abstract: Abstract This paper attempts to propose a framework on driving cycle development based on a thorough review of 101 transient driving cycles. A comparison of the driving cycles highlighted that Asian driving is the slowest but most aggressive while European driving is the fastest and smoothest. Further review of the cycle development methodologies identified three major elements for developing a driving cycle; test route selection, data collection and cycle construction methods. A framework was eventually proposed based on these findings and recommendations from this review. First, traffic activity patterns and quantitative statistics should be considered in determining the test routes. Speed data can be collected by using chase car method, on‐board measurement techniques or their hybrid. As for the construction of driving cycle, the matching approach has been more commonly used. It is recommended that the tendency of zero change in acceleration, which has been commonly ignored in the literature, and the application of succession probability at second‐by‐second level should be further explored. A fifth mode, creeping, is also recommended for modal analysis for characterizing urban congested driving conditions. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 589-615 Issue: 5 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640903286134 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640903286134 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:30:y:2009:i:5:p:589-615 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Harald M. Hjelle Author-X-Name-First: Harald M. Author-X-Name-Last: Hjelle Title: Short Sea Shipping’s Green Label at Risk Abstract: Abstract Shifting cargo from land‐based modes to maritime transport has been a prioritized policy in many policy papers to make transport more environmental friendly. Traditional calculations of emissions per transport capacity unit have supported this. However, maritime transport may stand to loose its good environmental reputation in comparison to road transport due to (1) the sluggish processes in maritime environmental policies and the low ambition level of current regulations, (2) the much higher focus on improving the environmental efficiency of the road haulage industry, (3) the much longer economic life of vessels compared to trucks, and (4) focus on faster vessels that increase the average fuel consumption of the sea transport alternative. Through a realistic case study, the energy efficiency and emissions of alternative multimodal transport chains is presented to illustrate these points. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 617-640 Issue: 5 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640903289849 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640903289849 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:30:y:2009:i:5:p:617-640 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Deborah Salon Author-X-Name-First: Deborah Author-X-Name-Last: Salon Author-Name: Sumila Gulyani Author-X-Name-First: Sumila Author-X-Name-Last: Gulyani Title: Mobility, Poverty, and Gender: Travel ‘Choices’ of Slum Residents in Nairobi, Kenya Abstract: Abstract A survey of 4375 slum residents in Nairobi, Kenya, reveals that the majority cannot afford any of the motorized transport options in the city. They cope by limiting their travel outside their settlement and, if they do travel, by often ‘choosing’ to walk. As compared to the non‐poor, poor households are systematically worse off. But the burden of reduced mobility is borne disproportionately by women and children. Using joint‐choice modelling to empirically explore the travel ‘choices’ of Nairobi’s slum residents, we show that women, men, and children in this population face distinct barriers to access. We conclude that policy aiming to improve mobility and transport access for the poor needs to grapple not only with the crucial issue of affordability but also with specific constraints faced by women and children. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 641-657 Issue: 5 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640903298998 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640903298998 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:30:y:2009:i:5:p:641-657 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Metz Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Metz Title: Saturation of Demand for Daily Travel Abstract: Abstract Data from successive national travel surveys show that important characteristics of personal daily travel behaviour in Britain are comparatively stable. Over a 35‐year period, there has been little change in average travel time, journey frequency, purposes of journeys, and proportion of household income devoted to travel. The one factor that has changed significantly is distance travelled, as people have taken advantage of growing incomes to travel faster, thus gaining access to a greater choice of destinations. However, this growth in distance travelled has now ceased, an outcome which is helpful in relation to concerns about sustainability and the environmental impact of the transport system. The explanation proposed for this cessation of growth is that mobility‐based access and choice increase with the square of the speed of travel, whereas the value of additional choice is characterized by diminishing marginal utility. Hence, a saturation of the demand for daily travel is to be expected, a novel conclusion. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 659-674 Issue: 5 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640903556361 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640903556361 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:30:y:2009:i:5:p:659-674 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Karen Anderton Author-X-Name-First: Karen Author-X-Name-Last: Anderton Title: Two Billion Cars: Driving Towards Sustainability Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 675-676 Issue: 5 Volume: 30 Year: 2010 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640903187092 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640903187092 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:30:y:2010:i:5:p:675-676 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christopher K. Strong Author-X-Name-First: Christopher K. Author-X-Name-Last: Strong Author-Name: Zhirui Ye Author-X-Name-First: Zhirui Author-X-Name-Last: Ye Author-Name: Xianming Shi Author-X-Name-First: Xianming Author-X-Name-Last: Shi Title: Safety Effects of Winter Weather: The State of Knowledge and Remaining Challenges Abstract: Abstract In recent years, there has been growing recognition of the effects of weather on the surface transportation system. Although considerable work has been done in quantifying the effects of weather on the highway system, there is still much that remains unknown about the relationship between weather and highway system performance. This paper synthesizes the findings from some of the major efforts in this area. The review of existing studies found consistent patterns that adverse weather reduces traffic speed and increases crash frequencies, while fatal crashes are decreased. A table is then presented which estimates the change in crash frequency and vehicle travel speed resulting from various winter weather conditions, based on a synthesis of earlier work. To estimate the safety and speed adjustment factors of compacted snow, a severity index is also developed. Recognizing the lack of comparability between the results of the studies, the paper concludes with a detailed discussion of avenues for future research which could help to address some of the gaps which currently exist. These challenges include, but are no limited to: quantification of the dynamic layer, development of the relationship between pavement friction and the composition of the dynamic layer, evaluation of the effects of pavement friction on vehicle speed, and evaluation of safety effects of weather conditions above the pavement. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 677-699 Issue: 6 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640903414470 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640903414470 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:30:y:2009:i:6:p:677-699 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jinan Piao Author-X-Name-First: Jinan Author-X-Name-Last: Piao Author-Name: Mark Beecroft Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Beecroft Author-Name: Mike McDonald Author-X-Name-First: Mike Author-X-Name-Last: McDonald Title: Vehicle Positioning for Improving Road Safety Abstract: Abstract Vehicle positioning is a key requirement for many safety applications. Active safety systems require precise vehicle positioning in order to assess the safety threats accurately, especially for those systems which are developed for warning/intervention in safety critical situations. When warning drivers of a local hazard (e.g. an accident site), accurate vehicle location information is important for warning the right driver groups at the right time. Global positioning system and digital maps have become major tools for vehicle positioning providing not only vehicle location information but also geometry preview of the road being used. Advances in wireless communication have made it possible for a vehicle to share its location information with other vehicles and traffic operation centres which greatly increases the opportunities to apply vehicle positioning technologies for improving road safety. This paper presents a state‐of‐the‐art review of vehicle positioning requirements for safety applications and vehicle positioning technologies. The paper also examines key issues relating to current and potential future applications of vehicle positioning technologies for improving road safety. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 701-715 Issue: 6 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640903441531 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640903441531 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:30:y:2009:i:6:p:701-715 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hsing‐Chung Chu Author-X-Name-First: Hsing‐Chung Author-X-Name-Last: Chu Author-Name: Michael D. Meyer Author-X-Name-First: Michael D. Author-X-Name-Last: Meyer Title: Methodology for Assessing Safety Benefits of Truck Diversion from Truck‐Only Toll Lanes to Arterials Abstract: Abstract This paper reports on a crash prediction model that was used to estimate the change in truck‐related crashes on parallel arterials caused by the diversion of truck trips from prospective truck‐only toll (TOT) lanes in the Atlanta freeway network. A negative binomial regression was used to model truck crash prediction on arterial roads. Three variables, vehicle‐kilometres travelled, truck percent‐kilometres per lane, and the volume‐to‐capacity ratio, are shown to have significant influence on truck‐related crashes. Two toll policies of mandatory and voluntary use of TOT lanes were examined to determine their effects on truck‐related crashes on parallel arterials. It was estimated that an average of 8% and 6% reduction in truck crash frequency, respectively, would occur. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 717-731 Issue: 6 Volume: 30 Year: 2009 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640903522280 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640903522280 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:30:y:2009:i:6:p:717-731 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Claus Lassen Author-X-Name-First: Claus Author-X-Name-Last: Lassen Title: Environmentalist in Business Class: An Analysis of Air Travel and Environmental Attitude Abstract: Abstract The strong growth in air travel raises the question of environmental awareness among air travellers. This article focuses on the exclusion of serious environmental problems of international air travel from the air travellers’ environmental consciousness. It approaches this question, in particular, by exploring international work‐related air travel in two Danish knowledge organizations. The article identifies that the knowledge workers, in general, consider themselves as environmentally aware. However, there is no connection between their environmental attitude and their actual travel behaviour. The article shows that a number of other rationalities seem to affect the travel behaviour more strongly than environmental attitude. Subsequently by reviewing other studies, the article describes how the exclusion of air travel from the environmental consciousness is not only the case among knowledge workers but also seems to be a general problem in relation to flying in modern societies. In the discussion and conclusion, the article therefore focuses on the possibility of creating a stronger link between air travel behaviour and environmental attitude. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 733-751 Issue: 6 Volume: 30 Year: 2010 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441641003736556 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441641003736556 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:30:y:2010:i:6:p:733-751 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yulin Liu Author-X-Name-First: Yulin Author-X-Name-Last: Liu Author-Name: Jonathan Bunker Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan Author-X-Name-Last: Bunker Author-Name: Luis Ferreira Author-X-Name-First: Luis Author-X-Name-Last: Ferreira Title: Transit Users’ Route‐Choice Modelling in Transit Assignment: A Review Abstract: Abstract This paper reviews the main studies on transit users’ route choice in the context of transit assignment. The studies are categorized into three groups: static transit assignment, within‐day dynamic transit assignment, and emerging approaches. The motivations and behavioural assumptions of these approaches are re‐examined. The first group includes shortest‐path heuristics in all‐or‐nothing assignment, random utility maximization route‐choice models in stochastic assignment, and user equilibrium based assignment. The second group covers within‐day dynamics in transit users’ route choice, transit network formulations, and dynamic transit assignment. The third group introduces the emerging studies on behavioural complexities, day‐to‐day dynamics, and real‐time dynamics in transit users’ route choice. Future research directions are also discussed. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 753-769 Issue: 6 Volume: 30 Year: 2010 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441641003744261 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441641003744261 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:30:y:2010:i:6:p:753-769 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Evert Jan van de Kaa Author-X-Name-First: Evert Jan Author-X-Name-Last: van de Kaa Title: Applicability of an Extended Prospect Theory to Travel Behaviour Research: A Meta‐Analysis Abstract: Abstract In transport research, choice behaviour is commonly investigated by using discrete choice models that comply with the utility theory (UT) paradigm. The objective of this article is to assess the extent to which the assumptions of an extended version of prospect theory (PT) allow for a better description of travellers’ choice behaviour than UT. To that aim the travel behaviour literature was reviewed for information about observed choice behaviour suitable for such a comparison. The review yielded 106 studies that covered almost the whole range of domains and contexts of travel behaviour. Compared to the corresponding assumptions of UT, a meta‐analysis showed a better descriptive performance of reference‐dependent framing connected with loss‐aversive valuation, and of interpersonal heterogeneity in choice behaviour strategies. Diminishing sensitivity approached the observed behaviour better than the sign‐independent utility function of UT in several studies where a comparison was feasible. In choice under risk or uncertainty, the non‐linear weighting of probabilities in connection with loss aversion appeared to offer a better description than expected UT. It is concluded that the joint application of the assumptions of an extended PT might provide a better understanding of human choice behaviour over the whole range of travel‐related contexts. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 771-804 Issue: 6 Volume: 30 Year: 2010 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2010.486907 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2010.486907 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:30:y:2010:i:6:p:771-804 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter White Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: White Title: Public Transport and its Users: The Passenger’s Perspective in Planning and Customer Care Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 805-806 Issue: 6 Volume: 30 Year: 2010 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640903299103 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640903299103 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:30:y:2010:i:6:p:805-806 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yael Parag Author-X-Name-First: Yael Author-X-Name-Last: Parag Title: Plug‐In Electric Vehicles: What Role for Washington? Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 806-808 Issue: 6 Volume: 30 Year: 2010 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441641003590359 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441641003590359 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:30:y:2010:i:6:p:806-808 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luis Ignacio Rizzi Author-X-Name-First: Luis Ignacio Author-X-Name-Last: Rizzi Author-Name: Sebastián Cumsille Author-X-Name-First: Sebastián Author-X-Name-Last: Cumsille Author-Name: Francisco Fresard Author-X-Name-First: Francisco Author-X-Name-Last: Fresard Author-Name: Pedro Gazmuri Author-X-Name-First: Pedro Author-X-Name-Last: Gazmuri Author-Name: Juan Carlos Muñoz Author-X-Name-First: Juan Carlos Author-X-Name-Last: Muñoz Title: Cost‐Effective Measures for Reducing Road Fatalities in the Short Term Abstract: Abstract When traffic safety statistics in less developed countries (even those where enormous progress has been made in the last years) are compared with those of more advanced countries, it is evident that there is still a great deal to be done. Using Chile as a case study, we propose a set of measures to significantly reduce fatalities in the short term. A simple methodology is proposed to guide the process of selecting the most promising measures, taking into account their cost‐effectiveness. Eight such measures are identified and their potential benefits and costs of implementation are estimated for our case study. Special care is taken in choosing measures aimed at protecting vulnerable road users who represent around 50% of road fatalities in Chile. The plan we propose has the potential to reduce 460 fatalities per year (i.e. 21%), as a conservative estimate. A discussion on the transferability of these results to other developing nations is offered. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 1-24 Issue: 1 Volume: 31 Year: 2010 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441641003736572 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441641003736572 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:31:y:2010:i:1:p:1-24 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tijs Neutens Author-X-Name-First: Tijs Author-X-Name-Last: Neutens Author-Name: Tim Schwanen Author-X-Name-First: Tim Author-X-Name-Last: Schwanen Author-Name: Frank Witlox Author-X-Name-First: Frank Author-X-Name-Last: Witlox Title: The Prism of Everyday Life: Towards a New Research Agenda for Time Geography Abstract: Abstract In light of the renewed attention for time geography in the transport modelling field in recent years, this paper provides a timely state‐of‐the‐art review of the contributions of the time‐geographic approach to the closely related research areas of transport planning and accessibility analysis. Specific attention will be devoted to the ways in which recent advances in time geography have deepened the understanding of human activities and travel possibilities in space and time. From this literature review, a detailed research agenda is derived and the latest research attempts to deal with lingering time‐geographic issues are discussed. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 25-47 Issue: 1 Volume: 31 Year: 2010 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2010.484153 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2010.484153 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:31:y:2010:i:1:p:25-47 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marta Sánchez‐Borràs Author-X-Name-First: Marta Author-X-Name-Last: Sánchez‐Borràs Author-Name: Andrés López‐Pita Author-X-Name-First: Andrés Author-X-Name-Last: López‐Pita Title: Rail Infrastructure Charging Systems for High‐Speed Lines in Europe Abstract: Abstract In the European railway framework, the expenses of rail infrastructure costs are partly covered by the governments and partly by the infrastructure managers through the infrastructure charges that operators pay to them for rendering services in the infrastructure they manage. However, the extent to which infrastructure charges cover infrastructure costs is higher for high‐speed lines (HSLs) than for conventional lines. This communication characterizes the infrastructure charging systems for HSLs implemented in Europe and analyses the level of charges applied to these lines with the aim of quantifying and analysing the mark‐ups above marginal cost that are being charged to high‐speed services running in the European HSLs. The survey covers France, Spain, Germany, Italy and Belgium. Neither The Netherlands nor the UK are covered: the former does not commercially exploit HSLs yet, whereas the latter renders passenger transport services by means of franchised passenger train operators. The results obtained show that, despite the great differences between charging systems for HSLs, important mark‐ups above marginal costs are applied by all the systems analysed and that common features between them can be established. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 49-68 Issue: 1 Volume: 31 Year: 2010 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2010.489340 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2010.489340 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:31:y:2010:i:1:p:49-68 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Taotao Deng Author-X-Name-First: Taotao Author-X-Name-Last: Deng Author-Name: John D. Nelson Author-X-Name-First: John D. Author-X-Name-Last: Nelson Title: Recent Developments in Bus Rapid Transit: A Review of the Literature Abstract: Abstract Bus rapid transit (BRT), characterized by modern vehicles, dedicated busway and applications of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) technologies, is increasingly considered as a cost‐effective approach of providing a high‐quality transport service. Many cities across the world have recently launched ambitious programmes of BRT system implementation with varying success. This paper intends to provide an overview of the recent developments of BRT across the globe, and discusses the current issues and debates relating to the land development impact of BRT. It considers in turn the impact of BRT examining technical performance, cost issues and land development impact. The paper concludes that appropriately designed and operated BRT systems offer an innovative approach to providing a high‐quality transport service, comparable to a rail service but at a relatively low cost and short implementation time. In common with other forms of mass transit, a full‐featured BRT has the potential to offer significant effects on land development; the literature review also indicates that more work is needed to investigate this. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 69-96 Issue: 1 Volume: 31 Year: 2010 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2010.492455 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2010.492455 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:31:y:2010:i:1:p:69-96 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zheng Li Author-X-Name-First: Zheng Author-X-Name-Last: Li Author-Name: David Hensher Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Hensher Title: Prospect Theoretic Contributions in Understanding Traveller Behaviour: A Review and Some Comments Abstract: Abstract Over the last 15 years we have seen a small but growing interest in Prospect Theory (PT) as an alternative behavioural paradigm within which to represent traveller behaviour. Some elements of PT such as gains and losses have become so popular in travel choice studies that authors increasingly indicate that they are applying PT. In its strictest interpretation, PT has a number of essential elements that must be included if the link with PT can be claimed. This paper reviews recent transportation studies which report an association with PT as a way of gaining a greater appreciation of what is and what is not an application of PT. We set the scene by providing an overview of PT using studies in the fields of psychology and behavioural economics, where PT was originally established and further developed, and then identify travel behaviour studies which satisfy the PT (Original or Cumulative PT) conditions. A number of specific issues are identified to highlight the connection to PT, including empirically estimated prospect theoretic parameters and referencing. Some behavioural limitations of the reviewed transport PT studies are also presented, including the absence of willingness to pay estimates and consideration of unobserved between‐individual heterogeneity. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 97-115 Issue: 1 Volume: 31 Year: 2010 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2010.498589 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2010.498589 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:31:y:2010:i:1:p:97-115 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eda Beyazit Author-X-Name-First: Eda Author-X-Name-Last: Beyazit Title: Evaluating Social Justice in Transport: Lessons to be Learned from the Capability Approach Abstract: Abstract Recent theoretical and empirical studies show that there is a growing interest in considering wider social and economic impacts of transport. Since transport has an important role in distributing socio‐economic benefits or losses created by different means or by transport itself, it has a crucial role in the discussion of social justice. This importance occurs from transport’s different effects depending on the levels or the types of equity in the distribution: transport can help develop socially just societies or cause disparities between different or within same geographies. Therefore, for the system to be efficient, the distribution needs to be socially just. This paper provides a synthesis of social justice and transport literature in terms of equal rights and shares, freedom, capabilities, opportunities and choices by making use of contemporary approaches in the social justice theory and considering the varieties in different geographies, individuals and markets. Using the Capability Approach (CA), this paper first highlights the areas which need to be discussed in transport studies in terms of social justice, and second suggests a methodology which considers social justice norms in transport research by engaging the CA with existing methods. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 117-134 Issue: 1 Volume: 31 Year: 2010 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2010.504900 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2010.504900 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:31:y:2010:i:1:p:117-134 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lynn Minnaert Author-X-Name-First: Lynn Author-X-Name-Last: Minnaert Title: International Business Travel in the Global Economy Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 135-136 Issue: 1 Volume: 31 Year: 2011 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2010.498590 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2010.498590 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:31:y:2011:i:1:p:135-136 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paul Cullen Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Cullen Title: Taxi! Urban Economies and the Social and Transport Impacts of the Taxicab Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 136-137 Issue: 1 Volume: 31 Year: 2011 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2010.498591 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2010.498591 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:31:y:2011:i:1:p:136-137 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Banister Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Banister Title: Transport and economic development: reviewing the evidence Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 1-2 Issue: 1 Volume: 32 Year: 2012 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2011.603283 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2011.603283 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:32:y:2012:i:1:p:1-2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nannan Yu Author-X-Name-First: Nannan Author-X-Name-Last: Yu Author-Name: Martin De Jong Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: De Jong Author-Name: Servaas Storm Author-X-Name-First: Servaas Author-X-Name-Last: Storm Author-Name: Jianing Mi Author-X-Name-First: Jianing Author-X-Name-Last: Mi Title: Transport Infrastructure, Spatial Clusters and Regional Economic Growth in China Abstract: China's transport infrastructure distribution and its economic activities have largely the same pattern of spatial clusters. This paper aims to determine whether causal linkages exist between transport infrastructure investment and economic growth in China at national and regional levels. We examine causality in a panel cointegration and a Granger causality framework using time series data throughout the 1978--2008 period. The empirical findings show that in the long run, at the national level, there is unidirectional Granger causality from economic growth to transport infrastructure; at the regional level, there exists bidirectional causality in the affluent eastern region while the low-income central and western regions exhibit unidirectional Granger causality from economic growth to transport infrastructure. These results imply that an improvement in transport infrastructure alone is not sufficient for stimulating economic growth in the underdeveloped areas of China. To better realize the economic benefits brought by transport infrastructure, the Chinese government should pay serious attention to the development of complementary factors in the central and western provinces. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 3-28 Issue: 1 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2011.603104 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2011.603104 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:32:y:2011:i:1:p:3-28 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jonas Eliasson Author-X-Name-First: Jonas Author-X-Name-Last: Eliasson Author-Name: Mattias Lundberg Author-X-Name-First: Mattias Author-X-Name-Last: Lundberg Title: Do Cost--Benefit Analyses Influence Transport Investment Decisions? Experiences from the Swedish Transport Investment Plan 2010--21 Abstract: Cost--benefit analysis (CBA) for transport investments is particularly useful for situations where a large number of investments have to be ranked against each other. This study draws on experiences from the development of the Swedish National Transport Investment Plan 2010--21. We study how CBA results were used in the process of shaping the investment plan and what influence they had on investment decisions. In particular, we compare the planners' rankings versus the politicians' rankings. We find that planners' rankings of investments are influenced by benefit--cost ratios (BCRs), in particular for low and moderate BCRs, while the politicians' rankings are not. By interviewing planners about how CBA was used in the process, we clarify what role CBA actually played in the planning process. We find that not only did the CBAs play a role in investment selection, they also forced investment design to be more cost-efficient. Furthermore, we explore planners' implicit valuations, as revealed by their investment selection, finding that freight benefits were implicitly valued higher and traffic safety lower than the officially recommended CBA weights. Finally, we identify the most important areas for improvement of CBA state-of-practice methodology. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 29-48 Issue: 1 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2011.582541 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2011.582541 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:32:y:2011:i:1:p:29-48 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Malachy Carey Author-X-Name-First: Malachy Author-X-Name-Last: Carey Author-Name: Michael Bowers Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Bowers Title: A Review of Properties of Flow--Density Functions Abstract: Flow--density functions are often described as the fundamental relationship of traffic theory and are the basis of kinematic wave models or hydrodynamic models which are used to describe, predict or analyse traffic behaviour. We set out several different properties that it is generally agreed that flow--density functions should satisfy. We then take the many forms of flow--density functions that have been proposed or used over the past several decades, derive the properties of each one and consider whether, or to what extent, they satisfy each of the desirable properties. We find that few, if any, flow--density functions satisfy all of the desirable properties. The main reasons for this are that, in almost all cases, there are not enough independent parameters in the flow--density functions to capture all of the desirable properties and that, in almost all cases, the flow--density functions are specified as a single analytic function rather than a different function for each range of traffic behaviours, such as free-flow, congested and heavily congested traffic. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 49-73 Issue: 1 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2011.608135 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2011.608135 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:32:y:2011:i:1:p:49-73 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Caspar Chorus Author-X-Name-First: Caspar Author-X-Name-Last: Chorus Title: Random Regret Minimization: An Overview of Model Properties and Empirical Evidence Abstract: This paper presents an overview of model properties and empirical evidence related to the recently introduced discrete choice paradigm of random regret minimization (RRM). The RRM approach to discrete choice modelling provides an alternative to the conventional, linear-additive random utility maximization (RUM)-based approach which has dominated the field since its inception. Section of Transport and Logistics RRM models postulate that when choosing, decision-makers are concerned with avoiding the situation where one or more non-chosen alternatives perform better than a chosen one in terms of one or more attributes. From this central behavioural premise, semi-compensatory decision-making and choice set composition effects like the compromise effect emerge as RRM model features. Being as parsimonious as RUM's linear-additive multinomial logit model, RRM features logit choice probabilities and is easily estimable using conventional discrete choice software packages. This paper ties together the main insights and results from a number of recent studies that have explored RRM's model properties and empirically tested RRM-based models Delft University of Technology, based on a range of revealed and stated choice data sets. As such, the paper allows for an early assessment of RRM's potential and its limitations as a model of discrete (travel) choice behaviour. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 75-92 Issue: 1 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2011.609947 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2011.609947 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:32:y:2011:i:1:p:75-92 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nelson D. Chan Author-X-Name-First: Nelson D. Author-X-Name-Last: Chan Author-Name: Susan A. Shaheen Author-X-Name-First: Susan A. Author-X-Name-Last: Shaheen Title: Ridesharing in North America: Past, Present, and Future Abstract: Since the late 1990s, numerous ridematching programmes have integrated the Internet, mobile phones, and social networking into their services. Online ridematching systems are employing a range of new strategies to create “critical mass”: (1) regional and large employer partnerships, (2) financial incentives, (3) social networking to younger populations, and (4) real-time ridematching services that employ “smartphones” and automated ridematching software. Enhanced casual carpooling approaches, which focus on “meeting places”, are also being explored. Today, ridesharing represents approximately 8--11% of the transportation modal share in Canada and the USA, respectively. There are approximately 638 ridematching programmes in North America. Ridesharing's evolution can be categorized into five phases: (1) World War II car-sharing (or carpooling) clubs; (2) major responses to the 1970s energy crises; (3) early organized ridesharing schemes; (4) reliable ridesharing systems; and (5) technology-enabled ridematching. While ridesharing's future growth and direction are uncertain, the next decade is likely to include greater interoperability among services, technology integration, and stronger policy support. In light of growing concerns about climate change, congestion, and oil dependency, more research is needed to better understand ridesharing's impacts on infrastructure, congestion, and energy/emissions. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 93-112 Issue: 1 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2011.621557 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2011.621557 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:32:y:2011:i:1:p:93-112 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Graham Currie Author-X-Name-First: Graham Author-X-Name-Last: Currie Author-Name: Amer Shalaby Author-X-Name-First: Amer Author-X-Name-Last: Shalaby Title: Synthesis of Transport Planning Approaches for the World's Largest Events Abstract: This paper explores transport planning approaches adopted for the Summer Olympic Games (SOG) and identifies lessons learned for planning of the world's largest regular special event; the Hajj/Umrah Pilgrimage in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. The Hajj/Umrah Pilgrimage has been held annually for many centuries. Major growth has occurred in recent decades with some 6 million visitors p.a. including 3 million during the week of the Hajj event and 1 million during Ramadan. These events now represent the largest regular special event in history and are expected to grow substantially into the future. SOG is probably the second largest regularly held major event, held over 2 weeks in major host cities every 4 years. Olympic host cities commonly already exhibit congested transport networks but must cope with over 40 000 Olympic officials and athletes in addition up to 8 million ticketed spectators. Olympic transport planning is a critical factor in games performance. This paper describes the context for each event and the nature of transport demand and supply and outlines the transport planning approaches used. A major aim is to synthesize lessons learned between events and to illustrate the performance of alternative strategies. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 113-136 Issue: 1 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2011.601352 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2011.601352 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:32:y:2011:i:1:p:113-136 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tim Ryley Author-X-Name-First: Tim Author-X-Name-Last: Ryley Title: Aviation and Climate Change. Lessons for European Policy Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 137-138 Issue: 1 Volume: 32 Year: 2012 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2011.582542 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2011.582542 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:32:y:2012:i:1:p:137-138 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tor-Olav Nævestad Author-X-Name-First: Tor-Olav Author-X-Name-Last: Nævestad Author-Name: Torkel Bjørnskau Author-X-Name-First: Torkel Author-X-Name-Last: Bjørnskau Title: How Can the Safety Culture Perspective be Applied to Road Traffic? Abstract: Recent research suggests that the concept of safety culture, specified as traffic safety culture, may have great potential for improving traffic safety. However, as the safety culture concept has been traditionally applied to an organization and its members, the main aim of this paper is to examine how the concept can be applied to road traffic. This is largely a question of which analytical unit the traffic safety culture concept could be applied to. This paper examines three alternatives: (1) local communities, (2) nations, and (3) peer groups. These alternatives are evaluated against four criteria: (A) Is it well defined? (B) Can it be used to explain traffic safety behaviour? (C) Is it possible to influence? (D) Does it provide new insights into traffic safety problems? This paper concludes that while the local community alternative and national alternative appear too heterogeneous, the peer group alternative provides what seems to be a new and promising basis for targeted traffic safety interventions. The discussion indicates, however, issues that need to be examined in further research. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 139-154 Issue: 2 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2011.628131 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2011.628131 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:32:y:2011:i:2:p:139-154 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sofia Molander Author-X-Name-First: Sofia Author-X-Name-Last: Molander Author-Name: Markus Fellesson Author-X-Name-First: Markus Author-X-Name-Last: Fellesson Author-Name: Margareta Friman Author-X-Name-First: Margareta Author-X-Name-Last: Friman Author-Name: Per Skålén Author-X-Name-First: Per Author-X-Name-Last: Skålén Title: Market Orientation in Public Transport Research—A Review Abstract: It is commonly argued that, in order to meet increasing competition, public transport organizations and systems need to be market oriented. Even though the notion of market orientationhas not been explicitly addressed in public transport research, studies relevant to market orientation have been conducted. The aim of this paper is to introduce the concept of market orientation into the field of public transport, to review previous research into market orientation in public transport research, and to suggest directions for future research. Market orientation is defined as the generation and dissemination of market intelligence by organizations, as well as responses to it. The review suggests that previous academic research has focused on intelligence generation by developing and using models for measuring travel behaviour, stated preferences, perceived customer quality, and satisfaction. Studies of responsiveness have mainly addressed the physical improvements made in public transport organizations, which is also the primary concern of the industry research accounted for. There has been less research into the dissemination of market intelligence, the drivers of market orientation, the relations between the elements, and the overall concept of market orientation in public transport. It is thus concluded that future public transport research needs to address these issues. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 155-180 Issue: 2 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2011.633248 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2011.633248 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:32:y:2011:i:2:p:155-180 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alejandro Tirachini Author-X-Name-First: Alejandro Author-X-Name-Last: Tirachini Author-Name: David A. Hensher Author-X-Name-First: David A. Author-X-Name-Last: Hensher Title: Multimodal Transport Pricing: First Best, Second Best and Extensions to Non-motorized Transport Abstract: In this paper, we examine the main concepts of transport pricing in an urban environment, focusing on the automobile, public transport and walking or cycling as travel alternatives. A review of the literature on the first-best and second-best pricing policies is provided, with an emphasis on public transport pricing, including the setting of frequency and vehicle capacity, the influence of bus congestion externalities and the interactions between transport pricing reforms and the broader tax system. A model is developed to analyse the impact of non-motorized transport on optimal public transport pricing policy, congestion interactions between cars and buses associated with the transfer of passengers at bus stops and the existence of a capacity constraint within the public transport mode. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 181-202 Issue: 2 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2011.635318 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2011.635318 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:32:y:2011:i:2:p:181-202 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lóránt A. Tavasszy Author-X-Name-First: Lóránt A. Author-X-Name-Last: Tavasszy Author-Name: Kees Ruijgrok Author-X-Name-First: Kees Author-X-Name-Last: Ruijgrok Author-Name: Igor Davydenko Author-X-Name-First: Igor Author-X-Name-Last: Davydenko Title: Incorporating Logistics in Freight Transport Demand Models: State-of-the-Art and Research Opportunities Abstract: Freight transport demand is a demand derived from all the activities needed to move goods between locations of production to locations of consumption, including trade, logistics and transportation. A good representation of logistics in freight transport demand models allows us to predict the effects of changes in logistics systems on future transport flows. As such it provides better estimations of the costs of interaction and allows to predict changes in spatial patterns of freight transport flows more accurately. In recent years, the attention for freight modelling has been growing and new research work has appeared aimed at incorporating logistics in freight models. In this paper we review the state of the art in the representation of logistics considerations in freight transport demand models. Our focus is on the service and cost drivers of changes in logistics networks and how these affect freight transport. Our review proceeds along a conceptual framework for modelling that goes beyond the conventional 4-step modelling approach. We identify promising areas for freight modelling that have an integrative function within this framework, such as spatial computable general equilibrium models, supply chain choice models and hypernetwork models. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 203-219 Issue: 2 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2011.644640 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2011.644640 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:32:y:2011:i:2:p:203-219 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zheng Li Author-X-Name-First: Zheng Author-X-Name-Last: Li Author-Name: David Hensher Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Hensher Title: Accommodating Risk Attitudes in Freight Transport Behaviour Research Abstract: Behavioural choice modelling is growing in interest as a framework to understand the decision-making of shippers, freight forwarders and other freight agents. Since the 1980s, we have witnessed an increasing number of freight behaviour studies, primarily the freight mode choice, where the roles of one or more freight decision-makers has been addressed, which was neglected in the traditional aggregate approach to freight demand modelling. Stated preference techniques have become a main approach to establishing the role of attributes that define the key drivers in the freight distribution chain. The underlying theory of choice is based on the neoclassical economic assumption that a decision-maker, in choosing, acts as if they are a utility maximizer (working to deliver a profit maximization or cost minimization outcome for the freight business), and this utility maximizing behaviour engenders a population theory of Random Utility Maximization (RUM). Despite the continuing appeal of the RUM framework in applied travel choice studies, a number of specific application assumptions have been questioned by studies in psychology and behavioural economics, arguing that the decisions made by agents are often conditioned on a number of underlying psychological components, one of which is risk attitude. This paper reviews recent freight behaviour studies established on RUM, and presents a major limitation of adopting a risk-neutral assumption through its linear utility specification. Using an existing freight stated choice data set, a nonlinear utility model is estimated which reveals risk-taking attitudes of transporters and shippers. An alternative behavioural paradigm, Rank-Dependent Utility Theory (RDUT), is introduced and incorporated to better accommodate trip time variability, a feature of growing importance in transport systems (passenger and freight). The proposed attribute-specific extended RDUT framework that accommodates the attitude towards risk and preference in freight transport behaviour modelling requires new data, which we detail. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 221-239 Issue: 2 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2011.645906 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2011.645906 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:32:y:2011:i:2:p:221-239 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Young-Tae Chang Author-X-Name-First: Young-Tae Author-X-Name-Last: Chang Author-Name: Jose Tongzon Author-X-Name-First: Jose Author-X-Name-Last: Tongzon Author-Name: Meifeng Luo Author-X-Name-First: Meifeng Author-X-Name-Last: Luo Author-Name: Paul Tae-Woo Lee Author-X-Name-First: Paul Tae-Woo Author-X-Name-Last: Lee Title: Estimation of Optimal Handling Capacity of a Container Port: An Economic Approach Abstract: Port planners have to make decisions on optimal berth capacity for container port development. The main purpose of this paper is twofold. One is to review the current practices adopted by selected major ports in Asia in estimating berth and port capacities in their planning decisions. The other is to suggest a new approach to estimate the optimal capacity of a berth/port from the perspective of a national economy and to show how the traditional approach can integrate economic factors. Findings suggest that port planners should look into incurring costs of not only the construction, but also the opportunity costs of ships and cargo when deciding to use port facilities to full capacity. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 241-258 Issue: 2 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2011.644346 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2011.644346 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:32:y:2011:i:2:p:241-258 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Banister Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Banister Title: Book Review: Urban Transport in the Developing World: A Handbook of Policy and Practice Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 259-260 Issue: 2 Volume: 32 Year: 2012 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2011.606480 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2011.606480 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:32:y:2012:i:2:p:259-260 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sigal Kaplan Author-X-Name-First: Sigal Author-X-Name-Last: Kaplan Title: Book Review: Auto-Motives: Understanding Car Use Behaviours Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 260-261 Issue: 2 Volume: 32 Year: 2012 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2011.611953 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2011.611953 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:32:y:2012:i:2:p:260-261 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paul Chiambaretto Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Chiambaretto Title: Book Review: Airline Marketing and Management Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 261-262 Issue: 2 Volume: 32 Year: 2012 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2011.623194 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2011.623194 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:32:y:2012:i:2:p:261-262 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mark J. Koetse Author-X-Name-First: Mark J. Author-X-Name-Last: Koetse Author-Name: Piet Rietveld Author-X-Name-First: Piet Author-X-Name-Last: Rietveld Title: Adaptation to Climate Change in the Transport Sector Abstract: In this study, we review the literature on climate change adaptation measures in the transport sector. Many of the measures proposed are rather conceptual and far from concrete, probably due to the fact that climate change effects on transport are either unknown or highly uncertain. Given the limited information on the potential magnitude of climate damages and the various uncertainties involved, postponement of adaptation investments may well be the most sensible strategy at the moment, especially when investments are substantial and irreversible. Furthermore, monitoring of relevant climatic changes and ongoing research into climate change effects are important elements of a pro-active adaptation strategy. Irreversible decisions, such as the ones on spatial organization, likely require a more active strategy, e.g. in the form of making spatial reservations. We further discuss the interdependency between optimal mitigation and adaptation, an issue that is often overlooked in the literature. Finally, most operators and governmental bodies are not used to dealing with risk and uncertainty, and generally base their decisions on single risk values only, likely leading to under- or overinvestment. We discuss several relevant topics in this area and highlight methods that can be used to better deal with these issues. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 267-286 Issue: 3 Volume: 32 Year: 2012 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2012.657716 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2012.657716 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:32:y:2012:i:3:p:267-286 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Julian Allen Author-X-Name-First: Julian Author-X-Name-Last: Allen Author-Name: Michael Browne Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Browne Author-Name: Tom Cherrett Author-X-Name-First: Tom Author-X-Name-Last: Cherrett Title: Survey Techniques in Urban Freight Transport Studies Abstract: This article reviews and assesses the various survey techniques that have been used in studies in which data have been collected to obtain an understanding of road-based urban freight transport activities. The review identified 162 such studies in 18 countries over the last 50 years, and 12 different types of urban survey technique. In the studies reviewed, establishment surveys have been the most commonly used technique, followed by freight operator surveys, vehicle observation surveys, driver surveys, roadside interview surveys, and vehicle trip diaries. Few examples of other survey techniques (commodity flow, parking, global positioning system, supplier and service provider surveys) were identified. Establishment and vehicle observation surveys have the potential to offer insight into a wider range of issues associated with urban freight deliveries and collections to and from establishments in a specific urban area than the other survey techniques reviewed. These two survey techniques can provide insight into the frequency of goods vehicles deliveries and collections by time of day and day of week, the activities involved in the loading/unloading process, and the freight requirements of individual establishments. However, all 12 survey techniques provide insight into varying aspects of urban freight operations and various combinations are therefore likely to be used in future studies. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 287-311 Issue: 3 Volume: 32 Year: 2012 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2012.665949 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2012.665949 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:32:y:2012:i:3:p:287-311 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Waiyan Leong Author-X-Name-First: Waiyan Author-X-Name-Last: Leong Author-Name: David Alan Hensher Author-X-Name-First: David Alan Author-X-Name-Last: Hensher Title: Embedding Decision Heuristics in Discrete Choice Models: A Review Abstract: Contrary to the usual assumption of fixed, well-defined preferences, it is increasingly evident that individuals are likely to approach a choice task using rules and decision heuristics that are dependent on the choice environment. More specifically, heuristics that are defined by the local choice context, such as the gains or losses of an attribute value relative to the other attributes, seem to be consistently employed. Recent empirical findings also demonstrate that previous choices and previously encountered choice tasks shown to respondents can affect the current choice outcome, indicating a form of inter-dependence across choice sets. This paper is primarily focused on reviewing how heuristics have been modelled in stated choice data. The paper begins with a review of the heuristics that may be relevant for coping with choice task complexity and then proceeds to discuss some modelling approaches. Next, relational heuristics, such as prospect theory, random regret minimization and extremeness aversion (compromise effect) are discussed. These are heuristics which operate within the local choice set. Another major class of heuristics reviewed in this paper pertains to ordering effects and more generally on past outcomes and past attribute levels of the alternatives. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 313-331 Issue: 3 Volume: 32 Year: 2012 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2012.671195 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2012.671195 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:32:y:2012:i:3:p:313-331 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maria Rosa Pires Da Cruz Author-X-Name-First: Maria Rosa Pires Author-X-Name-Last: Da Cruz Author-Name: João J. Ferreira Author-X-Name-First: João J. Author-X-Name-Last: Ferreira Author-Name: Susana Garrido Azevedo Author-X-Name-First: Susana Garrido Author-X-Name-Last: Azevedo Title: A Strategic Diagnostic Tool Applied to Iberian Seaports: An Evolutionary Perspective Abstract: The highly competitive and rapidly changing environment faced by businesses has greatly increased the need for strategic planning. The importance of formulating strategies to reach competitive advantages with implications in the performance is becoming increasingly evident in the seaport context. Thus, it is relevant and appropriate to apply strategic positioning tools to seaports given the role of competitive strategies in the growth and development of this industry. This research aims to analyse the strategic positioning of the leading Iberian Peninsula seaports (Portuguese and Spanish seaports) using the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) matrix as a strategic tool in an evolutionary perspective. The portfolio analysis developed subsequently focuses on the annual data of eight seaports in a selected period of 18 years (1992--2009) and on five categories of traffic: liquid bulk (LB), dry bulk (DB), containers (CO), ro-ro (roll-on/roll-off) and conventional cargo (CC). This research allows us to compare and analyse different levels of performance and identify which of the seaports have improved their strategic positioning during the considered period. The findings reveal a better positioning of Spanish seaports in relation to total traffic and that most of the seaports in the BCG matrix had changed from the first to the third period. The seaport of Valencia is the only one that has maintained its Star Performer position in all the 18 years analysed. Furthermore, considering container traffic, the results evidence the seaports of Algeciras, Valencia and Barcelona as having attained a remarkable position of leadership. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 333-349 Issue: 3 Volume: 32 Year: 2011 Month: 12 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2011.647837 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2011.647837 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:32:y:2011:i:3:p:333-349 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Su-Han Woo Author-X-Name-First: Su-Han Author-X-Name-Last: Woo Author-Name: Stephen Pettit Author-X-Name-First: Stephen Author-X-Name-Last: Pettit Author-Name: Anthony Beresford Author-X-Name-First: Anthony Author-X-Name-Last: Beresford Author-Name: Dong-Wook Kwak Author-X-Name-First: Dong-Wook Author-X-Name-Last: Kwak Title: Seaport Research: A Decadal Analysis of Trends and Themes Since the 1980s Abstract: This paper uses a structured literature review approach to investigate how seaports have been studied during the last three decades (1980s--2000s), and to provide a detailed analysis of seaport-related research during this period. To this end, 840 academic papers of relevance were identified. This paper develops a structured analysis of the relevant literature with general trends and research sub-themes being analysed on a decadal basis. In addition, consideration is given as to how the identified trends and research themes have reflected the evolution of seaports. It is shown that the scale of research related to seaports increased substantially during the 2000s, and that seaport research has become a dominant theme in the area of maritime economic studies. It is also clear that there has been a diversification of research with several new themes emerging, reflecting the evolution of the port industry such as the changing role of seaports in supply chains and logistics. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 351-377 Issue: 3 Volume: 32 Year: 2012 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2012.660996 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2012.660996 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:32:y:2012:i:3:p:351-377 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rico Merkert Author-X-Name-First: Rico Author-X-Name-Last: Merkert Author-Name: James Odeck Author-X-Name-First: James Author-X-Name-Last: Odeck Author-Name: Svein Brathen Author-X-Name-First: Svein Author-X-Name-Last: Brathen Author-Name: Romano Pagliari Author-X-Name-First: Romano Author-X-Name-Last: Pagliari Title: A Review of Different Benchmarking Methods in the Context of Regional Airports Abstract: This paper reviews the existing literature on airport benchmarking. In addition to assessing the advantages and disadvantages of partial productivity measures (PPM), we also discuss parametric and non-parametric methods with reference to previous applications to the airport sector. Our analytical framework for research synthesis is based on a comparative study of the existing research findings and includes not only results from longitudinal, cross-sectional and panel data analyses but also findings of our own two-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) case study. Our findings suggest that the more sophisticated approaches can deliver powerful insights into the performance of regional airports. The data for such an analysis are available, yet no previous attempt has been made to apply these methods to the context of regional airports. However, challenges do exist, especially for very small airports, in terms of the reliability, quality, robustness and complexity of such an efficiency analysis. As a result we recommend that an appropriate methodology for comparing the efficiency of regional airports should be based on a combination of PPM with either a two-stage DEA or a stochastic frontier approach approach. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 379-395 Issue: 3 Volume: 32 Year: 2012 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2012.662707 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2012.662707 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:32:y:2012:i:3:p:379-395 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kevin J. Hayes Author-X-Name-First: Kevin J. Author-X-Name-Last: Hayes Title: One Less Car: Bicycling and the Politics of Automobility Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 397-398 Issue: 3 Volume: 32 Year: 2012 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2011.644347 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2011.644347 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:32:y:2012:i:3:p:397-398 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lei Zhang Author-X-Name-First: Lei Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang Author-Name: Frank Southworth Author-X-Name-First: Frank Author-X-Name-Last: Southworth Author-Name: Chenfeng Xiong Author-X-Name-First: Chenfeng Author-X-Name-Last: Xiong Author-Name: Anthon Sonnenberg Author-X-Name-First: Anthon Author-X-Name-Last: Sonnenberg Title: Methodological Options and Data Sources for the Development of Long-Distance Passenger Travel Demand Models: A Comprehensive Review Abstract: Since the passage of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act in 1991, a significant number of state highway agencies have started to develop and implement statewide travel demand models to meet policy and legislative development needs. Currently, however, a lack of up-to-date multimodal and inter-regional passenger travel data hampers analysts’ ability to conduct quantitative assessments of long-distance travel infrastructure investment needs, at both the national and statewide levels. Despite these data limitations, but also largely shaped by them, long-distance travel modelling has become an increasingly popular topic in recent years. This paper reviews several methodologies for multimodal inter-regional travel demand estimation, drawing examples from both state-specific modelling within the USA and from fully national models being developed and applied in other parts of the world, notably in Europe. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 399-433 Issue: 4 Volume: 32 Year: 2012 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2012.688174 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2012.688174 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:32:y:2012:i:4:p:399-433 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Robert Malina Author-X-Name-First: Robert Author-X-Name-Last: Malina Author-Name: Sascha Albers Author-X-Name-First: Sascha Author-X-Name-Last: Albers Author-Name: Nathalie Kroll Author-X-Name-First: Nathalie Author-X-Name-Last: Kroll Title: Airport Incentive Programmes: A European Perspective Abstract: This study investigates the current pricing practices at 200 airports in the European Union (EU). The analysis shows that airport incentive programmes, which are used in one-third of all airports, are generally a common tool of airport pricing. This study also finds evidence of bilateral agreements between airport operators or regional authorities, on the one hand, and airlines, on the other hand, that substitute for published incentive programmes. Geographically, the usage of these different tools varies substantially between different EU countries. A detailed assessment of the incentive schemes offered at German airports within our broader European sample reveals that the average level of landing and take-off, parking and positioning, and passenger charges is generally reduced by more than 10%. The highest reduction amounts to 44%. Given the usually low profit margin of airlines and that airport charges account for up to 10% of the total operating costs, these incentives can have an important influence on the economic viability of a route. Moreover, in an airline's multi-criteria-based assessment of potential market entries or route expansions, such incentive schemes might compensate for selected weaknesses of an airport's strategic position. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 435-453 Issue: 4 Volume: 32 Year: 2012 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2012.684223 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2012.684223 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:32:y:2012:i:4:p:435-453 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carlos Oliveira Cruz Author-X-Name-First: Carlos Oliveira Author-X-Name-Last: Cruz Author-Name: Rui Cunha Marques Author-X-Name-First: Rui Cunha Author-X-Name-Last: Marques Title: Risk-Sharing in Seaport Terminal Concessions Abstract: Over the last two decades, infrastructure development has often been supported by public--private partnerships, particularly under concession arrangements. This paper addresses terminal concession contracts in the seaport sector, and especially the problem of risk-sharing. An effective allocation of risks is the base for the well functioning of the market, and for the success of the ‘landlord’ model. Under this model, the relationship between concessionaires and port authorities is fully dependent on a contract that should be in force for the period of the concession (20, 30 or more years). Based on several Portuguese concession contracts, this paper addresses the issue of risk-sharing agreements. Some policy implications are drawn, namely, alternative contract arrangements to decrease opportunistic behaviour by concessionaires, and to provide incentives to improve efficiency. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 455-471 Issue: 4 Volume: 32 Year: 2012 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2012.664576 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2012.664576 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:32:y:2012:i:4:p:455-471 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Julian Allen Author-X-Name-First: Julian Author-X-Name-Last: Allen Author-Name: Michael Browne Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Browne Author-Name: Allan Woodburn Author-X-Name-First: Allan Author-X-Name-Last: Woodburn Author-Name: Jacques Leonardi Author-X-Name-First: Jacques Author-X-Name-Last: Leonardi Title: The Role of Urban Consolidation Centres in Sustainable Freight Transport Abstract: The paper reviews the study and use of urban consolidation centres (UCCs) which are a freight transport initiative intended to reduce goods vehicle traffic, vehicle-related greenhouse gas emissions and local air pollution. An international literature review has identified 114 UCC schemes in 17 countries (12 in the European Union (EU) and 5 outside the EU) that have been the subject of either a feasibility study, trial or a fully operational scheme in the last 40 years. The period from 2006 to 2010 has been the most active 5-year period in terms of UCC study, trial and scheme generation since the first UCC study was carried out in the early 1970s. Five countries account for the majority of all the 114 UCC schemes identified: France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and the UK. The vast majority of UCCs serve either all or part of an urban area. Examples of UCCs serving a single property (such as an airport or shopping centre) and construction sites have also been identified. Key organizational, operational, and financial issues that are critical to the success of UCCs are discussed. The traffic and environmental impacts of UCC trials and fully operational schemes are also reviewed. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 473-490 Issue: 4 Volume: 32 Year: 2012 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2012.688074 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2012.688074 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:32:y:2012:i:4:p:473-490 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: W. Y. Szeto Author-X-Name-First: W. Y. Author-X-Name-Last: Szeto Author-Name: Xiaoqing Jaber Author-X-Name-First: Xiaoqing Author-X-Name-Last: Jaber Author-Name: S. C. Wong Author-X-Name-First: S. C. Author-X-Name-Last: Wong Title: Road Network Equilibrium Approaches to Environmental Sustainability Abstract: Environmental sustainability is closely related to transportation, especially to the road network, because vehicle emissions and noise damage the environment and have adverse effects on human health. It is, therefore, important to take their effect into account when designing and managing road networks. Road network equilibrium approaches have been used to estimate this impact and to design and manage road networks accordingly. However, no comprehensive review has summarized the applications of these approaches to the design and management of road networks that explicitly address environmental concerns. More importantly, it is necessary to identify this gap in the literature so that future research can improve the existing methodologies. Hence, this paper summarizes these applications and identifies potential future research directions in terms of theories, modelling approaches, algorithms, analyses, and applications. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 491-518 Issue: 4 Volume: 32 Year: 2012 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2012.690000 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2012.690000 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:32:y:2012:i:4:p:491-518 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: José I. Castillo-Manzano Author-X-Name-First: José I. Author-X-Name-Last: Castillo-Manzano Author-Name: Juan P. Asencio-Flores Author-X-Name-First: Juan P. Author-X-Name-Last: Asencio-Flores Title: Competition Between New Port Governance Models on the Iberian Peninsula Abstract: The aim of this article is to analyze the interaction between port devolution processes in Portugal and Spain in their common geographical environment, the Iberian Peninsula. Firstly a review is done of the different port devolution processes in the world which specifically analyses the transition of numerous public and centralized ports to the landlord model. Among the conclusions that we can highlight with respect to the Iberian port systems are the need for a reflection process before any change is made to the port governance model, and greater cooperation between the two countries to avoid any possible future port tariff price wars. The over-investment process that the Spanish port devolution process, especially, has generated must also be mentioned, for highlighting once again the almost inexhaustible ability of ports to eat up public funds for investment that precludes profitability. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 519-537 Issue: 4 Volume: 32 Year: 2012 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2012.662538 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2012.662538 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:32:y:2012:i:4:p:519-537 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Flora Ogilvie Author-X-Name-First: Flora Author-X-Name-Last: Ogilvie Title: Book Review: Mobilities and Health Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 539-540 Issue: 4 Volume: 32 Year: 2012 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2012.662539 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2012.662539 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:32:y:2012:i:4:p:539-540 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ralph Buehler Author-X-Name-First: Ralph Author-X-Name-Last: Buehler Author-Name: John Pucher Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Pucher Title: Demand for Public Transport in Germany and the USA: An Analysis of Rider Characteristics Abstract: This paper first provides a brief review of trends in public transport demand from 1980 to 2010 in 16 countries in Europe, North America, and Australia. The focus, however, is on a detailed analysis of public transport demand in Germany and the USA, using uniquely comparable national travel surveys from 2001/2002 and 2008/2009 for both countries. Public transport has been far more successful in Germany than in the USA, with much greater growth in overall passenger volumes and trips per capita. Even controlling for differences between the countries in demographics, socio-economics, and land use, logistic regressions show that Germans are five times as likely as Americans to use public transport. Moreover, public transport in Germany attracts a much broader cross-section of society and for a greater diversity of trip purposes. The success of German public transport is due to a coordinated package of mutually supportive policies that include the following: (1) more and better service, (2) attractive fares and convenient ticketing, (3) full multimodal and regional integration, (4) high taxes and restrictions on car use, and (5) land-use policies that promote compact, mixed-use developments. It is the integrated package of complementary policies that explains why public transport in Germany can compete so well with the private car, even among affluent households. Conversely, it is the lack of complementary policies that explains the continuing struggle of public transport in the USA. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 541-567 Issue: 5 Volume: 32 Year: 2012 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2012.707695 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2012.707695 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:32:y:2012:i:5:p:541-567 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sander Van Cranenburgh Author-X-Name-First: Sander Author-X-Name-Last: Van Cranenburgh Author-Name: Caspar Chorus Author-X-Name-First: Caspar Author-X-Name-Last: Chorus Author-Name: Bert Van Wee Author-X-Name-First: Bert Author-X-Name-Last: Van Wee Title: Substantial Changes and Their Impact on Mobility: A Typology and an Overview of the Literature Abstract: During the past 40 years, mobility patterns have enduringly changed several times as a result of the occurrence of a number “substantial changes”. Examples of such substantial changes are the rapid emergence of affordable air travel, the oil crises, and profound ICT developments. To most researchers and policy-makers in transportation, it seems more than likely that the next 40 years will also witness a number of substantial changes, some of which might even have larger impacts on mobility than the ones described above. However, literature on substantial changes and their impact on mobility are difficult to access as it is spread across different research fields and suffers from ambiguous use of terminology. As a result, overview of the literature on substantial changes and their findings is missing and discussions on the impacts on future mobility of potential substantial changes are hampered. To overcome these problems, this paper (1) proposes a typology of substantial changes and (2) ties together and reviews the scholarly literature that has focused on identifying the impacts of past substantial changes on mobility patterns. In this paper, we show how the proposed typology on substantial changes can be applied to contemplate on substantial changes and on their impacts. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 569-597 Issue: 5 Volume: 32 Year: 2012 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2012.706836 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2012.706836 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:32:y:2012:i:5:p:569-597 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cristina Pronello Author-X-Name-First: Cristina Author-X-Name-Last: Pronello Author-Name: Cristian Camusso Author-X-Name-First: Cristian Author-X-Name-Last: Camusso Title: A Review of Transport Noise Indicators Abstract: The different approaches to noise impact assessment adopted by the individual countries and the scientific community have led to the development of a certain number of indicators, mainly focused on specific transport modes. However, in practice, technicians and decision-makers alike may fail to identify the most appropriate indicators, if they have no specific expertise on environmental noise. This paper presents a review of the main transport noise indicators, both the general acoustic ones and those used for specific transport modes. A critical analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of these indicators is provided, as well as a section discussing the framework in which they work, and suggestions for their best use, aimed at assisting decision-makers to ascertain their role in the evaluation process of the transport systems. To this extent, a classification is proposed, supplemented by the DPSIR (driving forces, pressures, states, impacts, responses) approach, in an effort to assess the cause--effect relationship between society and the environment. Decision-makers will also gain insight into the prioritization of the use of the existing indicators in accordance to their own needs, as well as advice on the joint use of socioeconomic variables to fully support their decisions. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 599-628 Issue: 5 Volume: 32 Year: 2012 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2012.706332 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2012.706332 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:32:y:2012:i:5:p:599-628 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yibin Xiao Author-X-Name-First: Yibin Author-X-Name-Last: Xiao Author-Name: Adolf K.Y. Ng Author-X-Name-First: Adolf K.Y. Author-X-Name-Last: Ng Author-Name: Hangjun Yang Author-X-Name-First: Hangjun Author-X-Name-Last: Yang Author-Name: Xiaowen Fu Author-X-Name-First: Xiaowen Author-X-Name-Last: Fu Title: An Analysis of the Dynamics of Ownership, Capacity Investments and Pricing Structure of Ports Abstract: With more than 80% of the world's cargoes being transported by sea, effective port management is critical to the well-being of the global economy. This study models the effects of port ownership and governance on capacity investment and pricing structure, and these changes' implications on port service level and social welfare. The study argues that capacity investment and pricing are significantly influenced by a port's ownership form, and the different levels of government involved. Inter-port competition leads to increased capacity investments by private investors and local authorities, which can be either higher or lower than social optimal level. Therefore, it is important for policymakers to consider the effects of institutional and competition factors in port reform initiatives. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 629-652 Issue: 5 Volume: 32 Year: 2012 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2012.709888 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2012.709888 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:32:y:2012:i:5:p:629-652 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ruth Bergel-Hayat Author-X-Name-First: Ruth Author-X-Name-Last: Bergel-Hayat Title: Time-Series Models of Aggregate Road Risk and Their Applications to European Countries Abstract: This paper aims to describe how time-series analysis of road risk has been performed at the national level in Europe since Smeed's seminal study of 1949. The first part of the paper surveys European applications of time-series analysis to road safety since the beginning of the 1980s. A historical overview of the various approaches followed and the different types of model that have been used to analyse changes in road risk are given, referring to the foregoing historical account. The last part of the paper presents recent modelling conducted in the framework of the EU FP6 project “SafetyNet—Building the European Road Safety Observatory”, which ran from 2004 to 2008, with the aim of gathering harmonized data bases from the member states and performing a comparative monitoring of trends. Recommendations for using dedicated models which handle time dependency when applied to road safety were given. Applications to a number of national datasets, including France, the Netherlands and Greece, have revealed different ways in which risk exposure can be included in the models in order to conduct a comparative analysis of trends. Research directions for extending these comparative analyses are given. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 653-670 Issue: 5 Volume: 32 Year: 2012 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2012.695407 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2012.695407 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:32:y:2012:i:5:p:653-670 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sophie Dupré Author-X-Name-First: Sophie Author-X-Name-Last: Dupré Author-Name: Emmanuel Guy Author-X-Name-First: Emmanuel Author-X-Name-Last: Guy Title: Actors and Their Representations in Shipping Policy: Developing the European Maritime Safety Agency Abstract: This paper discusses the European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA). Through a chronological reconstruction, the study looks at the events that lead to the official birth of the Agency in 2003 and how it developed to its current state. The conceptual framework draws from cognitive policy analysis, a French political science perspective related to new institutionalisms. This approach emphasizes the role of the actors' own representations of their sector and the ways they fit within the socioeconomic system as a whole. This highlights the evolution of the stakeholders' positions and influence throughout the development process. Findings suggest that although considerable discrepancies between European representatives and those of the shipping industry were present in the context leading to EMSA's creation, the Agency has now established a working consensus confirming a greater implication of European authorities in the regulation of international shipping. The work also suggests that a greater attention to plays of power among stakeholders and how they translate in their representations could be pertinent to strengthen research in shipping policy. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 697-713 Issue: 6 Volume: 32 Year: 2012 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2012.706331 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2012.706331 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:32:y:2012:i:6:p:697-713 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anna Charisse Farr Author-X-Name-First: Anna Charisse Author-X-Name-Last: Farr Author-Name: Tristan Kleinschmidt Author-X-Name-First: Tristan Author-X-Name-Last: Kleinschmidt Author-Name: Prasad Yarlagadda Author-X-Name-First: Prasad Author-X-Name-Last: Yarlagadda Author-Name: Kerrie Mengersen Author-X-Name-First: Kerrie Author-X-Name-Last: Mengersen Title: Wayfinding: A simple concept, a complex process Abstract: Wayfinding is the process of finding your way to a destination in a familiar or unfamiliar setting using any cues given by the environment. Due to its ubiquity in everyday life, wayfinding appears on the surface to be a simply characterized and understood process; however, this very ubiquity and the resulting need to refine and optimize wayfinding has led to a great number of studies that have revealed that it is in fact a deeply complex exercise. In this article, we examine the motivations for investigating wayfinding, with particular attention being paid to the unique challenges faced in transportation hubs, and discuss the associated principles and factors involved as they have been perceived from different research perspectives. We also review the approaches used to date in the modelling of wayfinding in various contexts. We attempt to draw together the different perspectives applied to wayfinding and postulate the importance of wayfinding and the need to understand this seemingly simple, but concurrently complex, process. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 715-743 Issue: 6 Volume: 32 Year: 2012 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2012.712555 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2012.712555 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:32:y:2012:i:6:p:715-743 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Taede Tillema Author-X-Name-First: Taede Author-X-Name-Last: Tillema Author-Name: Marije Hamersma Author-X-Name-First: Marije Author-X-Name-Last: Hamersma Author-Name: Joseph M. Sussman Author-X-Name-First: Joseph M. Author-X-Name-Last: Sussman Author-Name: Jos Arts Author-X-Name-First: Jos Author-X-Name-Last: Arts Title: Extending the Scope of Highway Planning: Accessibility, Negative Externalities and the Residential Context Abstract: The objectives of this review-based paper were twofold. Firstly, we aimed to explore the need and possibilities for broadening the scope of highway planning by taking account of the residential context, including residential satisfaction. Satisfaction appears to be an interesting, and in our opinion, valuable mediating planning concept between road infrastructure planning and the accompanying external effects on the one hand and household coping strategies on the other. Households living near highway infrastructure are influenced by both positive (i.e. accessibility gains) and negative road-related factors (e.g. noise nuisance and air pollution). Changes in these factors may trigger people to accept the new situation, adjust preferences, try to influence plans and/or  even relocate. The second aim was to gain a greater understanding of the influence of both accessibility characteristics and negative externalities on the residential context of households. With respect to context, we make a distinction between residential satisfaction, housing prices and residential relocation. We see changes in residential satisfaction as a potential early predictor of opposition to plans, not only from active opposers but also from the more ‘silent majority’, and as a predictor of housing price changes and residential migration. Insights into residential satisfaction around highways may help transportation planners to relieve locational stress and may also prevent protests and relocations. Our literature review indicated that households prefer to live close to highways to benefit from high regional accessibility, but do not want to contend with the nuisances. This is also reflected in property values. However, the literature appears to put more emphasis on studying the impact of (regional) accessibility and externalities on location behaviour than on residential satisfaction. Because of the added value that the concept of residential satisfaction may provide in road planning, and the limited scientific insights, it is important to gain greater insight into how residential satisfaction is influenced by negative and positive externalities and into how residential satisfaction changes over time—from the stage when new road projects are discussed through to concrete planning, realization and the period after completion. Moreover, it would be worthwhile to gain a deeper understanding of the extent to which house prices, location behaviour and residential satisfaction near highways interrelate. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 745-759 Issue: 6 Volume: 32 Year: 2012 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2012.724726 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2012.724726 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:32:y:2012:i:6:p:745-759 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tobias Kuhnimhof Author-X-Name-First: Tobias Author-X-Name-Last: Kuhnimhof Author-Name: Jimmy Armoogum Author-X-Name-First: Jimmy Author-X-Name-Last: Armoogum Author-Name: Ralph Buehler Author-X-Name-First: Ralph Author-X-Name-Last: Buehler Author-Name: Joyce Dargay Author-X-Name-First: Joyce Author-X-Name-Last: Dargay Author-Name: Jon Martin Denstadli Author-X-Name-First: Jon Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Denstadli Author-Name: Toshiyuki Yamamoto Author-X-Name-First: Toshiyuki Author-X-Name-Last: Yamamoto Title: Men Shape a Downward Trend in Car Use among Young Adults—Evidence from Six Industrialized Countries Abstract: This paper investigates trends in the travel behaviour of young adults in Germany, France, Great Britain, Japan, Norway, and the USA over the past few decades with a focus on car availability and car travel. The trend analysis relies on micro-data from over 20 National Travel Surveys from the study countries dating back to the mid-1970s. The analysis of the survey data is supplemented by official statistics on licence holding. On this basis, this paper compiles a body of evidence for changes in mobility patterns among young adults in industrialized countries over the past few decades. The findings indicate that since the turn of the millennium, access to cars, measured in terms of drivers' licences and household car ownership, has decreased in most study countries—especially for men. Moreover, average daily car travel distance has decreased in most study countries, again especially for men. In France, Japan, and most significantly in the USA, the decrease in car travel has led to a reduction in total everyday travel by young travellers. In Great Britain, the decline in car travel was partly, and in Germany fully, compensated by an increased use of alternative modes of transport. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 761-779 Issue: 6 Volume: 32 Year: 2012 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2012.736426 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2012.736426 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:32:y:2012:i:6:p:761-779 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Moshe Givoni Author-X-Name-First: Moshe Author-X-Name-Last: Givoni Author-Name: James Macmillen Author-X-Name-First: James Author-X-Name-Last: Macmillen Author-Name: David Banister Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Banister Author-Name: Eran Feitelson Author-X-Name-First: Eran Author-X-Name-Last: Feitelson Title: From Policy Measures to Policy Packages Abstract: It is increasingly evident that harnessing the potential synergetic relationships that exist between certain policy measures can significantly increase the effectiveness and efficiency of policy interventions. However, while normative sentiments of “integrated policy” and “joined-up government” are well-established, minimal academic attention has, thus far, been paid to considerations of how such relationships might be strategically advanced in promoting effective policy interventions. Framed in relation to transport policy, this paper, thus, tentatively proposes a heuristic framework that seeks to engage with the major conceptual and procedural concerns involved in bona fide “policy packaging”. Wary of naive prescription, the framework is not intended to function as a universal blueprint for policy-making. Rather, we aim to critically examine a number of salient principles that appear to have generic policy relevance across institutional contexts and jurisdictional scales. Fundamentally, the paper argues that while policy packaging can certainly support effective and efficient policy-making—not least through enhancing interventions' implementation and the ex ante mitigation of unintended effects—the packaging process requires a deep and holistic appreciation of policy subsystems, together with a structured approach, if its benefits are to be genuinely realized. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 1-20 Issue: 1 Volume: 33 Year: 2013 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2012.744779 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2012.744779 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:33:y:2013:i:1:p:1-20 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Raktim Mitra Author-X-Name-First: Raktim Author-X-Name-Last: Mitra Title: Independent Mobility and Mode Choice for School Transportation: A Review and Framework for Future Research Abstract: Interest in active school transportation has emerged in response to concern over the reduced levels of physical activity (PA) among children. PA derived from active school travel may have important implications for the healthy development of children and youth. This article reviews transportation, urban planning, health and environmental psychology literatures to explore current understanding of school travel behaviour. The major theoretical approaches used to study and explain walking/cycling behaviour were examined; and existing evidence of the influences on school travel outcomes was summarized. Based on this review, the paper outlines a conceptual framework for exploring school travel behaviour of children and youth. The model hypothesizes multiple levels of influence on independent mobility and mode choice for school transportation; independent mobility is conceptualized within the household activity-travel paradigm. Future empirical research based on this framework will inform policy interventions that are focused on children's active mobility and PA. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 21-43 Issue: 1 Volume: 33 Year: 2013 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2012.743490 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2012.743490 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:33:y:2013:i:1:p:21-43 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ehsan Shafiei Author-X-Name-First: Ehsan Author-X-Name-Last: Shafiei Author-Name: Hlynur Stefansson Author-X-Name-First: Hlynur Author-X-Name-Last: Stefansson Author-Name: Eyjolfur Ingi Asgeirsson Author-X-Name-First: Eyjolfur Ingi Author-X-Name-Last: Asgeirsson Author-Name: Brynhildur Davidsdottir Author-X-Name-First: Brynhildur Author-X-Name-Last: Davidsdottir Author-Name: Marco Raberto Author-X-Name-First: Marco Author-X-Name-Last: Raberto Title: Integrated Agent-based and System Dynamics Modelling for Simulation of Sustainable Mobility Abstract: In this article, a conceptual framework for a comprehensive evaluation of the diffusion process of alternative fuel vehicles is introduced. The framework takes into account the most influencing stakeholders, including car manufacturers, car dealers, consumers, energy supply system, fuel stations and government. The underlying mathematical models of different stakeholders are then integrated in one model of the whole energy and transport system. The hybrid modelling framework links the two powerful dynamic simulation approaches of system dynamics (SD) and agent-based (AB) modelling. Integrated modelling structure gives the potential of building more accurate and computationally efficient models for simulating the transition to sustainable mobility. We specify the integration process and the most important linking variables between various energy and transport components. Then the application of the integrated model is explained through a test case and, finally, the applicability of the hybrid AB and SD approach and its potential contribution to the models of transition to sustainable mobility will be concluded. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 44-70 Issue: 1 Volume: 33 Year: 2013 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2012.745632 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2012.745632 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:33:y:2013:i:1:p:44-70 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lars Böcker Author-X-Name-First: Lars Author-X-Name-Last: Böcker Author-Name: Martin Dijst Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Dijst Author-Name: Jan Prillwitz Author-X-Name-First: Jan Author-X-Name-Last: Prillwitz Title: Impact of Everyday Weather on Individual Daily Travel Behaviours in Perspective: A Literature Review Abstract: In the light of growing societal interest for climate change adaptation and mitigation, insights into the meaning of weather conditions for travel behaviours—particularly walking and cycling—have become very important. Recently, various studies from transport, health and biometeorological disciplines have touched upon the relevance of weather for daily activities and travel, yet a review and critical assessment of the existing knowledge are lacking. Hence, the aim of this review is first to bring together these contributions and provide a systematic and comprehensive overview concerning the impact of weather conditions on daily travel activities. Second, the methodological, contextual and behavioural backgrounds of the studies will be discussed. The major conclusion is that the existing studies present an incomplete and fragmented picture of the impact of weather on travel behaviour, which makes effective planning for climate change a harsh job. In the conclusions, some lines for future research will be recommended. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 71-91 Issue: 1 Volume: 33 Year: 2013 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2012.747114 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2012.747114 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:33:y:2013:i:1:p:71-91 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David A. Hensher Author-X-Name-First: David A. Author-X-Name-Last: Hensher Author-Name: John M. Rose Author-X-Name-First: John M. Author-X-Name-Last: Rose Author-Name: Waiyan Leong Author-X-Name-First: Waiyan Author-X-Name-Last: Leong Author-Name: Alejandro Tirachini Author-X-Name-First: Alejandro Author-X-Name-Last: Tirachini Author-Name: Zheng Li Author-X-Name-First: Zheng Author-X-Name-Last: Li Title: Choosing Public Transport—Incorporating Richer Behavioural Elements in Modal Choice Models Abstract: The development of behaviourally richer representations of the role of well-established and increasingly important influences on modal choice, such as trip time reliability and accounting for risk attitude and process rules, has moved forward at a fast pace in the context of automobile travel. In the public transport setting, such contributions have, with rare exception, not been considered. In this paper, we discuss and empirically illustrate the merits of advanced modelling developments aimed at improving our understanding of public transport choice, namely the inclusion of reliability in extended expected utility theoretic forms, to recognize risk attitude and perceptual conditioning, the consideration of passenger crowding and its inclusion in linear additive models, and the role of multiple heuristics in representing attribute processing as a way of conditioning modal choice. We illustrate the mechanics of introducing these behaviourally appealing extensions using a modal choice data set collected in Sydney. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 92-106 Issue: 1 Volume: 33 Year: 2013 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2012.760671 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2012.760671 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:33:y:2013:i:1:p:92-106 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Niklas Arvidsson Author-X-Name-First: Niklas Author-X-Name-Last: Arvidsson Author-Name: Johan Woxenius Author-X-Name-First: Johan Author-X-Name-Last: Woxenius Author-Name: Catrin Lammgård Author-X-Name-First: Catrin Author-X-Name-Last: Lammgård Title: Review of Road Hauliers' Measures for Increasing Transport Efficiency and Sustainability in Urban Freight Distribution Abstract: This paper analyses a set of measures for transport efficiency improvements from the perspective of the road haulier, particularly regarding improvements suitable for urban distribution and their effects. The first part of the paper addresses literature within the area of transport efficiency. The second part reviews potential transport efficiency improvements with respect to environmental impact and the number of actors involved in the decision. The third part presents results from interviews with the CEOs of two road hauliers regarding their opinions of the transport efficiency measures. Finally, the conclusions about transport efficiency measures are summarized in a matrix, taking into account whether these measures can be considered as costs or benefits for the actors involved. The results show ambiguous and often intricate relations with regard to costs and benefits for the actors in the system. They also explain part of the inertia to change within the freight industry. However, an increasing number of transport operators are now offering more sustainable transport solutions and this service might gain them a competitive advantage in the future. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 107-127 Issue: 1 Volume: 33 Year: 2013 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2013.763866 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2013.763866 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:33:y:2013:i:1:p:107-127 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Robin Hickman Author-X-Name-First: Robin Author-X-Name-Last: Hickman Title: Automobility in Transition. A Socio-Technical Analysis of Sustainable Transport Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 128-129 Issue: 1 Volume: 33 Year: 2013 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2012.745034 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2012.745034 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:33:y:2013:i:1:p:128-129 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Geoffrey Dudley Author-X-Name-First: Geoffrey Author-X-Name-Last: Dudley Author-Name: John Preston Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Preston Title: Historical Narrative and the Evolution of Academic Transport Studies in the UK Abstract: This article examines fundamental questions concerning the origins and evolution of academic transport studies and the dynamics of its historical development. These fundamental questions are generally little discussed, yet are vital in gaining a better understanding of how the subject is driven forward. This article therefore attempts to answer these questions by taking the UK as a case study, with the principal method being evidence from semi-structured interviews with 20 senior figures integrally involved in the development of the subject. The characterization of transport studies provided by Allsop is employed as an analytical framework, enabling the construction of a historical narrative that can provide salient insights. Thus, it is argued that for academic transport studies the degree of early cross-fertilization with public arenas has meant that subsequent developments have been shaped by the subject's contextual environment. Most prominent among these developments has been the trend towards wider disciplinary breadth. This article examines the evolution of these processes, while the concluding section discusses their implications for consequent strengths and limitations of the subject. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 131-147 Issue: 2 Volume: 33 Year: 2013 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2013.784375 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2013.784375 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:33:y:2013:i:2:p:131-147 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elliot Fishman Author-X-Name-First: Elliot Author-X-Name-Last: Fishman Author-Name: Simon Washington Author-X-Name-First: Simon Author-X-Name-Last: Washington Author-Name: Narelle Haworth Author-X-Name-First: Narelle Author-X-Name-Last: Haworth Title: Bike Share: A Synthesis of the Literature Abstract: This paper begins by providing an overview of bike share programs, followed by a critical examination of the growing body of literature on these programs. This synthesis of previous works, both peer-reviewed and gray, includes an identification of the current gaps in knowledge related to the impacts of bike sharing programs. This synthesis represents a critically needed evaluation of the current state of global bike share research, in order to better understand, and maximize the effectiveness of current and future programs. Several consistent themes have emerged within the growing body of research on bike share programs. Firstly, the importance bike share members place on convenience and value for money appears paramount in their motivation to sign up and use these programs. Secondly, and somewhat counter intuitively, scheme members are more likely to own and use private bicycles than nonmembers. Thirdly, users demonstrate a greater reluctance to wear helmets than private bicycle riders and helmets have acted as a deterrent in jurisdictions in which helmets are mandatory. Finally, and perhaps most importantly from a sustainable transport perspective, the majority of scheme users are substituting from sustainable modes of transport rather than the car. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 148-165 Issue: 2 Volume: 33 Year: 2013 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2013.775612 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2013.775612 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:33:y:2013:i:2:p:148-165 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zohreh Asadi-Shekari Author-X-Name-First: Zohreh Author-X-Name-Last: Asadi-Shekari Author-Name: Mehdi Moeinaddini Author-X-Name-First: Mehdi Author-X-Name-Last: Moeinaddini Author-Name: Muhammad Zaly Shah Author-X-Name-First: Muhammad Author-X-Name-Last: Zaly Shah Title: Non-motorised Level of Service: Addressing Challenges in Pedestrian and Bicycle Level of Service Abstract: Motorised vehicle conditions have been evaluated by many researchers. In contrast, there are very limited studies on vulnerable and non-motorised users, such as cyclists and pedestrians, specifically children, the elderly and the disabled. Thus, this paper reviews prominent studies on street evaluations to identify effective indicators for non-motorised trips. The street condition for these trips is measured by the bicycle level of service (BLOS) and the pedestrian level of service (PLOS). In previous studies, different methods have been introduced for PLOS and BLOS. However, these methods have several major shortcomings. First, pedestrians and cyclists are assumed to be users who can share street facilities with motorised vehicles and thus are considered equivalent to cars. Second, the majority of these methods are complicated and time-consuming, and it is difficult to connect them to a design process. Furthermore, these methods support only a limited number of walking and cycling facilities; therefore, they may not be valid for a wide range of pedestrians and cyclists with a diverse variety of abilities and ages. This study discusses the challenges in the BLOS and PLOS research and attempts to introduce new objectives for further studies in this field to eliminate the aforementioned shortcomings. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 166-194 Issue: 2 Volume: 33 Year: 2013 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2013.775613 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2013.775613 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:33:y:2013:i:2:p:166-194 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. De Jong Author-X-Name-First: M. Author-X-Name-Last: De Jong Author-Name: J. A. Annema Author-X-Name-First: J. A. Author-X-Name-Last: Annema Author-Name: G. P. Van Wee Author-X-Name-First: G. P. Author-X-Name-Last: Van Wee Title: How to Build Major Transport Infrastructure Projects within Budget, in Time and with the Expected Output; a Literature Review Abstract: This paper reviews the literature on factors which help to realise major transport infrastructure projects within the forecasted budget, schedule and with the expected output. The most mentioned factors overall are as follows: (1) improving the cost and benefit estimates of projects, (2) containing the risks involved in these projects, (3) increasing accountability and (4) maintaining clear scope and objectives. Statistical research, in particular, focuses on these particular factors, but different research methodologies produce different results. Research based on case studies and interviews does not discuss accountability at all, while literature reviews and discussions show a remarkable focus on this specific factor. Furthermore, there is variety in the factors mentioned in papers investigating cost overruns, schedule overruns or output shortfalls. Overall, the research in this field focuses on failure within major transport infrastructure projects. These results show that a framework for building major transport infrastructure projects within budget, in time and with the expected output is emerging, but that more research is needed using multivariate analyses. Also, more research focusing on projects which have actually achieved their forecasts is needed. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 195-218 Issue: 2 Volume: 33 Year: 2013 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2013.778912 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2013.778912 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:33:y:2013:i:2:p:195-218 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. K. Bhuyan Author-X-Name-First: P. K. Author-X-Name-Last: Bhuyan Author-Name: Minakshi Sheshadri Nayak Author-X-Name-First: Minakshi Sheshadri Author-X-Name-Last: Nayak Title: A Review on Level of Service Analysis of Urban Streets Abstract: The paper presents a classification and analysis of the results achieved using various tools for the estimation of level of service (LOS) of urban streets. The basic premise of urban streets and LOS are discussed. LOS is analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Average travel speed (ATS) on street segments is considered as the measure of effectiveness in defining LOS criteria of an urban street using quantitative methods. The travel speed data collection procedure has been changing over time from the traditional followed moving observer method to a distance measuring instrument and now global positioning system is being extensively used worldwide. Classifying urban streets into number of classes and ATSs on street segments into number of LOS categories are essential components of LOS analysis. Emphasis is put on application of soft computing techniques such as fuzzy set theory, genetic algorithm, neural network, cluster analysis and modeling and simulation for the LOS analysis of urban streets both quantitatively and qualitatively. Quality of service of urban streets is analyzed using the satisfaction level that the road user perceived while using the urban road infrastructure. Possibilities are shown regarding the further improvement in research methodology. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 219-238 Issue: 2 Volume: 33 Year: 2013 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2013.779617 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2013.779617 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:33:y:2013:i:2:p:219-238 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John Parkin Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Parkin Title: City cycling Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 239-240 Issue: 2 Volume: 33 Year: 2013 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2013.782592 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2013.782592 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:33:y:2013:i:2:p:239-240 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tim Jones Author-X-Name-First: Tim Author-X-Name-Last: Jones Title: Cycling and Sustainability Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 240-242 Issue: 2 Volume: 33 Year: 2013 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2013.784823 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2013.784823 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:33:y:2013:i:2:p:240-242 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Phil Goodwin Author-X-Name-First: Phil Author-X-Name-Last: Goodwin Author-Name: Kurt Van Dender Author-X-Name-First: Kurt Author-X-Name-Last: Van Dender Title: 'Peak Car' - Themes and Issues Abstract: This editorial overview of the Special Issue on 'Peak Car' previews the seven papers, drawing out common themes and differences. It starts with a brief overview of the emergence and characteristics of the 'peak car' idea, including recent research and discussions. It draws out the key themes from each of the seven papers in turn and discusses implications for research and policy. It concludes that there is now little doubt that young peoples' car use has reduced, but there is still doubt about how younger people will travel as they age, or how the next generation will travel; that location and settlement density effects are very important, meaning that future population distributions will be significant; and that while 'economic' factors are still seen to be important, elasticities with respect to price and income are falling, with signs of differential responses by population categories and location. In policy terms, it concludes that with the current level of uncertainty about future car use levels, rather than developing policy based on one forecast, we should be developing policy for a range of plausible scenarios. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 243-254 Issue: 3 Volume: 33 Year: 2013 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2013.804133 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2013.804133 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:33:y:2013:i:3:p:243-254 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Metz Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Metz Title: Peak Car and Beyond: The Fourth Era of Travel Abstract: There is emerging evidence that personal daily travel, particularly by car, has ceased to grow in the developed economies. This can be attributed to saturation of demand, given high levels of access and choice now widely available, together with constraints on higher speeds. We are therefore at a time of transition from an era of growth of per capita travel to an era of stability, in which the future factors determining the growth of total travel demand are demographic - population growth, increasing longevity, and urbanisation. The peak car phenomenon, which marks this transition, is seen in successful cities that attract a growing population whose travel needs are increasingly met by investment in rail-based transport, the revival of which is a characteristic of the new era. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 255-270 Issue: 3 Volume: 33 Year: 2013 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2013.800615 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2013.800615 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:33:y:2013:i:3:p:255-270 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alexa Delbosc Author-X-Name-First: Alexa Author-X-Name-Last: Delbosc Author-Name: Graham Currie Author-X-Name-First: Graham Author-X-Name-Last: Currie Title: Causes of Youth Licensing Decline: A Synthesis of Evidence Abstract: In recent decades, young adults in many developed nations have become increasingly less likely to acquire a driving license. If this trend continues it could have significant impacts on transport futures. Licensing reductions have only recently been identified and causes are only just being explored. This paper presents a first synthesis of available evidence including an assessment of more influential causal factors. It begins by documenting the declining trend evident in 9 of 14 documented countries; the average rate of decline is 0.6% per annum, with highest declines documented in Australia. A range of causal factors are documented from cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Changes in life stage and living arrangements, changes in motoring affordability, location and transport, graduated driver licensing schemes, attitudinal influences and the role of e-communication are all explored. Evidence is in general weak and preliminary but suggests multiple causes rather than any single influence. However, of the evidence available life stage factors and affordability influences have stronger links to license decline but are only likely to have a low affect size. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 271-290 Issue: 3 Volume: 33 Year: 2013 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2013.801929 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2013.801929 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:33:y:2013:i:3:p:271-290 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Richard Grimal Author-X-Name-First: Richard Author-X-Name-Last: Grimal Author-Name: Roger Collet Author-X-Name-First: Roger Author-X-Name-Last: Collet Author-Name: Jean-Loup Madre Author-X-Name-First: Jean-Loup Author-X-Name-Last: Madre Title: Is the Stagnation of Individual Car Travel a General Phenomenon in France? A Time-Series Analysis by Zone of Residence and Standard of Living Abstract: At the aggregate level, the growth in individual car use (in vehicle*kilometres per adult) over time has considerably slowed down in France in the 2000s, but is this tendency observed whatever the area and standard of living? Relying on annual data drawn from the French Household Continuous Surveys (1974-1994) and the Car Fleet surveys (1994-2010), time-series of annual mileage per adult is compared in the four quartiles of the household income scale, in three types of zone: core cities, suburbs and low-density areas. We observe that the recent stagnation of individual car use is a general phenomenon, as it has occurred in all the income groups and in all the areas, but at different levels and moments in time nonetheless. In the 2000s, fuel price has dramatically increased, providing a likely explanation for the slowdown observed in the time-series. Using a Chapman-Richards growth model where the saturation level depends on economic factors, we disentangle their effect from the diffusion process of individual car use over time. As expected, the saturation level is found to be an increasing function of income, and a decreasing function of fuel price and population density. Besides, the estimation results show that the diffusion of individual car use among low-income households in 2010 was still ongoing in all the types of zone, while it was ending for high-income households. Moreover, the model assumes that the fuel price sensitivity of individual car use is decreasing as the standard of living raises: it is probably the combination of these effects that has led the annual mileage per adult to stabilize in the 2000s. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 291-309 Issue: 3 Volume: 33 Year: 2013 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2013.801930 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2013.801930 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:33:y:2013:i:3:p:291-309 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Headicar Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Headicar Title: The Changing Spatial Distribution of the Population in England: Its Nature and Significance for 'Peak Car' Abstract: Historically, the growth in car use has been associated with trends of suburbanisation and counter-urbanisation. More recently in England, there has been a slowing and even a reversal of these trends. These coincide with a similar pattern in car use itself. This paper explores the extent to which these two trends are related. It utilises data from the Census of Population and the National Travel Survey since 1971 to identify the shifts in population between different area-types and their implications for per capita car use. The most recent decade has been distinguished by rapid growth in total population due to an increase in births and net international immigration. These increases are shown to be concentrated in London and certain other cities and have accelerated the changed trend in population distribution. The spatial dimension of contemporary demographic projections and their implications for future car use are identified as are the potential effects of the Coalition Government's policy to reduce net immigration. For convenience the neutral assumption is made that per capita car use by area-type remains constant, but this could be negated by a range of factors consequent on changed socio-economic conditions since 2008 including the Government's relaxation of previous planning policies which have contributed to the urban renaissance thus far. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 310-324 Issue: 3 Volume: 33 Year: 2013 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2013.802751 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2013.802751 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:33:y:2013:i:3:p:310-324 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tobias Kuhnimhof Author-X-Name-First: Tobias Author-X-Name-Last: Kuhnimhof Author-Name: Dirk Zumkeller Author-X-Name-First: Dirk Author-X-Name-Last: Zumkeller Author-Name: Bastian Chlond Author-X-Name-First: Bastian Author-X-Name-Last: Chlond Title: Who Made Peak Car, and How? A Breakdown of Trends over Four Decades in Four Countries Abstract: This paper investigates the contribution of underlying trends to per-capita car travel development since the 1970s in France, Germany, Great Britain, and the USA. In these countries, after a long period of growth, car travel began to show signs of stagnation - or even decrease - after the 1990s. Our paper breaks down underlying demographic and travel trends for two study periods: first, a period of per-capita car travel growth (until the mid-1990s); second, a period of stagnation or decrease in car travel (beginning around the turn of the millennium). Two patterns of development emerge: (1) in France and the USA, the reversal in the trend in car travel per capita was due mainly to trend changes in total travel demand by drivers; (2) in Germany and Great Britain, the levelling off of motorisation, and shifts to other modes, played a much larger role. Ageing has in recent years gained weight in shaping per-capita car travel trends. In Europe, the continued increase of car availability for seniors has had a damping effect on peak car. Even though all age classes have contributed to peak car, young adults stand out in this regard and therefore deserve special attention. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 325-342 Issue: 3 Volume: 33 Year: 2013 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2013.801928 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2013.801928 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:33:y:2013:i:3:p:325-342 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jan van der Waard Author-X-Name-First: Jan Author-X-Name-Last: van der Waard Author-Name: Peter Jorritsma Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Jorritsma Author-Name: Ben Immers Author-X-Name-First: Ben Author-X-Name-Last: Immers Title: New Drivers in Mobility; What Moves the Dutch in 2012? Abstract: A mobility analysis, in early 2011, by the Netherlands Institute for Transport Policy Analyses showed that following the remarkable growth in the 1980s and 1990s, the total amount of national mobility of people in the Netherlands had not increased since 2005. This particularly appeared to apply to car use. Except for the credit crisis around 2008-09, the reasons for this development remained unclear at the time. Based on further analyses of the developments in mobility over the last ten years and some findings from other countries, several hypotheses related to the apparent levelling off of the growth in car use were formulated and investigated in further research. In the first part of this paper, a detailed description of the developments in mobility between 2000 and 2010 is presented, with emphasis on specific trends for various user categories (by travel mode, by age group, by gender). This part can be seen as a description of recent developments in mobility growth. In the second part of the paper, we present the findings of our in-depth research into the causes behind the levelling off of growth in car use. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 343-359 Issue: 3 Volume: 33 Year: 2013 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2013.801046 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2013.801046 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:33:y:2013:i:3:p:343-359 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gordon Stokes Author-X-Name-First: Gordon Author-X-Name-Last: Stokes Title: The Prospects for Future Levels of Car Access and Use Abstract: This paper aims to build on similarities and differences in empirical findings and analytical approaches in papers in a special issue of the Transport Reviews journal on peak car. These differences are encapsulated in a new exploratory tool, which gives transparent future scenarios, at the aggregate national level. The model is based on age cohorts, with some degree of behavioural inertia, as the means of incorporating the most frequently noted age-related feature of the new trends. This is modified by different readings of the differential effects of population growth and location, immigration, and policy effects. Account is also taken of different assessments of the future track of Western Economies and of the impacts that economic factors have on travel behaviour, this being one of the core distinctions between peak car research and traditional models. Using UK data the suggestion is of a base projection for overall car use per person which is broadly stable for the next 20 years or so, falling slightly by 2036. The conclusion is that the combined effects of findings reported in this Issue are big enough to affect future transport conditions to a much more substantial extent than has been traditionally assumed. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 360-375 Issue: 3 Volume: 33 Year: 2013 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2013.800614 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2013.800614 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:33:y:2013:i:3:p:360-375 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kevin Cullinane Author-X-Name-First: Kevin Author-X-Name-Last: Cullinane Author-Name: Sharon Cullinane Author-X-Name-First: Sharon Author-X-Name-Last: Cullinane Title: Atmospheric Emissions from Shipping: The Need for Regulation and Approaches to Compliance Abstract: Shipping has traditionally been viewed as the least environmentally damaging mode of freight transport. Recent studies have increasingly questioned this perception, as attention has focused on both the greenhouse gas emissions (mainly CO2) and the emission of health-damaging pollutants (such as sulphur, nitrogen oxides and particulates) by ships. This paper reviews the available evidence on the atmospheric emissions of shipping. It proposes that the profit objective has prompted the pursuit of greater fuel efficiency within the sector, but that reliance on market forces alone is insufficient to deliver on the environmental imperative. The paper outlines the current and planned regulatory regime for the atmospheric emissions from ships and posits that greater, and more diverse, market regulation is required. Alternative general approaches to regulatory compliance are categorised as 'alternative sources of energy' or 'abatement technologies' and the characteristics of a range of specific options are analysed. The paper concludes that although the shipping industry has been slow to improve its environmental credentials, a combination of regulation and technological innovation provides it with significant potential to dramatically reduce its environmental impact. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 377-401 Issue: 4 Volume: 33 Year: 2013 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2013.806604 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2013.806604 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:33:y:2013:i:4:p:377-401 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shreya Das Author-X-Name-First: Shreya Author-X-Name-Last: Das Author-Name: Debapratim Pandit Author-X-Name-First: Debapratim Author-X-Name-Last: Pandit Title: Importance of user perception in evaluating level of service for bus transit for a developing country like India: a review Abstract: Assessment of service quality in bus transit planning has received due attention in recent years from the viewpoint of optimal service allocation. The concept of level of service (LOS) has emerged as an effective tool to measure quality of services. Service-quality assessment provides operators with knowledge on users' satisfaction with existing services and their expected LOSs. The importance of user perception towards assessment of LOS has been acknowledged by researchers. While LOS standards for public transportation have been established by the Transportation Research Board in the USA, researchers have questioned the applicability of these standards in the context of different geographic regions. Since the service delivery environment differs between developed and developing nations, the user perception of service quality varies between these economic regions. Substantial research has been carried out in the context of both developed and developing nations, to identify the bus transit service parameters that affect users' perceived service quality; however, little research exists that establishes LOS thresholds for bus transit, based on user perception. This paper reviews the concept of LOS, describes the importance of user perception in assessment of service quality and identifies the need to establish LOS thresholds for bus transit from user perception for developing countries. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 402-420 Issue: 4 Volume: 33 Year: 2013 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2013.789571 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2013.789571 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:33:y:2013:i:4:p:402-420 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jonas De Vos Author-X-Name-First: Jonas Author-X-Name-Last: De Vos Author-Name: Tim Schwanen Author-X-Name-First: Tim Author-X-Name-Last: Schwanen Author-Name: Veronique Van Acker Author-X-Name-First: Veronique Author-X-Name-Last: Van Acker Author-Name: Frank Witlox Author-X-Name-First: Frank Author-X-Name-Last: Witlox Title: Travel and Subjective Well-Being: A Focus on Findings, Methods and Future Research Needs Abstract: Subjectively experienced well-being has recently attracted increased attention in transport and mobility studies. However, these studies are still in their infancy and many of the multifarious links between travel behaviour and well-being are still under-examined; most studies only focus on one aspect of this link (i.e. travel satisfaction). In this paper, we give an overview of studies concerning travel and well-being, focusing on results, methods and gaps in present research. We suggest that travel behaviour affects well-being through experiences during (destination-oriented) travel, activity participation enabled by travel, activities during (destination-oriented) travel, trips where travel is the activity and through potential travel (or motility). The majority of empirical studies to date have been based on hedonic views of well-being, where pleasure and satisfaction are seen as the ultimate goal in life. They have paid little attention to eudaimonic views of well-being, which emphasise the realisation of one's true potential, although this form of well-being can also be influenced by travel behaviour. We also argue that longer-term decisions, such as residential location choices, can affect well-being through travel. Travel options differ between different kinds of neighbourhoods, which can result in different levels of (feelings of) freedom and consequently different levels of subjective well-being. Since studies at present only show a subset of the travel behaviour-well-being interactions, we conclude the paper with an agenda for future research. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 421-442 Issue: 4 Volume: 33 Year: 2013 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2013.815665 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2013.815665 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:33:y:2013:i:4:p:421-442 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paul Kelly Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Kelly Author-Name: Patricia Krenn Author-X-Name-First: Patricia Author-X-Name-Last: Krenn Author-Name: Sylvia Titze Author-X-Name-First: Sylvia Author-X-Name-Last: Titze Author-Name: Peter Stopher Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Stopher Author-Name: Charlie Foster Author-X-Name-First: Charlie Author-X-Name-Last: Foster Title: Quantifying the Difference Between Self-Reported and Global Positioning Systems-Measured Journey Durations: A Systematic Review Abstract: Accurate measurement of travel behaviour is vital for transport planning, modelling, public health epidemiology, and assessing the impact of travel interventions. Self-reported diaries and questionnaires are traditionally used as measurement tools; advances in Global Positioning Systems (GPS) technology allow for comparison. This review aimed to identify and report about studies comparing self-reported and GPS-measured journey durations. We systematically searched, appraised, and analysed published and unpublished articles from electronic databases, reference lists, bibliographies, and websites up to December 2012. Included studies used GPS and self-report to investigate trip duration. The average trip duration from each measure was compared and an aggregated, pooled estimate of the difference, weighted by number of trips, was calculated. We found 12 results from eight eligible studies. All studies showed self-reported journey times were greater than GPS-measured times. The difference between self-report and GPS times ranged from over-reporting of +2.2 to +13.5 minutes per journey. The aggregated, pooled estimate of the difference, weighted by number of trips, was over-report of +4.4 minutes (+28.6%). Studies comparing self-reported and GPS-measured journey duration have shown self-reported to be consistently over-reported across the study sample. Our findings suggest that when using self-reported journey behaviour, the journey durations should be treated as an over-estimation. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 443-459 Issue: 4 Volume: 33 Year: 2013 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2013.815288 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2013.815288 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:33:y:2013:i:4:p:443-459 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Su-Han Woo Author-X-Name-First: Su-Han Author-X-Name-Last: Woo Author-Name: Dong-Joon Kang Author-X-Name-First: Dong-Joon Author-X-Name-Last: Kang Author-Name: Sally Martin Author-X-Name-First: Sally Author-X-Name-Last: Martin Title: Seaport Research: An Analysis of Research Collaboration using Social Network Analysis Abstract: The collaboration of researchers has become the norm due to the increasingly interdisciplinary and complex characteristics of modern science. Many studies in informatics and various disciplines including logistics and supply chain management have explored how researchers conduct collaborative works and have shown a strong relationship between collaboration and research productivity. In seaport research, however, research collaboration has not been studied even though this may provide useful information about collaboration patterns, networks, behavior, and especially the effect on growth of port research. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to explore how maritime researchers and institutions have collaborated in port research and examine whether the collaboration has increased publishing productivity. This study uses co-authorship as an indicator of research collaboration and the number of papers as an indicator of research productivity. Using a database of academic papers published in English-language international journals for the last three decades (1980-2009), descriptive statistics show a growth in levels of co-authorship by decade and international geography of research collaboration. Social network analysis is then used to draw a map of collaboration and reveals the structure and decadal change of these collaborative networks. The analysis also shows who and which institutions have been at the center of port research and how co-authorship and collaboration have affected productivity of researchers and institutions over the period. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 460-475 Issue: 4 Volume: 33 Year: 2013 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2013.786766 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2013.786766 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:33:y:2013:i:4:p:460-475 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Morales-Fusco Author-X-Name-First: P. Author-X-Name-Last: Morales-Fusco Author-Name: S. Saurí Author-X-Name-First: S. Author-X-Name-Last: Saurí Author-Name: G. De Melo Author-X-Name-First: G. Author-X-Name-Last: De Melo Title: Short Sea Shipping in Supply Chains. A Strategic Assessment Abstract: The feasibility of implementing short sea shipping (SSS) between two specific ports has been typically approached on the operative level, in terms of time and cost for a specific origin-destination pair. This paper focuses on the strategic level. Particularly, its goal is to study the potential of SSS in different industrial sectors by analysing their freight-distribution strategies. To achieve the objective, some standard freight-distribution strategies are defined based on the requirements of the industry, the demand and the product being transported. The information is complemented with a survey of more than 100 Spanish companies distributing internationally. As a result it is concluded that there are economies of scale related to the size of the carrier (the ship) and its capacity to absorb the variability in demand. This potential increases with the cargo value. Additionally, a framework of supply/distribution chains is provided which can help to identify potential customers/sectors and the feasibility of new potential shipping lines. The value of this paper resides in its approach (strategic, instead of operational/tactical), and the solid groundwork point provided for future researchers. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 476-496 Issue: 4 Volume: 33 Year: 2013 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2013.786765 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2013.786765 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:33:y:2013:i:4:p:476-496 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nikolas Thomopoulos Author-X-Name-First: Nikolas Author-X-Name-Last: Thomopoulos Title: Transport and Ethics: ethics and the evaluation of transport policies and projects Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 497-498 Issue: 4 Volume: 33 Year: 2013 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2013.821188 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2013.821188 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:33:y:2013:i:4:p:497-498 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Antonio Ferreira Author-X-Name-First: Antonio Author-X-Name-Last: Ferreira Author-Name: Greg Marsden Author-X-Name-First: Greg Author-X-Name-Last: Marsden Author-Name: Marco Te Brömmelstroet Author-X-Name-First: Marco Author-X-Name-Last: Te Brömmelstroet Title: What Curriculum for Mobility and Transport Studies? A Critical Exploration Abstract: To understand the complex meanings of mobility and to engage in transport planning and management processes, a variety of disciplines, skills, and tools are potentially useful. Universities have a limited amount of time and resources to train future professionals though. This poses a problem: where should the teaching priorities be? By means of a web-survey, this study has asked academics based at a number of universities what the disciplines, skills, and tools that -- according to their personal viewpoints -- are the most relevant for practitioners in the mobility and transport sector. The respondents generally support curricula that facilitate a holistic, non-specialised, understanding of mobility and transport issues. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 501-525 Issue: 5 Volume: 33 Year: 2013 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2013.827266 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2013.827266 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:33:y:2013:i:5:p:501-525 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Scott Le Vine Author-X-Name-First: Scott Author-X-Name-Last: Le Vine Author-Name: Peter Jones Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Jones Author-Name: John Polak Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Polak Title: The Contribution of Benefit-in-Kind Taxation Policy in Britain to the 'Peak Car' Phenomenon Abstract: Car use per person has historically grown year-on-year in Great Britain since the 1950s, with minor exceptions during fuel crises and times of economic recession. The 'Peak Car' hypothesis proposes that this historical trend no longer applies. The British National Travel Survey provides evidence of such an aggregate levelling off in car mileage per person since the mid-1990s, but further analysis shows that this is the result of counter trends netting out: in particular, a reduction in per capita male driving mileage being offset by a corresponding increase in female car driving mileage. A major contributory factor to the decline in male car use has been a sharp reduction in average company car mileage per person. This paper investigates this aspect in more detail. Use of company cars fell sharply in Britain from the 1990s up to the 2008 recession. Over the same period, taxation policy towards company cars became more onerous, with increasing levels of taxation on the benefit-in-kind value of the ownership of a company car and on the provision of free fuel for private use. The paper sets out the changes in taxation policy affecting company cars in the UK, and looks at the associated reductions in company car ownership (including free fuel) and patterns of use. It goes on to look in more detail at which groups of the population have kept company cars and in which parts of the country they have been most used, and how these patterns have changed over time. A preliminary investigation is also made of possible substitution effects between company car and personal car driving and between company car use and rail travel. Clearly, the role of the company car is only one of many factors that are contributing to aggregate changes in levels of car use in Great Britain, alongside demographic changes and a wide range of policy initiatives. But, company car use cannot fall below zero, so the effect of declining year-on-year company car mileage suppressing overall car traffic levels cannot continue indefinitely. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 526-547 Issue: 5 Volume: 33 Year: 2013 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2013.827267 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2013.827267 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:33:y:2013:i:5:p:526-547 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jose Tongzon Author-X-Name-First: Jose Author-X-Name-Last: Tongzon Author-Name: Hong-Oanh Nguyen Author-X-Name-First: Hong-Oanh Author-X-Name-Last: Nguyen Title: ICT Adoption among Logistics Companies in ASEAN Countries Abstract: In this era of globalization, adoption of information and communication technology (ICT) is one of the critical determinants of logistics companies' competitiveness and growth. This is especially so for the ASEAN countries as they pursue the vision of regional economic development and integration. Existing empirical studies on ICT adoption by logistics companies in developing countries are, however, scarce and have limited theoretical support and so far no comparative analysis of ICT adoption among ASEAN logistics companies and its determinants has been undertaken. This paper investigates the level of ICT adoption among ASEAN logistics companies and also develops an investment-based model to explain it. The model is evaluated with logistic regression using firm-level data collected from interviews with a sample of ASEAN logistics companies. The study finds that ICT adoption level varies significantly among the ASEAN countries and provides an empirical support for an investment-based view of ICT adoption. It also finds no further evidence for the relevance of the institutional theory to the ASEAN logistics industry. These findings have important strategic and policy implications for the ASEAN policy-makers and logistics industry. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 548-569 Issue: 5 Volume: 33 Year: 2013 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2013.818592 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2013.818592 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:33:y:2013:i:5:p:548-569 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ricardo A. Daziano Author-X-Name-First: Ricardo A. Author-X-Name-Last: Daziano Author-Name: Luis Miranda-Moreno Author-X-Name-First: Luis Author-X-Name-Last: Miranda-Moreno Author-Name: Shahram Heydari Author-X-Name-First: Shahram Author-X-Name-Last: Heydari Title: Computational Bayesian Statistics in Transportation Modeling: From Road Safety Analysis to Discrete Choice Abstract: In this paper, we review both the fundamentals and the expansion of computational Bayesian econometrics and statistics applied to transportation modeling problems in road safety analysis and travel behavior. Whereas for analyzing accident risk in transportation networks there has been a significant increase in the application of hierarchical Bayes methods, in transportation choice modeling, the use of Bayes estimators is rather scarce. We thus provide a general discussion of the benefits of using Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo methods to simulate answers to the problems of point and interval estimation and forecasting, including the use of the simulated posterior for building predictive distributions and constructing credible intervals for measures such as the value of time. Although there is the general idea that going Bayesian is just another way of finding an equivalent to frequentist results, in practice Bayes estimators have the potential of outperforming frequentist estimators and, at the same time, may offer more information. Additionally, Bayesian inference is particularly interesting for small samples and weakly identified models. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 570-592 Issue: 5 Volume: 33 Year: 2013 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2013.829890 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2013.829890 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:33:y:2013:i:5:p:570-592 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yok Hoe Yap Author-X-Name-First: Yok Hoe Author-X-Name-Last: Yap Author-Name: Helen M. Gibson Author-X-Name-First: Helen M. Author-X-Name-Last: Gibson Author-Name: Ben J. Waterson Author-X-Name-First: Ben J. Author-X-Name-Last: Waterson Title: An International Review of Roundabout Capacity Modelling Abstract: Roundabouts are an increasingly common form of road junction worldwide, and their effective design requires a detailed analysis of maximum vehicle throughput capacities. In this paper, the worldwide state-of-the-art in roundabout capacity modelling is examined, covering the three main methodologies on which models are based: fully-empirical, gap acceptance and simulation. It is shown that due to their limitations, each of these methodologies on their own cannot completely explain the complex behavioural and physical processes involved in roundabout entries, hence all the models require strong semi-empirical or fully-empirical bases using data obtained from their countries of origin. Differences in driver behaviour and methodologies thus result in differences in predicted capacities by the various models, and although local calibration allows some transferability, it is often limited by the availability of data or an incomplete understanding of the relationships between model parameters and capacity. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 593-616 Issue: 5 Volume: 33 Year: 2013 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2013.830160 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2013.830160 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:33:y:2013:i:5:p:593-616 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris Author-X-Name-First: Anastasia Author-X-Name-Last: Loukaitou-Sideris Author-Name: Harrison Higgins Author-X-Name-First: Harrison Author-X-Name-Last: Higgins Author-Name: Matthew Piven Author-X-Name-First: Matthew Author-X-Name-Last: Piven Author-Name: Wenbin Wei Author-X-Name-First: Wenbin Author-X-Name-Last: Wei Title: Tracks to Change or Mixed Signals? A Review of the Anglo-Saxon Literature on the Economic and Spatial Impacts of High-Speed Rail Abstract: The economic development and spatial impacts of high-speed rail (HSR) are quite varied and mixed. Studies of economic impacts of HSR fall into two categories: predictions and empirical observations. We first review studies that examine predicted HSR impacts related to job growth, real estate development, and other economic effects. These are followed by studies examining observed effects of realized projects using the same categories. Several patterns emerge. Predictive studies are largely optimistic of the rail's positive effects. On the other hand, observational studies tend to identify both benefits and shortfalls. Yet, neither of these patterns are universal and depend on a number of other factors. One consistent pattern is that gains associated with HSR appear to be stronger in first-tier cities. Nevertheless, certain small towns and second-tier cities have undergone noteworthy transformations as a result of HSR, especially where the public sector has actively pursued new investment. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 617-633 Issue: 6 Volume: 33 Year: 2013 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2013.836578 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2013.836578 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:33:y:2013:i:6:p:617-633 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Louise Reardon Author-X-Name-First: Louise Author-X-Name-Last: Reardon Author-Name: Saamah Abdallah Author-X-Name-First: Saamah Author-X-Name-Last: Abdallah Title: Well-being and Transport: Taking Stock and Looking Forward Abstract: It is only recently that researchers have attempted to directly link transport to models of well-being and in turn try to map transport's linkages to well-being outcomes. This paper seeks to add to this new literature by introducing a dynamic model of well-being, which highlights the different domains that make up well-being, and in turn -- through providing one of the most holistic and comprehensive discussions of the current well-being literature -- provide an evaluation of our current understanding of transport's relationship to well-being. The paper also seeks to highlight the different dimensions and complexities of seeking to monitor and improve well-being through transport policy. It will in turn be argued that the varied and complex sets of outcomes that arise from transport policy interventions, and the multiple ways in which they affect well-being, make a well-being approach (that measures policy outcomes in terms of units of well-being) of particular value for policy-makers. However, due to the complexities in comparing positive well-being outcomes, it is argued that the best use of well-being evidence for the transport sector may be to try to minimise the negative effects on well-being caused by policy outcomes. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 634-657 Issue: 6 Volume: 33 Year: 2013 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2013.837117 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2013.837117 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:33:y:2013:i:6:p:634-657 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jingyi Lin Author-X-Name-First: Jingyi Author-X-Name-Last: Lin Author-Name: Yifang Ban Author-X-Name-First: Yifang Author-X-Name-Last: Ban Title: Complex Network Topology of Transportation Systems Abstract: As a strategic factor for a country to survive in the global competition, transportation systems have attracted extensive attention from different disciplines for a long time. Since the introduction of complex network theory in the last decade, however, studies on transport systems have witnessed dramatic progress. Most roads, streets, and rails are organized as a network pattern, while link flows, travel time, or geographical distance are regarded as weights. In this article, the authors will present the current state of topological research on transportation systems under a complex network framework, as well as the efforts and challenges that have been made in the last decade. First, different kinds of transportation systems should be generalized as networks in different ways, which will be explained in the first part of this paper. We follow this by summarizing network measures that describe topological characteristics of transportation networks. Then we discuss the empirical observations from the last decade on real transportation systems at a variety of spatial scales. This paper concludes with some important challenges and open research frontiers in this field. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 658-685 Issue: 6 Volume: 33 Year: 2013 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2013.848955 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2013.848955 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:33:y:2013:i:6:p:658-685 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Taotao Deng Author-X-Name-First: Taotao Author-X-Name-Last: Deng Title: Impacts of Transport Infrastructure on Productivity and Economic Growth: Recent Advances and Research Challenges Abstract: The paper provides an update of the survey focusing on estimating the contribution of transport infrastructure to productivity and economic growth. The central questions addressed are possible reasons behind the conflicting results reported in the literature on the elasticity of economic output with respect to transport infrastructure investment. After providing a systematic review of recent empirical studies on the effects of transport infrastructure on productivity and economic growth, the paper notes that controversial results can be attributed to ten causes (grouped into three categories for distinguishing): (1) related to different contexts: research period, geographical scales, and country's capability in enabling economic development; (2) related to different phenomena that are being measured: different economic sectors, different types of transport infrastructure, and different quality levels of transport infrastructure; and (3) related to distinct ways of measuring a similar phenomenon: measures used to describe the dependent variable and explanatory variable, functional specification, and estimation method of the econometric model. Strong network externalities of transport infrastructure may result in nonlinearity of the relationship between transport infrastructure and economic growth. Moreover, the absence of spatial concerns in infrastructure's impacts is another important source of inconclusive results. Finally, building on recent literature, the paper has discussed policy implications and identified several research avenues for further research. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 686-699 Issue: 6 Volume: 33 Year: 2013 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2013.851745 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2013.851745 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:33:y:2013:i:6:p:686-699 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lotte Verdonck Author-X-Name-First: Lotte Author-X-Name-Last: Verdonck Author-Name: AN Caris Author-X-Name-First: AN Author-X-Name-Last: Caris Author-Name: Katrien Ramaekers Author-X-Name-First: Katrien Author-X-Name-Last: Ramaekers Author-Name: Gerrit K. Janssens Author-X-Name-First: Gerrit K. Author-X-Name-Last: Janssens Title: Collaborative Logistics from the Perspective of Road Transportation Companies Abstract: To survive under the ever increasing competitive and global pressures to operate more efficiently, transportation companies are obliged to adopt a collaborative focus. Various types of cooperative supply chain relationships have been discussed in both professional and academic literature over the last decades. However, research on horizontal cooperation in logistics remains scarce and scattered across various research domains. Companies operating at the same level of the supply chain and performing comparable logistics functions may cooperate horizontally to increase their productivity, improve their service level and enhance their market position. In this paper, the focus is on the operational planning of horizontal cooperations between road transportation carriers. Following a scientific literature review, a distinction may be made between two operational approaches to horizontal logistics collaboration: order sharing and capacity sharing. For both research streams, a detailed overview of solution techniques proposed in literature is presented. Moreover, some interesting opportunities for future research are identified. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 700-719 Issue: 6 Volume: 33 Year: 2013 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2013.853706 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2013.853706 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:33:y:2013:i:6:p:700-719 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Moshe Givoni Author-X-Name-First: Moshe Author-X-Name-Last: Givoni Author-Name: Frédéric Dobruszkes Author-X-Name-First: Frédéric Author-X-Name-Last: Dobruszkes Title: A Review of Ex-Post Evidence for Mode Substitution and Induced Demand Following the Introduction of High-Speed Rail Abstract: To date, relatively little is known about the nature of the demand for high-speed rail (HSR) soon after inauguration of the services, despite close to 50-year experience of HSR operation and 17 166 km of HSR network around the world. This is a real lacuna given the scale of HSR construction around the world, the amount of resources committed to it, the desired accessibility, economic and environmental effects associated with HSR development and the relatively poor track record of forecasting demand for HSR services. Focusing on mode substitution and induced demand effects, this review aims to fill the gap in knowledge about the ex-post demand for HSR services in order to facilitate a learning process for the planning of the future HSR network. Although there is not much evidence on the demand for HSR services and existing evidence is largely influenced by route-specific characteristics, a methodological limitation that must be acknowledged, the evidence presented allows a better characterisation of HSR as a mode of transport. The review shows that the demand for HSR a few years after inauguration is about 10--20% induced demand and the rest is attributed to mode substitution. In terms of mode substitution, in most cases the majority of HSR passengers have used the conventional rail before. Substitution from aircraft, car and coach is generally more modest. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 720-742 Issue: 6 Volume: 33 Year: 2013 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2013.853707 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2013.853707 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:33:y:2013:i:6:p:720-742 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bert Van Wee Author-X-Name-First: Bert Author-X-Name-Last: Van Wee Author-Name: Sabine Roeser Author-X-Name-First: Sabine Author-X-Name-Last: Roeser Title: Ethical Theories and the Cost--Benefit Analysis-Based Ex Ante Evaluation of Transport Policies and Plans Abstract: In the policy analysis community it is widely recognized that 'sound' policies meet three criteria: effectiveness, efficiency and equity. In most western countries, cost--benefit analysis (CBA) is currently the standard method to ex ante evaluate transport policy options. It scores high for effectiveness and efficiency, but generally ignores equity and other ethically important implications of policies. The CBA has its roots in the ethical theory of utilitarianism. However, both utilitarianism and CBA have faced many objections. We present alternative ethical theories, based on deontological theories and contractarianism. We discuss how these theories can inspire the ex ante evaluation of transport policy options. We argue that in order to come to a moral evaluation of transport policies we need a context-sensitive approach. According to such an approach, there is a plurality of morally relevant features that have to be balanced per situation. We argue that such a context-sensitive approach is more appropriate than a priori selecting one theory such as utilitarianism, as such a theory is not appropriate in all possibly relevant circumstances. Consequently, by being based on utilitarianism, CBA overlooks issues of justice, fairness, and autonomy that are morally relevant to an evaluation of transport policies. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 743-760 Issue: 6 Volume: 33 Year: 2013 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2013.854281 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2013.854281 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:33:y:2013:i:6:p:743-760 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter White Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: White Title: Transport Survey Methods: Best Practice for Decision Making Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 761-762 Issue: 6 Volume: 33 Year: 2013 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2013.860498 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2013.860498 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:33:y:2013:i:6:p:761-762 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Banister Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Banister Title: Where to Start? Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 1-3 Issue: 1 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2013.874131 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2013.874131 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:1:p:1-3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Susan Handy Author-X-Name-First: Susan Author-X-Name-Last: Handy Author-Name: Bert van Wee Author-X-Name-First: Bert Author-X-Name-Last: van Wee Author-Name: Maarten Kroesen Author-X-Name-First: Maarten Author-X-Name-Last: Kroesen Title: Promoting Cycling for Transport: Research Needs and Challenges Abstract: AbstractCycling as a mode of transportation has many advantages for both cyclists and society: it is a low-cost, low-polluting, health-improving way to travel. In light of these benefits, a growing number of cities throughout the world are implementing policies to promote cycling, though they continue to struggle to identify the most effective ways to spend their limited resources. In response, transport researchers are also increasingly focusing their efforts on cycling, addressing a broader range of questions than in the past, including: how much cycling is there? What strategies will increase cycling? What are the benefits of increased cycling? This paper reviews the challenges that researchers face in providing answers to these questions by highlighting limitations of the existing research, identifying remaining research needs, and discussing methodological considerations for addressing those needs. Investments in cycling research can pay off by providing a basis for identifying the most effective strategies for increasing cycling and providing more accurate estimates of the benefits that would accrue. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 4-24 Issue: 1 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2013.860204 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2013.860204 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:1:p:4-24 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gina Porter Author-X-Name-First: Gina Author-X-Name-Last: Porter Title: Transport Services and Their Impact on Poverty and Growth in Rural Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of Recent Research and Future Research Needs Abstract: AbstractThis paper reviews recent transport services research in rural sub-Saharan Africa, with reference to the crucial significance of transport services for reducing poverty and encouraging growth. It focuses on issues key to improved well-being: generation of direct employment, broader economic effects on agricultural and off-farm activities, and social effects regarding health and education. Throughout, the emphasis is on implications for vulnerable groups. Attention is drawn to the potential of recent developments, notably connectivities associated with motorcycle taxis and the rapid expansion of mobile phones. Significant knowledge gaps in the transport services arena are identified, from impacts of climate change, conflict and pedestrian porterage to the economic valuation of transport, village transport operations and road safety. Suggestions are made regarding the type of studies and methods which could help to reduce some of these gaps. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 25-45 Issue: 1 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2013.865148 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2013.865148 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:1:p:25-45 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Giselle Moraes Ramos Author-X-Name-First: Giselle Moraes Author-X-Name-Last: Ramos Author-Name: Winnie Daamen Author-X-Name-First: Winnie Author-X-Name-Last: Daamen Author-Name: Serge Hoogendoorn Author-X-Name-First: Serge Author-X-Name-Last: Hoogendoorn Title: A State-of-the-Art Review: Developments in Utility Theory, Prospect Theory and Regret Theory to Investigate Travellers' Behaviour in Situations Involving Travel Time Uncertainty Abstract: AbstractDespite the wide use of utility theory to model travellers' behaviour, the interest in non-expected utility theories has increased due to their potential to capture more realistic behaviour. A main question raised is whether travellers are better described as utility maximizers or should be qualified differently.This paper presents a literature review on the use of expected utility theory (EUT), prospect theory (PT) and regret theory (RT) to model travellers' behaviour. Gaps in the literature are identified and a discussion about advantages and disadvantages of each theory is presented. A case study illustrates the differences between the theories.Under certain conditions, PT and RT restrict themselves to EUT. Their added value, however, is the possibility of capturing loss aversion, risk aversion and risk-seeking (PT) and regret aversion (RT). On the practical level, the use of EUT is well established, while contributions of PT and RT are marginal. On the theoretical level, however, RT seems to be (marginally) more suitable to model travellers' behaviour, while EUT and PT are equally suitable. This suggests that the large use of EUT is highly influenced by its very tractable framework. We do not claim the superiority of any theory, but propose to compare them through a systematic review. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 46-67 Issue: 1 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2013.856356 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2013.856356 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:1:p:46-67 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martijn R. van der Horst Author-X-Name-First: Martijn R. Author-X-Name-Last: van der Horst Author-Name: Larissa M. van der Lugt Author-X-Name-First: Larissa M. Author-X-Name-Last: van der Lugt Title: An Institutional Analysis of Coordination in Liberalized Port-related Railway Chains: An Application to the Port of Rotterdam Abstract: AbstractThe European railway market has gone through a period of liberalization over the last two decades. The liberalization of the railway market has also affected port-related railway transport. Efficient port-related transport chains are key in the competition among ports, however providing this efficiency is to a large extent a coordination challenge. Many forms of coordination are needed to ensure that the railway chain operates efficiently, including the bundling of cargo, and good organization between railway companies, terminal operators and the infrastructure managers to realize an efficient use of assets. From the literature, it appears that less attention has been paid to the economic organization of port-related railway transport in general, and specifically in the new liberalized institutional environment. The goal of this paper is to come up with a framework to better understand the issue of coordination in port-related railway chains in a liberalized institutional environment. This paper presents a conceptual framework rooted in Transaction Cost Economics (TCE). Based on an in-depth study into coordination in liberalized container railway market at the Port of Rotterdam, empirical illustrations are used to adjust the TCE approach toward a dynamic model influenced by Douglas North's theory on economic and institutional change. Empirics from the port of Rotterdam show that new players have entered the railway market and their role has changed. This paper shows that coordination of railway operations has become more complex after the regime change. From a port perspective, liberalization does not lead to an optimal allocation of resources in a process that is highly operationally interdependent. In the liberalized environment, coordination arrangements are necessary to enable efficient coordination of railway operations in Rotterdam. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 68-85 Issue: 1 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2013.874379 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2013.874379 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:1:p:68-85 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jamie Montague Fischer Author-X-Name-First: Jamie Montague Author-X-Name-Last: Fischer Author-Name: Mshadoni Smith Author-X-Name-First: Mshadoni Author-X-Name-Last: Smith Author-Name: Adjo Amekudzi Kennedy Author-X-Name-First: Adjo Amekudzi Author-X-Name-Last: Kennedy Title: Why and How to Use Customer Opinions: A Quality-of-Life and Customer Satisfaction-Oriented Foundation for Performance-Based Decision-Making Abstract: AbstractThe concepts of 'customer satisfaction' (CS) and 'quality of life' (QOL) have both been used, on a limited basis, in strategic planning and performance measurement at state departments of transportation. However, the meanings and usefulness of these concepts are still unclear or evolving to many practitioners. Based on a review of the literature and customer opinion data collected for various transportation studies in the USA and Europe, this paper offers two important contributions to the transportation literature. The paper clarifies the relationship between the CS and QOL concepts, placing CS in the broader context of customer opinions and subjective well-being. The paper then identifies six categories of survey tools for collecting customer opinions, describing how each can be used within a performance management framework to reveal the QOL impacts of transportation decisions. Agencies can use the definitions, conceptual relationships, performance measures, and decision-making processes discussed in this paper to refine their performance management programs, to better understand customer and public perceptions, and to make systematic progress toward their QOL oriented goals. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 86-101 Issue: 1 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2013.875078 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2013.875078 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:1:p:86-101 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chi-Hong (Patrick) Tsai Author-X-Name-First: Chi-Hong (Patrick) Author-X-Name-Last: Tsai Author-Name: Corinne Mulley Author-X-Name-First: Corinne Author-X-Name-Last: Mulley Author-Name: Geoffrey Clifton Author-X-Name-First: Geoffrey Author-X-Name-Last: Clifton Title: A Review of Pseudo Panel Data Approach in Estimating Short-run and Long-run Public Transport Demand Elasticities Abstract: AbstractThe distinctions between short-run and long-run public transport demand elasticities have been highlighted in the literature, but the identification of long-run travel demand has been constrained by existing research methodology and the unavailability of longitudinal travel survey data. The pseudo panel data approach using repeated cross-sectional data has been suggested as an alternative to conducting a longitudinal travel demand analysis when genuine panel data are not available. This paper comprehensively reviews the background and the current practices of pseudo panel data research, and introduces the challenges in applied research that need further investigation, particularly for public transport. A case study using the Sydney Household Travel Survey data is presented to demonstrate pseudo panel data construction and to identify the short-run and long-run public transport demand elasticities using a pseudo panel data approach. The research findings suggest that the public transport demand elasticity of price in Sydney is - 0.22 in the short run and - 0.29 in the long run. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 102-121 Issue: 1 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2013.875079 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2013.875079 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:1:p:102-121 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marco te Brömmelstroet Author-X-Name-First: Marco te Author-X-Name-Last: Brömmelstroet Title: Moving Towards Low Carbon Mobility Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 122-123 Issue: 1 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2013.879236 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2013.879236 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:1:p:122-123 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Moshe Givoni Author-X-Name-First: Moshe Author-X-Name-Last: Givoni Title: What to Review? Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 125-127 Issue: 2 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.891361 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.891361 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:2:p:125-127 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Susan Grant-Muller Author-X-Name-First: Susan Author-X-Name-Last: Grant-Muller Author-Name: Meng Xu Author-X-Name-First: Meng Author-X-Name-Last: Xu Title: The Role of Tradable Credit Schemes in Road Traffic Congestion Management Abstract: Road traffic congestion is not yet reflected in current market prices within the sector and has given rise to a number of instruments to mitigate the resulting negative impacts. The focus of this paper is the tradable credit scheme - an incentive-based economic measure - in order to address traffic congestion. The research questions are (1) whether the state-of-the-art in the literature suggests that tradable credit schemes could be feasibly introduced to mitigate congestion, and (2) whether a tradable credit scheme could have advantages over other instruments. A brief outline of congestion mitigation approaches is provided first to position this type of economic instrument with respect to other measures. The broad issues in the design of a tradable credit scheme are then presented. Most research to date has focused on the use of tradable credits to manage related pollution, but it is clear there is potential to design a scheme for traffic congestion management. To date this is a novel review of tradable credit schemes that has focused specifically on their role in road traffic congestion management. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 128-149 Issue: 2 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.880754 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.880754 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:2:p:128-149 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Ortega Author-X-Name-First: A. Author-X-Name-Last: Ortega Author-Name: J.M. Vassallo Author-X-Name-First: J.M. Author-X-Name-Last: Vassallo Author-Name: A.F. Guzmán Author-X-Name-First: A.F. Author-X-Name-Last: Guzmán Author-Name: P.J. Pérez-Martínez Author-X-Name-First: P.J. Author-X-Name-Last: Pérez-Martínez Title: Are Longer and Heavier Vehicles (LHVs) Beneficial for Society? A Cost Benefit Analysis to Evaluate their Potential Implementation in Spain Abstract: In this paper we carry out a thorough review of the current research related to the benefits and costs arising from the implementation of longer and heavier vehicles (LHVs). From this review we concluded that despite the many studies available, little has been said about the sensitivity of the benefits and costs to the ultimate performance of the key variables related to the evolution of the economy, road transport performance, safety, and so on. In order to fill this gap, we have designed a sensitivity approach based on a cost benefit analysis tool to determine which variables demonstrate the greatest influence on the benefits and costs stemming from the implementation of LHVs. In order to test the methodology, we have used it in an analysis of the Spanish trunk network. The results show that the benefits of LHVs for society are significant. Even in the least favorable scenario, the economic benefits are greater than €3500 million over 15 years, and the environment enhanced as well, for CO2 emissions are reduced by 2 Million tonnes. Overall we noted how the results are not very sensitive to the evolution of key variables in determining the final outcome. However, we found that the variables that have the greatest affect on the final benefit, such as traffic growth and social discount rate, depend basically on the performance of the overall economy. Moreover, the private cost for haulers seems to be more important in determining the final benefit than externality costs. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 150-168 Issue: 2 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.891161 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.891161 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:2:p:150-168 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jasmine Siu Lee Lam Author-X-Name-First: Jasmine Siu Lee Author-X-Name-Last: Lam Author-Name: Theo Notteboom Author-X-Name-First: Theo Author-X-Name-Last: Notteboom Title: The Greening of Ports: A Comparison of Port Management Tools Used by Leading Ports in Asia and Europe Abstract: From the policy and management perspective, this study aims to investigate the port management tools that port/public authorities have at their disposal and then to analyse to what extent the tools are used to enforce or encourage green port development at functional activities of port operations and development. We conduct an exploratory and comparative review based on two axes: on the one hand, the range of tools available to port authorities (pricing, monitoring and measuring, market access control and environmental standard regulation) and on the other hand, the functional activities in ports (shipping traffic, cargo handling and storage operations, intermodal connection, industrial activities, and port expansion). The situations in the leading ports in Asia and Europe, namely Singapore, Shanghai, Antwerp and Rotterdam are studied and compared, whereby the policies' effectiveness is discussed accordingly. Findings show that the ports are particularly mature in exercising environmental standard regulations which reveals that the enforcement approach is more prevalent. The most focused functional activity is shipping traffic which reflects that the ports are driven by the International Maritime Organisation. The respective port authorities in Antwerp and Rotterdam have a higher level of influence on devising green port policy in comparison to the two Asian ports. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 169-189 Issue: 2 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.891162 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.891162 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:2:p:169-189 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Auttapone Karndacharuk Author-X-Name-First: Auttapone Author-X-Name-Last: Karndacharuk Author-Name: Douglas J. Wilson Author-X-Name-First: Douglas J. Author-X-Name-Last: Wilson Author-Name: Roger Dunn Author-X-Name-First: Roger Author-X-Name-Last: Dunn Title: A Review of the Evolution of Shared (Street) Space Concepts in Urban Environments Abstract: This paper aims to clearly establish the origin and evolution of the shared space concept from a New Zealand perspective by reviewing the literature in the disciplines of both urban design and transportation engineering. The review process involves investigating the use and function of a public road space in the context of the changing of public expectations and how this can relate to a number of interconnected street design approaches (e.g. traffic calming and self-explaining roads (SERs)). These approaches have been used to minimise the influence of motor vehicles since the beginning of the automobile era. The shared space concept, when applied in public road environments in activity centres, has increasingly been embraced by urban planners, transportation engineers and regulatory agencies. A shared space diverges from a conventional road where all road users are encouraged to legitimately occupy the same road space with little physical separation. To achieve this in a safe and efficient manner, the design aims to reduce the dominance of the motor vehicle by promoting pedestrian and cycling activity and utilising the road space as a 'place' in addition to its 'transport' mobility and access purposes. Given the fundamental conceptual differentiation between a traffic-calmed street and a shared space, the paper argues that there are certain design elements, constituting a shared space, and without them, it would be difficult for a public street to function as a genuine shared space for all road users. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 190-220 Issue: 2 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.893038 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.893038 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:2:p:190-220 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alexander Y. Bigazzi Author-X-Name-First: Alexander Y. Author-X-Name-Last: Bigazzi Author-Name: Miguel A. Figliozzi Author-X-Name-First: Miguel A. Author-X-Name-Last: Figliozzi Title: Review of Urban Bicyclists' Intake and Uptake of Traffic-Related Air Pollution Abstract: Bicycling as a mode of transportation is enjoying a boost in many urban areas around the world. Although there are clear health benefits of increased physical activity while bicycling, bicyclists may experience increased inhalation of traffic-related air pollutants. Bicyclists have two to five times higher respiration rates than travelers in motorized vehicles and this difference increases with bicycle travel speed and exertion level. The main goal of this work is to review the state of knowledge regarding urban bicyclists' intake and uptake of traffic-related air pollution and to identify key knowledge gaps. This review includes not only bicyclists' exposure to air pollution concentrations but also respiration rates, intake doses (the amount of pollutant that is inhaled), and uptake doses (the amount of pollutant that is incorporated into the body). Research gaps and opportunities for future research are discussed. This is the first review to specifically address bicyclists' health risks from traffic-related air pollution and to explicitly include intake and uptake doses in addition to exposure concentrations for travelers. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 221-245 Issue: 2 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.897772 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.897772 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:2:p:221-245 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andrés Gómez-Lobo Author-X-Name-First: Andrés Author-X-Name-Last: Gómez-Lobo Author-Name: Julio Briones Author-X-Name-First: Julio Author-X-Name-Last: Briones Title: Incentives in Bus Concession Contracts: A Review of Several Experiences in Latin America Abstract: This paper reviews the incentive structure of concession contracts in several Latin American transit reforms. It also presents a conceptual analysis of the optimal design of concession contracts. The conceptual discussion and case studies reviewed indicate that payment to operators should be linked to operational variables and that some demand risk should optimally be transferred to operators. Performance standards linked to fines and penalties are not sufficient to guarantee good quality of service, particularly in citywide reforms and where institutional capacity - in terms of size, experience and expertise of staff - is lacking and regulatory processes are slow, bureaucratic and cumbersome. This review may be useful for policy-makers designing transit reforms in other countries. The policy lessons of the paper are particularly relevant to cities in the developing world but they are also important for reforms in other countries. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 246-265 Issue: 2 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.895451 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.895451 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:2:p:246-265 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rachel Aldred Author-X-Name-First: Rachel Author-X-Name-Last: Aldred Title: Promoting Walking and Cycling: New Perspectives on Sustainable Travel Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 266-267 Issue: 2 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.887596 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.887596 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:2:p:266-267 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nadav Levy Author-X-Name-First: Nadav Author-X-Name-Last: Levy Title: Parking Reform Made Easy Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 267-269 Issue: 2 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.890257 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.890257 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:2:p:267-269 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maria Attard Author-X-Name-First: Maria Author-X-Name-Last: Attard Title: Transition Towards Sustainable Mobility. The Role of Instruments, Individuals and Institutions Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 269-270 Issue: 2 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.890679 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.890679 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:2:p:269-270 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Steven Harrod Author-X-Name-First: Steven Author-X-Name-Last: Harrod Title: Trains Across Borders; Comparative Studies on International Cooperation in Railway Development Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 271-272 Issue: 2 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.893039 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.893039 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:2:p:271-272 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael Browne Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Browne Title: Moving Freight Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 273-275 Issue: 3 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.916511 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.916511 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:3:p:273-275 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aiga Stokenberga Author-X-Name-First: Aiga Author-X-Name-Last: Stokenberga Title: Does Bus Rapid Transit Influence Urban Land Development and Property Values: A Review of the Literature Abstract: Despite the proliferation of bus rapid transit (BRT) systems over the past few decades across developed and developing world cities, the impacts across these systems on the urban spatial development and property markets have not been comprehensively studied. The current paper attempts to fill this gap in the literature by reviewing the methodologies, underlying theories, and findings presented in the individual academic studies on BRT land-use and price impacts, mostly drawing on those that have focused on Latin American and Asian systems. The review shows that the land-use and value impacts have been less uniform across systems compared to such operational performance metrics as speed and travel time improvements. While predominantly relying on cross-sectional modeling techniques, the approaches used to evaluate land-use changes induced by the transit systems are not uniform either, with only some studies explicitly measuring changes in types of land use as opposed to simply land or rental price. The study also concludes that more rigorous evaluation is needed as to whether the BRT systems have improved accessibility for the populations that inhabited the corridors previously or whether, instead, the desired land value increases have in fact resulted in significant population displacement. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 276-296 Issue: 3 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.902404 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.902404 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:3:p:276-296 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andrés Gómez-Lobo Author-X-Name-First: Andrés Author-X-Name-Last: Gómez-Lobo Title: Monopoly, Subsidies and the Mohring Effect: A Synthesis Abstract: This paper provides a unifying framework to analyze whether a monopoly transit provider will under or over-supply frequency. To this end we couch the problem in term of Spence [(1975). Monopoly, quality and regulation. The Bell Journal of Economics, 6, 417-429] who analyzed the incentives to provide quality by a monopolist. We show that all of the results of a recent academic exchange discussing this topic are special cases of Spence [(1975). Monopoly, quality and regulation. The Bell Journal of Economics, 6, 417-429], albeit with an adjustment in order to take into account the cost structure of frequency provision in the case of public transport. In theory then, there are cases when a monopolist may offer optimal or above optimal levels of frequency without requiring subsidies. However, public transport is rarely provided by an unregulated monopolist. Rather, these services are usually provided either by an exclusive operator under regulated fares or by a group of competing operators, with or without fare regulation. We show that in the first case frequency will always be below the social optimal level. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 297-315 Issue: 3 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.902871 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.902871 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:3:p:297-315 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Li Shen Author-X-Name-First: Li Author-X-Name-Last: Shen Author-Name: Peter R. Stopher Author-X-Name-First: Peter R. Author-X-Name-Last: Stopher Title: Review of GPS Travel Survey and GPS Data-Processing Methods Abstract: Global positioning system (GPS) devices have been utilised in travel surveys since the late 1990s. Because GPS devices are very accurate at recording time and positional characteristics of travel, they can correct the trip-misreporting issue resulting from self-reports of travel and improve the accuracy of travel data. Although the initial idea of using GPS surveys in transport data collection was just to replace paper-based travel diaries, GPS surveys currently are being applied in a number of transport fields. Several general reviews have been done about GPS surveys in the literature review sections in some papers, but a detailed systematic review from GPS data collection to the whole procedure of GPS data processing has not been undertaken. This paper comprehensively reviews the development of GPS surveys and their applications, and GPS data processing. Different from most reviews in GPS research, this paper provides a detailed and systematic comparison between different methods from trip identification to mode and purpose detection, introduces the methods that researchers and planners are currently using, and discusses the pros and cons of those methods. Based on this review, researchers can choose appropriate methods and endeavour to improve them. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 316-334 Issue: 3 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.903530 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.903530 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:3:p:316-334 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stefan Bakker Author-X-Name-First: Stefan Author-X-Name-Last: Bakker Author-Name: Mark Zuidgeest Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Zuidgeest Author-Name: Heleen de Coninck Author-X-Name-First: Heleen Author-X-Name-Last: de Coninck Author-Name: Cornie Huizenga Author-X-Name-First: Cornie Author-X-Name-Last: Huizenga Title: Transport, Development and Climate Change Mitigation: Towards an Integrated Approach Abstract: Transport and infrastructure development enables economic and social development, but is often detrimental to sustainable development due to congestion, accidents, air pollution, as well as greenhouse gas emissions. Various policy frameworks have been created to connect transport with development, development with climate change and climate change mitigation with the transport sector. However, so far no consistent framework exists that addresses these three areas in an integrated manner.This article demonstrates that sustainable development of the transport sector is not viable on the longer term in the absence of such a three-way framework. First, current perspectives and practices on transport and (sustainable) development are reviewed, demonstrating that outcomes and policies are not consistently positive on all three dimensions. The article then re-evaluates the Avoid-Shift-Improve (ASI) approach, initially developed to address climate change mitigation and other environmental issues in the transport sector, adding two perspectives on sustainable development that are not generally taken into account when discussing ASI: transition theory and sustainable lifestyles. Together with attention to the development function of transport by incorporating Access into ASI, this could enable a more long-term sustainability-oriented view on transport, development and climate mitigation. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 335-355 Issue: 3 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.903531 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.903531 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:3:p:335-355 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rita Peñabaena-Niebles Author-X-Name-First: Rita Author-X-Name-Last: Peñabaena-Niebles Author-Name: Victor Cantillo Author-X-Name-First: Victor Author-X-Name-Last: Cantillo Author-Name: Sandra Cuentas Author-X-Name-First: Sandra Author-X-Name-Last: Cuentas Author-Name: José Luis Moura Author-X-Name-First: José Luis Author-X-Name-Last: Moura Title: Transition between Signal Timing Plans: A Methodological and Analytical Overview Abstract: The transition phase is generally defined as the process of switching from one timing plan to another; this process may include changes in offset, phase split or cycle length until coordination for a new timing plan is reached once again. As noted in the literature, transition phases between timing plans may lead to severe disruptions of traffic flow, resulting in potentially lasting effects. The aim of this paper is to comprehensively review, classify and analyse the literature regarding transition between different timing plans to highlight existing research gaps and give researchers a starting point to continue contributing with solutions to the transition problem. Regarding transition approaches, a gap concerning mathematical approaches was deemed significant as a transition could be greatly benefited by simultaneously optimising more than one operational measure of effectiveness through multi-objective mathematical models. Moreover, in the analysis of applied approaches, Shortway algorithms generally outperformed other practical methods under different scenarios. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 356-378 Issue: 3 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.905648 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.905648 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:3:p:356-378 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Harald M. Hjelle Author-X-Name-First: Harald M. Author-X-Name-Last: Hjelle Title: Atmospheric Emissions of Short Sea Shipping Compared to Road Transport Through the Peaks and Troughs of Short-Term Market Cycles Abstract: The comparative superiority of shipping services with respect to atmospheric emissions per ton-km is beyond debate in the case of deep sea and bulk operations. The case for short sea shipping in a setting with small consignments and frequent port-calls needs to be demonstrated relative to road transport alternatives, in particular when cargo markets are fluctuating. The empirical part of this article is based on detailed shipment-level data from a current European short sea operation and data from engine reports on actual fuel consumption. The dataset enables the construction of a high-quality origin-destination matrix of pallet-based shipments. A contrafactual case of an alternative trucking operation serving this comprehensive set of shipments is constructed, and CO2 equivalent emissions to air are calculated and analysed under different scenarios. This comparative analysis illustrates just how efficient a modern short sea shipping operation needs to be in order to compete with road transport with respect to air emissions. The analysis suggests that such a pallet-based short sea shipping operation may be superior to trucking alternatives when it comes to carbon emissions under given circumstances, but not always. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 379-395 Issue: 3 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.905649 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.905649 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:3:p:379-395 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter W. de Langen Author-X-Name-First: Peter W. Author-X-Name-Last: de Langen Author-Name: Christiaan Heij Author-X-Name-First: Christiaan Author-X-Name-Last: Heij Title: Corporatisation and Performance: A Literature Review and an Analysis of the Performance Effects of the Corporatisation of Port of Rotterdam Authority Abstract: The ongoing process of port reform has led to an increasing number of publicly owned but corporatised port authorities (PAs). The performance effects of corporatisation have been analysed, for example, for the airports industry, often showing positive effects. This paper reviews the literature on port reform and the relationship between port governance structures and performance. It also presents a first case study on the effects of corporatisation of PAs, namely for the Port of Rotterdam Authority, a publicly owned but corporatised port development company. In 2004, this organisation was transformed from a municipal department to an independently operating company. The performance indicators to evaluate the effect of this corporatisation include market share, turnover, operating costs, profits, and investments. These indicators are evaluated for two periods, one prior to the corporatisation (1997-2003) and the other afterwards (2005-11). The comparison of these two periods shows that corporatisation has led to significant improvements of all performance indicators. The findings derived from this case study are relevant for the ongoing discussion on port governance models. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 396-414 Issue: 3 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.905650 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.905650 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:3:p:396-414 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sigal Kaplan Author-X-Name-First: Sigal Author-X-Name-Last: Kaplan Title: Why Book Reviews? 18 June 2014 Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 415-417 Issue: 4 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.938478 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.938478 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:4:p:415-417 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chris Bachmann Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Bachmann Author-Name: Chris Kennedy Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Kennedy Author-Name: Matthew J. Roorda Author-X-Name-First: Matthew J. Author-X-Name-Last: Roorda Title: Applications of Random-Utility-based Multi-region Input-Output Models of Transport and the Spatial Economy Abstract: An introduction to random-utility-based multiregional input-output models used for the purpose of spatial economic and transport interaction modelling is provided. The main methodological developments and important results of a dozen applications from the years 1996-2013 are described. This is followed by an outlook of potential future directions. Further research is mainly needed in five areas: (a) overall validation of the method, perhaps through back-casting applications on infrastructure plans with observed trade impacts; (b) extensions of trade coefficient models to add realism and improve accuracy; (c) the use of multi-scale modelling to capture interdependencies between geographical scales and to improve the representation of exports and imports; (d) improvements in the representation of price effects, as well as innovation and technological progress, by way of variable technical coefficients; and (e) a deeper investigation of the algorithm used to include elastic selling prices. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 418-440 Issue: 4 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.907369 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.907369 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:4:p:418-440 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sabreena Anowar Author-X-Name-First: Sabreena Author-X-Name-Last: Anowar Author-Name: Naveen Eluru Author-X-Name-First: Naveen Author-X-Name-Last: Eluru Author-Name: Luis F. Miranda-Moreno Author-X-Name-First: Luis F. Author-X-Name-Last: Miranda-Moreno Title: Alternative Modeling Approaches Used for Examining Automobile Ownership: A Comprehensive Review Abstract: Household vehicle ownership, and the associated dimensions including fleet size, vehicle type and usage, has been one of the most researched transport topics. This paper endeavors to provide a critical overview of the wide-ranging methodological approaches employed in vehicle ownership modeling depending on the ownership representation over the past two decades. The studies in the existing literature based on the vehicle ownership representation are classified as: exogenous static, exogenous dynamic, endogenous static and endogenous dynamic models. The methodological approaches applied range from simple linear regressions to complex econometrics formulations taking into account a rich set of covariates. In spite of the steady advancement and impressive evolution in terms of methodological approaches to examine the decision process, we identify complex issues that pose a formidable challenge to address the evolution of vehicle ownership in the coming years. Specifically, we discuss challenges with data availability and methodological framework selection. In light of these discussions, we provide a decision matrix for aiding researchers/practitioners in determining appropriate model frameworks for conducting vehicle ownership analysis. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 441-473 Issue: 4 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.915440 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.915440 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:4:p:441-473 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sofia Kalakou Author-X-Name-First: Sofia Author-X-Name-Last: Kalakou Author-Name: Filipe Moura Author-X-Name-First: Filipe Author-X-Name-Last: Moura Title: Bridging the Gap in Planning Indoor Pedestrian Facilities Abstract: Pedestrians are currently attracting the interest of various researchers and practitioners, particularly urban and transport planners. Analysis of the pedestrian behavior, environment and modeling has been carried out in diverse instances in the context of pedestrian planning. This paper seeks to identify the content of each of these three research areas and designate the linkages that connect their interests providing insights into planning indoor pedestrian facilities. To achieve this objective, a review of the literature on pedestrians walking indoors and indoor pedestrian environments was conducted. Understanding pedestrian behavior is fundamental in the pedestrian planning process. Principles of decision-making, cognition, wayfinding and flows were studied. When analyzing the pedestrian environment, Space Syntax and wayfinding analysis were found to be established methods that are an integral part of this field. Finally, the majority of the existing modeling approaches were identified. It was found that despite the dynamic evolution of each area, the integration of different research perspectives is weak. The paper concluded with the proposal of a mindmap which brings together all the concepts found in the literature and which should be explored for a more comprehensive planning of indoor pedestrian facilities. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 474-500 Issue: 4 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.915441 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.915441 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:4:p:474-500 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brendan Pender Author-X-Name-First: Brendan Author-X-Name-Last: Pender Author-Name: Graham Currie Author-X-Name-First: Graham Author-X-Name-Last: Currie Author-Name: Alexa Delbosc Author-X-Name-First: Alexa Author-X-Name-Last: Delbosc Author-Name: Nirajan Shiwakoti Author-X-Name-First: Nirajan Author-X-Name-Last: Shiwakoti Title: Social Media Use during Unplanned Transit Network Disruptions: A Review of Literature Abstract: This paper explores social media's role in managing unplanned transit networks disruptions. Although literature exists more broadly on the use of social media in transit, this paper presents the first literature review in this setting. When disruptions occur, commuters require reliable, up-to-date information. Its provision reduces anxiety and allows informed choices. Social media is beneficial given it provides real-time information but it can only supplement (not replace) conventional approaches. Information reliability was critical. Research in the field of disaster management illustrates the importance of publicly contributed information. Known as "crowdsourcing", it is part of the emerging field of crisis informatics which for the first time was linked to unplanned transit disruption management. The results highlight that social media's real-time nature can reduce disrupted travel demand; however, its utilisation can be resource-intensive. A framework presented illustrates how social media utilisation varies according to the operational characteristics of a disrupted network. Social media use as an information delivery tool is still in its infancy and an unwillingness to embrace it is an impediment to sustained growth. Crowdsourcing is one approach that could resolve the issue of transit agency resourcing whilst satisfying the increased demand and expectation for real-time information. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 501-521 Issue: 4 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.915442 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.915442 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:4:p:501-521 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bradley Casey Author-X-Name-First: Bradley Author-X-Name-Last: Casey Author-Name: Ashish Bhaskar Author-X-Name-First: Ashish Author-X-Name-Last: Bhaskar Author-Name: Hao Guo Author-X-Name-First: Hao Author-X-Name-Last: Guo Author-Name: Edward Chung Author-X-Name-First: Edward Author-X-Name-Last: Chung Title: Critical Review of Time-Dependent Shortest Path Algorithms: A Multimodal Trip Planner Perspective Abstract: A multimodal trip planner that produces optimal journeys involving both public transport and private vehicle legs has to solve a number of shortest path problems, both on the road network and the public transport network. The algorithms that are used to solve these shortest path problems have been researched since the late 1950s. However, in order to provide accurate journey plans that can be trusted by the user, the variability of travel times caused by traffic congestion must be taken into consideration. This requires the use of more sophisticated time-dependent shortest path algorithms, which have only been researched in depth over the last two decades, from the mid-1990s. This paper will review and compare nine algorithms that have been proposed in the literature, discussing the advantages and disadvantages of each algorithm on the basis of five important criteria that must be considered when choosing one or more of them to implement in a multimodal trip planner. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 522-539 Issue: 4 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.921797 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.921797 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:4:p:522-539 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Morten Skou Nicolaisen Author-X-Name-First: Morten Skou Author-X-Name-Last: Nicolaisen Author-Name: Patrick Arthur Driscoll Author-X-Name-First: Patrick Arthur Author-X-Name-Last: Driscoll Title: Ex-Post Evaluations of Demand Forecast Accuracy: A Literature Review Abstract: Travel demand forecasts play a crucial role in the preparation of decision support to policy-makers in the field of transport planning. The results feed directly into impact appraisals such as cost-benefit analyses and environmental impact assessments, which are mandatory for large public works projects in many countries. Over the last few decades, there has been increasing attention given to the lack of demand forecast accuracy. However, since data availability for comprehensive ex-post appraisals is problematic, such studies are still relatively rare. This study presents a review of the largest ex-post studies of demand forecast accuracy for transport infrastructure projects. The focus is threefold: to provide an overview of observed levels of demand forecast inaccuracy, to highlight key contextual and methodological differences between studies and to highlight key focus areas for future research in this field. The results show that inaccuracy remains problematic for road, rail and toll projects alike, but also how the lack of methodological clarity and consistency calls for a careful interpretation of these results. Mandatory, systematic ex-post evaluation programmes are suggested as a necessary tool to improve decision support, as data availability for ex-post studies is often remarkably poor even for internal audits. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 540-557 Issue: 4 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.926428 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.926428 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:4:p:540-557 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter White Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: White Title: How Do We Relate Academic Research to Current Practice and Performance? Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 559-561 Issue: 5 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.969134 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.969134 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:5:p:559-561 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ilan Salomon Author-X-Name-First: Ilan Author-X-Name-Last: Salomon Author-Name: Matan E. Singer Author-X-Name-First: Matan E. Author-X-Name-Last: Singer Title: 'Informal Travel': A New Conceptualization of Travel Patterns? Abstract: In transportation, informal transport refers mainly to the use of paratransit services in the developing world. In this paper we argue that informal travel may include, in addition to mode and users, also other travel pattern elements, such as trip planning, structure, purpose, and destination. Each of these can be placed along an axis ranging from formal manifestations to informal ones, thus creating a 'formality scale'. Moreover, these elements may be combined in numerous ways, creating a multitude of travel patterns that may be placed all along the formality scale. After providing a definition of formal, semi-formal, and informal travel and characterizing travel patterns according to the formality scale we identify population groups which exemplify semi-formal and informal travel patterns. Next, we analyze the 2009 US National Household Travel Survey, which suggests informal travel may be growing. This leads to a discussion on various factors that might affect travel formality. Most notably, the growing use of information and communication technologies may be shifting travel toward the informal end of the axis. In turn, this might affect trip symmetry, which may result in further effects on the transportation system. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 562-582 Issue: 5 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.930075 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.930075 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:5:p:562-582 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jason Monios Author-X-Name-First: Jason Author-X-Name-Last: Monios Author-Name: Gordon Wilmsmeier Author-X-Name-First: Gordon Author-X-Name-Last: Wilmsmeier Title: The Impact of Container Type Diversification on Regional British Port Development Strategies Abstract: Despite a concentration of container traffic in the southeast of the UK over the last few decades, regional ports are attempting new development strategies to capture or retain specific traffic segments. These include intra-European short-sea traffic and a potentially increasing feeder market. These trends are reflected in the movement of different container types, which result in a number of planning challenges related to changing infrastructural and operational requirements. This paper uses highly disaggregated data on container type movements to address three issues that can inform these planning challenges. First, the imbalance of trade resulting in empty container repositioning; second, the requirement for gauge-cleared rail routes to cater for the increasing proportion of high-cube containers; and third, the specialisation of European short-sea traffic at secondary UK ports. The results reveal the disproportionate repositioning of empty containers at Scottish ports and the importance of 45 ft, high-cube and pallet-wide containers at regional ports, highlighting their focus on intra-European short-sea traffic and raising difficulties relating to their lower quality of landside infrastructure (particularly rail) in comparison to the large south-eastern ports. The potential repercussions on hinterland infrastructure development raise questions about both public and private sector responses to regional port development. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 583-606 Issue: 5 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.946457 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.946457 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:5:p:583-606 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Asif Ahmed Author-X-Name-First: Asif Author-X-Name-Last: Ahmed Author-Name: Peter Stopher Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Stopher Title: Seventy Minutes Plus or Minus 10 - A Review of Travel Time Budget Studies Abstract: This paper provides a comprehensive review of travel-time budget (TTB) studies in the literature for about the past four decades. Starting with the concept of TTBs, it discusses both the studies that support the existence of TTB and also those that deem the concept to be unfounded. Sociodemographic variables and their relation to TTB are also discussed briefly. However, as past studies use different data sources, survey techniques, and methodology for analysis, cross comparison of studies is not possible. Most importantly, the underlying cause of the regularity that is found at an aggregate level is still not known. The idea of TTB is important because, if it exists, it would mean that the total time spent on travelling per person per day will remain unchanged in spite of all improvements to transport. TTB has immense implications for transport policies and it is usually ignored. The paper also explores the available theoretical explanation of this concept, past research gaps and new analysis potentials. Recent directions in TTB studies are also discussed together with the potential use of multiday multiyear panel data in TTB research to explore the phenomenon better than before. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 607-625 Issue: 5 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.946460 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.946460 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:5:p:607-625 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michel Beuthe Author-X-Name-First: Michel Author-X-Name-Last: Beuthe Author-Name: Bart Jourquin Author-X-Name-First: Bart Author-X-Name-Last: Jourquin Author-Name: Natalie Urbain Author-X-Name-First: Natalie Author-X-Name-Last: Urbain Title: Estimating Freight Transport Price Elasticity in Multi-mode Studies: A Review and Additional Results from a Multimodal Network Model Abstract: The paper presents a detailed comparative review of price/cost elasticity estimates published in a number of studies on multi-mode freight transport demands. It attempts to determine which factors could explain the wide diversity of estimates: data aggregation, diversity of markets, and methodology. It also presents new estimates for rail, road, and waterway modes, derived from a multimodal freight network model of the Rhine area market. Direct and cross-elasticities are estimated for 11 groups of commodities and per distance category. The results are critically assessed by comparison with the reviewed studies. The paper concludes with a few recommendations about meaningful uses of existing estimates and the need for additional experiments with different methodologies applied on a common data basis. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 626-644 Issue: 5 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.946459 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.946459 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:5:p:626-644 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guilherme Bergmann Borges Vieira Author-X-Name-First: Guilherme Bergmann Borges Author-X-Name-Last: Vieira Author-Name: Francisco José Kliemann Neto Author-X-Name-First: Francisco José Author-X-Name-Last: Kliemann Neto Author-Name: Fernando Gonçalves Amaral Author-X-Name-First: Fernando Gonçalves Author-X-Name-Last: Amaral Title: Governance, Governance Models and Port Performance: A Systematic Review Abstract: Studies on ports as business clusters and governance of the different actors in the port logistics chain are rapidly developing. In this context, one emerging topic concerns the analysis of governance models and their relationship with port performance. The present study is a systematic review of port governance that aims to describe the evolution of research on this topic between 1992 and 2013, identifying the governance models developed from this research and analysing the main characteristics of these models and their contribution to port performance. The results indicated that port governance studies remain incipient and follow a predominantly qualitative approach based on case studies and conceptual works. Regarding governance models and their relationship with port performance, although some models have been observed in the literature, the study of this subject has yet to be developed, and the relationship between governance models and port performance remains inconclusive. Although the existing models make a contribution, they allow gaps in terms of evaluating governance outcomes, identifying governance elements and discussing governance actions. These gaps make it hard to answer the basic questions associated with governance models: Who governs? What is governed? How is it governed? and For what is it governed? Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 645-662 Issue: 5 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.946458 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.946458 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:5:p:645-662 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Matthew J. Roorda Author-X-Name-First: Matthew J. Author-X-Name-Last: Roorda Title: Freight Transport Modelling Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 663-664 Issue: 5 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.916762 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.916762 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:5:p:663-664 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: João de Abreu e Silva Author-X-Name-First: João Author-X-Name-Last: de Abreu e Silva Title: International Handbook on Mega-Projects Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 664-666 Issue: 5 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.927019 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.927019 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:5:p:664-666 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Moshe Givoni Author-X-Name-First: Moshe Author-X-Name-Last: Givoni Title: Better Public Transit Systems - Analyzing Investments and Performance Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 666-668 Issue: 5 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.945987 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.945987 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:5:p:666-668 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carlo Giacomo Prato Author-X-Name-First: Carlo Giacomo Author-X-Name-Last: Prato Title: The New Science of Cities Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 668-670 Issue: 5 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.931332 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.931332 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:5:p:668-670 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David A. Hensher Author-X-Name-First: David A. Author-X-Name-Last: Hensher Title: Keeping the Debate Informed on Reforms in Land Passenger Transport: The Influence of the Thredbo Series Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 671-673 Issue: 6 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.987472 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.987472 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:6:p:671-673 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nihan Akyelken Author-X-Name-First: Nihan Author-X-Name-Last: Akyelken Author-Name: Hartmut Keller Author-X-Name-First: Hartmut Author-X-Name-Last: Keller Title: Framing the Nexus of Globalisation, Logistics and Manufacturing in Europe Abstract: Under the ongoing influence of globalisation, supply chains have changed significantly. New logistics and manufacturing systems have emerged, causing longer transport distances and increasing transport emissions. The existing research into the sustainability impacts of freight transport has largely viewed it as being a macro-level economic and political phenomenon and has ignored the interdependencies amongst micro-level economic actors, including firms and businesses in the private sector. In this paper, we presume that the lack of conceptualisation of freight transport in relation to wider institutional contexts and firm behaviour results in the lack of a holistic approach to understanding freight governance in the face of globalisation. We argue for the use of institutional economic geography lenses to elucidate the distribution networks of emerging logistics and manufacturing practices and its implications for freight transport. We illustrate our argument through a broad look at the European logistics and manufacturing practices and global production. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 674-690 Issue: 6 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.981885 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.981885 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:6:p:674-690 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tor-Olav Nævestad Author-X-Name-First: Tor-Olav Author-X-Name-Last: Nævestad Author-Name: Torkel Bjørnskau Author-X-Name-First: Torkel Author-X-Name-Last: Bjørnskau Author-Name: Inger Beate Hovi Author-X-Name-First: Inger Beate Author-X-Name-Last: Hovi Author-Name: Ross Owen Phillips Author-X-Name-First: Ross Owen Author-X-Name-Last: Phillips Title: Safety outcomes of internationalization of domestic road haulage: a review of the literature Abstract: The European Union (EU) promotes gradual lifting of restrictions on foreign hauliers involved in domestic road transport of goods (cabotage), and a major deregulation was scheduled in 2014. Due to complaints from several member states facing competition from new EU-countries with lower labour costs, this process was postponed until 2015. An important aspect related to such a deregulatory reform includes potential consequences for transport safety and accident risk factors. The main aims of the current paper are therefore to examine the potential transport safety outcomes of increasing internationalization of domestic road haulage, and to examine potential accident risk factors of foreign hauliers. This is done by reviewing the research literature. This paper shows that the heavy goods vehicle (HGV) accident risk varies with a factor of up to 10 in European countries, and that the accident risk of foreign HGVs is approximately two times higher than that of domestic HGVs in the studied European countries. The paper points to several risk factors and concludes that better data on accident risk and risk factors must be gathered in order to enable European authorities to correctly analyse and respond to this important traffic safety challenge. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 691-709 Issue: 6 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.981883 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.981883 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:6:p:691-709 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yung-Hsiang Cheng Author-X-Name-First: Yung-Hsiang Author-X-Name-Last: Cheng Author-Name: Yu-Chun Tsai Author-X-Name-First: Yu-Chun Author-X-Name-Last: Tsai Title: Train delay and perceived-wait time: passengers' perspective Abstract: Waiting time influences the overall perception of service quality. The passenger-perceived waiting time can determine their waiting experience. The concept of waiting time refers to the comparison between the passengers' inherent tolerance of waiting and the possible improvement scenarios. This study investigates the passengers' tolerance of waiting under various scenarios of train delays in order to improve their perceived waiting time. We propose the adoption of a modern psychometric method utilizing the Rasch model to measure a subjective latent construct known as 'wait tolerance'. The Rasch measurement provides mathematical procedures for transforming scores from an ordinal to an interval scale to observe which scenarios can reduce certain passengers' perceived waiting time in the case of a delay. Empirical results show that 'uncontrollable circumstances', 'friendly staff attitudes', and 'providing appropriate messages of apology' can improve the passenger-perceived waiting time during train delays. Likewise, distinct differences are found in the passengers' tolerance of waiting in terms of various personal characteristics, such as gender, age, and train riding frequency. The findings propose the implementation of strategies for improvement by rail system operators, as well as for regulators to define a reasonable service level in the case of train delays. The reviews show possible future innovative research orientations as well. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 710-729 Issue: 6 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.975169 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.975169 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:6:p:710-729 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tiziana D'alfonso Author-X-Name-First: Tiziana Author-X-Name-Last: D'alfonso Author-Name: Alberto Nastasi Author-X-Name-First: Alberto Author-X-Name-Last: Nastasi Title: Airport-Airline interaction: some food for thought Abstract: We provide an interpretive analysis of vertical relations between airports and carriers, while assessing the way in which deregulation of the airline market and the privatization of airports have created incentives for airport-airline interaction. In particular, if the vertical structure approach has become the standard approach in air transport research, we add to the literature by discussing three issues that we believe need further understanding. The three issues that we think should be the focus of future research on airport-airline interaction are (i) incomplete contracts and asymmetric information structure; (ii) upstream horizontal complementarities; and (iii) airports as two-sided platforms. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 730-748 Issue: 6 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.971470 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.971470 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:6:p:730-748 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Siyuan Wang Author-X-Name-First: Siyuan Author-X-Name-Last: Wang Author-Name: Theo Notteboom Author-X-Name-First: Theo Author-X-Name-Last: Notteboom Title: The Adoption of Liquefied Natural Gas as a Ship Fuel: A Systematic Review of Perspectives and Challenges Abstract: The stringent ship emission regulations under IMO's (International Maritime Organization) MARPOL Annex VI are a main driver to consider liquefied natural gas (LNG) as a ship fuel. Research into LNG as a marine fuel saw a strong growth in recent years, but no study has analyzed in a systematic way the level of convergence among the findings presented in the wide range of studies. In order to fill this gap, this paper seeks to perform a systematic review to synthesize the findings of 33 published studies on the use of LNG as a ship fuel. The aim is not only to obtain a much broader understanding of the current perspectives and challenges for applying LNG as a bunker for ship propulsion, but also to identify the gaps and weak points in the literature which could suggest future research. Moreover, given the output of the synthesis, the paper presents an extensive decision-making framework for shipowners when deciding on a fuel switch for their fleet from conventional oils to LNG in order to achieve a level of conceptual development beyond that attained in individual studies. In addition, the study also identifies the important role of ports in facilitating and encouraging the large-scale adoption of LNG in the maritime industry. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 749-774 Issue: 6 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.981884 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.981884 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:6:p:749-774 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Riccardo Scarinci Author-X-Name-First: Riccardo Author-X-Name-Last: Scarinci Author-Name: Benjamin Heydecker Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin Author-X-Name-Last: Heydecker Title: Control Concepts for Facilitating Motorway On-ramp Merging Using Intelligent Vehicles Abstract: Congestion at motorway junctions is a traffic phenomenon that degrades operation of infrastructure and can lead to breakdown of traffic flow and associated reduction in capacity. Advanced communication technologies open new possibilities to prevent or at least delay this phenomenon, and innovative active traffic management systems have been developed in the recent years for better control of motorway traffic. This paper presents a review of control strategies for facilitating motorway on-ramp merging using intelligent vehicles. First, the concepts of the control algorithms are reviewed chronologically divided into three types of intelligent vehicle: completely automated, equipped with cooperative adaptive cruise control and equipped with on-board display. Then, a common structure is identified, and the algorithms are presented based on their characteristics in order to identify similarities, dissimilarities, trends and possible future research directions. Finally, using a similar approach, a review of the methods used to evaluate these control strategies identifies important aspects that should be considered by further research on this topic. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 775-797 Issue: 6 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.983210 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.983210 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:6:p:775-797 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pierluigi Coppola Author-X-Name-First: Pierluigi Author-X-Name-Last: Coppola Title: The Transportation Experience Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 798-799 Issue: 6 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.983211 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.983211 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:6:p:798-799 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Floridea Di Ciommo Author-X-Name-First: Floridea Author-X-Name-Last: Di Ciommo Title: The Transport Debate Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 799-800 Issue: 6 Volume: 34 Year: 2014 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.982745 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.982745 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:34:y:2014:i:6:p:799-800 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bert Van Wee Author-X-Name-First: Bert Author-X-Name-Last: Van Wee Title: Towards a code of conduct for clients of research? Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 1-3 Issue: 1 Volume: 35 Year: 2015 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1005278 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1005278 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:35:y:2015:i:1:p:1-3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Simon Oh Author-X-Name-First: Simon Author-X-Name-Last: Oh Author-Name: Young-Ji Byon Author-X-Name-First: Young-Ji Author-X-Name-Last: Byon Author-Name: Kitae Jang Author-X-Name-First: Kitae Author-X-Name-Last: Jang Author-Name: Hwasoo Yeo Author-X-Name-First: Hwasoo Author-X-Name-Last: Yeo Title: Short-term Travel-time Prediction on Highway: A Review of the Data-driven Approach Abstract: Near future travel-time information is one of the most critical factors that travellers consider before making trip decisions. In efforts to provide more reliable future travel-time estimations, transportation engineers have examined various techniques developed in the last three decades. However, there have not been sufficiently systematic and through reviews so far. In order to effectively support various transportation strategies and applications including Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), it is necessary to apply appropriate forecasting methods for matching circumstances in a timely manner. This paper conducts a comprehensive review study focusing on literatures, including modern techniques proposed recently, related to travel time and traffic condition predictions that are based on 'data-driven' approaches. Based on the underlying mechanisms and theoretical principles, different approaches are categorized as parametric (linear regression and time series) and non-parametric approaches (artificial intelligence and pattern searching). Then, the approaches are analysed for their strengths, potential weaknesses, and performances from five main perspectives that are prediction range, accuracy, efficiency, applicability, and robustness. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 4-32 Issue: 1 Volume: 35 Year: 2015 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.992496 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.992496 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:35:y:2015:i:1:p:4-32 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chinh Ho Author-X-Name-First: Chinh Author-X-Name-Last: Ho Author-Name: Corinne Mulley Author-X-Name-First: Corinne Author-X-Name-Last: Mulley Title: Intra-household interactions in transport research: a review Abstract: Recognition that individuals do not make their travel decisions in isolation of the household context has produced a growing interest in intra-household interactions and group decision-making. The behavioural realism of travel demand models that explicitly accommodate intra-household interactions is expected to provide more insight into travel behaviour and a more credible analysis of travellers' response to transport policy than models that deal with household interactions in a 'black box'. This paper reviews the literature on group decisions and intra-household interactions. How intra-household interactions influence the way in which decisions are made is expounded and empirical findings are drawn upon to argue for why the study of intra-household interactions is important. Various analytical techniques and data requirements are discussed to show how intra-household interactions can be handled. Drawing on this review, the impact of intra-household interactions on travel behaviour and implications for transport policy are identified and directions for further study suggested. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 33-55 Issue: 1 Volume: 35 Year: 2015 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.993745 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.993745 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:35:y:2015:i:1:p:33-55 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Suchada Vichitvanichphong Author-X-Name-First: Suchada Author-X-Name-Last: Vichitvanichphong Author-Name: Amir Talaei-Khoei Author-X-Name-First: Amir Author-X-Name-Last: Talaei-Khoei Author-Name: Donald Kerr Author-X-Name-First: Donald Author-X-Name-Last: Kerr Author-Name: Amir Hossein Ghapanchi Author-X-Name-First: Amir Hossein Author-X-Name-Last: Ghapanchi Title: What Does Happen to Our Driving When We Get Older? Abstract: The objective of this paper is to uncover the main antecedents associated with driving errors among older drivers in order to establish a framework for analyzing potential skill improvements using other approaches, for example, games. The article also aims at classifying age-related declines in seniors' abilities associated with their driving performance. The research undertakes an analysis of attempts made through the investigation of the literature. We have systematically searched papers and extracted (1) prevalent driving errors among seniors and (2) underlying age-related declines in seniors' abilities associated with their driving performance. We have also identified some characteristics of the research in this area (e.g. the research methods and geographical distribution of the research). Our expert panel mapped the functional declines in seniors' abilities to the driving errors to identify the relationship between these findings. A reliability test resulted in 81% reliability of findings. We have identified eight groups of driving errors, which could be affected by physical, visual, and cognitive declines among seniors. According to the experts' opinions, the underlying relationship of physical, visual, and cognitive declines among seniors and their driving errors were also presented. Our findings show that there is a potential for the use of innovative interventions such as playing video games to create an inexpensive, motivational, and enjoyable method that may provide a transfer effect to specific driving skills. This could help improve seniors' driving performance by improving specific functional abilities associated with driving. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 56-81 Issue: 1 Volume: 35 Year: 2015 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.997819 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.997819 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:35:y:2015:i:1:p:56-81 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kayvan Aghabayk Author-X-Name-First: Kayvan Author-X-Name-Last: Aghabayk Author-Name: Majid Sarvi Author-X-Name-First: Majid Author-X-Name-Last: Sarvi Author-Name: William Young Author-X-Name-First: William Author-X-Name-Last: Young Title: A State-of-the-Art Review of Car-Following Models with Particular Considerations of Heavy Vehicles Abstract: Car-following (CF) models are fundamental in the replication of traffic flow and thus they have received considerable attention. This attention needs to be reflected upon at particular points in time. CF models are in a continuous state of improvement due to their significant role in traffic micro-simulations, intelligent transportation systems and safety engineering models. This paper presents a review of existing CF models. It classifies them into classic and artificial intelligence models. It discusses the capability of the models and potential limitations that need to be considered in their improvement. This paper also reviews the studies investigating the impacts of heavy vehicles in traffic stream and on CF behaviour. The findings of the study provide promising directions for future research and suggest revisiting the existing models to accommodate different behaviours of drivers in heterogeneous traffic, in particular, heavy vehicles in traffic. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 82-105 Issue: 1 Volume: 35 Year: 2015 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.997323 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.997323 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:35:y:2015:i:1:p:82-105 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Edoardo Marcucci Author-X-Name-First: Edoardo Author-X-Name-Last: Marcucci Title: The Geographies of Air Transport Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 106-110 Issue: 1 Volume: 35 Year: 2015 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.995148 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.995148 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:35:y:2015:i:1:p:106-110 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Athena Roumboutsos Author-X-Name-First: Athena Author-X-Name-Last: Roumboutsos Title: Public Private Partnerships in Transport Infrastructure: An International Review Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 111-117 Issue: 2 Volume: 35 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1017025 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1017025 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:35:y:2015:i:2:p:111-117 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Koen Verhoest Author-X-Name-First: Koen Author-X-Name-Last: Verhoest Author-Name: Ole Helby Petersen Author-X-Name-First: Ole Helby Author-X-Name-Last: Petersen Author-Name: Walter Scherrer Author-X-Name-First: Walter Author-X-Name-Last: Scherrer Author-Name: Raden Murwantara Soecipto Author-X-Name-First: Raden Murwantara Author-X-Name-Last: Soecipto Title: How Do Governments Support the Development of Public Private Partnerships? Measuring and Comparing PPP Governmental Support in 20 European Countries Abstract: Taking an institutional perspective, in this article we develop an index of the governmental support for public private partnership (PPP) - a 'PPP Governmental Support Index' (GSI) - which aims to measure the extent to which national governments provide an institutional framework that is either conducive or preventive for the introduction and diffusion of PPPs within transport infrastructure and other sectors. First, based on a substantive review of the literature, we define the elements of the PPP GSI, including the policy and political commitment regarding PPPs, the legal and regulatory framework, and the presence/absence of dedicated PPP-supporting arrangements. Second, we calculate the PPP GSI for 20 European countries, cluster them and compare similarities and differences in national governmental support of infrastructure PPPs. Third, we explore the potential link between national institutional index scores and infrastructure PPP activity in the 20 countries. Lastly, we discuss the potential and usefulness of the presented PPP GSI, as well as methodological limitations, and elaborate on how this index might be utilised to strengthen future comparative research on PPP in transport and other sectors. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 118-139 Issue: 2 Volume: 35 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.993746 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.993746 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:35:y:2015:i:2:p:118-139 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Champika Liyanage Author-X-Name-First: Champika Author-X-Name-Last: Liyanage Author-Name: Felix Villalba-Romero Author-X-Name-First: Felix Author-X-Name-Last: Villalba-Romero Title: Measuring Success of PPP Transport Projects: A Cross-Case Analysis of Toll Roads Abstract: The aim of this paper is to measure 'overall' success of a public private partnership (PPP) transport projects using four case studies. All four case studies are PPP toll roads from four different EU countries (UK, Spain, Portugal and Greece). The case studies have been analysed using a manual Qualitative Comparative Analysis approach. According to the paper, three different perspectives have been used to measure the success of a project, that is, project management perspective, stakeholder perspective and contract management perspective. The 'overall' success has then been deduced by bringing these three perspectives together as a holistic approach. The findings are presented in the form of a matrix and the final outcome of the paper shows a simple methodological approach that can be used to measure success of a PPP transport project. Since the study takes more of a qualitative approach, researcher bias and perceptions have a major role to play in the final outcome. However, to reduce 'biasness', quantitative measures have also been used to quantify the Key Performance Indicators and performance measures in the case studies. It is hoped that the study makes a valid contribution to the areas of transport PPPs and performance measurement. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 140-161 Issue: 2 Volume: 35 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.994583 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.994583 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:35:y:2015:i:2:p:140-161 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: N. Carbonara Author-X-Name-First: N. Author-X-Name-Last: Carbonara Author-Name: N. Costantino Author-X-Name-First: N. Author-X-Name-Last: Costantino Author-Name: L. Gunnigan Author-X-Name-First: L. Author-X-Name-Last: Gunnigan Author-Name: R. Pellegrino Author-X-Name-First: R. Author-X-Name-Last: Pellegrino Title: Risk Management in Motorway PPP Projects: Empirical-based Guidelines Abstract: This paper deals with the topic of risk management in Public Private Partnership (PPP). The analysis of the related literature reveals that risks must be analyzed and managed on a context-specific approach, and that there is a lack of a comprehensive study on the appropriate risk mitigation strategies for each risk embedded in PPP projects. Focusing on the transport sector, based on the results of a Delphi survey, the paper provides guidelines for both public and private parties in defining a list of significant risks in PPP motorway projects, and identifying for them both the effective allocation and the suitable mitigation strategies. Results of the Delphi survey have been compared with the common practices on risk management applied in eight real motorway PPP projects. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 162-182 Issue: 2 Volume: 35 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1012696 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1012696 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:35:y:2015:i:2:p:162-182 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Athena Roumboutsos Author-X-Name-First: Athena Author-X-Name-Last: Roumboutsos Author-Name: Aristeidis Pantelias Author-X-Name-First: Aristeidis Author-X-Name-Last: Pantelias Title: Allocating Revenue Risk in Transport Infrastructure Public Private Partnership Projects: How it Matters Abstract: Transport infrastructure public private partnership (PPP) projects are very diverse and complex in nature not only because of their mode-specific intricacies but also because of their inherent economic characteristics that relate to the scope of involvement of the private sector in the project, the large sunk costs incurred, and ultimately, the competition to which these projects are exposed. The allocation of revenue risk is of paramount importance for the successful implementation of such projects and a sub-optimal allocation may lead to project structuring that is unnecessarily expensive and vulnerable to failure. At the same time, the revenue risk depends critically on the remuneration model used (user-based versus budget-based) and may, in turn, take the form of demand risk, counterparty risk or combinations of the two. This review explores the issues related to revenue risk allocation for transport infrastructure PPP projects. Overarching principles for the allocation of revenue risk that transcend mode-specificity are identified and compared to case studies generated in the context of the COST Action TU1001. The results show that theory and practice are divergent, leading to sub-optimal structuring and exposing projects to potential failure. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 183-203 Issue: 2 Volume: 35 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.988306 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.988306 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:35:y:2015:i:2:p:183-203 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sérgio Domingues Author-X-Name-First: Sérgio Author-X-Name-Last: Domingues Author-Name: Dejan Zlatkovic Author-X-Name-First: Dejan Author-X-Name-Last: Zlatkovic Title: Renegotiating PPP Contracts: Reinforcing the 'P' in Partnership Abstract: The issue of renegotiation is becoming increasingly important as a tool to address uncertainty of public private partnership (PPP) projects and as a mechanism to restore its economic and financial equilibrium. This paper aims to understand how and why renegotiations occur in long-lasting PPP projects and what are the pros and cons of the renegotiation. We depart from a literature review on contract incompleteness and on the determinant factors for the renegotiation of infrastructure concessions. To illustrate the discussion, the case studies of nine European PPP projects are analysed by examining the specific exogenous and endogenous determinant factors that conduce to renegotiating contracts. The implications of contractual renegotiations are explained and summarized through a comparison of our case studies with literature. Although renegotiation, per se, is not a solution for the successful implementation of PPP projects, our findings reinforce the idea of contractual flexibility as a tool that allows adapting to uncertainty. Moreover, effective communication mechanisms allow a better response to unforeseen events, reinforcing the partners' commitment to deliver a win-win project. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 204-225 Issue: 2 Volume: 35 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2014.992495 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2014.992495 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:35:y:2015:i:2:p:204-225 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maria Do Rosário Maurício Ribeiro Macário Author-X-Name-First: Maria Do Rosário Maurício Ribeiro Author-X-Name-Last: Macário Author-Name: Joana Duarte Costa Author-X-Name-First: Joana Duarte Author-X-Name-Last: Costa Author-Name: Joana André Matias Ribeiro Author-X-Name-First: Joana André Matias Author-X-Name-Last: Ribeiro Title: Cross-sector Analysis of Four Renegotiated Transport PPPs in Portugal Abstract: This paper uses the Fertagus renegotiation results as a reference and explores the features that made it such a widely commended case, aiming to identify the best practice to be followed in other cases. The two main questions that this paper aimed to respond were: Was the success of the renegotiation process in the Fertagus contract due to mode-specific factors? Are those factors (mode specific or not) transferable to other modes under public private partnership (PPP) contracts and if so, to what extent? Regarding the mode specificity and transferability analysis, it can be noticed that much of the features were not mode specific in theory, however for the successful transferability to other transport modes, some changes should be made to the PPP model taking into account modal specificities and national contexts. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 226-244 Issue: 2 Volume: 35 Year: 2015 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1012755 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1012755 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:35:y:2015:i:2:p:226-244 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Frank Witlox Author-X-Name-First: Frank Author-X-Name-Last: Witlox Title: Beyond the Data Smog? Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 245-249 Issue: 3 Volume: 35 Year: 2015 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1036505 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1036505 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:35:y:2015:i:3:p:245-249 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Patricia L. Mokhtarian Author-X-Name-First: Patricia L. Author-X-Name-Last: Mokhtarian Author-Name: Ilan Salomon Author-X-Name-First: Ilan Author-X-Name-Last: Salomon Author-Name: Matan E. Singer Author-X-Name-First: Matan E. Author-X-Name-Last: Singer Title: What Moves Us? An Interdisciplinary Exploration of Reasons for Traveling Abstract: We review a number of theories of motivation, and typologies of motivations, in psychological theory and in application to a variety of specific contexts, including shopping, eating, leisure, tourism, and travel. A recurring theme is the distinction between extrinsic (instrumental, utilitarian, functional) and intrinsic (autotelic, hedonic, experiential) motivations. We suggest that travel is a behavior to which intrinsic motivations apply, and that focusing exclusively on the extrinsic motivations to travel runs the risk of substantially underestimating the demand for travel, and the resistance to policies attempting to reduce it or to technologies (notably, information and communication technologies) expected to (partly) replace it. We offer a number of suggestions for improving standard travel surveys to help obtain the data needed to explore intrinsic motivations more fully. As better data become available, travel behavior models can be refined to partly account for such motivations. We believe that the resulting insights will be extremely valuable to policy-makers, planners, and behavioral scholars. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 250-274 Issue: 3 Volume: 35 Year: 2015 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1013076 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1013076 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:35:y:2015:i:3:p:250-274 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petter Næss Author-X-Name-First: Petter Author-X-Name-Last: Næss Title: Built Environment, Causality and Travel Abstract: Within research into influences of the built environment on travel behaviour, the issue of causality has gained increased attention. Several attempts have been made in order to identify the true effects of built environment characteristics by controlling for attitudinal and lifestyle factors and by applying more sophisticated techniques of analysis. Most research still suffers from insufficient theorizing and empirical investigation of causal mechanisms. An implicit conception of causality in terms of correlation between subsequent events appears to be widespread. This paper argues that such a conception of causality is inadequate and can lead to model specification error. Instead, a conception of causality as tendencies engendered by generative mechanisms is proposed. Based on such an understanding, the paper discusses in what sense the built environment can be said to exert causal influences on travel behaviour. In order to integrate knowledge about causal influences at the level of the individual and at the city level, a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods is recommended. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 275-291 Issue: 3 Volume: 35 Year: 2015 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1017751 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1017751 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:35:y:2015:i:3:p:275-291 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ehab I. Diab Author-X-Name-First: Ehab I. Author-X-Name-Last: Diab Author-Name: Madhav G. Badami Author-X-Name-First: Madhav G. Author-X-Name-Last: Badami Author-Name: Ahmed M. El-Geneidy Author-X-Name-First: Ahmed M. Author-X-Name-Last: El-Geneidy Title: Bus Transit Service Reliability and Improvement Strategies: Integrating the Perspectives of Passengers and Transit Agencies in North America Abstract: Transit agencies are consistently trying to improve service reliability and attract new passengers by employing various strategies. Previous literature reviews have focused on either passengers' or transit agencies' perspectives on service reliability. However, none of the earlier reviews have simultaneously addressed these differing perspectives on service reliability in an integrated manner. In response to this gap in the literature, this paper first reviews previous work on passengers' perspectives of transit service reliability and their response to service adjustments made by different agencies. Second, it analyzes transit agencies' plans and reports regarding their reliability goals and used strategies in order to improve service reliability, while looking at the impacts of these strategies on service. Reviewing these two parts together provides a needed contribution to the literature from a practical viewpoint since it allows for the identification of gaps in the public transit planning and operations field in the area of reliability and provides transit planners and decision makers with effective and valuable policy-relevant information. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 292-328 Issue: 3 Volume: 35 Year: 2015 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1005034 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1005034 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:35:y:2015:i:3:p:292-328 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sheila Farrell Author-X-Name-First: Sheila Author-X-Name-Last: Farrell Author-Name: Thierry Vanelslander Author-X-Name-First: Thierry Author-X-Name-Last: Vanelslander Title: Comparison of Public-Private Partnerships in Airports and Seaports in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Abstract: The paper examines similarities and differences in public-private partnership (PPP) structures between airports and seaports in low- and middle-income countries using data from the World Bank's Private Participation in Infrastructure (PPIAF) database, and puts forward some hypotheses about the reasons for the differences. Qualification of the results is also made with available literature on airport and seaport PPPs. It uses eight granules -- the eight "Ws" -- as the basis for the analysis, comparing PPPs in terms of "What", "When", "Where", "Why", "Whole", "Who", "Whom", and "Which way". Although the similarities between port and airport PPPs generally outweigh their differences, there are several areas in which they diverge. These are the characteristics of the private-sector partner, the PPP models used, the use made of competitive tendering, and the bundling of facilities. Airport investors tend to attract a wider array of investor types than seaports, where the focus is more on specialised operators in build-operate-transfer (BOT) agreements. These differences have their roots in four main structural variations between the two industries: the level of integration of infrastructure and services, economies of scale, public service obligations, and the differing roles of competition and regulation. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 329-351 Issue: 3 Volume: 35 Year: 2015 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1015066 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1015066 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:35:y:2015:i:3:p:329-351 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eran Ben-Elia Author-X-Name-First: Eran Author-X-Name-Last: Ben-Elia Author-Name: Erel Avineri Author-X-Name-First: Erel Author-X-Name-Last: Avineri Title: Response to Travel Information: A Behavioural Review Abstract: Innovation in information and communication technologies (ICTs) is providing us with a myriad of travel information sources. Knowledge on the influence of information on human travel behaviour (mainly route and mode choice) and their implications on network levels of service remains fragmented. We distinguish between experiential, descriptive, and prescriptive information sources. We draw on recently developed theoretical concepts in behavioural and cognitive sciences to examine the state of the knowledge on information and travel behaviour. Key theoretical concepts used to explore the relationship between information and travel behaviour include: reinforced learning; framing; risk and loss aversion; probability weighting; affect; anchoring and ambiguity aversion; and regret aversion. We review studies focusing on individual travel behaviour as well as network studies involving collective behaviours. While information seems to assist individual travellers in coping with uncertainty, the impacts relating to collective behaviour on networks remain unclear. Many open questions remain, yet research provides important insights and suggests that ICTs will enable the design of persuasive information systems that motivate cooperative and efficient use of the transportation network beyond what is possible today. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 352-377 Issue: 3 Volume: 35 Year: 2015 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1015471 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1015471 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:35:y:2015:i:3:p:352-377 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Beatriz Tovar Author-X-Name-First: Beatriz Author-X-Name-Last: Tovar Author-Name: Héctor Rodríguez-Déniz Author-X-Name-First: Héctor Author-X-Name-Last: Rodríguez-Déniz Title: Classifying Ports for Efficiency Benchmarking: A Review and a Frontier-based Clustering Approach Abstract: Port efficiency and port clustering are two aspects that have received different degrees of attention in the existing literature. While the actual estimation of port efficiency has been extensively studied, the existing literature has paid little attention to developing robust methodologies for port classification. In this paper, we review the literature on classification methods for port efficiency, and present an approach that combines stochastic frontier analysis, clustering and self-organized maps (SOM). Cluster methodologies that build on the estimated cost function parameters could group ports into performance metrics' categories. This helps when setting improvement targets for ports as a function of their specific cluster. The methodology is applied to a database of Spanish port authorities. The dendrogram features three clusters and five outlier Spanish Port Authorities. SOM are employed to track the temporal evolution of Spanish Port Authorities that are of special interest for some reasons (i.e. outliers). Results show that use of a combination of cost frontier and cluster methods to define robust port typology and SOMs, jointly or in isolation, offers useful information to the decision-makers. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 378-400 Issue: 3 Volume: 35 Year: 2015 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1016473 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1016473 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:35:y:2015:i:3:p:378-400 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Johan Woxenius Author-X-Name-First: Johan Author-X-Name-Last: Woxenius Title: The consequences of the extended gap between curiosity-driven and impact-driven research Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 401-403 Issue: 4 Volume: 35 Year: 2015 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1052894 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1052894 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:35:y:2015:i:4:p:401-403 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nicole Ronald Author-X-Name-First: Nicole Author-X-Name-Last: Ronald Author-Name: Russell Thompson Author-X-Name-First: Russell Author-X-Name-Last: Thompson Author-Name: Stephan Winter Author-X-Name-First: Stephan Author-X-Name-Last: Winter Title: Simulating Demand-responsive Transportation: A Review of Agent-based Approaches Abstract: In light of the need to make better use of existing transport infrastructure, demand-responsive transportation (DRT) systems are gaining traction internationally. However, many systems fail due to poor implementation, planning, and marketing. Being able to realistically simulate a system to evaluate its viability before implementation is important. This review investigates the application of agent-based simulation for studying DRT. We identify that existing simulations are strongly focused on the optimisation of trips, usually in favour of the operator, and rarely consider individual preferences and needs. Agent-based simulations, however, permit incorporation of the latter, as well as capture the interactions between operators and customers. Several areas of future research are identified in order to unify future research efforts. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 404-421 Issue: 4 Volume: 35 Year: 2015 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1017749 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1017749 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:35:y:2015:i:4:p:404-421 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Agnieszka Stelling-Kończak Author-X-Name-First: Agnieszka Author-X-Name-Last: Stelling-Kończak Author-Name: Marjan Hagenzieker Author-X-Name-First: Marjan Author-X-Name-Last: Hagenzieker Author-Name: Bert Van Wee Author-X-Name-First: Bert Van Author-X-Name-Last: Wee Title: Traffic Sounds and Cycling Safety: The Use of Electronic Devices by Cyclists and the Quietness of Hybrid and Electric Cars Abstract: The growing popularity of electric devices and the increasing number of hybrid and electric cars have recently raised concerns about the use of auditory signals by vulnerable road users. This paper consolidates current knowledge about the two trends in relation to cycling safety. Both a literature review and a crash data analysis were carried out. Based on a proposed conceptual model, knowledge gaps are identified that need to be addressed for a better understanding of the relation between limitations on auditory information while cycling. Results suggest that the concerns regarding the use of electronic devices while cycling and the advent of hybrid and electric vehicles are justified. Listening to music and conversing on the phone negatively influence cyclists' auditory perception, self-reported crash risk and cycling performance. With regard to electric cars, a recurring problem is their quietness at low speeds. Implications of these findings in terms of cycling safety are discussed. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 422-444 Issue: 4 Volume: 35 Year: 2015 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1017750 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1017750 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:35:y:2015:i:4:p:422-444 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ankit Gupta Author-X-Name-First: Ankit Author-X-Name-Last: Gupta Author-Name: Nitin Pundir Author-X-Name-First: Nitin Author-X-Name-Last: Pundir Title: Pedestrian Flow Characteristics Studies: A Review Abstract: Out of total trips made, the share of walking is considerable enough to warrant giving more emphasis to pedestrian flow studies in order to incorporate them in integrated design of urban areas. Analyses of pedestrian flow characteristics constitute one of the foundations of urban traffic planning and this includes analyzing walking speed, flow, density and space required by the pedestrians. As pedestrian flow characteristics are a location-based phenomenon, various researchers have studied these locally. An extensive review of literature is undertaken for various existing studies on pedestrian flow characteristics under different traffic conditions and on different pedestrian facilities in urban areas. These studies are focused on various parameters of pedestrian movement that are of fundamental importance in any pedestrian modeling approach. These parameters are pedestrian speeds and pedestrian speed-flow-density relationships. These studies aim to cast light on the need to provide exclusive pedestrian facilities and to correct any deficiency in facilities provided to the pedestrians. The review highlights the lack of a global and detailed consideration of pedestrian behavior along entire trips in urban areas. A set of studies of pedestrian flow characteristics are discussed thoroughly and general suggestions for further research in the field are presented at the end. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 445-465 Issue: 4 Volume: 35 Year: 2015 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1017866 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1017866 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:35:y:2015:i:4:p:445-465 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sonja Haustein Author-X-Name-First: Sonja Author-X-Name-Last: Haustein Author-Name: Anu Siren Author-X-Name-First: Anu Author-X-Name-Last: Siren Title: Older People's Mobility: Segments, Factors, Trends Abstract: The expanding older population is increasingly diverse with regard to, for example, age, income, location, and health. Within transport research, this diversity has recently been addressed in studies that segment the older population into homogeneous groups based on combinations of various demographic, health-related, or transport-related factors. This paper reviews these studies and compares the segments of older people that different studies have identified. First, as a result of a systematic comparison, we identified four generic segments: (1) an active car-oriented segment; (2) a car-dependent segment, restricted in mobility; (3) a mobile multi-modal segment; (4) and a segment depending on public transport and other services. Second, we examined the single factors used in the reviewed segmentation studies, with focus on whether there is evidence in the literature for the factors' effect on older people's travel behaviour. Based on this, we proposed a theoretical model on how the different determinants work together to form the four mobility patterns related to the identified segments. Finally, based on current trends and expectations, we assessed which segments are likely to increase or decrease in future generations of older people and what should be done to support the multi-optional and independent mobility of older people. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 466-487 Issue: 4 Volume: 35 Year: 2015 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1017867 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1017867 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:35:y:2015:i:4:p:466-487 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Francisco J. Bahamonde-Birke Author-X-Name-First: Francisco J. Author-X-Name-Last: Bahamonde-Birke Author-Name: Uwe Kunert Author-X-Name-First: Uwe Author-X-Name-Last: Kunert Author-Name: Heike Link Author-X-Name-First: Heike Author-X-Name-Last: Link Title: The Value of a Statistical Life in a Road Safety Context -- A Review of the Current Literature Abstract: This paper summarizes the state-of-the-art for assessing the value of a statistical life (VSL) as a component of the costs of road accidents. It focuses on the most popular approaches for assessing the VSL, with respect to its theoretical foundations, current state-of-research and empirical evidence. Our paper also provides a first (to our knowledge) compendium of results for the VSL based on Stated Choice (SC) methods. Among the analysed alternatives, the willingness-to-pay (WTP) appears to be the leading approach for assessing the VSL and the SC methods represent the current state-of-the-art for determining the WTP for non-market goods. We conclude that the SC approach overcomes some of the most important shortcomings of the alternative approaches and offers a significant flexibility that can be used to address its own limitations. We also identify a significant need for research, as a gap between the methods employed in research (SC methods) and the state-of-the-practice (other methods) has emerged. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 488-511 Issue: 4 Volume: 35 Year: 2015 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1025454 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1025454 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:35:y:2015:i:4:p:488-511 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paul van de Coevering Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: van de Coevering Author-Name: Kees Maat Author-X-Name-First: Kees Author-X-Name-Last: Maat Author-Name: Bert van Wee Author-X-Name-First: Bert Author-X-Name-Last: van Wee Title: Multi-period Research Designs for Identifying Causal Effects of Built Environment Characteristics on Travel Behaviour Abstract: To date, most empirical studies have applied cross-sectional designs to investigate the relationship between the built environment (BE) and travel behaviour (TB). Since these studies cannot identify causal influence, the use of designs that provide data on multiple moments in time seems necessary. This article classifies these designs and describes how they can be applied to identify causality in this relationship. We recommend the use of natural experiments to assess the impact of changes in land use/infrastructure and prospective longitudinal designs to assess the impact of residential or job moves. In addition, the role of the BE can be explored by assessing the impact of (1) deliberate TB change experiments and (2) changes in household circumstances across different spatial contexts over time. The use of randomised experimental designs is recommended for the former and prospective longitudinal designs for the latter. The article concludes with an outlook on future research. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 512-532 Issue: 4 Volume: 35 Year: 2015 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1025455 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1025455 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:35:y:2015:i:4:p:512-532 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Clare Linton Author-X-Name-First: Clare Author-X-Name-Last: Linton Author-Name: Susan Grant-Muller Author-X-Name-First: Susan Author-X-Name-Last: Grant-Muller Author-Name: William F. Gale Author-X-Name-First: William F. Author-X-Name-Last: Gale Title: Approaches and Techniques for Modelling CO2 Emissions from Road Transport Abstract: Transport accounts for around a quarter of CO2 emissions globally. Transport modelling provides a useful means to explore the dynamics, scale and magnitude of transport-related emissions. This paper explores the modelling tools available for analysing the emissions of CO2 from transport. Covering a range of techniques from transport microsimulation to global techno-economic models, this review provides insights into the various advantages and shortcomings of these tools. The paper also examines the value of having a broad range of perspectives for analysing emissions from transport. The paper concludes by suggesting that the broad range of models creates a rich environment for exploring a spectrum of policy questions around the emissions from transport, and the potential for combining modelling approaches further enhances the understanding that can be attained. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 533-553 Issue: 4 Volume: 35 Year: 2015 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1030004 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1030004 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:35:y:2015:i:4:p:533-553 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kenneth Button Author-X-Name-First: Kenneth Author-X-Name-Last: Button Title: Publishing Transport Research: Are We Learning Much of Use? Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 555-558 Issue: 5 Volume: 35 Year: 2015 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1070514 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1070514 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:35:y:2015:i:5:p:555-558 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ronan Doorley Author-X-Name-First: Ronan Author-X-Name-Last: Doorley Author-Name: Vikram Pakrashi Author-X-Name-First: Vikram Author-X-Name-Last: Pakrashi Author-Name: Bidisha Ghosh Author-X-Name-First: Bidisha Author-X-Name-Last: Ghosh Title: Quantifying the Health Impacts of Active Travel: Assessment of Methodologies Abstract: In the past several years, active travel (walking and cycling) has increasingly been recognized as an effective means of improving public health by increasing physical activity and by avoiding the negative externalities of motorized transport. The impacts of increased active travel on mortality and morbidity rates have been quantified through a range of methodologies. In this study, the existing publications in this field of research have been reviewed to compare and contrast the methodologies adapted and to identify the key considerations and the best practices. The publications were classified in terms of the health summary outcomes and exposure variables considered, the model structures used in the studies and the impact of these choices on the results. Increased physical activity was identified as the most important determinant of the health impacts of active travel but different ways of quantifying these health impacts can lead to substantial differences in the scale of the impact. Further research is required into the relationship between increased physical activity and health effects in order to reach consensus on the most reliable modelling approach for this important determinant of benefits. Critical discussions on other exposure variables have also been provided to ascertain best practices. Additionally, a logical flow of the modelling processes (and their variations) has also been illustrated which can be followed for developing future studies into the health impacts of active travel. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 559-582 Issue: 5 Volume: 35 Year: 2015 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1037378 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1037378 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:35:y:2015:i:5:p:559-582 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jianqiang Cui Author-X-Name-First: Jianqiang Author-X-Name-Last: Cui Author-Name: Jago Dodson Author-X-Name-First: Jago Author-X-Name-Last: Dodson Author-Name: Peter V. Hall Author-X-Name-First: Peter V. Author-X-Name-Last: Hall Title: Planning for Urban Freight Transport: An Overview Abstract: Urban freight transport is essential to the functioning of cities, but is also an activity that affects the urban environment and communities. Yet, freight is often overlooked in discussions of urban transport, in contrast to passenger modes. Much freight research emphasises questions of operations and network management but is less attentive to the links between freight transport and urban development. New efforts are needed to improve understanding of the link between urban freight and cities. This paper presents a broad discussion of the links between urban freight transport and urban planning through an overview of the literature in the field. The paper discusses key problems confronting planning and policies for urban freight transport in relation to its importance, impacts, interrelationship between stakeholders, institutions, influencing factors and challenges. The paper proposes a revitalised agenda for planning for urban freight and identifies key directions for further research, particularly around the land-use, environmental and institutional dimensions of urban freight management. By identifying major underdeveloped areas of urban freight research, the paper offers guidance as to key issues that will need to be addressed as freight grows as a proportion of the urban transport task. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 583-598 Issue: 5 Volume: 35 Year: 2015 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1038666 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1038666 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:35:y:2015:i:5:p:583-598 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Jothi Basu Author-X-Name-First: R. Author-X-Name-Last: Jothi Basu Author-Name: Nachiappan Subramanian Author-X-Name-First: Nachiappan Author-X-Name-Last: Subramanian Author-Name: Naoufel Cheikhrouhou Author-X-Name-First: Naoufel Author-X-Name-Last: Cheikhrouhou Title: Review of Full Truckload Transportation Service Procurement Abstract: This study was conducted to review the literature on full truckload (FTL) transportation service procurement and to identify the gaps from the perspectives of researchers and practitioners. FTL procurement in particular was reviewed because it is encountered more than others forms of procurement in freight movement, and it involves numerous challenges. A framework was developed to provide a systematic review of the literature, the findings of which are discussed in detail. Some key findings include the simplistic assumption of demand patterns, limited focus on non-price variables, a limited number of case studies, less consideration of sustainability aspects, and a lack of detailed studies on emerging economies. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 599-621 Issue: 5 Volume: 35 Year: 2015 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1038741 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1038741 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:35:y:2015:i:5:p:599-621 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P.C. Bueno Author-X-Name-First: P.C. Author-X-Name-Last: Bueno Author-Name: J.M. Vassallo Author-X-Name-First: J.M. Author-X-Name-Last: Vassallo Author-Name: K. Cheung Author-X-Name-First: K. Author-X-Name-Last: Cheung Title: Sustainability Assessment of Transport Infrastructure Projects: A Review of Existing Tools and Methods Abstract: Attempts to integrate sustainability in the decision-making process for transport infrastructure projects continue to gain momentum. A number of tools and methodological frameworks are available -- such as rating systems, traditional decision-making techniques, checklists, and different evaluation frameworks and models. While these tools are highly valuable, some practical issues remain unsolved. There is also a need for more standardized tools to appraise the sustainability of transport projects. This paper is a presentation of a review on the current assessment tools of sustainability applied to transport infrastructure projects. The preliminary part of the paper is an explanatory and comparative analysis of the tools and methods in terms of their effectiveness to appraise sustainability. The analysis is a critical evaluation of the current state of the art to identify the limitations of existing approaches, point out new areas of research, and propose a sustainability appraisal agenda for the future. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 622-649 Issue: 5 Volume: 35 Year: 2015 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1041435 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1041435 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:35:y:2015:i:5:p:622-649 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ruth Bergel-Hayat Author-X-Name-First: Ruth Author-X-Name-Last: Bergel-Hayat Author-Name: Joanna Zukowska Author-X-Name-First: Joanna Author-X-Name-Last: Zukowska Title: Road Safety Trends at National Level in Europe: A Review of Time-series Analysis Performed during the Period 2000-12 Abstract: This paper presents a review of time-series analysis of road safety trends, aggregated at a national level, which has been performed in the period 2000-12 and applied to European national data sets covering long time periods. It provides a guideline and set of best practices in the area of time-series modelling and identifies the latest methods and applications of national road safety trend analysis in Europe. The paper begins with the methodological framework adopted for aggregate time-series modelling that will be considered, and then discusses a number of relevant applications to long-period data aggregated at the national level, whether for countries alone, or for groups of countries. Some analyses, which were performed at the disaggregated level, are also provided, as they are being used more and more. Finally, the paper summarizes and discusses the significant changes in aggregate road safety trend analysis which occurred during the period and provides recommendations for continuing these research efforts. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 650-671 Issue: 5 Volume: 35 Year: 2015 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1030005 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1030005 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:35:y:2015:i:5:p:650-671 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christopher Zegras Author-X-Name-First: Christopher Author-X-Name-Last: Zegras Title: Transport, Climate Change and the City Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 672-674 Issue: 5 Volume: 35 Year: 2015 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1041436 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1041436 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:35:y:2015:i:5:p:672-674 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Banister Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Banister Title: Editorial Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 675-678 Issue: 6 Volume: 35 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1090775 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1090775 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:35:y:2015:i:6:p:675-678 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zachary Patterson Author-X-Name-First: Zachary Author-X-Name-Last: Patterson Author-Name: Steven Farber Author-X-Name-First: Steven Author-X-Name-Last: Farber Title: Potential Path Areas and Activity Spaces in Application: A Review Abstract: The potential path area (PPA) and activity space (AS) concepts play a central role in the substantial amount of applied research focusing on the quantitative analysis and description of people's spatial behaviour. Given this large literature, and the surprising lack of a formal review of the research, the time is ripe for a systematic review. This paper examines how the key concepts of PPAs and ASs have evolved, how they have been applied, what issues need to be resolved, and potential areas for future research. The review begins with the main theoretical developments influencing the applied use of these methods, and continues with a categorization of the literature across three dimensions -- research domain, methods of calculation and application purpose. We find that the methods have been used not only in the core originating fields of travel behaviour and transport geography, but also in health, criminology and demography, and are growing fastest in health. The methods have been applied to a number of purposes with applications to accessibility the most common and the fastest growing. Demonstrated interest in these methods, along with the technologies and data to facilitate them, suggests a bright future for the use of PPAs and ASs in the social sciences. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 679-700 Issue: 6 Volume: 35 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1042944 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1042944 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:35:y:2015:i:6:p:679-700 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nilesh Anand Author-X-Name-First: Nilesh Author-X-Name-Last: Anand Author-Name: Ron van Duin Author-X-Name-First: Ron Author-X-Name-Last: van Duin Author-Name: Hans Quak Author-X-Name-First: Hans Author-X-Name-Last: Quak Author-Name: Lori Tavasszy Author-X-Name-First: Lori Author-X-Name-Last: Tavasszy Title: Relevance of City Logistics Modelling Efforts: A Review Abstract: This paper presents a review of city logistics (also known as urban freight transportation) modelling efforts reported in the literature for urban freight analysis. The review is based on an extensive search of the academic literature. We position the contributions in a framework that takes into account the diversity and complexity found in the present-day city logistics practice. The framework covers the fundamental aspects in the modelling selection process, including: (1) the stakeholders involved in the model, (2) the defining criteria, that is the descriptor for modelling purpose, (3) the objective of the model and (4) the solution approach implemented for achieving the objective. In our discussion and overview, we take these situational factors as the starting point for categorizing and evaluating the city logistics modelling literature. The review analyses the trends of city logistics modelling research in terms of its relevance to city logistics problems and attempts to identify missing links in modelling the urban freight domain. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 701-719 Issue: 6 Volume: 35 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1052112 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1052112 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:35:y:2015:i:6:p:701-719 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jorg Roosen Author-X-Name-First: Jorg Author-X-Name-Last: Roosen Author-Name: Wim Marneffe Author-X-Name-First: Wim Author-X-Name-Last: Marneffe Author-Name: Lode Vereeck Author-X-Name-First: Lode Author-X-Name-Last: Vereeck Title: A Review of Comparative Vehicle Cost Analysis Abstract: A meta-analysis of 44 studies that conduct a private, external and/or total social cost comparison among conventional and electric vehicles shows that, independent of the studies' goals, the results are often misleading. This distortion occurs because of the omission of one or more relevant cost components and/or the impact of divergent and often unspecified assumptions, which is demonstrated through three detailed examples. Although 30 studies compared private costs, one-third only considered purchase and fuel costs and ignored other costs. Charging infrastructure and residual value were only considered in four and eight studies, respectively. Thirty-five authors performed an external cost evaluation, of which 12 were expressed in monetary terms. The majority of the non-monetary studies only consider one external polluting factor, which is generally CO2/GHG, whereas the monetary studies generally evaluate four or more polluting factors. Furthermore, this article drafts a methodological checklist that (1) defines the preferred evaluation methods according to the study goals, (2) includes all private and external costs in the production, acquisition, usage and disposal stages as well as the existing policy measures and (3) lists the general assumptions that should be specified. This checklist enhances consistent comparability among various social cost studies of different vehicle types, and it supports policy-makers in drafting evidence-based transportation policy conclusions. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 720-748 Issue: 6 Volume: 35 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1052113 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1052113 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:35:y:2015:i:6:p:720-748 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laurent Franckx Author-X-Name-First: Laurent Author-X-Name-Last: Franckx Title: Regulatory Emission Limits for Cars and the Porter Hypothesis: A Survey of the Literature Abstract: This paper reviews the available evidence on the relevance of the Porter hypothesis for automotive emission standards. The literature confirms that emission standards for cars have had important effects on innovation (the 'weak' form of the Porter hypothesis). However, there is no evidence that regulations lead to an overall increase in productivity (the 'strong' version of the Porter hypothesis). In line with the Porter hypothesis, strict emission standards may bring some 'first mover advantages' to leading countries. For instance, countries are more likely to have more stringent domestic vehicular emission standards if they export more automobiles and automobile components to countries which themselves have more stringent vehicular standards. There is also (mixed) evidence that countries which receive more inward foreign direct investment in the automotive sector are more likely to have more stringent domestic emission standards. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 749-766 Issue: 6 Volume: 35 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1072591 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1072591 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:35:y:2015:i:6:p:749-766 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jason Monios Author-X-Name-First: Jason Author-X-Name-Last: Monios Title: Identifying Governance Relationships Between Intermodal Terminals and Logistics Platforms Abstract: Governance theory examines different ways of managing resources and relationships in order to achieve a desired outcome. This paper applies governance theory to intermodal terminals and logistics platforms, extending previous work on ownership to include different operational models. An inductive methodology is used to derive a typology of governance relationships from an analysis of the transport and logistics literature. The classification developed in this paper explores different kinds of integration that can help support growth of intermodal transport services. The understanding of transport governance is extended via three key relationships: first, between the logistics platform and the site tenants (therefore, encouraging consolidation and efficiencies that can boost rail services at the site); second, between the terminal operator and rail service provision (which can aid service planning and train loading factors); and third, between the inland site (either terminal, logistics platform or both) and port(s), (thus enabling better planning and efficiency of port rail shuttles). Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 767-791 Issue: 6 Volume: 35 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1053103 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1053103 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:35:y:2015:i:6:p:767-791 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ela Babalik-Sutcliffe Author-X-Name-First: Ela Author-X-Name-Last: Babalik-Sutcliffe Author-Name: Elif Can Cengiz Author-X-Name-First: Elif Can Author-X-Name-Last: Cengiz Title: Bus Rapid Transit System in Istanbul: A Success Story or Flawed Planning Decision? Abstract: There is a growing tendency in cities around the world to invest in Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems in an attempt to improve the capacity and quality of public transport services. The appeal of BRTs is based on their ability to combine the service level of rail transit systems with the flexibility of buses at relatively lower investment costs, and this was the motivation behind the opening of such a system in the Turkish city of Istanbul in 2007. This system has attracted mixed opinions as to its performance, as while passenger ridership figures are extremely high, proving the effectiveness of the system, there is an argument that the corridor should have been developed with rail technology, and that the BRT is failing to meet the demand. The paper presents a comprehensive analysis of this system, assessing its planning and performance through a comparative analysis of a number of BRTs in the world and Istanbul's metro and tram systems. The analysis confirms the success of the system in terms of passenger statistics, but also highlights a number of problems in certain planning decisions that should be addressed, thus taking the discussion beyond a simplified comparison of bus and rail technologies. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 792-813 Issue: 6 Volume: 35 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1059381 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1059381 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:35:y:2015:i:6:p:792-813 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rebecca Shliselberg Author-X-Name-First: Rebecca Author-X-Name-Last: Shliselberg Title: Accessibility and Spatial Interaction Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 814-816 Issue: 6 Volume: 35 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1058302 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1058302 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:35:y:2015:i:6:p:814-816 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elliot Fishman Author-X-Name-First: Elliot Author-X-Name-Last: Fishman Title: Cycling as transport Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 1-8 Issue: 1 Volume: 36 Year: 2016 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1114271 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1114271 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:36:y:2016:i:1:p:1-8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ralph Buehler Author-X-Name-First: Ralph Author-X-Name-Last: Buehler Author-Name: Jennifer Dill Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer Author-X-Name-Last: Dill Title: Bikeway Networks: A Review of Effects on Cycling Abstract: Research linking bikeway infrastructure and cycling levels has increased significantly over the last 20 years — with the strongest growth since 2010. The research has evolved from the study of lanes and paths, to include analyses of the role of intersection treatments, and finally to studies that attempt to measure the whole bike network. Most studies suggest a positive relationship between bikeway networks or aspects of the network and cycling levels. Stated and revealed-preference studies suggest a hierarchy of cyclist and non-cyclist preferences may exist, favoring separate paths and/or lanes over cycling on roadways with traffic — particularly with high volumes of fast-moving motorized traffic. Revealed- and stated-route-choice studies indicate that intersections have negative effects on the cycling experience, but that certain features can offset this. The research correlating link and node characteristics to cycling implies that networks of such facilities would have positive effects, though very few empirical studies link complex measures of the network to cycling levels. In spite of an increase in studies and general agreement among findings, several important research gaps remain, including empirical studies using comprehensive network measures and studies of specific facility designs and new types of facilities (including intersection treatments). Improved research methods are necessary, including better sampling, longitudinal studies, greater geographic diversity, and incorporating more control variables, including policies. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 9-27 Issue: 1 Volume: 36 Year: 2016 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1069908 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1069908 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:36:y:2016:i:1:p:9-27 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rachel Aldred Author-X-Name-First: Rachel Author-X-Name-Last: Aldred Author-Name: James Woodcock Author-X-Name-First: James Author-X-Name-Last: Woodcock Author-Name: Anna Goodman Author-X-Name-First: Anna Author-X-Name-Last: Goodman Title: Does More Cycling Mean More Diversity in Cycling? Abstract: In low-cycling countries, cycling is not evenly distributed across genders and age groups. In the UK, men are twice as likely as women to cycle to work and cycling tends to be dominated by younger adults. By contrast, in higher cycling countries and cities, gender differences are low, absent, or in the opposite direction. Such places also lack the UK's steady decline in cycling among those aged over 35 years. Over the past fifteen years some UK local areas have seen increases in cycling. This paper analyses data from the English and Welsh Census 2001 and 2011 to examine whether such increases are associated with greater diversity among cyclists. We find that in areas where cycling has increased, there has been no increase in the representation of females, and a decrease in the representation of older adults. We discuss potential causes and policy implications. Importantly, simply increasing cycling modal share has not proved sufficient to create an inclusive cycling culture. The UK's culturally specific factors limiting female take-up of cycling seem to remain in place, even where cycling has gone up. Creating a mass cycling culture may require deliberately targeting infrastructure and policies towards currently under-represented groups. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 28-44 Issue: 1 Volume: 36 Year: 2016 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1014451 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1014451 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:36:y:2016:i:1:p:28-44 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thomas Götschi Author-X-Name-First: Thomas Author-X-Name-Last: Götschi Author-Name: Jan Garrard Author-X-Name-First: Jan Author-X-Name-Last: Garrard Author-Name: Billie Giles-Corti Author-X-Name-First: Billie Author-X-Name-Last: Giles-Corti Title: Cycling as a Part of Daily Life: A Review of Health Perspectives Abstract: Health aspects of day-to-day cycling have gained attention from the health sector aiming to increase levels of physical activity, and from the transport and planning sector, to justify investments in cycling. We review and discuss the main pathways between cycling and health under two perspectives — generalizable epidemiological evidence for health effects and specific impact modeling to quantify health impacts in concrete settings. Substantial benefits from physical activity dominate the public health impacts of cycling. Epidemiological evidence is strong and impact modeling is well advanced. Injuries amount to a smaller impact on the population level, but affect crash victims disproportionately and perceived risks deter potential cyclists. Basic data on crash risks are available, but evidence on determinants of risks is limited and impact models are highly dependent on local factors. Risks from air pollution can be assumed to be small, with limited evidence for cycling-specific mechanisms. Based on a large body of evidence, planners, health professionals, and decision-makers can rest assured that benefits from cycling-related physical activity are worth pursuing. Safety improvements should be part of the efforts to promote cycling, both to minimize negative impacts and to lower barriers to cycling for potential riders. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 45-71 Issue: 1 Volume: 36 Year: 2016 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1057877 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1057877 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:36:y:2016:i:1:p:45-71 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elliot Fishman Author-X-Name-First: Elliot Author-X-Name-Last: Fishman Author-Name: Christopher Cherry Author-X-Name-First: Christopher Author-X-Name-Last: Cherry Title: E-bikes in the Mainstream: Reviewing a Decade of Research Abstract: Electric bicycles (e-bikes) represent one of the fastest growing segments of the transport market. Over 31 million e-bikes were sold in 2012. Research has followed this growth and this paper provides a synthesis of the most pertinent themes emerging over the past on the burgeoning topic of e-bikes. The focus is transport rather than recreational e-bike research, as well as the most critical research gaps requiring attention. China leads the world in e-bike sales, followed by the Netherlands and Germany. E-bikes can maintain speed with less effort. E-bikes are found to increase bicycle usage. E-bikes have the potential to displace conventional motorised (internal combustion) modes, but there are open questions about their role in displacing traditional bicycles. E-bikes have been shown to provide health benefits and an order of magnitude less carbon dioxide than a car travelling the same distance. Safety issues have emerged as a policy issue in several jurisdictions and e-bike numbers are now approaching levels in which adequate safety data are able to be collected. Research on e-bikes is still in its infancy. As e-bike usage continues to grow, so too will the need for further research, in order to provide the necessary data to inform policy-makers and industry. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 72-91 Issue: 1 Volume: 36 Year: 2016 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1069907 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1069907 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:36:y:2016:i:1:p:72-91 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elliot Fishman Author-X-Name-First: Elliot Author-X-Name-Last: Fishman Title: Bikeshare: A Review of Recent Literature Abstract: The number of cities offering bikeshare has increased rapidly, from just a handful in the late 1990s to over 800 currently. This paper provides a review of recent bikeshare literature. Several themes have begun to emerge from studies examining bikeshare. Convenience is the major motivator for bikeshare use. Financial savings has been found to motivate those on a low income and the distance one lives from a docking station is an important predictor for bikeshare membership. In a range of countries, it has been found that just under 50% of bikeshare members use the system less than once a month. Men use bikeshare more than women, but the imbalance is not as dramatic as private bike riding (at least in low cycling countries). Commuting is the most common trip purpose for annual members. Users are less likely than private cyclists to wear helmets, but in countries with mandatory helmet legislation, usage levels have suffered. Bikeshare users appear less likely to be injured than private bike riders. Future directions include integration with e-bikes, GPS (global positioning system), dockless systems and improved public transport integration. Greater research is required to quantify the impacts of bikeshare, in terms of mode choice, emissions, congestion and health. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 92-113 Issue: 1 Volume: 36 Year: 2016 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1033036 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1033036 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:36:y:2016:i:1:p:92-113 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gustavo Romanillos Author-X-Name-First: Gustavo Author-X-Name-Last: Romanillos Author-Name: Martin Zaltz Austwick Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Zaltz Austwick Author-Name: Dick Ettema Author-X-Name-First: Dick Author-X-Name-Last: Ettema Author-Name: Joost De Kruijf Author-X-Name-First: Joost Author-X-Name-Last: De Kruijf Title: Big Data and Cycling Abstract: Big Data has begun to create significant impacts in urban and transport planning. This paper covers the explosion in data-driven research on cycling, most of which has occurred in the last ten years. We review the techniques, objectives and findings of a growing number of studies we have classified into three groups according to the nature of the data they are based on: GPS data (spatio-temporal data collected using the global positioning system (GPS)), live point data and journey data. We discuss the movement from small-scale GPS studies to the ‘Big GPS’ data sets held by fitness and leisure apps or specific cycling initiatives, the impact of Bike Share Programmes (BSP) on the availability of timely point data and the potential of historical journey data for trend analysis and pattern recognition. We conclude by pointing towards the possible new insights through combining these data sets with each other -- and with more conventional health, socio-demographic or transport data. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 114-133 Issue: 1 Volume: 36 Year: 2016 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1084067 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1084067 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:36:y:2016:i:1:p:114-133 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lucas Harms Author-X-Name-First: Lucas Author-X-Name-Last: Harms Author-Name: Luca Bertolini Author-X-Name-First: Luca Author-X-Name-Last: Bertolini Author-Name: Marco Te Brömmelstroet Author-X-Name-First: Marco Te Author-X-Name-Last: Brömmelstroet Title: Performance of Municipal Cycling Policies in Medium-Sized Cities in the Netherlands since 2000 Abstract: With its high cycling mode share, the Netherlands is often seen as a best practice for cycling policies. However, there is little insight into the drivers behind this phenomenon, specifically which policy interventions increased cycling rates and which did not. The knowledge gap on the effectiveness of cycling policies seriously limits the potential for learning from the Dutch experience. This paper will address this gap, by exploring the performance of Dutch cycling policies in 22 medium-sized cities since 2000. First, the existing ideas regarding the effectiveness of cycling policy are reviewed. These insights structure the exploration of data from Statistics Netherlands and the Dutch Cyclists' Union, complemented with a survey of local policy-makers by means of an explorative data-mining methodology called rough set analysis. Our findings support the following hypotheses regarding the performance of cycling policy in Dutch cities: first of all, the way cycling policy is implemented seems important: setting measurable and verifiable goals, following through with most of the proposed policy interventions, allowing for experimental measures to be explored and showing strong leadership. Second, providing adequate cycling infrastructure and decreasing the attractiveness of car use (e.g. by increasing parking tariffs and increasing the area of paid on-street car parking) seem to be key drivers. Finally, we found that external circumstances, such as demographic trends, seem to influence cycling policy outcomes. Future research is needed to test these hypotheses. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 134-162 Issue: 1 Volume: 36 Year: 2016 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1059380 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1059380 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:36:y:2016:i:1:p:134-162 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Phillip Darnton Author-X-Name-First: Phillip Author-X-Name-Last: Darnton Title: Why do cyclists just talk to themselves? Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 163-166 Issue: 1 Volume: 36 Year: 2016 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1114270 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1114270 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:36:y:2016:i:1:p:163-166 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Athena Roumboutsos Author-X-Name-First: Athena Author-X-Name-Last: Roumboutsos Title: Public Private Partnerships in Transport Infrastructure Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 167-169 Issue: 2 Volume: 36 Year: 2016 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2016.1134044 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2016.1134044 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:36:y:2016:i:2:p:167-169 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Robert Osei -- Kyei Author-X-Name-First: Robert Author-X-Name-Last: Osei -- Kyei Author-Name: Albert P.C. Chan Author-X-Name-First: Albert P.C. Author-X-Name-Last: Chan Title: Developing Transport Infrastructure in Sub-Saharan Africa through Public--Private Partnerships: Policy Practice and Implications Abstract: A<sc>bstract</sc> In contemporary times, Public--Private Partnership (PPP) in transport infrastructure has gained considerable attention in developing regions following its success in the developed countries. However, Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is among the developing regions with few transport PPP projects and among the regions with high number of failed projects. Meanwhile the region's transport infrastructure need far exceeds it current provision. This paper therefore aims to examine the project experiences (success and failure factors) of three highly profiled transport PPP projects, namely the Lekki toll road concession project (Nigeria), N4 toll road (South Africa/Mozambique) and Port of Maputo (Mozambique) in order to develop policy measures for effective future implementation. The experiences of the three projects show that transport PPP policy is indeed feasible in SSA. However, to realise its full applicability, proper policy actions and measures must be carefully observed and these include effective and efficient stakeholder management, transparent and competitive tendering process, high participation of local investors, stable macro-economic conditions and strong government commitment and regulatory framework. The projects experiences and policy actions developed are impactful in accelerating transport infrastructure development through PPP approach in SSA. Hence it is hoped that policy-makers and practitioners would be informed on the key strategies to employ in implementing future projects. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 170-186 Issue: 2 Volume: 36 Year: 2016 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1077288 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1077288 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:36:y:2016:i:2:p:170-186 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alejandro Ortega Author-X-Name-First: Alejandro Author-X-Name-Last: Ortega Author-Name: Maria de los Angeles Baeza Author-X-Name-First: Maria Author-X-Name-Last: de los Angeles Baeza Author-Name: Jose Manuel Vassallo Author-X-Name-First: Jose Manuel Author-X-Name-Last: Vassallo Title: Contractual PPPs for Transport Infrastructure in Spain: Lessons from the Economic Recession Abstract: In this paper, we analyse the successes and failures of contractual public-private partnerships (PPPs) for delivering and operating transport infrastructure in Spain from the award of the first toll highway concession programme to the present. To that end, we show the risk allocation principles used in Spain and explore the evolution of the contracting approaches over the years. We found that the performance was reasonably good until the arrival of the economic crisis in 2008. Taking advantage of that, we make a review of contractual PPPs for different transport modes and assess the impact that the economic crisis has had on their business performance and the capacity of the central and regional governments to fulfil their commitments with the private sector. This analysis enabled us to identify measures that, if had been applied, would have improved the resilience of these contract during the economic crisis. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 187-206 Issue: 2 Volume: 36 Year: 2016 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1076904 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1076904 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:36:y:2016:i:2:p:187-206 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carlos Fernandes Author-X-Name-First: Carlos Author-X-Name-Last: Fernandes Author-Name: Miguel Ferreira Author-X-Name-First: Miguel Author-X-Name-Last: Ferreira Author-Name: Filipe Moura Author-X-Name-First: Filipe Author-X-Name-Last: Moura Title: PPPs — True Financial Costs and Hidden Returns Abstract: A<sc>bstract</sc> The cost of using private finance is at the centre of the public private partnerships (PPPs) debate, but until now most works considered only the direct financial costs such as the loan interest rate and the shareholders return on equity and were based on various secondary sources. This paper focuses on seven shadow toll deals closed in Portugal between 1999 and 2002 and reports the financial costs of the PPP model considering also the associated transaction costs and is based on detailed information included in each concession's financial base case. The transaction costs include financial costs such as banking fees, due diligence costs and the impact of all cash distribution traps, such as reserve accounts or minimum-level of debt ratios. The PPP financial costs were then compared with the costs arising from raising public debt through a government or a public agency bond. Our analysis shows that the PPP ‘true' financing costs are, on average, 370 basis points above the cost of raising public debt and that the ‘transaction costs' account for around 40% of that financial premium. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 207-227 Issue: 2 Volume: 36 Year: 2016 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1076905 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1076905 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:36:y:2016:i:2:p:207-227 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zhenhua Chen Author-X-Name-First: Zhenhua Author-X-Name-Last: Chen Author-Name: Nobuhiko Daito Author-X-Name-First: Nobuhiko Author-X-Name-Last: Daito Author-Name: Jonathan L. Gifford Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan L. Author-X-Name-Last: Gifford Title: Data Review of Transportation Infrastructure Public--Private Partnership: A Meta-Analysis Abstract: A<sc>bstract</sc> The limited understanding of public--private partnerships (P3s) for transportation infrastructure finance has been generally attributed to a lack of data. The more fundamental question of how P3 data are utilized in the literature is more relevant and critical, but remains unclear. This study investigates this question by examining the linkages between research objectives and data characteristics through a meta-analysis of infrastructure P3 studies using multinomial regressions. It analyzes 95 empirical studies that adopt actual data, selected from a P3 research database that includes over 345 studies and are classified into five categories including performance, contract, risk, value for money, and institutional factors. Results show that the case studies are less frequently utilized to understand P3s' institutional issues compared to those that focus on P3s' performance or VFM. Survey data are more frequently used to study P3 contracts rather than issues related to P3 project risk. We highlight the need for policy-makers to require continuing disclosure of P3 performance for validating the effectiveness of the procurement model and to improve the practice. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 228-250 Issue: 2 Volume: 36 Year: 2016 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1076535 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1076535 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:36:y:2016:i:2:p:228-250 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ryan F. Allard Author-X-Name-First: Ryan F. Author-X-Name-Last: Allard Author-Name: Filipe Moura Author-X-Name-First: Filipe Author-X-Name-Last: Moura Title: The Incorporation of Passenger Connectivity and Intermodal Considerations in Intercity Transport Planning Abstract: Congested road and air networks, coupled with the idea that transport systems should be balanced, have spawned the field of intercity intermodal passenger transport which is based on travel across connected networks that is as seamless as possible. There is a very large number of attributes that affect the objective and subjective quality of travel. Intercity public transport planning therefore requires an excellent understanding of connections between different services and how the quality of these connections affects passengers, operators and the society at large. This article reviews the vast literature over the last 20 years from Europe, North America and Asia that is related to intercity travel, the connectivity of transport and cooperation between different modes of transport and presents a simple yet powerful way to perceive connected transport systems. The article then reviews planning practice at a variety of states worldwide, and suggests a set of focus areas of research or gaps that once filled, the authors expect, will allow further development of connected intercity passenger travel. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 251-277 Issue: 2 Volume: 36 Year: 2016 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1059379 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1059379 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:36:y:2016:i:2:p:251-277 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bert Van Wee Author-X-Name-First: Bert Van Author-X-Name-Last: Wee Author-Name: David Banister Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Banister Title: How to Write a Literature Review Paper? Abstract: A<sc>bstract</sc> This paper discusses the question about how to write a literature review paper (LRP). It stresses the primary importance of adding value, rather than only providing an overview, and it then discusses some of the reasons for (or not) actually writing an LRP, including issues relating to the nature and scope of the paper. It also presents different types of LRPs, advises on reporting the methodology used for the selection of papers for review, and the structure of an LRP. An important conclusion is that the heterogeneity in LRPs is very large. This paper also presents some of the aspects that the authors feel are important structural and contextual considerations that help produce high-quality review papers. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 278-288 Issue: 2 Volume: 36 Year: 2016 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1065456 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1065456 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:36:y:2016:i:2:p:278-288 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David A. Hensher Author-X-Name-First: David A. Author-X-Name-Last: Hensher Title: Why is Light Rail Starting to Dominate Bus Rapid Transit Yet Again? Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 289-292 Issue: 3 Volume: 36 Year: 2016 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2016.1155851 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2016.1155851 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:36:y:2016:i:3:p:289-292 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paulo Rui Anciaes Author-X-Name-First: Paulo Rui Author-X-Name-Last: Anciaes Author-Name: Peter Jones Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Jones Author-Name: Jennifer S. Mindell Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer S. Author-X-Name-Last: Mindell Title: Community Severance: Where Is It Found and at What Cost? Abstract: Community severance occurs when transport infrastructure or motorised traffic divides space and people. Despite the growing awareness of its effects on the wellbeing of local communities, the problem is not usually assessed quantitatively or assigned a monetary value. This paper reviews existing practice and research on quantitative methods dealing with community severance. The problem is first decomposed into a series of questions, which are then used as a base to review the methods found in governmental guidance documents, technical reports, and academic studies. The paper ends with recommendations for the integration of severance issues into transport planning. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 293-317 Issue: 3 Volume: 36 Year: 2016 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1077286 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1077286 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:36:y:2016:i:3:p:293-317 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Walanchalee Wattanacharoensil Author-X-Name-First: Walanchalee Author-X-Name-Last: Wattanacharoensil Author-Name: Markus Schuckert Author-X-Name-First: Markus Author-X-Name-Last: Schuckert Author-Name: Anne Graham Author-X-Name-First: Anne Author-X-Name-Last: Graham Title: An Airport Experience Framework from a Tourism Perspective Abstract: This study, by integrating the perspectives of sociological, psychological, and service marketing and management, all of which affect the passenger experience, proposes a theoretical framework for the creation of the airport experience in relation to tourism. This research responds to the current phenomenon in which airports are offering other types of experiences within the airport terminal, expanding the role of an airport from being a utility for transportation into a place where various and different values can be offered. This research explores the current airport experience and adds to research on airport experience by clarifying ten key components necessary for airport passenger experience propositions based on existing research, the current industry phenomena, and the empirical study. The paper also underlines those components that can enhance passenger experience in relation to tourism and highlights the role that airports contribute to a destination. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 318-340 Issue: 3 Volume: 36 Year: 2016 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1077287 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1077287 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:36:y:2016:i:3:p:318-340 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Felix Creutzig Author-X-Name-First: Felix Author-X-Name-Last: Creutzig Title: Evolving Narratives of Low-Carbon Futures in Transportation Abstract: Scenarios of low-carbon transport demonstrate that a vast range of different outcomes is possible and contingent on policy, technology and cultural developments. But a closer look indicates that different schools of thought suggest possible pathways diverging in their fine structure. This perspective reveals how three different scientific communities — integrated assessment modelers, transport-sector modelers, and place-based modelers — emphasize distinct solution domains. While integrated assessment models focus on fuel composition, transport-sector models put slightly higher emphasis on efficiency measures; in turn place-based research specifies idiosyncratic behavioral and infrastructural mitigation options that are likely to be beneficial in realizing local co-benefits. These specific local approaches could mitigate urban transport emissions by 20--50%, higher than that revealed in aggregate global models. We discuss differences in approach, possibilities for reconciliation, and the implications of normative assumptions. Targeted three-directional interactions would foster comprehensive understanding of possible low-carbon transportation futures. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 341-360 Issue: 3 Volume: 36 Year: 2016 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1079277 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1079277 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:36:y:2016:i:3:p:341-360 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luc Pellecuer Author-X-Name-First: Luc Author-X-Name-Last: Pellecuer Author-Name: Gabriel Assaf Author-X-Name-First: Gabriel Author-X-Name-Last: Assaf Author-Name: Michèle St-Jacques Author-X-Name-First: Michèle Author-X-Name-Last: St-Jacques Title: Towards the Incorporation of Environmental Impacts into Pavement Management Systems Abstract: Environmental nuisances (such as greenhouse gases and noise) may be generated during the use phase of the pavement life cycle, with these known to significantly affect the environment. However, no attempt has yet been made to gather information concerning the processes involved in the generation of environmental impacts, and to evaluate them. To address this issue, this paper reviews the knowledge base and relevant methods relating to environmental impact assessment and pavement management. It then presents a conceptual model, integrating impact pathway approach and life cycle cost analysis principles and providing a comprehensive framework for quantification and incorporation of environmental impacts into pavement management. This study shows that pavement management influences environmental impacts occurring during the use phase of the pavement life cycle. It establishes causal links between pavement management and nuisance generation, between nuisances and their impact on receptors, and finally between these impacts and their costs. This study also suggests that incorporating environmental impacts into pavement management systems is feasible and describes how existing and future methodologies and tools may be integrated to support this incorporation. Finally, this study underlines that the inaccuracy of current knowledge and data limits the scope of this conceptual model to network-level decisions. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 361-382 Issue: 3 Volume: 36 Year: 2016 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1079745 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1079745 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:36:y:2016:i:3:p:361-382 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eren Erman Ozguven Author-X-Name-First: Eren Erman Author-X-Name-Last: Ozguven Author-Name: Mark W. Horner Author-X-Name-First: Mark W. Author-X-Name-Last: Horner Author-Name: Ayberk Kocatepe Author-X-Name-First: Ayberk Author-X-Name-Last: Kocatepe Author-Name: Jean Michael Marcelin Author-X-Name-First: Jean Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Marcelin Author-Name: Yassir Abdelrazig Author-X-Name-First: Yassir Author-X-Name-Last: Abdelrazig Author-Name: Thobias Sando Author-X-Name-First: Thobias Author-X-Name-Last: Sando Author-Name: Ren Moses Author-X-Name-First: Ren Author-X-Name-Last: Moses Title: Metadata-based Needs Assessment for Emergency Transportation Operations with a Focus on an Aging Population: A Case Study in Florida Abstract: In the aftermath of disasters, evacuating aging victims and maintaining an optimal flow of critical resources in order to serve their needs becomes problematic, especially for Gulf Coast states in the USA such as Florida, where more than 6.9 million (36.9%) of the population are over age 50. Scanning the literature, there is no substantial prior work that has synthesized the requirements for a multi-modal emergency needs assessment that could facilitate the safe and accessible evacuation of aging people, and optimize the flow of resources into the affected region to satisfy the needs of those who remain. This paper presents a review of the aging population-focused emergency literature utilizing a knowledge base development methodology supported with a geographic information system-based case study application set in Florida. Importance is given to both ensuring the resiliency of the transportation infrastructure and meeting the needs of aging populations. As a result of this metadata-based analysis, critical research needs and challenges are presented with planning recommendations and future research directions. Results clearly indicate that transportation agencies should focus on clear and fast dissemination of disaster-related information to the aging populations. The use of paratransit services for evacuating aging people, especially those living independently and/or in rural areas, is also found to be of paramount importance. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 383-412 Issue: 3 Volume: 36 Year: 2016 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1082516 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1082516 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:36:y:2016:i:3:p:383-412 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michel Savy Author-X-Name-First: Michel Author-X-Name-Last: Savy Title: Logistics as a political issue Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 413-417 Issue: 4 Volume: 36 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2016.1182793 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2016.1182793 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:36:y:2016:i:4:p:413-417 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alan C. McKinnon Author-X-Name-First: Alan C. Author-X-Name-Last: McKinnon Title: Freight Transport Deceleration: Its Possible Contribution to the Decarbonisation of Logistics Abstract: A<sc>bstract</sc> The paper challenges the conventional view that the movement of goods through supply chains must continue to accelerate. The compression of freight transit times has been one of the most enduring logistics trends but may not be compatible with governmental climate change policies to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 60--80% by 2050. Opportunities for cutting CO2 emissions by ‘despeeding' are explored within a freight decarbonisation framework and split into three categories: direct, indirect and consequential. Discussion of the direct carbon savings focuses on the trucking and deep-sea container sectors, where there is clear evidence that slower operation cuts cost, energy and emissions and can be accommodated within current supply chain requirements. Indirect emission reductions could accrue from more localised sourcing and a relaxation of just-in-time (JIT) replenishment. Acceleration of logistical activities other than transport could offset increases in freight transit times, allowing the overall carbon intensity of supply chains to reduce with minimal loss of performance. Consequential deceleration results from other decarbonisation initiatives such as freight modal split and a shift to lower carbon fuels. Having reviewed evidence drawn from a broad range of sources, the paper concludes that freight deceleration is a promising decarbonisation option, but raises a number of important issues that will require new empirical research. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 418-436 Issue: 4 Volume: 36 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1137992 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1137992 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:36:y:2016:i:4:p:418-436 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Olaf Jonkeren Author-X-Name-First: Olaf Author-X-Name-Last: Jonkeren Author-Name: Piet Rietveld Author-X-Name-First: Piet Author-X-Name-Last: Rietveld Title: Protection of Critical Waterborne Transport Infrastructures: An Economic Review Abstract: It is essential that transport infrastructures are protected against events which cause their failure. At an optimal level of protection, the sum of protection costs and expected residual damages following from disruptions will be minimized. In most cases however, this optimal level is not achieved because infrastructure protection is susceptible to various market and government failures. This brings us to the question who (a private or public actor) should do how much (the level of protection and intervention). This question is addressed in the present paper.The starting point of the paper is the Directive of the European Council on the identification and designation of European Critical Infrastructures. We review the protection of critical waterborne transport infrastructures from an economic perspective. The review is based on a literature study and several interviews with Critical Infrastructure experts. For the studied infrastructures, we have identified causes and effects of their failure and examined the private--public roles in protecting them. Considering the market and government failures which occur in such configuration of roles, we propose several changes. We conclude that from a national policy perspective there are two important routes: (1) reinforcement of private sector roles among others by defining liabilities and providing information on risks and (2) strengthening of supra-national collaboration via improving and standardizing regulations, cost-sharing initiatives and penalty systems. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 437-453 Issue: 4 Volume: 36 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1137654 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1137654 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:36:y:2016:i:4:p:437-453 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Longsheng Sun Author-X-Name-First: Longsheng Author-X-Name-Last: Sun Author-Name: Mark H. Karwan Author-X-Name-First: Mark H. Author-X-Name-Last: Karwan Author-Name: Changhyun Kwon Author-X-Name-First: Changhyun Author-X-Name-Last: Kwon Title: Incorporating Driver Behaviors in Network Design Problems: Challenges and Opportunities Abstract: The goal of a network design problem (NDP) is to make optimal decisions to achieve a certain objective such as minimizing total travel time or maximizing tolls collected in the network. A critical component to NDP is how travelers make their route choices. Researchers in transportation have adopted human decision theories to describe more accurate route choice behaviors. In this paper, we review the NDP with various route choice models: the random utility model (RUM), random regret-minimization (RRM) model, bounded rationality (BR), cumulative prospect theory (CPT), the fuzzy logic model (FLM) and dynamic learning models. Moreover, we identify challenges in applying behavioral route choice models to NDP and opportunities for future research. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 454-478 Issue: 4 Volume: 36 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1091047 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1091047 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:36:y:2016:i:4:p:454-478 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cheng Cheng Author-X-Name-First: Cheng Author-X-Name-Last: Cheng Author-Name: Yuchuan Du Author-X-Name-First: Yuchuan Author-X-Name-Last: Du Author-Name: Lijun Sun Author-X-Name-First: Lijun Author-X-Name-Last: Sun Author-Name: Yuxiong Ji Author-X-Name-First: Yuxiong Author-X-Name-Last: Ji Title: Review on Theoretical Delay Estimation Model for Signalized Intersections Abstract: Traffic delay is an effective index for estimating the performance of a signalized intersection. In this study, we provide a comprehensive review of the theoretical delay estimation model over the last ca. 90 years. For fixed-time signalized intersections, we classified the estimation development process into three stages. Stage 1 covered 1920s--1970s, when approaches based on steady-state theory were derived. These methods obtain accurate predictions with low degrees of saturation, but overestimate the delay with higher saturation and cannot provide reasonable results for oversaturated conditions. To accommodate high saturation, time-dependent models were proposed and improved in Stage 2, 1970s--2000s, using coordination transformation techniques. Progression factors to account for the filtering impact from upstream intersections were also introduced during this period. Due to inaccurate approximation of certain specific traffic conditions, some modified approaches and supplementary terms were derived from 2000 onwards (Stage 3), which facilitate the evolution of the delay estimation method and improved approximation results. Some new techniques, including artificial intelligence algorithms, were also introduced into delay estimation in this era. We also describe theoretical delay measurement methods for actuated control intersections with a similar time line. From our summary of the evolution of theoretical delay models, we highlight some deficiencies and future research directions. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 479-499 Issue: 4 Volume: 36 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1091048 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1091048 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:36:y:2016:i:4:p:479-499 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jens Parbo Author-X-Name-First: Jens Author-X-Name-Last: Parbo Author-Name: Otto Anker Nielsen Author-X-Name-First: Otto Anker Author-X-Name-Last: Nielsen Author-Name: Carlo Giacomo Prato Author-X-Name-First: Carlo Giacomo Author-X-Name-Last: Prato Title: Passenger Perspectives in Railway Timetabling: A Literature Review Abstract: When looking at railway planning, a discrepancy exists between planners who focus on the train operations and publish fixed railway schedules, and passengers who look not only at the schedules but also at the entirety of their trip, from access to waiting to on-board travel and egress. Looking into this discrepancy is essential, as assessing railway performances by merely measuring train punctuality would provide an unfair picture of the level of service experienced by passengers. Firstly, passengers’ delays are often significantly larger than the train delays responsible for the passengers to be late. Secondly, trains’ punctuality is often strictly related to too tight schedules that in turn might translate into knock-on delays for longer dwelling times at stations, trip delays for increased risk of missing transfer connections, and uncertain assessment of the level of service experienced, especially with fluctuating passenger demand. A key aspect is the robustness of railway timetables. Empirical evidence indicates that passengers give more importance to travel time certainty than travel time reductions, as passengers associate an inherent disutility with travel time uncertainty. This disutility may be broadly interpreted as an anxiety cost for the need for having contingency plans in case of disruptions, and may be looked at as the motivator for the need for delay-robust railway timetables. Interestingly, passenger-oriented optimisation studies considering robustness in railway planning typically limit their emphasis on passengers to the consideration of transfer maintenance. Clearly, passengers’ travel behaviour is far more complex and multi-faceted and thus several other aspects should be considered, as becoming more and more evident from passenger surveys. The current literature review starts by looking at the parameters that railway optimisation/planning studies are focused on and the key performance indicators that impact railway planning. The attention then turns to the parameters influencing passengers’ perceptions and travel experiences. Finally, the review proposes guidelines on how to reduce the gap between the operators’ railway planning and performance measurement on the one hand and the passengers’ perception of the railway performance on the other hand. Thereby, the conclusions create a foundation for a more passenger-oriented railway timetabling ensuring that passengers are provided with the best service possible with the resources available. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 500-526 Issue: 4 Volume: 36 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1113574 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1113574 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:36:y:2016:i:4:p:500-526 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mariska van Essen Author-X-Name-First: Mariska Author-X-Name-Last: van Essen Author-Name: Tom Thomas Author-X-Name-First: Tom Author-X-Name-Last: Thomas Author-Name: Eric van Berkum Author-X-Name-First: Eric Author-X-Name-Last: van Berkum Author-Name: Caspar Chorus Author-X-Name-First: Caspar Author-X-Name-Last: Chorus Title: From user equilibrium to system optimum: a literature review on the role of travel information, bounded rationality and non-selfish behaviour at the network and individual levels Abstract: Travel information continues to receive significant attention in the field of travel behaviour research, as it is expected to help reduce congestion by directing the network state from a user equilibrium towards a more efficient system optimum. This literature review contributes to the existing literature in at least two ways. First, it considers both the individual perspective and the network perspective when assessing the potential effects of travel information, in contrast to earlier studies. Secondly, it highlights the role of bounded rationality as well as that of non-selfish behaviour in route choice and in response to information, complementing earlier reviews that mostly focused on bounded rationality only. It is concluded that information strategies should be tailor-made to an individual's level of rationality as well as level of selfishness in order to approach system-optimal conditions on the network level. Moreover, initial ideas and future research directions are provided for assessing the potential of travel information in order to improve network efficiency of existing road networks. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 527-548 Issue: 4 Volume: 36 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1125399 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1125399 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:36:y:2016:i:4:p:527-548 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laila M. Martinussen Author-X-Name-First: Laila M. Author-X-Name-Last: Martinussen Title: Driving with music: cognitive behavioural implications Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 549-551 Issue: 4 Volume: 36 Year: 2016 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1059382 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1059382 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:36:y:2016:i:4:p:549-551 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Glenn Lyons Author-X-Name-First: Glenn Author-X-Name-Last: Lyons Title: Transport analysis in an uncertain world Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 553-557 Issue: 5 Volume: 36 Year: 2016 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2016.1194613 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2016.1194613 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:36:y:2016:i:5:p:553-557 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Venu M. Garikapati Author-X-Name-First: Venu M. Author-X-Name-Last: Garikapati Author-Name: Ram M. Pendyala Author-X-Name-First: Ram M. Author-X-Name-Last: Pendyala Author-Name: Eric A. Morris Author-X-Name-First: Eric A. Author-X-Name-Last: Morris Author-Name: Patricia L. Mokhtarian Author-X-Name-First: Patricia L. Author-X-Name-Last: Mokhtarian Author-Name: Noreen McDonald Author-X-Name-First: Noreen Author-X-Name-Last: McDonald Title: Activity patterns, time use, and travel of millennials: a generation in transition? Abstract: Millennials, defined in this study as those born between 1979 and 2000, became the largest population segment in the United States in 2015. Compared to recent previous generations, they have been found to travel less, own fewer cars, have lower driver’s licensure rates, and use alternative modes more. But to what extent will these differences in behaviour persist as millennials move through various phases of the lifecycle? To address this question, this paper presents the results of a longitudinal analysis of the 2003--2013 American Time Use Survey data series. In early adulthood, younger millennials (born 1988--1994) are found to spend significantly more time in-home than older millennials (born 1979--1985), which indicates that there are substantial differences in activity-time use patterns across generations in early adulthood. Older millennials are, however, showing activity-time use patterns similar to their prior generation counterparts as they age, although some differences -- particularly in time spent as a car driver -- persist. Millennials appear to exhibit a lag in adopting the activity patterns of predecessor generations due to delayed lifecycle milestones (e.g. completing their education, getting jobs, marrying, and having children) and lingering effects of the economic recession, suggesting that travel demand will resume growth in the future. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 558-584 Issue: 5 Volume: 36 Year: 2016 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2016.1197337 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2016.1197337 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:36:y:2016:i:5:p:558-584 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valerio Gatta Author-X-Name-First: Valerio Author-X-Name-Last: Gatta Author-Name: Edoardo Marcucci Author-X-Name-First: Edoardo Author-X-Name-Last: Marcucci Title: Stakeholder-specific data acquisition and urban freight policy evaluation: evidence, implications and new suggestions Abstract: Cities, characterised by scarce resources and facing increasing citizens’ requests for more liveable and attractive environments, need to define and implement more efficient urban freight transport policy interventions. It is strategically relevant to perform an ex-ante in-depth policy evaluation. The paper aims at investigating the relevance, the needs and the implications of the data acquisition process by combining a focused review with an original research study. It critically compares five categories of methodological approaches adopted for policy evaluation purposes with an explicit focus on the stated preference method given its behavioural peculiarity and robustness. The review, following a systematic procedure where scientific quality is complemented by relevance and coverage, underlines a high variability in the level of sophistication for data acquisition. While a stakeholder-specific approach seems natural in all those cases where local authorities want to adopt distinct policy instruments for each stakeholder, this is also needed when homogeneous policies impacting the various stakeholders are tested. Stakeholder-specific data acquisition translates into the creation of multiple experimental designs, explicitly conceived for each stakeholder considered. A case study, intended to compare two alternative strategies for data acquisition, provides a quantitative measure of potential distortions in policy evaluation due to the adoption of a stakeholder-generic approach. Results, in terms of willingness to pay measures, show that a stakeholder-specific approach is needed not only when modelling but also in the data acquisition process. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 585-609 Issue: 5 Volume: 36 Year: 2016 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1126385 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1126385 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:36:y:2016:i:5:p:585-609 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christopher D. Higgins Author-X-Name-First: Christopher D. Author-X-Name-Last: Higgins Author-Name: Pavlos S. Kanaroglou Author-X-Name-First: Pavlos S. Author-X-Name-Last: Kanaroglou Title: Forty years of modelling rapid transit’s land value uplift in North America: moving beyond the tip of the iceberg Abstract: Identifying and measuring the land value uplift (LVU) impacts of rapid transit are important for a number of reasons. However, despite the general notion that rapid transit does confer positive LVU benefits, our comprehensive and critical review of more than 130 analyses across 60 studies completed in North America over the past 40 years finds significant heterogeneity in research outcomes, leaving many significant questions unanswered. Beyond high-level differences in study inputs, we argue that a fundamental source of variability is a lack of empirical specificity from the use of proximity as the dominant way in which LVU benefits are captured. This use of a proxy leads to the potential for omitted variables and unobserved relationships, and exposes previous work to the potential for misvalued results. To overcome this issue, we outline recommendations for future research, namely a recognition of relative accessibility and the possibility of LVU impacts from transit-oriented development. Incorporating measures related to these factors into LVU models can reveal their implicit prices, resulting in research that is more theoretically inclusive, empirically comprehensive, comparable, and able to provide important information to inform policy analysis and prescription. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 610-634 Issue: 5 Volume: 36 Year: 2016 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2016.1174748 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2016.1174748 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:36:y:2016:i:5:p:610-634 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Abraham T. Narh Author-X-Name-First: Abraham T. Author-X-Name-Last: Narh Author-Name: Neil Thorpe Author-X-Name-First: Neil Author-X-Name-Last: Thorpe Author-Name: Margaret C. Bell Author-X-Name-First: Margaret C. Author-X-Name-Last: Bell Author-Name: Graeme A. Hill Author-X-Name-First: Graeme A. Author-X-Name-Last: Hill Title: Do new sources of traffic data make the application of Chaos Theory to traffic management a realistic possibility? Abstract: Current signal systems for managing road traffic in many urban areas around the world lack a coordinated approach to detecting the spatial and temporal evolution of congestion across control regions within city networks. This severely inhibits these systems’ ability to detect reliably, on a strategic level, the onset of congestion and implement effective preventative action. As traffic is a time-dependent and non-linear system, Chaos Theory is a prime candidate for application to Urban Traffic Control (UTC) to improve congestion and pollution management. Previous applications have been restricted to relatively uncomplicated motorway and inter-urban networks, arguably where the associated problems of congestion and vehicle emissions are less severe, due to a general unavailability of high-resolution temporal and spatial data that preserve the variability in short-term traffic patterns required for Chaos Theory to work to its full potential. This paper argues that this restriction can now be overcome due to the emergence of new sources of high-resolution data and large data storage capabilities. Consequently, this opens up the real possibility for a new generation of UTC systems that are better able to detect the dynamic states of traffic and therefore more effectively prevent the onset of traffic congestion in urban areas worldwide. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 635-658 Issue: 5 Volume: 36 Year: 2016 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2016.1140687 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2016.1140687 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:36:y:2016:i:5:p:635-658 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stefan Gössling Author-X-Name-First: Stefan Author-X-Name-Last: Gössling Author-Name: Marcel Schröder Author-X-Name-First: Marcel Author-X-Name-Last: Schröder Author-Name: Philipp Späth Author-X-Name-First: Philipp Author-X-Name-Last: Späth Author-Name: Tim Freytag Author-X-Name-First: Tim Author-X-Name-Last: Freytag Title: Urban Space Distribution and Sustainable Transport Abstract: In many cities of the world, road space is increasingly contested. Growing vehicle numbers, traffic calming and the development of new infrastructure for more sustainable transport modes such as bicycles have all contributed to pressure on available space and conflicts over the allocation of space. This paper provides the first assessment of urban transport infrastructure space distribution, distinguishing motorized individual transport, public transport, cycling and walking. To calculate area allocation, an assessment methodology was developed using high-resolution digital satellite images in combination with a geographical information system to derive area measurements. This methodology was applied to four distinctly different city quarters in Freiburg, Germany. Results indicate that space is unevenly distributed, with motorized individual transport being the favoured transport mode. Findings also show that if trip number to space allocation ratios are calculated, one of the most sustainable transport modes, the bicycle, is the most disadvantaged. This suggests that area allocation deserves greater attention in the planning and implementation of more sustainable urban transport designs. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 659-679 Issue: 5 Volume: 36 Year: 2016 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2016.1147101 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2016.1147101 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:36:y:2016:i:5:p:659-679 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anders Fjendbo Jensen Author-X-Name-First: Anders Fjendbo Author-X-Name-Last: Jensen Title: Bounded rational choice behaviour: applications in transport Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 680-681 Issue: 5 Volume: 36 Year: 2016 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1118166 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1118166 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:36:y:2016:i:5:p:680-681 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hans Nijland Author-X-Name-First: Hans Author-X-Name-Last: Nijland Title: Sustainable Urban Transport Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 682-682 Issue: 5 Volume: 36 Year: 2016 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1124152 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1124152 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:36:y:2016:i:5:p:682-682 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joonho Ko Author-X-Name-First: Joonho Author-X-Name-Last: Ko Author-Name: Tae-Hyoung Tommy Gim Author-X-Name-First: Tae-Hyoung Tommy Author-X-Name-Last: Gim Author-Name: Randall Guensler Author-X-Name-First: Randall Author-X-Name-Last: Guensler Title: Locating refuelling stations for alternative fuel vehicles: a review on models and applications Abstract: The recent concerns on environmental issues have expedited the technological development of alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs), but the deployment of AFVs still remains at the initial stage mainly because of the lack of refuelling facilities. Recognising this, researchers have conducted various studies, proposing a variety of approaches to strategically locating refuelling stations. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the approaches, focusing more on applications than computational issues. The review identifies two main elements of the approaches: location modelling and refuelling demand estimation. Examining how the elements were handled in refuelling location studies, this paper suggests that future refuelling location models should properly reflect the intricate and various perspectives of three major AFV stakeholders: drivers, government agencies and refuelling service providers. This study is expected to help researchers efficiently set up their refuelling location problems and identify critical factors for seeking the solutions. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 551-570 Issue: 5 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2016.1273274 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2016.1273274 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:5:p:551-570 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yashar Araghi Author-X-Name-First: Yashar Author-X-Name-Last: Araghi Author-Name: Bert Van Wee Author-X-Name-First: Bert Author-X-Name-Last: Van Wee Author-Name: Maarten Kroesen Author-X-Name-First: Maarten Author-X-Name-Last: Kroesen Title: Historic vehicles: an overview from a transport policy perspective Abstract: Historic vehicles (HVs) are the heritage of road transport that have surprisingly received little attention in the academic literature. This study presents an overview of the literature on HVs, focusing on the three topics that dominate the policy debate on transport: environmental, safety and congestion impacts. We observed that polluting emissions of HVs are per kilometre much higher (often a factor 5 or more) than those of moderns vehicles. The annual average mileage per vehicle per year of HVs is much lower than other vehicles. The lower active and passive safety levels of HVs are compensated by the way these vehicles are driven, resulting in the risk factors per kilometre being roughly equal or lower than other vehicles. The contribution of HVs to congestion is negligible. However, the transport policy discourse is divided on the topic of HVs. More comprehensive and effective laws and regulation are needed to protect this aspect of the heritage of road transport whilst concurrently avoiding or limiting the problems caused by them. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 571-589 Issue: 5 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2016.1273275 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2016.1273275 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:5:p:571-589 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Srivatsa Srinivas Author-X-Name-First: S. Author-X-Name-Last: Srivatsa Srinivas Author-Name: M. S. Gajanand Author-X-Name-First: M. S. Author-X-Name-Last: Gajanand Title: Vehicle routing problem and driver behaviour: a review and framework for analysis Abstract: Vehicle routing problems (VRPs) whose typical objective is to minimise total travel costs over a tour have evolved over the years with objectives ranging from minimising travel times and distances to minimising pollution and fuel consumption. However, driver behaviour continues to be neglected while planning for vehicle routes. Factors such as traffic congestion levels, monotonous drives and fatigue have an impact on the behaviour of drivers, which in turn might affect their speed-choice and route-choice behaviours. The behaviour of drivers and their subsequent decision-making owing to these factors impact the revenue of transport companies and could lead to huge losses in extreme cases. There have been studies on the behaviour of drivers in isolation, without inclusion of the objectives and constraints of the traditional routing problem. This paper presents a review of existing models of VRP, planner behaviour models in the VRP context and driver behaviour models and provides a motivation to integrate these models in a stochastic traffic environment to produce practical, economic and driver-friendly logistics solutions. The paper provides valuable insights on the relevance of behavioural issues in logistics and highlights the modelling implications of incorporating planner and driver behaviour in the framework of routing problems. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 590-611 Issue: 5 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2016.1273276 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2016.1273276 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:5:p:590-611 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Morten Welde Author-X-Name-First: Morten Author-X-Name-Last: Welde Author-Name: James Odeck Author-X-Name-First: James Author-X-Name-Last: Odeck Title: Cost escalations in the front-end of projects – empirical evidence from Norwegian road projects Abstract: This paper investigates an issue largely ignored in the transport literature on cost overruns, namely, cost increases in the early project phase, long before the decision to build is made. This is the phase of project planning that is referred to as the front-end phase in the literature. The rationale of the study is that unless cost estimates during the front-end phase are relatively accurate, the wrong projects may be selected for further development. We first argue for why it is important to address cost escalation during the front-end phase of project planning. We then use Norwegian data to demonstrate the magnitude of cost escalations during the front-end phase of projects and in comparison to the implementation phase. We find that even in a sample of projects with relatively small cost overruns as in the case of Norway, there are substantial cost increases before the formal decision to build was made. This raises the issue of whether decisions and priorities taken at the early stages of project development are based on false information and whether this may lead to the wrong project concepts being selected. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 612-630 Issue: 5 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2016.1278285 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2016.1278285 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:5:p:612-630 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christin Hoffmann Author-X-Name-First: Christin Author-X-Name-Last: Hoffmann Author-Name: Charles Abraham Author-X-Name-First: Charles Author-X-Name-Last: Abraham Author-Name: Mathew P. White Author-X-Name-First: Mathew P. Author-X-Name-Last: White Author-Name: Susan Ball Author-X-Name-First: Susan Author-X-Name-Last: Ball Author-Name: Stephen M. Skippon Author-X-Name-First: Stephen M. Author-X-Name-Last: Skippon Title: What cognitive mechanisms predict travel mode choice? A systematic review with meta-analysis Abstract: Reduced private car use can limit greenhouse gas emissions and improve public health. It is unclear, however, how promotion of alternative transport choices can be optimised. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to identify potentially modifiable cognitive mechanisms that have been related to car use and use of alternative transport modes. A qualitative synthesis of measures of potentially modifiable mechanisms based on 43 studies yielded 26 conceptually distinct mechanism categories. Meta-analyses of associations between these mechanisms and car use/non-use generated 205 effects sizes (Pearson’s r) from 35 studies. The strongest correlates of car use were intentions, perceived behavioural control, attitudes and habit. The strongest correlates of alternative transportation choices were intentions, perceived behavioural control and attitudes. Implications for researchers and policy implementation are discussed. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 631-652 Issue: 5 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1285819 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1285819 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:5:p:631-652 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ola Svenson Author-X-Name-First: Ola Author-X-Name-Last: Svenson Author-Name: Gabriella Eriksson Author-X-Name-First: Gabriella Author-X-Name-Last: Eriksson Title: Mental models of driving and speed: biases, choices and reality Abstract: This paper provides a review of research performed by Svenson with colleagues and others work on mental models and their practical implications. Mental models describe how people perceive and think about the world including covariances and relationships between different variables, such as driving speed and time. Research on mental models has detected the time-saving bias [Svenson, O. (1970). A functional measurement approach to intuitive estimation as exemplified by estimated time savings. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 86, 204–210]. It means that drivers relatively overestimate the time that can be saved by increasing speed from an already high speed, for example, 90–130 km/h, and underestimate the time that can be saved by increasing speed from a low speed, for example, 30–45 km/h. In congruence with this finding, mean speed judgments and perceptions of mean speeds are also biased and higher speeds given too much weight and low speeds too little weight in comparison with objective reality. Replacing or adding a new speedometer in the car showing min per km eliminated or weakened the time-saving bias. Information about braking distances at different speeds did not improve overoptimistic judgments of braking capacity, but information about collision speed with an object suddenly appearing on the road did improve judgments of braking capacity. This is relevant to drivers, politicians and traffic regulators. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 653-666 Issue: 5 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1289278 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1289278 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:5:p:653-666 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aleix Pons-Rigat Author-X-Name-First: Aleix Author-X-Name-Last: Pons-Rigat Author-Name: Mateu Turró Author-X-Name-First: Mateu Author-X-Name-Last: Turró Author-Name: Sergi Saurí Author-X-Name-First: Sergi Author-X-Name-Last: Saurí Author-Name: Lluís Ubalde Author-X-Name-First: Lluís Author-X-Name-Last: Ubalde Title: Environmental rail charges in Europe: a review Abstract: European legislation implies the use of marginal social cost pricing in rail access charges levied on rail operators. Thus, they may include specific environmental charges to internalise the impacts of rail transport. However, when applying these principles in practice, several difficulties call for second-best settings adapted to the particularities of the rail market. In this context, few European railway administrations are already implementing rail access charges with an environmental dimension. This paper reviews the literature on the issue and assesses the current European experience in noise and air pollution rail charges. For this purpose, an analytical framework is built on the definition of four basic dimensions: charging approach, allocation of abatement efforts, degree of differentiation and intermodal approach. The qualitative examination of the existing systems suggests that the level of environmental surcharges can be generally increased given the low substitutability between rail and road and that the range of abatement possibilities should be enlarged by further differentiating charges. It is also found that the pricing scope should be adapted to achieve particular cost-efficient allocations of abatement efforts among rail operators and upstream agents. Finally, further research requirements for a quantitative assessment are defined. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 667-684 Issue: 5 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1289991 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1289991 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:5:p:667-684 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stefan Verweij Author-X-Name-First: Stefan Author-X-Name-Last: Verweij Title: Public private partnerships in transport: trends and theory Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 685-687 Issue: 5 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1289993 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1289993 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:5:p:685-687 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alexa Delbosc Author-X-Name-First: Alexa Author-X-Name-Last: Delbosc Title: Why write well? Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 545-550 Issue: 5 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1345463 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1345463 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:5:p:545-550 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martine Mostert Author-X-Name-First: Martine Author-X-Name-Last: Mostert Author-Name: Sabine Limbourg Author-X-Name-First: Sabine Author-X-Name-Last: Limbourg Title: External Costs as Competitiveness Factors for Freight Transport — A State of the Art Abstract: External costs have been a key issue in the last years of transport research. In Europe, this trend is in line with the political willingness to internalize externalities in transport pricing policies. This paper has two purposes. It first identifies the recent work achieved in the field of external costs of road and intermodal freight transport, where each paper is assessed in terms of its perspective (academic or project oriented), its objective (prescription, application, projection), the type of externality (air pollution, climate change, noise, accidents, congestion) and the type of cost (marginal, average, total) that is considered. The literature review reveals a gap in the development of generic mathematical functions for external costs of transport. The second objective of the paper is thus to highlight the usefulness of such functions by identifying the main parameters that influence freight transport competitiveness in terms of external costs, and by determining which of these parameters should be incorporated in further research works. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 692-712 Issue: 6 Volume: 36 Year: 2016 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2015.1137653 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2015.1137653 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:36:y:2016:i:6:p:692-712 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Agustina Calatayud Author-X-Name-First: Agustina Author-X-Name-Last: Calatayud Author-Name: Roberto Palacin Author-X-Name-First: Roberto Author-X-Name-Last: Palacin Author-Name: John Mangan Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Mangan Author-Name: Elizabeth Jackson Author-X-Name-First: Elizabeth Author-X-Name-Last: Jackson Author-Name: Aurora Ruiz-Rua Author-X-Name-First: Aurora Author-X-Name-Last: Ruiz-Rua Title: Understanding connectivity to international markets: a systematic review Abstract: Improving freight connectivity is increasingly a topic at the centre of the international trade and transport policy agendas. An examination of available documents and studies in both the policy-making and the academic fields shows that the concept of freight connectivity has often been defined in different ways, and thus has taken a variety of meanings. This poses the question on what connectivity is and what are its determinants in the context of international trade. We are not aware of any studies that have analysed, in a systematic way, the different perspectives and determinants of freight connectivity so as to increase access to international markets. This paper seeks to fill this gap by performing a systematic literature review that spans disciplines such as Transport Engineering, Transport and International Economics, and Supply Chain Management. The outcome of this examination is a multidisciplinary framework that hopefully will help stakeholders to understand freight connectivity to international markets better, as well as guide future research and analysis in policy-making. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 713-736 Issue: 6 Volume: 36 Year: 2016 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2016.1157836 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2016.1157836 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:36:y:2016:i:6:p:713-736 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Begoña Muñoz Author-X-Name-First: Begoña Author-X-Name-Last: Muñoz Author-Name: Andres Monzon Author-X-Name-First: Andres Author-X-Name-Last: Monzon Author-Name: Ricardo A. Daziano Author-X-Name-First: Ricardo A. Author-X-Name-Last: Daziano Title: The Increasing Role of Latent Variables in Modelling Bicycle Mode Choice Abstract: The growing interest in promoting non-motorised active transport has led to an increase in the number of studies to identify the key variables associated with bicycle use, and especially those related to the bicycle mode choice problem. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the modelling literature on the choice of the bicycle for utilitarian purposes, and summarises and assesses the evolution of the explanatory variables and methodologies used. We review both the evolution of the incorporation of latent variables in bicycle mode choice models and the critical role they play. The chronological evolution of the studies is divided into three stages —initial, intermediate and late — according to the different ways of introducing attitudinal or perceptual indicators and latent variables into the models. Our review shows that the incorporation of latent variables in bicycle choice models has increased in the last decade, with a progressive use of more sophisticated methodologies until the arrival of complex models that explicitly and properly deal with psychological latent variables. In fact, with the use of hybrid choice models, latent variables have nowadays become the core of bicycle mode choice models. Based on our review, a set of questions is proposed as a uniform measurement scale to identify attitudes towards bicycling. Recommendations for future research are also presented. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 737-771 Issue: 6 Volume: 36 Year: 2016 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2016.1162874 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2016.1162874 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:36:y:2016:i:6:p:737-771 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dena Kasraian Author-X-Name-First: Dena Author-X-Name-Last: Kasraian Author-Name: Kees Maat Author-X-Name-First: Kees Author-X-Name-Last: Maat Author-Name: Dominic Stead Author-X-Name-First: Dominic Author-X-Name-Last: Stead Author-Name: Bert van Wee Author-X-Name-First: Bert Author-X-Name-Last: van Wee Title: Long-term impacts of transport infrastructure networks on land-use change: an international review of empirical studies Abstract: Improvements in geographical information systems, the wider availability of high-resolution digital data and more sophisticated econometric techniques have all contributed to increasing academic interest and activity in long-term impacts of transport infrastructure networks (TINs) on land use (LU). This paper provides a systematic review of recent empirical evidence from the USA, Europe and East Asia, classified regarding the type of transport infrastructure (road or rail), LU indicator (land cover, population or employment density, development type) and outcome (significance, relationship’s direction) as well as influential exogenous factors. Proximity to the rail network is generally associated with population growth (particularly soon after the development of railway infrastructure), conversion to residential uses and the development of higher residential densities. Meanwhile, proximity to the road network is frequently associated with increases in employment densities as well as the conversion of land to a variety of urban uses including commercial and industrial development. Compared with road infrastructure, the impact of rail infrastructure is often less significant for land cover or population and employment density change. The extent of TINs’ impact on LU over time can be explained by the saturation in TIN-related accessibility and LU development. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 772-792 Issue: 6 Volume: 36 Year: 2016 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2016.1168887 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2016.1168887 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:36:y:2016:i:6:p:772-792 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Corrigendum Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: iii-iii Issue: 6 Volume: 36 Year: 2016 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2016.1178940 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2016.1178940 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:36:y:2016:i:6:p:iii-iii Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chris De Gruyter Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: De Gruyter Author-Name: Graham Currie Author-X-Name-First: Graham Author-X-Name-Last: Currie Title: Rail-road crossing impacts: an international synthesis Abstract: Rail-road crossings generate a range of transport, economic, social and environmental impacts. While much research has focused on selected impacts such as safety, little consideration has been given to wider impacts. The aim of this research was to therefore develop a holistic understanding of the impacts of rail-road crossings (both at-grade and grade-separated) and to identify key gaps in knowledge in this field. An international synthesis of rail-road crossing impacts was developed through a detailed literature review, which revealed a total of 18 different types of impacts associated with rail-road crossings. The review found that most research to date has focused on quantifying transport and economic impacts, particularly safety and road vehicle delay, with little consideration given to social and environmental impacts. A number of research gaps have been identified which provide a clear agenda for future research. These gaps include the use of empirical evidence to support impact assessments, and the need to better understand the impacts of grade-separating rail-road crossings in terms of safety, travel time variability, land use, traffic flow, rail vehicle delay, disability access, and crime. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 793-815 Issue: 6 Volume: 36 Year: 2016 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2016.1188429 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2016.1188429 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:36:y:2016:i:6:p:793-815 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Julio A Soria-Lara Author-X-Name-First: Julio A Author-X-Name-Last: Soria-Lara Title: Handbook on transport and urban planning in the developed world Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 816-817 Issue: 6 Volume: 36 Year: 2016 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2016.1218375 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2016.1218375 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:36:y:2016:i:6:p:816-817 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S.C. Wong Author-X-Name-First: S.C. Author-X-Name-Last: Wong Title: China’s ascendance in transport research Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 683-691 Issue: 6 Volume: 36 Year: 2016 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2016.1226693 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2016.1226693 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:36:y:2016:i:6:p:683-691 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: List of Reviewers August 2015–August 2016 Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 818-819 Issue: 6 Volume: 36 Year: 2016 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2016.1227407 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2016.1227407 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:36:y:2016:i:6:p:818-819 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Editorial Board Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: ebi-ebi Issue: 6 Volume: 36 Year: 2016 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2016.1228567 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2016.1228567 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:36:y:2016:i:6:p:ebi-ebi Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Juan De Dios Ortúzar Author-X-Name-First: Juan De Dios Author-X-Name-Last: Ortúzar Author-Name: Jimmy Armoogum Author-X-Name-First: Jimmy Author-X-Name-Last: Armoogum Author-Name: Jean‐Loup Madre Author-X-Name-First: Jean‐Loup Author-X-Name-Last: Madre Author-Name: Françoise Potier Author-X-Name-First: Françoise Author-X-Name-Last: Potier Title: Continuous Mobility Surveys: The State of Practice Abstract: In this paper we challenge the prevailing practice of conducting one‐off cross‐sectional mobility surveys, making a case for change on the basis of usefulness and cost‐effectiveness. We believe that urban areas over say, one million inhabitants, should collect mobility data on a continuous basis as part of their efforts to guarantee sustainable development. This would allow them to gain a proper understanding of the pressing environmental and transport‐related issues of today’s world, as well as of the effects of economic growth and price (especially for fuel) volatility. In our scope we include panel data (i.e. information from a smaller sample of respondents who are interviewed at different points in time, hopefully during several years), as this type of information is unique in its ability to help understanding behavioural changes and the impact of time‐related effects, such as habit and inertia. We revise the state of affairs in different parts of the world, not limiting ourselves to urban data. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 293-312 Issue: 3 Volume: 31 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2010.510224 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2010.510224 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:31:y:2011:i:3:p:293-312 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Arne Beck Author-X-Name-First: Arne Author-X-Name-Last: Beck Title: Experiences with Competitive Tendering of Bus Services in Germany Abstract: After a long transition period with only a few isolated procedures for competitive tendering, the market for German public transport bus services has seen numerous such tenders in recent years. The results are complex. From the public transport authorities’ point of view, the main effects are a decrease in subsidy payments, with relatively low expenses relating to the tendering process (allocation, contract management). The overall level of competition is high, with five to seven bidders on average, although this has been declining in recent years. Entry barriers have been identified at significant levels for several parameters, especially with respect to the volume tendered and the revenue risk to be borne by the operator out of net‐cost contracts. Demonstrably small‐ and medium‐sized transport operators have been able to increase their market share in the starting phase of introducing tendering, with diminishing success rates in recent years. Due to the increased quality requirements in competitive tendering, the quality of public transport available has improved considerably, and environmental standards have been better implemented and sustained. As far as employees are concerned, a trend towards wages below the wage rate of private operators cannot be observed. However, their level is well below the level of public incumbent operators. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 313-339 Issue: 3 Volume: 31 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2010.511299 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2010.511299 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:31:y:2011:i:3:p:313-339 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter White Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: White Title: Transport for Suburbia: Beyond the Automobile Age Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 422-423 Issue: 3 Volume: 31 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2010.514077 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2010.514077 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:31:y:2011:i:3:p:422-423 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Adam Millard‐Ball Author-X-Name-First: Adam Author-X-Name-Last: Millard‐Ball Author-Name: Lee Schipper Author-X-Name-First: Lee Author-X-Name-Last: Schipper Title: Are We Reaching Peak Travel? Trends in Passenger Transport in Eight Industrialized Countries Abstract: Projections of energy use and greenhouse gas emissions for industrialized countries typically show continued growth in vehicle ownership, vehicle use and overall travel demand. This growth represents a continuation of trends from the 1970s through the early 2000s. This paper presents a descriptive analysis of cross‐national passenger transport trends in eight industrialized countries, providing evidence to suggest that these trends may have halted. Through decomposing passenger transport energy use into activity, modal structure and modal energy intensity, we show that increases in total activity (passenger travel) have been the driving force behind increased energy use, offset somewhat by declining energy intensity. We show that total activity growth has halted relative to GDP in recent years in the eight countries examined. If these trends continue, it is possible that an accelerated decline in the energy intensity of car travel; stagnation in total travel per capita; some shifts back to rail and bus modes; and at least somewhat less carbon per unit of energy could leave the absolute levels of emissions in 2020 or 2030 lower than today. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 357-378 Issue: 3 Volume: 31 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2010.518291 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2010.518291 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:31:y:2011:i:3:p:357-378 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mark Wardman Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Wardman Author-Name: Gerard Whelan Author-X-Name-First: Gerard Author-X-Name-Last: Whelan Title: Twenty Years of Rail Crowding Valuation Studies: Evidence and Lessons from British Experience Abstract: This paper reviews evidence from British experience of the valuation of rail crowding obtained over 20 years from 17 studies. It summarizes these studies, places some useful empirical evidence in the public domain and draws lessons from this considerable body of evidence and experience. Crowding valuations, both for standing and seated in crowding conditions, are summarized in terms of time multipliers, which are inherently more transferable than monetary equivalents. A meta‐analysis of 208 valuations is reported, finding the valuations to vary with load factor and journey purpose. The seating multiplier averages 1.19 and the standing multiplier averages 2.32. The latter is in line with widely used multipliers applied to walking and waiting time. The most recent evidence is based around the number of standing passengers per square metre, thereby providing a more accurate measure of the discomfort of standing since, unlike load factor, it allows for the layout of the carriage and ease with which crowding can be accommodated. As far as methodology is concerned, the paper covers issues such as presenting crowding in ‘stated preference’ exercises and the realism of the crowding levels offered, non‐linearities in the relationship between crowding multipliers and the severity and amount of crowding time, and probabilistic versus deterministic representations of crowding. The paper also identifies future areas for research. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 379-398 Issue: 3 Volume: 31 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2010.519127 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2010.519127 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:31:y:2011:i:3:p:379-398 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Linda Nijland Author-X-Name-First: Linda Author-X-Name-Last: Nijland Author-Name: Theo Arentze Author-X-Name-First: Theo Author-X-Name-Last: Arentze Author-Name: Aloys Borgers Author-X-Name-First: Aloys Author-X-Name-Last: Borgers Author-Name: Harry Timmermans Author-X-Name-First: Harry Author-X-Name-Last: Timmermans Title: Modelling Complex Activity‐Travel Scheduling Decisions: Procedure for the Simultaneous Estimation of Activity Generation and Duration Functions Abstract: Activity generation is a key factor in individual's choices of trip frequency and trip purpose. This paper describes the results of an experiment conducted to estimate functions of several temporal factors on individuals' propensity to schedule a given activity on a given day. The theory on which the experimental design is based states that the probability of scheduling an activity is a complex and continuous function of how long ago the activity was lastly performed, the duration constraints for the activity and the amount of available time in the activity schedule of the day considered. Aurora, an existing model of activity scheduling, assumes S‐shaped utility functions for the history as well as the duration functions, whereas most time‐use studies assume monotonically decreasing marginal utilities. The stated‐choice experiment involves a range of flexible activities and a large sample of individuals to measure the utility effects of a set of carefully chosen levels for the factors and tests these specific assumptions. The results suggest that the amount of discretionary time on a day has no significant impact on the scheduling decisions provided that enough time is available for the activity. The effects of other factors are as expected and show diminishing marginal utilities. We find mixed evidence for an initial phase of increasing marginal returns as assumed in an S‐shaped function. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 399-418 Issue: 3 Volume: 31 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2010.520827 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2010.520827 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:31:y:2011:i:3:p:399-418 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tim Jones Author-X-Name-First: Tim Author-X-Name-Last: Jones Title: The Cultures of Alternative Mobilities: Routes Less Travelled Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 419-420 Issue: 3 Volume: 31 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2010.520828 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2010.520828 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:31:y:2011:i:3:p:419-420 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christian Carey Author-X-Name-First: Christian Author-X-Name-Last: Carey Title: Airport Competition: The European Experience Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 420-422 Issue: 3 Volume: 31 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2010.526257 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2010.526257 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:31:y:2011:i:3:p:420-422 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jan Anne Annema Author-X-Name-First: Jan Anne Author-X-Name-Last: Annema Author-Name: Mig De Jong Author-X-Name-First: Mig De Author-X-Name-Last: Jong Title: The History of the Transport Future—Evaluating Dutch Transport Scenarios of the Past Abstract: This paper examines 42 business‐as‐usual (BAU) scenarios for future transport and traffic development in the Netherlands from the period 1970 to 2000. An important aspect of these scenarios is that they indicate the potential future state of the transport system if the policies in place at the time continue unchanged, thus raising issues which may require a policy response. This paper shows that in most of the important BAU transport scenario results of the past in the Netherlands, such as future car use and transport emissions, the policy makers were not misled. The prognoses for traffic congestion are an important exception as they underestimated the congestion problems that would arise. This paper shows that, based on the research it examines, BAU transport forecasting is an inaccurate practice. It is recommended that the BAU scenario designer communicates this high inaccuracy, enabling the policy maker to include the inherent future uncertainty in their decision‐making. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 341-356 Issue: 3 Volume: 31 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2010.527440 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2010.527440 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:31:y:2011:i:3:p:341-356 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zbigniew Taylor Author-X-Name-First: Zbigniew Author-X-Name-Last: Taylor Title: Teofil Lijewski, 1930–2010 Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 291-292 Issue: 3 Volume: 31 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2011.568198 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2011.568198 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:31:y:2011:i:3:p:291-292 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Richard Allsop Author-X-Name-First: Richard Author-X-Name-Last: Allsop Title: Risk and choice on roads and in their use Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 175-180 Issue: 2 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1488401 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1488401 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:2:p:175-180 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Becky P. Y. Loo Author-X-Name-First: Becky P. Y. Author-X-Name-Last: Loo Author-Name: Alhassan Siiba Author-X-Name-First: Alhassan Author-X-Name-Last: Siiba Title: Active transport in Africa and beyond: towards a strategic framework Abstract: Despite the well-established benefits of active transport (AT) (walking and bicycling), the rate of AT is generally decreasing across the globe. To reverse this trend, AT needs to be promoted by governments worldwide with a strategic framework to guide national AT policy formulation and administration. With a nine-component strategic framework, the present study provides policy directions for the effective formulation and implementation of AT policy strategies in Africa. It takes a pioneering step towards bridging the knowledge gap about AT policy strategy formulation based on developed Western countries. Transport policies of seven African countries have been reviewed (Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa and Uganda). The review suggests that countries with specific AT policies (versus general transport policies covering AT) did better. We believe that it would be better to position the need for identifying new AT funding regimes as a priority for the efficient administration of the respective AT policies to avoid foreseeable financial obstructions in the policy administration. While the countries reviewed are by no means generic of all countries around the world, the strategic framework can be extended to assess similar policies, and our results can provide lessons for future AT policy formulation in other countries. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 181-203 Issue: 2 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1442889 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1442889 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:2:p:181-203 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: André Soares Lopes Author-X-Name-First: André Soares Author-X-Name-Last: Lopes Author-Name: Carlos Felipe Grangeiro Loureiro Author-X-Name-First: Carlos Felipe Grangeiro Author-X-Name-Last: Loureiro Author-Name: Bert Van Wee Author-X-Name-First: Bert Author-X-Name-Last: Van Wee Title: LUTI operational models review based on the proposition of an ALUTI conceptual model Abstract: This paper focuses on understanding to what extent the components of LUTI models and their mutual interactions are conceptually represented by eight operational LUTI models. This is important for the understanding of LUTI models’ mechanisms, firstly because it may reduce communication barriers between planning communities, secondly because it may help us understand the models’ applicability, and thirdly it may highlight the models’ shortcomings and point for future research. We present a discussion about what subsystems should be considered for LUTI modelling, from which we derived an “a priori” conceptual ALUTI model (incorporating Activities, besides Land Use and Transport). By comparing the rationale behind each model with this conceptual model, we establish the basis for our review, focussing on whether these models incorporate the ALUTI components, its inner workings and the relationships between these components. Results indicate three main limitations of the reviewed models. First, models not always adequately include all the components of the a priori ALUTI model. Second, the ALUTI subsystems’ internal functions are not explicitly modelled in several of the models reviewed, making it difficult to evaluate how planning decisions affect the subsystem. Third, only few models recognise all mutual interactions, especially in respect to the Activity subsystem. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 204-225 Issue: 2 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1442890 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1442890 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:2:p:204-225 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Craig Standing Author-X-Name-First: Craig Author-X-Name-Last: Standing Author-Name: Susan Standing Author-X-Name-First: Susan Author-X-Name-Last: Standing Author-Name: Sharon Biermann Author-X-Name-First: Sharon Author-X-Name-Last: Biermann Title: The implications of the sharing economy for transport Abstract: The sharing economy has gained a lot of attention in recent years. Despite the substantial growth in shared services, its impact overall on transport is unclear. This paper analyses the literature on sharing in transport and includes government and consultant reports, websites and academic journals. The drivers of ride-sharing, car-sharing, car-pooling and freight-sharing are largely economic and convenience related for participants. Trust, technology platforms and the trend to avoid ownership of assets are facilitating factors in its growth. Over-regulation, inconsistent quality of service and the need for recommendation are potential barriers. The transport journals in particular are relatively slow to research this topic with more focusing on bike-sharing than other modes of vehicle sharing. The paper discusses the impact of sharing on transport suggesting it is likely to be part of a solution to transport problems and congestion perhaps in combination with other developments such as driverless vehicles. It also warns of the dangers of over-regulation and under-regulation. The future will require holistic transport strategies that consider sharing options and will require government departments to work cooperatively. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 226-242 Issue: 2 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1450307 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1450307 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:2:p:226-242 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alexander T. C. Onstein Author-X-Name-First: Alexander T. C. Author-X-Name-Last: Onstein Author-Name: Lóránt A. Tavasszy Author-X-Name-First: Lóránt A. Author-X-Name-Last: Tavasszy Author-Name: Dick A. van Damme Author-X-Name-First: Dick A. Author-X-Name-Last: van Damme Title: Factors determining distribution structure decisions in logistics: a literature review and research agenda Abstract: Distribution structures, as studied in this paper, involve the spatial layout of the freight transport and storage system used to move goods between production and consumption locations. Decisions on this layout are important to companies as they allow them to balance customer service levels and logistics costs. Until now there has been very little descriptive research into the factors that drive decisions about these structures. Moreover, the literature on the topic is scattered across various research streams. In this paper we review and consolidate this literature, with the aim to arrive at a comprehensive list of factors. Three relevant research streams were identified: Supply Chain Management (SCM), Transportation and Geography. The SCM and Transportation literature mostly focus on distribution structure including distribution centre (DC) location selection from a viewpoint of service level and logistics costs factors. The Geography literature focuses on spatial DC location decisions and resulting patterns mostly explained by location factors such as labour and land availability. Our review indicates that the main factors that drive decision-making are “demand level”, “service level”, “product characteristics”, “logistics costs”, “labour and land”, “accessibility” and “contextual factors”. The main trade-off influencing distribution structure selection is “service level” versus “logistics costs”. Together, the research streams provide a rich picture of the factors that drive distribution structure including DC location selection. We conclude with a framework that shows the relative position of these factors. Future work can focus on completing the framework by detailing out the sub factors and empirically testing the direction and strength of relationships. Cooperation between the three research streams will be useful to further extend and operationalize the framework. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 243-260 Issue: 2 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1459929 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1459929 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:2:p:243-260 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chris De Gruyter Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: De Gruyter Author-Name: Graham Currie Author-X-Name-First: Graham Author-X-Name-Last: Currie Author-Name: Long T. Truong Author-X-Name-First: Long T. Author-X-Name-Last: Truong Author-Name: Farhana Naznin Author-X-Name-First: Farhana Author-X-Name-Last: Naznin Title: A meta-analysis and synthesis of public transport customer amenity valuation research Abstract: This paper synthesises published research concerned with the valuation of public transport customer amenities. It includes normalisation of published values to equivalent terms, a meta-analysis of factors influencing these values, a review of valuation methods and issues faced in applying these methods, and an identification of gaps in knowledge. Some 57 separate research publications in this area were identified. Valuation methods adopted included stated preference, revealed preference, customer ratings, priority evaluator, maximum difference scaling and benefit/value transfer. Of these, stated preference was the most common published approach, however in practice benefit/value transfer is the most common method to apply values in project appraisal. Key issues associated with valuation include substantial variation in values (which are often context dependant) and the adoption of different units for expressing values, thereby limiting their transferability. Some 556 separate customer amenity values were identified relating to 97 separate amenity types. Almost all valuations were below 2 minutes of equivalent in-vehicle travel time value. Meta-analysis identified five types of significant predictors of values (R2 = 0.23): study location (Scandinavia), valuation method (stated preference), mode (train/metro), amenity group (access) and journey stage (boarding/alighting). Future research needs to disaggregate valuations by market segment. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 261-283 Issue: 2 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1461708 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1461708 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:2:p:261-283 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John Parkin Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Parkin Title: Bike boom: the unexpected resurgence of cycling Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 284-285 Issue: 2 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1401681 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1401681 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:2:p:284-285 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jeffrey R. Kenworthy Author-X-Name-First: Jeffrey R. Author-X-Name-Last: Kenworthy Title: Costs of Sprawl Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 285-287 Issue: 2 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1404505 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1404505 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:2:p:285-287 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Larissa M. van der Lugt Author-X-Name-First: Larissa M. Author-X-Name-Last: van der Lugt Author-Name: Peter W. de Langen Author-X-Name-First: Peter W. Author-X-Name-Last: de Langen Author-Name: Lorike Hagdorn Author-X-Name-First: Lorike Author-X-Name-Last: Hagdorn Title: Strategic beliefs of port authorities Abstract: Over the last decade, insights from the strategic management discipline have increasingly been applied to ports. A review of literature shows that in the analysis of port authority strategy, mainly outside-in approaches are applied. This paper adds to the emerging understanding of the port authority’s strategy by applying a cognitive perspective. Specifically, the strategic cognition of firms’ executives is one of the explanatory variables behind firms’ strategic decisions. Furthermore, cognitions are influenced by the organisational contexts in which port authority executives have worked. As a result, managerial “mental maps’ may vary across industry contexts and over time. This research investigates the strategic cognition of a global set of port authority executives through a survey-based instrument. The results show that, to a large extent, PAs resemble “regular” for-profit companies, but that they possess some specific beliefs that distinguish them from “regular” companies. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 412-441 Issue: 4 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2016.1245685 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2016.1245685 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:4:p:412-441 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Adrian C. Prelipcean Author-X-Name-First: Adrian C. Author-X-Name-Last: Prelipcean Author-Name: Gyözö Gidófalvi Author-X-Name-First: Gyözö Author-X-Name-Last: Gidófalvi Author-Name: Yusak O. Susilo Author-X-Name-First: Yusak O. Author-X-Name-Last: Susilo Title: Transportation mode detection – an in-depth review of applicability and reliability Abstract: The wide adoption of location-enabled devices, together with the acceptance of services that leverage (personal) data as payment, allows scientists to push through some of the previous barriers imposed by data insufficiency, ethics and privacy skepticism. The research problems whose study require hard-to-obtain data (e.g. transportation mode detection, service contextualisation, etc.) have now become more accessible to scientists because of the availability of data collecting outlets. One such problem is the detection of a user's transportation mode. Different fields have approached the problem of transportation mode detection with different aims: Location-Based Services (LBS) is a field that focuses on understanding the transportation mode in real-time, Transportation Science is a field that focuses on measuring the daily travel patterns of individuals or groups of individuals, and Human Geography is a field that focuses on enriching a trajectory by adding domain-specific semantics. While different fields providing solutions to the same problem could be viewed as a positive outcome, it is difficult to compare these solutions because the reported performance indicators depend on the type of approach and its aim (e.g. the real-time availability of LBS requires the performance to be computed on each classified location). The contributions of this paper are three fold. First, the paper reviews the critical aspects desired by each research field when providing solutions to the transportation mode detection problem. Second, it proposes three dimensions that separate three branches of science based on their main interest. Finally, it identifies important gaps in research and future directions, that is, proposing: widely accepted error measures meaningful for all disciplines, methods robust to new data sets and a benchmark data set for performance validation. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 442-464 Issue: 4 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2016.1246489 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2016.1246489 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:4:p:442-464 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kathy Kornas Author-X-Name-First: Kathy Author-X-Name-Last: Kornas Author-Name: Catherine Bornbaum Author-X-Name-First: Catherine Author-X-Name-Last: Bornbaum Author-Name: Christine Bushey Author-X-Name-First: Christine Author-X-Name-Last: Bushey Author-Name: Laura Rosella Author-X-Name-First: Laura Author-X-Name-Last: Rosella Title: Exploring active transportation investments and associated benefits for municipal budgets: a scoping review Abstract: Municipalities play an important role in the planning and development of communities that support active transportation (AT), which refers to human-powered modes of travel, such as walking and cycling. Municipal-level stakeholders involved in land-use and transportation infrastructure planning consider multiple social, environmental and economic considerations to inform decision-making and investments in AT. Evidence around the fiscal benefits of AT investment for local governments has not been systematically identified. This scoping review sought to explore the existing evidence regarding investments in AT and opportunities for savings on municipal expenditures and revenue generation. In total, 7060 records were located and screened; of which 162 full-text articles were reviewed. Ultimately, 23 articles met our inclusion criteria and were included in this review. The available evidence focuses on potential economic benefits of AT in the areas of tax revenues, property values, consumer spending and employment, all of which are relevant sources of revenue generation in municipal operating budgets. An evidence gap was identified regarding AT infrastructure investments and benefits corresponding to municipal expenditures (e.g. maintenance cost savings). Notably, a large portion of literature was published after 2009, suggesting that municipal-level evidence on the fiscal benefits of AT investments may just be emerging. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 465-487 Issue: 4 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2016.1252446 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2016.1252446 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:4:p:465-487 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carlo Luiu Author-X-Name-First: Carlo Author-X-Name-Last: Luiu Author-Name: Miles Tight Author-X-Name-First: Miles Author-X-Name-Last: Tight Author-Name: Michael Burrow Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Burrow Title: The unmet travel needs of the older population: a review of the literature Abstract: Unmet travel needs can be defined as trips and activities that people need or would like to do more, but for a variety of reasons they are prevented from doing so. This paper provides a critical evaluation of the literature focused on unmet travel needs, with the aim of assessing the scope of existing studies on this topic and better understanding the full context of older people’s mobility. This narrative review identifies how travel needs in later life have been assessed, and the barriers that affect the ability of older people to fulfil these needs. Due to the heterogeneity of older people and differences in research approaches, the analysis of the literature is not conclusive in terms of identifying the real impact of the analysed variables and measures on unrealised mobility. Nevertheless, of the studies analysed, on average at least one-third of older people report unmet travel needs. This situation was found to worsen with age, and women were reported to be more affected than men. The pursuit of leisure, and in particular visiting friends and family, was found to be the activity most associated with unmet travel needs. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 488-506 Issue: 4 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2016.1252447 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2016.1252447 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:4:p:488-506 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paul Tae-Woo Lee Author-X-Name-First: Paul Tae-Woo Author-X-Name-Last: Lee Author-Name: Jasmine Siu Lee Lam Author-X-Name-First: Jasmine Siu Lee Author-X-Name-Last: Lam Title: A review of port devolution and governance models with compound eyes approach Abstract: Port devolution and port governance are focal issues in port studies. This paper argues that the previous typology of port devolution and port governance, including port function matrix models, might have to be modified, in particular for Asian port cases, because they have not considered socio, economic, and political systems and historical aspects behind the port devolution continuum. This paper uses the “compound eyes” approach comprising of many similar, closely-packed facets called ommatidia, with a multiple angle view, to revisit and review previous port devolution and governance models. The paper aims to identify the limitations and rectify fallacies in previous port studies by conducting a critical review and taking a couple of Asian container port cases as examples. This paper contributes to the literature of port devolution and governance, illuminating crucial gaps that the previous studies have not addressed. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 507-520 Issue: 4 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2016.1254690 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2016.1254690 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:4:p:507-520 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Iván Sánchez-Díaz Author-X-Name-First: Iván Author-X-Name-Last: Sánchez-Díaz Author-Name: Peter Georén Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Georén Author-Name: Märta Brolinson Author-X-Name-First: Märta Author-X-Name-Last: Brolinson Title: Shifting urban freight deliveries to the off-peak hours: a review of theory and practice Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive review of the literature on off-peak hour deliveries (OPHD). The review identifies different approaches and policy levers used in the past, such as the laissez-faire approach, a road pricing approach, an incentives approach, and a regulatory approach. The paper also identifies different delivery reception schemes discussed in the literature. The authors complement the theory with a synthesis of pilot tests and the analysis of a set of interviews with practitioners (from the public sector and other organisations) in charge of OPHD programmes. The results from this review show the potential benefits that these programmes could bring about, the challenges faced in the early stages – along with potential solutions – and the significant progress that has been made in this domain in the last decade. According to the review, the results from the pilot tests tend to be positive, suggesting the importance of these programmes to reach more efficient and sustainable transportation systems. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 521-543 Issue: 4 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2016.1254691 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2016.1254691 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:4:p:521-543 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Susan Handy Author-X-Name-First: Susan Author-X-Name-Last: Handy Title: Roundabouts of a figurative kind Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 407-411 Issue: 4 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1287381 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1287381 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:4:p:407-411 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Isabelle Thomas Author-X-Name-First: Isabelle Author-X-Name-Last: Thomas Author-Name: Jonathan Jones Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan Author-X-Name-Last: Jones Author-Name: Geoffrey Caruso Author-X-Name-First: Geoffrey Author-X-Name-Last: Caruso Author-Name: Philippe Gerber Author-X-Name-First: Philippe Author-X-Name-Last: Gerber Title: City delineation in European applications of LUTI models: review and tests Abstract: This paper stresses the lack of attention paid to the geographical definitions of cities in LUTI models as one key detrimental aspect to transferring and generalising LUTI results. First, the argumentation develops from a meta-analysis of peer-reviewed publications about LUTI applications in European cities. We show that most authors do not assess findings against potential geographical biases. Second, theoretical simulations are conducted with UrbanSim applied to a synthetic urban area. By varying the geographical limits of the system and population endowments, our simulations confirm that the absence of control on city delineation weakens the results. Finally, the paper suggests methodological guidelines to improve the comparability of LUTI applications and push forward their theoretical agenda. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 6-32 Issue: 1 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1295112 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1295112 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:1:p:6-32 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bart Wiegmans Author-X-Name-First: Bart Author-X-Name-Last: Wiegmans Author-Name: Behzad Behdani Author-X-Name-First: Behzad Author-X-Name-Last: Behdani Title: A review and analysis of the investment in, and cost structure of, intermodal rail terminals Abstract: The results presented in this article identify the role of costs in the scientific and grey freight terminal handling literature and analyses the handling costs of different terminal sizes. The literature review shows that handling costs only play a marginal role in the scientific research in intermodal rail freight terminals (IRT). This is remarkable given the large role costs occupy in decision-making in freight transport. Furthermore, the used cost levels show a wide range of proposed amounts and terminal sizes or handling technologies are seldom addressed. Finally, many of the scientific papers do not make it clear whether the average transhipment cost or market price is referred to. Next, the analysis of the investment in, and cost structure of, IRTs shows that IRT investments are very capital-intensive leading to relatively high average costs per handling. However, given the cost characteristics of IRTs, the average cost per handling represents the underlying cost structure and are – in this sense – representative. The cost analysis demonstrates that extra-large IRTs actually have the lowest average handling costs, followed by small IRTs. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 33-51 Issue: 1 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1297867 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1297867 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:1:p:33-51 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nicolas Rincon-Garcia Author-X-Name-First: Nicolas Author-X-Name-Last: Rincon-Garcia Author-Name: Ben J. Waterson Author-X-Name-First: Ben J. Author-X-Name-Last: Waterson Author-Name: Tom J. Cherrett Author-X-Name-First: Tom J. Author-X-Name-Last: Cherrett Title: Requirements from vehicle routing software: perspectives from literature, developers and the freight industry Abstract: Routing and scheduling software is part of the information and technology systems available to support the transport industry, and uses complex algorithms along with geographical representations of the road network to allow better planning of daily collection and delivery schedules. This paper reviews the evolution of routing and scheduling software, the algorithms used along with reported barriers to wider take-up and potential industry-driven improvements that could be made. A survey of transport companies in the U.K. was conducted in order to validate and prioritise the software capabilities that require the most development according to the new challenges that the industry is facing. Responses suggested that companies required improved route optimisation to tackle congestion based on time-dependent data and models, and greater accuracy in the representation of the road network. Not considering congestion leads to the underestimation of travel times and the production of inaccurate schedules. Literature shows that operational research techniques are available to solve problems that represent real-world conditions, but research into the relative merits of using time-dependent models needs to be undertaken. Data might be improved by cooperation between government and private sector. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 117-138 Issue: 1 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1297869 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1297869 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:1:p:117-138 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dea van Lierop Author-X-Name-First: Dea Author-X-Name-Last: van Lierop Author-Name: Madhav G. Badami Author-X-Name-First: Madhav G. Author-X-Name-Last: Badami Author-Name: Ahmed M. El-Geneidy Author-X-Name-First: Ahmed M. Author-X-Name-Last: El-Geneidy Title: What influences satisfaction and loyalty in public transport? A review of the literature Abstract: Public transport ridership retention is a challenge for many cities. To develop comprehensive strategies aimed at retaining riders, it is necessary to understand the aspects of public transport that influence users to become loyal to the system. This paper analyses relevant literature regarding the causes of satisfaction and loyalty in public transport. We find that the service factors most associated with satisfaction are on-board cleanliness and comfort, courteous and helpful behaviour from operators, safety, as well as punctuality and frequency of service. On the other hand, loyalty is associated with users’ perceptions of value-for-money, on-board safety and cleanliness, interactions with personnel and the image and commitment to public transport that users feels. Furthermore, the results elucidate that the concept of loyalty is best defined based on users’ intentions to continue using the service, their willingness to recommend it to others, their overall satisfaction, but also and most importantly, their image of and involvement with public transport. Public transport users who have a positive image of the agency and consider public transport an integral component of city life are more likely to demonstrate loyalty and act like ambassadors for public transport agencies. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 52-72 Issue: 1 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1298683 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1298683 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:1:p:52-72 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nancy Hui Author-X-Name-First: Nancy Author-X-Name-Last: Hui Author-Name: Shoshanna Saxe Author-X-Name-First: Shoshanna Author-X-Name-Last: Saxe Author-Name: Matthew Roorda Author-X-Name-First: Matthew Author-X-Name-Last: Roorda Author-Name: Paul Hess Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Hess Author-Name: Eric J. Miller Author-X-Name-First: Eric J. Author-X-Name-Last: Miller Title: Measuring the completeness of complete streets Abstract: A tool for measuring the “completeness” of a complete street has applications in developing policy, prioritising areas for infrastructure investment for a network, and solving the right-of-way allocation problem for individual streets. A literature review was conducted on the state-of-art in the assessment complete street designs. Complete streets assessment requires a context-sensitive approach, thus context-sensitive standards of “completeness” must first be established by combining a street classification system with sets of priorities and target performance levels for the different types of streets. Performance standards should address a street’s fulfilment of the movement, environmental, and place functions, and be flexible enough to account for the many ways that these functions of a street can be fulfilled. Most frameworks reviewed are unsuitable for evaluating complete streets because, with few exceptions, they guide street design by specifying the design elements for inclusion on the street. Secondly, the performance of a street can be assessed according to transportation, environmental, and place criteria, and compared to the target performance levels specified by the street’s classification. As there are many different impacts to consider on a street, additional work is required to define the priorities and performance objectives for different types of streets. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 73-95 Issue: 1 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1299815 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1299815 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:1:p:73-95 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jesper Bláfoss Ingvardson Author-X-Name-First: Jesper Bláfoss Author-X-Name-Last: Ingvardson Author-Name: Otto Anker Nielsen Author-X-Name-First: Otto Anker Author-X-Name-Last: Nielsen Title: Effects of new bus and rail rapid transit systems – an international review Abstract: Cities worldwide are implementing modern transit systems to improve mobility in the increasingly congested metropolitan areas. Despite much research on the effects of such systems, a comparison of effects across transit modes and countries has not been studied comprehensively. This paper fills this gap in the literature by reviewing and comparing the effects obtained by 86 transit systems around the world, including Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), Light Rail Transit (LRT), metro and heavy rail transit systems. The analysis is twofold by analysing (i) the direct operational effects related to travel time, ridership and modal shifts, and (ii) the indirect strategic effects in terms of effects on property values and urban development. The review confirms the existing literature suggesting that BRT can attract many passengers if travel time reductions are significantly high. This leads to attractive areas surrounding the transit line with increasing property values. Such effects are traditionally associated with attractive rail-based public transport systems. However, a statistical comparison of 41 systems did not show significant deviations between effects on property values resulting from BRT, LRT and metro systems, respectively. Hence, this paper indicates that large strategic effects can be obtained by implementing BRT systems at a much lower cost. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 96-116 Issue: 1 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1301594 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1301594 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:1:p:96-116 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David A. Hensher Author-X-Name-First: David A. Author-X-Name-Last: Hensher Title: Toll roads – a view after 25 years Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 1-5 Issue: 1 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1330850 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1330850 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:1:p:1-5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Harry Timmermans Author-X-Name-First: Harry Author-X-Name-Last: Timmermans Author-Name: Theo Arentze Author-X-Name-First: Theo Author-X-Name-Last: Arentze Title: Transport Models and Urban Planning Practice: Experiences with Albatross Abstract: In this paper, the authors reflect on the often discussed relationship between transportation demand models and daily planning practice. Using Albatross as an example of activity‐based models, the potential role of these models is discussed. It is argued that modelling efforts only make sense to the extent that they complement personal or commonly held beliefs. Qualitative and especially quantitative assessments of secondary and tertiary effects (in addition to primary effects) are important in this context. The development of simple models should not be a goal in its own right—integrated policies and a complex reality require complex models to make them of any value if the model is nothing more than ‘just another story’ without any added credibility or proven value. Compared to traditional models, the activity‐based approach in transport demand modelling combines such increased complexity and interpretability. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 199-207 Issue: 2 Volume: 31 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2010.518292 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2010.518292 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:31:y:2011:i:2:p:199-207 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carey Curtis Author-X-Name-First: Carey Author-X-Name-Last: Curtis Title: Integrating Land Use with Public Transport: The Use of a Discursive Accessibility Tool to Inform Metropolitan Spatial Planning in Perth Abstract: Traditional transport modelling tools have not been used to enable planners to assess the extent to which future metropolitan growth options achieve sustainable accessibility through land use transport integration (LUTI). Further, both the characteristics and use of traditional tools limit the opportunity for stakeholders to participate in an explorative, open‐ended decision‐making process. The paper reports on how a new accessibility assessment tool, designed to overcome these problems, was employed with planning and transport practitioners to enable informed choices between scenarios for future change to Perth’s metropolitan spatial structure and public transport network. It was found that the tool provided measurements for public transport accessibility where previously there were none. More importantly practitioners’ understanding about LUTI was enhanced, particularly by showing the relationships between transport network accessibility and the accessibility of ‘place’. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 179-197 Issue: 2 Volume: 31 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2010.525330 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2010.525330 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:31:y:2011:i:2:p:179-197 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paul Waddell Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Waddell Title: Integrated Land Use and Transportation Planning and Modelling: Addressing Challenges in Research and Practice Abstract: Academic research in integrated land use and transportation modelling is on the rise, in no small part due to growing interest from public agencies that need to improve their capacity to respond to complex policy questions arising in the context of transportation, land use and environmental planning. But the process of taking models developed in an academic research setting, where theoretical validity and the advancement of methodology receive high priority, and moving them into public agency settings in which priorities such as reliability, ease of use and staff capacity to explain to stakeholders what the models are doing, and why, create predictable gaps in understanding and can undermine a project. In this paper, we develop lessons from the experiences of multiple planning agencies in applying UrbanSim in their operational agency settings and integrating it with their transport model systems. In contexts as varied as Detroit, Honolulu, Houston, Phoenix, Seattle and San Francisco, we find that there are common elements to the tensions of appropriating a model system for their own use. We assess how the evolution in the design of the model system has responded to policy and technical challenges presented by this domain, and propose directions for further development. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 209-229 Issue: 2 Volume: 31 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2010.525671 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2010.525671 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:31:y:2011:i:2:p:209-229 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael Wegener Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Wegener Title: From Macro to Micro—How Much Micro is too Much? Abstract: This paper discusses the usefulness of the trend towards microsimulation in urban transport and land‐use modelling for the planning practice. It starts with a history of urban transport and land‐use models and observes a trend towards increasing conceptual, spatial and temporal resolution stimulated by improved data availability, higher computer speed and better theories about mobility and location of individual behaviour. While recognizing these advances, the paper calls attention to the problems of disaggregate models in terms of data requirements, computing time and stochastic variation and shows that in the light of new challenges cities are facing environmental problems, such as energy scarcity and climate change, not further refinement but more focus on basic needs and constraints is needed to make the models useful for the planning practice. As a possible solution to the macro–micro debate, it calls for a theory of multi‐level models according to which for each planning task there is an appropriate level of conceptual, spatial and temporal resolution. The paper closes with an example of a multi‐level land use, transport and environment model ranging from the European to the grid cell level. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 161-177 Issue: 2 Volume: 31 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2010.532883 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2010.532883 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:31:y:2011:i:2:p:161-177 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Henrik Gudmundsson Author-X-Name-First: Henrik Author-X-Name-Last: Gudmundsson Title: Analysing Models as a Knowledge Technology in Transport Planning Abstract: Models belong to a wider family of knowledge technologies, applied in the transport area. Models sometimes share with other such technologies the fate of not being used as intended, or not at all. The result may be ill‐conceived plans as well as wasted resources. Frequently, the blame for such a mismatch is put on irrational decision‐making, or ‘politics’, while still more energy is put into improving the models. These problems are not new, but seem persistent. It may be appropriate to re‐read the symptoms, and consider new cures for disconnections between models and their uses. This paper applies critical analytic literature on knowledge utilization and policy influence. A simple scheme based in this literature is drawn up to provide a framework for discussing the interface between urban transport planning and model use. A successful example of model use in Stockholm, Sweden is used as a heuristic device to illuminate how such an analytic scheme may allow patterns of insight about the use, influence and role of models in planning to emerge. The main contribution of the paper is to demonstrate that concepts and terminologies from knowledge use literature can provide interpretations of significance for the simulation model area. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 145-159 Issue: 2 Volume: 31 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2010.532884 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2010.532884 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:31:y:2011:i:2:p:145-159 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petter Næss Author-X-Name-First: Petter Author-X-Name-Last: Næss Title: The Third Limfjord Crossing: A Case of Pessimism Bias and Knowledge Filtering Abstract: Using the Environmental Impact Assesment (EIA) of the proposed Third Limfjord Crossing in Aalborg, Denmark, as an example, this paper discusses how pessimism bias against the no‐build alternative acted as an instrument to persuade decision‐makers into adopting a proposed road scheme. Assuming that traffic growth would be the same whether or not a new motorway was constructed, the planners in the Limfjord case concluded that intolerable congestion would arise in the absence of increased road capacity. The paper discusses how such bias was created through the assumptions of the Limfjord case traffic model, and gives an outline of the planning and decision‐making process in which the model was used. The latter includes a formal complaint opposing the motorway project and the responses to this complaint. The paper concludes that a process of knowledge filtering has taken place, where state‐of‐the‐art knowledge about induced and generated travel ended up being dismissed in the political and legal decision‐making system. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 231-249 Issue: 2 Volume: 31 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2010.534569 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2010.534569 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:31:y:2011:i:2:p:231-249 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paul Pfaffenbichler Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Pfaffenbichler Title: Modelling with Systems Dynamics as a Method to Bridge the Gap between Politics, Planning and Science? Lessons Learnt from the Development of the Land Use and Transport Model MARS Abstract: Systems Dynamics (SD) was founded by John Forrester and colleagues in the late 1950s at the MIT. SD offers qualitative and quantitative tools to analyse systems. The major qualitative method is Causal Loop Diagrams (CLDs). CLDs facilitate the description, communication and discussion of any kind of system. CLDs allow statements about the principal system behaviour, i.e. whether a state of dynamic equilibrium can be reached or not. CLDs can form the basis for quantitative dynamic modelling. The major quantitative SD principles are stocks and flows. Qualitative and quantitative methods have been used to develop the dynamic land use and transport interaction model MARS (Metropolitan Activity Relocation Simulator). Operational models exist in 14 European, Asian and South American cities. Versions of Washington DC and Ho Chi Minh City are under development. An interface called ‘flight simulator’ which allows to select policies from a predefined set, run the model and calculate the effects of the selected policy accompanies MARS. The flight simulator tool was used in workshops with politicians, planners and researchers in Vietnam and Brazil. The aim of this paper is to discuss the potential of an SD‐based approach to bridge the gap between politics, planning and science. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 267-289 Issue: 2 Volume: 31 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2010.534570 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2010.534570 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:31:y:2011:i:2:p:267-289 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daniel Jonsson Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Author-X-Name-Last: Jonsson Author-Name: Svante Berglund Author-X-Name-First: Svante Author-X-Name-Last: Berglund Author-Name: Peter Almström Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Almström Author-Name: Staffan Algers Author-X-Name-First: Staffan Author-X-Name-Last: Algers Title: The Usefulness of Transport Models in Swedish Planning Practice Abstract: This paper presents some experience from using transport models in Swedish planning practice. First we outline three recent examples of planning settings in which transport models have been put to extensive use. For the Swedish ‘national’ transport plan for the period 2010–2021, which was recently finished, the national transport model SAMPERS was used to compute costs and benefits for many investment projects. The second example concerns the ‘regional’ plan for Stockholm, where a similar but less detailed model, LuTRANS, was used to investigate different transport and land use scenarios. The third example discusses a recent study on the feasibility of introducing congestion charges in Gothenburg, where both a fixed demand approach and SAMPERS were used. Furthermore, the paper tries to help identify what model development can do to help improve the production of decision support through modelling. We argue that effectiveness and efficiency are key. The first is characterized by making sure that the right things are done and that they are done right. Efficiency, which is less often discussed in the literature, is framed in terms of doing things on time and doing them only once. The managing organization around a national model system can play an important role in helping users avoid redundant work. It is also a good idea to resist the temptation to use up all improvements in computing power for additional model features. There are many worthwhile analyses that are never done because of time constraints. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 251-265 Issue: 2 Volume: 31 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2010.537100 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2010.537100 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:31:y:2011:i:2:p:251-265 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marco te Brömmelstroet Author-X-Name-First: Marco te Author-X-Name-Last: Brömmelstroet Author-Name: Luca Bertolini Author-X-Name-First: Luca Author-X-Name-Last: Bertolini Title: The Role of Transport‐Related Models in Urban Planning Practice Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 139-143 Issue: 2 Volume: 31 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2010.541295 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2010.541295 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:31:y:2011:i:2:p:139-143 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carlos J. L. Balsas Author-X-Name-First: Carlos J. L. Author-X-Name-Last: Balsas Title: The Routledge International handbook of walking Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 407-408 Issue: 3 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1422196 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1422196 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:3:p:407-408 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xiaoxia Dong Author-X-Name-First: Xiaoxia Author-X-Name-Last: Dong Title: Faster, smarter, greener: the future of the car and urban mobility Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 409-410 Issue: 3 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1431321 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1431321 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:3:p:409-410 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rebecca Sanders Author-X-Name-First: Rebecca Author-X-Name-Last: Sanders Title: Streetfight: handbook for an urban revolution Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 410-412 Issue: 3 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1441922 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1441922 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:3:p:410-412 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eric Bruun Author-X-Name-First: Eric Author-X-Name-Last: Bruun Title: Driverless cars: on a road to nowhere Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 412-414 Issue: 3 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1445669 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1445669 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:3:p:412-414 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nicholas J. Klein Author-X-Name-First: Nicholas J. Author-X-Name-Last: Klein Title: The cycling city: bicycles and urban America in the 1890s Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 415-416 Issue: 3 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1448485 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1448485 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:3:p:415-416 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Robert J. Schneider Author-X-Name-First: Robert J. Author-X-Name-Last: Schneider Title: Walking: connecting sustainable transport with health Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 416-418 Issue: 3 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1461145 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1461145 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:3:p:416-418 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Banister Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Banister Title: Beyond mobility: planning cities for people and places Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 418-419 Issue: 3 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1462272 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1462272 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:3:p:418-419 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kenneth Button Author-X-Name-First: Kenneth Author-X-Name-Last: Button Title: The value and challenges of using meta-analysis in transportation economics Abstract: The difficulties economists have in conducting laboratory experiments necessitates much of their applied analysis being based on numerous quasi-experiments conducted under a variety of uncontrolled conditions. The result is the need to synthesis these results if any generally useful parameters are to be found for such things as value transfers or policy assessments in transportation. The paper reviews some of the issues involved in using meta-analysis to conduct statistical analysis of such previous quantitative work in transportation economics, examines the success that more recent meta studies have had in overcoming earlier criticisms of the methodology, and sets this in the contexts of on-going developments in meta-analysis more generally. The paper suggests ways that meta-analytics can address some remaining issues. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 293-308 Issue: 3 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1464078 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1464078 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:3:p:293-308 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Matan E. Singer Author-X-Name-First: Matan E. Author-X-Name-Last: Singer Title: Restructuring public transport through bus rapid transit: An international and interdisciplinary perspective Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 420-421 Issue: 3 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1467981 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1467981 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:3:p:420-421 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alireza Mohammadi Author-X-Name-First: Alireza Author-X-Name-Last: Mohammadi Author-Name: Luis Amador-Jimenez Author-X-Name-First: Luis Author-X-Name-Last: Amador-Jimenez Author-Name: Fuzhan Nasiri Author-X-Name-First: Fuzhan Author-X-Name-Last: Nasiri Title: Review of asset management for metro systems: challenges and opportunities Abstract: Metro systems play a crucial role in the movement of millions of passengers worldwide as commuters rely on a fast, reliable, and convenient underground railway for their daily transportation. However, in many cases, the quality of the service that can be delivered, including performance, attractiveness, and customer satisfaction, are constrained by poorly maintained infrastructure. Meanwhile, effective planning to maintain, rehabilitate, replace and expand existing systems must respect technical, social, political, financial, and management constraints. There is a lack of a comprehensive framework for managing metro assets. This is mainly due to the multiplicity of components; the complexity of their interdependencies; common lack of historical data and performance indicators; and unavailability of a unified framework that integrates forecasts of future demand with decision-making systems. The main objective of this research is to review available studies and models for underground rail systems, identify the main strategic-operational planning gaps, and propose critical tasks for a comprehensive asset management framework. The platform developed in this research is suitable for further studies in urban railways such as Rail Rapid Transit (underground and surface), Light Rail Transit, and suburban trains as well as other modes of transport (e.g. traditional buses, Bus-Rapid-Transit). Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 309-326 Issue: 3 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1470119 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1470119 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:3:p:309-326 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Candace Brakewood Author-X-Name-First: Candace Author-X-Name-Last: Brakewood Author-Name: Kari Watkins Author-X-Name-First: Kari Author-X-Name-Last: Watkins Title: A literature review of the passenger benefits of real-time transit information Abstract: Recently, it has become common practice for transit operators to provide real-time information (RTI) to passengers about the location or predicted arrival times of transit vehicles. Accompanying this is a growing body of literature that aims to assess the impacts of RTI on transit passenger behaviour and perceptions. The main objective of this research is to compile a literature review of studies that assess the passenger benefits of RTI provision. The results suggest that the primary behavioural changes associated with providing RTI to passengers pertain to decreased wait times, reductions in overall travel time due to changes in path choice, and increased use of transit. RTI may also be associated with increased satisfaction with transit service and increases in the perception of personal security when riding transit. A second objective of this review was to identify areas for future research based on remaining gaps in the literature; two keys areas that were identified are assessing actual behavioural changes of path choice of transit riders and conducting cost–benefit analyses post implementation of RTI systems. The results of this study have immediate implications for public transit operators considering implementation or expansion of RTI systems and researchers seeking topics for future investigation. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 327-356 Issue: 3 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1472147 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1472147 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:3:p:327-356 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maria Börjesson Author-X-Name-First: Maria Author-X-Name-Last: Börjesson Author-Name: Jonas Eliasson Author-X-Name-First: Jonas Author-X-Name-Last: Eliasson Title: Should values of time be differentiated? Abstract: We explore the issue of differentiating the valuation of travel time savings (VTTS) in transport cost-benefit analysis, summarising and discussing theories forming the basis for arguments for and against VTTS differentiation. We stress some important implications, insights and consequences of different assumptions relating to these theories, many of which we feel have been underappreciated in much of the CBA literature and practice. We derive a welfare rule including a social cost for monetary redistributions and show the implications for how the VTTS can be defined in different choice situations. Crucially, the applicable VTTS definition depends on whether travel costs (fares) are under public control and to whom benefits accrue in the long run. In some choice situations, the VTTS should be controlled for differences in income, but it is important to always take into account differences in marginal utilities of time (e.g. across travel time components, modes and trip purposes). Using Swedish data, we show that controlling the VTTS for income differences changes the VTTS only slightly; the variation in VTTS across modes, trip lengths, trip purposes apparently stems primarily from differences in marginal utilities of time rather than income. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 357-375 Issue: 3 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1480543 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1480543 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:3:p:357-375 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alexa Delbosc Author-X-Name-First: Alexa Author-X-Name-Last: Delbosc Author-Name: Graham Currie Author-X-Name-First: Graham Author-X-Name-Last: Currie Title: Why do people fare evade? A global shift in fare evasion research Abstract: Fare evasion is a significant concern for most transit authorities. The traditional approach to fare compliance has focussed on modifying the physical control of ticketing or ticket inspection rates. Yet recently the perspective on fare evasion has begun to shift toward profiling the fare evader or understanding the customer motivations to fare evade. This paper uses a literature review method to document the characteristics of these three perspectives on fare evasion: the conventional transit system perspective, the customer profiling perspective and the customer motivations perspective. We find that the conventional transit system perspective, although straightforward to measure and control, has its limits particularly in “open” transit systems. The customer profiling perspective attempts to identify, based on demographics, which customers are more likely to fare evade. However this perspective has little use beyond profiling and is ethically questionable. The customer motivations perspective provides a richer understanding of how customers define fare evasion and what attitudes, social norms and circumstances motivates them to fare evade. Considering that between 20% and 40% of a city’s residents admit to fare evading at some point, understanding these complex motivations can help improve revenue compliance at a time when most governments heavily subsidise their transit systems. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 376-391 Issue: 3 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1482382 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1482382 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:3:p:376-391 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sarah E. O’Toole Author-X-Name-First: Sarah E. Author-X-Name-Last: O’Toole Author-Name: Nicola Christie Author-X-Name-First: Nicola Author-X-Name-Last: Christie Title: Educating parents to support children’s road safety: a review of the literature Abstract: This narrative review synthesised the limited work that has been carried out into road safety education targeting parents. Parent education appeared to have a positive impact on child safety seat use and children’s bike helmet use, but results regarding the impact of parent education on pedestrian safety were mixed. The review highlighted important gaps in the literature. A key gap being identifying effective ways to engage parents of low socioeconomic and ethnic minority backgrounds. Further, another gap is understanding effective ways to engage and support parents of children with additional needs to build their children’s road safety skills. There is some evidence that parent education has a positive impact on these “at-risk” groups, but little work on how to engage with these groups and the type of parent education required. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 392-406 Issue: 3 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1499678 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1499678 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:3:p:392-406 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Banister Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Banister Title: Transport for all Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 289-292 Issue: 3 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2019.1582905 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2019.1582905 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:3:p:289-292 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Banister Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Banister Title: Transport Reviews at 40 Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 1-4 Issue: 1 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1693365 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1693365 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:1:p:1-4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kiron Chatterjee Author-X-Name-First: Kiron Author-X-Name-Last: Chatterjee Author-Name: Samuel Chng Author-X-Name-First: Samuel Author-X-Name-Last: Chng Author-Name: Ben Clark Author-X-Name-First: Ben Author-X-Name-Last: Clark Author-Name: Adrian Davis Author-X-Name-First: Adrian Author-X-Name-Last: Davis Author-Name: Jonas De Vos Author-X-Name-First: Jonas Author-X-Name-Last: De Vos Author-Name: Dick Ettema Author-X-Name-First: Dick Author-X-Name-Last: Ettema Author-Name: Susan Handy Author-X-Name-First: Susan Author-X-Name-Last: Handy Author-Name: Adam Martin Author-X-Name-First: Adam Author-X-Name-Last: Martin Author-Name: Louise Reardon Author-X-Name-First: Louise Author-X-Name-Last: Reardon Title: Commuting and wellbeing: a critical overview of the literature with implications for policy and future research Abstract: This review provides a critical overview of what has been learnt about commuting’s impact on subjective wellbeing (SWB). It is structured around a conceptual model which assumes commuting can affect SWB over three time horizons: (i) during the journey; (ii) immediately after the journey; and (iii) over the longer term. Our assessment of the evidence shows that mood is lower during the commute than other daily activities and stress can be induced by congestion, crowding and unpredictability. People who walk or cycle to work are generally more satisfied with their commute than those who travel by car and especially those who use public transport. Satisfaction decreases with duration of commute, regardless of mode used, and increases when travelling with company. After the journey, evidence shows that the commute experience “spills over” into how people feel and perform at work and home. However, a consistent link between commuting and life satisfaction overall has not been established. The evidence suggests that commuters are generally successful in trading off the drawbacks of longer and more arduous commute journeys against the benefits they bring in relation to overall life satisfaction, but further research is required to understand the decision making involved. The evidence review points to six areas that warrant policy action and research: (i) enhancing the commute experience; (ii) increasing commute satisfaction; (iii) reducing the impacts of long duration commutes; (iv) meeting commuter preferences; (v) recognising flexibility and constraints in commuting routines and (vi) accounting for SWB impacts of commuting in policy making and appraisal. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 5-34 Issue: 1 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2019.1649317 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2019.1649317 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:1:p:5-34 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Subash Humagain Author-X-Name-First: Subash Author-X-Name-Last: Humagain Author-Name: Roopak Sinha Author-X-Name-First: Roopak Author-X-Name-Last: Sinha Author-Name: Edmund Lai Author-X-Name-First: Edmund Author-X-Name-Last: Lai Author-Name: Prakash Ranjitkar Author-X-Name-First: Prakash Author-X-Name-Last: Ranjitkar Title: A systematic review of route optimisation and pre-emption methods for emergency vehicles Abstract: Reducing the travel time of emergency vehicles (EVs) is an effective way to improve critical services such as ambulance, fire, and police. Route optimisation and pre-emption are powerful techniques used to reduce EV travel time. This paper presents a systematic literature review of optimisation and pre-emption techniques for routing EVs. A detailed classification of existing techniques is presented along with critical analysis and discussion. The study observes the limitations of existing routing systems and lack of real-world applications of the proposed pre-emption systems, leading to several interesting and important knowledge and implementation gaps that require further investigation. These gaps include optimisations using real-time dynamic traffic data, considering time to travel as a critical parameter within dynamic route planning algorithms, considering advanced algorithms, assessing and minimising the effects of EV routing on other traffic, and addressing safety concerns in traffic networks containing multiple EVs at the same time. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 35-53 Issue: 1 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2019.1649319 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2019.1649319 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:1:p:35-53 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Franziska Kirschner Author-X-Name-First: Franziska Author-X-Name-Last: Kirschner Author-Name: Martin Lanzendorf Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Lanzendorf Title: Parking management for promoting sustainable transport in urban neighbourhoods. A review of existing policies and challenges from a German perspective Abstract: The organisation of parking is a key challenge to more sustainable mobility in urban areas, as its pricing and availability affect the rates of private car ownership and use. However, changing parking policies is a challenging issue for local politicians and planners because residents frequently oppose changes or restrictions to conditions they have taken for granted such as on-street parking in a public space. The aim of this paper is firstly to assess how the parking policy of an urban neighbourhood can be structured to contribute to more sustainable mobility and to increase liveability in the neighbourhood. The second aim is to apply the policies reviewed to an example neighbourhood. For this purpose, we systematically reviewed academic literature and identified five types of relevant parking policies: (i) maximum parking requirements, (ii) physical detachment of residence and parking space, (iii) residential parking permits and the limitation of available parking space, (iv) performance-based pricing and (v) parking as a demand management strategy. We discovered that most research focuses on econometric models about parking and that studies rarely address the effects of parking on the quality of life in neighbourhoods. Therefore, we need further research regarding the relationship of parking and liveability. We conclude that for the implementation of such parking policies in an example neighbourhood, the municipality needs to develop a mobility vision for its city. It has to understand parking as a tool for transportation demand management to increase the acceptance of parking policy concepts and to avoid spillover problems. Finally, in the German case, as in most other countries, states and municipalities need to redesign their legal frameworks to be able to manage parking supply better and to react to changes related to digital developments and parking. The findings have implications for other European neighbourhoods regarding the transfer from research to local circumstances and applications for the whole city. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 54-75 Issue: 1 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2019.1666929 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2019.1666929 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:1:p:54-75 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kenneth Button Author-X-Name-First: Kenneth Author-X-Name-Last: Button Title: The “Ubernomics” of ridesourcing: the myths and the reality Abstract: This paper looks at the economics of ridesourcing (or app-based ride-hailing) with a particular focus on the US. It brings together the rather dispersed literature on the subject focusing on the economic characteristics of the underlying industry and sets this within the broader context of transportation economics. In particular, it sorts out the realities of ridesourcing from some of myths that were perpetrated in its early days and, in many cases, still persist. It considers some of the empirical evidence that has emerged regarding the key parameters that determine the way Uber and the like operate, and the welfare implications of this, together with comments on some of the regulatory reactions to the new transportation platform. It concludes by suggesting some ways in which recent developments in economic could move forward our understanding of the industry as technologies and markets change. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 76-94 Issue: 1 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2019.1687605 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2019.1687605 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:1:p:76-94 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Avigail Ferdman Author-X-Name-First: Avigail Author-X-Name-Last: Ferdman Title: Corporate ownership of automated vehicles: discussing potential negative externalities Abstract: This paper proposes a new angle on the relationship between ownership models of automated vehicles and implications for travel. Specifically, the paper speculates on the potential negative externalities of corporate ownership. It argues that corporate ownership may prolong trips in order to maximise returns on capital and to take advantage of passengers’ in-vehicle attention. Corporate owners are expected to generate revenue from providing passengers with personalised content, by providing car-immersive entertainment services and prolonging trips. The paper argues that corporate owners will have important stakes in the “attention economy”: a fast-growing industry with an explicit interest in harvesting persons’ attention through digital content, and repurposing it for financial gain. One of the consequences of corporate ownership introducing such incentives into transport schemes is that congestion may worsen, because the corporate owner can generate potential revenue from prolonging travel time. This would work against the goals of reducing travel time for passengers and engendering more sustainable transport. In addition, there may be other negative externalities from corporate ownership with stakes in the attention economy: a reduction in positive utility due to reduction in the ability to convert travel time to productive time; a reduction in human well-being, and widening of social injustice. Given that the attention economy is in the business of capturing persons' attention, this will make it difficult to convert travel time into productive time, since it will become harder for the passenger to disengage from tailored digital targeting. In addition, in-vehicle experience, combined with the hold that the attention economy will have on passengers, reduces the potential of developing and exercising our human capacities, which is crucial for well-being. Finally, subscription plans that will offer the ability to opt-out from personalised targeting may create social injustice insofar as some people will be able to afford opting-out, while others will not. The upshot is that corporate interests need to be taken into account in assessing the implications of automated vehicles on travel, and regulatory mechanisms to anticipate and correct for these externalities are timely. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 95-113 Issue: 1 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2019.1687606 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2019.1687606 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:1:p:95-113 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nicolas Paquet Author-X-Name-First: Nicolas Author-X-Name-Last: Paquet Title: Maritime mobilities Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 114-115 Issue: 1 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2019.1689695 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2019.1689695 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:1:p:114-115 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tom van Vuren Author-X-Name-First: Tom Author-X-Name-Last: van Vuren Title: Modeling of transport demand – analyzing, calculating, and forecasting transport demand Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 115-117 Issue: 1 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2019.1635226 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2019.1635226 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:1:p:115-117 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miloš N. Mladenović Author-X-Name-First: Miloš N. Author-X-Name-Last: Mladenović Title: Mobility justice: the politics of movement in an age of extremes Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 117-120 Issue: 1 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2019.1654556 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2019.1654556 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:1:p:117-120 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marc Fialkoff Author-X-Name-First: Marc Author-X-Name-Last: Fialkoff Title: Uniformity of transport law through international regimes Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 120-121 Issue: 1 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2019.1656678 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2019.1656678 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:1:p:120-121 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Meredith Glaser Author-X-Name-First: Meredith Author-X-Name-Last: Glaser Author-Name: Kevin J. Krizek Author-X-Name-First: Kevin J. Author-X-Name-Last: Krizek Title: Copenhagenize: the definitive guide to global bicycle urbanism Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 121-123 Issue: 1 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2019.1656679 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2019.1656679 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:1:p:121-123 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: William Riggs Author-X-Name-First: William Author-X-Name-Last: Riggs Title: The end of driving: transportation systems and public policy planning for autonomous vehicles Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 124-125 Issue: 1 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2019.1668492 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2019.1668492 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:1:p:124-125 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elliott Sclar Author-X-Name-First: Elliott Author-X-Name-Last: Sclar Title: Transforming urban transport Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 125-127 Issue: 1 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2019.1685610 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2019.1685610 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:1:p:125-127 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Banister Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Banister Title: Moshe Givoni Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 128-129 Issue: 1 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1700002 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1700002 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:1:p:128-129 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Harshada Patel Author-X-Name-First: Harshada Author-X-Name-Last: Patel Author-Name: Mirabelle D’Cruz Author-X-Name-First: Mirabelle Author-X-Name-Last: D’Cruz Title: Passenger-centric factors influencing the experience of aircraft comfort Abstract: Enhancing passenger comfort in an air cabin environment is uniquely challenging. Air travel offers a restrictive passenger experience in terms of available space and the ability to change one’s position or journey. The first step to designing experiences for comfort is to take a broader view of the factors which influence in-flight comfort. While many studies have considered the design and services of aircrafts and airlines, this review focuses on the passenger and the internal and external factors which can affect their comfort. We present a descriptive model of comfort that comprises factors such as individual characteristics, personal travel context and interaction with others. This model could be used to develop an improved aircraft passenger experience. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 252-269 Issue: 2 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1307877 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1307877 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:2:p:252-269 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Devajyoti Deka Author-X-Name-First: Devajyoti Author-X-Name-Last: Deka Title: Bicycle justice and urban transformation: biking for all? Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 270-271 Issue: 2 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1311965 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1311965 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:2:p:270-271 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John Pucher Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Pucher Title: The urban transport crisis in emerging economies Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 271-273 Issue: 2 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1313333 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1313333 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:2:p:271-273 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gabriele Prati Author-X-Name-First: Gabriele Author-X-Name-Last: Prati Author-Name: Víctor Marín Puchades Author-X-Name-First: Víctor Author-X-Name-Last: Marín Puchades Author-Name: Marco De Angelis Author-X-Name-First: Marco Author-X-Name-Last: De Angelis Author-Name: Federico Fraboni Author-X-Name-First: Federico Author-X-Name-Last: Fraboni Author-Name: Luca Pietrantoni Author-X-Name-First: Luca Author-X-Name-Last: Pietrantoni Title: Factors contributing to bicycle–motorised vehicle collisions: a systematic literature review Abstract: Bicycle–motorised vehicle (BMV) collisions account for the majority of the recorded bicyclists’ fatalities and serious injuries. This systematic review intends to examine the main factors contributing to BMV collisions. We performed a comprehensive literature review on Scopus, TRID, ProQuest, and Web of Science databases. Fifty-nine English-language peer-reviewed articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in the final analysis. The main factors contributing to BMV collisions identified were classified in accordance with a recently published conceptual framework for road safety. The majority of studies have identified factors related to road users’ behaviour (59.3%) and infrastructure characteristics (57.6%). A minority of studies identified variables related to exposure (40.7%) and vehicles (15.3%) as contributor factors to BMV collisions. A small but significant proportion of studies (20.3%) provided evidence that environmental factors may also play a role, although to a lesser extent, in determining BMV collisions. In addition to the three factors comprised in the applied conceptual framework for road safety, we identified environmental conditions as a category of factors contributing to BMV collisions. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 184-208 Issue: 2 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1314391 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1314391 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:2:p:184-208 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Imre Keseru Author-X-Name-First: Imre Author-X-Name-Last: Keseru Author-Name: Cathy Macharis Author-X-Name-First: Cathy Author-X-Name-Last: Macharis Title: Travel-based multitasking: review of the empirical evidence Abstract: This paper reviews 58 studies with empirical evidence on travel-based multitasking, identifies gaps in terms of data collection methods and provides a comprehensive review of findings about the significance of variables with an impact on the prevalence and type of multitasking. We identified the limitations of quantitative or qualitative surveys and advocate a mixed methods approach to provide an in-depth understanding of travel-based multitasking. We revealed that cross-country comparisons are missing due to the lack of empirical evidence outside the developed countries. While there are indications of increasing multitasking with mobile devices, we found only two longitudinal surveys that provide evidence. We call for a standardisation of definitions of multitasking activities to enable more longitudinal research. We identified 75 variables that were tested for impact on travel-based multitasking in previous research, of which 60 were found to be significant. Sufficient evidence (i.e. minimum three papers), however, only exists for age, gender, trip duration, travel mode, trip purpose, time of the day and day of the week of the trip and the presence of a travel companion. Therefore, more research is suggested to determine the influence of attitude, comfort, availability of equipment, time use and spatial attributes on the type and prevalence of travel-based multitasking. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 162-183 Issue: 2 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1317048 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1317048 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:2:p:162-183 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sanhita Das Author-X-Name-First: Sanhita Author-X-Name-Last: Das Author-Name: Akhilesh Kumar Maurya Author-X-Name-First: Akhilesh Kumar Author-X-Name-Last: Maurya Title: Modelling of motorised two-wheelers: a review of the literature Abstract: Motorised two-wheeler (MTW) has emerged as the most widely used transportation mode for short distance trips in many Asian and European countries because of its affordable price and flexibility in manoeuvring through traffic. Its small size and aggressive riding patterns can considerably affect the overall traffic flow characteristics and safety. Modelling the characteristic behaviour and complex movement patterns of motorised two-wheelers is essential due to their pronounced role in microscopic traffic simulations, traffic management strategies, safety evaluation, transport planning and intelligent transportation systems. This paper begins with an overview of the determinant factors used for MTW modelling, followed by a critical review of various modelling approaches that have been adopted to depict the movement patterns of MTWs. The review concentrates on (i) identifying the factors mostly studied with respect to MTW-research, (ii) discussing the potential and limitations of each modelling approach and (iii) reporting some of the aspects that need further consideration for modelling MTWs in heterogeneous mixed traffic streams. The findings of the paper suggest that an integrated approach can be more viable to depict the unique riding patterns of motorised two-wheelers and some possible directions for future studies are also proposed. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 209-231 Issue: 2 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1317049 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1317049 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:2:p:209-231 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chris De Gruyter Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: De Gruyter Author-Name: Geoffrey Rose Author-X-Name-First: Geoffrey Author-X-Name-Last: Rose Author-Name: Graham Currie Author-X-Name-First: Graham Author-X-Name-Last: Currie Author-Name: Tom Rye Author-X-Name-First: Tom Author-X-Name-Last: Rye Author-Name: Emilie van de Graaff Author-X-Name-First: Emilie Author-X-Name-Last: van de Graaff Title: Travel plans for new developments: a global review Abstract: A travel plan is a mechanism for delivering a package of transport measures at a site to manage car use and encourage the use of more sustainable forms of transport. In recent years, travel plans have been required for new infill and greenfield developments through the land-use planning and approvals process, predominantly in the United Kingdom, the United States, continental Europe and Australia. This paper contributes to the literature by providing a global review of travel plans for new developments. The results show that while travel plans for new developments share a common set of elements with those for pre-existing sites, differences within each element are notable, particularly in the types of travel plan measures adopted, processes for managing the travel plan, and approaches to monitoring and review. Results of previous evaluations have varied considerably, although most have reported a reduction in car driver trips of 10–20 percentage points. Despite this, most evaluations lack rigour, with a paucity of robust evidence. Key success factors identified by the literature, such as the provision of an explicit policy supporting the role of travel plans, should be embedded within the travel planning process where possible to ensure best outcomes for new developments. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 142-161 Issue: 2 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1322643 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1322643 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:2:p:142-161 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marcus Young Author-X-Name-First: Marcus Author-X-Name-Last: Young Author-Name: Simon Blainey Author-X-Name-First: Simon Author-X-Name-Last: Blainey Title: Railway station choice modelling: a review of methods and evidence Abstract: Since the first railway station choice studies of the 1970s, a substantial body of research on the topic has been completed, primarily in North America, the U.K. and the Netherlands. With many countries seeing sustained growth in rail passenger numbers, which is forecast to continue, station choice models have an important role to play in assessing proposals for new stations or service changes. This paper reviews the modelling approaches adopted, the factors found to influence station choice and the application of models to real-world demand forecasting scenarios. A consensus has formed around using the closed-form multinomial logit and nested logit models, with limited use of more advanced simulation-based models, and the direction effects of a range of factors have been consistently reported. However, there are questions over the validity of applying non-spatial discrete choice models to a context where spatial correlation will be present, in particular with regard to the models’ ability to adequately represent the abstraction behaviours resulting from competition between stations. Furthermore, there has been limited progress towards developing a methodology to integrate a station choice element into the aggregate models typically used to forecast passenger demand for new stations. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 232-251 Issue: 2 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1326537 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1326537 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:2:p:232-251 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nicola Christie Author-X-Name-First: Nicola Author-X-Name-Last: Christie Title: Why we need to view road safety through a public health lens? Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 139-141 Issue: 2 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1411226 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1411226 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:2:p:139-141 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dimitris Milakis Author-X-Name-First: Dimitris Author-X-Name-Last: Milakis Title: Long-term implications of automated vehicles: an introduction Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 1-8 Issue: 1 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2019.1545286 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2019.1545286 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:1:p:1-8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rodrigo Marçal Gandia Author-X-Name-First: Rodrigo Marçal Author-X-Name-Last: Gandia Author-Name: Fabio Antonialli Author-X-Name-First: Fabio Author-X-Name-Last: Antonialli Author-Name: Bruna Habib Cavazza Author-X-Name-First: Bruna Habib Author-X-Name-Last: Cavazza Author-Name: Arthur Miranda Neto Author-X-Name-First: Arthur Miranda Author-X-Name-Last: Neto Author-Name: Danilo Alves de Lima Author-X-Name-First: Danilo Alves de Author-X-Name-Last: Lima Author-Name: Joel Yutaka Sugano Author-X-Name-First: Joel Yutaka Author-X-Name-Last: Sugano Author-Name: Isabelle Nicolai Author-X-Name-First: Isabelle Author-X-Name-Last: Nicolai Author-Name: Andre Luiz Zambalde Author-X-Name-First: Andre Luiz Author-X-Name-Last: Zambalde Title: Autonomous vehicles: scientometric and bibliometric review Abstract: This paper presents a scientometric and bibliometric review of the research on autonomous vehicles (AVs) to identify its main characteristics, evolution, and potential trends for future studies. Relevant articles were searched on WoS, yielding a research corpus of 10,580 papers, and the software CiteSpace was subsequently used for analysis. The results showed that AV research is heterogeneous and registered a growing demand over time. Multidisciplinarity is present, with 96 science fields being identified. As in any other sector, it is necessary to understand broader aspects of this industry such as the market factors surrounding it, as well as other economic and managerial issues. In this sense, we observed a migration of the research field from multidisciplinarity to pluridisciplinarity with a greater number of studies focusing on the latter. We understand that terminology standardisation contributes to achieving pluridisciplinarity. As such, it is important to highlight that sustainability, public policies, liability, and safety, as well as business issues such as performance and business models are some of the tendencies in the field of AVs. For future studies, we suggest a more in-depth analysis of publications in terms of individual search terms, as well as the sub-areas identified as trends in this paper. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 9-28 Issue: 1 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1518937 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1518937 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:1:p:9-28 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aggelos Soteropoulos Author-X-Name-First: Aggelos Author-X-Name-Last: Soteropoulos Author-Name: Martin Berger Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Berger Author-Name: Francesco Ciari Author-X-Name-First: Francesco Author-X-Name-Last: Ciari Title: Impacts of automated vehicles on travel behaviour and land use: an international review of modelling studies Abstract: Automated vehicles (AVs) could completely change mobility in the coming years and decades. As AVs are still under development and gathering empirical data for further analysis is not yet possible, existing studies mainly applied models and simulations to assess their impact. This paper provides a comprehensive review of modelling studies investigating the impacts of AVs on travel behaviour and land use. It shows that AVs are mostly found to increase vehicle miles travelled and reduce public transport and slow modes share. This particularly applies to private AVs, which are also leading to a more dispersed urban growth pattern. Shared automated vehicle fleets, conversely, could have positive impacts, including reducing the overall number of vehicles and parking spaces. Moreover, if it is assumed that automation would make the public transport system more efficient, AVs could lead to a favouring of urbanisation processes. However, results are very sensitive to model assumptions which are still very uncertain (e.g. the perception of time in AVs) and more research to gain further insight should have priority in future research as well as the development of the models and their further adaptation to AVs. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 29-49 Issue: 1 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1523253 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1523253 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:1:p:29-49 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Patrick A. Singleton Author-X-Name-First: Patrick A. Author-X-Name-Last: Singleton Title: Discussing the “positive utilities” of autonomous vehicles: will travellers really use their time productively? Abstract: Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are expected to reshape travel behaviour and demand in part by enabling productive uses of travel time—a primary component of the “positive utility of travel” concept—thus reducing subjective values of travel time savings (VOT). Many studies from industry and academia have assumed significant increases in travel time use and reductions in VOT for AVs. In this position paper, I argue that AVs’ VOT impacts may be more modest than anticipated and derive from a different source. Vehicle designs and operations may limit activity engagement during travel, with AV users feeling more like car passengers than train riders. Furthermore, shared AVs may attenuate travel time use benefits, and productivity gains could be limited to long-distance trips. Although AV riders will likely have greater activity participation during travel, many in-vehicle activities today may be more about coping with commuting burdens than productively using travel time. Instead, VOT reductions may be more likely to arise from a different “positive utility”—subjective well-being improvements through reduced stresses of driving or the ability to relax and mentally transition. Given high uncertainty, further empirical research on the experiential, time use, and VOT impacts of AVs is needed. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 50-65 Issue: 1 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1470584 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1470584 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:1:p:50-65 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jason Hawkins Author-X-Name-First: Jason Author-X-Name-Last: Hawkins Author-Name: Khandker Nurul Habib Author-X-Name-First: Khandker Author-X-Name-Last: Nurul Habib Title: Integrated models of land use and transportation for the autonomous vehicle revolution Abstract: The advent of the autonomous vehicle (AV) will affect not only the transportation system, but also future patterns of land development. Integrated land use and transportation models will be critical tools in assessing the path forward with this technology. Key questions with respect to land use impacts of AVs arise from potential changes in sensitivity to travel and reduced demand for parking. It is an open question whether AVs will induce urban sprawl, or whether spatial economies of agglomeration will mitigate any reductions in travel time sensitivity. The deployment of shared fleets of AVs would likely reduce parking demand, producing yet to be explored impacts on property development within existing urban footprints. We perform a critical assessment of currently operational models and their ability to represent the adoption of AVs. We identify the representation of time in such models as a vital component requiring additional development to model this new technology. Existing model applications have focused on the discrete addition of new infrastructure or policy at a fixed point in time, whereas AV adoption will occur incrementally through time. Stated adaptation surveys are recommended as tools to quantify preferences and develop relevant model inputs. It is argued that existing models that assume comparatively static equilibrium have been convenient in the past, but are insufficient to model technology adoption. In contrast, dynamic model frameworks lack sufficient structure to maintain reasonability under large perturbations from base conditions. The ongoing advancement of computing has allowed models to move away from being mechanistic aggregate tools, towards behaviourally rich depictions of individual persons and firms. However, much work remains to move from projections of existing conditions into the future, to the evolution of the spatial economy as it evolves through time in response to new technologies and exogenous stresses. Principles from complex and evolutionary systems theory will be important in the development of models with the capacity to consider such dynamics. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 66-83 Issue: 1 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1449033 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1449033 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:1:p:66-83 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Crystal Legacy Author-X-Name-First: Crystal Author-X-Name-Last: Legacy Author-Name: David Ashmore Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Ashmore Author-Name: Jan Scheurer Author-X-Name-First: Jan Author-X-Name-Last: Scheurer Author-Name: John Stone Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Stone Author-Name: Carey Curtis Author-X-Name-First: Carey Author-X-Name-Last: Curtis Title: Planning the driverless city Abstract: AV technologies have the potential to transform urban landscapes and existing transport systems and networks. Yet, the utopian imaginary of reduced automobile ownership and a new shared economic future sits in tension with suggestions that car dependency, urban sprawl and transport inaccessibility will be exacerbated. The issues are situated in a complex governance landscape involving an influential private sector who are increasingly setting the agenda. The public sector may be forced into reacting to the new innovations by information technology and automobile companies as they are introduced into existing built environments. Drawing on an extensive literature base and interviews with public sector planners, this paper reveals the conceptual gaps in the framing of AV technology – the prospects and limits – and how these are conceived. The paper raises questions about the role urban planning can play in the rollout of AVs in order to anticipate and mediate unwanted built environment and socio-spatial impacts, as well as reconciling the ambition of transport innovation with the public purpose of planning. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 84-102 Issue: 1 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1466835 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1466835 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:1:p:84-102 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Araz Taeihagh Author-X-Name-First: Araz Author-X-Name-Last: Taeihagh Author-Name: Hazel Si Min Lim Author-X-Name-First: Hazel Si Min Author-X-Name-Last: Lim Title: Governing autonomous vehicles: emerging responses for safety, liability, privacy, cybersecurity, and industry risks Abstract: The benefits of autonomous vehicles (AVs) are widely acknowledged, but there are concerns about the extent of these benefits and AV risks and unintended consequences. In this article, we first examine AVs and different categories of the technological risks associated with them. We then explore strategies that can be adopted to address these risks, and explore emerging responses by governments for addressing AV risks. Our analyses reveal that, thus far, governments have in most instances avoided stringent measures in order to promote AV developments and the majority of responses are non-binding and focus on creating councils or working groups to better explore AV implications. The US has been active in introducing legislations to address issues related to privacy and cybersecurity. The UK and Germany, in particular, have enacted laws to address liability issues; other countries mostly acknowledge these issues, but have yet to implement specific strategies. To address privacy and cybersecurity risks strategies ranging from introduction or amendment of non-AV specific legislation to creating working groups have been adopted. Much less attention has been paid to issues such as environmental and employment risks, although a few governments have begun programmes to retrain workers who might be negatively affected. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 103-128 Issue: 1 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1494640 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1494640 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:1:p:103-128 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tom Cohen Author-X-Name-First: Tom Author-X-Name-Last: Cohen Author-Name: Clémence Cavoli Author-X-Name-First: Clémence Author-X-Name-Last: Cavoli Title: Automated vehicles: exploring possible consequences of government (non)intervention for congestion and accessibility Abstract: Academic research on automated vehicles (AVs) has to date been dominated by the fields of engineering and computer science. Questions of how this potentially transformative technology should be governed remain under-researched and tend to concentrate on governing the technology’s early development. We respond in this paper by exploring the possible longer-term effect of government (lack of) intervention.The paper tests the hypothesis that a “laissez-faire” governance approach is likely to produce less desirable outcomes in a scenario of mass uptake of AVs than would a well-planned set of government interventions. This is done using two prominent themes in transport policy – traffic flow and accessibility – in a scenario of high market penetration of Level-5 automated vehicles in capitalist market economies. The evidence used is drawn from a literature review and from the findings of a set of workshops with stakeholders.We suggest that a laissez-faire approach will lead to an increase in traffic volume as a result of a growing population of “drivers” and a probable increase in kilometres driven per passenger. At the same time, the hoped-for increases in network efficiency commonly claimed are not guaranteed to come about without appropriate government intervention. The likely consequence is an increase in congestion. And, with respect to accessibility, it is likely that the benefits of AVs will be enjoyed by wealthier individuals and that the wider impacts of AV use (including sprawl) may lead to a deterioration in accessibility for those who depend on walking, cycling or collective transport.We consider the range of possible government intervention in five categories: Planning/land-use; Regulation/policy; Infrastructure/technology; Service provision; and Economic instruments. For each category, we set out a series of interventions that might be used by governments (at city, region or state level) to manage congestion or protect accessibility in the AV scenario described. Many of these (e.g. road pricing) are already part of the policy mix but some (e.g. ban empty running of AVs) would be new. We find that all interventions applicable to the management of traffic flow would also be expected to contribute to the management of accessibility; we define a small number of additional interventions aimed at protecting the accessibility of priority groups.Our general finding is that the adoption of a package of these interventions could be expected to lead to better performance against generic traffic-flow and accessibility objectives than would a laissez-faire approach, though questions of extent of application remain.In our conclusions, we contrast laissez-faire with both anticipatory governance and “precautionary” governance and acknowledge the political difficulty associated with acting in the context of uncertainty. We point out that AVs do not represent the first emerging technology to offer both opportunities and risks and challenge governments at all levels to acknowledge the extent of their potential influence and, in particular, to examine methodically the options available to them and the potential consequences of pursuing them. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 129-151 Issue: 1 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1524401 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1524401 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:1:p:129-151 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hadi Ghaderi Author-X-Name-First: Hadi Author-X-Name-Last: Ghaderi Title: Autonomous technologies in short sea shipping: trends, feasibility and implications Abstract: The maritime industry has been continuously transforming the nature of its business and striving to embrace technology in many aspects. In this context, autonomous technologies have been receiving momentum with a potential to revolutionise the landscape of shipping industry. After conducting a comprehensive literature review on the issues facing by the short sea shipping (SSS) industry, a model is developed to explore the potential savings of removing crew and use of autonomous technologies through a Continuously Unmanned Ship (CUS) that is operated by a Shore Control Centre (SCC). The analysis shows that autonomous technologies are viable to the challenges that the shipping industry is facing in terms of crew costs and skill shortage. To validate this statement, a case study is selected and various scenarios were tested based on relevant operational and financial considerations, including crew arrangement, cargo utilisation levels and shore wage coefficients. The results suggest that the savings occur in demand-uncertain markets and where a network of vessels are operated via a control centre. While autonomous technology use in shipping holds promise, there remain several limitations that this research addresses in terms of implementation, commercial attractiveness, risk profile, legislative, workforce planning and port operations. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 152-173 Issue: 1 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1502834 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1502834 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:1:p:152-173 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dejan Makovšek Author-X-Name-First: Dejan Author-X-Name-Last: Makovšek Author-Name: Marian Moszoro Author-X-Name-First: Marian Author-X-Name-Last: Moszoro Title: Risk pricing inefficiency in public–private partnerships Abstract: There is a drive towards delivering and operating public infrastructure through public–private partnership (PPP) rather than traditional public procurement. The assessment of the value for money achieved by the two alternative approaches rests in the cost of financing and their efficiency in delivery and operation. This paper focuses on the cost of financing, in particular the cost associated with transferring risk from the public to private sphere. If capital markets were efficient and complete, the cost of public (government) and private financing should be the same, with the relative delivery and operational efficiency remaining as the primary determinant of value-for-money. Evidence suggests, however, that the risk transfer to a PPP entails an inefficient risk pricing premium which goes beyond the direct cost of financing. We argue that a high price for PPPs results from large risk transfers, risk treatment within the private sector, and uncertainty around the past and future performance of public–private consortia. The corollary is that the efficiency gains from a PPP must be much higher than commonly expected to deliver a greater value for the money than under a traditional approach. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 298-321 Issue: 3 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1324925 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1324925 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:3:p:298-321 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Patrick Jochem Author-X-Name-First: Patrick Author-X-Name-Last: Jochem Author-Name: Jonatan J. Gómez Vilchez Author-X-Name-First: Jonatan J. Author-X-Name-Last: Gómez Vilchez Author-Name: Axel Ensslen Author-X-Name-First: Axel Author-X-Name-Last: Ensslen Author-Name: Johannes Schäuble Author-X-Name-First: Johannes Author-X-Name-Last: Schäuble Author-Name: Wolf Fichtner Author-X-Name-First: Wolf Author-X-Name-Last: Fichtner Title: Methods for forecasting the market penetration of electric drivetrains in the passenger car market Abstract: Current car technologies will not solve upcoming challenges of mitigating greenhouse gas emissions in road transport. Projections of the market penetration by alternative drive train technologies are controversial regarding both forecast market shares and applied scientific methods. Accepting this latter challenge, we provide a (so far missing) overview of methods applied in this field and give some recommendations for further work. Our focus is to classify the applied methods into a convenient pattern and to analyse models from the recent scientific literature which consider the electrification of light-duty vehicles. We differentiate the following bottom-up approaches: Econometric models with disaggregated data (such as discrete choice), and agent-based simulation models. The group of top-down models are subdivided into econometric models with aggregated data (e.g. vehicle stock data), system dynamics, as well as integrated assessment models with general equilibrium models. It becomes obvious that some methods have a stronger methodological background whereas others require comprehensive data sets or can be combined more flexibly with other methods. Even though there is no dominant method, we can identify a trend in the literature towards data-driven hybrid approaches, which considers micro and macro aspects influencing the market penetration of electric vehicles. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 322-348 Issue: 3 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1326538 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1326538 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:3:p:322-348 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Timothy Ross Author-X-Name-First: Timothy Author-X-Name-Last: Ross Author-Name: Ronald Buliung Author-X-Name-First: Ronald Author-X-Name-Last: Buliung Title: A systematic review of disability’s treatment in the active school travel and children’s independent mobility literatures Abstract: While various forms of social difference (e.g. gender, age, race/ethnicity, and class) have been engaged in the active school travel (AST) and children’s independent mobility (CIM) literatures, one form has gone largely unconsidered: disability. Disregard for disability within these literatures is troubling, as it leaves children’s experiences of disability associated with independent mobility and school travel unquestioned, which in turn helps to allow their experiences of exclusion to persist. This paper presents a systematic review of the AST and CIM literatures that was undertaken with a view to providing insight into three questions. (1) To what extent is disability considered in the literatures in comparison to other forms of social difference? (2) How is disability engaged? (3) How could disability be approached differently such that experiences of children (and their households) living with disability are better accounted for moving forward (e.g. provided with equitable travel/mobility options)? Following a detailed consideration of the systematic review process, this paper presents figures and tables showing the extent to which disability has been considered in the two literatures in relation to other forms of social difference. To show how transport scholars and others are engaging disability, 29 studies were identified for in-depth, qualitative review. These studies are summarized and then discussed in relation to their geographic focus, the forms of disability they considered, their treatment of children’s perspective and agency, and the disability perspectives they employed. It is suggested that disability and its relationships with other forms of social difference, as well as the largely unquestioned normalcy of children’s disability experiences, warrant further inquiry within the AST and CIM literatures. We propose that drawing upon a critical ableist studies perspective may be useful for any such inquiry due to its focus on ableism and normalcy, as well as its recognition of the complex intersectionality of disability experiences. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 349-371 Issue: 3 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1340358 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1340358 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:3:p:349-371 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tor-Olav Nævestad Author-X-Name-First: Tor-Olav Author-X-Name-Last: Nævestad Author-Name: Beate Elvebakk Author-X-Name-First: Beate Author-X-Name-Last: Elvebakk Author-Name: Ross Owen Phillips Author-X-Name-First: Ross Owen Author-X-Name-Last: Phillips Title: The safety ladder: developing an evidence-based safety management strategy for small road transport companies Abstract: Traffic accidents account for between 20% and 40% of work-related accidents in industrial countries, and research indicates that road transport companies often have little focus on organisational safety management (OSM). There is thus a huge and largely untapped road safety potential in improving the safety of people who drive in their work, by focusing on OSM. Road transport companies in European countries are often small, however, with limited resources in terms of time, financial resources and competence on road safety. The main aim of the present article is therefore to develop an OSM strategy for small road transport companies. Based on a systematic literature review, taking Norwegian research as its point of departure, the article concludes that four measures seem to be most realistic for small goods-transport businesses, and that these measures seem to have the greatest safety potential. These four measures can be arranged on a ladder, where businesses start at the lowest and most basic level, before proceeding to the next step. While our stepwise safety-ladder approach has not been validated, it is expected that further research would confirm the value of the strategy proposed. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 372-393 Issue: 3 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1349207 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1349207 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:3:p:372-393 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rebecca Shliselberg Author-X-Name-First: Rebecca Author-X-Name-Last: Shliselberg Author-Name: Moshe Givoni Author-X-Name-First: Moshe Author-X-Name-Last: Givoni Title: Motility as a policy objective Abstract: Western literature abounds with powerful imagery of mobility and travel, extolling the richness of experience and learning that can only happen along the way. The more common policy and research contexts consider travel and mobility as an important means to an end, valued relative to the destination activity. This review builds on the research that considers on-the-way benefits in order to expand this perspective as a part of transport studies. The question posed is if there is a place to evaluate mobility as a life-enhancing activity in its own right, directly contributing to the capacity for autonomy and freedom of choice that are central elements of personal well-being. Motility or mobility capital, defined as the capacity for mobility, offers a theoretical context for this purpose. The literature has adopted motility for its ability to broaden the understanding of mobility choices, by structuring a role for material, human, social and cultural capital as contributing to an individual’s capacity for mobility. The context of individual capital implies that motility holds value not only as an input to mobility choices, but also through its exchange value with other forms of capital, thereby promoting broader contexts for human flourishing. Therefore, motility has value as a policy objective for its contribution to individual well-being and this article further argues that it is through mobility experiences that this type of capital can be advanced. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 279-297 Issue: 3 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1355855 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1355855 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:3:p:279-297 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fernando Martín Poó Author-X-Name-First: Fernando Martín Author-X-Name-Last: Poó Author-Name: Rubén Daniel Ledesma Author-X-Name-First: Rubén Daniel Author-X-Name-Last: Ledesma Author-Name: Soledad Susana López Author-X-Name-First: Soledad Susana Author-X-Name-Last: López Title: The taxi industry: working conditions and health of drivers, a literature review Abstract: The taxi industry plays an important role in urban transportation systems, both in economic and mobility terms. In the case of the former, it provides employment for a large number of people and circulates significant amounts of money. In the case of the latter, it is a flexible means of transportation capable of arriving at any destination. Although the way the taxi industry is organised varies across countries and even within countries, some factors are shared at varying latitudes of the globe. Working conditions, habits, health, and exposure to road crashes have been a subject of interest for researchers from various disciplines, including medicine, psychology, and economics. However, much of this research focuses on a part of the problem and is not mutually referential. A review of the literature may be useful not only to researchers of diverse disciplines but also to industry representatives and those public officials responsible for transportation, road safety and health policy. This article provides a comprehensive review of the working conditions of taxi drivers, their relationship to road risk exposure and their consequences on the health of workers. It also includes information on coping strategies and protective behaviors. The review is based on a Scopus database search. The search covered the period from 1990 to 2015. This initial search was complemented with other database searches, which yielded some additional studies. Our goal was to summarise existing knowledge, identify possible lines of research and suggest some practical recommendations. It would be important (a) to reduce the workload, establish adequate time for breaks, and provide access to healthcare, (b) to implement actions to promote and maintain healthy habits, (c) to diagnose, detect and treat indicators of occupational fatigue and stress, and (d) to develop programs that make it possible to evaluate work concerns and broaden coping strategies to foster positive changes. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 394-411 Issue: 3 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1370035 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1370035 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:3:p:394-411 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cathy Macharis Author-X-Name-First: Cathy Author-X-Name-Last: Macharis Author-Name: Imre Keseru Author-X-Name-First: Imre Author-X-Name-Last: Keseru Title: Rethinking mobility for a human city Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 275-278 Issue: 3 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1423612 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1423612 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:3:p:275-278 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vassilis Papakostopoulos Author-X-Name-First: Vassilis Author-X-Name-Last: Papakostopoulos Author-Name: Nicolas Marmaras Author-X-Name-First: Nicolas Author-X-Name-Last: Marmaras Author-Name: Dimitris Nathanael Author-X-Name-First: Dimitris Author-X-Name-Last: Nathanael Title: The “field of safe travel” revisited: interpreting driving behaviour performance through a holistic approach Abstract: The present paper proposes a conceptual framework for the driver’s visual–spatial perceptual processes. Based on a theoretical analysis of driving proposed by Gibson and Crooks [(1938). A theoretical field-analysis of automobile-driving. The American Journal of Psychology, 51, 453–471. doi:10.2307/1416145], the developed field of safe travel (FoST) framework suggests that at any moment the driver constructs a “field” by integrating two perceptual entities: (i) the possible available spatial fields for locomotion and (ii) the driver’s mental image of ego-vehicle outer-line and motion dynamics. This framework is used to reinterpret in a unified way a number of disparate research findings reported in the literature concerning specific driving sub-tasks (e.g. lane keeping and car following). It is argued that the FoST framework may be used to predict drivers’ behaviour in various traffic/situation environments based on their prioritisation between the above two perceptual entities. Implications of the proposed framework at a theoretical and practical level, in view of the future of driving with multiple levels of automation, are also discussed. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 695-714 Issue: 6 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1289992 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1289992 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:6:p:695-714 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chengxi Liu Author-X-Name-First: Chengxi Author-X-Name-Last: Liu Author-Name: Yusak O. Susilo Author-X-Name-First: Yusak O. Author-X-Name-Last: Susilo Author-Name: Anders Karlström Author-X-Name-First: Anders Author-X-Name-Last: Karlström Title: Weather variability and travel behaviour – what we know and what we do not know Abstract: Given that severe weather conditions are becoming more frequent, it is important to understand the influence of weather on an individual’s daily activity-travel pattern. While some previously rare events are becoming more common, such as heavy rain, unpredicted snow, higher temperatures, it is still largely unknown how individuals will change and adapt their travel patterns in future climate conditions. Because of this concern, the number of research studies on weather and travel behaviour has increased in recent decades. Most of these empirical studies, however, have not used a cost–benefit analysis (CBA) framework, which serves as the the main tool for policy evaluation and project selection by stakeholders. This study summarises the existing findings regarding relationships between weather variability and travel behaviour, and critically assesses the methodological issues in these studies. Several further research directions are suggested to bridge the gap between empirical evidence and current practices in CBA. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 715-741 Issue: 6 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1293188 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1293188 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:6:p:715-741 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anny-del-Mar Agamez-Arias Author-X-Name-First: Anny-del-Mar Author-X-Name-Last: Agamez-Arias Author-Name: José Moyano-Fuentes Author-X-Name-First: José Author-X-Name-Last: Moyano-Fuentes Title: Intermodal transport in freight distribution: a literature review Abstract: There has been significant growth in research on intermodal transport in freight distribution since the 1990s. Differentiating itself from previously published literature reviews, this paper evaluates the current state of this research using Systematic Literature Review methodology. The complementary aims are: (a) to identify the research lines developed and to propose a criterion for classifying the literature, and (b) to discuss the empirical evidence that identifies existing interrelationships. The analysis has enabled three main lines of research to be identified. The first research line, basic principles of intermodal transport, groups together works related to the definition of intermodal transport and the results obtained using this transportation system. The second, improvements to the way that intermodal transport systems work, frames elements and variables that impact intermodal transport systems’ logistics efficiency, such as quality of service, information and communication systems, and freight planning and linkages among system operators to provide an adequate service. Finally, the third line, intermodal transport system modelling, identifies the main variables used to optimise these transport systems, the different focuses and approaches used in modelling, and the advantages and disadvantages of each focus. These research lines take in more specific sublines that incorporate articles that develop related research questions. Lastly, the discussion of the content of each of these research sublines enables us to identify gaps in the literature and comment on directions for future research. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 782-807 Issue: 6 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1297868 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1297868 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:6:p:782-807 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Furth Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Furth Title: Bike battles: a history of sharing the American road Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 808-808 Issue: 6 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1297870 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1297870 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:6:p:808-808 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thomas C. Cornillie Author-X-Name-First: Thomas C. Author-X-Name-Last: Cornillie Title: Light rail systems: principles – technology – operation – financing Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 808-810 Issue: 6 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1297871 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1297871 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:6:p:808-810 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Font Vivanco Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Font Vivanco Title: Rethinking climate and energy policies: new perspectives on the rebound phenomenon Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 810-813 Issue: 6 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1307878 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1307878 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:6:p:810-813 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John Pucher Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Pucher Author-Name: Ralph Buehler Author-X-Name-First: Ralph Author-X-Name-Last: Buehler Title: Cycling towards a more sustainable transport future Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 689-694 Issue: 6 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1340234 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1340234 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:6:p:689-694 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Corrigendum Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: i-ii Issue: 6 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1349039 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1349039 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:6:p:i-ii Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ross Owen Phillips Author-X-Name-First: Ross Owen Author-X-Name-Last: Phillips Author-Name: Göran Kecklund Author-X-Name-First: Göran Author-X-Name-Last: Kecklund Author-Name: Anne Anund Author-X-Name-First: Anne Author-X-Name-Last: Anund Author-Name: Mikael Sallinen Author-X-Name-First: Mikael Author-X-Name-Last: Sallinen Title: Fatigue in transport: a review of exposure, risks, checks and controls Abstract: Human fatigue continues to threaten safe transport. There are claims that employers of operators should do more to mitigate the risks, and several regulators are promoting fatigue-risk management in the context of safety management systems (SMS). The current paper reviews fatigue-related risk and exposure factors and control measures for operators of land- and sea-based transport forms. Our review identifies 13 types of measures for the monitoring or control of fatigue risks: optimal staffing; optimal schedule design; optimisation of breaks/naps; monitoring of actual hours worked; optimisation of work content; monitoring and feedback of actual sleep; health screening and treatment; promotion of recovery from work; fitness-for-duty testing; monitoring of fatigue symptoms while operating; control of fatigue while operating; performance monitoring and assistance; and fatigue-proofing. We also identify two systemic measures needed to anchor risk mitigation in SMS: organisational learning and training/other. By structuring monitoring and control measures along Dawson and McCulloch’s [Managing fatigue: It’s about sleep. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 9(5), 365–380] fatigue-risk trajectory, a framework is obtained that acts as a guide for fatigue-risk management by transport employers. To inform transport managers further, evaluations are needed of the effectiveness of individual control measures as well as whole fatigue-risk management interventions. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 742-766 Issue: 6 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1349844 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1349844 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:6:p:742-766 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laura McCarthy Author-X-Name-First: Laura Author-X-Name-Last: McCarthy Author-Name: Alexa Delbosc Author-X-Name-First: Alexa Author-X-Name-Last: Delbosc Author-Name: Graham Currie Author-X-Name-First: Graham Author-X-Name-Last: Currie Author-Name: Andrew Molloy Author-X-Name-First: Andrew Author-X-Name-Last: Molloy Title: Factors influencing travel mode choice among families with young children (aged 0–4): a review of the literature Abstract: Life events, such as the birth of a child, disrupt habitual travel behaviour and provide a valuable opportunity to influence the adoption of sustainable transport practices. However, in order for sustainable travel practices to be adopted, an understanding is required of the factors that influence travel mode choice among families with young children. Research in this field is particularly timely given many in the millennial generation, a comparably large cohort, are approaching this life stage. This comprehensive literature review develops a framework of factors influencing travel mode choice among families with young children. The findings reveal a multitude of factors influence decisions about mode choice, and, in particular, encourage travel by car, when travelling with young children. The paper concludes with an agenda for future research about travel among families with young children, a largely overlooked group of transport users. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 767-781 Issue: 6 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1354942 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1354942 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:6:p:767-781 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Erratum Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: iii-iv Issue: 6 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1359881 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1359881 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:6:p:iii-iv Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Erratum Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: v-vi Issue: 6 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1363015 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1363015 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:6:p:v-vi Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: List of Reviewers August 2016–August 2017 Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 814-816 Issue: 6 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1379125 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1379125 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:6:p:814-816 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Editorial Board Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: ebi-ebi Issue: 6 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1379127 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1379127 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:6:p:ebi-ebi Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jonathan Richmond Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan Author-X-Name-Last: Richmond Title: A whole-system approach to evaluating urban transit investments Abstract: New transit capital expenditures are typically evaluated in isolation from the transit/transport systems to which they belong. Problems with reporting performance elements such as ridership and costs are discussed. A focus on evaluating the total transport systems impact of new transit project implementation is called for. On this basis, new US rail transit systems have generally performed poorly. Total transit ridership has generally shown only minimal improvements and, at times, has declined. Financial performance has been disappointing in most cases, particularly when understood in the context of the additional system costs imposed through the reconfiguration of bus networks to serve the new rail systems. Low-cost approaches to improving basic transit services can often be more effective than either rail or bus capital-based projects. An obsession with technology leads to the wrong questions being asked. We should instead start inquiry with the study of needs. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 141-179 Issue: 2 Volume: 21 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640116962 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640116962 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:21:y:2001:i:2:p:141-179 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Robert Watson Author-X-Name-First: Robert Author-X-Name-Last: Watson Title: The effect of railway privatization on train planning: A case study of the UK Abstract: The restructuring of the UK railway industry in preparation for privatization led to major changes being made to train planning processes. Subsequent train planning problems, some of which became very public, suggest that something went seriously wrong during the development or implementation of these revised processes. This paper investigates what went wrong and why, finding that several factors were involved, including the objectives the new processes were expected to meet and the software that was being developed to support the new processes. There are clear lessons to be learnt from the UK experience to inform debate on future railway restructuring initiatives. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 181-193 Issue: 2 Volume: 21 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640121328 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640121328 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:21:y:2001:i:2:p:181-193 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jon Shaw Author-X-Name-First: Jon Author-X-Name-Last: Shaw Title: Competition in the UK passenger railway industry: Prospects and problems Abstract: The promotion of competition between passenger train operators was a key aim of the 1992- 97 Conservative Government when it privatized British Rail. Although the potential for competition in the market was constrained through regulation at the time of the sale, competition for the market became intense. Regulatory controls are now being relaxed and the promotion of competition remains central to the present Labour Government's rail strategy, particularly in the form of a redefined and reinvigorated franchising programme. It seems to be generally accepted in policy-making circles that it is both possible and desirable to encourage competition in the UK's railway industry on the grounds that it can further enhance service quality across the network. This paper highlights some qualifications to this position and suggests that, for various reasons, a strong policy emphasis on market liberalization may be impractical or unsuitable, at least in the short to medium term. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 195-216 Issue: 2 Volume: 21 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640118248 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640118248 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:21:y:2001:i:2:p:195-216 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Glenn Lyons Author-X-Name-First: Glenn Author-X-Name-Last: Lyons Title: Towards integrated traveller information Abstract: Traveller information provision has become a key government priority in the UK following the publication of its Transport White Paper in July 1998. Developments are already underway for the integration of information systems across different public transport modes and between public transport information systems covering different regions. The Highways Agency (which is responsible for managing the strategic road network in the UK) is also advancing in its development of information databases and systems for the motorist. This paper considers the prospect of providing travellers with multimodal information with integration of driver information with public transport information. If such integration can be achieved then travellers, and in particular drivers, have the prospect of being presented with comparable information on travel options across modes. An integrated information service has a great potential to inform and influence travel choices. The paper considers the issue of travel choices and the role that information can play particularly in the context of mode choice. The political (UK) and technological climate for information provision is outlined. The paper identifies issues that will need to be addressed to identify the requirements from, and potential benefits of, integrated information, and the obstacles and challenges likely to be faced in moving towards it. Driver reactions, in particular, to the prospect of integrated information provision are fundamental to the assessment of its potential importance and value. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 217-235 Issue: 2 Volume: 21 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640118614 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640118614 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:21:y:2001:i:2:p:217-235 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. M. Grant-Muller Author-X-Name-First: S. M. Author-X-Name-Last: Grant-Muller Author-Name: P. MacKie Author-X-Name-First: P. Author-X-Name-Last: MacKie Author-Name: J. Nellthorp Author-X-Name-First: J. Author-X-Name-Last: Nellthorp Author-Name: A. Pearman Author-X-Name-First: A. Author-X-Name-Last: Pearman Title: Economic appraisal of European transport projects: The state-of-the-art revisited Abstract: Substantial investment has been made at national and European level in transport infrastructure over the past 50 years and is likely to continue in the future. The need to appraise transport projects in economic and social terms has developed alongside this in both scope and complexity. The state-of-the-art in the economic appraisal of transport projects is reviewed, progress is assessed and future challenges are identified. The review addresses the general framework, treatment of major impacts, presentation of outputs and issues such as uncertainty. It draws on national practice in Western European countries, which varies substantially reflecting a range of cultural and economic differences. Some points of commonality exist and the principle of monetizing direct transport impacts is generally accepted. Progress has been made towards the measurement of environmental impacts, but the assessment of the wider impacts remains under-developed. Increased sophistication and complexity has brought increasing data and presentation requirements, where computerized decision support methods have potential. Many challenges exist for the future of appraisal and the review is concluded with a discussion of some key issues. At the heart of these is the continuing debate over the relative roles of national and European government in decision-making and resource allocation. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 237-261 Issue: 2 Volume: 21 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640119423 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640119423 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:21:y:2001:i:2:p:237-261 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Book reviews Journal: Pages: 263-268 Issue: 2 Volume: 21 Year: 2001 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441640010001530 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441640010001530 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:21:y:2001:i:2:p:263-268 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jinhee Kim Author-X-Name-First: Jinhee Author-X-Name-Last: Kim Author-Name: Soora Rasouli Author-X-Name-First: Soora Author-X-Name-Last: Rasouli Author-Name: Harry J. P. Timmermans Author-X-Name-First: Harry J. P. Author-X-Name-Last: Timmermans Title: Social networks, social influence and activity-travel behaviour: a review of models and empirical evidence Abstract: The study of social networks in activity-travel research has recently gained momentum because social activities and social influence were relatively poorly explained in activity-based models of travel demand. Over the last decade, many scholars have shown interest in identifying personal social networks that constitute an important source of explanation of activity-travel behaviour. This paper seeks to review two research streams: social networks and activity-travel behaviour, and social influence and travel decisions. We classify models, summarise empirical findings and discuss important issues that require further research. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 499-523 Issue: 4 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1351500 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1351500 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:4:p:499-523 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Samia Sharmin Author-X-Name-First: Samia Author-X-Name-Last: Sharmin Author-Name: Md. Kamruzzaman Author-X-Name-First: Md. Author-X-Name-Last: Kamruzzaman Title: Meta-analysis of the relationships between space syntax measures and pedestrian movement Abstract: Ample research has been conducted investigating the built environment impacts on pedestrian movement (PM). A clear division is also evident in the literature on this topic: one group tends to use geographic measures (metric distance) of the environment to explain pedestrian behaviour; the other group uses syntactic measures (visual distance). Many review articles have been published on the former. However, relatively little is known about the effect size (ES), directions, and consistency of syntactic measures in explaining PM. This paper fills this gap through a meta-analysis of published and unpublished studies on this topic spanning over 1975–2016, and answers the following five research questions: (a) What are the different measures used in the space syntax literature to explain PM?; (b) What are the magnitudes and directions of associations between space syntax measures and PM?; (c) Which space syntax measure has a more consistent relationship with PM?; (d) To what extent do the explanatory powers of different measures vary between their derivation methods?; and (e) What are the likely causes of variations of the reported results in prior studies? This research examined four syntactic measures (integration, connectivity, choice, and control) in a random effect model with 95% confidence interval (CI). The choice and integration measures were further investigated based on their operational approaches (topological, angular and metric). Results show that integration (ES = 0.206, 95% CI = 0.173–0.238, p < 0.001), choice (ES = 0.481, 95% CI = 0.391–0.561, p < 0.001), and connectivity (ES = 0.305, 95% CI = −0.225–0.696, p = 0.257) measures positively influence PM with choice being the strongest predictor. Both connectivity and control (ES = −0.001, 95% CI = −0.117–0.115, p = 0.990) were found to have a statistically insignificant impact. The choice and integration measures show stronger effects when derived using the angular approach (ES = 0.493 for choice, and ES = 0.502 for integration) compared to topological approach (ES = 0.374 for choice, and ES = 0.124 for integration). However, the reported results of all measures are highly heterogeneous, perhaps due to the differences in research design. The significance, magnitude, and consistency of integration and choice measures justify their relevance in built environment interventions to promote PM. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 524-550 Issue: 4 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1365101 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1365101 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:4:p:524-550 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kevin X. Li Author-X-Name-First: Kevin X. Author-X-Name-Last: Li Author-Name: Mengjie Jin Author-X-Name-First: Mengjie Author-X-Name-Last: Jin Author-Name: Guanqiu Qi Author-X-Name-First: Guanqiu Author-X-Name-Last: Qi Author-Name: Wenming Shi Author-X-Name-First: Wenming Author-X-Name-Last: Shi Author-Name: Adolf K. Y. Ng Author-X-Name-First: Adolf K. Y. Author-X-Name-Last: Ng Title: Logistics as a driving force for development under the Belt and Road Initiative – the Chinese model for developing countries Abstract: An important objective of “the Belt and Road Initiative” is to promote the economic growth of countries in the region. China’s successful development experience, proposed in the initial stage of reform, can be summarised as “Looking for development, building the highway first”. This study is the first to evaluate whether logistics infrastructure has indeed contributed to economic growth by employing an error correction model with panel data from 2003 to 2014. In addition, we compare the influence levels of different sectors of logistics infrastructure in different regions, i.e. developed and developing regions. We focus on developing regions as they represent good development experiences for developing countries in the Silk Road Economic Belt. For developing regions, we find that the most influential factors are telecommunication and airway transportation, which should be the foci of attention in order to promote economic growth and reduce inter-region economic inequalities. The research confirms that logistics is indeed a driving force for economic growth in China, and that the contributions of specific sectors can be a useful reference for developing countries to determine prioritisation of investment in different logistics sectors across regions. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 457-478 Issue: 4 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1365276 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1365276 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:4:p:457-478 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chengpeng Wan Author-X-Name-First: Chengpeng Author-X-Name-Last: Wan Author-Name: Zaili Yang Author-X-Name-First: Zaili Author-X-Name-Last: Yang Author-Name: Di Zhang Author-X-Name-First: Di Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang Author-Name: Xinping Yan Author-X-Name-First: Xinping Author-X-Name-Last: Yan Author-Name: Shiqi Fan Author-X-Name-First: Shiqi Author-X-Name-Last: Fan Title: Resilience in transportation systems: a systematic review and future directions Abstract: The Belt and Road (B&R) initiative was introduced by the Chinese government to promote the worldwide economic development and multilateral cooperation between China and the associated countries. As a crucial part of global supply chains, transportation plays a key role to ensure the implementation of the B&R. Safety is one of the issues with great importance in transportation research. However, its foci have been expanded from traditional risk through security to resilience and sustainability. Resilience has attracted considerable interests from both researchers and practitioners across different research domains in recent years. Various studies have been conducted on transportation resilience from different perspectives. Consequently, different definitions have been developed to define and describe resilience. This paper presents a systematic review on transportation resilience with emphasis on its definitions, characteristics, and research methods applied in different transportation systems/contexts. It aims to figure out what transportation resilience is and what kind of essential characters it usually has. More importantly, research challenges are analysed and a future research agenda on the resilience of transportation systems is proposed. This paper will provide comprehensive insights into understanding the transportation resilience, as well as establish new horizons for relevant research topics within the context of the B&R. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 479-498 Issue: 4 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1383532 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1383532 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:4:p:479-498 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Liehui Wang Author-X-Name-First: Liehui Author-X-Name-Last: Wang Author-Name: Yan Zhu Author-X-Name-First: Yan Author-X-Name-Last: Zhu Author-Name: Cesar Ducruet Author-X-Name-First: Cesar Author-X-Name-Last: Ducruet Author-Name: Mattia Bunel Author-X-Name-First: Mattia Author-X-Name-Last: Bunel Author-Name: Yui-yip Lau Author-X-Name-First: Yui-yip Author-X-Name-Last: Lau Title: From hierarchy to networking: the evolution of the “twenty-first-century Maritime Silk Road” container shipping system Abstract: Container shipping gives a rise of international trade since the 1960s. Based on navigation data start from the mid-1990s to 2016, this paper empirically analyses the spatial pattern of China’s international maritime linkages along the “twenty-first-century Maritime Silk Road”. We interpret such evolutionary dynamics in terms of growth, hierarchical diffusion and networking phases. Networking is a new stage of the evolution of the port system, which is approached based on the graph theory, complex network methods and geomatics, the paper discusses the networking’s basic characteristics: multi-hub spatial agglomeration, the connection of the network develops across space, functional differentiation and a division of labour appear among ports. Our results show that, while the scope of China’s maritime linkages had expanded overtime, more foreign ports become connected to the “Maritime Silk Road”. In addition, the external linkages of domestic ports tend to be dispersed, reflecting upon the decline of Pearl River Delta ports and the rise of Yangtze River Delta ports, with mixed evidence for the Bohai Rim region. Lastly, the analysis underlines the emergence of a polycentric shipping system, from the Hong Kong dominance to the more diversified Shanghai/Ningbo/Shenzhen configuration. Academic and managerial implications are included. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 416-435 Issue: 4 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1441923 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1441923 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:4:p:416-435 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jingzheng Ren Author-X-Name-First: Jingzheng Author-X-Name-Last: Ren Author-Name: Liang Dong Author-X-Name-First: Liang Author-X-Name-Last: Dong Author-Name: Lu Sun Author-X-Name-First: Lu Author-X-Name-Last: Sun Title: Competitiveness prioritisation of container ports in Asia under the background of China’s Belt and Road initiative Abstract: The understanding of the competitiveness of different ports under the background of China’s “Belt and Road Initiative” (BRI) is critical for drafting appropriate plans and taking suitable actions to select the best port in the logistics supply chains. A novel Multi-Attribute Decision Analysis (MADA) was proposed for the evaluation of port competitiveness. In the developed MADA method, the interval Analytic Hierarchy Process and the projection method was combined for the evaluation of port competitiveness. Three container ports in Asia including Shanghai, Hong Kong, and Singapore were studied under the background of China’s BRI. The results demonstrate that the port of Singapore is the most competitive at the initial stage of China’s BRI, followed by Hong Kong and Shanghai in the descending order. The results were validated by sum weighted method and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution method, and sensitivity analysis was also carried out. The competitiveness of the three ports in the next ten years were also studied with the consideration of the influences of China’s BRI, and the results reveal that Shanghai port can even exceed Hong Kong port and Singapore port if it can effectively take the advantage s of China’s BRI. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 436-456 Issue: 4 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1451407 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1451407 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:4:p:436-456 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jasmine Siu Lee Lam Author-X-Name-First: Jasmine Siu Lee Author-X-Name-Last: Lam Author-Name: Kevin Patrick Brendan Cullinane Author-X-Name-First: Kevin Patrick Brendan Author-X-Name-Last: Cullinane Author-Name: Paul Tae-Woo Lee Author-X-Name-First: Paul Tae-Woo Author-X-Name-Last: Lee Title: The 21st-century Maritime Silk Road: challenges and opportunities for transport management and practice Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 413-415 Issue: 4 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1453562 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1453562 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:4:p:413-415 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ralph Buehler Author-X-Name-First: Ralph Author-X-Name-Last: Buehler Author-Name: John Pucher Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Pucher Author-Name: Regine Gerike Author-X-Name-First: Regine Author-X-Name-Last: Gerike Author-Name: Thomas Götschi Author-X-Name-First: Thomas Author-X-Name-Last: Götschi Title: Reducing car dependence in the heart of Europe: lessons from Germany, Austria, and Switzerland Abstract: Munich, Berlin, Hamburg, Vienna, and Zurich – the largest cities in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland – have significantly reduced the car share of trips over the past 25 years in spite of high motorisation rates. The key to their success has been a coordinated package of mutually reinforcing transport and land-use policies that have made car use slower, less convenient, and more costly, while increasing the safety, convenience, and feasibility of walking, cycling, and public transport. The mix of policies implemented in each city has been somewhat different. The German cities have done far more to promote cycling, while Zurich and Vienna offer more public transport service per capita at lower fares. All five of the cities have implemented roughly the same policies to promote walking, foster compact mixed-use development, and discourage car use. Of the car-restrictive policies, parking management has been by far the most important. The five case study cities demonstrate that it is possible to reduce car dependence even in affluent societies with high levels of car ownership and high expectations for quality of travel. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 4-28 Issue: 1 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2016.1177799 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2016.1177799 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:1:p:4-28 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rachel Aldred Author-X-Name-First: Rachel Author-X-Name-Last: Aldred Author-Name: Bridget Elliott Author-X-Name-First: Bridget Author-X-Name-Last: Elliott Author-Name: James Woodcock Author-X-Name-First: James Author-X-Name-Last: Woodcock Author-Name: Anna Goodman Author-X-Name-First: Anna Author-X-Name-Last: Goodman Title: Cycling provision separated from motor traffic: a systematic review exploring whether stated preferences vary by gender and age Abstract: In this paper, we represent a systematic review of stated preference studies examining the extent to which cycle infrastructure preferences vary by gender and by age. A search of online, English-language academic and policy literature was followed by a three-stage screening process to identify relevant studies. We found 54 studies that investigated whether preferences for cycle infrastructure varied by gender and/or by age. Forty-four of these studies considered the extent of separation from motor traffic. The remainder of the studies covered diverse topics, including preferred winter maintenance methods and attitudes to cycle track lighting. We found that women reported stronger preferences than men for greater separation from motor traffic. There was weaker evidence of stronger preferences among older people. Differences in preferences were quantitative rather than qualitative; that is, preferences for separated infrastructure were stronger in some groups than in others, but no group preferred integration with motor traffic. Thus, in low-cycling countries seeking to increase cycling, this evidence suggests focusing on the stronger preferences of under-represented groups as a necessary element of universal design for cycling. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 29-55 Issue: 1 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2016.1200156 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2016.1200156 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:1:p:29-55 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michiel C. J. Bliemer Author-X-Name-First: Michiel C. J. Author-X-Name-Last: Bliemer Author-Name: Mark P. H. Raadsen Author-X-Name-First: Mark P. H. Author-X-Name-Last: Raadsen Author-Name: Luuk J. N. Brederode Author-X-Name-First: Luuk J. N. Author-X-Name-Last: Brederode Author-Name: Michael G. H. Bell Author-X-Name-First: Michael G. H. Author-X-Name-Last: Bell Author-Name: Luc J. J. Wismans Author-X-Name-First: Luc J. J. Author-X-Name-Last: Wismans Author-Name: Mike J. Smith Author-X-Name-First: Mike J. Author-X-Name-Last: Smith Title: Genetics of traffic assignment models for strategic transport planning Abstract: This paper presents a review and classification of traffic assignment models for strategic transport planning purposes by using concepts analogous to genetics in biology. Traffic assignment models share the same theoretical framework (DNA), but differ in capability (genes). We argue that all traffic assignment models can be described by three genes. The first gene determines the spatial capability (unrestricted, capacity restrained, capacity constrained, and capacity and storage constrained) described by four spatial assumptions (shape of the fundamental diagram, capacity constraints, storage constraints, and turn flow restrictions). The second gene determines the temporal capability (static, semi-dynamic, and dynamic) described by three temporal assumptions (wave speeds, vehicle propagation speeds, and residual traffic transfer). The third gene determines the behavioural capability (all-or-nothing, one shot, and equilibrium) described by two behavioural assumptions (decision-making and travel time consideration). This classification provides a deeper understanding of the often implicit assumptions made in traffic assignment models described in the literature. It further allows for comparing different models in terms of functionality, and paves the way for developing novel traffic assignment models. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 56-78 Issue: 1 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2016.1207211 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2016.1207211 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:1:p:56-78 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Makena Coffman Author-X-Name-First: Makena Author-X-Name-Last: Coffman Author-Name: Paul Bernstein Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Bernstein Author-Name: Sherilyn Wee Author-X-Name-First: Sherilyn Author-X-Name-Last: Wee Title: Electric vehicles revisited: a review of factors that affect adoption Abstract: Electric vehicles (EVs) were recently reintroduced to the global car market. These are an improvement over their predecessors in performance and electric driving range. Although the uptake of EVs has been notable in a short period of time, most government goals for adoption have not been met. This paper reviews a growing body of peer-reviewed literature assessing factors affecting EV adoption. Several important gaps in knowledge are identified. First, there is mixed evidence of the effectiveness of government incentives in encouraging EV uptake and particularly little knowledge in regards to issues of timing and magnitude. The literature shows that public charging infrastructure is an important factor associated with EV uptake, though the direction of causality is yet unclear. Public charging infrastructure can ease range anxiety, particularly for battery electric vehicles, but there is little guidance as to the way in which government should best go about ensuring the provision of infrastructure. Lastly, the nascent EV market means that studies primarily rely on surveys about hypothetical situations. There is strong evidence that actual purchases are much lower than consumers’ stated preferences. Improving understanding of this “attitude–action” gap is important to better informing studies of EV uptake over time. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 79-93 Issue: 1 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2016.1217282 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2016.1217282 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:1:p:79-93 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paal Brevik Wangsness Author-X-Name-First: Paal Brevik Author-X-Name-Last: Wangsness Author-Name: Kenneth Løvold Rødseth Author-X-Name-First: Kenneth Løvold Author-X-Name-Last: Rødseth Author-Name: Wiljar Hansen Author-X-Name-First: Wiljar Author-X-Name-Last: Hansen Title: A review of guidelines for including wider economic impacts in transport appraisal Abstract: In this paper we examine how 23 industrialised countries treat wider economic impacts (WEIs) in transport appraisals. We identify 12 different types of impacts based on these countries’ appraisal guidelines. Agglomeration impacts and Production changes in imperfect markets are the most widely accepted, being recognised by 14 and 10 countries, respectively. However, about half of the impacts are mentioned by only one country, and few recommend including the impacts directly in cost–benefit analyses. Several countries provide provisos or criteria that must be met before WEIs can be assessed in the first place. We found method recommendations for quantifying WEIs in 10 countries. However, with the exception of the UK Department for Transport’s (DfT) methodological framework, there is very little international consensus on the choice of appropriate methods. Our findings thus supplement and reinforce the conclusions from the Norwegian Official Report of the Hagen Committee [NOU 2012:16. (2012). Samfunnsøkonomiske analyser. Oslo: Departementenes servicesenter] that there is currently no established consensus on the magnitude and relevance of WEIs, or on how and which of these impacts should be taken into account in transport appraisals. Recommendations for further research and appraisal practices are provided. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 94-115 Issue: 1 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2016.1217283 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2016.1217283 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:1:p:94-115 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Moshe Givoni Author-X-Name-First: Moshe Author-X-Name-Last: Givoni Title: Why review? Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 1-3 Issue: 1 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1230169 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1230169 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:1:p:1-3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Francesco Parola Author-X-Name-First: Francesco Author-X-Name-Last: Parola Author-Name: Marcello Risitano Author-X-Name-First: Marcello Author-X-Name-Last: Risitano Author-Name: Marco Ferretti Author-X-Name-First: Marco Author-X-Name-Last: Ferretti Author-Name: Eva Panetti Author-X-Name-First: Eva Author-X-Name-Last: Panetti Title: The drivers of port competitiveness: a critical review Abstract: Academic research on port competitiveness has so far focused on the identification of the drivers of port competitiveness and their measurement. This paper argues that the port competitiveness and its drivers are significantly affected by major changes in maritime industry, which scholars have not sufficiently addressed. Therefore, the manuscript explores the multidimensional nature of “port competitiveness” by conducting a systematic literature review of leading peer-reviewed international journals, between the 1983 and 2014 time frame. The analysis allows a profound understanding and a categorisation of the main drivers of port competitiveness. Main findings present a hierarchy of key drivers and suggest that major industry transformations moderate the influential role of traditional drivers and reshuffle their relative salience. The study also identifies some unexplored research areas for future studies. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 116-138 Issue: 1 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2016.1231232 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2016.1231232 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:1:p:116-138 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andrew R. Goetz Author-X-Name-First: Andrew R. Author-X-Name-Last: Goetz Title: Transport challenges in rapidly growing cities: is there a magic bullet? Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 701-705 Issue: 6 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2019.1654201 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2019.1654201 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:6:p:701-705 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jana A. Hirsch Author-X-Name-First: Jana A. Author-X-Name-Last: Hirsch Author-Name: Joshua Stratton-Rayner Author-X-Name-First: Joshua Author-X-Name-Last: Stratton-Rayner Author-Name: Meghan Winters Author-X-Name-First: Meghan Author-X-Name-Last: Winters Author-Name: John Stehlin Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Stehlin Author-Name: Kate Hosford Author-X-Name-First: Kate Author-X-Name-Last: Hosford Author-Name: Stephen J. Mooney Author-X-Name-First: Stephen J. Author-X-Name-Last: Mooney Title: Roadmap for free-floating bikeshare research and practice in North America Abstract: The deployment of smartphone-operated, non-station-based bicycle fleets (“dockless” or “free-floating” bikeshare) represents a new generation of bikesharing. Users locate bikes in these free-floating systems using Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and lock bikes in place at their destinations. In this paper, we review current free-floating bikesharing systems in North America and discuss priorities for future research and practice. Since launching in 2017, free-floating bikeshare has expanded rapidly to encompass 200+ systems operating 40,000+ bikes within 150+ cities. In contrast with previous systems, free-floating systems operate almost exclusively using commercial “for-profit” models, amidst concerns of financial sustainability. Governance for these systems is in early stages and can include operating fees, fleet size caps, safety requirements, parking restrictions, data sharing, and equity obligations. We identify research and practice gaps within the themes of usage, equity, sharing resources, business model, and context. While some existing bikesharing literature translates to free-floating systems, novel topics arise due to the ubiquity, fluidity, and business models of these new systems. Systems have numerous obstacles to overcome for long-term sustainability, including barriers common to station-based systems: limited supportive infrastructure, equity, theft or vandalism, and funding. Other unique obstacles arise in free-floating bikeshare around parking, sidewalk right of ways, varied bicycle types, and data sharing. This review offers background in and critical reflection on the rapidly evolving free-floating bikeshare landscape, including priorities for future research and practice. If concerns can be overcome, free-floating bikeshare may provide unprecedented opportunities to bypass congested streets, encourage physical activity, and support urban sustainability. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 706-732 Issue: 6 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2019.1649318 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2019.1649318 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:6:p:706-732 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miguel Padeiro Author-X-Name-First: Miguel Author-X-Name-Last: Padeiro Author-Name: Ana Louro Author-X-Name-First: Ana Author-X-Name-Last: Louro Author-Name: Nuno Marques da Costa Author-X-Name-First: Nuno Marques Author-X-Name-Last: da Costa Title: Transit-oriented development and gentrification: a systematic review Abstract: The last two decades have witnessed a growing trend towards transit-oriented development (TOD) as a critical approach for achieving sustainable mobility. However, some analysts and community activists have expressed concerns that TOD could induce gentrification and potential concomitant low-income group displacements. This paper presents a systematic review of 35 quantitative research-based studies presenting evidence on gentrification outcomes resulting from transit-based interventions, published between 2000 and 2018. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review on this topic and thus provides a useful synthesis of current empirical evidence on transit-induced gentrification. Although there is some evidence supporting the transit-induced gentrification hypothesis, methodological flaws render many of the studies’ conclusions highly questionable. The findings suggest that gentrification is more closely associated with existing local dynamics, built environment attributes, and accompanying policies than transit-oriented development. In its critical analysis of research approaches, this paper warns that the incorporation of several sources of bias into study designs may engender a number of misinterpretations, thus ultimately leading to misguided conclusions and policies. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 733-754 Issue: 6 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2019.1649316 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2019.1649316 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:6:p:733-754 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dong Yang Author-X-Name-First: Dong Author-X-Name-Last: Yang Author-Name: Lingxiao Wu Author-X-Name-First: Lingxiao Author-X-Name-Last: Wu Author-Name: Shuaian Wang Author-X-Name-First: Shuaian Author-X-Name-Last: Wang Author-Name: Haiying Jia Author-X-Name-First: Haiying Author-X-Name-Last: Jia Author-Name: Kevin X. Li Author-X-Name-First: Kevin X. Author-X-Name-Last: Li Title: How big data enriches maritime research – a critical review of Automatic Identification System (AIS) data applications Abstract: The information-rich vessel movement data provided by the Automatic Identification System (AIS) has gained much popularity over the past decade, during which the employment of satellite-based receivers has enabled wide coverage and improved data quality. The application of AIS data has developed from simply navigation-oriented research to now include trade flow estimation, emission accounting, and vessel performance monitoring. The AIS now provides high frequency, real-time positioning and sailing patterns for almost the whole world's commercial fleet, and therefore, in combination with supplementary databases and analyses, AIS data has arguably kickstarted the era of digitisation in the shipping industry. In this study, we conduct a comprehensive review of the literature regarding AIS applications by dividing it into three development stages, namely, basic application, extended application, and advanced application. Each stage contains two to three application fields, and in total we identified seven application fields, including (1) AIS data mining, (2) navigation safety, (3) ship behaviour analysis, (4) environmental evaluation, (5) trade analysis, (6) ship and port performance, and (7) Arctic shipping. We found that the original application of AIS data to navigation safety has, with the improvement of data accessibility, evolved into diverse applications in various directions. Moreover, we summarised the major methodologies in the literature into four categories, these being (1) data processing and mining, (2) index measurement, (3) causality analysis, and (4) operational research. Undoubtedly, the applications of AIS data will be further expanded in the foreseeable future. This will not only provide a more comprehensive understanding of voyage performance and allow researchers to examine shipping market dynamics from the micro level, but also the abundance of AIS data may also open up the rather opaque aspect of how shipping companies release information to external authorities, including the International Maritime Organization, port states, scientists and researchers. It is expected that more multi-disciplinary AIS studies will emerge in the coming years. We believe that this study will shed further light on the future development of AIS studies. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 755-773 Issue: 6 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2019.1649315 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2019.1649315 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:6:p:755-773 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marina Cavalieri Author-X-Name-First: Marina Author-X-Name-Last: Cavalieri Author-Name: Rossana Cristaudo Author-X-Name-First: Rossana Author-X-Name-Last: Cristaudo Author-Name: Calogero Guccio Author-X-Name-First: Calogero Author-X-Name-Last: Guccio Title: Tales on the dark side of the transport infrastructure provision: a systematic literature review of the determinants of cost overruns Abstract: Cost overruns are an endemic feature of the provision of transport infrastructure worldwide. In recent decades, a considerable amount of studies has been devoted to assessing the magnitude and determinants of cost overruns in the transportation sector. However, the empirical findings are scattered between different strands of literature, ranging from the fields of construction engineering and management to that of applied economics. To shed light on the determinants of cost overruns in the execution of transport infrastructure projects, we conduct a systematic review of the empirical literature on the topic. Of the 945 articles retrieved, 26 articles published between 2000 and 2016 meet our inclusion criteria. For them, we describe the different empirical approaches, we provide a classification of the determinants employed in the analyses and summarise their impact on cost overruns. Finally, we suggest some directions for further research in the field. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 774-794 Issue: 6 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2019.1636895 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2019.1636895 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:6:p:774-794 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Timothy F. Welch Author-X-Name-First: Timothy F. Author-X-Name-Last: Welch Author-Name: Alyas Widita Author-X-Name-First: Alyas Author-X-Name-Last: Widita Title: Big data in public transportation: a review of sources and methods Abstract: The collection of big data, as an alternative to traditional resource-intensive manual data collection approaches, has become significantly more feasible over the past decade. The availability of such data, coupled with more sophisticated predictive statistical techniques, has contributed to an increase in attention towards the application of these data, particularly for transportation analysis. Within the transportation literature, there is a growing emphasis on developing sources of commonly collected public transportation data into more powerful analytical tools. A commonly held belief is that application of big data to transportation problems will yield new insights previously unattainable through traditional transportation data sets. However, there exist many ambiguities related to what constitutes big data, the ethical implications of big data collection and application, and how to best utilize the emerging data sets. The existing literature exploring big data provides no clear and consistent definition. While the collection of big data has grown and its application in both research and practice continues to expand, there is a significant disparity between methods of analysis applied to such data. This paper summarizes the recent literature on sources of big data and commonly applied methods used in its application to public transportation problems. We assess predominant big data sources, most frequently studied topics, and methodologies employed. The literature suggests smart card and automated data are the two big data sources most frequently used by researchers to conduct public transit analyses. The studies reviewed indicate that big data has largely been used to understand transit users’ travel behavior and to assess public transit service quality. The techniques reported in the literature largely mirror those used with smaller data sets. The application of more advanced statistical methods, commonly associated with big data, has been limited to a small number of studies. In order to fully capture the value of big data, new approaches to analysis will be necessary. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 795-818 Issue: 6 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2019.1616849 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2019.1616849 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:6:p:795-818 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ubaid Illahi Author-X-Name-First: Ubaid Author-X-Name-Last: Illahi Title: Transport planning and traffic safety: making cities, roads, and vehicles safer Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 819-820 Issue: 6 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1552632 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1552632 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:6:p:819-820 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Steven Polzin Author-X-Name-First: Steven Author-X-Name-Last: Polzin Title: Trains, Buses, People: An Opinionated Atlas of US Transit Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 820-822 Issue: 6 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2019.1568318 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2019.1568318 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:6:p:820-822 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hans-Martin Niemeier Author-X-Name-First: Hans-Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Niemeier Title: Air transport liberalization: a critical assessment Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 822-824 Issue: 6 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2019.1568319 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2019.1568319 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:6:p:822-824 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sergio Oliete Josa Author-X-Name-First: Sergio Author-X-Name-Last: Oliete Josa Title: Taken for a ride – grounding neoliberalism, precarious labour, and public transport in an African metropolis Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 824-826 Issue: 6 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2019.1569171 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2019.1569171 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:6:p:824-826 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Susan Shaheen Author-X-Name-First: Susan Author-X-Name-Last: Shaheen Title: Parking and the city Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 826-827 Issue: 6 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2019.1612481 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2019.1612481 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:6:p:826-827 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Editor's introduction Journal: Pages: 247-247 Issue: 3 Volume: 23 Year: 2003 X-DOI: 10.1080/014416403200000070891 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/014416403200000070891 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:23:y:2003:i:3:p:247-247 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Henry Kerali Author-X-Name-First: Henry Author-X-Name-Last: Kerali Title: Economic appraisal of road projects in countries with developing and transition economies Abstract: Road investments in developing and transition economies constitute a large proportion of public investment programmes. It is therefore important that decisions about investments in roads are made on the basis of objective indicators estimated for the proposed road projects. Economic appraisal models provide an objective framework for the assessment of the benefits derived from investments in road infrastructure. These models incorporate an economic appraisal framework based on the concept of life-cycle cost analysis, in which the annual costs of construction and maintenance of one or more road investment alternatives are compared against a base case (without project) alternative in order to estimate the corresponding reduction in vehicle operation costs. Other benefits or costs can be included within the economic appraisal framework if they can be externally quantified. The results from the economic appraisal of road projects in developing and transition economies often show that benefits to be derived from investments in maintenance and rehabilitation of existing roads far exceed those from construction of new roads. The models also show that where there is significant traffic congestion, investments in capacity expansion can produce high economic returns provided the value assigned to travel time is realistic. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 249-262 Issue: 3 Volume: 23 Year: 2003 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164032000068920 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164032000068920 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:23:y:2003:i:3:p:249-262 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Silcock Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Silcock Title: Preventing death and injury on the world's roads Abstract: The problem of deaths and injury as a result of road crashes is now acknowledged to be a global phenomenon with authorities in virtually all countries concerned about the growth in the number of people killed and seriously injured on their roads. The World Health Organization has declared that its annual World Health Day in 2004 will have the theme 'Safe Roads', and several organizations, including the World Bank and the Global Road Safety Partnership, are supporting this initiative to raise the profile of road safety in the public and political minds. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 263-273 Issue: 3 Volume: 23 Year: 2003 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164032000083130 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164032000083130 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:23:y:2003:i:3:p:263-273 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Poul Pedersen Author-X-Name-First: Poul Author-X-Name-Last: Pedersen Title: Development of freight transport and logistics in Sub-Saharan Africa: Taaffe, Morrill and Gould revisited Abstract: Forty years ago on the eve of the colonial period, Edward Taaffe, Richard Morrill and Peter Gould published a paper on transport in the developing countries that during the 1970s and 1980s became widely accepted as a model of the transport development during colonial and post-colonial rules. On the basis of data from Ghana and Nigeria, they presented a phase model of how the transport system during the colonial period had become increasingly focused on the largest national export ports and foresaw the development after independence of an integrated transport network more supportive of national development. The present paper attempts, on the basis of a detailed study of the last 40 years' development of transport, primarily in Ghana, but supplemented by similar data from Zimbabwe and East Africa, to see to what extent their model has held true in reality. Unfortunately, it has not. Contrary to expectations, the concentration of the export flows has continued, not through port concentration as before, but through the concentration of the shipping industry. There have also been few signs of the integrated network that Taaffe et al. expected or hoped would develop. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 275-297 Issue: 3 Volume: 23 Year: 2003 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164032000091681 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164032000091681 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:23:y:2003:i:3:p:275-297 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Phil Fouracre Author-X-Name-First: Phil Author-X-Name-Last: Fouracre Author-Name: Christian Dunkerley Author-X-Name-First: Christian Author-X-Name-Last: Dunkerley Author-Name: Geoff Gardner Author-X-Name-First: Geoff Author-X-Name-Last: Gardner Title: Mass rapid transit systems for cities in the developing world Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 299-310 Issue: 3 Volume: 23 Year: 2003 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164032000083095 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164032000083095 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:23:y:2003:i:3:p:299-310 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Louis Thompson Author-X-Name-First: Louis Author-X-Name-Last: Thompson Title: Changing railway structure and ownership: Is anything working? Abstract: Railway structures are changing, with the old integrated monoliths slowly giving way to more complex structures, including forms of multiple access to infrastructure with the dominant user still in charge, and forms of more independent ownership of infrastructure with all authorized users being equal access tenants. At the same time, changes in ownership structure are being explored, from allowing some private operators on public facilities--and public operators on private facilities-to outright privatization. In all cases, concomitant changes, particularly labour restructuring, are emerging as critical. What are the approaches available, where are they being tried and are they working? There is actually a wide range of different experiments, some in surprising places, with changes in structure or in ownership, sometimes both at the same time. Mixed answers are emerging that work (better, if not perfectly). The problem of labour can be addressed as well. Although there is no fixed recipe for success, the issues are beginning to be better understood and useful alternative approaches are emerging that improve, but which do not guarantee, the chances of survival of the rail mode. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 311-355 Issue: 3 Volume: 23 Year: 2003 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164032000101201 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164032000101201 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:23:y:2003:i:3:p:311-355 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Book reviews Journal: Pages: 357-371 Issue: 3 Volume: 23 Year: 2003 X-DOI: 10.1080/0144164032000046285 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/0144164032000046285 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:23:y:2003:i:3:p:357-371 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Robin Hickman Author-X-Name-First: Robin Author-X-Name-Last: Hickman Title: Planning the mobile metropolis. Transport for people, places and the planet Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 678-679 Issue: 5 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1355856 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1355856 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:5:p:678-679 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Geoffrey Dudley Author-X-Name-First: Geoffrey Author-X-Name-Last: Dudley Title: Creative destruction and the sharing economy. Uber as disruptive innovation Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 679-681 Issue: 5 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1365277 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1365277 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:5:p:679-681 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thiago Allis Author-X-Name-First: Thiago Author-X-Name-Last: Allis Author-Name: Carla Fraga Author-X-Name-First: Carla Author-X-Name-Last: Fraga Title: Tourism, public transport and sustainable mobility Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 681-683 Issue: 5 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1366957 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1366957 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:5:p:681-683 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wouter Boon Author-X-Name-First: Wouter Author-X-Name-Last: Boon Author-Name: Bert van Wee Author-X-Name-First: Bert Author-X-Name-Last: van Wee Title: Influence of 3D printing on transport: a theory and experts judgment based conceptual model Abstract: Consumer 3D printing is on the rise and has the potential to significantly change the transport and logistics sector. Current literature on 3D printing and transport studies does not provide a systematic model of the impact of 3D printing on transport and related (policy relevant) areas, such as traffic safety, location decisions, accessibility and environmental effects. Based on a literature review and two rounds of expert consultation, we propose and refine a conceptual model as a way to approach this gap in the literature. The expert consultation yields that the conceptual model comprises the relevant and important elements for assessing the impact of 3D printing on transport and transport-related challenges. Location, needs and transport resistance are important: (a) city-level hubs are the most likely locations for 3D printers because they can coordinate material flows and gather expertise; (b) mass-individualisation and personification dictates the needs for 3D printers; (c) distribution networks will be organised more efficiently, less empty vehicles, but raw materials still need shipping. However, experts’ opinions diverged on the impact of 3D printing on transport volumes and environmental impacts. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 556-575 Issue: 5 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1370036 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1370036 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:5:p:556-575 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ralph Gakenheimer Author-X-Name-First: Ralph Author-X-Name-Last: Gakenheimer Title: Transportation. Land use and integration, applications in developing countries Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 683-684 Issue: 5 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1370505 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1370505 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:5:p:683-684 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Esra Suel Author-X-Name-First: Esra Author-X-Name-Last: Suel Author-Name: John W. Polak Author-X-Name-First: John W. Author-X-Name-Last: Polak Title: Incorporating online shopping into travel demand modelling: challenges, progress, and opportunities Abstract: There is a large body of literature, spanning multiple disciplines, concerned with the relationship between traditional (physical) shopping and associated travel behaviour. However, despite the recent rapid growth of digital retailing and online shopping, the impact on travel behaviour remain poorly understood. Although the issue of the substitution and complementarity between conventional and virtual retail channels has been extensively explored, few attempts have been made to extend this work so as to incorporate virtual retail channels into modelling frameworks that can link shopping and mobility decisions. Here, we review the existing literature base with a focus on most relevant dimensions for personal mobility. How online activity can be incorporated into operational transport demand models and benefits of such effort are discussed. Existing frameworks of shopping demand are flexible and can, in principle, be extended to incorporate virtual shopping and the associated additional complexities. However, there are significant challenges associated with lack of standard ontologies for crucial concepts and insufficiencies in traditional data collection methods. Also, supply-side questions facing businesses and policy-makers are changing as retailing goes through a digital transformation. Opportunities and priorities need to be defined for future research directions for an assessment of existing tools and frameworks. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 576-601 Issue: 5 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1381864 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1381864 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:5:p:576-601 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Damien J. Melis Author-X-Name-First: Damien J. Author-X-Name-Last: Melis Author-Name: Jose M. Silva Author-X-Name-First: Jose M. Author-X-Name-Last: Silva Author-Name: Richard C.K. Yeun Author-X-Name-First: Richard C.K. Author-X-Name-Last: Yeun Title: Impact of biometric and anthropometric characteristics of passengers on aircraft safety and performance Abstract: Demand for commercial air travel has been increasing over the years and recent forecasts indicate similar future trends. New aircraft with enhanced design features are being built and entering the airline service globally. These enhancements aim to ensure continued safety, efficiency, performance and prolonged life serviceability. However, these new enhancements often neglect the impact of the changing anthropometric characteristics of the passenger. Past studies have identified increasing trends in the average weight, height and other anthropometrical and biometrical measures of people at a global scale. However, many are limited to only exploring the ramifications primarily from the perspective of passenger experience. This paper highlights the importance of considering passengers’ anthropometric characteristics from a holistic perspective and identifies gaps for future research. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 602-624 Issue: 5 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1396264 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1396264 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:5:p:602-624 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xu Chen Author-X-Name-First: Xu Author-X-Name-Last: Chen Author-Name: Martin Treiber Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Treiber Author-Name: Venkatesan Kanagaraj Author-X-Name-First: Venkatesan Author-X-Name-Last: Kanagaraj Author-Name: Haiying Li Author-X-Name-First: Haiying Author-X-Name-Last: Li Title: Social force models for pedestrian traffic – state of the art Abstract: Pedestrian simulation plays an important role in the fields of transport station management, building evacuation and safety management of large public events. Among the continuous pedestrian flow models, the social force model is one of the most widespread and supports all of the above use cases. Since its initial proposal by Helbing and Molnar [(1995). Social force model for pedestrian dynamics. Physical Review E, 51, 4282], many improvements of the social force model have been put forward for solving various, but mostly specific, problems. However, an up-to-date and essentially comprehensive review bringing all the model variants into a common context is missing. In this paper, we propose such a framework in terms of assessment criteria for pedestrian models considering pedestrian attributes, motion base cases, self-organisation phenomena and some special cases. Starting with the initial version of Helbing and Molnar [(1995). Social force model for pedestrian dynamics. Physical Review E, 51, 4282] and the escape panic version of Helbing, Farkas, and Vicsek [(2000a). Simulating dynamical features of escape panic. Nature, 407, 487–490], we classify the improvements and assess their degree of the improvements. Further discussion is presented from the perspectives of description ability, parameter calibration and flexible application in a complex environment. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 625-653 Issue: 5 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1396265 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1396265 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:5:p:625-653 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Haitao Yu Author-X-Name-First: Haitao Author-X-Name-Last: Yu Title: A review of input–output models on multisectoral modelling of transportation–economic linkages Abstract: Understanding the role of transportation in urban and regional economy is a persistent analytical topic within the transportation research community. Multi-sectoral input–output (IO) modelling, as a standard economic analysis tool, has great advantages in reflecting industrial interdependencies in an economy. The simplicity of IO and the well-known concept of multiplier effect also make it broadly used in both academia and practice. This paper provides an introduction of IO models and reviews the past IO studies from 2000 onward on modelling transportation–economic linkages. The following types of models are included: single-region, multi-region and random utility-based multi-region IO models, with central methodological features described. An evaluation of modelling issues brought to light by reviewing the literature is then presented. For future research, more critical attention should be directed towards IO’s modelling assumptions, spatial linkages and the static representation of the economy. In addition, there are needs for more attention in the following areas: sectoral aggregation, specification of household sector and the integration with transportation forecasting models. The paper concludes with brief recommendations on future IO applications. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 654-677 Issue: 5 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1406557 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1406557 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:5:p:654-677 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eric J. Miller Author-X-Name-First: Eric J. Author-X-Name-Last: Miller Title: Accessibility: measurement and application in transportation planning Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 551-555 Issue: 5 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1492778 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1492778 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:5:p:551-555 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eda Beyazit Author-X-Name-First: Eda Author-X-Name-Last: Beyazit Title: Achieving Sustainable Mobility—Everyday and Leisure-time Travel in the EU Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 807-808 Issue: 6 Volume: 31 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2011.573103 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2011.573103 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:31:y:2011:i:6:p:807-808 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kris Braekers Author-X-Name-First: Kris Author-X-Name-Last: Braekers Author-Name: Gerrit Janssens Author-X-Name-First: Gerrit Author-X-Name-Last: Janssens Author-Name: An Caris Author-X-Name-First: An Author-X-Name-Last: Caris Title: Challenges in Managing Empty Container Movements at Multiple Planning Levels Abstract: Empty container management deals with repositioning empty containers at minimum costs while fulfilling empty container demands. Due to imbalances in trade, some areas have a surplus of empty containers, while others have a shortage. Therefore, empty containers need to be repositioned globally to make sure that sufficient empty containers are available everywhere. Besides, empty containers need to be repositioned regionally between shippers, consignees, inland depots, terminals and ports in order to fulfil demand. In this paper, the focus is on the empty container management problem at a regional level. The problem is described in detail and opportunities for reducing empty container movements are discussed. Decisions to be taken at each planning level (strategic, tactical and operational) are described, and for each planning level, a detailed overview of planning models proposed in the literature is presented. Planning models considering decisions at several planning levels are discussed as well. Finally, interesting opportunities for future research are identified. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 681-708 Issue: 6 Volume: 31 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2011.584979 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2011.584979 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:31:y:2011:i:6:p:681-708 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pierre Cariou Author-X-Name-First: Pierre Author-X-Name-Last: Cariou Author-Name: Francois-Charles Wolff Author-X-Name-First: Francois-Charles Author-X-Name-Last: Wolff Title: Ship-Owners' Decisions to Outsource Vessel Management Abstract: Shipping companies frequently outsource the management of their vessels. In this paper, we use data from Lloyd's Register Fairplay [(2009) IHS Fairplay World shipping encyclopaedia. Available at http://www.ihs.com/products/maritime-information/ships/world-shipping-encyclopedia.aspx?pu=1&rd=ihsfairplay_com] on 45 456 vessels belonging to 9580 different ship-owners to investigate the extent of outsourcing in shipping and to identify the key factors affecting the likelihood of outsourcing. The results of our econometric analysis indicate that ship-owners' decisions to outsource are explained by the characteristics of the vessels in question (age, type and size) and the characteristics of the ship-owner (country of domiciliation and number of vessels). In addition, a specific country effect is identified for Greek ship-owners, which is in line with the findings of previous studies. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 709-724 Issue: 6 Volume: 31 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2011.587907 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2011.587907 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:31:y:2011:i:6:p:709-724 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daniel Chatman Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Author-X-Name-Last: Chatman Author-Name: Robert Noland Author-X-Name-First: Robert Author-X-Name-Last: Noland Title: Do Public Transport Improvements Increase Agglomeration Economies? A Review of Literature and an Agenda for Research Abstract: Public transport improvements may increase economic productivity if they enable the growth and densification of cities, downtowns, or industrial clusters and thereby increase external agglomeration economies. It has been argued that the potential agglomeration benefits are large; if so, understanding them better would be useful in making funding decisions about public transport improvements. We reviewed theoretical and empirical literature on agglomeration as well as a small number of articles on transportation's role in agglomeration. The theoretical literature is useful in understanding possible avenues by which transportation improvements might affect agglomeration, although there is little discussion of public transport specifically. Relevant empirical studies tend to focus on metropolitan regions and use a generalized measure of transportation cost. But public transport impacts on agglomeration are likely to be different from road investment impacts. We identified several ways of conducting research building on this literature that would help evaluate the agglomeration impacts of public transport proposals: tracing the links between transport, agglomeration, and productivity; better motivating research using theories of agglomeration mechanisms; taking scale and redistribution into account; exploring the functional form of agglomeration economies; accounting for endogeneity in model structure; and considering development context. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 725-742 Issue: 6 Volume: 31 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2011.587908 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2011.587908 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:31:y:2011:i:6:p:725-742 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anthony Chen Author-X-Name-First: Anthony Author-X-Name-Last: Chen Author-Name: Zhong Zhou Author-X-Name-First: Zhong Author-X-Name-Last: Zhou Author-Name: Piya Chootinan Author-X-Name-First: Piya Author-X-Name-Last: Chootinan Author-Name: Seungkyu Ryu Author-X-Name-First: Seungkyu Author-X-Name-Last: Ryu Author-Name: Chao Yang Author-X-Name-First: Chao Author-X-Name-Last: Yang Author-Name: S. Wong Author-X-Name-First: S. Author-X-Name-Last: Wong Title: Transport Network Design Problem under Uncertainty: A Review and New Developments Abstract: This paper aims to provide a state-of-the-art review of the transport network design problem (NDP) under uncertainty and to present some new developments on a bi-objective-reliable NDP (BORNDP) model that explicitly optimizes the capacity reliability and travel time reliability under demand uncertainty. Both are useful performance measures that can describe the supply-side reliability and demand-side reliability of a road network. A simulation-based multi-objective genetic algorithm solution procedure, which consists of a traffic assignment algorithm, a genetic algorithm, a Pareto filter, and a Monte-Carlo simulation, is developed to solve the proposed BORNDP model. A numerical example based on the capacity enhancement problem is presented to demonstrate the tradeoff between capacity reliability and travel time reliability in the NDP. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 743-768 Issue: 6 Volume: 31 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2011.589539 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2011.589539 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:31:y:2011:i:6:p:743-768 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Doron Lavee Author-X-Name-First: Doron Author-X-Name-Last: Lavee Author-Name: Gilat Beniad Author-X-Name-First: Gilat Author-X-Name-Last: Beniad Author-Name: Charles Solomon Author-X-Name-First: Charles Author-X-Name-Last: Solomon Title: The Effect of Investment in Transportation Infrastructure on the Debt-to-GDP Ratio Abstract: This paper examines the relationship between investment in transportation infrastructure capital and the debt-to-gross domestic product (GDP) ratio. We analyse the effect of bringing forward investment originally planned for future years to be executed during times of economic crisis and also consider the possible advantages of carrying out such investments with private sector financing. This paper presents a model which shows how policy aimed to encourage investment in transportation infrastructure projects through private sector participation may help raise long-term GDP and thus lead to a lower debt-to-GDP ratio. The theoretical model is then applied to current empirical data from Israel. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 769-789 Issue: 6 Volume: 31 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2011.596581 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2011.596581 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:31:y:2011:i:6:p:769-789 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paul Tae-Woo Lee Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Tae-Woo Lee Author-Name: Matthew Flynn Author-X-Name-First: Matthew Author-X-Name-Last: Flynn Title: Charting a New Paradigm of Container Hub Port Development Policy: The Asian Doctrine Abstract: This paper proposes the conceptual model of the Asian (Port) Doctrine to explain the successful development of top ranking container ports in Asia during the past four decades. This paper draws a new paradigm for the role of government as a third governance approach in addition to Anglo-Saxon and European doctrines by describing how Asian countries have developed container hub ports by investing in infrastructure as social overhead capital to support export-led growth. We survey characteristics and outcomes in major Asian container port developments and one European port in terms of a port development policy. The findings are presented in a comparative overview of government investment in functional elements of port, maritime infrastructure and landside connections to container ports. This paper confirms that the existing two doctrines—Anglo-Saxon and European doctrines—are not sufficient to explain the Asian success in major container port developments. The proposed framework contends that a newly proposed Asian Doctrine can accomplish this with the help of cross-subsidization, strategic and administered port pricing mechanism. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 791-806 Issue: 6 Volume: 31 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2011.597005 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2011.597005 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:31:y:2011:i:6:p:791-806 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Editorial Board Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: ebi-ebi Issue: 6 Volume: 31 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2011.632756 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2011.632756 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:31:y:2011:i:6:p:ebi-ebi Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Wanke Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Wanke Author-Name: Rafael Garcia Barbastefano Author-X-Name-First: Rafael Garcia Author-X-Name-Last: Barbastefano Author-Name: Maria Fernanda Hijjar Author-X-Name-First: Maria Fernanda Author-X-Name-Last: Hijjar Title: Determinants of Efficiency at Major Brazilian Port Terminals Abstract: This paper reports on the use of different approaches for measuring the efficiency of major Brazilian port terminals. Two of the most important approaches, DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) and SFA (Stochastic Frontier Analysis), were performed on data collected from 25 terminals. The findings indicate that the majority of Brazilian terminals are running short on capacity due to the export boom that has occurred over the past few years and due to the lack of investment in capacity expansion. Furthermore, efficiency measurements derived from a reduced model with only one input and one output were explained based on variables such as type of cargo handled (container or bulk), connectivity of the terminal to railroads, and control (state or private) of the terminal. Implications and directions for future research are explored. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 653-677 Issue: 5 Volume: 31 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2010.547635 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2010.547635 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:31:y:2011:i:5:p:653-677 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nihan Akyelken Author-X-Name-First: Nihan Author-X-Name-Last: Akyelken Title: The Economic Geography of the UK Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 679-680 Issue: 5 Volume: 31 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2011.555015 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2011.555015 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:31:y:2011:i:5:p:679-680 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: María Feo-Valero Author-X-Name-First: María Author-X-Name-Last: Feo-Valero Author-Name: Leandro García-Menéndez Author-X-Name-First: Leandro Author-X-Name-Last: García-Menéndez Author-Name: Rodrigo Garrido-Hidalgo Author-X-Name-First: Rodrigo Author-X-Name-Last: Garrido-Hidalgo Title: Valuing Freight Transport Time using Transport Demand Modelling: A Bibliographical Review Abstract: The value of time for freight transport is of major importance in infrastructure-related cost–benefit analysis and yet its study has been largely neglected when compared with its passenger counterpart. In fact, one of the attributes that could decide the profitability of a project is how much can be saved if freight vehicles use new infrastructure. Despite being the primary benefit of most investments in transport infrastructure, researchers have not yet reached agreement over either the size or the nature of the values of time that should be used when evaluating projects. This article provides a review of the estimation of freight value of time through transport demand modelling and extant empirical evidence on this topic. Similarly, the bibliographic review of studies undertaken has allowed us to pinpoint the most critical issues when modelling freight transport demand and the position of various research teams regarding these aspects. Such issues include identifying the decision-maker, heterogeneity in the transport flows and transport attributes considered by decision-makers. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 625-651 Issue: 5 Volume: 31 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2011.564330 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2011.564330 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:31:y:2011:i:5:p:625-651 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bert Van Wee Author-X-Name-First: Bert Author-X-Name-Last: Van Wee Author-Name: Gerard De Jong Author-X-Name-First: Gerard Author-X-Name-Last: De Jong Author-Name: Hans Nijland Author-X-Name-First: Hans Author-X-Name-Last: Nijland Title: Accelerating Car Scrappage: A Review of Research into the Environmental Impacts Abstract: This paper reviews the literature on policies that aim to accelerate car scrappage and on related models. We conclude that substantial model efforts have been made to capture the direct reaction of households with older cars to the scrappage schemes, but that indirect effects on the second-hand car market, effects on car use and emissions from car use and on lifecycle emissions have received far less attention. Emission effects are modest and occur only in the short term. The cost-effectiveness of scrapping schemes is often quite poor. The most favourable cost-effectiveness scores occur in large densely populated areas, and only (or mainly) if cars with old (or no) emissions control technologies are scrapped. A full overview of the pros and cons of scrapping schemes, including all the dominant effects and their determinants in an advanced way, is lacking. Nevertheless, we think the general conclusions with respect to the effects and cost-effectiveness as presented above are quite robust. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 549-569 Issue: 5 Volume: 31 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2011.564331 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2011.564331 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:31:y:2011:i:5:p:549-569 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mercedes Burguillo-Cuesta Author-X-Name-First: Mercedes Author-X-Name-Last: Burguillo-Cuesta Author-Name: Marta García-Inés Author-X-Name-First: Marta Author-X-Name-Last: García-Inés Author-Name: Desiderio Romero-Jordan Author-X-Name-First: Desiderio Author-X-Name-Last: Romero-Jordan Title: Does Dieselization Favour a Cleaner Transport? Evidence from EU-15 Abstract: In the 1990s, purchases of diesel passenger cars in the EU had intensively grown, with the subsequent increase of diesel oil demand. One of the main factors explaining this change on consumer preferences was the improvement in combustion technology of diesel engines. In this context, just because diesel cars use less energy per kilometre than petrol ones, EU authorities have considered dieselization as a phenomenon harmonic with transport policy objectives enhancing the change in consumer preferences for diesel cars with fiscal and technical policies. The process of dieselization was consolidated; European consumers have maintained their preferences for diesel cars over time. The economic literature lacks in the study of dieselization and in the study of dieselization environmental consequences. However, this work tries to shed some light onto this issue analysing, through the estimation of a two-simultaneous-equations model, EU’s new diesel passenger car demand and diesel oil demand in the last two decades. The results will permit to characterize the main factors behind the change to dieselization. After this, we will discuss about the environmental implications of the European social option for dieselization. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 571-589 Issue: 5 Volume: 31 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2011.566378 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2011.566378 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:31:y:2011:i:5:p:571-589 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stéphanie Vincent Lyk-Jensen Author-X-Name-First: Stéphanie Vincent Author-X-Name-Last: Lyk-Jensen Title: Forecasting Freight Flows Abstract: Trade patterns and transport markets are changing as a result of the growth and globalization of international trade, and forecasting future freight flow has to rely on trade forecasts. Forecasting freight flows is critical for matching infrastructure supply to demand and for assessing investment. This article models long-term dynamic physical trade flows and estimates a dynamic panel data model for foreign trade for the EU15 and two countries from the EFTA (European Free Trade Association) 1967–2002. The analysis suggests that a dynamic three-way-effects gravity equation is the best-fitted econometric model. The analysis uses a structural relationship to explain the structure of the exchange of the goods—a relationship that can be used in the year of forecast. This article also provides a new methodology for converting monetary aggregates into quantity aggregates. The resulting commodity growth rates constitute a valuable input to freight models for forecasting future capacity problems. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 603-624 Issue: 5 Volume: 31 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2011.566984 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2011.566984 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:31:y:2011:i:5:p:603-624 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rickard Bergqvist Author-X-Name-First: Rickard Author-X-Name-Last: Bergqvist Author-Name: Sönke Behrends Author-X-Name-First: Sönke Author-X-Name-Last: Behrends Title: Assessing the Effects of Longer Vehicles: The Case of Pre- and Post-haulage in Intermodal Transport Chains Abstract: The demand for inland freight transport in Europe is mainly met by road transport, leading to unsustainable impacts such as air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions and congestion. Since rail transport has lower externalities than road transport, a modal shift from road to rail is an accepted policy goal for achieving a more sustainable and competitive transport system. However, intermodal road–rail transport is mainly competitive for long-distance transport, and as a consequence, the potential for modal shift is limited. The cost efficiency of road–rail intermodal transport is particularly sensitive to pre- and post-haulage (PPH) costs, since this activity typically has a larger cost compared with its share of the total distance in the transport chain. For intermodal transportation over shorter distances, for example, below 300 km and where there are substantial PPH activities at both ends of the chain, the competitiveness of the intermodal transport system compared with that of direct road is low. Improving the efficiency of PPH activities is, therefore, of utmost importance for the competitiveness of the intermodal transport system. This paper looks into the issue of improving the cost efficiency of an intermodal transport chain by implementing an innovative and flexible legal framework regarding the PPH activities in the chain. By extending the legal framework with exemptions for longer vehicles in PPH, the cost efficiency could be greatly improved. The purpose of such a framework is to allow and enable, for PPH exclusively, the use of 2 × 40 foot or even two semi-trailers using only one vehicle in the context of the Swedish regulatory framework. This paper develops a strategic calculation model for assessing and investigating the consequences of such a framework and investigates the framework's potential in terms of cost efficiency. The model in combination with a sensitivity analysis of input variables gives a comprehensive understanding of the effects of PPH under different circumstances. From the results, it is evident that there are substantial positive effects associated with a PPH framework of longer vehicles. Results indicate that a typical shipper may experience cost reductions of about 5–10% of the total costs of the intermodal transport chain. In summary, a more innovative and flexible legal framework regarding vehicle length in the PPH links can contribute to a greater modal shift, improved cost efficiency and more environmentally friendly transportation systems. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 591-602 Issue: 5 Volume: 31 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2011.584980 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2011.584980 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:31:y:2011:i:5:p:591-602 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fanchao Liao Author-X-Name-First: Fanchao Author-X-Name-Last: Liao Author-Name: Eric Molin Author-X-Name-First: Eric Author-X-Name-Last: Molin Author-Name: Bert van Wee Author-X-Name-First: Bert Author-X-Name-Last: van Wee Title: Consumer preferences for electric vehicles: a literature review Abstract: Widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) may contribute to the alleviation of problems such as environmental pollution, global warming and oil dependency. However, the current market penetration of EV is relatively low in spite of many governments implementing strong promotion policies. This paper presents a comprehensive review of studies on consumer preferences for EV, aiming to better inform policy-makers and give direction to further research. First, we compare the economic and psychological approach towards this topic, followed by a conceptual framework of EV preferences which is then implemented to organise our review. We also briefly review the modelling techniques applied in the selected studies. Estimates of consumer preferences for financial, technical, infrastructure and policy attributes are then reviewed. A categorisation of influential factors for consumer preferences into groups such as socio-economic variables, psychological factors, mobility condition, social influence, etc. is then made and their effects are elaborated. Finally, we discuss a research agenda to improve EV consumer preference studies and give recommendations for further research.Abbreviations: AFV: alternative fuel vehicle; BEV: battery electric vehicle; CVs: conventional vehicles; EVs: electric vehicles; FCV: fuel cell vehicle; HCM: hybrid choice model; HEV: hybrid electric vehicle (non plug-in); HOV: high occupancy vehicle; MNL: MultiNomial logit; MXL: MiXed logit model; PHEV: plug-in hybrid electric vehicle; RP: revealed preference; SP: stated preference. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 252-275 Issue: 3 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2016.1230794 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2016.1230794 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:3:p:252-275 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Julián Martínez Moya Author-X-Name-First: Julián Author-X-Name-Last: Martínez Moya Author-Name: María Feo Valero Author-X-Name-First: María Author-X-Name-Last: Feo Valero Title: Port choice in container market: a literature review Abstract: As a result of the intense changes occurring in port environment over the last decades, new models of competitiveness have been developed, where port authorities try to increase their attractiveness. In this context, one of the most debated issues in this area of research is still the role played by port authorities in defining port competitiveness. The aim of this paper is to provide a review of port choice literature enabling to identify the main port choice’s criteria in order to define the role played by Port Authorities and to point out future lines of research that should be undertaken to fully incorporate current ports’ environment and performance. The results show that although some studies point out the importance of geographical factors in port choice, a larger number of studies defend the increasing role played by port authorities in determining the competitiveness through investing in port infrastructure, improving port efficiency or hinterland accessibility. Despite the existing models contributing on this topic, there are still some gaps in terms of measuring the port performance, including port strategies and studying the port choice for specific industries. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 300-321 Issue: 3 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2016.1231233 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2016.1231233 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:3:p:300-321 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Theo Notteboom Author-X-Name-First: Theo Author-X-Name-Last: Notteboom Author-Name: Francesco Parola Author-X-Name-First: Francesco Author-X-Name-Last: Parola Author-Name: Giovanni Satta Author-X-Name-First: Giovanni Author-X-Name-Last: Satta Author-Name: Marcello Risitano Author-X-Name-First: Marcello Author-X-Name-Last: Risitano Title: A taxonomy of logistics centres: overcoming conceptual ambiguity Abstract: This manuscript aims to disentangle the conceptual ambiguity around the notion of logistics centre. It proposes an overarching framework that categorises different types of infrastructure and identifies their distinctive components. The lack of a sound conceptualisation of logistics centres originates from the variety in temporal and spatial approaches. In transportation chains, path-breaking trends in market needs, technological innovations and institutional changes, as well as the place specificity of logistics centres embedded in various national contexts, inevitably led to a substantial theoretical ambiguity. This study consolidates prior fragmented works and identifies suitable criteria for classifying logistics centres. The functional criterion is proposed as a cornerstone for building a sound conceptualisation of these infrastructures. By capturing the distinctive characteristics of each type of logistics centre, the paper proposes an original and comprehensive taxonomy, which emphasises commonalities and specificities of various infrastructures. The paper provides a contribution to literature by sketching out a trustworthy conceptualisation of logistics centres. In addition, the outcomes bring insightful implications for researchers, policy-makers and practitioners. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 276-299 Issue: 3 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2016.1231234 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2016.1231234 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:3:p:276-299 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nico Dogterom Author-X-Name-First: Nico Author-X-Name-Last: Dogterom Author-Name: Dick Ettema Author-X-Name-First: Dick Author-X-Name-Last: Ettema Author-Name: Martin Dijst Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Dijst Title: Tradable credits for managing car travel: a review of empirical research and relevant behavioural approaches Abstract: Recently, there has been a surge of interest in Tradable Credits (TC) as an alternative measure to manage the growth of personal car use. This paper summarises the results and methodologies of studies that have sought to anticipate the behavioural responses to several proposed TC schemes that target personal travel. In a critical reflection on this work and in an attempt to inspire future research, we argue that future empirical studies on TC behaviours can greatly benefit from insights from the fields of behavioural economics and cognitive psychology. Therefore, in the second part of the paper, we bring together behavioural concepts from these fields that are relevant in a TC decision-making context. Based on observations from current TC studies and the behavioural mechanisms identified in the second part of the paper, we propose promising directions for future research on understanding the impact of TC on personal car travel. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 322-343 Issue: 3 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2016.1245219 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2016.1245219 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:3:p:322-343 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sara Tilley Author-X-Name-First: Sara Author-X-Name-Last: Tilley Title: Multi-level forces and differential effects affecting birth cohorts that stimulate mobility change Abstract: This paper presents a dynamic model at three levels to understand changing mobility trends at the population level. A multi-level framework is proposed that enables existing research and analysis to be considered in a more holistic sense. This framework assists in identifying predictions and transition pathways for different birth cohorts, particularly as they reach older age. This has the aim of bringing about a greater understanding of the socio-demographic influence on mobility trends, with a focus on the cultural transitions that affect birth cohorts differently in terms of their travel behaviour. The framework presented here captures the multi-level forces and structural effects that impact mobility. The paper examines how these forces and effects interact at different levels to influence the changing mobility of birth cohorts at different points in time. Examining the simultaneous operation of these levels is of conceptual importance to assist in the interpretation of mobility trends, as well as understanding future mobility implications, of future generations. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 344-364 Issue: 3 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2016.1246487 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2016.1246487 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:3:p:344-364 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Liliana Magalhães Author-X-Name-First: Liliana Author-X-Name-Last: Magalhães Author-Name: Vasco Reis Author-X-Name-First: Vasco Author-X-Name-Last: Reis Author-Name: Rosário Macário Author-X-Name-First: Rosário Author-X-Name-Last: Macário Title: A literature review of flexible development of airport terminals Abstract: The Master Plan has long been the traditional go-to approach to airport development. It was originally conceived for a scenario of stable growth. In recent decades, however, the airport industry has undergone substantial structural changes, with the traditional Master Plan progressively revealing limitations with regard to airports coping with the market’s unpredictability. There have since been increased calls for flexibility in the approach as an alternative or as a complement to the traditional Master Plan. A flexible development plan helps to accommodate changes within terminals. This paper presents a review of the current literature on airport terminal flexibility, covering a total of 19 reference works. The works were analysed in terms of the concepts, definitions and deployment frameworks, or similar. The review reveals that research in airport terminal flexibility is still in its early stages. A consensual definition has yet to be defined and no robust framework for deploying flexibility has been defined. We propose a new definition of flexible development. Furthermore, flexibility has been studied essentially in the context of expansion. However, in certain regions where land availability is scarce, other forms of airport development may be more important. We conclude the paper with suggestions for future research areas. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 365-382 Issue: 3 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2016.1246488 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2016.1246488 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:3:p:365-382 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miluše Tichavska Author-X-Name-First: Miluše Author-X-Name-Last: Tichavska Author-Name: Beatriz Tovar Author-X-Name-First: Beatriz Author-X-Name-Last: Tovar Title: External costs from vessel emissions at port: a review of the methodological and empirical state of the art Abstract: The accurate calculation of external costs from vessel emissions and shipping (as it happens with transport) strongly depends on parameters such as location, the time of the day and vessel operative. Thus, the use of a full bottom-up approach and granular traffic details is suggested. The latter may represent a substantial improvement in the resolution of shipping activity, energy demand, emissions and cost data being the latter essential for better regulations. The revised work identifies the Impact Pathway Approach (IPA) as the best-practice bottom-up methodology for calculating site-specific external costs derived from shipping air emissions. It has been widely adopted, among others, over major European studies (CAFE, BeTa, NEEDS and HEATCO). Also, it shows that due to costly and complex requirements of creating a shipping and harbour-specific bottom-up approach, external cost calculation based on tonne per euro factors obtained from European Studies (top-down approach) has been widely accepted. Moreover, methodological improvements and the possible achievement of refined estimations (IPA) dedicated to ports and shipping are strongly suggested, as these may improve information quality used for environmental policy and measures that contribute to the internalisation of externality costs. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 383-402 Issue: 3 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1279694 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1279694 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:3:p:383-402 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Corinne Mulley Author-X-Name-First: Corinne Author-X-Name-Last: Mulley Title: Mobility as a Services (MaaS) – does it have critical mass? Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 247-251 Issue: 3 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1280932 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1280932 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:3:p:247-251 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dick de Waard Author-X-Name-First: Dick Author-X-Name-Last: de Waard Title: Cycling futures Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 403-405 Issue: 3 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1281850 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1281850 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:3:p:403-405 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stephen Buckman Author-X-Name-First: Stephen Author-X-Name-Last: Buckman Title: Resilient cities: overcoming fossil fuel dependence Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 815-816 Issue: 6 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1407010 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1407010 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:6:p:815-816 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Robin Hickman Author-X-Name-First: Robin Author-X-Name-Last: Hickman Author-Name: Marco Dean Author-X-Name-First: Marco Author-X-Name-Last: Dean Title: Incomplete cost – incomplete benefit analysis in transport appraisal Abstract: This paper examines the current application of transport appraisal in the UK, in particular exploring the partiality of cost–benefit analysis (CBA) within the wider multi-criteria analysis (MCA) process. It argues that applying a quantitative assessment of the varied impacts of complex transport projects can only be partial within the CBA. Analysis can overlook social, human life, environmental and built environment impacts, and projects can be inconsistent with the planning strategy for an area. The application of CBA is critically reviewed using two case studies: the proposed upgrade of the South Fylde railway line and the Heysham-M6 Link Road, both from North West England. A participatory MCA process is suggested to help improve the process of transport appraisal, as part of an improved public debate on transport investment priorities. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 689-709 Issue: 6 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1407377 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1407377 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:6:p:689-709 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sergio Oliete Josa Author-X-Name-First: Sergio Author-X-Name-Last: Oliete Josa Author-Name: Francesc Magrinyà Author-X-Name-First: Francesc Author-X-Name-Last: Magrinyà Title: Patchwork in an interconnected world: the challenges of transport networks in Sub-Saharan Africa Abstract: Sub-Saharan Africa has recently undergone, or still do in many countries, a period of transport infrastructure expansion. Current policies are centred on the development of international links, which require large capital-intensive projects and are sometimes economically dubious. This paper reviews the past policies and transport functions since colonial times by placing them in their economic and political context. We find that present strategies have similarities to the ones prevailing in previous periods, where expansion phases dominated by transport-led economic growth theories were followed by a stagnation of Africa’s infrastructure development. In view of the challenges in translating findings from empirical research into right policies, we identify the potential of more balanced and sustainable strategic investments, notably by reinforcing the existing secondary transport networks converging into urban centres. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 710-736 Issue: 6 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1414899 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1414899 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:6:p:710-736 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hamed Shahrokhi Shahraki Author-X-Name-First: Hamed Author-X-Name-Last: Shahrokhi Shahraki Author-Name: Chris Bachmann Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Bachmann Title: Designing computable general equilibrium models for transportation applications Abstract: This paper presents a review of Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model applications for spatial economic and transport interaction modelling. This paper has three objectives (1) To deliver an up to date and comprehensive literature review on applications of CGE models in transportation, (2) To analyze the different methodological approaches and their theoretical and practical advantages and disadvantages, and (3) To ultimately provide guidance on designing CGE models for various transportation analyses. The content of the paper is as follows: first, a brief introduction to CGE models is provided. The history of CGE models is traced, ranging from their origins and seminal applications in economics, to their eventual adoption in transportation research. This is followed by a comprehensive review of the application of CGE models to transport projects and policies. Various applications in transportation are reviewed in terms of their intended application, as well as their treatment of space and time. Finally, these applications are contrasted with respect to their methodological approaches, with a close examination of various influential model choices. Here, the essential design choices made within these model applications are explained and debated, to clearly elaborate on the workings of the models and the design choices facing CGE model developers. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 737-764 Issue: 6 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1426651 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1426651 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:6:p:737-764 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alireza Ermagun Author-X-Name-First: Alireza Author-X-Name-Last: Ermagun Author-Name: David Levinson Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Levinson Title: Spatiotemporal traffic forecasting: review and proposed directions Abstract: This paper systematically reviews studies that forecast short-term traffic conditions using spatial dependence between links. We extract and synthesise 130 research papers, considering two perspectives: (1) methodological framework and (2) methods for capturing spatial information. Spatial information boosts the accuracy of prediction, particularly in congested traffic regimes and for longer horizons. Machine learning methods, which have attracted more attention in recent years, outperform the naïve statistical methods such as historical average and exponential smoothing. However, there is no guarantee of superiority when machine learning methods are compared with advanced statistical methods such as spatiotemporal autoregressive integrated moving average. As for the spatial dependency detection, a large gulf exists between the realistic spatial dependence of traffic links on a real network and the studied networks as follows: (1) studies capture spatial dependency of either adjacent or distant upstream and downstream links with the study link, (2) the spatially relevant links are selected either by prejudgment or by correlation-coefficient analysis, and (3) studies develop forecasting methods in a corridor test sample, where all links are connected sequentially together, assume a similarity between the behaviour of both parallel and adjacent links, and overlook the competitive nature of traffic links. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 786-814 Issue: 6 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1442887 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1442887 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:6:p:786-814 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carl Johnsson Author-X-Name-First: Carl Author-X-Name-Last: Johnsson Author-Name: Aliaksei Laureshyn Author-X-Name-First: Aliaksei Author-X-Name-Last: Laureshyn Author-Name: Tim De Ceunynck Author-X-Name-First: Tim Author-X-Name-Last: De Ceunynck Title: In search of surrogate safety indicators for vulnerable road users: a review of surrogate safety indicators Abstract: Surrogate indicators are meant to be alternatives or complements of safety analyses based on accident records. These indicators are used to study critical traffic events that occur more frequently, making such incidents easier to analyse. This article provides an overview of existing surrogate indicators and specifically focuses on their merit for the analyses of vulnerable road users and the extent to which they have been validated by previous research. Each indicator is evaluated based on its ability to consider the collision risk, which can be further divided into the initial conditions of an event, the magnitude of any evasive action and the injury risk in any traffic event. The results show that various indicators and their combinations can reflect different aspects of any traffic event. However, no existing indicator seems to capture all aspects. Various studies have also focused on the validity of different indicators. However, due to the use of diverse approaches to validation, the large difference in how many locations were investigated and variations in the duration of observation at each location, it is difficult to compare and discuss the validity of the different surrogate safety indicators. Since no current indicator can properly reflect all the important aspects underlined in this article, the authors suggest that the choice of a suitable indicator in future surrogate safety studies should be made with considerations of the context-dependent suitability of the respective indicator. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 765-785 Issue: 6 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1442888 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1442888 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:6:p:765-785 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Erratum Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 817-817 Issue: 6 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1458506 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1458506 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:6:p:817-817 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rachel Aldred Author-X-Name-First: Rachel Author-X-Name-Last: Aldred Title: Pedestrian injury risk: unanswered questions and a developing research agenda Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 685-688 Issue: 6 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1518510 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1518510 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:6:p:685-688 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: List of Reviewers August 2017 – August 2018 Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 818-819 Issue: 6 Volume: 38 Year: 2018 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1527110 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1527110 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:6:p:818-819 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Devajyoti Deka Author-X-Name-First: Devajyoti Author-X-Name-Last: Deka Title: Three revolutions: steering automated, shared, and electric vehicles to a better future Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 553-555 Issue: 4 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1481892 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1481892 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:4:p:553-555 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kathleen L. Hancock Author-X-Name-First: Kathleen L. Author-X-Name-Last: Hancock Title: Freight transport and distribution: concepts and optimisation models Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 555-556 Issue: 4 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1487476 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1487476 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:4:p:555-556 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Susan Shaheen Author-X-Name-First: Susan Author-X-Name-Last: Shaheen Author-Name: Adam Cohen Author-X-Name-First: Adam Author-X-Name-Last: Cohen Title: Shared ride services in North America: definitions, impacts, and the future of pooling Abstract: Shared ride services allow riders to share a ride to a common destination. They include ridesharing (carpooling and vanpooling); ridesplitting (a pooled version of ridesourcing/transportation network companies); taxi sharing; and microtransit. In recent years, growth of Internet-enabled wireless technologies, global satellite systems, and cloud computing - coupled with data sharing – are causing people to increase their use of mobile applications to share a ride. Some shared ride services, such as carpooling and vanpooling, can provide transportation, infrastructure, environmental, and social benefits. This paper reviews common shared ride service models, definitions, and summarises existing North American impact studies. Additionally, we explore the convergence of shared mobility; electrification; and automation, including the potential impacts of shared automated vehicle (SAV) systems. While SAV impacts remain uncertain, many practitioners and academic research predict higher efficiency, affordability, and lower greenhouse gas emissions. The impacts of SAVs will likely depend on the number of personally owned automated vehicles; types of sharing (concurrent or sequential); and the future modal split among public transit, shared fleets, and pooled rides. We conclude the paper with recommendations for local governments and public agencies to help in managing the transition to highly automated vehicles and encouraging higher occupancy modes. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 427-442 Issue: 4 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1497728 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1497728 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:4:p:427-442 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Karen Trapenberg Frick Author-X-Name-First: Karen Author-X-Name-Last: Trapenberg Frick Title: The Oxford handbook of megaproject management Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 563-564 Issue: 4 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1502215 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1502215 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:4:p:563-564 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ryosuke Abe Author-X-Name-First: Ryosuke Author-X-Name-Last: Abe Author-Name: Hironori Kato Author-X-Name-First: Hironori Author-X-Name-Last: Kato Title: Long-run studies of daily travel: methodological review and convergence of distance traveled per capita across cities Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to review previous studies that have modelled daily travel using long-run variations of data (20 years or more), focusing on their theoretical (micro-founded) assumptions, and then to present a case study applying one of these assumptions. The review intends to clarify how these studies assume intergenerational differences in the (unobservable) mobility preferences of individuals, which determines how they describe the changes in the aggregate of individuals. This study shows that one group of studies describes these changes using changes in the behaviour of individuals representing all generations and by assuming their preferences over time. This assumption is useful, as it accommodates all types of data covering different periods, including the so-called aggregate data. This study also shows that the other study group describes them using the turnover of individuals of different generations, assuming that individuals born in different periods could have different preferences. This has been made possible by following birth cohorts over time using data from repeated surveys while enabling a focus on generation-specific characteristics in daily travel. Next, the case study provides an example of how most previous long-run studies on daily travel have employed theoretical assumptions. It applies the first assumption to examine a convergence hypothesis of distance travelled per capita across cities. This hypothesis is derived from the assumptions posed primarily on the production-side of a city’s transportation system, including diminishing returns under current transportation technologies. A linear regression model is employed to test the hypothesis with a city-level data set covering 39 developed cities in the world from 1960 to 2000. The results support the hypothesis, showing negative and statistically significant effects of per capita annual kilometres travelled on their subsequent average growth rates in every model with different sets of the control variables representing the surrounding conditions of the transportation network. The results of the case study suggest that current daily travel may be exhausting most of the quantitative potential of a city’s transportation network under the current technologies. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 443-462 Issue: 4 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1513096 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1513096 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:4:p:443-462 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hugo Priemus Author-X-Name-First: Hugo Author-X-Name-Last: Priemus Title: The infrastructure we ride on. Decision making in transportation investment Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 560-562 Issue: 4 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1517136 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1517136 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:4:p:560-562 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alexa Delbosc Author-X-Name-First: Alexa Author-X-Name-Last: Delbosc Title: The psychology of the car: automobile admiration, attachment and addiction Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 562-563 Issue: 4 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1517137 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1517137 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:4:p:562-563 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Abraham Leung Author-X-Name-First: Abraham Author-X-Name-Last: Leung Author-Name: Matthew Burke Author-X-Name-First: Matthew Author-X-Name-Last: Burke Author-Name: Jianqiang Cui Author-X-Name-First: Jianqiang Author-X-Name-Last: Cui Author-Name: Anthony Perl Author-X-Name-First: Anthony Author-X-Name-Last: Perl Title: Fuel price changes and their impacts on urban transport – a literature review using bibliometric and content analysis techniques, 1972–2017 Abstract: While the period of heightened oil prices in 2005–2014 has attracted considerable academic and policy attention, there is scant cross-disciplinary research considering energy price, transport and land use together. In car dependent societies many socio-economically disadvantaged areas often lack public and active transport accessibility. Emerging research focus has been placed on issues of transport equity including effects of fuel prices. We reviewed 45 years (1972–2017) of publications about fuel price impacts, transport, and urban context, drawn from Web of Science listed publications. Bibliographic citation analysis reveals eight major research clusters with a set of inter-city comparative studies at their centre. The historical evolution, geographical trends, research approaches and the key themes are revealed by context analysis. The paper highlights the need for further studies looking at energy, transport and land use interaction, and suggests a greater focus on transport equity. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 463-484 Issue: 4 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1523252 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1523252 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:4:p:463-484 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Benjamin Welle Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin Author-X-Name-Last: Welle Title: Paratransit in African cities: operations, regulation, and reform Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 556-558 Issue: 4 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1523254 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1523254 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:4:p:556-558 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sajad Askari Author-X-Name-First: Sajad Author-X-Name-Last: Askari Author-Name: Farideddin Peiravian Author-X-Name-First: Farideddin Author-X-Name-Last: Peiravian Title: Public transportation quality of service: factors, models, and applications Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 558-560 Issue: 4 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1531083 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1531083 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:4:p:558-560 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Imre Keseru Author-X-Name-First: Imre Author-X-Name-Last: Keseru Author-Name: Nils Wuytens Author-X-Name-First: Nils Author-X-Name-Last: Wuytens Author-Name: Cathy Macharis Author-X-Name-First: Cathy Author-X-Name-Last: Macharis Title: Citizen observatory for mobility: a conceptual framework Abstract: Citizen observatories that incorporate participatory sensing can complement traditional and automated data collection methods for mobility planning and increase the level of participation of citizens in transport planning. The process of developing such an online environment is not only time-consuming and costly, but it would also require an extensive knowledge of computer programming. This is one of the main barriers to the proliferation of citizen observatories. Therefore, this paper develops a conceptual framework of a citizen observatory platform that does not require special skills or resources. It would enable the collection, analysis and exchange of quantitative and qualitative mobility-related data by citizens. We have reviewed 69 participatory sensing applications in the field of mobility to derive the essential building stones of such an observatory. We identified the requirements considering eight criteria: campaign management, objective, context, data types, sensing technology, motivation of data collectors, validation and representativeness, visualisation and reporting. Some concerns regarding representativeness of data, motivation of data collectors, accuracy of sensors and validated algorithms for indicators are also raised. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 485-510 Issue: 4 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1536089 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1536089 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:4:p:485-510 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fatih Canitez Author-X-Name-First: Fatih Author-X-Name-Last: Canitez Title: Urban public transport systems from new institutional economics perspective: a literature review Abstract: The paper provides a novel perspective for the examination of urban public transport (UPT) systems based on a literature review of new institutional economics (NIE). New institutional economics is a rapidly growing interdisciplinary economic perspective which seeks to explain the role of institutions in the performance of socio-economic systems. It encompasses various economic theories including transaction cost economics, agency theory, contract theory and property rights economics. Although NIE-based approaches have been utilised in different sectors and policy areas, management and organisation of UPT systems is a policy area where the implications of NIE-related theories have not been thoroughly explored. UPT systems are complex and involve a variety of transport actors such as transport authorities, regulators, operators and passengers. These actors interact with each other as embedded in an institutional environment which structures the rules, hence determines the incentives, roles and liabilities for the actors. However, previous studies have generally taken this institutional environment as given and have not problematised it. This paper seeks to provide a concise literature review of UPT through the perspective of NIE to delve into the institutional configuration of UPT systems so that an institutional account of UPT is given. An institutional framework is proposed to help structure the current literature on UPT. To explore the applicability of NIE in conceptualising and problematising the issues concerning the management of UPT, the paper attempts to delineate the institutional landscape of UPT. The informal and formal institutions, governance structures and contractual relationships in UPT are examined through the lens of NIE. These institutional levels constitute the building blocks for the institutional arrangement of the UPT systems, and the proposed institutional framework for the analysis of UPT systems reviews and examines each institutional level in a systematic way. The paper explores the potential added-value that NIE provides, identifies the research gaps in the literature, and finally, shows the future avenues for NIE-inspired UPT studies. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 511-530 Issue: 4 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1552631 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1552631 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:4:p:511-530 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Matteo Balliauw Author-X-Name-First: Matteo Author-X-Name-Last: Balliauw Author-Name: Hilde Meersman Author-X-Name-First: Hilde Author-X-Name-Last: Meersman Author-Name: Eddy Van de Voorde Author-X-Name-First: Eddy Author-X-Name-Last: Van de Voorde Author-Name: Thierry Vanelslander Author-X-Name-First: Thierry Author-X-Name-Last: Vanelslander Title: Towards improved port capacity investment decisions under uncertainty: a real options approach Abstract: Port activity plays an important role in facilitating international trade. Sufficient capacity is indispensable for a port to attract flows to a region and retain them. The capacity decision is the result of a trade-off between investment and waiting costs. Traditional methods to value expansion projects do not deal adequately with managerial flexibility in the face of uncertainty from different sources in the complex port environment. In this paper, real options (RO) models are identified as an alternative method to making project valuations and investment decisions, as they attribute the correct value to managerial flexibility under uncertainty. In order to be able to build and use such RO models for port capacity investment decisions, the sources and implications of uncertainty in the port and the different RO model specifications need to be understood. To this end, both the literature about uncertainty in the port context and the literature about real options models are reviewed in order to provide researchers who want to build their own decision-making models, with the necessary knowledge of both fields. The review makes clear that the complex interactions in and competition between the logistics chains and their actors coming together in ports have significant impacts on port capacity. Uncertainty is also caused by uncertain international trade flows and changes in legislation following new technologies and environmental impacts. An analysis of the components of some general RO models shows how the options of flexible output, investment size and timing are valued by RO models in a setting with demand uncertainty. Moreover, the review presents researchers with insights in how to deal with cooperative and competitive interactions in the chain, time to build, cyclical markets and legislation changes. It also shows how to value the expansion and the phased investment options. The new insights resulting from this review are subsequently combined in a framework that serves as a guideline to build RO models for port capacity investments. Finally, an exemplifying application of the framework is used to build an actual port capacity investment decision model. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 531-552 Issue: 4 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1556228 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1556228 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:4:p:531-552 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Johan Woxenius Author-X-Name-First: Johan Author-X-Name-Last: Woxenius Title: Is research becoming a game with 4 players and 22 referees? Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 423-426 Issue: 4 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2019.1616894 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2019.1616894 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:4:p:423-426 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miguel López-Navarro Author-X-Name-First: Miguel Author-X-Name-Last: López-Navarro Author-Name: Miguel Ángel Moliner Author-X-Name-First: Miguel Author-X-Name-Last: Ángel Moliner Author-Name: Rosa María Rodríguez Author-X-Name-First: Rosa Author-X-Name-Last: María Rodríguez Author-Name: Javier Sánchez Author-X-Name-First: Javier Author-X-Name-Last: Sánchez Title: Accompanied versus Unaccompanied Transport in Short Sea Shipping between Spain and Italy: An Analysis from Transport Road Firms Perspective Abstract: Short sea shipping (SSS) is called to play a key role in ensuring sustainable mobility in the European context. In the past years several studies tried to define the SSS requirements and also to identify the SSS lines that were economically viable. However, no studies approach the profile of their users—the road transport firms—and the organizational patterns adopted by them, in order to gain a better understanding of this transport modality. This research, on the basis of a sample of 81 international road transport firms that use SSS between Spain and Italy, analyses the profile of these firms and certain elements inherent to their relationship with the shipping firms, according to the two modalities of organizing their SSS transport operations: accompanied versus unaccompanied. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 425-444 Issue: 4 Volume: 31 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2010.528588 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2010.528588 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:31:y:2011:i:4:p:425-444 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Athanasios Pallis Author-X-Name-First: Athanasios Author-X-Name-Last: Pallis Author-Name: Thomas Vitsounis Author-X-Name-First: Thomas Author-X-Name-Last: Vitsounis Author-Name: Peter De Langen Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: De Langen Author-Name: Theo Notteboom Author-X-Name-First: Theo Author-X-Name-Last: Notteboom Title: Port Economics, Policy and Management: Content Classification and Survey Abstract: This paper presents a taxonomy and analysis of the content of published research in port economics, policy and management (port studies). The recent increase of these publications suggests a growing interest in the study of ports. However, the research characteristics and directions of this research field are unidentified. This paper provides a systematic analysis of port studies published during the period 1997–2008. A comprehensive cross-citation and analysis of the themes, approaches and findings of all 395 relevant journal papers identifies the extent to which the research field is maturing, and the leading papers. This paper also presents an extensive analysis of the content, based on the classification of all port studies into seven research themes. For each theme, research topics, widely used research questions, concepts and research methods and the most important research findings are discussed. Finally, we identify emerging research challenges and research questions that still need to be answered. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 445-471 Issue: 4 Volume: 31 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2010.530699 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2010.530699 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:31:y:2011:i:4:p:445-471 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cinzia Cirillo Author-X-Name-First: Cinzia Author-X-Name-Last: Cirillo Author-Name: Renting Xu Author-X-Name-First: Renting Author-X-Name-Last: Xu Title: Dynamic Discrete Choice Models for Transportation Abstract: Discrete choice models have received widespread acceptance in transport research over the past three decades, being used in travel demand modelling and behavioural analysis; however, their applications have been mainly developed in a static context. There have been several dynamic models in transportation; but these formulations are not based on dynamic optimization principles and do not allow for changes in external factors. With the continuous and rapid changes in modern societies (i.e. introduction of advanced technologies, aggressive marketing strategies and innovative policies) it is more and more recognized by researchers in various disciplines from economics to social science that choice situations take place in a dynamic environment and that strong interdependencies exist among decisions made at different points in time. Dynamic discrete choice models (DDCMs) describe the behaviour of a forward-looking economic agent who chooses between several alternatives repeatedly over time. DDCMs are usually specified as an optimal stopping problem, where agents decide when to make a change in ownership of durable goods or in their behaviour. In this paper, we present the application of the dynamic formulation to short- to medium-term vehicle-holding decisions. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 473-494 Issue: 4 Volume: 31 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2010.533393 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2010.533393 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:31:y:2011:i:4:p:473-494 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nihan Akyelken Author-X-Name-First: Nihan Author-X-Name-Last: Akyelken Title: Green Logistics: Improving the Environmental Sustainability of Logistics Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 547-548 Issue: 4 Volume: 31 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2010.537101 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2010.537101 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:31:y:2011:i:4:p:547-548 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sybil Derrible Author-X-Name-First: Sybil Author-X-Name-Last: Derrible Author-Name: Christopher Kennedy Author-X-Name-First: Christopher Author-X-Name-Last: Kennedy Title: Applications of Graph Theory and Network Science to Transit Network Design Abstract: While the network nature of public transportation systems is well known, the study of their design from a topological/geometric perspective remains relatively limited. From the work of Euler in the 1750s to the discovery of scale-free networks in the late 1990s, the goal of this paper is to review the topical literature that applied concepts of graph theory and network science. After briefly introducing the origins of graph theory, we review early indicators developed to study transport networks, which notably includes the works of Garrison and Marble, and Kansky. Afterwards, we examine network indicators and characteristics developed to study transit systems specifically, in particular by reviewing the works of Vuchic and Musso. Subsequently, we introduce the concepts of small-worlds and scale-free networks from the emerging field network science, and review early applications to transit networks. Finally, we identify three challenges that will need to be addressed in the future. As transit systems are likely to grow in the world, the study of their network feature could be of substantial help to planners so as to better design the transit systems of tomorrow, but much work lies ahead. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 495-519 Issue: 4 Volume: 31 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2010.543709 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2010.543709 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:31:y:2011:i:4:p:495-519 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luc Wismans Author-X-Name-First: Luc Author-X-Name-Last: Wismans Author-Name: Eric Van Berkum Author-X-Name-First: Eric Author-X-Name-Last: Van Berkum Author-Name: Michiel Bliemer Author-X-Name-First: Michiel Author-X-Name-Last: Bliemer Title: Modelling Externalities using Dynamic Traffic Assignment Models: A Review Abstract: Recently, there has been a growing interest in externalities in our society, mainly in the context of climate and air quality, which are of importance when policy decisions are made. For the assessment of externalities in transport, often the output of static traffic assignment models is used in combination with so-called effect models. Due to the rapidly increasing possibilities of using dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) models for large-scale transportation networks and the application of traffic measures, already several models have been developed to assess the externalities using DTA models more precisely. Different research projects have shown that there is a proven relation between the traffic dynamics and externalities, such as emissions of pollutants and traffic safety. This means that the assessment of external effects can be improved by using temporal information about flow, speed and density, which is the output of DTA models. In this paper, the modelling of traffic safety, emissions and noise in conjunction with DTA models is reviewed based on an extensive literature survey. This review shows that there are still gaps in knowledge in assessing traffic safety, much research is available concerning emissions, and although little research has been conducted concerning the assessment of noise using DTA models, the methods available can be used to assess the effects. Most research so far has focused on the use of microscopic models, while mesoscopic or macroscopic models may have a high potential for improving the assessment of these effects for larger networks. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 521-545 Issue: 4 Volume: 31 Year: 2011 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2010.544856 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2010.544856 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:31:y:2011:i:4:p:521-545 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Richard J. Lee Author-X-Name-First: Richard J. Author-X-Name-Last: Lee Author-Name: Ipek N. Sener Author-X-Name-First: Ipek N. Author-X-Name-Last: Sener Author-Name: S. Nathan Jones Author-X-Name-First: S. Nathan Author-X-Name-Last: Jones Title: Understanding the role of equity in active transportation planning in the United States Abstract: Active transportation modes are increasingly being acknowledged for their individual and societal benefits. As a result, funding for pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure in the United States has increased substantially in recent years. However, pedestrian and bicycle equity impacts often go overlooked, which has resulted in an inequitable distribution of active transportation costs and benefits. The paper contributes to this small but growing field by developing an enhanced understanding of active transportation equity, identifying limitations in research and in practice, and providing a set of recommendations for planners and researchers. These recommendations include considering other transportation-disadvantaged groups beyond low-income and minority populations in equity analysis, adopting new performance measures, increasing inter-agency coordination, the need for stronger guidance from the federal government, and more representation from transportation-disadvantaged groups in the public participation and decision-making process. If the costs and benefits of active transportation are to be fairly shared among all users, equity will need to be meaningfully addressed in the planning process. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 211-226 Issue: 2 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2016.1239660 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2016.1239660 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:2:p:211-226 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Benoît Cornut Author-X-Name-First: Benoît Author-X-Name-Last: Cornut Author-Name: Jean-Loup Madre Author-X-Name-First: Jean-Loup Author-X-Name-Last: Madre Title: A longitudinal perspective on car ownership and use in relation with income inequalities in the Paris metropolitan area Abstract: The objective is to analyse the evolution of car ownership and use in the Paris region according to the standard of living of households and the place of residence (Paris, inner suburbs and outer suburbs). Based on annual panel surveys from 1974 to 2013, we show that a maximum of car use has been reached in the 1990s in the Paris region but the date of appearance of car ownership and use saturation differs according to the zone of residence (earlier in the City of Paris). The Gini index and the Q4/Q1 ratio are also computed to describe the evolution of inequalities in the population. In the Paris region, car ownership and use inequalities have strongly reduced since the 1970s. However, the levels of inequalities are higher in dense areas than in the outer suburbs where the necessity to own a car tends to homogenise travel behaviour. Last, if the Gini index is low because global inequalities are weak, inequalities remain important for low-income groups, especially in the outer suburbs where the indicators have to be interpreted as indicators of inequity. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 227-244 Issue: 2 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2016.1245218 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2016.1245218 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:2:p:227-244 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rafael H. M. Pereira Author-X-Name-First: Rafael H. M. Author-X-Name-Last: Pereira Author-Name: Tim Schwanen Author-X-Name-First: Tim Author-X-Name-Last: Schwanen Author-Name: David Banister Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Banister Title: Distributive justice and equity in transportation Abstract: Over the past decades, transport researchers and policy-makers have devoted increasing attention to questions about justice and equity. Nonetheless, there is still little engagement with theories in political philosophy to frame what justice means in the context of transport policies. This paper reviews key theories of justice (utilitarianism, libertarianism, intuitionism, Rawls’ egalitarianism, and Capability Approaches (CAs)) and critically evaluates the insights they generate when applied to transport. Based on a combination of Rawlsian and CAs, we propose that distributive justice concerns over transport disadvantage and social exclusion should focus primarily on accessibility as a human capability. This means that, in policy evaluation, a detailed analysis of the distributional effects of transport policies should take account of the setting of minimum standards of accessibility to key destinations and the extent to which these policies respect individuals’ rights and prioritise disadvantaged groups, reduce inequalities of opportunities, and mitigate transport externalities. A full account of justice in transportation requires a more complete understanding of accessibility than traditional approaches have been able to deliver to date. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 170-191 Issue: 2 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2016.1257660 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2016.1257660 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:2:p:170-191 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miloš N. Mladenović Author-X-Name-First: Miloš N. Author-X-Name-Last: Mladenović Title: Transport justice: designing fair transportation systems Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 245-246 Issue: 2 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2016.1258599 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2016.1258599 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:2:p:245-246 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bat-hen Nahmias-Biran Author-X-Name-First: Bat-hen Author-X-Name-Last: Nahmias-Biran Author-Name: Karel Martens Author-X-Name-First: Karel Author-X-Name-Last: Martens Author-Name: Yoram Shiftan Author-X-Name-First: Yoram Author-X-Name-Last: Shiftan Title: Integrating equity in transportation project assessment: a philosophical exploration and its practical implications Abstract: This paper provides an overview of the conceptual essence of a number of justice theories and their possible consequences for transport project appraisal. In this paper, we discuss three alternative philosophical approaches to the still-dominant approach of utilitarianism: Rawls’s approach, Walzer’s approach, and the capability approach (CA), as they have different practical implications. We discuss which of these approaches could potentially give guidance to transportation appraisal, and which approaches are not suited for this purpose. We demonstrate the use of the CA and compare it to utilitarianism in a case study, and discuss the implications of adopting the former for transport evaluation and policy. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 192-210 Issue: 2 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1276604 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1276604 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:2:p:192-210 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Karel Martens Author-X-Name-First: Karel Author-X-Name-Last: Martens Author-Name: Floridea Di Ciommo Author-X-Name-First: Floridea Author-X-Name-Last: Di Ciommo Title: Travel time savings, accessibility gains and equity effects in cost–benefit analysis Abstract: The growing interest in the equity dimensions of transport planning has resulted in increasing criticism on the dominant assessment methodology of transport projects: cost–benefit analysis (CBA). In this paper, we focus on travel time savings, given their importance in the assessment of transport projects and the sometimes fierce equity-related citicism on their inclusion in project appraisal. We identify five equity effects related to the use of travel time savings in CBA. Each of these equity effects implies that transport projects serving the majority population are highly likely to perform better in CBA than comparable projects serving disadvantaged population groups. We subsequently explore whether the replacement of travel time savings by accessibility gains can address the identified equity effects. We observe that this only holds for two of the five equity effects, while a third effect can be mitigated through the introduction of the notion of diminishing marginal return in the valuation of accessibility gains. We conclude that the mere introduction of accessibility gains is in itself insufficient to address all equity effects related to the application of travel time savings within the CBA framework. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 152-169 Issue: 2 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2016.1276642 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2016.1276642 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:2:p:152-169 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Floridea Di Ciommo Author-X-Name-First: Floridea Author-X-Name-Last: Di Ciommo Author-Name: Yoram Shiftan Author-X-Name-First: Yoram Author-X-Name-Last: Shiftan Title: Transport equity analysis Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 139-151 Issue: 2 Volume: 37 Year: 2017 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1278647 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2017.1278647 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:37:y:2017:i:2:p:139-151 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Banister Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Banister Title: The climate crisis and transport Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 565-568 Issue: 5 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2019.1637113 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2019.1637113 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:5:p:565-568 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Camila Balbontin Author-X-Name-First: Camila Author-X-Name-Last: Balbontin Author-Name: David A. Hensher Author-X-Name-First: David A. Author-X-Name-Last: Hensher Title: Firm-specific and location-specific drivers of business location and relocation decisions Abstract: Decisions made by businesses on where to locate or relocate are typically given less consideration than residential location in integrated transport and land use modelling systems. This is surprising given the important role that businesses play in defining employment opportunities, and hence the travel patterns of workers and any travel associated with accessing firms. As part of a larger study on giving firm location choices an endogenous representation in an integrated model system, this paper reviews the existing literature on the drivers of location and relocation decisions in various geographical jurisdictions. The findings provide a starting position in the design of future firm-specific surveys, and especially the attributes that are candidates for stated choice experiments and for inclusion in firm location utility equations embedded in integrated strategic model systems. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 569-588 Issue: 5 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2018.1559254 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2018.1559254 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:5:p:569-588 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vasco Reis Author-X-Name-First: Vasco Author-X-Name-Last: Reis Title: A new theoretical framework for integration in freight transport chains Abstract: At the European Union level, door-to-door freight transport chains – i.e. involving intermodal, combined, co modal or synchromodal transport – are seen as one solution for curbing the unsustainable growth of the transport sector. Integration is regarded as a key feature in the creation of enhanced transport chains. It would bring about purposeful coordination and alignment between transport agents with the aim of enhancing the performance of the transport service. However, integration also entails additional costs, so there are limits to its exploitation. Diverse theories and principles were used to study the dynamics of integration. System engineering principles were used to study the elements and structure of the transport chains; whereas logistics and supply chain principles were applied to explain agents’ behaviouristic elements and performance elements. New institutional economics theory shed light on the types and problems of coordination, or on incentives to overcome the barriers. Network and graph theories are useful to characterise the structure of transport chains and networks. The literature review highlighted that less attention has been paid to both the identification of the fundamental components of integration and the understanding the role of integration on the performance of a transport chain. This paper proposes a novel conceptual framework by which to understand the nature and mechanisms of integration in freight transport chains. It makes use of the concept of fitness and takes into consideration insights derived from system engineering and transaction costs economics. The framework is made up of four interrelated Building Blocks (BB): the customer's demand requirements (BB1); the transport agents’ profiles (BB2); the fitness (BB3); and the performance of the transport chain (BB4). Integration is the degree of matching (BB3) of selected components of the transport agents (BB2), chosen according to demand (BB1). The degree of matching will yield inefficiencies which will impact the performance (BB4) of the transport service. The framework identifies five dimensions of integration, corresponding to the various flows among agents, which are physical; logical; contractual; financial; and institutional. Finally, it considers three moments of integration: during production; while on recovery from a situation of non-compliance; and after the delivery of the goods. An initial validation assessment exercise was conducted with two case studies – one successful and one unsuccessful. This work complements others dedicated to understanding the organisation and production of transport chains. The framework can assist transport agents in identifying unexploited opportunities for enhancing integration or mitigating negative aspects. It can also support policy makers, for example, in efforts to prioritise investments in accordance with their potential impact on integration. Finally, as the framework provides details on how agents interact, it can support the development of freight transport models, particularly disaggregated approaches. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 589-610 Issue: 5 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2019.1573860 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2019.1573860 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:5:p:589-610 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thierry Vanelslander Author-X-Name-First: Thierry Author-X-Name-Last: Vanelslander Author-Name: Christa Sys Author-X-Name-First: Christa Author-X-Name-Last: Sys Author-Name: Jasmine Siu Lee Lam Author-X-Name-First: Jasmine Siu Lee Author-X-Name-Last: Lam Author-Name: Claudio Ferrari Author-X-Name-First: Claudio Author-X-Name-Last: Ferrari Author-Name: Athena Roumboutsos Author-X-Name-First: Athena Author-X-Name-Last: Roumboutsos Author-Name: Michele Acciaro Author-X-Name-First: Michele Author-X-Name-Last: Acciaro Author-Name: Rosario Macário Author-X-Name-First: Rosario Author-X-Name-Last: Macário Author-Name: Genevieve Giuliano Author-X-Name-First: Genevieve Author-X-Name-Last: Giuliano Title: A serving innovation typology: mapping port-related innovations Abstract: The port sector is often perceived to be lagging behind in terms of innovative initiatives. It is unclear whether this is the result of a more limited engagement of the scientific community, or poor external marketing from port operators or whether the limited number of port-related scientific studies is not representative of the real volume of innovation in the sector. In order to offer deeper insight into the connections between the academic (port) innovation literature and actual innovation practices in the port sector, firstly, the literature is reviewed over the 2011–2018 period. Secondly, the paper proposes a typology, which supports the management of the innovation process and upon which future research could be based. Last, the analysis of 75 port-related innovation initiatives provides an application of the proposed typology. The findings from the study of innovation in the port-related sectors show that multi-dimensional innovation encompassing technological, managerial, organisational and cultural aspects is prevailing in this industry. So far only a handful of innovation cases are the result of co-operation, generally with other firms upstream or downstream in the maritime supply chain. Ultimately, it emerges, however, that collaborative innovation or co-innovation is the way forward for future maritime- and port-related innovation. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 611-629 Issue: 5 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2019.1587794 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2019.1587794 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:5:p:611-629 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eva Heinen Author-X-Name-First: Eva Author-X-Name-Last: Heinen Author-Name: Ralph Buehler Author-X-Name-First: Ralph Author-X-Name-Last: Buehler Title: Bicycle parking: a systematic review of scientific literature on parking behaviour, parking preferences, and their influence on cycling and travel behaviour Abstract: Cycling is experiencing a revival in many cities. Research has focused on the determinants of cycling – in particular the role of the built environment and road infrastructure. Bicycle parking has received little attention – even though bicycles are parked most of the time. This article reviews the scientific literature on bicycle parking and identifies existing gaps in research and knowledge. The review analyses 94 peer-reviewed papers identified through a search in Scopus and Web of Science, in December 2017. The annual number of papers increased 15-fold between 1995 and 2017. Overall, the level of evidence on the importance of bicycle parking is limited. The majority of studies are based on cross-sectional data with the presence of parking as a binary independent variable. Most studies focus on bicycle parking at public transport stops and at work places. Few studies report on bicycle parking throughout cities, and hardly any on parking at residential locations. Bicycle parking supply and quality appears to be a determinant of cycling for current and potential cyclists. Our findings can serve as input for an evidence-based debate on the role of bicycle parking. For practitioners, our research supports investment in bicycle parking, but acknowledges that a proper evaluation of such initiatives needs to be conducted to increase the level of evidence. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 630-656 Issue: 5 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2019.1590477 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2019.1590477 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:5:p:630-656 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jacqueline M. Klopp Author-X-Name-First: Jacqueline M. Author-X-Name-Last: Klopp Author-Name: Clemence Cavoli Author-X-Name-First: Clemence Author-X-Name-Last: Cavoli Title: Mapping minibuses in Maputo and Nairobi: engaging paratransit in transportation planning in African cities Abstract: Often called paratransit because of their flexible stops, schedules and routes, minibuses make up the bulk of public transport in African cities. Despite their ubiquity and importance, these systems are poorly understood by transportation planners who tend to focus on large-scale urban infrastructure projects such as highways, commuter rail or bus rapid transit systems. The assumption within much of this planning is that these minibus systems are barriers to change and will become at most secondary “feeder” buses within large-scale projects, but structured plans detailing this vision are lacking. This paper argues that frequent failure to collect data and value important paratransit systems as a critical part of transportation in their own right is deeply problematic from the point of view of equity, access and inclusive and effective planning. We ask whether the growing number of bottom up mapping projects of minibus systems can disrupt this status quo. By comparing two mapping projects, Digital Matatus in Nairobi and the Mapa Dos Chapas in Maputo, we find that inclusive, collaborative mapping can help render these minibuses more visible in planning and provoke more grounded and inclusive “planning conversations” on multi-modal integration, passenger information and minibus upgrading, all key but relatively marginalised aspects of creating accessible, low emission, high quality and safe public transport in African cities. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 657-676 Issue: 5 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2019.1598513 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2019.1598513 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:5:p:657-676 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Samantha Hayes Author-X-Name-First: Samantha Author-X-Name-Last: Hayes Author-Name: Cheryl Desha Author-X-Name-First: Cheryl Author-X-Name-Last: Desha Author-Name: Matthew Burke Author-X-Name-First: Matthew Author-X-Name-Last: Burke Author-Name: Mark Gibbs Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Gibbs Author-Name: Mikhail Chester Author-X-Name-First: Mikhail Author-X-Name-Last: Chester Title: Leveraging socio-ecological resilience theory to build climate resilience in transport infrastructure Abstract: Anthropogenic climate change poses risks to transport infrastructure that include disrupted operations, reduced lifespan and increased reconstruction and maintenance costs. Efforts to decrease the vulnerability of transport networks have been largely limited to understanding projected risks through governance and administrative efforts. Where physical adaptation measures have been implemented, these have typically aligned with a traditional “engineering resilience” approach of increasing the strength and rigidity of assets to withstand the impacts of climate change and maintain a stable operating state. Such systems have limited agility and are susceptible to failure from “surprise events”. Addressing these limitations, this paper considers an alternate approach to resilience, inspired by natural ecosystems that sense conditions in real-time, embrace multi-functionality and evolve in response to changing environmental conditions. Such systems embrace and thrive on unpredictability and instability. This paper synthesises key literature in climate adaptation and socio-ecological resilience theory to propose a shift in paradigm for transport infrastructure design, construction and operation, towards engineered systems that can transform, evolve and internally manage vulnerability. The authors discuss the opportunity for biomimicry (innovation inspired by nature) as an enabling discipline for supporting resilient and regenerative infrastructure, introducing three potential tools and frameworks. The authors conclude the importance of leveraging socio-ecological resilience theory, building on the achievements in engineering resilience over the past century. These findings have immediate practical applications in redefining resilience approaches for new transport infrastructure projects and transport infrastructure renewal. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 677-699 Issue: 5 Volume: 39 Year: 2019 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2019.1612480 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2019.1612480 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:39:y:2019:i:5:p:677-699 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris Author-X-Name-First: Anastasia Author-X-Name-Last: Loukaitou-Sideris Title: Special issue on walking Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 131-134 Issue: 2 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1712044 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1712044 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:2:p:131-134 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marie Geraldine Herrmann-Lunecke Author-X-Name-First: Marie Geraldine Author-X-Name-Last: Herrmann-Lunecke Author-Name: Rodrigo Mora Author-X-Name-First: Rodrigo Author-X-Name-Last: Mora Author-Name: Lake Sagaris Author-X-Name-First: Lake Author-X-Name-Last: Sagaris Title: Persistence of walking in Chile: lessons for urban sustainability Abstract: An extensive body of work from the urban planning, health, and other disciplines has documented the importance of walking to urban sustainability from health, safety, security, environmental and other perspectives. These studies come mainly from countries in North America and Europe, where the majority of the population relies on cars for transportation. Notwithstanding, in many countries in the Global South, walking remains a majority transport mode, while cars increasingly dominate the urban streetscape, but are accessible only to a minority of the population. Chile provides fertile terrain for studying this phenomenon. This article reviews current practice and recent research of walking in Chile, in light of international findings regarding walkability, equity and urban sustainability. To elaborate an overview of the depth and breadth of walking in Chile, an interdisciplinary team conducted a literature review, examined relevant case study material from experience from Chile and in particular from Santiago, and triangulated this mainly qualitative data with results from the origin-destination survey applied in Chile’s main cities, Chilean traffic safety data) and results from official transport reports of other Latin American cities [Tirachini, A. (2019). South America: The challenge of transition. In J. Stanley & D. Hensher (Eds.), A research agenda for transport policy. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing]. Findings show that despite priority public investments that have largely prioritised infrastructure for cars, walking in Chile has remained as the majority transport mode up until today, especially for lower-middle income groups, and particularly for care-related tasks performed mainly by women. In this sense, walking in Chile has proven remarkably persistent. The importance of walking as the main transport mode, against the odds, reflects economic, cultural, and urban form determinants, which are explored in this article. Furthermore, a recent upsurge in public interest and community design initiatives to improve walking, particularly the generation of a Chilean approach to “complete streets” has emerged, opening up opportunities to challenge Chile’s version of automobility in favour of more equitable, active and public transportation modes. There is, therefore, in Chile an opportunity to prioritise the walking mode, improve infrastructure for walkers and build from preserving current high pedestrian modal shares, rather than having to reverse widespread car use, as occurs in many countries in Europe and North America. This potential is highly relevant as these conditions are similar to those in other Latin American cities and, potentially, other cities elsewhere in the Global South. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 135-159 Issue: 2 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1712494 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1712494 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:2:p:135-159 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dennis van Soest Author-X-Name-First: Dennis Author-X-Name-Last: van Soest Author-Name: Miles R. Tight Author-X-Name-First: Miles R. Author-X-Name-Last: Tight Author-Name: Christopher D. F. Rogers Author-X-Name-First: Christopher D. F. Author-X-Name-Last: Rogers Title: Exploring the distances people walk to access public transport Abstract: A shift from private motorised transport to more active transportation can, among other things, deliver significant health benefits. The main disadvantage of active transport (in particular walking) for most people compared to private motorised transport is the limited range. Public transport (PT) can complement the use of active modes and extend their range. Therefore, there might be potential to increase physical activity through an increase in PT use. This article takes a closer look at how walking relates to the use of PT by examining existing literature on the topic. It aims to study how far people walk to and from PT and what key factors influence this. Scopus, Transport Research International Documentation and Web of Science have been searched systematically for relevant articles, conference papers and books. After screening of titles and abstracts, 41 relevant publications were identified. Studies were included if they quantified the amount of walking (measured as either distance or time) that is directly related to the use of PT. Studies that quantified walking using general measures of daily physical activity or daily walking or that used stated preference designs were excluded. The PT systems considered in this paper are mass transport systems in urban areas, either road- or rail-based, with fixed schedules and stops. Demand responsive transport services, which can offer door-to-door travel, are not considered, as these systems can to a large extent eliminate the need to walk. In the identified publications, a large variety of walking distances and times have been reported, and these seem to be highly context-specific. The paper establishes the evidence for the wide range of factors that influence walking related to PT, which have been categorised as personal, PT-related, environmental, and journey-related. The different methods that have been used are discussed by critically analysing their advantages and limitations. Only a limited number of these methods used allow for an accurate assessment of the walking distances to and from PT. The paper concludes with suggestions for future research, such as a need for more accurate measurement of walking and research in different geographical areas to shed light on underlying influences of culture and climate. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 160-182 Issue: 2 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2019.1575491 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2019.1575491 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:2:p:160-182 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Julian Arellana Author-X-Name-First: Julian Author-X-Name-Last: Arellana Author-Name: María Saltarín Author-X-Name-First: María Author-X-Name-Last: Saltarín Author-Name: Ana Margarita Larrañaga Author-X-Name-First: Ana Margarita Author-X-Name-Last: Larrañaga Author-Name: Vilma Alvarez Author-X-Name-First: Vilma Author-X-Name-Last: Alvarez Author-Name: César Augusto Henao Author-X-Name-First: César Augusto Author-X-Name-Last: Henao Title: Urban walkability considering pedestrians’ perceptions of the built environment: a 10-year review and a case study in a medium-sized city in Latin America Abstract: Numerous methodologies measuring walkability have been developed over the last years. This paper reviews the Walkability Index (WI) literature of the last decade (2009–2018) and highlights some limitations in the current approaches. Only a few studies have evaluated walkability in Latin America, mainly in big cities but not in medium and small-sized cities in the region, which present their own urbanisation dynamics, security issues, sidewalk invasion problems, and poor planning. Furthermore, most WIs in the literature use objective mesoscale variables to assess walkability in a given area. This paper contributes to filling these gaps by generating new evidence from a medium-sized city in Latin America to question if characteristics of the built environment encourage walking trips, as found in the literature, are transferable among regions. The study also proposes a novel index comprised of microscale and mesoscale built environment variables to assess walkability using virtual tools and considering users’ perceptions. The WI estimation relies on ranking probability models. The results of the case study suggest that subjective Security and Traffic Safety are the most crucial factors influencing walkability in these kind of cities, which is different from what is found in the literature from cities in developed countries where Sidewalk Condition and Attractiveness are the most important factors. Security appeared to be strongly associated with a subjective dimension, represented by the fear of crime or perceived risk for crime, instead of the actual occurrence of crimes. This result evidences the importance of the physical attributes of the real world and how they are captured, judged, and processed by pedestrians. Then, regional transferability of WIs needs to be done carefully. Finally, results in this paper highlight the importance of microscale built environment characteristics in the WI formulation in these cities. Results are in line with other research in some cities of the region, which found that microscale variables such as pavement quality and presence of obstacles on the sidewalks are relevant components to promote walkability. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 183-203 Issue: 2 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2019.1703842 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2019.1703842 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:2:p:183-203 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dipanjan Nag Author-X-Name-First: Dipanjan Author-X-Name-Last: Nag Author-Name: Arkopal Kishore Goswami Author-X-Name-First: Arkopal Kishore Author-X-Name-Last: Goswami Author-Name: Ankit Gupta Author-X-Name-First: Ankit Author-X-Name-Last: Gupta Author-Name: Joy Sen Author-X-Name-First: Joy Author-X-Name-Last: Sen Title: Assessing urban sidewalk networks based on three constructs: a synthesis of pedestrian level of service literature Abstract: Pedestrian Level of Service (PLOS) models are widely used to assess walking facilities. These models have been in existence since the 1970s, wherein the process broadly consists of three steps, i.e. attribute selection, model calibration, and classification of model results into service-level categories, based on Measures of Effectiveness (MOEs). This paper reviews existing sidewalk PLOS studies based on their association with the three constructs of flow characteristics, built environment and users’ perception, which in combination represents the entire walking environment spectrum, as has been indicated by existing researchers. Forty-seven PLOS studies, along with eight review papers, written by authors from the Americas, Europe, Asia and Australia, between the years of 1971 and 2019, are analysed in this review. The review finds that although 49% of the studies employed both qualitative and quantitative data for their respective methodologies, but none of them use all the three broad constructs in a combined fashion. Also, in selecting the attributes to be used for developing the PLOS, these studies have only referred to previous literature available at that point in time, and not employed any consistent and robust method in selecting context-specific attributes. When it came to the preferred analysis technique, 60% of the studies favoured the use of the regression technique while calibrating their model, whereas 22% used a points-based marking scheme. Finally, 89% of the studies manually classifies the PLOS model results to respective service levels (i.e. letter grades), as opposed to utilising a classification algorithm. In addition, this review could identify only one paper that describes a PLOS based on pedestrian route directness, which is a measure of pedestrian network connectivity. In view of these findings, the review paper suggests the need of a robust methodology in selection of attributes and the use of innovative modelling techniques, both of which could allow the utilisation of all three constructs. Also, such advanced modelling techniques could bypass the need for categorising service levels manually. Finally, the study advocates the use of network connectivity measures in developing sidewalk PLOS, as it is an important part of the built environment. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 204-240 Issue: 2 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2019.1703841 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2019.1703841 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:2:p:204-240 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bramka Arga Jafino Author-X-Name-First: Bramka Arga Author-X-Name-Last: Jafino Author-Name: Jan Kwakkel Author-X-Name-First: Jan Author-X-Name-Last: Kwakkel Author-Name: Alexander Verbraeck Author-X-Name-First: Alexander Author-X-Name-Last: Verbraeck Title: Transport network criticality metrics: a comparative analysis and a guideline for selection Abstract: Transport network criticality analysis aims at ranking transport infrastructure elements based on their contribution to the performance of the overall infrastructure network. Despite the wide variety of transport network criticality metrics, little guidance is available on selecting metrics that are fit for the specific purpose of a study. To address this gap, this study reviews, evaluates and compares seventeen criticality metrics. First, we conceptually evaluate these metrics in terms of the functionality of the transport system that the metrics try to represent (either maintaining connectivity, reducing travel cost, or improving accessibility), the underlying ethical principles (either utilitarianism or egalitarianism), and the spatial aggregation considered by the metrics (either network-wide or localised). Next, we empirically compare the metrics by calculating them for eight transport networks. We define the empirical similarity between two metrics as the degree to which they yield similar rankings of infrastructure elements. Pairs of metrics that have high empirical similarity highlight the same set of transport infrastructure elements as critical. We find that empirical similarity is partly dependent on the network’s topology. We also observe that metrics that are conceptually similar do not necessarily have high empirical similarity. Based on the insights from the conceptual and empirical comparison, we propose a five-step guideline for transport authorities and analysts to identify the set of criticality metrics to use which best aligns with the nature of their policy questions. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 241-264 Issue: 2 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2019.1703843 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2019.1703843 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:2:p:241-264 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David A. Hensher Author-X-Name-First: David A. Author-X-Name-Last: Hensher Title: Electric cars – they may in time increase car use without effective road pricing reform and risk lifecycle carbon emission increases Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 265-266 Issue: 3 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1709273 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1709273 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:3:p:265-266 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xiaodong Guan Author-X-Name-First: Xiaodong Author-X-Name-Last: Guan Author-Name: Donggen Wang Author-X-Name-First: Donggen Author-X-Name-Last: Wang Author-Name: Xinyu Jason Cao Author-X-Name-First: Xinyu Author-X-Name-Last: Jason Cao Title: The role of residential self-selection in land use-travel research: a review of recent findings Abstract: Residential self-selection (RSS) is an important concern in the land use-travel research. Although many studies have addressed RSS during the past two decades, empirical results are inconsistent in terms of the existence, magnitude, and direction of self-selection bias. Moreover, recent studies substantiated other plausible associations within the theoretical framework of RSS, such as the endogeneity of travel attitudes. These further complicate the role of RSS in the land use-travel relationship. To improve understanding, this paper summarises recent progress in the RSS research, especially the studies published in the last decade. Specifically, we review three types of influences among the built environment, attitudes, and travel behaviour, and discuss unsolved problems within each type. We also discuss measurement issues of the built environment and attitudes in the RSS research. Because attitudes could be confounders, moderators, and mediators of the link between the built environment and travel behaviour, we recommend panel data with at least three waves of household travel surveys to address the complicated influences of attitudes. Future research needs to be more process-oriented to better understand the nature of RSS and its complex roles in the land use-travel research. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 267-287 Issue: 3 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2019.1692965 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2019.1692965 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:3:p:267-287 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anil NP Koushik Author-X-Name-First: Anil NP Author-X-Name-Last: Koushik Author-Name: M. Manoj Author-X-Name-First: M. Author-X-Name-Last: Manoj Author-Name: N. Nezamuddin Author-X-Name-First: N. Author-X-Name-Last: Nezamuddin Title: Machine learning applications in activity-travel behaviour research: a review Abstract: This paper reviews the activity-travel behaviour literature that employs Machine Learning (ML) techniques for empirical analysis and modelling. Machine Learning algorithms, which attempt to build intelligence utilizing the availability of large amounts of data, have emerged as powerful tools in the fields of pattern recognition and big data analysis. These techniques have been applied in activity-travel behaviour studies since the early ’90s when Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) were employed to model mode choice decisions. AMOS, an activity-based modelling system developed in the mid-’90s, has ANN at its core to model and predict individual responses to travel demand management measures. In the dawn of 2000, ALBATROSS, a comprehensive activity-based travel demand modelling system, was proposed by Arentze and Timmermans using Decision Trees. Since then researchers have been exploring ML techniques like Support Vector Machines (SVM), Decision Trees (DT), Neural Networks (NN), Bayes Classifiers, and more recently, Ensemble Learners to model and predict activity-travel behaviour. A large number of publications over the years and an upward trend in the number of published articles over time indicate that Machine Learning is a promising tool for activity-travel behaviour analysis and prediction. This article, first of its kind in the literature, reviews these studies and explores the trends in activity-travel behaviour research that apply ML techniques. The review finds that mode choice decisions have received wide attention in the literature on ML applications. It was observed that most of the studies identify the lack of interpretability as a serious shortcoming in ML techniques. However, very few studies have attempted to improve the interpretability of the models. Further, some studies report the importance of feature engineering in ML-based studies, but very few studies adopt feature engineering before model development. Spatiotemporal transferability of models is another issue that has received minimal attention in the literature. In the end, the paper discusses possible directions for future research in the area of activity-travel behaviour modelling using ML techniques. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 288-311 Issue: 3 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2019.1704307 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2019.1704307 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:3:p:288-311 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Francisco Calderón Author-X-Name-First: Francisco Author-X-Name-Last: Calderón Author-Name: Eric J. Miller Author-X-Name-First: Eric J. Author-X-Name-Last: Miller Title: A literature review of mobility services: definitions, modelling state-of-the-art, and key considerations for a conceptual modelling framework Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive literature review focused on the supply side of mobility services, providing relevant insights at the conceptual, operational, and modelling levels. Definitions are first drawn from the Mobility as a Service paradigm due to its predominance in the literature. This is followed by an assessment of the operational features of a range of mobility services, including carsharing, bikesharing, ridehailing, and demand responsive transit. To conclude the review, the state-of-the-art in modelling approaches for mobility services is reported, at different levels of complexity and integration. Three of the most important findings and arguments from this paper suggest that a high degree of generality exists for operational features of mobility services; that it is essential to make a distinction between Mobility as a Service and a mobility service in isolation; along with the argument that human agency should be carefully considered in modelling efforts, both for user agent and driver agent decision-making processes. Finally, key considerations are proposed for the future development of a conceptual framework for modelling the supply side of mobility services, which would have a generic service provider model as its core component. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 312-332 Issue: 3 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2019.1704916 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2019.1704916 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:3:p:312-332 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zheyan Chen Author-X-Name-First: Zheyan Author-X-Name-Last: Chen Author-Name: Dea van Lierop Author-X-Name-First: Dea Author-X-Name-Last: van Lierop Author-Name: Dick Ettema Author-X-Name-First: Dick Author-X-Name-Last: Ettema Title: Dockless bike-sharing systems: what are the implications? Abstract: The emergence of dockless bike-sharing services has revolutionised bike-sharing markets in recent years, and the dramatic growth of shared bike fleets in China, as well as their rapid expansion throughout the world, exceeds prior expectations. An understanding of the impacts of these new dockless bike-sharing systems is of vital importance for system operations, transportation and urban planning research. This paper provides a first overview of the emerging literature on implications of dockless bike-sharing systems for users' travel behaviour, user experience, and relevant social impacts of dockless bike-sharing systems. Our review suggests that the dockless design of bike-sharing systems significantly improves users' experiences at the end of their bike trips. Individuals can instantly switch to a dockless shared bike without the responsibility of returning it back to a designated dock. Additionally, the high flexibility and efficiency of dockless bike-sharing often makes the bike-sharing systems' integration with public transit even tighter than that of traditional public bikes, providing an efficient option for first/last-mile trips. The GPS tracking device embedded in each dockless shared bike enables the unprecedented collection of large-scale riding trajectory data, which allow scholars to analyse people's travel behaviour in new ways. Although many studies have investigated travel satisfaction amongst cyclists, there is a lack of knowledge of the satisfaction with bikeshare trips, including both station-based and dockless bikeshare systems. The availability and usage rates of dockless bike-sharing systems implies that they may seriously impact on individuals' subjective well-being by influencing their satisfaction with their travel experiences, health and social participation, which requires further exploration. The impact of dockless bike-sharing on users' access to services and social activities and the related decreases in social exclusion are also relevant issues about which knowledge is lacking. With the increases in popularity of dockless shared bikes in some cities, issues related to the equity and access and the implications for social exclusion and inequality are also raised. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 333-353 Issue: 3 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2019.1710306 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2019.1710306 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:3:p:333-353 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Giovanni Vecchio Author-X-Name-First: Giovanni Author-X-Name-Last: Vecchio Author-Name: Ignacio Tiznado-Aitken Author-X-Name-First: Ignacio Author-X-Name-Last: Tiznado-Aitken Author-Name: Ricardo Hurtubia Author-X-Name-First: Ricardo Author-X-Name-Last: Hurtubia Title: Transport and equity in Latin America: a critical review of socially oriented accessibility assessments Abstract: A growing concern for mobility-related social inclusion and equity is evident from both academic research and planning best practices. Scholarly research promotes accessibility as the main aim of transport planning, assuming it as the evaluative approach that better conveys how mobility contributes to individuals' well-being and participation in social life. Accessibility can be crucial to address the socio-spatial inequalities that characterise manifold settings across the world. Amongst them, Latin American countries have been keen in tackling such imbalances through mobility-related interventions, as the renowned cases of Curitiba, Medellin and Bogotá show. The widespread interest in mobility as both a cause and effect of social disparities has generated an increasing stream of work that examines Latin American settings through the lenses of accessibility. This paper aims at critically reviewing the growing scholarly works that, providing accessibility-based evaluations, has examined issues of transport and equity in Latin America. Proposing a novel conceptual framework that considers the underlying ethical stance, components of accessibility and implications for planning and policy, this work examines what approaches, features and indicators are present in the current literature, as well as what settings have been taken into consideration by scholarly research. Moreover, the review has an explicit operational interest, to define what indicators are relevant or missing to assess accessibility in the light of social concerns, as well as to consider the current and potential implications that such research findings have on transport planning and policy. The review highlights how a growing but still limited body of work has examined transport and equity in Latin America, suggesting academic, technical and operational avenues to enhance theoretical and practical approaches to the issue. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 354-381 Issue: 3 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1711828 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1711828 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:3:p:354-381 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zeeshan Raza Author-X-Name-First: Zeeshan Author-X-Name-Last: Raza Author-Name: Martin Svanberg Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Svanberg Author-Name: Bart Wiegmans Author-X-Name-First: Bart Author-X-Name-Last: Wiegmans Title: Modal shift from road haulage to short sea shipping: a systematic literature review and research directions Abstract: Modal shift from road haulage to short sea shipping (SSS) has been advocated by authorities and researchers for more than two decades. This paper provides a review of literature on modal shift and pinpoints paths for future research on topics in six categories: (1) factors influencing SSS competitiveness, (2) the policy-oriented perspective, (3) environmental legislation, (4) SSS performance, (5) port characteristics, and (6) the multi-agent perspective. In particular, we propose first, in evaluating the performance of SSS versus road haulage in different trade corridors, three performance-related dimensions – the economic dimension (e.g. external costs), the environmental dimension, and the dimension of service quality – should be considered. Second, researchers should use rich, real-world, numerical data and operational research techniques to identify the relative importance of individual drivers and barriers for a modal shift from road haulage to SSS. Third proposed direction is related to assessing which groups of actors certain policies should target. In doing so, researchers should extend their policy-related focus beyond the European Union, which has long encompassed the major geopolitical scope of research on the modal shift. Fourth, to moderate the adverse impact of environmental legislation on SSS, strategic solutions need to be identified. Fifth, we also suggest that the influence of contingencies, particularly port strikes and cyberattacks, on SSS operations and approaches for managing them should be investigated. Sixth, the economic and financial advantages of coordination and alliance for each transport chain agent need to be evaluated. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 382-406 Issue: 3 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1714789 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1714789 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:3:p:382-406 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bert van Wee Author-X-Name-First: Bert Author-X-Name-Last: van Wee Title: Are all paper citations equal? Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 407-410 Issue: 4 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1726104 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1726104 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:4:p:407-410 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ing-Marie Gren Author-X-Name-First: Ing-Marie Author-X-Name-Last: Gren Author-Name: Andreas Brutemark Author-X-Name-First: Andreas Author-X-Name-Last: Brutemark Author-Name: Annika K. Jägerbrand Author-X-Name-First: Annika K. Author-X-Name-Last: Jägerbrand Author-Name: Jennie Barthel Svedén Author-X-Name-First: Jennie Barthel Author-X-Name-Last: Svedén Title: Costs of air pollutants from shipping: a meta-regression analysis Abstract: This study estimated the external cost of air pollution from shipping by means of a meta-regression analysis, which has not been made before. Three pollutants, which were included in most of the primary studies, were considered: nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur dioxides (SO2) and particulate matters with a diameter of max 2.5 micrometres (PM2.5). All primary studies included damages of health and a majority added impacts on agriculture and estimated the cost of air pollutants by transferring cost estimates from studies on costs of air emissions from transports in Europe. Different regression models and estimators were used and robust results were found of statistically significant emission elasticities of below one, i.e. total external costs increase by less than 1% when emissions increase by 1%. There was a small variation between the pollutants, with the highest elasticity for PM2.5 and lowest for NOx. Calculations of the marginal external cost of the pollutants showed the same pattern, with this cost being approximately six times higher for PM2.5 than for the other pollutants. Common to all pollutants was that the marginal external cost decreases when emission increases. Another robust result was a significant increase in the cost of studies published in journals compared with other publication outlets. These findings point out some caution when transferring constant external unit cost of air pollutant from shipping, which is much applied in the literature, and the cost functions estimated in this study could thus provide a complementary transfer mechanism. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 411-428 Issue: 4 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1723733 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1723733 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:4:p:411-428 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jacek Pawlak Author-X-Name-First: Jacek Author-X-Name-Last: Pawlak Title: Travel-based multitasking: review of the role of digital activities and connectivity Abstract: Travel-based multitasking, also referred to as travel time use, is now a well-established concept, whose existence is supported by the technological trajectories, with mobile information and communication technologies (ICT) and vehicle automation working together to allow travel time to be more productive and enjoyable. Despite existence of reviews of travel-time multitasking studies, the systematic overview of the role digital activities, i.e. those that necessarily require modern ICT equipment to participate, has been limited, often wrapped under the umbrella term “use of ICT”, potentially obscuring their complexity and sophistication. Similarly, the role of connectivity and its attributes, e.g. speed (bandwidth), reliability, price, ease of use, data allowance or security, deserves a more systematic overview given its key role in enabling digital online activities and hence the travel-based multitasking options. This paper provides a review of 77 empirical travel-based multitasking-studies that explored the role of digital activities or connectivity. In particular, the review discusses the existing typologies of digital activities, dividing them into hardware-centric, function-centric or a combination of both (mixed). Subsequently, key contributions are discussed with respect to the treatment of digital activities and connectivity and its attributes. Based on the review, it is possible to observe that the existing studies have looked only at a handful of rather restricted online activities that do not sufficiently capture the sophistication with which individuals interact with the virtual world nowadays. Furthermore, the role of connectivity, although deeply embedded in the “C” of the “ICT” concept, has not been looked at or modelled in any detail in studies related to travel time use or its quality. This existing shortcoming might have resulted in an insufficient understanding of the mechanisms driving travel time use, the associated experience indicators of customer satisfaction, productivity or the consequences for relative attractiveness of transport modes. All of these considerations remain, however, crucial for designing, appraising and operating transport infrastructure and services that are able to take the advantage of lifestyle digitisation to meet the increasing customer needs while also delivering broader economic, social benefits and possibly also environmental benefits. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 429-456 Issue: 4 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1728418 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1728418 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:4:p:429-456 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nikola Bešinović Author-X-Name-First: Nikola Author-X-Name-Last: Bešinović Title: Resilience in railway transport systems: a literature review and research agenda Abstract: Critical infrastructure networks, such as transport and power networks, are essential for the functioning of a society and economy. The rising transport demand increases the congestion in railway networks and thus they become more interdependent and more complex to operate. Also, an increasing number of disruptions due to system failures as well as climate changes can be expected in the future. As a consequence, many trains are cancelled and excessively delayed, and thus, many passengers are not reaching their destinations which compromises customers need for mobility. Currently, there is a rising need to quantify impacts of disruptions and the evolution of system performance. This review paper aims to set-up a field-specific definition of resilience in railway transport and gives a comprehensive, up-to-date review of railway resilience papers. The focus is on quantitative approaches. The review analyses peer-reviewed papers in Web of Science and Scopus from January 2008 to August 2019. The results show a steady increase of the number of published papers in recent years. The review classifies resilience metrics and approaches. It has been recognised that system-based metrics tend to better capture effects on transport services and transport demand. Also, mathematical optimization shows a great potential to assess and improve resilience of railway systems. Alternatively, data-driven approaches could be potentially used for detailed ex-post analysis of past disruptions. Finally, several rising future scientific topics are identified, spanning from learning from historical data, to considering interdependent critical systems and community resilience. Practitioners can also benefit from the review to understand a common terminology, recognise possible applications for assessing and designing resilient railway transport systems. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 457-478 Issue: 4 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1728419 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1728419 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:4:p:457-478 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yimeng Chen Author-X-Name-First: Yimeng Author-X-Name-Last: Chen Author-Name: Cheng-Lung Wu Author-X-Name-First: Cheng-Lung Author-X-Name-Last: Wu Author-Name: Tay T.R. Koo Author-X-Name-First: Tay T.R. Author-X-Name-Last: Koo Author-Name: Ian Douglas Author-X-Name-First: Ian Author-X-Name-Last: Douglas Title: Determinants of airport retail revenue: a review of literature Abstract: As the airport retail industry continues to grow due to increasing travel demands, airport operators are increasingly developing their retail revenue potential to ensure financial viability. This study aims to provide a review of airport retail literature and identify the salient factors associated with passenger shopping behaviour. The paper presents a review of contemporary airport retail literature, covering a total of 50 studies from 1998 to 2018. The review identified 26 factors, which could broadly be grouped into five categories: airport/operator related; passengers' demographic related; passengers’ travel related; passengers’ psychological related and passengers’ resources related. In addition to providing a summary of the statistically significant factors across studies, the review identifies and discusses potential approaches for future research. These include the importance of considering both “to spend or not” decision and how much to spend and how most empirical studies focussed on the former; the gap in empirical analysis on the impact of airport terminal design layout on retail performance; and the gap in application of general consumer shopping behavioural models to airport retail problems. The paper concludes with the suggestion that we can build on the existing studies to develop a hybrid approach to solve several of the identified gaps simultaneously. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 479-505 Issue: 4 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1738586 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1738586 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:4:p:479-505 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fangni Zhang Author-X-Name-First: Fangni Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang Author-Name: Daniel J. Graham Author-X-Name-First: Daniel J. Author-X-Name-Last: Graham Title: Air transport and economic growth: a review of the impact mechanism and causal relationships Abstract: The impacts of air transport on the economy arise both directly, via activity in the aviation sector; and indirectly, via increased spending and wider economic benefits associated with improved access to resources, markets, technology and economic mass. Economic activity, in turn, supports and generates demand for air transport. Despite its potential importance, the reciprocal nature of the causal relationship between air transport and economic performance has remained somewhat understudied. This paper provides a synthesis review of the channels the aviation sector interacts with regional economy. The review focuses on quantitative studies that contribute to the state-of-the-art understandings of the causality. We find that the reciprocal causal relationship is more likely to prevail in less developed economies. For more developed economies, only one direction of the causality is recognised, which runs from air transport to economic growth. Especially substantial is the effect of airline enplanement on service-related employment. The reverse direction of the relationship is, however, not as significant as believed in a causal sense within the developed world. Therefore, cautions need to be taken when applying income elasticities (such as the elasticity of air passenger demand with respect to GDP) in air travel demand forecasting, which implicitly assumes that economic growth causally leads to air traffic increment. Based on the fundamental links between air transport and economic growth, some typical imperfections and inefficiencies in aviation markets are discussed and promising avenues for future research are proposed. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 506-528 Issue: 4 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1738587 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1738587 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:4:p:506-528 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lele Zhang Author-X-Name-First: Lele Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang Author-Name: Zhongqi Yuan Author-X-Name-First: Zhongqi Author-X-Name-Last: Yuan Author-Name: Li Yang Author-X-Name-First: Li Author-X-Name-Last: Yang Author-Name: Zhiyuan Liu Author-X-Name-First: Zhiyuan Author-X-Name-Last: Liu Title: Recent developments in traffic flow modeling using macroscopic fundamental diagram Abstract: This paper presents an overview of the recent developments in traffic flow modelling and analysis using macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) as well as their applications. In recent literature, various aggregated traffic models have been proposed and studied to analyse traffic flow while enhancing network efficiency. Many of these studies have focused on models based on MFD that describes the relationship between aggregated flow and aggregated density of transport networks. The analysis of MFD has been carried out based on experimental data collected from sensors and GPS, as well as simulation models. Several factors are found to influence the existence and shape of MFD, including traffic demand, network and signal settings, and route choices. As MFD can well express the traffic dynamics of large urban transport networks, it has been extensively applied to traffic studies, including the development of network-wide control strategies, network partitioning, performance evaluation, and road pricing. This work also presents future extensions and research directions for MFD-based traffic modelling and applications. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 529-550 Issue: 4 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1743918 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1743918 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:4:p:529-550 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David A. Hensher Author-X-Name-First: David A. Author-X-Name-Last: Hensher Title: What might Covid-19 mean for mobility as a service (MaaS)? Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 551-556 Issue: 5 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1770487 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1770487 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:5:p:551-556 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fahimeh Khalaj Author-X-Name-First: Fahimeh Author-X-Name-Last: Khalaj Author-Name: Dorina Pojani Author-X-Name-First: Dorina Author-X-Name-Last: Pojani Author-Name: Neil Sipe Author-X-Name-First: Neil Author-X-Name-Last: Sipe Author-Name: Jonathan Corcoran Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan Author-X-Name-Last: Corcoran Title: Why are cities removing their freeways? A systematic review of the literature Abstract: A scientific consensus has recently emerged suggesting that the dominant twentieth century paradigm of solving transportation congestion problems by building more freeways failed. The legacy of the freeway construction era is clearly visible in polluted and congested cities worldwide. To battle these ills, planning academics have been promoting more sustainable built form aligned with dedicated public/active transport provision. Partly as a result of the push coming from academia, a number of cities have sought to remove their freeways and replace the freed up space with alternate transport infrastructure, such as streets and boulevards. To discern if the transportation planning profession is currently undergoing a paradigm shift or whether freeway removal is merely a temporary fad, we have conducted a systematic review of the literature. In this article, we unpack the underlying reasons which have led some cities to removing their freeways. Results reveal that a paradigm shift has arguably not yet taken place in transportation planning. While many cities are creating human-scale and active transport spaces, currently these spaces tend to coexist alongside freeways. American cities, which were once the pioneers of freeway construction, appear to be lagging behind cities in Europe and Asia in this respect. If the current pace of freeway removal continues, it may take a few decades before the transportation planners, politicians, policy makers, and communities adopt radically different norms, methods, and goals. However, a radical approach may need to be taken sooner given alarming global warming predictions. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 557-580 Issue: 5 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1743919 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1743919 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:5:p:557-580 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Sivanandham Author-X-Name-First: S. Author-X-Name-Last: Sivanandham Author-Name: M. S. Gajanand Author-X-Name-First: M. S. Author-X-Name-Last: Gajanand Title: Platooning for sustainable freight transportation: an adoptable practice in the near future? Abstract: Platooning is an emerging transportation practice that has the potential to solve the problems of the burgeoning transportation industry. A platoon is a group of vehicles, with vehicle to vehicle communication, that travel closely behind one another such that the platoon can accelerate, brake and cruise together. Platoons can improve road safety, be energy efficient and reduce costs. Its complete socio-economic benefits include congestion mitigation, smoother traffic flow, better lane usage and throughput, incentives for green logistics and driver safety. The long-term effect of platooning on road transportation, if extensively deployed, would be better organised traffic flow and efficient tracking of vehicles on the road ushering a multilevel positive impact on the industry. In this study, we attempt to answer the critical question of whether platooning is an adoptable practice in the near future and discuss an agenda to take platooning closer to implementation on the ground by highlighting the opportunities for future research. We also present a conceptual framework to help researchers, academicians, policy makers and practitioners for the adoption of platooning into the transportation industry. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 581-606 Issue: 5 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1747568 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1747568 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:5:p:581-606 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jeroen Bastiaanssen Author-X-Name-First: Jeroen Author-X-Name-Last: Bastiaanssen Author-Name: Daniel Johnson Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Author-X-Name-Last: Johnson Author-Name: Karen Lucas Author-X-Name-First: Karen Author-X-Name-Last: Lucas Title: Does transport help people to gain employment? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the empirical evidence Abstract: The role of transport in providing access to employment has received considerable attention. Since transport policies may be motivated by assumed effects on employment probability outcomes, it is important to establish the nature of the relationship between transport and employment outcomes. While the majority of the empirical evidence suggests a positive association, it is not conclusive or consistent and often shows mixed results. To address this confusion, our study has systematically reviewed this evidence base and synthesised it through meta-analysis. We first identified 93 studies that quantitatively assessed the impact of transport on employment outcomes. By systematically merging the empirical evidence, this study establishes a positive association between transport and employment outcomes, with varying effects for four identified categories of transport measures (or combinations thereof): car ownership, public transport access, commute times, and job accessibility levels. This positive association persists in studies that control for endogeneity between transport and employment, but a larger evidence base is needed to establish a more robust relationship, in particular for cities and smaller (rural) areas outside the US-context and with regard to public transport. We then selected 20 methodologically comparable studies for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Our meta-regression models clearly demonstrate that car ownership significantly increases individual employment probabilities, in particular among welfare recipients. Young drivers benefit from access to household cars when these are not in use by their parents, and they are more sensitive to the time and cost implications of longer commutes. While our systematic review suggests that better access to public transport and higher levels of job accessibility increases employment probabilities, meta-regression analysis requires more consistent transport measures. The findings in this study are important for policymakers in that they imply that job seekers may benefit from public policies targeted at improving their access to public transport, in particular for people without access to cars and in areas with fewer job opportunities. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 607-628 Issue: 5 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1747569 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1747569 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:5:p:607-628 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wenjie Wu Author-X-Name-First: Wenjie Author-X-Name-Last: Wu Author-Name: Siqi Zheng Author-X-Name-First: Siqi Author-X-Name-Last: Zheng Author-Name: Bing Wang Author-X-Name-First: Bing Author-X-Name-Last: Wang Author-Name: Minzhe Du Author-X-Name-First: Minzhe Author-X-Name-Last: Du Title: Impacts of rail transit access on land and housing values in China: a quantitative synthesis Abstract: Rail transit investment has been viewed as a prominent policy instrument for local and regional development. However, little is known about to what extent the theorised changes in land and housing values arising from rail transit access can be substantiated by evidence in a large developing country context. This paper presents a quantitative review of empirical studies that analysed the impacts of rail transit access on land and housing values in China. We review empirical analyses in 67 studies from 1997 to 2018 for which we encode quantitative results along with a range of theoretically combinations of spatially contextual characteristics, data and methodological-design characteristics. The results show that there are significant variations in the size estimates of effects of rail transit access across studies. Such variations are associated with rail project types, data and methodological designs. Our study provides the insights on what has already been known and what needs to be known on evaluating real estate consequences of rail transit improvements in developing countries. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 629-645 Issue: 5 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1747570 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1747570 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:5:p:629-645 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mike Prescott Author-X-Name-First: Mike Author-X-Name-Last: Prescott Author-Name: Delphine Labbé Author-X-Name-First: Delphine Author-X-Name-Last: Labbé Author-Name: William C. Miller Author-X-Name-First: William C. Author-X-Name-Last: Miller Author-Name: Jaimie Borisoff Author-X-Name-First: Jaimie Author-X-Name-Last: Borisoff Author-Name: Robert Feick Author-X-Name-First: Robert Author-X-Name-Last: Feick Author-Name: William Ben Mortenson Author-X-Name-First: William Ben Author-X-Name-Last: Mortenson Title: Factors that affect the ability of people with disabilities to walk or wheel to destinations in their community: a scoping review Abstract: It is essential that the pedestrian environment accommodates all users so they can participate in everything the community has to offer. However, people with disabilities (PWDs) often find it difficult to navigate this environment because of physical and social accessibility factors. While we know a great deal about which factors act as barriers and facilitators to mobility, we do not know enough about how they influence navigation (i.e. planning a route, en route decisions, and route learning) or how they can be improved. A scoping review was conducted to identify these factors, assess their implications, and suggest future directions. In total, 3394 studies were found and screened, 163 full-text articles were reviewed, and 37 articles met the inclusion criteria for the final review. These studies focused on those with visual impairments, navigating crosswalks, and the cognitive elements of navigation. Future research is needed that includes more types of disabilities, considers the navigational process from planning to arrival, and evaluates interventions. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 646-669 Issue: 5 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1748139 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1748139 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:5:p:646-669 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Li Meng Author-X-Name-First: Li Author-X-Name-Last: Meng Author-Name: Sekhar Somenahalli Author-X-Name-First: Sekhar Author-X-Name-Last: Somenahalli Author-Name: Stephen Berry Author-X-Name-First: Stephen Author-X-Name-Last: Berry Title: Policy implementation of multi-modal (shared) mobility: review of a supply-demand value proposition canvas Abstract: Urban mobility options have increased in recent years, assisted by the widespread availability of smart device software apps, geo-positioning technology, and convenient electronic financial transactions. Multi-modal shared mobility consists of public transit systems and shared mobilities that support first/last mile travel, denoting the capability of Mobility as a Service (MaaS), and to stimulate additional non-private car travel demand. This paper reviews the supply and demand sides of implementation of multi-modal shared mobility. It found that an abundance of shared modes of car, bike, and e-scooter that are linked to public transport, can improve transport accessibility to meet specific public preferences, reduce social inequality, and minimise dilemmas from the demand side. This study introduces government policy innovations and other supporting system to improve the implementation of multi-modal shared mobility. Government policies play a key role in supporting shared mobility and technology development. However, governments do not have much information about new products such as shared mobility, which creates difficulties in subsidising multi-modal shared mobility services and potentially leads to policy failures around shared mobility schemes. This study suggests that policy entrepreneurship in collaboration with other partners, policy innovation, and the notions of merit goods and second-best policymaking can enable policy initiatives towards multi-modal shared mobility and provide supporting arguments if policies encounter failures. Implementing multi-modal shared mobility requires a collaborative partnership for a paradigm shift: service providers and government must jointly set a merit-based business model, with the support of organisations to achieve improved infrastructure provision, and smart technology applications. The findings will assist the community, business providers and government policymakers to promote multi-modal shared mobility as a pathway towards more efficient, environmentally sustainable, and socially responsive mobility solutions. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 670-684 Issue: 5 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1758237 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1758237 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:5:p:670-684 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tom van Vuren Author-X-Name-First: Tom Author-X-Name-Last: van Vuren Title: The 30-Minute City: Designing for Access Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 685-686 Issue: 5 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1747571 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1747571 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:5:p:685-686 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nihan Akyelken Author-X-Name-First: Nihan Author-X-Name-Last: Akyelken Title: Transport for women: who decides what women need? Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 687-688 Issue: 6 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1799162 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1799162 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:6:p:687-688 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lele Zhang Author-X-Name-First: Lele Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang Author-Name: Zhongqi Yuan Author-X-Name-First: Zhongqi Author-X-Name-Last: Yuan Author-Name: Li Yang Author-X-Name-First: Li Author-X-Name-Last: Yang Author-Name: Zhiyuan Liu Author-X-Name-First: Zhiyuan Author-X-Name-Last: Liu Title: Recent developments in traffic flow modelling using macroscopic fundamental diagram Abstract: This paper presents an overview of the recent developments in traffic flow modelling and analysis using macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) as well as their applications. In recent literature, various aggregated traffic models have been proposed and studied to analyze traffic flow while enhancing network efficiency. Many of these studies have focused on models based on MFD that describes the relationship between aggregated flow and aggregated density of transport networks. The analysis of MFD has been carried out based on experimental data collected from sensors and GPS, as well as simulation models. Several factors are found to influence the existence and shape of MFD, including traffic demand, network and signal settings, and route choices. As MFD can well express the traffic dynamics of large urban transport networks, it has been extensively applied to traffic studies, including the development of network-wide control strategies, network partitioning, performance evaluation, and road pricing. This work also presents future extensions and research directions for MFD-based traffic modelling and applications. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 689-710 Issue: 6 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1738588 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1738588 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:6:p:689-710 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Felix Creutzig Author-X-Name-First: Felix Author-X-Name-Last: Creutzig Author-Name: Aneeque Javaid Author-X-Name-First: Aneeque Author-X-Name-Last: Javaid Author-Name: Zakia Soomauroo Author-X-Name-First: Zakia Author-X-Name-Last: Soomauroo Author-Name: Steffen Lohrey Author-X-Name-First: Steffen Author-X-Name-Last: Lohrey Author-Name: Nikola Milojevic-Dupont Author-X-Name-First: Nikola Author-X-Name-Last: Milojevic-Dupont Author-Name: Anjali Ramakrishnan Author-X-Name-First: Anjali Author-X-Name-Last: Ramakrishnan Author-Name: Mahendra Sethi Author-X-Name-First: Mahendra Author-X-Name-Last: Sethi Author-Name: Lijing Liu Author-X-Name-First: Lijing Author-X-Name-Last: Liu Author-Name: Leila Niamir Author-X-Name-First: Leila Author-X-Name-Last: Niamir Author-Name: Christopher Bren d’Amour Author-X-Name-First: Christopher Author-X-Name-Last: Bren d’Amour Author-Name: Ulf Weddige Author-X-Name-First: Ulf Author-X-Name-Last: Weddige Author-Name: Dominic Lenzi Author-X-Name-First: Dominic Author-X-Name-Last: Lenzi Author-Name: Martin Kowarsch Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Kowarsch Author-Name: Luisa Arndt Author-X-Name-First: Luisa Author-X-Name-Last: Arndt Author-Name: Lulzim Baumann Author-X-Name-First: Lulzim Author-X-Name-Last: Baumann Author-Name: Jody Betzien Author-X-Name-First: Jody Author-X-Name-Last: Betzien Author-Name: Lesly Fonkwa Author-X-Name-First: Lesly Author-X-Name-Last: Fonkwa Author-Name: Bettina Huber Author-X-Name-First: Bettina Author-X-Name-Last: Huber Author-Name: Ernesto Mendez Author-X-Name-First: Ernesto Author-X-Name-Last: Mendez Author-Name: Alexandra Misiou Author-X-Name-First: Alexandra Author-X-Name-Last: Misiou Author-Name: Cameron Pearce Author-X-Name-First: Cameron Author-X-Name-Last: Pearce Author-Name: Paula Radman Author-X-Name-First: Paula Author-X-Name-Last: Radman Author-Name: Paul Skaloud Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Skaloud Author-Name: J. Marco Zausch Author-X-Name-First: J. Marco Author-X-Name-Last: Zausch Title: Fair street space allocation: ethical principles and empirical insights Abstract: Urban street space is increasingly contested. However, it is unclear what a fair street space allocation would look like. We develop a framework of ten ethical principles and three normative perspectives on street space – streets for transport, streets for sustainability, and streets as place – and discuss 14 derived street space allocation mechanisms. We contrast these ethically grounded allocation mechanisms with real-world allocation in 18 streets in Berlin. We find that car users, on average, had 3.5 times more space available than non-car users. While some allocation mechanisms are more plausible than others, none is without disputed normative implications. All of the ethical principles, however, suggest that on-street parking for cars is difficult to justify, and that cycling deserves more space. We argue that ethical principles should be systematically integrated into urban and transport planning. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 711-733 Issue: 6 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1762795 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1762795 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:6:p:711-733 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luca Bertolini Author-X-Name-First: Luca Author-X-Name-Last: Bertolini Title: From “streets for traffic” to “streets for people”: can street experiments transform urban mobility? Abstract: Despite their growing application and worldwide diffusion, the transformative potential of experiments aimed at achieving “streets for people” rather than “streets for traffic” remains largely under researched. There is little to no comparative assessment of already existing experiments, and no critical reflection on their specific added value for systemic change. Building from a literature review and discussion, this paper aims to fill this gap by addressing the following questions: Which types of city street experiments have been undertaken in the pursuit of the vision of “streets for people” instead of “streets for traffic”? What are their backgrounds, main characteristics, and reported impacts? And perhaps most importantly: How can these city street experiments trigger systemic change in urban mobility? These elements are detailed per experiment type, in order of ascending functional complexity: the re-marking of streets, the re-purposing of car parking, the re-purposing of sections of streets, and the re-purposing of entire streets. Illustrative examples from practice include intersection repairs, parklets, the pavement to plazas programme, play streets, ciclovias and open streets. The reviewed literature documents positive impacts on physical activity, active transportation, safety and social interaction and capital, and more mixed impacts on business activity. While street experiments aim to create fundamentally different arrangements of urban mobility, their potential as triggers of a greater systemic change is unclear. This paper uses the defining characteristics of “transition experiments” – a concept derived from the field of transition studies – to develop and illustrate a framework to assess this transformative potential. In the conclusions, the review and assessment framework are used to sketch a research and policy agenda for this increasingly topical phenomenon. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 734-753 Issue: 6 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1761907 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1761907 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:6:p:734-753 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elisabeth Rubie Author-X-Name-First: Elisabeth Author-X-Name-Last: Rubie Author-Name: Narelle Haworth Author-X-Name-First: Narelle Author-X-Name-Last: Haworth Author-Name: Divera Twisk Author-X-Name-First: Divera Author-X-Name-Last: Twisk Author-Name: Naohide Yamamoto Author-X-Name-First: Naohide Author-X-Name-Last: Yamamoto Title: Influences on lateral passing distance when motor vehicles overtake bicycles: a systematic literature review Abstract: Cyclists are often passed by motor vehicles in low-cycling countries where most riding occurs on roads. When passing events occur, the lateral passing distance (LPD) between motor vehicles and bicycles is critically important for objective and subjective safety. This systematic review identified 42 papers reporting 36 independent studies of LPD. Seven papers reported sufficient information to be included in meta-analyses for four different variables; road width, speed limit, on-road bicycle lanes compared to no bicycle lanes and bus versus car. The meta-analyses showed significant positive relationships between LPD and road width, and between LPD and speed limit; and smaller LPDs when cyclists were passed by buses rather than cars. The effect of on-road bicycle infrastructure was inconsistent. Studies that considered cyclist factors such as gender or type of cyclist showed mixed results. Seven out of eight studies found that the closer the cyclist rode to the kerb, the larger the LPD. Lastly, the passing strategy chosen by drivers (accelerative or flying) also showed mixed results. The results of the review are consistent with the predictions of the Multiple Comfort Zone model which predicts that the distance a driver leaves between their vehicle and other road users will be based on attempting to maintain their own comfort zone. Other motor vehicles pose a greater risk to drivers than bicycles, therefore the distance a driver chooses between their vehicle and a bicycle may be compromised if there are other vehicles present or if the available travel space is restricted. As governments around the world grapple with increasing health costs caused by physical inactivity, bicycle riding is being encouraged. Given the importance of the passing manoeuvre for cyclist safety, when designing infrastructure to foster cycling, factors that influence LPD should be considered. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 754-773 Issue: 6 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1768174 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1768174 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:6:p:754-773 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: April Gadsby Author-X-Name-First: April Author-X-Name-Last: Gadsby Author-Name: Kari Watkins Author-X-Name-First: Kari Author-X-Name-Last: Watkins Title: Instrumented bikes and their use in studies on transportation behaviour, safety, and maintenance Abstract: Instrumented bikes are a critical tool to understanding cyclist behaviour and preferences to incorporate cycling into modelling, designing, and planning the transportation system. Literature using instrumented bikes for transportation-related research has increased in popularity, especially in the last 6 years. As these studies are growing in number and maturity, now seems a good time to review how the bikes have been used, choices of sensors and methodology, and where there are gaps to be filled by future work. Therefore, the objectives of this literature review are to 1) discuss sensor choice in relation to methodology, 2) review findings from topics studied using instrumented bikes, and 3) discuss gaps in the literature. Two databases were searched for transportation-based literature using instrumented bikes with a total of 75 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. The literature was organised into nine focus areas with the most common topics being E-bikes, vehicles passing cyclists, and critical events. The results show that instrumented bikes are versatile tools that can shed light on a variety of aspects of cyclist behaviour and safety as well as how to maintain the system for them. Various sensors were used for these studies, but cameras, GPS, and accelerometers were the most common. The review highlights the importance of study technique (naturalistic vs quasi-naturalistic vs other) on sensor choice with GPS and/or cameras being critical to any naturalistic study. However, GPS and cameras are the most challenging data types to work with due to difficulty and the time-consuming nature of processing the data. The variation in sensors also suggests some need to standardise set-ups for comparison of data across international contexts. Areas for future research are also discussed, including a new perspective for passing-distance studies and incorporating instrumented bikes into the connected vehicle/infrastructure space. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 774-795 Issue: 6 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1769227 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1769227 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:6:p:774-795 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anne Aguilera Author-X-Name-First: Anne Author-X-Name-Last: Aguilera Author-Name: Joseph Cacciari Author-X-Name-First: Joseph Author-X-Name-Last: Cacciari Title: Living with fewer cars: review and challenges on household demotorization Abstract: Changing travel behaviour requires a precise understanding of the decision-making processes at work in households, in order to target public policies more effectively. The objective of this paper is to conduct a literature review to identify new research directions in the field of household demotorization, defined as the process of reducing car ownership at the individual household level. We identify three main contributions in the current literature, concerning firstly the quantification of household demotorization, secondly the influence of key events and travel socialisation on the decision to demotorize, and thirdly the role of certain transportation policies. The fourth, concluding section of the paper identifies policy implications and proposes new challenges for research in this field, which we believe deserves greater attention in the near future. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 796-809 Issue: 6 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1772405 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1772405 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:6:p:796-809 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zachary M. Schrag Author-X-Name-First: Zachary M. Author-X-Name-Last: Schrag Title: Last subway: the long wait for the next train in New York City Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 810-811 Issue: 6 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1764663 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1764663 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:6:p:810-811 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marcel E. Moran Author-X-Name-First: Marcel E. Author-X-Name-Last: Moran Title: Cyclescapes of the unequal city: bicycle infrastructure and uneven development Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 811-814 Issue: 6 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1750502 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1750502 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:6:p:811-814 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Constantinos Antoniou Author-X-Name-First: Constantinos Author-X-Name-Last: Antoniou Title: The accelerating transport innovation revolution: a global, case study-based assessment of current experience, cross-sectorial effects, and socioeconomic transformations Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 814-816 Issue: 6 Volume: 40 Year: 2020 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1779385 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1779385 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:40:y:2020:i:6:p:814-816 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jonas De Vos Author-X-Name-First: Jonas Author-X-Name-Last: De Vos Author-Name: Ahmed El-Geneidy Author-X-Name-First: Ahmed Author-X-Name-Last: El-Geneidy Title: Stepping into the shoes of a giant: A vision statement from the new Editors-in-Chief of Transport Reviews Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 1-4 Issue: 1 Volume: 41 Year: 2021 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1848140 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1848140 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:41:y:2021:i:1:p:1-4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Md Sami Hasnine Author-X-Name-First: Md Sami Author-X-Name-Last: Hasnine Author-Name: Khandker Nurul Habib Author-X-Name-First: Khandker Author-X-Name-Last: Nurul Habib Title: Tour-based mode choice modelling as the core of an activity-based travel demand modelling framework: a review of state-of-the-art Abstract: The paper presents a critical review of the methodological approaches used in tour-based mode choice models within the activity-based modelling frameworks. Various components of the activity-based models, such as activity type choice, activity location choice, and activity duration have already matured significantly. However, the mode choice component is often simplified in many ways. Both trip-based and tour-based approaches are used in many cases. However, the tour-based approach is considered to be the most relevant to the activity-based modelling framework. This paper presents a synthesis of the strengths and weaknesses of existing tour-based mode choice models. The previous studies on tour-based mode choice models are grouped into seven categories, ranging from simplified main tour mode to complex dynamic discrete choice models. Besides, challenges with data-hungry models, simulation-based models and static models are discussed elaborately. In conclusion, it proposes a few methodological suggestions for researchers and practitioners for finding an appropriate mode choice modelling framework for activity-based models. In addition, the paper also provides a guideline on how to incorporate automated vehicles and Mobility-as-a-Service within the framework of tour-based mode choice models. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 5-26 Issue: 1 Volume: 41 Year: 2021 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1780648 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1780648 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:41:y:2021:i:1:p:5-26 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kyuhyun Lee Author-X-Name-First: Kyuhyun Author-X-Name-Last: Lee Author-Name: Ipek Nese Sener Author-X-Name-First: Ipek Nese Author-X-Name-Last: Sener Title: Strava Metro data for bicycle monitoring: a literature review Abstract: Monitoring bicycle trips is no longer limited to traditional sources, such as travel surveys and counts. Strava, a popular fitness tracker, continuously collects human movement trajectories, and its commercial data service, Strava Metro, has enriched bicycle research opportunities over the last five years. Accrued knowledge from colleagues who have already utilised Strava Metro data can be valuable for those seeking expanded monitoring options. To convey such knowledge, this paper synthesises a data overview, extensive literature review on how the data have been applied to deal with drivers’ bicycle-related issues, and implications for future work. The review results indicate that Strava Metro data have the potential—although finite—to be used to identify various travel patterns, estimate travel demand, analyse route choice, control for exposure in crash models, and assess air pollution exposure. However, several challenges, such as the under-representativeness of the general population, bias towards and away from certain groups, and lack of demographic and trip details at the individual level, prevent researchers from depending entirely on the new data source. Cross-use with other sources and validation of reliability with official data could enhance the potentiality. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 27-47 Issue: 1 Volume: 41 Year: 2021 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1798558 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1798558 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:41:y:2021:i:1:p:27-47 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ralph Buehler Author-X-Name-First: Ralph Author-X-Name-Last: Buehler Author-Name: John Pucher Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Pucher Title: The growing gap in pedestrian and cyclist fatality rates between the United States and the United Kingdom, Germany, Denmark, and the Netherlands, 1990–2018 Abstract: Using official national data for each country, this article calculates trends in walking and cycling fatalities per capita and per km in the USA, the UK, Germany, the Netherlands, and Denmark. From 1990 to 2018, pedestrian fatalities per capita fell by 23% in the USA vs. 66%–80% in the other countries; cyclist fatalities per capita fell by 22% in the USA vs. 55%–68% in the other countries. In 2018, pedestrian fatality rates per km in the USA were 5–10 times higher than in the other four countries; cyclist fatality rates per km in the USA were 4–7 times higher. The gap in walking and cycling fatality rates between the USA and the other countries increased over the entire 28-year period, but especially from 2010 to 2018. Over that 8-year period, per-capita fatality rates in the USA rose by 19% for pedestrians and 11% for cyclists; per-km fatality rates rose by 17% for pedestrians and 33% for cyclists. By comparison, fatality rates either fell or remained stable in the four European countries. We reviewed the relevant literature to identify factors that might help explain the much lower walking and cycling fatality rates in Europe compared to the USA. Possible explanatory factors include better walking and cycling infrastructure; lower urban speed limits; fewer vehicle km travelled; smaller and less powerful personal motor vehicles; and better traffic training, testing, and enforcement of traffic regulations. We recommend that the USA consider implementing an integrated package of mutually reinforcing safety measures such as those that have been successfully implemented in the Netherlands, Denmark, and Germany to reduce pedestrian and cyclist fatality rates. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 48-72 Issue: 1 Volume: 41 Year: 2021 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1823521 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1823521 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:41:y:2021:i:1:p:48-72 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laura Aston Author-X-Name-First: Laura Author-X-Name-Last: Aston Author-Name: Graham Currie Author-X-Name-First: Graham Author-X-Name-Last: Currie Author-Name: Alexa Delbosc Author-X-Name-First: Alexa Author-X-Name-Last: Delbosc Author-Name: Md. Kamruzzaman Author-X-Name-First: Md. Author-X-Name-Last: Kamruzzaman Author-Name: David Teller Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Teller Title: Exploring built environment impacts on transit use – an updated meta-analysis Abstract: The built environment (BE) is widely accepted to influence transit use (TU). Evidence to date suggests the relationship is dependent on many factors which can be difficult to account for in quantitative studies. This creates barriers to transferring research into practice. Considering many studies together can be useful for accounting for more of the factors impacting transit use. Yet, meta-analysis of research measuring these influences was last undertaken in 2010 based on 18 studies. Since then 90 new quantitative studies have been published. These recent studies use improved methodologies and are conducted in more diverse geographies. This paper reports an improved and updated meta-analysis of built environment impacts on transit use. It compares elasticity estimates from research published pre-and post-2010 and explores the impact of new methods and a more diverse geographical representation on findings. Updated meta-elasticities range from <0.01 to 0.26; a similar range to the 2010 study. However, at the individual indicator levels, more recent results are different. Elasticities for urban density, including population, employment and commercial density, have increased significantly in studies published since 2010, as did that of land use mix. However, measures of local access, design and jobs-housing balance decreased in post-2010 studies. These results confirm the small but imprecise relationship between the BE and TU. Results also suggest that while the range of elasticity impacts is relatively consistent, new study methodologies, notably those that control for regional accessibility and self-selection, and the increasing geographical diversity in study applications, is acting to change BE-TU findings at the indicator level. Research setting and context are important to consider when using empirical results to design BE strategies to promote transit use. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 73-96 Issue: 1 Volume: 41 Year: 2021 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1806941 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1806941 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:41:y:2021:i:1:p:73-96 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Trisalyn Nelson Author-X-Name-First: Trisalyn Author-X-Name-Last: Nelson Author-Name: Colin Ferster Author-X-Name-First: Colin Author-X-Name-Last: Ferster Author-Name: Karen Laberee Author-X-Name-First: Karen Author-X-Name-Last: Laberee Author-Name: Daniel Fuller Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Author-X-Name-Last: Fuller Author-Name: Meghan Winters Author-X-Name-First: Meghan Author-X-Name-Last: Winters Title: Crowdsourced data for bicycling research and practice Abstract: Cities are promoting bicycling for transportation as an antidote to increased traffic congestion, obesity and related health issues, and air pollution. However, both research and practice have been stalled by lack of data on bicycling volumes, safety, infrastructure, and public attitudes. New technologies such as GPS-enabled smartphones, crowdsourcing tools, and social media are changing the potential sources for bicycling data. However, many of the developments are coming from data science and it can be difficult evaluate the strengths and limitations of crowdsourced data. In this narrative review we provide an overview and critique of crowdsourced data that are being used to fill gaps and advance bicycling behaviour and safety knowledge. We assess crowdsourced data used to map ridership (fitness, bike share, and GPS/accelerometer data), assess safety (web-map tools), map infrastructure (OpenStreetMap), and track attitudes (social media). For each category of data, we discuss the challenges and opportunities they offer for researchers and practitioners. Fitness app data can be used to model spatial variation in bicycling ridership volumes, and GPS/accelerometer data offer new potential to characterise route choice and origin-destination of bicycling trips; however, working with these data requires a high level of training in data science. New sources of safety and near miss data can be used to address underreporting and increase predictive capacity but require grassroots promotion and are often best used when combined with official reports. Crowdsourced bicycling infrastructure data can be timely and facilitate comparisons across multiple cities; however, such data must be assessed for consistency in route type labels. Using social media, it is possible to track reactions to bicycle policy and infrastructure changes, yet linking attitudes expressed on social media platforms with broader populations is a challenge. New data present opportunities for improving our understanding of bicycling and supporting decision making towards transportation options that are healthy and safe for all. However, there are challenges, such as who has data access and how data crowdsourced tools are funded, protection of individual privacy, representativeness of data and impact of biased data on equity in decision making, and stakeholder capacity to use data given the requirement for advanced data science skills. If cities are to benefit from these new data, methodological developments and tools and training for end-users will need to track with the momentum of crowdsourced data. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 97-114 Issue: 1 Volume: 41 Year: 2021 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1806943 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1806943 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:41:y:2021:i:1:p:97-114 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Emmanuel Theodore Asimeng Author-X-Name-First: Emmanuel Theodore Author-X-Name-Last: Asimeng Author-Name: Dirk Heinrichs Author-X-Name-First: Dirk Author-X-Name-Last: Heinrichs Title: Why do paratransit operators resist participation in bus rapid transit? Case evidence from Bogota, Mexico City, Johannesburg and Lagos Abstract: Public transport in cities of the Global South is mainly provided by paratransit operators who self-regulate their services in the absence of adequate formal transport supply and due to weak or no formal regulatory framework and enforcement. Paratransit operators compete with each other for passengers as every passenger translates into profit. Governments in the Global South have sought to reform public transport services through Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) to regulate and ensure efficiency, address the problems of drivers competition and negative externalities associated with paratransit operations. Paratransit operators have been considered as one of the barriers to public transport reforms such as BRT without much consideration for their style of operations. This neglect has contributed to their resistance and low interest in participating in BRT and has even led to opposition. Consequently, non-consideration of incumbent operators in the implementation of transit reforms has been one important reason for delay or failure in their introduction. In this study, we identify reasons why paratransit operators resist and show low interest in BRT even in situations where public institutions have opted not to replace them but rather invite them to participate in the reforms. The basis is a case study analysis of four cities with different characteristics and different BRT implementation strategies where paratransit operators showed resistance and low interest to participate. We identify (1) loss of autonomy, flexibility and established practices/routines, (2) financial and economic risk avoidance and (3) lack of trust in governments who initiate reforms as a basis for their resistance and low interest. These findings are theoretically substantiated by organisational management and social psychology concepts that explain resistance to change. Understanding and recognising these reasons may help planners in designing more appropriate strategies for paratransit reforms. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 115-135 Issue: 1 Volume: 41 Year: 2021 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1818872 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1818872 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:41:y:2021:i:1:p:115-135 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jan-Dirk Schmöcker Author-X-Name-First: Jan-Dirk Author-X-Name-Last: Schmöcker Title: Estimation of city tourism flows: challenges, new data and COVID Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 137-140 Issue: 2 Volume: 41 Year: 2021 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1850221 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1850221 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:41:y:2021:i:2:p:137-140 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mohammad Ansari Esfeh Author-X-Name-First: Mohammad Author-X-Name-Last: Ansari Esfeh Author-Name: S. C. Wirasinghe Author-X-Name-First: S. C. Author-X-Name-Last: Wirasinghe Author-Name: Saeid Saidi Author-X-Name-First: Saeid Author-X-Name-Last: Saidi Author-Name: Lina Kattan Author-X-Name-First: Lina Author-X-Name-Last: Kattan Title: Waiting time and headway modelling for urban transit systems – a critical review and proposed approach Abstract: The cost associated with the waiting time that passengers incur in a public transit network is one of the main components of total transit travel cost. The cost of a unit of waiting time per passenger is higher than the cost of a unit of riding time or access time. While the assumption of half the headway as the mean waiting time has been widely used in waiting time cost estimation, it is not always a realistic assumption considering heterogeneous passengers and different types of transit services. Moreover, many studies considered the waiting times of passengers only at the origin, while waiting times can also be incurred at transfer points and the destination, the latter especially for passengers with required arrival time. After describing definitions for type of passengers and type of transit service and reasoning about proper assumptions for mean waiting time, we conducted a comprehensive survey of articles in transit operation and planning published in highly-ranked journals from 2010 to 2019 which is presented in the paper. We found that most of the reviewed articles on transit suffer from lack of clear assumptions regarding the type of service and the type of passenger, which restricts the validity of the assumed waiting time. To address these issues, we develop a comprehensive approach to determine the mean waiting time of travellers. Mean waiting time for possible combinations of heterogeneous types of passengers (who plan and who do not plan their trips) and different service type (schedule-based, frequency-based, high-frequency and low-frequency) are developed. In addition, we critically review the waiting time considered in previous studies for a single route case (uniform headway with reliable service). The proposed comprehensive approach could be utilised in transit studies to better model the transit use which subsequently results in better designs and more efficient operations. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 141-163 Issue: 2 Volume: 41 Year: 2021 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1806942 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1806942 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:41:y:2021:i:2:p:141-163 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aikaterini Deliali Author-X-Name-First: Aikaterini Author-X-Name-Last: Deliali Author-Name: Dany Chhan Author-X-Name-First: Dany Author-X-Name-Last: Chhan Author-Name: Jennifer Oliver Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer Author-X-Name-Last: Oliver Author-Name: Rassil Sayess Author-X-Name-First: Rassil Author-X-Name-Last: Sayess Author-Name: Krystal J. Godri Pollitt Author-X-Name-First: Krystal J. Author-X-Name-Last: Godri Pollitt Author-Name: Eleni Christofa Author-X-Name-First: Eleni Author-X-Name-Last: Christofa Title: Transitioning to zero-emission bus fleets: state of practice of implementations in the United States Abstract: Several states and transit agencies have recently introduced zero-emission buses (ZEBs) to their fleets, including battery electric buses, fuel cell battery electric buses, and fuel cell plug-in hybrid electric buses in an effort to mitigate transportation-related impacts on air quality. The objective of this paper was to summarise information and insights from ZEB implementations across the United States (U.S.) to advance the state of practice and facilitate transit agencies’ transition to ZEBs. Information was obtained through a critical review of relevant literature from peer-reviewed journals and agency reports released by transit agencies and other relevant stakeholders, an online survey of several transit agencies that implemented or are planning to implement ZEBs, and interviews with transit agency representatives and other relevant stakeholders. This review focuses on ZEB in-service performance, cost, fuelling, and implementation strategies. In addition, challenges and lessons learned as reported by U.S. transit agencies are described. A comparison among the three technologies and conventional fuel buses (i.e. diesel and compressed natural gas) suggests that ZEBs outperform conventional buses in terms of fuel efficiency, but their procurement cost is higher. Battery electric buses present the highest fuel efficiency and lowest procurement, operation, and maintenance costs, and have been chosen by most transit agencies followed by fuel cell battery electric buses. While fuel cell hybrid plug-in buses have been implemented by several agencies over the past ten years, they have not gained popularity due to increased purchase and maintenance costs. Important factors for agencies to consider when implementing any of these ZEB technologies include: (1) fleet size: starting with a small fleet and gradually expanding; (2) technology type: understanding the technology and properly choosing the one that matches the needs and limitations of a service area (e.g. available space, existing schedule) as well as available resources and agency goals; (3) staff training: proper training for a suitable amount of time of drivers and maintenance personnel; and (4) stakeholder collaboration: having an effective level of collaboration, cooperation, and support between stakeholders. Overall, ZEBs are a viable and promising approach for reducing emissions from transit fleets. This review can assist in transit agencies’ transition to ZEB fleets by providing useful information and insights to ensure optimal technology choice and efficient implementations. It can also provide insights on ZEB implementation issues that warrant further research. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 164-191 Issue: 2 Volume: 41 Year: 2021 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1800132 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1800132 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:41:y:2021:i:2:p:164-191 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kate Lowe Author-X-Name-First: Kate Author-X-Name-Last: Lowe Title: Undone science, funding, and positionality in transportation research Abstract: A robust body of research in transportation has brought to light valuable findings and supported the development of important tools. However, crucial questions of “undone” science remain – topics and methods that current research practices could partially overlook. This review essay argues that transportation research could benefit from more critical reflection on researchers’ positionalities, the field’s emphasis on some methods and topics rather than others, and the role of funding. The article first considers the questions of funding influence and researcher positionality in the broader social sciences literature and then the implications of funding and positionality in transportation research. In the United States, transportation funding generally emphasises engineering fields and applied solutions; historically underrepresented racial/ethnic groups are a small share of researchers. Because of disciplinary traditions, funding, positionality, and other factors, transportation research paradigms may give relatively less attention to social issues, qualitative data, and local knowledge, while emphasising quantitative data, modelling, physical factors, and infrastructure building. The purpose of this paper is to start a dialogue, using the social science literatures, information about the transportation field, and examples of the importance of social and qualitative methods. Collective dialogue about researchers’ positionalities and demographics, different types of knowledge, and the field could uncover important areas and approaches for transportation research and practice. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 192-209 Issue: 2 Volume: 41 Year: 2021 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1829742 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1829742 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:41:y:2021:i:2:p:192-209 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Darja Vrščaj Author-X-Name-First: Darja Author-X-Name-Last: Vrščaj Author-Name: Sven Nyholm Author-X-Name-First: Sven Author-X-Name-Last: Nyholm Author-Name: Geert P. J. Verbong Author-X-Name-First: Geert P. J. Author-X-Name-Last: Verbong Title: Smart mobility innovation policy as boundary work: identifying the challenges of user involvement Abstract: In 2013 the Dutch Minister for Infrastructure and Water Management initiated a policy programme that aimed to develop a transition towards smart mobility. A Roadmap was developed to support the policy innovation programme because previous initiatives have failed due to the lack of a strategic document. The Roadmap’s first transition pathway (policy goal) called for a development of a user-centric smart mobility. We analysed how this policy goal has been enacted. We conducted 32 semi-structured interviews with relevant smart mobility practitioners, which we have analysed through our theoretical framework consisting of three boundary concepts: boundary work, boundary objects and boundary organisations. Additionally, we have drawn from the literature on user-involvement. The boundary concepts have led us to identifying two main challenges that led to an unsuccessful realisation of the policy goal. One, the responsibilities for involving users have been transferred to numerous actors, who renegotiated the goals assigned to them by the Ministry, resorting to their old techno-centric innovating ways. The dominance of the techno-centric perspective acted as a barrier and inhibited a successful implementation of a more user-centric approach. Two, a key criterion for successful realisation of the pathway – namely, the support of an organisation specifically held accountable for realising the pathway – was absent. In our conclusion we provide recommendations for a more successful user-inclusion, as well as reflections on the state of the smart mobility policy in The Netherlands. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 210-229 Issue: 2 Volume: 41 Year: 2021 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1829743 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1829743 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:41:y:2021:i:2:p:210-229 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shuyang Zhang Author-X-Name-First: Shuyang Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang Author-Name: Hong K. Lo Author-X-Name-First: Hong K. Author-X-Name-Last: Lo Author-Name: Ka Fai Ng Author-X-Name-First: Ka Fai Author-X-Name-Last: Ng Author-Name: Guojun Chen Author-X-Name-First: Guojun Author-X-Name-Last: Chen Title: Metro system disruption management and substitute bus service: a systematic review and future directions Abstract: Disruptions in the metro system often result in chaos in the public transport system given their substantial modal share in major metropolitan areas. Metro system disruption can be managed both within the system and by substitute bus (SB) service external to the system. Managing disruption within the metro system typically involves timetable adjustment, rolling stock scheduling, and crew rescheduling, subject to the rail system design and availability of crossovers for turnovers. SB service or bus bridging, on the other hand, is one prominent way to mitigate the negative impact of a metro disruption. In the past decade, research on this topic has grown substantially. In this paper, by conducting a comprehensive search in the Web of Science publications, we identify and review about 70 papers. According to the three aspects of metro system disruption management, we classify the literature into three groups: (i) getting prepared for metro network disruption, (ii) managing disruption within the metro system, and (iii) managing metro disruption with SB service. After summarising the state-of-the-art on this topic, we conclude by identifying gaps and future research directions, primarily on substitute bus service, for this important development effort. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 230-251 Issue: 2 Volume: 41 Year: 2021 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1834468 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1834468 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:41:y:2021:i:2:p:230-251 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marcel E. Moran Author-X-Name-First: Marcel E. Author-X-Name-Last: Moran Title: Assembling moral mobilities: cycling, cities, and the common good Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 252-254 Issue: 2 Volume: 41 Year: 2021 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1786479 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1786479 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:41:y:2021:i:2:p:252-254 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dimitris Milakis Author-X-Name-First: Dimitris Author-X-Name-Last: Milakis Title: Sustainability prospects for autonomous vehicles: environmental, social and urban Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 254-256 Issue: 2 Volume: 41 Year: 2021 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1834007 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1834007 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:41:y:2021:i:2:p:254-256 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mohamed R. Ibrahim Author-X-Name-First: Mohamed R. Author-X-Name-Last: Ibrahim Author-Name: James Haworth Author-X-Name-First: James Author-X-Name-Last: Haworth Author-Name: Nicola Christie Author-X-Name-First: Nicola Author-X-Name-Last: Christie Author-Name: Tao Cheng Author-X-Name-First: Tao Author-X-Name-Last: Cheng Author-Name: Stephen Hailes Author-X-Name-First: Stephen Author-X-Name-Last: Hailes Title: Cycling near misses: a review of the current methods, challenges and the potential of an AI-embedded system Abstract: Whether for commuting or leisure, cycling is a growing transport mode in many countries. However, cycling is still perceived by many as a dangerous activity. Because the mode share of cycling tends to be low, serious incidents related to cycling are rare. Nevertheless, the fear of getting hit or falling while cycling hinders its expansion as a transport mode and it has been shown that focusing on killed and seriously injured casualties alone only touches the tip of the iceberg. Compared with reported incidents, there are many more incidents in which the person on the bike was destabilised or needed to take action to avoid a crash; so-called near misses. Because of their frequency, data related to near misses can provide much more information about the risk factors associated with cycling. The quality and coverage of this information depends on the method of data collection; from survey data to video data, and processing; from manual to automated. There remains a gap in our understanding of how best to identify and predict near misses and draw statistically significant conclusions, which may lead to better intervention measures and the creation of a safer environment for people on bikes. In this paper, we review the literature on cycling near misses, focusing on the data collection methods adopted, the scope and the risk factors identified. In doing so, we demonstrate that, while many near misses are a result of a combination of different factors that may or may not be transport-related, the current approach of tackling these factors may not be adequate for understanding the interconnections between all risk factors. To address this limitation, we highlight the potential of extracting data using a unified input (images/videos) relying on computer vision methods to automatically extract the wide spectrum of near miss risk factors, in addition to detecting the types of events associated with near misses. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 304-328 Issue: 3 Volume: 41 Year: 2021 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1840456 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1840456 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:41:y:2021:i:3:p:304-328 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Athanasios A. Pallis Author-X-Name-First: Athanasios A. Author-X-Name-Last: Pallis Author-Name: Aimilia A. Papachristou Author-X-Name-First: Aimilia A. Author-X-Name-Last: Papachristou Title: European Cruise ports: challenges since the pre-pandemic era Abstract: This study provides an empirical analysis of the challenges that cruise ports in Europe were facing before the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 triggered an unprecedented global health and economic crisis with severe, and potentially structural, consequences for the cruise world. In this context, knowledge of the key challenges that cruise ports need to address builds capacities for conceptualising, but also better responding, in the post-COVID-19 conditions to both pre-existing challenges and the ones produced by the pandemic. The study examines the former group of challenges. It does so analysing a survey answered by 155 cruise ports in 34 countries in the two European markets (North Europe and the Med) just before the pandemic outbreak. The survey identifies the significance of different types of challenges (operational, strategic, societal, environmental), and the hierarchy of challenges referring to the relationships between ports and cruise lines. Detailing which issues were (not) shared by the entire cruise port industry, the findings reveal that the pre-pandemic search for sustainable growth of the cruise activities hosted had led to diverging challenges in each of these two cruise markets. They also establish that port governance models do matter when it comes to the variation of the confronted challenges. These results imply that policy initiatives based on a “one size fits all” approach would provide a rather ineffective helping hand in resolving the major of the identified challenges. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 352-373 Issue: 3 Volume: 41 Year: 2021 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1857884 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1857884 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:41:y:2021:i:3:p:352-373 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dana Yanocha Author-X-Name-First: Dana Author-X-Name-Last: Yanocha Author-Name: Jacob Mason Author-X-Name-First: Jacob Author-X-Name-Last: Mason Author-Name: Jonas Hagen Author-X-Name-First: Jonas Author-X-Name-Last: Hagen Title: Using data and technology to integrate mobility modes in low-income cities Abstract: The utilisation of data and technology in transportation has given rise to new forms of flexible, on-demand mobility and urban freight services. Such advances have also enabled the integration of multiple transportation modes and facilitated more predictable, environmentally-friendly, high-volume trips. While many of these technologies are now commonplace in higher income cities, they are less prevalent in lower income cities. This review identifies a) recent advances in technology and data that can facilitate multimodal urban travel, and b) the existing and potential application of these advances in low- and lower middle-income (LIC and LMIC) cities, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. This review examines peer-reviewed and grey literature and uses a multi-method approach with expert interviews. The review identifies open transportation data and data standards, global positioning systems, cashless fare payment, and blockchain as having high potential to facilitate integrated mobility in lower income contexts, and considers potential barriers to adopting and risks of utilising these technologies in LICs and LMICs. The review finds that, enabled by technology and data advances, LICs and LMICs could leapfrog the high car use and inefficient urban freight systems typical of higher income cities to more integrated, efficient, multimodal transport systems. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 262-284 Issue: 3 Volume: 41 Year: 2021 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1834006 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1834006 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:41:y:2021:i:3:p:262-284 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aiga Stokenberga Author-X-Name-First: Aiga Author-X-Name-Last: Stokenberga Author-Name: Satoshi Ogita Author-X-Name-First: Satoshi Author-X-Name-Last: Ogita Title: Anticipating vehicle traffic increase on improved inter-urban roads: evidence from three decades of transport projects in developing regions Abstract: Consideration of the traffic generated by inter-urban road investments is important for assessing their economic feasibility and external costs and for designing sustainable road maintenance strategies. While the literature and evidence on generated traffic is growing, it has almost exclusively focused on advanced economies. In contrast, readily available methodologies for predicting the generated traffic impacts are lacking in low and middle income countries (LMICs), where most of the future road investments will be made and where detailed travel demand models and data that would be needed to feed them are often not available. This study attempts to fill this gap by specifically focusing on observed traffic growth and its drivers in developing countries. After reviewing the literature on generated traffic modelling, it presents empirical evidence on the characteristics and outcomes of inter-urban road projects implemented over the last three decades across 68 LMICs. The study quantifies the statistical association between, on the one hand, the travel time or vehicle operating cost (VOC) savings resulting from the road improvement and, on the other hand, the observed short-term growth in traffic on the project roads. Controlling for a range of macro-economic and project-level attributes, both travel time savings and VOC reductions are found to have a statistically significant, positive association with observed short-term traffic growth of a magnitude that much exceeds the elasticities reported in developed country literature. Population growth in the project country/State/province during the project implementation period is also found to have a large, positive association with traffic growth, while per capita income growth is found to have a marginal effect. Toll roads (albeit representing a small share of the sample) are found to have statistically significantly lower observed traffic growth compared to non-toll roads even after controlling for the other project characteristics. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 285-303 Issue: 3 Volume: 41 Year: 2021 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1841329 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1841329 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:41:y:2021:i:3:p:285-303 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Konstantinos Gkiotsalitis Author-X-Name-First: Konstantinos Author-X-Name-Last: Gkiotsalitis Author-Name: Oded Cats Author-X-Name-First: Oded Author-X-Name-Last: Cats Title: Public transport planning adaption under the COVID-19 pandemic crisis: literature review of research needs and directions Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic crisis has greatly impacted public transport ridership and service provision across the world. As many countries start to navigate their return to normality, new public transport planning requirements are devised. These measures imply a major reduction in service capacity compared to the pre-COVID-19 era. At the time of writing, there is a severe lack of knowledge regarding the potential impact of the pandemic on public transport operations and models that can support the service planning given these new challenges. In this literature review, we systematically review and synthesise the literature on the impacts of COVID on public transport to identify the need to adjust planning measures, and, on the other hand, the existing methods for public transport planning at the strategic, tactical and operational level. We identify intervention measures that can support public transport service providers in planning their services in the post-shutdown phase and their respective modelling development requirements. This can support the transition from the initial ad-hoc planning practices to a more evidence-based decision making. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 374-392 Issue: 3 Volume: 41 Year: 2021 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1857886 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1857886 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:41:y:2021:i:3:p:374-392 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Matthew J. Beck Author-X-Name-First: Matthew J. Author-X-Name-Last: Beck Author-Name: David A. Hensher Author-X-Name-First: David A. Author-X-Name-Last: Hensher Title: What might the changing incidence of Working from Home (WFH) tell us about future transport and land use agendas Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 257-261 Issue: 3 Volume: 41 Year: 2021 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1848141 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1848141 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:41:y:2021:i:3:p:257-261 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: João Filipe Teixeira Author-X-Name-First: João Filipe Author-X-Name-Last: Teixeira Author-Name: Cecília Silva Author-X-Name-First: Cecília Author-X-Name-Last: Silva Author-Name: Frederico Moura e Sá Author-X-Name-First: Frederico Author-X-Name-Last: Moura e Sá Title: Empirical evidence on the impacts of bikesharing: a literature review Abstract: In recent years, bikesharing has become one of the most popular policies promoting cycling across the world. As the number of bikesharing systems (BSS) continues to rise, it is increasingly important to quantify their expected benefits. This paper synthetises the available evidence on the current impacts of implementing a BSS, with a special focus on the induced modal shift dynamics and impacts in car reduction, indicating how increasing the attractiveness of BSS to car users could improve its benefits. Several benefits have been associated to bikesharing, but they are not equally distributed and are dependent on several nuances, particularly on modal shifts. Among the biggest contributions are the increases in physical activity (PA) levels (triggering health gains) as well as travel time savings to the BSS users. Bikesharing is mostly replacing sustainable modes of transport, with modest car replacing rates. However, bikesharing can also indirectly decrease car travel by fostering synergies with Public Transport (by expanding catchment areas, reducing overcrowding and overall travel times) and by promoting cycling use through increasing the number and diversity of cyclists. Furthermore, different types of modal shift lead to different benefits. Reductions in car travel induce decreases in greenhouse gases (GHG) and other air pollutants, increases in PA, time savings as well as congestion reductions. Conversely, new trips generated by BSS also lead to increases in PA, while modal shift from walking to BSS has been associated with travel time savings. Shifting PT users to BSS can also reduce overcrowding in saturated PT networks. The most social disadvantaged groups were found to be systematically under-represented among BSS users, yet equity measures combined with awareness-raising campaigns could increase usage rates. Exploring potential advantages of BSS against car use and increasing its car replacing rates, coupled with better impact assessments, should constitute research priorities. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 329-351 Issue: 3 Volume: 41 Year: 2021 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1841328 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1841328 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:41:y:2021:i:3:p:329-351 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ralph Buehler Author-X-Name-First: Ralph Author-X-Name-Last: Buehler Author-Name: John Pucher Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Pucher Title: COVID-19 Impacts on Cycling, 2019–2020 Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 393-400 Issue: 4 Volume: 41 Year: 2021 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.1914900 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.1914900 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:41:y:2021:i:4:p:393-400 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carey Curtis Author-X-Name-First: Carey Author-X-Name-Last: Curtis Author-Name: Sam McLeod Author-X-Name-First: Sam Author-X-Name-Last: McLeod Author-Name: John Hultén Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Hultén Author-Name: Fredrik Pettersson-Lofstedt Author-X-Name-First: Fredrik Author-X-Name-Last: Pettersson-Lofstedt Author-Name: Alexander Paulsson Author-X-Name-First: Alexander Author-X-Name-Last: Paulsson Author-Name: Claus Hedegaard Sørensen Author-X-Name-First: Claus Author-X-Name-Last: Hedegaard Sørensen Title: Knowledge for policy-making in times of uncertainty: the case of autonomous vehicle model results Abstract: There has been a rapid rise in papers modelling the impacts of autonomous vehicles. Drawing on a review of this literature, we analyse and discuss the messages conveyed by these studies from a policy-making perspective. An overview of the studies is provided to highlight the different policy frames. We consider the roles that modelling knowledge should have in policy-making in the context of unstable and uncertain futures where novel transport modes bring into question the use of past knowledge and assumptions. We conclude that both limitations of, and assumptions in, models need to be made more explicit and accessible when used in policy-making. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 478-498 Issue: 4 Volume: 41 Year: 2021 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1857885 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1857885 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:41:y:2021:i:4:p:478-498 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leonardo Carvalho Author-X-Name-First: Leonardo Author-X-Name-Last: Carvalho Author-Name: Alice Sternberg Author-X-Name-First: Alice Author-X-Name-Last: Sternberg Author-Name: Leandro Maia Gonçalves Author-X-Name-First: Leandro Author-X-Name-Last: Maia Gonçalves Author-Name: Ana Beatriz Cruz Author-X-Name-First: Ana Author-X-Name-Last: Beatriz Cruz Author-Name: Jorge A. Soares Author-X-Name-First: Jorge A. Author-X-Name-Last: Soares Author-Name: Diego Brandão Author-X-Name-First: Diego Author-X-Name-Last: Brandão Author-Name: Diego Carvalho Author-X-Name-First: Diego Author-X-Name-Last: Carvalho Author-Name: Eduardo Ogasawara Author-X-Name-First: Eduardo Author-X-Name-Last: Ogasawara Title: On the relevance of data science for flight delay research: a systematic review Abstract: Flight delays are a significant problem for society as they evenly impair airlines, transport companies, air traffic controllers, facility managers, and passengers. Studying prior flight data is an essential activity for every player involved in the air transportation system. Besides, developing accurate prediction models for flight delays is a crucial component of the decision-making process. Prescribing actions to solve on-going delays is an even challenging task due to the air transportation system complexity. In this regard, this paper presents a thorough literature review of data science techniques used for investigating flight delays. This work proposes a taxonomy and compiles the initiatives used to address the flight delay studies. It also offers a systematic literature review that describes the trends of the field and methods to analyse the applicability of newly proposed methods. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 499-528 Issue: 4 Volume: 41 Year: 2021 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1861123 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1861123 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:41:y:2021:i:4:p:499-528 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jamey M. B. Volker Author-X-Name-First: Jamey M. B. Author-X-Name-Last: Volker Author-Name: Susan Handy Author-X-Name-First: Susan Author-X-Name-Last: Handy Title: Economic impacts on local businesses of investments in bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure: a review of the evidence Abstract: Local officials in North America frequently face opposition to new or expanded bicycle or pedestrian facilities. The most vocal opponents are usually motorists and local business owners who fear that the removal of or reductions in vehicular parking or travel lanes will reduce patronage from motorists and that any increased patronage from pedestrians or cyclists will not offset the lost revenues. A lack of direct evidence on the economic impacts of facilities on local businesses has made it difficult to support or debunk such fears. A lack of quantitative evidence in particular has prevented the incorporation of such impacts into cost–benefit analyses. The issue has received enough attention from researchers in recent years that a review of the evidence is now warranted. We reviewed the relevant literature and identified 23 studies, focusing on the US and Canada, that either (1) quantified and compared consumer spending between active travellers and automobile users (n = 8), or (2) quantified an economic impact to local businesses following the installation of bicycle or pedestrian facilities (n = 15). Taken together, the studies indicate that creating or improving active travel facilities generally has positive or non-significant economic impacts on retail and food service businesses abutting or within a short distance of the facilities, though bicycle facilities might have negative economic effects on auto-centric businesses. The results are similar regardless of whether vehicular parking or travel lanes are removed or reduced to make room for the active travel facilities. The studies also highlight best practices for designing future research. Ten of the 15 studies that quantified an economic impact to local businesses used both before-and-after data and comparison sites or other statistical controls for variables unrelated to the active travel facility “treatment;” six of those used statistical testing. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 401-431 Issue: 4 Volume: 41 Year: 2021 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.1912849 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.1912849 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:41:y:2021:i:4:p:401-431 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nikolas Thomopoulos Author-X-Name-First: Nikolas Author-X-Name-Last: Thomopoulos Author-Name: Scott Cohen Author-X-Name-First: Scott Author-X-Name-Last: Cohen Author-Name: Debbie Hopkins Author-X-Name-First: Debbie Author-X-Name-Last: Hopkins Author-Name: Lauren Siegel Author-X-Name-First: Lauren Author-X-Name-Last: Siegel Author-Name: Simon Kimber Author-X-Name-First: Simon Author-X-Name-Last: Kimber Title: All work and no play? Autonomous vehicles and non-commuting journeys Abstract: People travel by car for a wide variety of reasons. A large proportion of household travel is for non-commuting purposes, including social and recreational journeys. The emergence and (potential) diffusion of highly automated vehicles, also known as autonomous vehicles (AVs), could transform the way (some) people work and travel. Should they become mainstream, AVs could reshape patterns of leisure travel. To date, however, the impacts and implications of AVs beyond commuting trips have received minimal attention from transport scholarship. This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of literatures on AVs. It follows PRISMA guidelines and synthesises 63 papers on AV travel focusing on non-commuting journeys, including travel for purposes of leisure, tourism, shopping and visiting friends and relatives. Given the economic importance of the tourism sector and its inherent focus on non-commuting journeys, this analysis is supplemented with a review of the extent to which national tourism strategies of countries leading AV deployment include reference to AVs. The paper reveals an overwhelming focus on commuting journeys in existing AV studies as less than one-fifth of the reviewed academic sources include non-commuting as part of their wider analysis. The review's further key findings are that the interest of publics in AVs for leisure journeys appears to exceed that for commuting, sharing vehicles will be less likely when AVs are used for leisure and there is an absence of recognition in the literature that certain non-commuting journeys will require a lower SAE level of automation. Surprisingly, analysis of the national tourism strategies of countries most prepared to meet the challenges of AVs shows that just three countries make specific reference to AVs within their national tourism strategies. The paper contributes to setting future AV policy agendas by concluding that two gaps must be narrowed: one, the distance between how academic studies predominantly conceive of AV use (commuting) and articulated public interest in AVs for non-commuting journeys; and two, the lack of readiness in certain national tourism strategies to accommodate AVs. As non-commuting journeys are likely to represent some of the earliest trip purposes for which AVs could be adopted, the paper points to the potential barriers to AV uptake by remaining focused on a limited set of trip purposes. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 456-477 Issue: 4 Volume: 41 Year: 2021 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1857460 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1857460 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:41:y:2021:i:4:p:456-477 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ramesh Chandra Majhi Author-X-Name-First: Ramesh Chandra Author-X-Name-Last: Majhi Author-Name: Prakash Ranjitkar Author-X-Name-First: Prakash Author-X-Name-Last: Ranjitkar Author-Name: Mingyue Sheng Author-X-Name-First: Mingyue Author-X-Name-Last: Sheng Author-Name: Grant A. Covic Author-X-Name-First: Grant A. Author-X-Name-Last: Covic Author-Name: Doug James Wilson Author-X-Name-First: Doug James Author-X-Name-Last: Wilson Title: A systematic review of charging infrastructure location problem for electric vehicles Abstract: With the evolving demand for sustainable mobility, adequate charging infrastructure for electric vehicles (EVs) has been growing steadily and wireless power transfer (WPT) technology has been seen as an efficient alternative for EV charging while maintaining seamless traffic flow. This paper reviews the modelling challenges in terms of both static (plug-in) charging (SC) and wireless charging (WC) facilities in a transportation network in terms of system integration, focusing on the evolution of the WPT technology. The first part of the paper provides an overview of all the major progress and achievements made by different research organisations in the area of WPT technology for EV charging. These technologies are ranked based on two indices, namely technological readiness level and system readiness level. The optimal location of WC facilities comes with more design and operational issues than conventional static charging facilities. However, they are similar in terms of the infrastructure modelling approach to locate these charging facilities, as the overall goal is to maximise the network flow and minimise the overall system cost. The second part of the paper assesses different modelling approaches used to analyse the network and locate the charging infrastructure for static and WC facilities. The economic feasibility of the technology is an important consideration for successful system integration as well as the overall performance of the system. As such, this paper also provides a synopsis of different socio-economic studies related to the WC infrastructure allocation problem. Finally, future research directions in this field are discussed based on the knowledge gaps identified from the existing literature. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 432-455 Issue: 4 Volume: 41 Year: 2021 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1854365 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1854365 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:41:y:2021:i:4:p:432-455 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Delia Rambaldini-Gooding Author-X-Name-First: Delia Author-X-Name-Last: Rambaldini-Gooding Author-Name: Luke Molloy Author-X-Name-First: Luke Author-X-Name-Last: Molloy Author-Name: Anne-Maree Parrish Author-X-Name-First: Anne-Maree Author-X-Name-Last: Parrish Author-Name: Michal Strahilevitz Author-X-Name-First: Michal Author-X-Name-Last: Strahilevitz Author-Name: Rodney Clarke Author-X-Name-First: Rodney Author-X-Name-Last: Clarke Author-Name: Josh Mei-Ling Dubrau Author-X-Name-First: Josh Mei-Ling Author-X-Name-Last: Dubrau Author-Name: Pascal Perez Author-X-Name-First: Pascal Author-X-Name-Last: Perez Title: Exploring the impact of public transport including free and subsidised on the physical, mental and social well-being of older adults: a literature review Abstract: Physical activity is one of the most important interventions to improve the health and well-being of populations. Gaining sufficient physical activity can often be difficult for older people, who are less likely to be involved in formal exercise. Older people are also more likely to suffer from social isolation. Active transport is an ideal opportunity to increase both the physical and social well-being of older populations. This literature review investigates the impact of public transport on the health and well-being of older adults and discusses policy implications. A literature search was conducted in CINAHL, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science and ProQuest Social Science databases to identify relevant articles. Fifty-eight articles were identified. Despite the prevalence of public transport including free and subsidised services worldwide, there is only a small body of research on the impact on older people. While limited, the literature on free and subsidised public transport and older people highlights that access has clear benefits for health and well-being. Public transport both promote active transport by encouraging older people to incorporate incidental activity into daily routines. We review literature showing that active transport positively affects older people’s physical health, as well as their mental health by enabling them to maintain social networks, thus reducing social isolation. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 600-616 Issue: 5 Volume: 41 Year: 2021 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.1872731 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.1872731 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:41:y:2021:i:5:p:600-616 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Meredith Glaser Author-X-Name-First: Meredith Author-X-Name-Last: Glaser Author-Name: Sean Mottles Author-X-Name-First: Sean Author-X-Name-Last: Mottles Title: Right of way: race, class, and the silent epidemic of pedestrian deaths in America Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 712-713 Issue: 5 Volume: 41 Year: 2021 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.1931552 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.1931552 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:41:y:2021:i:5:p:712-713 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ane Dalsnes Storsæter Author-X-Name-First: Ane Dalsnes Author-X-Name-Last: Storsæter Author-Name: Kelly Pitera Author-X-Name-First: Kelly Author-X-Name-Last: Pitera Author-Name: Edward D. McCormack Author-X-Name-First: Edward D. Author-X-Name-Last: McCormack Title: The automated driver as a new road user Abstract: Although road infrastructure has been designed to accommodate human drivers’ physiology and psychology for over a century, human error has always been the main cause of traffic accidents. Consequently, Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) have been developed to mitigate human shortcomings. These automated functions are becoming more sophisticated allowing for Automated Driving Systems (ADS) to drive under an increasing number of road conditions. Due to this evolution, a new automated road user has become increasingly relevant for both road owners and the vehicle industry alike. While this automated driver is currently operating on roads designed for human drivers, in the future, infrastructure policies may be designed specifically to accommodate automated drivers. However, the current literature on ADSs does not cover all driving processes. A unified framework for human and automated driver, covering all driving processes, is therefore presented. The unified driving framework, based on theoretical models of human driving and robotics, highlights the importance of sensory input in all driving processes. How human and automated drivers sense their environment is therefore compared to uncover differences between the two road users relevant to adapt road design and maintenance to include the automated driver. The main differences identified between human and automated drivers are that (1) the automated driver has a much greater range of electromagnetic sensitivity and larger field of view, and (2) that the two road users interpret sensory input in different ways. Based on these findings, future research directions for road design and maintenance are suggested. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 533-555 Issue: 5 Volume: 41 Year: 2021 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1861124 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1861124 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:41:y:2021:i:5:p:533-555 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Linda E. Karjalainen Author-X-Name-First: Linda E. Author-X-Name-Last: Karjalainen Author-Name: Sirkku Juhola Author-X-Name-First: Sirkku Author-X-Name-Last: Juhola Title: Urban transportation sustainability assessments: a systematic review of literature Abstract: The volume of urban transportation sustainability assessments in academic literature has steadily increased over the last two decades. This paper targets these studies through the first systematic literature review to construct a synthesised and critical overview of how urban transportation sustainability is in fact assessed. The sample consists of 99 peer-reviewed articles retrieved via three scientific search engines. The results reveal a Europe-centric and single-case focus, a strong interest to introduce new indicator systems with limited references to previous work, and a lack of qualitative approaches and stakeholder diversity regarding the assessment methods. Nearly 2400 indicators are identified in the articles with significant variation in their use. Furthermore, the comprehensive accounting for sustainability is often overlooked, and the inconclusive assessment results are often noted by the authors of the sample articles themselves. Our findings signal that the research field is highly fragmented and to some extent fails to accumulate knowledge generated by past studies and to comprehensively operationalise the concept of sustainability. The identified shortcomings of the assessments and their implications for transportation policy-making and planning are highlighted, and based on our results recommendations to develop more reliable, comparable, and inclusive sustainability assessments for the urban transportation sector are made. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 659-684 Issue: 5 Volume: 41 Year: 2021 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.1879309 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.1879309 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:41:y:2021:i:5:p:659-684 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andreia Martinho Author-X-Name-First: Andreia Author-X-Name-Last: Martinho Author-Name: Nils Herber Author-X-Name-First: Nils Author-X-Name-Last: Herber Author-Name: Maarten Kroesen Author-X-Name-First: Maarten Author-X-Name-Last: Kroesen Author-Name: Caspar Chorus Author-X-Name-First: Caspar Author-X-Name-Last: Chorus Title: Ethical issues in focus by the autonomous vehicles industry Abstract: The onset of autonomous driving has provided fertile ground for discussions about ethics in recent years. These discussions are heavily documented in the scientific literature and have mainly revolved around extreme traffic situations depicted as moral dilemmas, i.e. situations in which the autonomous vehicle (AV) is required to make a difficult moral choice. Quite surprisingly, little is known about the ethical issues in focus by the AV industry. General claims have been made about the struggles of companies regarding the ethical issues of AVs but these lack proper substantiation. As private companies are highly influential on the development and acceptance of AV technologies, a meaningful debate about the ethics of AVs should take into account the ethical issues prioritised by industry. In order to assess the awareness and engagement of industry on the ethics of AVs, we inspected the narratives in the official business and technical reports of companies with an AV testing permit in California. The findings of our literature and industry review suggest that: (i) given the plethora of ethical issues addressed in the reports, autonomous driving companies seem to be aware of and engaged in the ethics of autonomous driving technology; (ii) scientific literature and industry reports prioritise safety and cybersecurity; (iii) scientific and industry communities agree that AVs will not eliminate the risk of accidents; (iv) scientific literature on AV technology ethics is dominated by discussions about the trolley problem; (v) moral dilemmas resembling trolley cases are not addressed in industry reports but there are nuanced allusions that unravel underlying concerns about these extreme traffic situations; (vi) autonomous driving companies have different approaches with respect to the authority of remote operators; and (vii) companies seem invested in a lowest liability risk design strategy relying on rules and regulations, expedite investigations, and crash/collision avoidance algorithms. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 556-577 Issue: 5 Volume: 41 Year: 2021 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1862355 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1862355 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:41:y:2021:i:5:p:556-577 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jayita Chakraborty Author-X-Name-First: Jayita Author-X-Name-Last: Chakraborty Author-Name: Debapratim Pandit Author-X-Name-First: Debapratim Author-X-Name-Last: Pandit Author-Name: Felix Chan Author-X-Name-First: Felix Author-X-Name-Last: Chan Author-Name: Jianhong (Cecilia) Xia Author-X-Name-First: Jianhong (Cecilia) Author-X-Name-Last: Xia Title: A review of Ride-Matching strategies for Ridesourcing and other similar services Abstract: Ridesourcing services have emerged as a popular alternative for commuters in metropolitan areas. There is a significant spatio-temporal variation of demand and supply for such services, which requires efficient ride-matching strategies to ensure optimal allocation of trips to drivers and users. This paper reviews different ride-matching techniques/strategies that highlight the outlook of different stakeholders, such as, drivers, users, and service providers and summarises the impacts of the matching process on the ideologies of the stakeholders. The review found that searching techniques guide the primary stakeholders like riders and drivers, and the assignment techniques ensure trip allotment. We also observed that fleet size is an important attribute to ensure availability as well as the assignment of ridesourcing services in an urban area. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 578-599 Issue: 5 Volume: 41 Year: 2021 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2020.1866096 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2020.1866096 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:41:y:2021:i:5:p:578-599 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nicola Christie Author-X-Name-First: Nicola Author-X-Name-Last: Christie Title: Pandemic and recovery: what are the implications for road safety? Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 529-532 Issue: 5 Volume: 41 Year: 2021 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.1920706 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.1920706 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:41:y:2021:i:5:p:529-532 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rico Lee-Ting Cho Author-X-Name-First: Rico Lee-Ting Author-X-Name-Last: Cho Author-Name: John S. Liu Author-X-Name-First: John S. Author-X-Name-Last: Liu Author-Name: Mei Hsiu-Ching Ho Author-X-Name-First: Mei Hsiu-Ching Author-X-Name-Last: Ho Title: The development of autonomous driving technology: perspectives from patent citation analysis Abstract: Autonomous vehicles have been widely discussed recently due to the rapid advancement of related technologies and high growth potential in many markets around the world. To take a strategic position for coping with their fast development, business strategists have to find out the key players and how these players share technological information in the knowledge network. This research particularly explores the main technologies that have been developed and applied in this field by conducting a systematic and quantitative analysis to answer these questions. We analyse U.S. patents related to autonomous driving technology in a systematic manner through cross-citation analysis (CCA) and main path analysis (MPA). The former reveals knowledge flow among major players, while the latter uncovers the technology development trajectory and the associated players. The results of CCA indicate that several companies (e.g. Google and GM) in the U.S. utilise locational advantage to build an industrial chain and to facilitate knowledge exchange. MPA results reveal a development trajectory and the key players at different development phases. Our analysis infers four trends. First, more solutions in communication systems will be patented in the future as communication is crucial to realise vehicle-to-everything. Second, perception technologies are integrating with artificial intelligence to enhance vehicle autonomy. Third, players with roles as “technology developer”, “technology integrator”, and “technology implementer” in different development phases are together advancing autonomous driving technologies. Fourth, traditional vehicle makers are expected to strengthen their cooperation with Information and Communication Technology (ICT) companies for the purpose of obtaining communication and data technologies. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 685-711 Issue: 5 Volume: 41 Year: 2021 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.1879310 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.1879310 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:41:y:2021:i:5:p:685-711 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stefan Gössling Author-X-Name-First: Stefan Author-X-Name-Last: Gössling Author-Name: Chris Lyle Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Lyle Title: Transition policies for climatically sustainable aviation Abstract: Emissions from aviation are expected to grow. With evidence that the International Civil Aviation Organization’s Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation is an inadequate mitigation mechanism, there is interest in upscaling the sector’s climate-related policies. This paper reviews potential aviation emissions mitigation policies against the background of emerging complexities, such as the large share of radiative forcing not covered under any policy agreement, as well as highly skewed demand distributions. In total, 30 voluntary, market-based and regulatory “transition policies” are identified and evaluated with regard to their potential to reduce emissions from air passenger transport and to initiate the transition to new fuels and propulsion technologies. The paper also discusses the potential public acceptance of differing policies. It concludes that the removal of fossil fuel and related subsidies represents a priority, supported by policy mixes comprising levies (CO2, frequent fliers, premium classes) and a feed-in quota for definitively established sustainable aviation fuels. To reduce flight emissions is feasible in principle, but will require policy initiatives at the national level or at the level of regional jurisdictions such as the European Union. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 643-658 Issue: 5 Volume: 41 Year: 2021 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.1938284 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.1938284 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:41:y:2021:i:5:p:643-658 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Niranjan Poudel Author-X-Name-First: Niranjan Author-X-Name-Last: Poudel Author-Name: Patrick A. Singleton Author-X-Name-First: Patrick A. Author-X-Name-Last: Singleton Title: Bicycle safety at roundabouts: a systematic literature review Abstract: As roundabouts become increasingly popular, and as many communities promote bicycle use, the safety of roundabouts for people bicycling is of major concern. Although converting an intersection to a roundabout may reduce crashes overall, some research from northern Europe suggests that roundabouts may actually increase the frequency of bicycle crashes. We perform a systematic literature review on this topic, reviewing 49 different resources with empirical findings (most from Europe, some from Australia/New Zealand, few from the US). Many studies analyse (limited) bicycle crash data or observe driver/cyclist behaviours and interactions, while a few survey cyclists’ safety perceptions. Consistent with design guidance, bicycle safety performance is worse for higher-speed, multilane roundabouts and when on-roadway bike lanes are provided. Crash data and observations suggest that when cyclists “take the lane” and operate as vehicles – as is allowed or even recommended in some current design guidelines – this leads to conflicts and crashes between circulating cyclists and entering drivers who may have “looked but failed to see” (and thus failed to yield to) the cyclist. Providing separated cycle paths around the roundabout seems to be a lower-risk and more comfortable design solution, although care must be taken to encourage appropriate yielding at crossings. Future research should investigate more design features, socio-demographic characteristics, cyclist safety perceptions, and impacts outside of Europe. Studies should continue to explore ways to overcome limited bicycle crash and exposure data and to utilise naturalistic methods, driving simulators, and stated choice experiments. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 617-642 Issue: 5 Volume: 41 Year: 2021 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.1877207 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.1877207 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:41:y:2021:i:5:p:617-642 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xiao Wen Author-X-Name-First: Xiao Author-X-Name-Last: Wen Author-Name: Yuanchang Xie Author-X-Name-First: Yuanchang Author-X-Name-Last: Xie Author-Name: Liming Jiang Author-X-Name-First: Liming Author-X-Name-Last: Jiang Author-Name: Ziyuan Pu Author-X-Name-First: Ziyuan Author-X-Name-Last: Pu Author-Name: Tingjian Ge Author-X-Name-First: Tingjian Author-X-Name-Last: Ge Title: Applications of machine learning methods in traffic crash severity modelling: current status and future directions Abstract: As a key area of traffic safety research, crash severity modelling has attracted tremendous attention. Recently, there has been growing interest in applying machine learning (ML) methods in this area. However, the lessons and experience learned so far have not been systematically documented and summarised. This is the first article that surveys studies on ML applications in crash severity modelling and has the following major contributions: (1) it provides a comprehensive and critical review of current research efforts; (2) it summarises the successful experience and main challenges (e.g. data and methodology); and (3) it identifies promising research opportunities towards accurate and reliable crash severity modelling and results interpretation. The review results suggest that imbalanced data remains a major issue. Under- and over-samplings are often used to balance crash severity data despite their limitations. Some studies use local sensitivity analysis (LSA) to interpret ML modelling results but ignore the strict assumptions of LSA and omit the joint effects of risk factors. Moreover, very few studies consider the accuracy and reliability of ML model evaluation metrics. Other issues include spatiotemporal correlations, causality, model transferability and heterogeneity. This paper concludes by providing suggestions on model selection and modification to address the identified issues and recommendations for future research. For example, employing advanced ML methods such as graph convolutional networks (GCN) to model spatiotemporal correlations; exploring innovative ways of applying ML methods; and leveraging new developments in ML (e.g. interpretable ML) to derive causal relationships and interpret modelling results. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 855-879 Issue: 6 Volume: 41 Year: 2021 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.1954108 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.1954108 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:41:y:2021:i:6:p:855-879 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roja Ezzati Amini Author-X-Name-First: Roja Author-X-Name-Last: Ezzati Amini Author-Name: Christos Katrakazas Author-X-Name-First: Christos Author-X-Name-Last: Katrakazas Author-Name: Andreas Riener Author-X-Name-First: Andreas Author-X-Name-Last: Riener Author-Name: Constantinos Antoniou Author-X-Name-First: Constantinos Author-X-Name-Last: Antoniou Title: Interaction of automated driving systems with pedestrians: challenges, current solutions, and recommendations for eHMIs Abstract: The conventional form of traffic interaction undergoes a notable change with the integration of automated driving systems as a new road user, into the public roads. This may be more challenging during the transition phase, while manual-driven vehicles are still on the road, and the road infrastructure is not fully ready for merging such vehicles into the traffic patterns. Therefore, developing a robust interaction method is crucial to ensure the safety of those users interacting with automated driving systems and to ensure the efficiency of these systems on the road. For this purpose, the interaction of automated driving systems with pedestrians, as one of the most vulnerable road user groups, is investigated in this paper. Previous studies have shown the necessity for a comprehensive understanding of pedestrian behaviours and intentions, their responses to different stimuli on the road, the factors influencing their decisions during the interaction, and various external communication techniques among road users. As a result, a wide range of factors related to the communication environment, pedestrian characteristics, and existing communication methods have been found to be significant in the decision-making process of pedestrians. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 788-813 Issue: 6 Volume: 41 Year: 2021 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.1914771 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.1914771 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:41:y:2021:i:6:p:788-813 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jérémy Gelb Author-X-Name-First: Jérémy Author-X-Name-Last: Gelb Author-Name: Philippe Apparicio Author-X-Name-First: Philippe Author-X-Name-Last: Apparicio Title: Cyclists’ exposure to atmospheric and noise pollution: a systematic literature review Abstract: Cyclists constitute a population particularly exposed to atmospheric and noise pollution in urban environments; at the same time, they contribute to its reduction. For about ten years now, more and more studies have been completed to assess cyclists’ exposure, comparing this mode of transportation with others, quantifying its impacts in term of individual and collective health, understanding cyclists’ perceptions regarding their exposure, etc. Though some literature reviews have examined some of these specific issues, none have yet proposed a general overview of this field of study. Therefore, this mapping literature review fills this gap by jointly analysing 205 articles and identifying elements of consensus and disagreement, as well as existing gaps. Among others, our results indicate that the cities in the South and exposure to noise are under-studied and that cyclists’ ventilation is still too rarely accounted for, regardless of the type of studies. Modelling studies regarding exposure are too heterogeneous methodologically to allow a generalisation of their results. Conversely, intermodal comparison studies clearly indicate overexposure for cyclists compared to other modes. Also, health studies conclude that, either individually or collectively, the benefits of cycling surpass the costs of exposure to atmospheric pollution. The knowledge produced by this research trend remains difficult to exploit by urban planners, but the recent work done seems to offer more practical perspectives to professionals. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 742-765 Issue: 6 Volume: 41 Year: 2021 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.1895361 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.1895361 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:41:y:2021:i:6:p:742-765 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ruben A. Kuipers Author-X-Name-First: Ruben A. Author-X-Name-Last: Kuipers Author-Name: Carl-William Palmqvist Author-X-Name-First: Carl-William Author-X-Name-Last: Palmqvist Author-Name: Nils O.E. Olsson Author-X-Name-First: Nils O.E. Author-X-Name-Last: Olsson Author-Name: Lena Winslott Hiselius Author-X-Name-First: Lena Author-X-Name-Last: Winslott Hiselius Title: The passenger’s influence on dwell times at station platforms: a literature review Abstract: Dwell time delays, although small in nature, can accumulate to a large delay over the entire journey of a train. It is, however, difficult to precisely know the amount of time which is required at stations due to the inherent variance in human behaviour. Furthermore, planning practices do not seem to capture the dynamic nature of the dwell time process. The current literature review focusses on the influence that passengers have on the length and variance of dwell times at stations. More specifically, this study focusses on the underlying causes for the distribution of passengers along a platform while waiting for the train to arrive at the station and their behaviour during the boarding and alighting process. As part of this review, two databases were systematically searched, and backwards snowballing techniques were applied. To ensure the quality of the included literature, a systematic quality appraisal was carried out. The findings show that measures related to platform management and changes to train operations have the potential to play a substantial role in reducing the variance in dwell times, as well as improvements in the provision of information to travellers. Such measures also allow for a more solution-oriented approach. However, the actual benefits of such measures need further studying. The findings also show that the distribution of passengers and the behaviour of passengers during the boarding and alighting process are connected and should thus be addressed as a whole rather than separate aspects. The majority of the studies included in this review did, however, not focus on both elements in conjunction. There is thus a need for future studies into the effect of platform management measures where efforts must be made to better understand the impact of measures on both the behaviour and distribution of passengers. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 721-741 Issue: 6 Volume: 41 Year: 2021 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.1887960 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.1887960 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:41:y:2021:i:6:p:721-741 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jung Eun Park Author-X-Name-First: Jung Eun Author-X-Name-Last: Park Title: Schedule delays of major projects: what should we do about it? Abstract: Cost overruns and schedule delays are one of the most common reasons for project failure. Although schedule delays not only result in significant financial implications to project sponsors but also lead to substantial social costs to the public, scant attention has been dedicated to schedule delays [Padalkar, M., & Gopinath, S. (2016). Six decades of project management research: Thematic trends and future opportunities. International Journal of Project Management, 34(7), 1305–1321]. This study therefore investigates the frequency, magnitude, and characteristics of schedule delays occurring during the construction of 113 large public procurements built in the U.S. and the U.K. between 1999 and 2018. Through tests of hypotheses, this study finds that there is a gap between presumptions and reality. Although extensive efforts were made to project controls in the U.S. and the U.K. over the last two decades, this study also finds that project performance has not improved at all from a schedule perspective. In order to address the issue, this study then suggests reference class forecasting to develop more realistic and reliable schedule estimates. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 814-832 Issue: 6 Volume: 41 Year: 2021 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.1915897 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.1915897 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:41:y:2021:i:6:p:814-832 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Glenn Lyons Author-X-Name-First: Glenn Author-X-Name-Last: Lyons Title: Reviewing transport in light of the pandemic Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 715-720 Issue: 6 Volume: 41 Year: 2021 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.1962609 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.1962609 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:41:y:2021:i:6:p:715-720 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lake Sagaris Author-X-Name-First: Lake Author-X-Name-Last: Sagaris Title: An analysis of the role of cycling in sustainable urban mobility Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 880-882 Issue: 6 Volume: 41 Year: 2021 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.1906351 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.1906351 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:41:y:2021:i:6:p:880-882 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Giovanni Vecchio Author-X-Name-First: Giovanni Author-X-Name-Last: Vecchio Author-Name: Karel Martens Author-X-Name-First: Karel Author-X-Name-Last: Martens Title: Accessibility and the Capabilities Approach: a review of the literature and proposal for conceptual advancements Abstract: The Capability Approach, developed by Sen and Nussbaum, has recently gained increasing attention in the transport literature. This paper adds to this growing body of literature by investigating how the approach can generate consistent evaluative approaches to inform (urban) transport planning. The paper reviews the mobility literature that has investigated the Capabilities Approach and identifies the opportunities and challenges of employing the approach as a basis for transport planning. The review highlights the different, and sometimes patchy, ways in which the key notions of the approach have been conceptualised and operationalised. Discussing this growing but scattered literature, the paper embraces the emerging direction that understands accessibility as the capability that transport planning and policy should consider. Further refining this understanding, the paper proposes a twofold evaluative approach combining a top-down and a bottom-up component to capture the myriad of conversion factors shaping people’s accessibility-as-capability and functioning. By systematically adopting the Capabilities Approach, transport planning and mobility policies will be directed to enhancing each person’s freedom to pursue the life they have reason to value in contemporary societies. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 833-854 Issue: 6 Volume: 41 Year: 2021 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.1931551 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.1931551 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:41:y:2021:i:6:p:833-854 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kate Hosford Author-X-Name-First: Kate Author-X-Name-Last: Hosford Author-Name: Caislin Firth Author-X-Name-First: Caislin Author-X-Name-Last: Firth Author-Name: Michael Brauer Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Brauer Author-Name: Meghan Winters Author-X-Name-First: Meghan Author-X-Name-Last: Winters Title: The effects of road pricing on transportation and health equity: a scoping review Abstract: Road pricing is increasingly considered as an option to support transportation infrastructure costs, manage demand, and reduce emissions. However, the extent to which implementation of such approaches may impact transportation and health equity is unclear. In this scoping review, we examine the differential transportation and health effects of road pricing policies across population groups and geographic region. We conducted a systematic database search of Transport Research International Documentation, GEOBASE, Scopus, and Ovid Medline, supplemented by bibliographic review and internet searches. Fifteen studies were included in the review. The studies evaluated area and cordon road pricing systems in Singapore, London, Stockholm, Milan, and Gothenburg, and had a median follow-up period of 12 months. Outcomes evaluated include car commuting, mode shift to public transit, accessibility to destinations, affordability, welfare, social interactions, air pollution, traffic injuries and deaths, acute asthma attacks, and life expectancy. While more studies across diverse urban contexts and policy settings will be needed to strengthen the evidence base, the existing evidence suggests road pricing has mostly net positive effects related to a reduction in car trips, air pollution, asthma attacks, and road traffic collisions, and increases in life expectancy. Frequency and ease of social interactions were found to be negatively impacted, with fewer visits to family and friends. The population groups that generally fared better across transportation and health outcomes were those with higher incomes, men, and people between the ages of 35–55. Across space, there are benefits for both the areas inside and outside the cordon boundary, but to a greater degree for the area inside. Overall, the evidence base is limited by a narrow set of health-related outcomes and a lack of longer-term studies. We did not come across any studies assessing distributional effects of noise pollution, mode shifts to walking or cycling, or other morbidities in the general population that are not listed above. In addition, there are few evaluations that include non-work trips, therefore potentially missing effects for unemployed populations or women who are more likely to make non-work trips. We find that the limited body of evidence on area and cordon pricing policies suggests these policies are beneficial for a number of transportation and health outcomes, particularly for populations inside the cordon area, but that there may be some degree of inequities in the distribution of the benefits and burdens. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 766-787 Issue: 6 Volume: 41 Year: 2021 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.1898488 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.1898488 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:41:y:2021:i:6:p:766-787 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rahul Goel Author-X-Name-First: Rahul Author-X-Name-Last: Goel Author-Name: Anna Goodman Author-X-Name-First: Anna Author-X-Name-Last: Goodman Author-Name: Rachel Aldred Author-X-Name-First: Rachel Author-X-Name-Last: Aldred Author-Name: Ryota Nakamura Author-X-Name-First: Ryota Author-X-Name-Last: Nakamura Author-Name: Lambed Tatah Author-X-Name-First: Lambed Author-X-Name-Last: Tatah Author-Name: Leandro Martin Totaro Garcia Author-X-Name-First: Leandro Martin Totaro Author-X-Name-Last: Garcia Author-Name: Belen Zapata-Diomedi Author-X-Name-First: Belen Author-X-Name-Last: Zapata-Diomedi Author-Name: Thiago Herick de Sa Author-X-Name-First: Thiago Herick Author-X-Name-Last: de Sa Author-Name: Geetam Tiwari Author-X-Name-First: Geetam Author-X-Name-Last: Tiwari Author-Name: Audrey de Nazelle Author-X-Name-First: Audrey Author-X-Name-Last: de Nazelle Author-Name: Marko Tainio Author-X-Name-First: Marko Author-X-Name-Last: Tainio Author-Name: Ralph Buehler Author-X-Name-First: Ralph Author-X-Name-Last: Buehler Author-Name: Thomas Götschi Author-X-Name-First: Thomas Author-X-Name-Last: Götschi Author-Name: James Woodcock Author-X-Name-First: James Author-X-Name-Last: Woodcock Title: Cycling behaviour in 17 countries across 6 continents: levels of cycling, who cycles, for what purpose, and how far? Abstract: International comparisons of cycling behaviour have typically been limited to high-income countries and often limited to the prevalence of cycling, with lack of discussions on demographic and trip characteristics. We used a combination of city, regional, and national travel surveys from 17 countries across the six continents, ranging from years 2009 through 2019. We present a descriptive analysis of cycling behaviour including level of cycling, trip purpose and distance, and user demographics, at the city-level for 35 major cities (>1 million population) and in urbanised areas nationwide for 11 countries. The Netherlands, Japan and Germany are among the highest cycling countries and their cities among the highest cycling cities. In cities and countries with high cycling levels, cycling rates tend to be more equal between work and non-work trips, whereas in geographies with low cycling levels, cycling to work is higher than cycling for other trips. In terms of cycling distance, patterns in high- and low-cycling geographies are more similar. We found a strong positive association between the level of cycling and women’s representation among cyclists. In almost all geographies with cycling mode share greater than 7% women made as many cycle trips as men, and sometimes even greater. The share of cycling trips by women is much lower in geographies with cycling mode shares less than 7%. Among the geographies with higher levels of cycling, children (<16 years) are often overrepresented. Older adults (>60 years) remain underrepresented in all geographies but have relatively better representation where levels of cycling are high. In low-cycling settings, females are underrepresented across all the age groups, and more so when older than 16 years. With increasing level of cycling, representation of females improves across all the age groups, and most significantly among children and older adults. Clustering the cities and countries into homogeneous cycling typologies reveals that high cycling levels always coincide with high representation of females and good representations of all age groups. In low-cycling settings, it is the reverse. We recommend that evaluations of cycling policies include usage by gender and age groups as benchmarks in addition to overall use. To achieve representation across different age and gender groups, making neighbourhoods cycling friendly and developing safer routes to school, should be equally high on the agenda as cycling corridors that often cater to commuting traffic. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 58-81 Issue: 1 Volume: 42 Year: 2022 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.1915898 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.1915898 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:42:y:2022:i:1:p:58-81 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Khashayar Kazemzadeh Author-X-Name-First: Khashayar Author-X-Name-Last: Kazemzadeh Author-Name: Enrico Ronchi Author-X-Name-First: Enrico Author-X-Name-Last: Ronchi Title: From bike to electric bike level-of-service Abstract: The evaluation of electric bike (e-bike) riders’ perception of comfort can lead to a better understanding of user requirements. This can be performed through Level-of-service (LOS) studies. To date, the e-bike LOS (ELOS) concept is scarcely developed and research concerning e-bike travel behaviour characteristics is relatively sparse. In this paper, we use bike LOS (BLOS) studies as a foundation to identify the knowledge gap for ELOS. Along with BLOS, e-bike riding comfort and the distinction between bikes and e-bikes characteristics were scrutinised. Travel behaviour, and e-bike modal substitution research were also reviewed to provide a better picture of e-bike riders’ requirements. Based on these domains, we propose a preliminary conceptual framework for the development of ELOS. The results suggest that there is a limited number of studies that whether explicitly evaluate ELOS or consider the e-bike in the BLOS analysis. Also, the extent of substitution of cars, public transport, and bikes by e-bikes can range from partial to complete replacement, thus potentially affecting ELOS developments. The specification of this substitution contributes to a deeper understanding of the ELOS concept in relation to the adaptation of LOS indices used for other transport modes. Finally, it appears evident that ELOS developments would require further research on e-bike interaction analysis in shared mobility in which vulnerable road users are present. The findings of this study help researchers and policy-makers assessing the knowledge gap in ELOS and provide them a preliminary conceptual framework for ELOS development. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 6-31 Issue: 1 Volume: 42 Year: 2022 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.1900450 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.1900450 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:42:y:2022:i:1:p:6-31 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jiahe Bian Author-X-Name-First: Jiahe Author-X-Name-Last: Bian Author-Name: Wei Li Author-X-Name-First: Wei Author-X-Name-Last: Li Author-Name: Sinan Zhong Author-X-Name-First: Sinan Author-X-Name-Last: Zhong Author-Name: Chanam Lee Author-X-Name-First: Chanam Author-X-Name-Last: Lee Author-Name: Margaret Foster Author-X-Name-First: Margaret Author-X-Name-Last: Foster Author-Name: Xinyue Ye Author-X-Name-First: Xinyue Author-X-Name-Last: Ye Title: The end-user benefits of smartphone transit apps: a systematic literature review Abstract: Transit apps are cost-efficient strategies to facilitate transit use. This study is the first systematic review that synthesises the literature on these apps’ end-user benefits. We identified limitations in the existing knowledge in terms of study methods, population, and scopes. This review offers insights to guide researchers and policymakers to unlock the potential of transit apps in promoting the use and experience of public transit. We conducted the literature searches in August 2020, covering studies published between 2010 and 2020 from TRID, Compendex, Business Source Ultimate Ebsco, and Acad Search Ultimate Ebsco. Articles were screened and reviewed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. In total, 13 out of 3,812 articles met our pre-specified eligibility criteria. We identified key user benefits in three domains: perception and psychological changes, time savings on trips, and travel behaviour changes. These studies found that smartphone transit apps may improve the perceived reliability of transit services, increase perceived safety, reduce anxiety while waiting, and build a positive image of transit. Also, transit apps could help users reduce wait time at transit stops. Studies further reported that smartphone transit apps have the potential to boost ridership. After critically assessing the articles, we recommended future studies to improve study designs, adjust study populations, and expand study scopes. First, future studies about travel behaviour impacts would need to adopt more rigorous study designs and methods. Second, more studies about infrequent riders and non-riders are needed. Third, current studies have not paid enough attention to the important subgroup of captive riders, such as riders in rural areas who rely on infrequent and unreliable transit services. Fourth, more empirical evidence is needed to quantify the impacts of public sector transit apps. Trip planning and mobile ticketing functions of transit apps are overlooked. Fifth, the established theoretical framework about travel behaviours and emerging technologies could serve as solid theoretical bases and would need to be integrated into future research designs. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 82-101 Issue: 1 Volume: 42 Year: 2022 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.1950864 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.1950864 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:42:y:2022:i:1:p:82-101 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bhuvanachithra Chidambaram Author-X-Name-First: Bhuvanachithra Author-X-Name-Last: Chidambaram Title: Measuring transport equity Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 127-128 Issue: 1 Volume: 42 Year: 2022 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.1983068 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.1983068 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:42:y:2022:i:1:p:127-128 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jonas De Vos Author-X-Name-First: Jonas Author-X-Name-Last: De Vos Author-Name: Ahmed El-Geneidy Author-X-Name-First: Ahmed Author-X-Name-Last: El-Geneidy Title: What is a good transport review paper? Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 1-5 Issue: 1 Volume: 42 Year: 2022 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.2001996 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.2001996 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:42:y:2022:i:1:p:1-5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ahmed Mohssen Abdelmagid Author-X-Name-First: Ahmed Mohssen Author-X-Name-Last: Abdelmagid Author-Name: Mohamed Samir Gheith Author-X-Name-First: Mohamed Samir Author-X-Name-Last: Gheith Author-Name: Amr Bahgat Eltawil Author-X-Name-First: Amr Bahgat Author-X-Name-Last: Eltawil Title: A comprehensive review of the truck appointment scheduling models and directions for future research Abstract: The performance of a container terminal is typically evaluated using two main indicators: the vessel berthing time and the truck turnaround time. These two indicators are significantly influenced by the truck’s arrivals and departures to/from the container terminal. In the truck appointment scheduling problem, it is desired to designate a time slot for each truck to pick up/deliver a container from/to the container terminal while considering the objectives and constraints of the terminal and the trucking companies. Truck appointment systems are considered as a solution to control the truck arrivals and improve terminal efficiency. This paper presents a comprehensive review and analysis of the literature addressing the external truck appointment scheduling problem and presents possible directions for future research. After explaining the problem and its importance, the reviewed literature is classified based on three main categories: control and decision perspectives, modelling methodologies, and collaboration between stakeholders. Furthermore, the impact of implementing information and communication technologies on the external truck appointment scheduling problem is addressed. The paper covers the most recent publications and discusses their contributions. Besides, research gaps and future research directions are concluded. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 102-126 Issue: 1 Volume: 42 Year: 2022 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.1955034 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.1955034 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:42:y:2022:i:1:p:102-126 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anne Durand Author-X-Name-First: Anne Author-X-Name-Last: Durand Author-Name: Toon Zijlstra Author-X-Name-First: Toon Author-X-Name-Last: Zijlstra Author-Name: Niels van Oort Author-X-Name-First: Niels Author-X-Name-Last: van Oort Author-Name: Sascha Hoogendoorn-Lanser Author-X-Name-First: Sascha Author-X-Name-Last: Hoogendoorn-Lanser Author-Name: Serge Hoogendoorn Author-X-Name-First: Serge Author-X-Name-Last: Hoogendoorn Title: Access denied? Digital inequality in transport services Abstract: Digitalisation in transport services offers many benefits for travellers. However, not everyone is willing or able to follow the new, more or less formal requirements digitalisation has brought along. Existing reviews on the intersection between Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and mobility cover a range of vantage points, but the perspective of how various levels of engagement with digital technologies affect access and navigation of transport services has not been addressed yet. In communication science, studying disparities in terms of ICT appropriation and their consequences is known as digital inequality research. This review paper aims at shedding light on what digital inequality in the context of transport services consists of and what its consequences are. To do so, we define and use a conceptual framework for the analysis of digital inequality in transport services. The review of the twenty-five papers, as selected in our systematic literature search, shows that there is a burgeoning interest in this topic. Vulnerability to digitalisation in transport services exists along dimensions of age, income, education, ethnicity, gender and geographical region. We find that motivations and material access get more attention than digital skills and effective usage. Nevertheless, literature acknowledges that having material access to technology does not mean that people benefit from what technology has to offer. Furthermore, the characteristics of ICTs impact one’s possibilities to access digital technologies, such as how user-friendly a technology is. Data-driven and algorithm-based decision-making present a particularly pernicious form of digital exclusion from transport services. As digital technologies are progressively becoming indispensable to navigate the world of transport services, low levels of digital engagement may create a new layer of transport disadvantage, possibly on top of existing ones. Although digitalisation can be part of the solution to transport disadvantage, it can also be part of the problem. With network effects at play, what might start as a relative disadvantage may turn into an absolute disadvantage. Given the nascent state of research on digital inequality in transport services, much remains to be understood. Suggested research avenues include mechanisms of digital exclusion from transport services, the contribution of digital inequality to transport disadvantage, and importantly, solutions to mitigate its impacts. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 32-57 Issue: 1 Volume: 42 Year: 2022 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.1923584 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.1923584 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:42:y:2022:i:1:p:32-57 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pavlos Tafidis Author-X-Name-First: Pavlos Author-X-Name-Last: Tafidis Author-Name: Haneen Farah Author-X-Name-First: Haneen Author-X-Name-Last: Farah Author-Name: Tom Brijs Author-X-Name-First: Tom Author-X-Name-Last: Brijs Author-Name: Ali Pirdavani Author-X-Name-First: Ali Author-X-Name-Last: Pirdavani Title: Safety implications of higher levels of automated vehicles: a scoping review Abstract: Automated vehicles (AVs) promise to improve road safety, reduce traffic congestion and emissions, and enhance mobility. However, evidence regarding their safety benefits has not been systematically investigated and documented. In this study, we utilise a scoping review approach to investigate and synthesise the existing literature on higher levels of AVs’ safety implications. This aids future relevant studies by identifying the research gaps and reporting the methodological approaches used. The review focused not only on peer-reviewed articles but also on grey literature to provide a comprehensive overview of the current research state. In total, 5724 articles were identified, and 4167 records were screened after duplicates and dual publications removal, from which 27 were found eligible for review. Ultimately, 24 studies met all the inclusion criteria and were considered for the review. The reported evidence was focused on changes in road safety levels after the deployment of AVs in transport networks. The data was extracted and charted by one reviewer using tables to create a descriptive summary of the results and address the scoping review's questions and objectives. In general, the findings suggest that AVs hold the potential to improve the overall safety on roads, although the existing evidence is not mainly based on real data but assumptions regarding vehicles’ capabilities and behaviour. The limited number of studies and the fact that all of them were published or conducted after 2014 indicate that the research on AVs’ safety impacts is just emerging. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 245-267 Issue: 2 Volume: 42 Year: 2022 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.1971794 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.1971794 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:42:y:2022:i:2:p:245-267 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hao Ding Author-X-Name-First: Hao Author-X-Name-Last: Ding Author-Name: Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris Author-X-Name-First: Anastasia Author-X-Name-Last: Loukaitou-Sideris Author-Name: Jacob L. Wasserman Author-X-Name-First: Jacob L. Author-X-Name-Last: Wasserman Title: Homelessness on public transit: A review of problems and responses Abstract: More than half a million people in the U.S. experience homelessness every day. Lacking other options, many turn to transit vehicles, stops, and stations for shelter. Many also ride public transit to reach various destinations. With affordable housing scarce and the numbers of unhoused individuals often surpassing the capacities of existing safety nets and support systems, transit operators face homelessness as a pressing issue on their systems and must implement policy measures from other realms beyond transportation to address it. Because of the health and safety implications for transit of the COVID-19 pandemic and the anticipated further rise in homelessness from the resulting economic downturn, studying and responding to the needs of these vulnerable travelers is critical.We conduct a comprehensive literature review to identify articles discussing homelessness in transit systems. While only a handful of articles exist from the 1990s, there is an emerging literature in the last 20 years that examines different aspects of homelessness in transit systems. We identify and review 63 articles on homelessness in transit systems and other public settings to better understand the extent of homelessness in the U.S., and how transit agencies perceive its impacts. We also summarise literature findings on the travel patterns of unsheltered individuals, which show that public transit represents an important and common mode of travel for them. Lastly, we focus on responses to homelessness from the part of transit operators. We find two types of responses: 1) punitive, in which criminalisation, policing and enforcement of laws and codes of conduct prevail, and 2) outreach-related, which aim towards providing help and support to unsheltered individuals. We conclude by summarising our findings as well as the existing gaps in the literature. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 134-156 Issue: 2 Volume: 42 Year: 2022 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.1923583 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.1923583 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:42:y:2022:i:2:p:134-156 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tharsis Teoh Author-X-Name-First: Tharsis Author-X-Name-Last: Teoh Title: Electric vehicle charging strategies for Urban freight transport: concept and typology Abstract: Charging services play an important role in encouraging the growth of the electric freight vehicle (EFV) market. Understanding charging strategies and their influence on charging behavior is crucial in the deployment of charging services. Unfortunately, existing charging strategy definitions and types are incoherent and incomplete. This conceptual paper synthesizes the perspectives found in literature on the charging strategy concept, and provides a definition based on Orlikowski’s structurational model of technology. A two-level charging strategy typology is proposed. The first distinguishes between decision-making modes: schedule- or trigger-based decisions. The second identifies when and where charging is used during a vehicle operating cycle. The result is three schedule-based charging strategies: downtime, opportunity, and intrusive charging, and one trigger-based emergency charging. The selection of strategy depends on the EFV operations, the availability of charging systems and services, as well as the driver behaviour. The influence of the strategy on enhancing the EFV, the carrier operations and business model is discussed. Charging behaviour, especially in location and timing, is shown to be strongly dependent on the strategy. While downtime charging is considered the default strategy, carriers should employ a variety of complementary strategies to enhance the capability of their vehicles and improve the financial viability of the operations. Carriers should also have an emergency charging strategy on hand in case of unforeseen situations. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 157-180 Issue: 2 Volume: 42 Year: 2022 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.1950233 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.1950233 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:42:y:2022:i:2:p:157-180 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jun Park Author-X-Name-First: Jun Author-X-Name-Last: Park Author-Name: Subeh Chowdhury Author-X-Name-First: Subeh Author-X-Name-Last: Chowdhury Title: Towards an enabled journey: barriers encountered by public transport riders with disabilities for the whole journey chain Abstract: The ability to travel freely and independently to participate in society is essential for an individual’s wellbeing and quality of life. People with disabilities are often unable to access public transport due to barriers in the urban environment and public transport systems. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the barriers faced by people with disabilities who are independent public transport riders. It includes: (a) barriers encountered from the perspective of the whole journey chain, from origin to destination for public transport trips; (b) investigates the commonalities and differences in the perceived barriers for different disability types; (c) discusses the impacts and shortcomings of universal design; and (d) limitations to data collection procedures. Evidence from the review of the existing literature has shown that there is limited research on travel behaviour relating to the whole public transport journey chain for people with disabilities. The consequences of not being able to make a journey due to the barriers in public transport inhibit participation in society that can have a range of negative impacts on the wellbeing of people with disabilities. This paper highlights the importance of the “bottom-up” approach for policy implementation and engagement with the disability community. It concludes with directions for further work and recommendations for practitioners. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 181-203 Issue: 2 Volume: 42 Year: 2022 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.1955035 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.1955035 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:42:y:2022:i:2:p:181-203 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jonas De Vos Author-X-Name-First: Jonas Author-X-Name-Last: De Vos Author-Name: Patrick A. Singleton Author-X-Name-First: Patrick A. Author-X-Name-Last: Singleton Author-Name: Tommy Gärling Author-X-Name-First: Tommy Author-X-Name-Last: Gärling Title: From attitude to satisfaction: introducing the travel mode choice cycle Abstract: Many studies analysing the relationship between attitudes and travel behaviour have found that travel attitudes have an important impact on travel mode choice. More recently, studies focusing on how people experience travel have shown that travel satisfaction is influenced by the chosen travel mode. The desire and intention of using a travel mode – which can be considered as important predictors of mode choice – have, however, received limited attention. Furthermore, existing studies mostly have a narrow scope and lack integration of the above constructs. In this paper, we introduce the travel mode choice cycle (TMCC), a comprehensive model aiming to link attitude, desire, intention, behaviour, and satisfaction by integrating prominent social-psychological attitude theories such as the theory of planned behaviour, the model of goal-directed behaviour, and the theory of cognitive dissonance. We argue that the constructs of the TMCC are strongly interrelated such that they can affect each other in direct and indirect ways. The proposed cycle provides valuable insights for policymakers to stimulate the use of desired travel modes, such as public transport and active travel. We end this paper by providing suggestions for future studies to simultaneously investigate the relationships specified by the TMCC. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 204-221 Issue: 2 Volume: 42 Year: 2022 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.1958952 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.1958952 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:42:y:2022:i:2:p:204-221 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ahmed El-Geneidy Author-X-Name-First: Ahmed Author-X-Name-Last: El-Geneidy Author-Name: David Levinson Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Levinson Title: Making accessibility work in practice Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 129-133 Issue: 2 Volume: 42 Year: 2022 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.1975954 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.1975954 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:42:y:2022:i:2:p:129-133 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jennifer L. Kent Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer L. Author-X-Name-Last: Kent Title: The use of practice theory in transport research Abstract: Mundane transport practices are implicated in a series of global harms, including those associated with climate change. Most agree that the way we travel day-to-day needs to shift. While agreement on the end goal is common, informing and enacting policies to implement change is an ongoing challenge, in part because of the sheer complexity of factors shaping the way we travel. Transport researchers need to develop an understanding of this complexity that is easily and elegantly translated into transport policy. Practice theory has potential to contribute to such understandings, and this paper provides a review of the ways it has been employed in contemporary transport research. Using a review of 38 studies, the paper highlights the benefits of the practice theory approach for research, and the applicability of the insights it generates for real world transport problems. The paper concludes that practice theory brings useful tools and concepts to understand both the complexity of transport, and the interplay between structure and the travelling agent, that is so often missed by traditional transport methodologies. In this way, it can, and does, add to the already well theorised and empiricised realm of transport studies. The approach, however, requires careful operationalisation and further development to fulfil its potential to produce research insights to capable of informing the urgent need to shift the way that we travel. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 222-244 Issue: 2 Volume: 42 Year: 2022 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.1961918 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.1961918 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:42:y:2022:i:2:p:222-244 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sebastian Castellanos Author-X-Name-First: Sebastian Author-X-Name-Last: Castellanos Author-Name: Susan Grant-Muller Author-X-Name-First: Susan Author-X-Name-Last: Grant-Muller Author-Name: Katy Wright Author-X-Name-First: Katy Author-X-Name-Last: Wright Title: Technology, transport, and the sharing economy: towards a working taxonomy for shared mobility Abstract: In recent years, there has been a growing interest in studying the interactions between the fields of digital technology and transport and multiple terms to describe these interactions have been proposed. These include terms such as “smart mobility”, “new mobility”, “3-revolutions” and “Mobility-as-a-Service”, amongst others. While these terms encompass a wide range of technology-transportation interactions, all of them include shared mobility as one of its elements, yet there is still no broadly accepted definition in the academic literature of what the term “shared mobility” means or what type of technology-transport interactions it encompasses. The aim of this paper is to propose a taxonomy for shared mobility based on a critical engagement with the main bodies of literature across disciplinary areas that underpin this concept: (1) the interactions between digital technology and transport, and (2) the broader concept of the sharing economy. Though these two elements are sometimes mentioned together in the literature as relevant to shared mobility, to the authors’ knowledge they have not yet been combined in a published study to explicitly propose a definition or taxonomy. Having a clearly defined and broadly accepted terminology for shared mobility is important, as this is a term that is used not only in the academic literature, but also by policymakers and in policy documents, and the lack of a definition leads to a lack of clarity and shared understanding of what shared mobility involves. The literature reviewed carried out for this paper suggests that different authors use the term shared mobility in diverse ways to refer to a diverse set of solutions. The proposed taxonomy can therefore be used by public and private policymakers and academics alike to speak a common language when referring to, planning for, and evaluating shared mobility solutions. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 318-336 Issue: 3 Volume: 42 Year: 2022 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.1968976 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.1968976 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:42:y:2022:i:3:p:318-336 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Huyen T. K. Le Author-X-Name-First: Huyen T. K. Author-X-Name-Last: Le Author-Name: Andre L. Carrel Author-X-Name-First: Andre L. Author-X-Name-Last: Carrel Author-Name: Harsh Shah Author-X-Name-First: Harsh Author-X-Name-Last: Shah Title: Impacts of online shopping on travel demand: a systematic review Abstract: The rise of e-commerce has led to substantial changes in personal travel and activities. We systematically reviewed empirical studies on the relationship between online shopping and personal travel behaviour. We synthesised and assessed the evidence for four types of effects on various travel outcomes, including trip frequency, travel distance, trip chaining, mode choice, and time use. In 42 articles reviewed, we found more evidence that online shopping substitutes for shopping travel. Most studies to date have focused on trip frequency but neglected other travel outcomes. Very few studies have considered the modification effect, which has significant implications for travel demand management. In sum, previous studies have not reached a consensus on the dominant effect of online shopping, in part due to the diversity in variable measurements, types of goods, study areas, and analytic methods. A limitation of previous studies is the reliance on cross-sectional surveys, which hinders the distinction between short- and long-term behaviours and between modification, complementarity, and substitution effects. Our study provides an agenda for future research on this topic and discusses policy implications related to land use, behavioural changes, data collection, and modelling for practitioners who wish to incorporate e-commerce in planning for sustainable urban systems. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 273-295 Issue: 3 Volume: 42 Year: 2022 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.1961917 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.1961917 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:42:y:2022:i:3:p:273-295 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alejandro Tirachini Author-X-Name-First: Alejandro Author-X-Name-Last: Tirachini Author-Name: Javiera Godachevich Author-X-Name-First: Javiera Author-X-Name-Last: Godachevich Author-Name: Oded Cats Author-X-Name-First: Oded Author-X-Name-Last: Cats Author-Name: Juan Carlos Muñoz Author-X-Name-First: Juan Carlos Author-X-Name-Last: Muñoz Author-Name: Jaime Soza-Parra Author-X-Name-First: Jaime Author-X-Name-Last: Soza-Parra Title: Headway variability in public transport: a review of metrics, determinants, effects for quality of service and control strategies Abstract: The most relevant issues related to headway variability in public transport planning, operations and quality of service are reviewed in this paper. We discuss the causes and consequences of headway variability, the alternative metrics that have been proposed to measure it, the preventive and reactive strategies to control headway variability in both research and practice, including the role of drivers and of present and future technology, and how service provision contracts might deal with headway variability through metrics and financial incentives. The most influential elements that explain headway variability along a route are the irregularity at which vehicles are dispatched, the scheduled frequency, the distance travelled or route length, the passenger demand and associated dwell times, and the number of stops. We conclude that there is a large gap between the state-of-the-art and the state-of-practice in terms of identification of headway variability issues, as well as in the development of mitigation and control measures. It is therefore paramount that future research will contribute to closing this gap by addressing organisational, contractual and technological barriers in the implementation of measures aimed at mitigating headway variability in public transport services. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 337-361 Issue: 3 Volume: 42 Year: 2022 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.1977415 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.1977415 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:42:y:2022:i:3:p:337-361 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David A. Hensher Author-X-Name-First: David A. Author-X-Name-Last: Hensher Author-Name: Haoning Xi Author-X-Name-First: Haoning Author-X-Name-Last: Xi Title: Mobility as a service (MaaS): are effort and seamlessness the keys to MaaS uptake? Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 269-272 Issue: 3 Volume: 42 Year: 2022 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2022.2044590 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2022.2044590 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:42:y:2022:i:3:p:269-272 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xavier Delclòs-Alió Author-X-Name-First: Xavier Author-X-Name-Last: Delclòs-Alió Author-Name: Daniel A. Rodríguez Author-X-Name-First: Daniel A. Author-X-Name-Last: Rodríguez Author-Name: Catalina Medina Author-X-Name-First: Catalina Author-X-Name-Last: Medina Author-Name: J. Jaime Miranda Author-X-Name-First: J. Jaime Author-X-Name-Last: Miranda Author-Name: Ione Avila-Palencia Author-X-Name-First: Ione Author-X-Name-Last: Avila-Palencia Author-Name: Felipe Targa Author-X-Name-First: Felipe Author-X-Name-Last: Targa Author-Name: Mika R. Moran Author-X-Name-First: Mika R. Author-X-Name-Last: Moran Author-Name: Olga Lucía Sarmiento Author-X-Name-First: Olga Lucía Author-X-Name-Last: Sarmiento Author-Name: D. Alex Quistberg Author-X-Name-First: D. Alex Author-X-Name-Last: Quistberg Title: Walking for transportation in large Latin American cities: walking-only trips and total walking events and their sociodemographic correlates Abstract: Walking for transportation is a common and accessible means of achieving recommended physical activity levels, while providing important social and environmental co-benefits. Even though walking in rapidly growing urban areas has become especially challenging given the increasing dependence on motorised transportation, walking remains a major mode of transportation in Latin American cities. In this paper we aimed to quantify self-reported walking for transportation in Mexico City, Bogota, Santiago de Chile, Sao Paulo, and Buenos Aires, by identifying both walking trips that are conducted entirely on foot and walking events involved in trips mainly conducted on other means of transportation (e.g. private vehicle, public transit) among individuals ≥5-years old. We show how walking-only trips account for approximately 30% trips in the analysed cities, and we evidence how the pedestrian dimension of mobility is largely underestimated if walking that is incidental to other transportation modes is not accounted for: when considering all walking events, we observed an increase between 73% and 217% in daily walking time. As a result, we estimated that between 19% and 25% of residents in these cities meet the WHO physical activity guidelines solely from walking for transportation. The results of the study also suggest that the promotion of public transportation in large Latin American cities can especially help certain population groups achieve the daily recommended levels of physical activity, while among low-income groups accessibility and safety seem to be the key challenges to be addressed. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 296-317 Issue: 3 Volume: 42 Year: 2022 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.1966552 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.1966552 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:42:y:2022:i:3:p:296-317 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thiago Carvalho dos Reis Silveira Author-X-Name-First: Thiago Author-X-Name-Last: Carvalho dos Reis Silveira Author-Name: Cezar Augusto Romano Author-X-Name-First: Cezar Augusto Author-X-Name-Last: Romano Author-Name: Tatiana Maria Cecy Gadda Author-X-Name-First: Tatiana Maria Cecy Author-X-Name-Last: Gadda Title: Loyalty and public transit: a quantitative systematic review of the literature Abstract: Cities are becoming more and more car-dependent. In tandem, public transit systems are facing an increasing loss of ridership. In this scenario, researchers have started investigating loyalty behaviour to understand what encourages user retention. This paper reviews the academic literature on loyalty formation in public transit, including (i) the research context; (ii) the methods applied and the assessment of heterogeneity; (iii) the conceptualisation and operationalisation of loyalty; and (iv) the influence of researched constructs on loyalty. Finally, potential avenues for future research are highlighted. The literature is largely concentrated in Asia, North America, and Europe. Most studies use a combination of quantitative data, cross-sectional design combined with survey data collection, modelling, and, to a lesser extent, clustering. In this sense, structural equation modelling (SEM) is broadly applied. The loyalty construct is usually operationalised according to attitudinal variables, while behavioural measures are less assessed. The research on this field is strongly influenced by marketing theory. Consequently, service quality, satisfaction, and perceived value are often modelled. Both satisfaction and service quality are repeatedly shown to have a strong positive influence on the development of loyalty. Nonetheless, the operationalisation of these constructs can differ greatly across studies, which makes it harder to compare the findings. Additionally, most SEM studies only report direct effects, which inhibit assessing the full influence of the variables on loyalty. There are also small clusters of research on other variables, such as image, involvement, problem experiences, and social psychology variables. To different degrees, these constructs are found to influence loyalty. Sometimes, even to a greater extent than service quality and satisfaction. In this sense, future research could benefit from further exploring these less research variables as they can bring new theoretical and operational perspectives to the current understanding of loyalty behaviour. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 362-383 Issue: 3 Volume: 42 Year: 2022 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.1991032 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.1991032 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:42:y:2022:i:3:p:362-383 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael Minn Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Minn Author-Name: Sylvia Brady Author-X-Name-First: Sylvia Author-X-Name-Last: Brady Author-Name: Julie Cidell Author-X-Name-First: Julie Author-X-Name-Last: Cidell Author-Name: Keith Ratner Author-X-Name-First: Keith Author-X-Name-Last: Ratner Author-Name: Andrew Goetz Author-X-Name-First: Andrew Author-X-Name-Last: Goetz Title: Shared-use rail corridors: a comparison of institutional perspectives in the United States and the European Union Abstract: This paper reviews existing literature to identify issues, challenges, and best practices associated with shared-use freight and passenger rail corridors. Specifically, this paper will compare and contrast shared-corridor practices from an institutional perspective in the United States and the European Union. These two regions were chosen because of their shared social, political, technological, and economic ties, their historical mixes of private and state railroad operations, and because of the significant contemporary differences in the role of rail in these two regions. That mix of similarities and differences clarifies important commonalities specific to freight and passenger railroads that may be applicable in other times and places. Best practices include planning for: capital investment, long-term time horizons, measurable incremental improvements, regional multi-modality, and mutual benefits between freight and passenger operations. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 384-407 Issue: 3 Volume: 42 Year: 2022 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.2003473 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.2003473 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:42:y:2022:i:3:p:384-407 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ruth Shortall Author-X-Name-First: Ruth Author-X-Name-Last: Shortall Author-Name: Niek Mouter Author-X-Name-First: Niek Author-X-Name-Last: Mouter Author-Name: Bert Van Wee Author-X-Name-First: Bert Author-X-Name-Last: Van Wee Title: COVID-19 passenger transport measures and their impacts Abstract: Governments all over the world have had to implement various policy measures in order to curb the spread of COVID-19, impacting many people's lives and livelihoods. Combinations of measures targeting the transportation sector and other aspects of social life have been implemented with varying degrees of success in different countries. This paper proposes a classification of COVID-19 measures aimed at passenger mobility. We distinguish the categories “avoidance of travel”, “modal shift” and “improvement of quality”. Per category, we distinguish different types of measures and effects (social, economic and environmental). Next, we review the literature on COVID-19 measures for passenger mobility, after which we discuss the policy relevance of our findings and propose a research agenda. We conclude that broad or integral assessments of measures on all socially relevant effects are rare. Also, few studies exist to determine the effects of individual measures and deal with combinations of measures instead. Studies on social or economic effects focus on partial direct effects (e.g. turnover of the transport sector, effect of mobility measures on commuter traffic) and do not elaborate on indirect effects (e.g. changes in household expenditure, stress levels). Finally, there is a greater focus in the literature on intermediary health indicators (e.g. travel behaviour) but less on the actual spread of COVID-19 or indeed on other indirect health effects of measures (e.g. due to air pollution, more exercise, etc). Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 441-466 Issue: 4 Volume: 42 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.1976307 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.1976307 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:42:y:2022:i:4:p:441-466 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vishal Mahajan Author-X-Name-First: Vishal Author-X-Name-Last: Mahajan Author-Name: Nico Kuehnel Author-X-Name-First: Nico Author-X-Name-Last: Kuehnel Author-Name: Aikaterini Intzevidou Author-X-Name-First: Aikaterini Author-X-Name-Last: Intzevidou Author-Name: Guido Cantelmo Author-X-Name-First: Guido Author-X-Name-Last: Cantelmo Author-Name: Rolf Moeckel Author-X-Name-First: Rolf Author-X-Name-Last: Moeckel Author-Name: Constantinos Antoniou Author-X-Name-First: Constantinos Author-X-Name-Last: Antoniou Title: Data to the people: a review of public and proprietary data for transport models Abstract: Data play an indispensable role in transport modelling. The availability of data from non-conventional sources, such as mobile phones, social media, and public transport smart cards, changes the way we conduct mobility analyses and travel forecasting. Existing studies have demonstrated the multitude and varied applications of these emerging data in transport modelling. The transferability of current research and further endeavours depend mostly on the availability of these data. Therefore, the openness or public availability of the prominent data for transport modelling needs to be adequately investigated. Such a discussion should also encompass these data’s application aspects to provide a holistic overview. This paper defines a typology for the data classification based on a set of availability or openness attributes from the existing literature. Subsequently, we use the developed typology to classify the prominent transport data into four categories: (i) Commercial data, (ii) Inaccessible data, (iii) Gratis and accessible data with restricted use, and (iv) Open data. Using this typology, we conclude that the public data, which refer to the data that are accessible and free of cost, are a superset of open data. Further, we discuss the applications and limitations of the selected data in transport modelling and highlight in which task(s) certain data excel. Lastly, we synthesise our review using a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis to bring out the aspects relevant to data owners and data consumers. Public availability of data can help in various modelling steps such as trip generation, accessibility, destination choice, route choice, network modelling. Complementary datasets such as General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) and Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) increase the usability of other data. Thus, modellers can gain from the positive cascade effect by prioritising these data. There is also a potential for data owners to release proprietary data, such as mobile phone data, with restricted-use licenses after addressing privacy risks. Our study contributes by dealing with two problems at the same time. On the one hand, the paper analyses existing data based on their potential for mobility studies. On the other hand, we classify them based on how open they are. Hence, we identify the most promising public data for developing the next generation of transport models. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 415-440 Issue: 4 Volume: 42 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.1977414 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.1977414 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:42:y:2022:i:4:p:415-440 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anne Brown Author-X-Name-First: Anne Author-X-Name-Last: Brown Title: From aspiration to operation: ensuring equity in transportation Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 409-414 Issue: 4 Volume: 42 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2022.2064527 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2022.2064527 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:42:y:2022:i:4:p:409-414 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Apara Banerjee Author-X-Name-First: Apara Author-X-Name-Last: Banerjee Author-Name: Mirosława Łukawska Author-X-Name-First: Mirosława Author-X-Name-Last: Łukawska Author-Name: Anders Fjendbo Jensen Author-X-Name-First: Anders Fjendbo Author-X-Name-Last: Jensen Author-Name: Sonja Haustein Author-X-Name-First: Sonja Author-X-Name-Last: Haustein Title: Facilitating bicycle commuting beyond short distances: insights from existing literature Abstract: Growing consensus on the advantages of cycling has led policymakers to become more interested in increasing the share of bicycle commuters. Even though the bicycle’s popularity as a convenient transport mode declines with increasing distance, in recent times efforts are being made to increase the cycling distances as it may bring incremental benefits to society as a whole. As a basis to facilitate cycling for longer distances, this literature review aims to improve knowledge on what stimulates bicycle commuting beyond 5 km, by analysing both socio-psychological and physical factors. Perceived trip benefits, cycling habits, bicycle-friendly infrastructure, and e-bike usage were identified as key factors. In particular, the emergence of the e-bike could popularise bicycle commuting beyond short distances, as it has the potential to overcome physical barriers and to substitute cars for moderate trip lengths. This review also emphasises the relevance of encouraging people to cycle longer distances and discusses different tailored intervention strategies. However, further research is required to fully understand the dynamics of bicycle commuting beyond short distances. This study suggests a re-evaluation of bicycle infrastructure and technology, bicycling attitudes, and long-term behavioural change in differing (social and physical) environments, recognising that the actions identified as successful to this end vary across cycling cultures. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 526-550 Issue: 4 Volume: 42 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.2004261 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.2004261 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:42:y:2022:i:4:p:526-550 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gregório Luz Author-X-Name-First: Gregório Author-X-Name-Last: Luz Author-Name: Licinio Portugal Author-X-Name-First: Licinio Author-X-Name-Last: Portugal Title: Understanding transport-related social exclusion through the lens of capabilities approach Abstract: The paper builds on the transport-related social exclusion (TRSE) literature and investigates how the insights provided by the Capability Approach can help to inform inclusive transport planning. To address the literature lack of conceptual clarity, we provided a framework that considers how individuals may be prevented from travelling and accessing valued opportunities and how this may lead to TRSE. Ten different dimensions of TRSE that individuals may experience are suggested. Although some dimensions were already proposed in past work, we contributed to this framework by expanding their scope and proposing a new dimension. The paper concludes that policies aimed at reducing TRSE should be concerned with increasing the capabilities of those in accessibility poverty to a sufficient level that enables individuals’ participation in key opportunities of the society. We identified that not every accessibility measure is suitable for assessing TRSE, and the selection of measures must pay attention to their alignment with the idea of accessibility as a human capability. We recommend that conducting an aggregated analysis may be helpful to identify a suitable accessibility measure and to identify regions at risk of TRSE; however, to have a deep understanding of an individual’s TRSE risk factors, a bottom-up analysis is necessary. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 503-525 Issue: 4 Volume: 42 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.2005183 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.2005183 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:42:y:2022:i:4:p:503-525 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Axel Merkel Author-X-Name-First: Axel Author-X-Name-Last: Merkel Author-Name: Magnus Johansson Author-X-Name-First: Magnus Author-X-Name-Last: Johansson Author-Name: Samuel Lindgren Author-X-Name-First: Samuel Author-X-Name-Last: Lindgren Author-Name: Inge Vierth Author-X-Name-First: Inge Author-X-Name-Last: Vierth Title: How (in)elastic is the demand for short-sea shipping? A review of elasticities and application of different models to Swedish freight flows Abstract: Despite high ambitions, policies for a modal shift in Europe have largely been unsuccessful. Part of the explanation relates to the inelasticity of freight transport demand. Understanding the demand elasticity of freight transport is important to design and appraise policies for external cost reductions in the transport sector. There have been many studies focused on estimating the elasticity of demand for short-sea shipping, a mode which policy makers have often aimed to strengthen to facilitate a modal shift from road freight. The objective of this review is to build upon the available literature by presenting and comparing estimated elasticities and to demonstrate the state of evidence through the application of two methodological approaches. Our review shows that there is a surprising degree of variation in elasticity estimates, part of which can likely be explained by differing methodological approaches. Applying a deterministic cost-minimising freight transport model and a stochastic multinomial logit approach based on responses from the Swedish Cargo Flow Survey, we demonstrate the inelasticity of Swedish maritime freight flows and provide suggestions for future research and policy discussions. For future studies of maritime transport demand elasticities to arrive at reliable and policy-relevant results, we highlight the need for combined and pluralistic methodological approaches and an increased use of real-world data. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 551-571 Issue: 4 Volume: 42 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.2010834 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.2010834 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:42:y:2022:i:4:p:551-571 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Junmei Cheng Author-X-Name-First: Junmei Author-X-Name-Last: Cheng Author-Name: Zhenhua Chen Author-X-Name-First: Zhenhua Author-X-Name-Last: Chen Title: Socioeconomic impact assessments of high-Speed rail: A meta-Analysis Abstract: The interest in the socioeconomic impact assessments of the high-speed rail (HSR) system is burgeoning as many countries are considering investing in such a system. While extensive studies have provided a wide range of evaluations of HSR on the socioeconomic impact, primarily from an ex-post perspective, it remains unclear how reliable the evaluation outcomes were, given the variety of data, method and research framework being adopted. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the socioeconomic impact studies of high-speed rail (HSR), based on 242 academic publications. In particular, we examined to what extent the impact outcome is influenced by various modelling factors, such as data, model, and research design, using meta-analysis based on 368 empirical estimates derived from 45 empirical studies. Our analysis confirms that the factors of research design (e.g. variables, data, and modelling method) do have various influences on the empirical estimates of HSR project appraisals. In the end, the paper discusses the implications for future infrastructure project appraisals. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 467-502 Issue: 4 Volume: 42 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.1979689 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.1979689 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:42:y:2022:i:4:p:467-502 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: catalog-resolver7926571384639238164.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220713T202513 git hash: 99d3863004 Author-Name: Jonas De Vos Author-X-Name-First: Jonas Author-X-Name-Last: De Vos Title: The shifting role of attitudes in travel behaviour research Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 573-579 Issue: 5 Volume: 42 Year: 2022 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2022.2078537 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2022.2078537 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:42:y:2022:i:5:p:573-579 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: catalog-resolver6607497337670268286.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220713T202513 git hash: 99d3863004 Author-Name: Meredith Glaser Author-X-Name-First: Meredith Author-X-Name-Last: Glaser Author-Name: Luca Bertolini Author-X-Name-First: Luca Author-X-Name-Last: Bertolini Author-Name: Marco te Brömmelstroet Author-X-Name-First: Marco Author-X-Name-Last: te Brömmelstroet Author-Name: Oliver Blake Author-X-Name-First: Oliver Author-X-Name-Last: Blake Author-Name: Casey Ellingson Author-X-Name-First: Casey Author-X-Name-Last: Ellingson Title: Learning through policy transfer? Reviewing a decade of scholarship for the field of transport Abstract: Attempts to pursue sustainable mobility face widespread challenges. One key way of approaching these challenges is through policy transfer and policy learning; indeed, the practice of learning from elsewhere is encouraged at various levels of government. This paper contends that a better understanding of what facilitates learning through policy transfer might support further change, yet such examinations remain underdeveloped in the field of transport. This paper synthesises key concepts and factors that drive this learning process, by reviewing 65 papers on transport policy published between 2011 and 2020. Our findings testify to the growing prevalence of policy transfer research and emerging critical perspectives on the transfer and translation of global ideas. We uncover critical factors of the learning process, including settings where learning takes place, inter-actor relations, and organisational and institutional patterns. While most papers reviewed here aimed to examine learning, few employ theories to measure the concept. Consequently, one of our main conclusions is that relatively little is known about how and to what extent learning, triggered by experiences from other contexts, is actually transformed into action. Suggestions include more systematically focusing on organisational and institutional dimensions and concerted trans-disciplinary efforts to close the gap between research and practice. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 626-644 Issue: 5 Volume: 42 Year: 2022 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.2003472 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.2003472 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:42:y:2022:i:5:p:626-644 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: catalog-resolver2198328961034970656.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220713T202513 git hash: 99d3863004 Author-Name: Akshay Vij Author-X-Name-First: Akshay Author-X-Name-Last: Vij Author-Name: Stefanie Dühr Author-X-Name-First: Stefanie Author-X-Name-Last: Dühr Title: The commercial viability of Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS): what’s in it for existing transport operators, and why should governments intervene? Abstract: Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) offers consumers access to multiple transport modes and services, owned and/or operated by different mobility service providers, through an integrated digital platform for planning, booking and payment. The platform provider needs to negotiate independent deals with different transport operators. Consequently, the success of any MaaS platform will depend on the platform provider’s ability to persuade as many operators as possible to join their platform. This study examines the commercial value proposition of MaaS from the perspective of existing transport operators. We find that MaaS could help strengthen complementary relationships between services, offer operators access to newer customers and larger markets, and help them manage their assets more efficiently. However, integration with substitutive services could undermine operators’ profitability. Moreover, similar benefits could be realised through other information and communication technologies without requiring integration with other services. Consequently, if left to the market, integration between operators is likely to be piecemeal and ad-hoc, and may strengthen monopolistic power of some operators. This, alongside the opportunities that MaaS presents to help achieve broader societal goals, calls for an active role for governments in the development, operation and regulation of MaaS to deliver on the vision of a fully integrated transport system. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 695-716 Issue: 5 Volume: 42 Year: 2022 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2022.2028032 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2022.2028032 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:42:y:2022:i:5:p:695-716 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: catalog-resolver-6172953606107546178.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220713T202513 git hash: 99d3863004 Author-Name: Stephanie A. Prince Author-X-Name-First: Stephanie A. Author-X-Name-Last: Prince Author-Name: Samantha Lancione Author-X-Name-First: Samantha Author-X-Name-Last: Lancione Author-Name: Justin J. Lang Author-X-Name-First: Justin J. Author-X-Name-Last: Lang Author-Name: Nana Amankwah Author-X-Name-First: Nana Author-X-Name-Last: Amankwah Author-Name: Margaret de Groh Author-X-Name-First: Margaret Author-X-Name-Last: de Groh Author-Name: Alejandra Jaramillo Garcia Author-X-Name-First: Alejandra Jaramillo Author-X-Name-Last: Garcia Author-Name: Katherine Merucci Author-X-Name-First: Katherine Author-X-Name-Last: Merucci Author-Name: Robert Geneau Author-X-Name-First: Robert Author-X-Name-Last: Geneau Title: Are people who use active modes of transportation more physically active? An overview of reviews across the life course Abstract: Regular physical activity prevents several non-communicable chronic conditions and premature mortality. The benefits of physical activity can be achieved through active transport, which refers to non-motorised/active means (e.g. walking, cycling, rollerblading) to move from one place to another. Active transport can be integrated into daily routines such as commuting to and from school and work. We undertook an overview of reviews to examine the association between active transport and physical activity across age groups. We aimed to provide a critical appraisal of research to date, and to identify research gaps that need to be addressed to advance the field. Eleven systematic reviews were included. Across children, youth and adults, active transport (mainly to school and work) was positively associated with physical activity and contributed approximately 5–45 additional minutes per day. The certainty of the evidence ranged from very low to moderate and was highest among studies that included both children and youth. There does not appear to be any clear differences by sex, measurement method for active transport or physical activity or review quality; however, some reviews noted that age and sex might moderate the association. Future research is needed to better understand the association among preschool-aged children and older adults, by sex and gender, in different socioeconomic and ethnic groups, and across the urban-rural spectrum. The field would benefit from more longitudinal and experimental research using device- and location-based measures to establish causality and separating location of destinations and mode of active transport (e.g. walking separate from cycling). Overall, evidence suggests that active transport is an important means to achieve daily physical activity recommendations. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 645-671 Issue: 5 Volume: 42 Year: 2022 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.2004262 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.2004262 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:42:y:2022:i:5:p:645-671 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: catalog-resolver-3263270996968612666.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220713T202513 git hash: 99d3863004 Author-Name: Erick Guerra Author-X-Name-First: Erick Author-X-Name-Last: Guerra Author-Name: Andrew Sandweiss Author-X-Name-First: Andrew Author-X-Name-Last: Sandweiss Author-Name: Seunglee David Park Author-X-Name-First: Seunglee David Author-X-Name-Last: Park Title: Does rationing really backfire? A critical review of the literature on license-plate-based driving restrictions Abstract: Policies limiting the number of days vehicles are permitted to circulate based on the last digit of their license plates have experienced a resurgence in popularity, particularly in Chinese cities. This paper provides a critical review of the literature on license-plate-based driving restrictions. Of the 235 papers reviewed, most (152) only briefly mention license-plate-based restriction programmes to describe contextual conditions or provide an example of a policy that influences driving or vehicle purchases. Reviewing forty empirical papers, we find a divided literature on whether and where license-plate-based driving restrictions reduce local pollution or congestion. Some differences in findings likely relate to differences in research design or outcome measurement. Variations in policy design, enforcement, and other local conditions also play an important role. We next review findings about the multiple legal and illegal strategies households employ in response to driving restrictions. The second- car hypothesis, which posits that restriction policies backfire and lead to increased local pollution due to households purchasing second cars with different final license-plate digits, has become particularly popular. Evidence for the hypothesis, however, is mixed. Households employ a range of other behavioural responses, such as shuffling driving trips to specific days and driving in lightly policed areas, that likely attenuate the effectiveness of license-plate-based driving restrictions. As a result, researchers and policymakers should not expect to find a 20% reduction in pollution or congestion from banning a fifth of vehicles from the road. Improving policy effectiveness will likely require policymakers to address intended and unintended behavioural responses through additional mechanisms. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 604-625 Issue: 5 Volume: 42 Year: 2022 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.1998244 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.1998244 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:42:y:2022:i:5:p:604-625 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: catalog-resolver3742921963312106160.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220713T202513 git hash: 99d3863004 Author-Name: Yannick Cornet Author-X-Name-First: Yannick Author-X-Name-Last: Cornet Author-Name: Giuseppe Lugano Author-X-Name-First: Giuseppe Author-X-Name-Last: Lugano Author-Name: Christina Georgouli Author-X-Name-First: Christina Author-X-Name-Last: Georgouli Author-Name: Dimitris Milakis Author-X-Name-First: Dimitris Author-X-Name-Last: Milakis Title: Worthwhile travel time: a conceptual framework of the perceived value of enjoyment, productivity and fitness while travelling Abstract: By tradition, transport appraisal relies primarily on travel time savings and monetary values. Assessment tools rarely factor in the perspective of travellers in terms of their subjective travel experience while on the move. Worthwhile travel time introduces the idea that travel can be pleasant, meaningful or worthwhile and not exclusively associated with the economic utility of the activity at the destination of the trip and the work-related productivity during the trip. This paper explores how the “worthwhile use of travel time” can be conceptualised and unpacked, so that it can be adequately captured and integrated into transport appraisal practice. We reviewed the literature on worthwhile travel time and perceived travel experience in psychology, economics, public health and travel behaviour research and we formulated the conceptual framework of worthwhile travel time that is grounded on the traveller’s perception of three forms of value emerging from existing literature: enjoyment, productivity, and health. Our conceptual framework of worthwhile travel time suggests that experience factors (i.e. travel conditions as experienced by the traveller) can enable travel activities (i.e. the trip itself or activities on-the-move), which in turn unlock the values of enjoyment, productivity and fitness that influence the perceived worthwhileness of a trip to a different degree each. Additional (explanatory) factors such as the door-to-door trip characteristics, the traveller’s personal characteristics and attitude, and the spatial and temporal conditions can also influence the perceived worthwhileness of a trip. On a policy level, the integration of the worthwhile travel time concept into transport appraisal practice could allow future transport investments to offer a better balance between reduced travel times and improved quality and experience of a trip for the traveller. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 580-603 Issue: 5 Volume: 42 Year: 2022 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.1983067 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.1983067 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:42:y:2022:i:5:p:580-603 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: catalog-resolver4738643071639381185.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220713T202513 git hash: 99d3863004 Author-Name: Nandita Basu Author-X-Name-First: Nandita Author-X-Name-Last: Basu Author-Name: Md. Mazharul Haque Author-X-Name-First: Md. Mazharul Author-X-Name-Last: Haque Author-Name: Mark King Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: King Author-Name: Md. Kamruzzaman Author-X-Name-First: Md. Author-X-Name-Last: Kamruzzaman Author-Name: Oscar Oviedo-Trespalacios Author-X-Name-First: Oscar Author-X-Name-Last: Oviedo-Trespalacios Title: A systematic review of the factors associated with pedestrian route choice Abstract: Pedestrian route choice (PRC) is influenced by a wide range of factors, yet an understanding of the trends, patterns, and findings of PRC research is a gap in the literature. The present study applied the PRISMA framework to systematically identify published studies on PRC. The identified studies were synthesized by answering the systematic classification scheme (SCS) questions. Results show that prior studies have used a total of 105 factors associated with PRC. The identified factors were categorized under three groups (i.e. pedestrian socio-demographic factors, built environment factors, trip characteristics). The findings of this systematic review identified several critical research gaps for studying PRC behaviour. Future PRC research should aim to determine the influence of social, physical, and individual factors associated with PRC and the nature of the relationships of those factors with PRC. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 672-694 Issue: 5 Volume: 42 Year: 2022 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.2000064 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.2000064 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:42:y:2022:i:5:p:672-694 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2056656_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Magdalena Jażdżewska-Gutta Author-X-Name-First: Magdalena Author-X-Name-Last: Jażdżewska-Gutta Author-Name: Przemysław Borkowski Author-X-Name-First: Przemysław Author-X-Name-Last: Borkowski Title: As strong as the weakest link. Transport and supply chain security Abstract: The supply chains form a complicated interlinked system where any disruption, at any possible level, can affect the network itself but also its surrounding, including the society. This feature is confirmed by a well-known and often repeated statement that the chain is only as strong as its weakest link. This manuscript provides a comprehensive research-based rationale for this statement to shed new light on how the phenomenon could be identified and what are theoretical grounds for its management. The scoping review allowed for exploring the existing literature on the weakest links in supply chains to clarify this complex concept and explain its heterogeneous nature. To structure our research, we have adopted two theoretical perspectives, present in existing studies, that is network interdependency and weakest link public good. The study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by summarising literature in the field, identifying gaps, and setting the agenda for future research. It concentrates on two areas derived from literature, that is the ways of identification of weakest links and the determination and provision of the optimal level of security. The analysis reveals that there is no consensus even regarding the weakest link definition. The majority of studies are theoretical and general with little research devoted to the practical implications. While equilibriums for optimal resource allocation are well recognised specific measures oriented at the elimination of the weakest link are lacking. As a result, we identify gaps in the existing body of knowledge regarding threat-weakest link occurrence, countermeasures, and policy options offered. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 762-783 Issue: 6 Volume: 42 Year: 2022 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2022.2056656 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2022.2056656 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:42:y:2022:i:6:p:762-783 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2043484_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Joseph S. Szyliowicz Author-X-Name-First: Joseph S. Author-X-Name-Last: Szyliowicz Title: Intermodalism, supply chains and U.S. security Abstract: Covid 19 and related global events have dramatically highlighted the many vulnerabilities that Supply Chain (SC) transportation systems still possess despite the myriad measures implemented by the U.S. government and the vast literature that analyzes the problems and issues that they confront. This paper seeks to analyze the reasons for this failure and the extent to which the academic and professional literature has identified issues that were not dealt with adequately by policy makers in the private and public sectors. It, therefore, begins with an analysis of the intermodal character of SC transportation systems, the internal and external challenges that these intermodal systems confront and the policies that the U.S. has adopted to enhance their security. The focus then turns to an assessment of how three bodies of relevant literature, (1) SC risk management, (2) the security of S.C. transportation systems, and (3) intermodal transportation specifically, have focused on the particular issues raised for SC security by intermodalism. In order to assess their contributions, the level of security that U.S. intermodal systems have achieved and the challenges that remain are analyzed. The paper concludes with a consideration of the areas and ways in which further scholarly attention could contribute to increasing security and help US supply chain intermodal systems survive future risks more effectively. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 801-818 Issue: 6 Volume: 42 Year: 2022 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2022.2043484 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2022.2043484 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:42:y:2022:i:6:p:801-818 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2127243_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Joseph Szyliowicz Author-X-Name-First: Joseph Author-X-Name-Last: Szyliowicz Author-Name: Luca Zamparini Author-X-Name-First: Luca Author-X-Name-Last: Zamparini Title: Freight transport security and the robustness of global supply chains Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 717-724 Issue: 6 Volume: 42 Year: 2022 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2022.2127243 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2022.2127243 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:42:y:2022:i:6:p:717-724 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2080773_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Rajali Maharjan Author-X-Name-First: Rajali Author-X-Name-Last: Maharjan Author-Name: Hironori Kato Author-X-Name-First: Hironori Author-X-Name-Last: Kato Title: Resilient supply chain network design: a systematic literature review Abstract: The modern global economy has developed interconnected and complex supply chains largely due to the benefits companies have found in sophisticated trends and strategies; however, these practices are not without risk. In the wake of disruptions caused by COVID-19, natural disasters, Brexit, and the US–China trade war, supply chain resilience has become more important than ever. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of recent literature on resilient supply chain network design (RSCND). The focus was on studies that used a quantitative approach. This study utilised a systematic literature review methodology to evaluate the body of literature on RSCND. The main contributions of this paper are as follows: (1) exploring and analysing existing literature on RSCND, particularly focusing on different types of resilience measures used from an analytical modelling perspective; (2) presenting a new way to classify the quantitative resilience measures used for RSCND and clarifying the implications of incorporating it in terms of costs and benefits; and (3) identifying the gaps and limitations of existing literature and proposing a list of potential issues for future research directions. An analysis of the literature shows that existing resilience measures mainly focus on the resilience of the nodes. The benefits of incorporating resilience measures in the RSCND are illustrated quantitatively in terms of monetary value, lost sales, and demand fulfilment. This study is the first attempt to combine studies on the RSCND using quantitative resilience measures. This study can serve as a starting point for understanding the different resilience measures discussed in the literature, how to incorporate them in designing new or redesigning existing supply chain networks, and the benefits associated with their implementation. Although only 21 studies were found in the analysis, we believe that this topic has a huge scope for future research. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 739-761 Issue: 6 Volume: 42 Year: 2022 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2022.2080773 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2022.2080773 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:42:y:2022:i:6:p:739-761 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2105415_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Nicola De Liso Author-X-Name-First: Nicola Author-X-Name-Last: De Liso Author-Name: Luca Zamparini Author-X-Name-First: Luca Author-X-Name-Last: Zamparini Title: Innovation, transport security and supply chains: a review Abstract: The recent decades have witnessed a progressive increase of global supply chains that have been related to most produced goods. Within this phenomenon, transport security has gained more and more importance, also because of the threats coming from organised crime and international terrorist groups. In this context, many stimuli have fostered investments on innovative technologies involving all transport modes. Some innovations are mode-specific while others are common to all of them, as in the case of cyber-security. On the basis of a thorough review of the literature, the main aim of the paper is to consider the impact of transport security innovations on supply chains, especially in terms of time and of economic costs. It emerges that momentous consequences can be generated by a security breach for all the firms and regions whose economic activities are reliant on the supply chain. The main implications of the analysis are that it is then necessary a coordination and collaboration among several private and public stakeholders, not only at the local and national level, but also at the supranational level. Moreover, the trade-off which may exist between the implementation of stricter security protocols and the impact on the speed and on the cost of supply chain activities must be taken into account. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 725-738 Issue: 6 Volume: 42 Year: 2022 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2022.2105415 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2022.2105415 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:42:y:2022:i:6:p:725-738 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2056255_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Luca Zamparini Author-X-Name-First: Luca Author-X-Name-Last: Zamparini Title: A review of models for transport security and of their relevance for supply chains Abstract: Security represents one of the most important challenges for the global supply chains that characterise our globalised economic systems. The occurrence of (lack of) security related events has raised the attention of practitioners, governments and scholars. The aim of this paper is twofold. It first wants to propose a review of the models that concern transport security and to highlight that some of them refer to the prevention (regime models, proactive models and participation models) while others attain the efficient and effective reaction and the minimisation of the consequences of security related episodes (barrier models, preparedness models and reactive models). The presentation of the models is complemented by a comparative analysis that will draw some general remarks on the main common topics that emerge in the previous description and highlights the ever-increasing role of coordination and communication among stakeholders for the enhancement of transport security. The second objective of the paper lies in the subsumption of transport security in general Supply Chains. In order to reach this goal, the points of vulnerability and risk factors of the supply chain are considered. This analysis is then extended to a discussion of the main supply chain security practices and activities and of the relevant role played by the transport security models. The review allows to draw several conclusions. A sound security strategy is based on preparation and planning, alongside effective partnerships, structural and managerial adaptation and dedicated communications and technologies both in a static and in a dynamic perspective. Moreover, security strategies need to consider the trade-offs with privacy and with efficiency issues. Security efforts should be concentrated on the preeminent infrastructures, nodal points and arcs according to their degree of weakness and to their centrality in the supply chain. It is also important to plan a set of incentives for the firms that contribute to the security investments and of penalties for those who adopt a free-riding behaviour. Lastly, it is relevant to assess which share of security activities can be accomplished internally and the ones that have to be outsourced to security specialised firms. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 784-800 Issue: 6 Volume: 42 Year: 2022 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2022.2056255 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2022.2056255 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:42:y:2022:i:6:p:784-800 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2038716_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Maryam Ghaffari Dolama Author-X-Name-First: Maryam Author-X-Name-Last: Ghaffari Dolama Author-Name: Jonathan D. Regehr Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan D. Author-X-Name-Last: Regehr Title: Review of road user mobility impacts and criteria for prioritising highway-rail grade crossings for grade separation Abstract: Road users experience mobility impacts when a train occupies a highway-rail grade (level) crossing. Research has shown that the cost of reduced mobility exceeds safety costs, yet there is little consistency in the integration of mobility-related criteria into approaches for prioritising crossings for grade separation. A synthesis of findings from a review of literature and practice demonstrated the importance of mobility impacts at blocked crossings, identified and compared mobility-related decision criteria and actionable thresholds used within prioritisation approaches to rank crossings for grade separation, and revealed methods to quantify and monetise delay at blocked crossings. The review identified the need for the joint application of traffic microsimulation and intelligent transportation systems to quantify road user delay at blocked crossings. Such work should consider network-level effects, account for the severe consequences of delay for certain road users (e.g. emergency responders), and develop methods for monetising delay impacts associated with different road users. Moreover, a knowledge gap persists in establishing the interrelationship between road user delay at blocked crossings, risky behaviour, and safety impacts. Finally, further work is required to establish and calibrate thresholds for mobility-related criteria within prioritisation approaches used to rank crossings for all types of improvements, including grade separation. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 131-153 Issue: 1 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2022.2038716 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2022.2038716 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:1:p:131-153 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2023692_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Soroush Rashidi Author-X-Name-First: Soroush Author-X-Name-Last: Rashidi Author-Name: Shervin Ataeian Author-X-Name-First: Shervin Author-X-Name-Last: Ataeian Author-Name: Prakash Ranjitkar Author-X-Name-First: Prakash Author-X-Name-Last: Ranjitkar Title: Estimating bus dwell time: A review of the literature Abstract: An accurate estimation of bus dwell time (BDT) is important as it directly influences the prediction of vehicles’ arrival times at bus stops and hence, the reliability of their services. Developing an efficient method to estimate BDT has received significant attention in the literature as numerous studies have been conducted on this topic. This paper provides an overview of research works conducted in the past on bus dwell time. It covers three aspects: first methods used in the literature to estimate BDT, second factors influencing BDT and third methods used in the literature to collect data. The methods used in the literature to estimate BDT are broadly classified and discussed under three categories namely, regression-based models, probabilistic and time series models and artificial intelligence-based models along with their strengths and weaknesses. The influence of different policy measures related to characteristics of bus, passengers, time-of-day, transit, and route are discussed. The research trends reveal an increasing tendency to employ more advanced methods for data collection (using GPS, APC and AVL) and modelling (e.g. using machine learning-based methods). Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 32-61 Issue: 1 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.2023692 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.2023692 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:1:p:32-61 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2023693_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Michael Wicki Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Wicki Author-Name: Gracia Brückmann Author-X-Name-First: Gracia Author-X-Name-Last: Brückmann Author-Name: Franziska Quoss Author-X-Name-First: Franziska Author-X-Name-Last: Quoss Author-Name: Thomas Bernauer Author-X-Name-First: Thomas Author-X-Name-Last: Bernauer Title: What do we really know about the acceptance of battery electric vehicles? – Turns out, not much Abstract: Battery electric vehicles (BEV) are essential in most countries’ transition towards an efficient, cleaner and low-carbon transport system. BEV technology has been making rapid progress, but low market uptake poses major challenges for governments and industry. Based on the PRISMA framework (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses), we assessed 94 studies published in the era of BEVs becoming visible market products between 2010 and 2019. The main goal is to understand what we know about attitudes and behaviour of consumers/citizens towards BEVs. In contrast to the conventional wisdom that we know the key facilitators and obstacles in this area, we find that few studies are designed to identify causal effects of facilitators and obstacles, and findings on widely presumed key determinants are surprisingly mixed and context-dependent. We conclude that we still lack robust evidence on the facilitators of BEV uptake and prospective ownership. Moreover, and particularly alarming from a scientific viewpoint, many existing studies cannot be replicated because the respective data is unavailable, neither publicly accessible nor on request. Given the saliency of the issue, the main implication of our assessment is that a concerted, internationally coordinated effort in this area is needed, based on pre-registration of study designs and full accessibility of replication data. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 62-87 Issue: 1 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.2023693 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.2023693 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:1:p:62-87 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2035014_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Konstantinos Gkiotsalitis Author-X-Name-First: Konstantinos Author-X-Name-Last: Gkiotsalitis Author-Name: Oded Cats Author-X-Name-First: Oded Author-X-Name-Last: Cats Author-Name: Tao Liu Author-X-Name-First: Tao Author-X-Name-Last: Liu Title: A review of public transport transfer synchronisation at the real-time control phase Abstract: We perform a systematic review of real-time control strategies for transfer synchronisations in public transport. In particular, we review inter-station and intra-station control measures that can be applied in near real-time, including vehicle holding, stop-skipping, speed control, short-turning, rescheduling, interlining, rerouting, and boarding limits. The topic of public transfer synchronisation at the operational phase is both a technically challenging and timely topic. It is technically challenging because finding optimal control measures is a computationally intensive problem and these measures should be computed in near real-time. It is also timely because of the emerging developments in shared mobility, Mobility-as-a-Service schemes, on-demand public transport, and vehicle automation that pose new opportunities as well as challenges in designing seamless passenger transfers. In our systematic review, we analyse the modelling approaches for real-time transfer synchronisation, including mathematical programmes, heuristics, rule-based approaches, and stochastic optimisation models. We then critically discuss the available literature and provide a future outlook, outlining six research directions. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 88-107 Issue: 1 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2022.2035014 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2022.2035014 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:1:p:88-107 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2015639_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Kailai Wang Author-X-Name-First: Kailai Author-X-Name-Last: Wang Author-Name: Xiaodong Qian Author-X-Name-First: Xiaodong Author-X-Name-Last: Qian Author-Name: Dillon Taylor Fitch Author-X-Name-First: Dillon Taylor Author-X-Name-Last: Fitch Author-Name: Yongsung Lee Author-X-Name-First: Yongsung Author-X-Name-Last: Lee Author-Name: Jai Malik Author-X-Name-First: Jai Author-X-Name-Last: Malik Author-Name: Giovanni Circella Author-X-Name-First: Giovanni Author-X-Name-Last: Circella Title: What travel modes do shared e-scooters displace? A review of recent research findings Abstract: The impacts of shared e-scooters on modal shifts have received increased attention in recent years. This study provides a review of the literature for modal shifts in the US and other countries. The profile of shared e-scooter users is rather similar to that of station-based and free-floating bikeshare programs. The empirical data reveal that people use shared e-scooters in place of cars at substantial rates, especially in many US cities, which suggests that in many locations shared e-scooters may be a good strategy for reducing car dependence. The use of shared e-scooters as a complement to public transit varies highly by city, highlighting how technology, regulations, and incentives may be needed in some cities to ensure modal integration and harvest the potential societal benefits from the introduction of shared e-scooters. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 5-31 Issue: 1 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2021.2015639 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2021.2015639 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:1:p:5-31 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2036864_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Andrew Rawson Author-X-Name-First: Andrew Author-X-Name-Last: Rawson Author-Name: Mario Brito Author-X-Name-First: Mario Author-X-Name-Last: Brito Title: A survey of the opportunities and challenges of supervised machine learning in maritime risk analysis Abstract: Identifying and assessing the likelihood and consequences of maritime accidents has been a key focus of research within the maritime industry. However, conventional methods utilised for maritime risk assessment have been dominated by a few methodologies each of which have recognised weaknesses. Given the growing attention that supervised machine learning and big data applications for safety assessments have been receiving in other disciplines, a comprehensive review of the academic literature on this topic in the maritime domain has been conducted. The review encapsulates the prediction of accident occurrence, accident severity, ship detentions and ship collision risk. In particular, the purpose, methods, datasets and features of such studies are compared to better understand how such an approach can be applied in practice and its relative merits. Several key challenges within these themes are also identified, such as the availability and representativeness of the datasets and methodological challenges associated with transparency, model development and results evaluation. Whilst focused within the maritime domain, many of these findings are equally relevant to other transportation topics. This work, therefore, highlights both novel applications for applying these techniques to maritime safety and key challenges that warrant further research in order to strengthen this methodological approach. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 108-130 Issue: 1 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2022.2036864 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2022.2036864 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:1:p:108-130 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2140881_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Nihan Akyelken Author-X-Name-First: Nihan Author-X-Name-Last: Akyelken Author-Name: Debbie Hopkins Author-X-Name-First: Debbie Author-X-Name-Last: Hopkins Title: Researching mobility in times of immobility Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 1-4 Issue: 1 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2022.2140881 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2022.2140881 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:1:p:1-4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2100943_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Marta Aranha Conceição Author-X-Name-First: Marta Aranha Author-X-Name-Last: Conceição Author-Name: Mayara Moraes Monteiro Author-X-Name-First: Mayara Moraes Author-X-Name-Last: Monteiro Author-Name: Dena Kasraian Author-X-Name-First: Dena Author-X-Name-Last: Kasraian Author-Name: Pauline van den Berg Author-X-Name-First: Pauline Author-X-Name-Last: van den Berg Author-Name: Sonja Haustein Author-X-Name-First: Sonja Author-X-Name-Last: Haustein Author-Name: Inês Alves Author-X-Name-First: Inês Author-X-Name-Last: Alves Author-Name: Carlos Lima Azevedo Author-X-Name-First: Carlos Lima Author-X-Name-Last: Azevedo Author-Name: Bruno Miranda Author-X-Name-First: Bruno Author-X-Name-Last: Miranda Title: The effect of transport infrastructure, congestion and reliability on mental wellbeing: a systematic review of empirical studies Abstract: There has been a growing interest in understanding the interdependencies between urbanisation and mental health. Although transportation in cities is complex and of foremost importance to support the mobility of goods and passengers, little is known about how it relates to individual psychological distress. This review aims to provide an up-to-date synthesis of research evidence about the influence of transport infrastructure and operational performance (congestion, delays and reliability) on mental health/wellbeing. It is structured around three main interacting concepts that determined the search/selection of articles: identification of the above-mentioned transport-related exposures; use of psychological and physiological validated instruments; and the outcome on mental health/wellbeing. Ultimately, 69 studies were identified involving an empirical quantitative focus that met the inclusion criteria. We summarise the instruments most reported in these studies and the findings linking transport indicators and psychological and physiological outcomes. Across the review, we identified evidence of the contribution of key transport infrastructure, congestion and delay indicators on negative affective states and psychophysiological distress. Regarding transport reliability, the scarce number of studies identified did not allow for drawing similar firm conclusions. We conclude by discussing some limitations and providing recommendations for future research and policy-making agendas. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 264-302 Issue: 2 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2022.2100943 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2022.2100943 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:2:p:264-302 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2060371_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Keunhyun Park Author-X-Name-First: Keunhyun Author-X-Name-Last: Park Author-Name: Hossein Nasr Esfahani Author-X-Name-First: Hossein Nasr Author-X-Name-Last: Esfahani Author-Name: Valerie Long Novack Author-X-Name-First: Valerie Long Author-X-Name-Last: Novack Author-Name: Jeff Sheen Author-X-Name-First: Jeff Author-X-Name-Last: Sheen Author-Name: Hooman Hadayeghi Author-X-Name-First: Hooman Author-X-Name-Last: Hadayeghi Author-Name: Ziqi Song Author-X-Name-First: Ziqi Author-X-Name-Last: Song Author-Name: Keith Christensen Author-X-Name-First: Keith Author-X-Name-Last: Christensen Title: Impacts of disability on daily travel behaviour: A systematic review Abstract: While people with disabilities have different travel patterns compared with the general traveller population, such discrepancies are ignored in mainstream travel demand modelling and planning practice. The failure to represent the diverse travel behaviour of people with disabilities leads to inaccurate forecasting and poor decision-making and exacerbates transportation disadvantages. Thus, this systematic review synthesises previous studies of travel behaviours among people with disabilities, differing from people without disabilities, in terms of trip frequency, mode choice, travel time and distance, and barriers.This review identified 115 peer-reviewed studies of the daily travel patterns of individuals across three categories of disabilities—mobility, cognitive, and sensory. Our review reveals that persons with disabilities make 10–30% fewer trips than those without disabilities, particularly non-work trips. Another significant difference is in travel mode choice—increased uses of public transit and taxi and riding with others and decreased walking and driving among those with disabilities. People with disabilities are prone to utilising slower means of transportation and travelling shorter distances. The quantitative review highlighted a limited considertation of the built environment characteristics and temporal factors as travel behavour predictors.Further, our qualitative review shows that despite a high level of adaptation, persons with disabilities encounter many barriers in the built environment to their transportation access. The environmental, social, and system barriers make specific modes unavailable to travellers with disabilities, increase travel time, and eventually decrease their trip frequency. This paper provides implications for travel demand modelling and urban and transportation planning and policy that better supports the transportation needs of persons with disabilities. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 178-203 Issue: 2 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2022.2060371 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2022.2060371 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:2:p:178-203 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2146939_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Alexa Delbosc Author-X-Name-First: Alexa Author-X-Name-Last: Delbosc Title: There is no such thing as unbiased research – is there anything we can do about that? Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 155-158 Issue: 2 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2022.2146939 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2022.2146939 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:2:p:155-158 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2101072_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Jonas De Vos Author-X-Name-First: Jonas Author-X-Name-Last: De Vos Author-Name: Katrin Lättman Author-X-Name-First: Katrin Author-X-Name-Last: Lättman Author-Name: Anna-Lena van der Vlugt Author-X-Name-First: Anna-Lena Author-X-Name-Last: van der Vlugt Author-Name: Janina Welsch Author-X-Name-First: Janina Author-X-Name-Last: Welsch Author-Name: Noriko Otsuka Author-X-Name-First: Noriko Author-X-Name-Last: Otsuka Title: Determinants and effects of perceived walkability: a literature review, conceptual model and research agenda Abstract: For decades, accessibility – i.e. the ease of reaching destinations – has been an important concept in transport planning, resulting in many studies trying to measure it and put it into practice. Also walkability, a mode-specific type of accessibility referring to how easy it is to walk (to destinations) received increased attention in the last two decades. In recent years, a new focus has been on how people perceive their accessibility as this may be a stronger predictor of travel behaviour than objective elements of accessibility (such as built environment characteristics). Perceived walkability, i.e. how walk-friendly people experience a certain area, however, has only been explored by a limited number of studies. In this review paper, we give an overview of existing studies analysing perceived walkability, which mostly have focused on its effects on walking frequency/duration, physical activity and various aspects of mental well-being. Based on this literature review, a conceptual model is created, emphasising the determinants and effects of perceived walkability and how it is related to objective walkability. We end this paper by providing avenues for further research, including the introduction of a Short Perceived Walkability Scale (SPWS) and recommendations for data collection and analysis. Doing so can create new insights into perceived walkability and links with related elements, and therefore can contribute to stimulating walking trips and improving the experience of these trips. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 303-324 Issue: 2 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2022.2101072 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2022.2101072 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:2:p:303-324 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2082580_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Heleen Buldeo Rai Author-X-Name-First: Heleen Author-X-Name-Last: Buldeo Rai Author-Name: Laetitia Dablanc Author-X-Name-First: Laetitia Author-X-Name-Last: Dablanc Title: Hunting for treasure: a systematic literature review on urban logistics and e-commerce data Abstract: Online retail channels increasingly shape consumers’ purchase behaviour: we access a diversity of product types through web-shops; employ both smartphones and digital screens in stores; navigate the retail space by browsing online; and order pantry items, fresh groceries as well as prepared foods to be delivered at our doorsteps. The profound impact of online retail on mobility in cities, where the concentration of consumers resides, is, therefore, an extensively investigated and growing topic of interest in research. In the field of urban logistics, studies that evaluate the various impacts of e-commerce or propose efficiency or sustainability-enhancing applications are plentiful. Regardless, the general lack of solid urban e-commerce logistics data is supported widely. In this study, we systematically review the literature to identify and compare the types of e-commerce data that are currently known, employed and disclosed in urban logistics research as well as the data sources that provide access to them. Within the set of identified data, knowledge concentrates on consumer preferences and number of deliveries related to e-commerce. However, our findings confirm the general data paucity, specifically on delivery trip-related information such as deliveries per trip, number of delivery rounds and vehicle specificities. Discrepancies are found in methodologies to collect and compile data, as well as data units used (e.g., orders, parcels, deliveries) that cause large variations in information possibly diverging from reality. The study contributes to current literature and practice by compiling and analysing currently available data on urban e-commerce logistics and by presenting recommendations and best practices for future enhancements in this research field. Based on the systematic literature review, we propose a common data agenda for urban e-commerce logistics research, focused on addressing data gaps and topics that are under-developed and un-developed; pursuing data collection standardisation; disclosing data collection methodologies and sources; and specifying temporal and spatial information as well as units of data. Some data methodologies and sources can be recommended for future research: using interviews to collect quantitative data; collaborating with sector organisations; exploring open maps; employing existing household and time use surveys; and leveraging technological opportunities and new ways of collecting data. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 204-233 Issue: 2 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2022.2082580 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2022.2082580 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:2:p:204-233 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2055674_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Roni Utriainen Author-X-Name-First: Roni Author-X-Name-Last: Utriainen Author-Name: Steve O’Hern Author-X-Name-First: Steve Author-X-Name-Last: O’Hern Author-Name: Markus Pöllänen Author-X-Name-First: Markus Author-X-Name-Last: Pöllänen Title: Review on single-bicycle crashes in the recent scientific literature Abstract: Cycling delivers public health benefits and reductions in carbon dioxide emissions compared to motor vehicle travel. However, riding a bicycle has a higher injury rate per kilometres travelled. Therefore, the shift from cars to bicycles has the potential to cause undesired impacts in terms of road safety. Among cycling injuries, single-bicycle crashes (SBCs) constitute a significant number of all injuries, but the size of the problem is somewhat unknown. This study focuses on the data mainly from the 2010s based on the scientific publications, and explores the proportion and the characteristics of SBCs internationally. Altogether 22 relevant studies were found. In the different studies, the share of SBCs among injured cyclists varies considerably from 17% to 85%. When considering studies based on larger samples and more representative data, the share of SBCs varies between 52% and 85%. It is suggested that SBCs are underreported in certain datasets depending on the methodology chosen to analyse SBCs. The proportion of SBCs has not changed notably during the early twenty-first century. The main characteristics related to SBC events are loss of control or skidding in slippery conditions. The interplay between SBC-related factors such as the infrastructure, the cyclist and other road users, and the bicycle should be further investigated to better understand the causes of SBCs. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 159-177 Issue: 2 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2022.2055674 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2022.2055674 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:2:p:159-177 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2099999_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Léa Ravensbergen Author-X-Name-First: Léa Author-X-Name-Last: Ravensbergen Author-Name: Rania Wasfi Author-X-Name-First: Rania Author-X-Name-Last: Wasfi Author-Name: Mathilde Van Liefferinge Author-X-Name-First: Mathilde Author-X-Name-Last: Van Liefferinge Author-Name: Isidor Ehrlich Author-X-Name-First: Isidor Author-X-Name-Last: Ehrlich Author-Name: Stephanie A. Prince Author-X-Name-First: Stephanie A. Author-X-Name-Last: Prince Author-Name: Gregory Butler Author-X-Name-First: Gregory Author-X-Name-Last: Butler Author-Name: Yan Kestens Author-X-Name-First: Yan Author-X-Name-Last: Kestens Author-Name: Ahmed El-Geneidy Author-X-Name-First: Ahmed Author-X-Name-Last: El-Geneidy Title: Associations between Light Rail Transit and physical activity: a systematic review Abstract: Investment in public transport is on the rise as many cities around the world aim to reduce their carbon footprint and improve population health. One such investment is building or extending Light Rail Transit (LRT). Focusing on studies in the USA, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, this paper reports the results of a systematic review on the associations between LRT and physical activity. This systematic review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Twenty studies were identified through a search of five bibliographic databases (Web of Science, Transport Research International Documentation (TRID), Scopus, Medline, and SPORTDiscus) (n=5,866) and a systematic Google search (n=446). At least two reviewers conducted the search and reviewed the titles and abstract of each identified article to include in the review. Standardized data extraction forms were used to document information from each selected article. The forms included a risk of bias assessment tool. Two reviewers completed the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Our findings show that moderate certainty of evidence exists for the relationship between LRT and walking behaviour. Here, all studies, most of which were natural experiments (n = 6), found a positive association between LRT and walking behaviour, with LRT leading to an increase of 7–40% in walking in most studies (n = 7 out of 8). A positive relationship between LRT and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and between LRT and cycling was also often identified; however, results were inconsistent, and certainty of evidence is low for MPVA, and very low for cycling. Further, some studies (n = 3) identify differences in physical activity participation at different LRT stations, suggesting that station design, surrounding land use, and built environment play important roles in promoting physical activity around LRT. Given this, practitioners can be relatively confident that LRT investments will result in increased walking behaviour. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 234-263 Issue: 2 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2022.2099999 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2022.2099999 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:2:p:234-263 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2119297_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Yuerong Zhang Author-X-Name-First: Yuerong Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang Author-Name: Maria Kamargianni Author-X-Name-First: Maria Author-X-Name-Last: Kamargianni Title: A review on the factors influencing the adoption of new mobility technologies and services: autonomous vehicle, drone, micromobility and mobility as a service Abstract: New mobility technologies and services could address a series of transport-related problems such as pollution, congestion, unpleasant travel experiences, as well as first- and last-mile in-connectivity. Understanding the key factors influencing adoption and enablers is critical to the rollout of the new mobility technologies and services. The objective of this paper is to conduct a systematic review of the new mobility technologies and services, especially on autonomous vehicles, drones, micromobility and Mobility as a Service (MaaS). The ultimate goal is to gain a deeper insight into the factors that affect the adoption or preferences of these technologies and services and thus provide policy implications at the strategic level. The results of the review identified several (1) shared, (2) exclusive, (3) opposing and (4) mixed impacts factors that strongly influence the uptake of new mobilities. The synthesised finding will contribute to policy decisions, particularly regarding the sequencing of the launch and development priorities of new mobility technologies and services. To encourage the uptake of new mobility technologies and services, further promotion would benefit from (1) embedding a spatio-temporal perspective, (2) undertaking a careful market segmentation and (3) a careful segmentation of technology and services based on features, application contexts and purposes. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 407-429 Issue: 3 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2022.2119297 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2022.2119297 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:3:p:407-429 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2159122_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: David A. Hensher Author-X-Name-First: David A. Author-X-Name-Last: Hensher Author-Name: Sampo Hietanen Author-X-Name-First: Sampo Author-X-Name-Last: Hietanen Title: Mobility as a feature (MaaF): rethinking the focus of the second generation of mobility as a service (MaaS) Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 325-329 Issue: 3 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2022.2159122 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2022.2159122 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:3:p:325-329 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2113570_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Lauren Pearson Author-X-Name-First: Lauren Author-X-Name-Last: Pearson Author-Name: Danielle Berkovic Author-X-Name-First: Danielle Author-X-Name-Last: Berkovic Author-Name: Sandy Reeder Author-X-Name-First: Sandy Author-X-Name-Last: Reeder Author-Name: Belinda Gabbe Author-X-Name-First: Belinda Author-X-Name-Last: Gabbe Author-Name: Ben Beck Author-X-Name-First: Ben Author-X-Name-Last: Beck Title: Adults’ self-reported barriers and enablers to riding a bike for transport: a systematic review Abstract: Riding a bike for transport purposes is an effective way to improve population and environmental health. Despite this, participation levels in many countries are low. Identifying the barriers and enablers to riding a bike for transport is essential to developing interventions that encourage bike riding. In this mixed-methods systematic review, we aimed to identify the perceived barriers and enablers to adults riding a bike for transport in Organisation for Economic Development (OECD) countries. A systematic database search was conducted to identify relevant peer-reviewed and grey literature. Fourty-five papers/reports met eligibility criteria. There were 34 barriers and 21 enablers identified. The leading barriers related to riding on the road alongside motor vehicles. Other factors identified included the provision and quality of cycling infrastructure, personal factors such as physical fitness, attitudinal factors such as community perceptions of cyclists, and environmental factors. While this review highlights the complexity of factors that influence the uptake of riding a bike for transport, many of the leading factors could be overcome through the provision of high-quality protected infrastructure for bike riders. Other interventions to address other known barriers and enablers are needed to increase the uptake of bike riding. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 356-384 Issue: 3 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2022.2113570 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2022.2113570 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:3:p:356-384 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2132314_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Markus D. Jakobsen Author-X-Name-First: Markus D. Author-X-Name-Last: Jakobsen Author-Name: Karina Glies Vincents Seeberg Author-X-Name-First: Karina Author-X-Name-Last: Glies Vincents Seeberg Author-Name: Mette Møller Author-X-Name-First: Mette Author-X-Name-Last: Møller Author-Name: Pete Kines Author-X-Name-First: Pete Author-X-Name-Last: Kines Author-Name: Patrick Jørgensen Author-X-Name-First: Patrick Author-X-Name-Last: Jørgensen Author-Name: Lasse Malchow-Møller Author-X-Name-First: Lasse Author-X-Name-Last: Malchow-Møller Author-Name: Alberte B. Andersen Author-X-Name-First: Alberte B. Author-X-Name-Last: Andersen Author-Name: Lars L. Andersen Author-X-Name-First: Lars L. Author-X-Name-Last: Andersen Title: Influence of occupational risk factors for road traffic crashes among professional drivers: systematic review Abstract: This systematic review focuses on factors associated with occupational road crashes among professional drivers of commercial vehicles, e.g. trucks, buses and taxis. PubMed, MEDLINE and Google Scholar were searched, and quality assessment followed guidelines developed by the British Sociological Association medical sociological group. Sixty-six cross-sectional studies and one cohort study were included, of which 18, 45 and 3 studies were categorised as high-, moderate- and low-quality studies, respectively. Twenty-seven significant risk factors for road crashes were divided into six domains: (1) organisational, (2) individual driver characteristics, (3) qualifications, (4) driver conditions, (5) driving behaviour, and (6) external. The most frequently investigated factors were age (individual driver characteristics domain), sleepiness and substance use (driver conditions), driving duration and time of driving (organisational). More recently studied risk factors were management support (organisational), years of experience (qualifications), health parameters (driver conditions), vehicle speed and distracting activities, e.g. use of phone or navigation tools while driving (driving behaviour). The review identified overall risk factor domains and occupation-specific risk factors suitable for targeting and prioritising organisational preventive safety efforts. To obtain a more in-depth understanding of the antecedents of road crashes, future prospective studies are encouraged that evaluate preventive strategies for occupational road crashes. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 533-563 Issue: 3 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2022.2132314 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2022.2132314 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:3:p:533-563 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2131010_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Xueqin Wang Author-X-Name-First: Xueqin Author-X-Name-Last: Wang Author-Name: Yiik Diew Wong Author-X-Name-First: Yiik Diew Author-X-Name-Last: Wong Author-Name: Tianyi Chen Author-X-Name-First: Tianyi Author-X-Name-Last: Chen Author-Name: Kum Fai Yuen Author-X-Name-First: Kum Fai Author-X-Name-Last: Yuen Title: Consumer logistics in contemporary shopping: a synthesised review Abstract: Contemporary shopping is experiencing rapid changes with the increasing ubiquity of technologies that can be utilised to create seamless omni-channel experiences. These changes have logistics-related implications for end-consumers. Adopting Bowersox (1978)’s [Logistics management. New York: Macmillan] categorisation of logistics activities, this study comprises a synthesised review of scattered consumer logistics literature to bring order and structure to this evolving research field. It is found that an omni-channel shopping environment enables the dynamic transfer of logistics activities between business operators and consumers; However, this interaction does not extend to the post-shopping last-mile context. Instead, last-mile logistics is characterised by a somewhat rigid extension/shift of logistics obligations to/from consumers. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has given rise to a self-service and technology-dependence trend in consumer logistics, leading to the more active control of logistics activities by consumers. Four propositions along with a unified framework are proposed, based on which a list of future research questions is suggested. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 502-532 Issue: 3 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2022.2131010 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2022.2131010 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:3:p:502-532 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2119296_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Richa Maheshwari Author-X-Name-First: Richa Author-X-Name-Last: Maheshwari Author-Name: Veronique Van Acker Author-X-Name-First: Veronique Author-X-Name-Last: Van Acker Author-Name: Jonas De Vos Author-X-Name-First: Jonas Author-X-Name-Last: De Vos Author-Name: Frank Witlox Author-X-Name-First: Frank Author-X-Name-Last: Witlox Title: A multi-perspective review of the impact of a workplace relocation on commuting behaviour, commuting satisfaction and subjective well-being Abstract: Recently, a growing body of literature has focused on the role of daily mobility on subjective well-being (SWB). What is less well understood is the temporal effect of commuting on SWB/life satisfaction. To date, most studies addressing this temporal effect consider the impact of a residential relocation and not many studies reflect on the impact of a workplace relocation (WPR) on commuting behaviour, commuting satisfaction and SWB. This is surprising considering that changes at the destination of a commuting trip (i.e. relocation of the workplace) could be as important as changes at the origin of a commuting trip (i.e. relocation of the place of residence). This paper, therefore, aims to provide a systematic review of the impact of a WPR on commuting behaviour, commuting satisfaction and SWB. Using the PRISMA method, we identified 35 papers and developed a conceptual model summarising the main relationships between workplace relocation, commuting behaviour, commuting satisfaction and SWB. This conceptual model also reflects four disciplinary perspectives dominating research on the impacts of a workplace relocation. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 385-406 Issue: 3 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2022.2119296 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2022.2119296 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:3:p:385-406 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2119298_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Emma R. Lawlor Author-X-Name-First: Emma R. Author-X-Name-Last: Lawlor Author-Name: Kate Ellis Author-X-Name-First: Kate Author-X-Name-Last: Ellis Author-Name: Jean Adams Author-X-Name-First: Jean Author-X-Name-Last: Adams Author-Name: Russell Jago Author-X-Name-First: Russell Author-X-Name-Last: Jago Author-Name: Louise Foley Author-X-Name-First: Louise Author-X-Name-Last: Foley Author-Name: Stephanie Morris Author-X-Name-First: Stephanie Author-X-Name-Last: Morris Author-Name: Tessa Pollard Author-X-Name-First: Tessa Author-X-Name-Last: Pollard Author-Name: Carolyn Summerbell Author-X-Name-First: Carolyn Author-X-Name-Last: Summerbell Author-Name: Steven Cummins Author-X-Name-First: Steven Author-X-Name-Last: Cummins Author-Name: Hannah Forde Author-X-Name-First: Hannah Author-X-Name-Last: Forde Author-Name: Campbell Foubister Author-X-Name-First: Campbell Author-X-Name-Last: Foubister Author-Name: Christina Xiao Author-X-Name-First: Christina Author-X-Name-Last: Xiao Author-Name: Jenna Panter Author-X-Name-First: Jenna Author-X-Name-Last: Panter Title: Stakeholders’ experiences of what works in planning and implementing environmental interventions to promote active travel: a systematic review and qualitative synthesis Abstract: Infrastructure for active travel (AT) is receiving attention as a low-cost, sustainable transport option that promotes physical activity. However, the planning and implementation of new AT infrastructure often brings challenges. This review synthesises stakeholders’ views and experiences of developing guidance for, designing, commissioning and implementing environmental interventions to promote AT. Eight databases were searched for studies containing qualitative data from stakeholders with direct experience. Results were synthesised thematically. The risk of bias was assessed using the CASP checklist for qualitative research, and evidence quality using the GRADE-CERQual tool. A total of 21,703 articles were identified from database searches, with 35 studies included. Eighteen studies focused on infrastructure promoting walking and cycling, fourteen on cycling and three on walking. Fifteen studies were judged to have no/very minor concerns, 12 had minor concerns, four had moderate concerns and four were of serious concern. A variety of stakeholders were influential, most commonly supportive elected leaders and individuals in public and voluntary sectors. Inter-disciplinary collaboration facilitated sharing of expertise and resources, and upskilling was beneficial. Effective communication methods varied between stakeholders and reason for communication. Persuasive strategies included aligning with stakeholders priorities and making the best use of evidence. Opportune moments to implement AT infrastructure were alongside non-AT projects and exogenous events. Compliance with AT policies could increase by embedding in higher level legislation. Political support was important and fostered through not de-prioritising cars and gaining external funding. The GRADE-CERQual found high confidence in our findings, apart from the sub-themes “Methods of communication” and “Political will” that had moderate confidence. Our findings can assist stakeholders in successfully navigating the process from conception to implementation of AT infrastructure and inform future policy and decision-making. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 478-501 Issue: 3 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2022.2119298 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2022.2119298 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:3:p:478-501 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2123064_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Anjani Kalra Author-X-Name-First: Anjani Author-X-Name-Last: Kalra Author-Name: Tommy Lim Author-X-Name-First: Tommy Author-X-Name-Last: Lim Author-Name: Lauren Pearson Author-X-Name-First: Lauren Author-X-Name-Last: Pearson Author-Name: Ben Beck Author-X-Name-First: Ben Author-X-Name-Last: Beck Title: Methods used to capture subjective user experiences in adults while riding bicycles: a scoping review Abstract: People who ride bicycles often feel unsafe and/or uncomfortable riding in various road conditions. Therefore, understanding the perceptions or experiences of bicyclists in real-world riding conditions is critical to inform interventions that enhance the experience of bike riding and therefore increase participation. A scoping review was undertaken to investigate methods used for capturing subjective experiences in the process of bicycling, or immediately post-ride. Six electronic databases and reference lists of the included studies were searched from inception to May 2021. Of the 11,904 non-duplicate articles, 53 full-text articles were included in the review. The review identified the following methods used to capture the subjective experiences: (i) on-ride method (n = 7), (ii) immediately post-ride method (n = 13), (iii) on-ride plus post-ride methods (n = 8), (iv) ride-along method (n = 4), (v) ride-along plus post-ride methods (n = 6), and (vi) intercept survey methods (n = 15). Some studies exclusively used naturalistic methods for capturing subjective experiences. There is a need to advance methods and standardise approaches to capture subjective user experiences. This is needed to ensure that we are able to understand the experiences and needs of people who ride bikes to inform the provision of safe and connected infrastructure for all ages and abilities. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 453-477 Issue: 3 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2022.2123064 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2022.2123064 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:3:p:453-477 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2109775_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Gregory Carlton Author-X-Name-First: Gregory Author-X-Name-Last: Carlton Author-Name: Selima Sultana Author-X-Name-First: Selima Author-X-Name-Last: Sultana Title: Transport equity considerations in electric vehicle charging research: a scoping review Abstract: Many communities have been marginalised in the ongoing policy and planning debates surrounding transportation electrification, even though well allocated charging infrastructure is essential for the environmental and societal benefits of Electric Vehicles (EVs) to be realised. This scoping review aims to synthesise the current state of knowledge and gaps surrounding transportation equity in EV charging research. Following PRISMA-Scr protocols, a literature search is conducted to locate articles that explicitly or implicitly discuss EV charging equity. Our review finds that research on charging equity is nascent and lacking in clear normative evaluations of equity compared to the wider body of transportation equity literature. Only slightly more than one-in-four of an identified 37 articles discuss equity and justice explicitly. Equity perspectives in charging research are dominated by North American and European perspectives, with limited perspectives from the rest of the world. Charging incentivisation schemes and planning efforts may not be equity focused and may favour wealthier individuals, and there are differences in the charging needs and desires of high adoption groups compared to low adoption groups. These findings, however, often come from geographically and philosophically limited contexts and there are gaps in the literature for new methodological and topical contributions to this area. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 330-355 Issue: 3 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2022.2109775 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2022.2109775 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:3:p:330-355 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2122625_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Georgios Kapousizis Author-X-Name-First: Georgios Author-X-Name-Last: Kapousizis Author-Name: Mehmet Baran Ulak Author-X-Name-First: Mehmet Baran Author-X-Name-Last: Ulak Author-Name: Karst Geurs Author-X-Name-First: Karst Author-X-Name-Last: Geurs Author-Name: Paul J. M. Havinga Author-X-Name-First: Paul J. M. Author-X-Name-Last: Havinga Title: A review of state-of-the-art bicycle technologies affecting cycling safety: level of smartness and technology readiness Abstract: New technologies are gaining ground in various disciplines, and road safety is not an exception. The objective of this paper is twofold: (1) to review the state-of-the-art technologies implemented in bicycles to improve cyclists’ safety, and (2) to propose a classification for the levels of smartness of emerging “smart bikes”. This paper defines six levels of smartness for bicycles based on their functionality and evaluates the Technology Readiness Levels of bicycle technologies. Furthermore, areas for future research were identified and discussed. To achieve these, we conducted a literature review which employed two academic databases –Scopus and Web of Science– and the Google Scholar search engine, following the framework of the systematic literature review methodology for the search and selection process. A total of 36 studies that met the inclusion criteria were investigated. The majority of these studies focus on warning systems aiming to forestall an imminent collision, mostly by using accelerometers/gyroscopes, LIDAR, sensors and networking communication. These systems, despite their preliminary state, demonstrate a positive effect on cyclists’ safety. The review concludes that there is a need for further deployment and testing of such systems with field trials to gain concrete evidence regarding their impact on cyclists’ safety. It also highlights that advanced technologies are scarcely implemented in bicycles and that most smart bicycle systems are based on smartphones. Thus, the question is: what lies in the future of smart bicycles from today’s perspective? Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 430-452 Issue: 3 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2022.2122625 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2022.2122625 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:3:p:430-452 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2167887_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Marianne Ryghaug Author-X-Name-First: Marianne Author-X-Name-Last: Ryghaug Author-Name: Ivana Subotički Author-X-Name-First: Ivana Author-X-Name-Last: Subotički Author-Name: Emilia Smeds Author-X-Name-First: Emilia Author-X-Name-Last: Smeds Author-Name: Timo von Wirth Author-X-Name-First: Timo Author-X-Name-Last: von Wirth Author-Name: Aline Scherrer Author-X-Name-First: Aline Author-X-Name-Last: Scherrer Author-Name: Chris Foulds Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Foulds Author-Name: Rosie Robison Author-X-Name-First: Rosie Author-X-Name-Last: Robison Author-Name: Luca Bertolini Author-X-Name-First: Luca Author-X-Name-Last: Bertolini Author-Name: Eda Beyazit İnce Author-X-Name-First: Eda Author-X-Name-Last: Beyazit İnce Author-Name: Ralf Brand Author-X-Name-First: Ralf Author-X-Name-Last: Brand Author-Name: Galit Cohen-Blankshtain Author-X-Name-First: Galit Author-X-Name-Last: Cohen-Blankshtain Author-Name: Marc Dijk Author-X-Name-First: Marc Author-X-Name-Last: Dijk Author-Name: Marlene Freudendal Pedersen Author-X-Name-First: Marlene Freudendal Author-X-Name-Last: Pedersen Author-Name: Stephan Gössling Author-X-Name-First: Stephan Author-X-Name-Last: Gössling Author-Name: Robert Guzik Author-X-Name-First: Robert Author-X-Name-Last: Guzik Author-Name: Paula Kivimaa Author-X-Name-First: Paula Author-X-Name-Last: Kivimaa Author-Name: Christian Klöckner Author-X-Name-First: Christian Author-X-Name-Last: Klöckner Author-Name: Hristina Lazarova Nikolova Author-X-Name-First: Hristina Lazarova Author-X-Name-Last: Nikolova Author-Name: Aleksandra Lis Author-X-Name-First: Aleksandra Author-X-Name-Last: Lis Author-Name: Oriol Marquet Author-X-Name-First: Oriol Author-X-Name-Last: Marquet Author-Name: Dimitris Milakis Author-X-Name-First: Dimitris Author-X-Name-Last: Milakis Author-Name: Milos Mladenović Author-X-Name-First: Milos Author-X-Name-Last: Mladenović Author-Name: Gijs Mom Author-X-Name-First: Gijs Author-X-Name-Last: Mom Author-Name: Caroline Mullen Author-X-Name-First: Caroline Author-X-Name-Last: Mullen Author-Name: Nathalie Ortar Author-X-Name-First: Nathalie Author-X-Name-Last: Ortar Author-Name: Pucci Paola Author-X-Name-First: Pucci Author-X-Name-Last: Paola Author-Name: Catarina Sales Oliveira Author-X-Name-First: Catarina Sales Author-X-Name-Last: Oliveira Author-Name: Tim Schwanen Author-X-Name-First: Tim Author-X-Name-Last: Schwanen Author-Name: Tauri Tuvikene Author-X-Name-First: Tauri Author-X-Name-Last: Tuvikene Author-Name: Alexander Wentland Author-X-Name-First: Alexander Author-X-Name-Last: Wentland Title: A Social Sciences and Humanities research agenda for transport and mobility in Europe: key themes and 100 research questions Abstract: Transport and mobility systems need to be transformed to meet climate change goals and reduce negative environmental and social effects. Despite EU policies having targeted such problems for more than three decades, transitions have been slow and geographically uneven. For effective change to happen, transport and mobility research needs fresh perspectives and better integration of knowledge from the Social Sciences and Humanities. Based on a Horizon Scanning approach, which allowed for a great deal of openness and variety in scholarly viewpoints, this paper presents a novel research agenda consisting of 8 themes and 100 research questions that may contribute to achieving environmentally sustainable mobility transitions within Europe. This research agenda highlights the need to not only support technological solutions for low-carbon mobility, but the importance of transformative policies that include new processes of knowledge production, civic participation and epistemic justice. We contend that the agenda points to the need for further research on the dynamics of science-society interactions. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 755-779 Issue: 4 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2167887 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2167887 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:4:p:755-779 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2165575_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Jennifer L. Kent Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer L. Author-X-Name-Last: Kent Author-Name: Melanie Crane Author-X-Name-First: Melanie Author-X-Name-Last: Crane Author-Name: Nilakshi Waidyatillake Author-X-Name-First: Nilakshi Author-X-Name-Last: Waidyatillake Author-Name: Mark Stevenson Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Stevenson Author-Name: Lauren Pearson Author-X-Name-First: Lauren Author-X-Name-Last: Pearson Title: Urban form and physical activity through transport: a review based on the d-variable framework Abstract: The potential to encourage physical activity through the use of active transport modes, particularly walking and cycling, is of interest to public health and planning professionals alike. The way elements of urban form, such as density, destination accessibility, design, distance and diversity can either promote or discourage active transport use, is a well-developed area of research. While this research body has been examined previously, urban form is often conceptualised in varying ways, resulting in review recommendations that are difficult to operationalise in subsequent urban and transport planning research. This review takes a fresh perspective on the research by undertaking a narrative review of 104 quality assessed articles examining the impact of elements of urban form on walking and cycling. Urban form is conceptualised using the well-known D-variable framework. We found that the impact of urban form on active transport was expressed in 293 measurements, and that 95.5% of these measurements were positively correlated with the use of walking and/or cycling for transport. We conclude that differences in the built environment are related to differences in the use of physically active modes – active travel is practised in environments where distances are shorter, the distribution of uses are mixed, and infrastructure, including transit, is tailored and accessible. Furthermore, while the D variables framework remains effective for conceptualising this link, this review reveals ways that the framework to be used in a more comprehensive, specific and practical way. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 726-754 Issue: 4 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2165575 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2165575 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:4:p:726-754 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2133189_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Paulo Anciaes Author-X-Name-First: Paulo Author-X-Name-Last: Anciaes Title: Effects of the roadside visual environment on driver wellbeing and behaviour – a systematic review Abstract: The view that drivers have from the road can be enjoyable or disturbing, stressful or relaxing, distracting or fatiguing. Road planning guidelines balance aesthetical and safety considerations but are rarely grounded on empirical evidence. This paper reviews evidence on the effects of the roadside visual environment on the wellbeing and behaviour of drivers, focusing on natural and built elements external to the road, i.e. excluding road geometry, design, conditions, and users. Standardised information was extracted from 50 studies. These studies have used experiments involving participants watching videos or driving a simulator or instrumented vehicle, usually with unrepresentative samples (mostly males, young age groups, and students). Most evidence is related to the driving task (e.g. distraction, fatigue), not to wider aspects of driver wellbeing (e.g. stress recovery), and to safety issues, not aesthetical ones. There is increased evidence for monotonous views (linked to fatigue), roadside vegetation (linked mainly to a reduction of stress and risky driving behaviours, but depending on the characteristics of the vegetation) and advertisements (linked to distraction, but depending on advertisement type and other variables). A few studies have looked at other elements of the built environment (memorials, drones, wind turbines, utility poles), with mixed evidence on distraction and safety behaviour. The links between continued exposure to certain types of views and car commuter stress have not been studied. There is little evidence for developing countries or differences by gender, visual impairment, trip purpose, and type of vehicle. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 571-598 Issue: 4 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2022.2133189 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2022.2133189 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:4:p:571-598 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2147240_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Debjit Bhowmick Author-X-Name-First: Debjit Author-X-Name-Last: Bhowmick Author-Name: Meead Saberi Author-X-Name-First: Meead Author-X-Name-Last: Saberi Author-Name: Mark Stevenson Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Stevenson Author-Name: Jason Thompson Author-X-Name-First: Jason Author-X-Name-Last: Thompson Author-Name: Meghan Winters Author-X-Name-First: Meghan Author-X-Name-Last: Winters Author-Name: Trisalyn Nelson Author-X-Name-First: Trisalyn Author-X-Name-Last: Nelson Author-Name: Simone Zarpelon Leao Author-X-Name-First: Simone Zarpelon Author-X-Name-Last: Leao Author-Name: Sachith Seneviratne Author-X-Name-First: Sachith Author-X-Name-Last: Seneviratne Author-Name: Christopher Pettit Author-X-Name-First: Christopher Author-X-Name-Last: Pettit Author-Name: Hai L. Vu Author-X-Name-First: Hai L. Author-X-Name-Last: Vu Author-Name: Kerry Nice Author-X-Name-First: Kerry Author-X-Name-Last: Nice Author-Name: Ben Beck Author-X-Name-First: Ben Author-X-Name-Last: Beck Title: A systematic scoping review of methods for estimating link-level bicycling volumes Abstract: Estimation of bicycling volumes is essential for the strategic implementation of infrastructure and related transport elements and policies. Link-level volume estimation models (models that estimate volumes on individual street segments) allow for understanding variation in bicycling volumes across an entire network at higher spatial resolution than area-level models. Such models assist transport planners to efficiently monitor network usage, to identify opportunities to enhance safety and to evaluate the impact of policy and infrastructure interventions. However, given the sparsity and scarcity of bicycling data as compared to its motorised counterparts, link-level bicycling volume estimation literature is relatively limited. This paper conducts a scoping review of link-level bicycling volume estimation methods by implementing systematic search strategies across relevant databases, thereby identifying appropriate studies for the review. The review resulted in some interesting findings. Among all the methods implemented, direct demand modelling was the predominant one. Not a single study implemented multiple modelling approaches in the same study area, thereby not allowing for comparison of these approaches. Most studies were conducted in the United States. It was also observed that there exists a lot of heterogeneity in the reporting of basic study characteristics and validation results, sometimes to the extent of not reporting these at all. The study presents the different types of data used in modelling (count, travel survey, GPS data) along with an array of popular explanatory variables that can inform future studies about data collection and variable selection for modelling. The study discusses the strengths and limitations of different methods and finally presents recommendations for future research. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 622-651 Issue: 4 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2022.2147240 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2022.2147240 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:4:p:622-651 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2166146_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Farah A. Awad Author-X-Name-First: Farah A. Author-X-Name-Last: Awad Author-Name: Daniel J. Graham Author-X-Name-First: Daniel J. Author-X-Name-Last: Graham Author-Name: Laila AitBihiOuali Author-X-Name-First: Laila Author-X-Name-Last: AitBihiOuali Author-Name: Ramandeep Singh Author-X-Name-First: Ramandeep Author-X-Name-Last: Singh Title: Performance of urban rail transit: a review of measures and interdependencies Abstract: Recent years saw immense growth in performance measurement literature related to public transit systems, with a clear segmentation between financial and quality-of-service performance frameworks. Recently, there has been a shift away from considering cost efficiency alone as a performance measure, and quality-of-service – which influences ridership attraction and retention – has been receiving more interest. The segmentation of these two performance aspects poses a gap in the literature, as there are interdependencies between them. This study provides a systematic review of the methodologies and empirical findings of studies on both performance measurement aspects of urban rail transit systems; specifically, we demonstrate the importance of linking cost efficiency analyses to the level of service quality. To our knowledge, this is the first review of urban rail transit research that links the two performance aspects. We begin by reviewing the methodological limitations of cost performance measures and summarising the drivers of cost performance in the existing literature. We then review studies on the definitions and measurements of quality-of-service in urban rail performance. Lastly, we summarise the scant literature linking the two performance aspects and highlight future study directions, mainly, the importance of a structural framework to provide a holistic view of transit operators’ performance. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 698-725 Issue: 4 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2166146 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2166146 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:4:p:698-725 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2145386_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Yinhua Tao Author-X-Name-First: Yinhua Author-X-Name-Last: Tao Author-Name: Ana Petrović Author-X-Name-First: Ana Author-X-Name-Last: Petrović Author-Name: Maarten van Ham Author-X-Name-First: Maarten Author-X-Name-Last: van Ham Title: Commuting behaviours and subjective wellbeing: a critical review of longitudinal research Abstract: The relationship between commuting behaviours and subjective wellbeing has been fascinating scholars of different disciplines. Especially in the last decade, longitudinal research designs have made great progress in identifying causality in the commuting-wellbeing relationship by focusing on within-individual variations over time. However, the results from longitudinal research are far from consistent and, therefore, questions remain unanswered regarding the association of motorised and long commuting journeys with subjective wellbeing in the long term. The aim of this literature review is to account for why these inconsistencies occur and to provide some avenues for future longitudinal research. We achieve this by developing theoretical conceptualisations of the commuting-wellbeing relationship from an interdisciplinary perspective, which drives the subsequent critical review of empirical longitudinal evidence based on nation/city-wide panel surveys, intervention experiments and relocation events. We recommend furture research to distinguish and integrate different processes that lead to changes in commuting behaviours, including environmental changes, information or participatory interventions, and the event of residential relocation together with other life events and long-term processes in life. This processual thinking will enrich the temporal scope of longitudinal research and contribute to a better understanding of the interdependent relationship between daily commuting behaviours and long-term subjective wellbeing. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 599-621 Issue: 4 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2022.2145386 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2022.2145386 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:4:p:599-621 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2165574_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Hui Wang Author-X-Name-First: Hui Author-X-Name-Last: Wang Author-Name: Jinyang Li Author-X-Name-First: Jinyang Author-X-Name-Last: Li Author-Name: Pengling Wang Author-X-Name-First: Pengling Author-X-Name-Last: Wang Author-Name: Jing Teng Author-X-Name-First: Jing Author-X-Name-Last: Teng Author-Name: Becky P. Y. Loo Author-X-Name-First: Becky P. Y. Author-X-Name-Last: Loo Title: Adaptability analysis methods of demand responsive transit: a review and future directions Abstract: Demand responsive transit (DRT) echoes the new requirements of modern travel on flexibility and carbon reduction, as well as achieving a better match between demand and supply. However, many DRTs still failed. An important step named adaptability analysis helps to understand the context, desirability, and feasibility of introducing DRT. An adaptability analysis includes three sub-questions. Question 1 focuses on policy, regulation, funding, and technologies. Question 2 looks at the interactions of travel demand with operation parameters such as fare and fleet size. Question 3 tries to figure out the impacts of DRT on mobility, society, and the environment. To answer Question 1, macro-level methods collect information and generalise from empirical knowledge, including experience and barriers from real-world operation cases. To answer Question 2, meso-level methods determine the operation mode of DRT by quantifying related factors and establishing evaluation models or boundary condition decision models. To answer Question 3, micro-level methods use microscopic models for simulating the interaction between passengers and vehicles under different scenarios. This paper further discusses the advantages, disadvantages, and future directions of adaptability analysis methods of DRT. Overall, DRT presents great potential and future adaptability analysis should be developed by considering new trends in DRT and more complex and practical-oriented scenarios. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 676-697 Issue: 4 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2165574 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2165574 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:4:p:676-697 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2198458_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Eric Miller Author-X-Name-First: Eric Author-X-Name-Last: Miller Title: The current state of activity-based travel demand modelling and some possible next steps Abstract: Despite the clear theoretical advantages of activity-based models of travel behaviour relative to trip-based models, adoption of such models in planning practice has been slow. This editorial discusses some reasons underlying this fact, including “locking into” outmoded model structures and software and challenges in translating research advances into practice. It argues for more widespread adoption of an activity-scheduling approach to the problem and identifies a number of key areas requiring new research in order to improve the operational capabilities of these models. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 565-570 Issue: 4 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2198458 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2198458 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:4:p:565-570 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2171151_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Haipeng Cui Author-X-Name-First: Haipeng Author-X-Name-Last: Cui Author-Name: Qiang Meng Author-X-Name-First: Qiang Author-X-Name-Last: Meng Author-Name: Teck-Hou Teng Author-X-Name-First: Teck-Hou Author-X-Name-Last: Teng Author-Name: Xiaobo Yang Author-X-Name-First: Xiaobo Author-X-Name-Last: Yang Title: Spatiotemporal correlation modelling for machine learning-based traffic state predictions: state-of-the-art and beyond Abstract: Predicting traffic states has gained more attention because of its practical significance. However, the existing literature lacks a critical review regarding how to address the spatiotemporal correlation in the ML-based traffic state prediction models from a traffic-oriented perspective. Therefore, this study aims to comprehensively and critically review the spatiotemporal correlation modelling (STCM) approaches adopted for developing ML-based traffic state prediction models and provide future research directions based on traffic-oriented characteristics and ML techniques. Concretely, we investigate the neural network-based traffic state prediction models and characterise the STCM of these models by a proposed systematic review framework including three components: (i) spatial feature representation that demonstrates how the spatial information regarding road network is formulated, (ii) temporal feature representation that illustrates a variety of approaches to extract the temporal features, and (iii) model structure analyses the model layout to address the spatial correlations and temporal correlations simultaneously. Finally, several open challenges regarding incorporating traffic-oriented characteristics such as signal effects with ML techniques are put up with future research directions provided and discussed. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 780-804 Issue: 4 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2171151 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2171151 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:4:p:780-804 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2163319_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Asimina Voskaki Author-X-Name-First: Asimina Author-X-Name-Last: Voskaki Author-Name: Thomas Budd Author-X-Name-First: Thomas Author-X-Name-Last: Budd Author-Name: Keith Mason Author-X-Name-First: Keith Author-X-Name-Last: Mason Title: The impact of climate hazards to airport systems: a synthesis of the implications and risk mitigation trends Abstract: Climate hazards have only fairly recently been acknowledged as key risk factors for airports. While there is a growing body of research examining specific climate change impacts, there is only limited work that combines this literature with overall climate risk. This paper seeks to address this gap in the literature by investigating and synthesising findings from studies relating to historical airport sensitivity to climate hazards and offering insights on the overall climate risk for the global airport system. With airports increasingly needing to become more “climate-resilient” due to projected changes in global climate, airport planners and decision-makers face challenges in terms of identifying key priority areas for resilience planning and investment. The findings of the paper provide insights into these challenges by examining best-applied practices and current levels of vulnerability. The paper supports the wider inclusion of climate risks as a key factor in airports’ planning and operational processes. This will require transforming current management cultures to enhance an airport's operational ability to respond to climate events efficiently and recover quickly in the event of a disruption. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 652-675 Issue: 4 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2022.2163319 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2022.2163319 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:4:p:652-675 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2189323_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Louis A. Merlin Author-X-Name-First: Louis A. Author-X-Name-Last: Merlin Author-Name: Ulrike Jehle Author-X-Name-First: Ulrike Author-X-Name-Last: Jehle Title: Global interest in walking accessibility: a scoping review Abstract: We conduct a systematic scoping review of the academic literature concerning pedestrian accessibility. We distinguish “walking accessibility” from the broader topic of “walkability” by two criteria: papers must consider one or more destination type(s), and papers must address the issue of distance or impedance. After searching Web of Science, TRID, and Google Scholar databases and conducting screening, we identify 85 papers meeting these criteria. We organise the literature review according to the four components of accessibility identified by Geurs and van Wee [(2004). Accessibility evaluation of land-use and transport strategies: Review and research directions. Journal of Transport Geography, 12(2), 127–140]: (1) Land use; (2) transport; (3) temporal; and (4) individual and also add a section on the topic of impedance. Walking accessibility studies address a much greater range of land uses or destination types than is typically found for other modes. The transportation component is relatively undeveloped, as pedestrian infrastructure includes many influential elements not currently tracked in GIS systems. Few studies address the temporal component of walk accessibility, which varies according to climatic and nighttime conditions. Most papers do not account for the significant variation across individual capabilities and preferences regarding walking. We note that developing detailed pedestrian networks is a key first step, as most published analysis is conducted on roadway networks. A second major recommendation is to consider individual variations in walk accessibility across demographic classifications, accounting for varying levels of physical mobility. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 1021-1054 Issue: 5 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2189323 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2189323 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:5:p:1021-1054 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2175274_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Thomas O. Hancock Author-X-Name-First: Thomas O. Author-X-Name-Last: Hancock Author-Name: Charisma F. Choudhury Author-X-Name-First: Charisma F. Author-X-Name-Last: Choudhury Title: Utilising physiological data for augmenting travel choice models: methodological frameworks and directions of future research Abstract: Recent technological and methodological advances have led to the possibility of a wider range of data being incorporated into travel choice models. In particular, physiological data such as eye-tracking information, skin conductance, heart rate recordings and electroencephalogram (EEG) have emerged as promising sources of information that could be used to gain insights into the decision-making process as well as the decision-maker's state of mind. However, research on methodologies to utilise these data sources and to integrate them with mobility data for advancing state-of-the-art travel behaviour models is still very limited. In this paper, we discuss the key benefits of using these emerging sources of physiological data, review applications of different types of physiological data and highlight their strengths and weaknesses. Particular attention is paid to two different generic frameworks for integrating these types of data into econometric choice models of travel behaviour. The first framework involves using physiological sensor data as indicators of latent variables while in the second framework, they are used as exogenous variables. We identify the research gaps and outline the directions for future methodological and applied research required to better utilise the physiological data for travel choice models. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 838-866 Issue: 5 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2175274 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2175274 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:5:p:838-866 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2175276_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Pablo Campos-Garzón Author-X-Name-First: Pablo Author-X-Name-Last: Campos-Garzón Author-Name: Romina G. Saucedo-Araujo Author-X-Name-First: Romina G. Author-X-Name-Last: Saucedo-Araujo Author-Name: Javier Sevil-Serrano Author-X-Name-First: Javier Author-X-Name-Last: Sevil-Serrano Author-Name: Jairo H. Migueles Author-X-Name-First: Jairo H. Author-X-Name-Last: Migueles Author-Name: Yaira Barranco-Ruiz Author-X-Name-First: Yaira Author-X-Name-Last: Barranco-Ruiz Author-Name: Palma Chillón Author-X-Name-First: Palma Author-X-Name-Last: Chillón Title: A systematic review in device-measured physical activity during active commuting to/from school: practical considerations to assess when, where, and how much it occurs Abstract: Active commuting to/from school (ACS) is an efficient manner to increase daily physical activity (PA) levels. However, there seems to be no consensus on the best methodology to accurately assess ACS-PA. Therefore, this systematic review aimed (1) to compile and review the methodologies used in device-measured ACS-PA in young people, including the definition of the times (i.e. start/end times) and the locations (i.e. home/school) of the trips (i.e. when and where), and how to quantify the ACS-PA mode, intensity, and volume with devices (e.g. accelerometers, pedometers), (2) to analyse the strengths and limitations of these methodologies, and (3) to propose practical recommendations for ACS-PA measurement. A systematic search was carried out up to 2021 in five different databases. The systematic search yielded 6,274 references, of which 27 papers met the inclusion criteria (See PMC7459731). Methodologies used to assess ACS-PA were heterogenous, especially on how to determine the times when ACS takes place. The start/end times of the trips were mainly identified using predefined time intervals, even though GPS-based detection were also used in some studies. Regarding how to quantify the ACS-PA, the main mode of ACS assessed was walking and the most used device was the accelerometer to quantify the PA intensity. This systematic review provides the strengths and limitations of each method, proposes solutions to appropriately measure ACS-PA, and includes a decision tree for helping researchers’ decision-making.PROSPERO registration number CRD42020162004A. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 888-913 Issue: 5 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2175276 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2175276 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:5:p:888-913 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2189322_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Rong Cheng Author-X-Name-First: Rong Author-X-Name-Last: Cheng Author-Name: Yu Jiang Author-X-Name-First: Yu Author-X-Name-Last: Jiang Author-Name: Otto Anker Nielsen Author-X-Name-First: Otto Anker Author-X-Name-Last: Nielsen Title: Integrated people-and-goods transportation systems: from a literature review to a general framework for future research Abstract: The promotion of urban mobility by integrating people-and-goods transportation has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Within this framework, diversified forms such as co-modality, freight on transit, and crowdshipping have been proposed, piloted or implemented. The success of the implementation and market penetration depends on not only the novelties of the concept but also the planning and operational efficiency. Thus, a comprehensive review focusing on the operation of integrated people-and-goods transportation systems and associated critical decisions and subproblems is performed. Different practical forms in which people and goods are transported in an integrated manner are identified. The critical decisions associated with each form and subproblem are discussed, along with corresponding models and solution approaches. Notably, because integrated transportation systems are in the early exploration stage at present, new forms are expected to emerge. Therefore, this paper proposes a general framework to realise the planning and operation of new forms in the future. The decisions and subproblems identified from existing forms are fed to the proposed general framework to identify two key research opportunities: to improve or extend existing research and to conduct pioneering research to fill the gaps in the frameworks for operating potential forms of integrated people-and-goods transportation. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 997-1020 Issue: 5 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2189322 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2189322 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:5:p:997-1020 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2185314_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Leen De Paepe Author-X-Name-First: Leen Author-X-Name-Last: De Paepe Author-Name: Veronique Van Acker Author-X-Name-First: Veronique Author-X-Name-Last: Van Acker Author-Name: Frank Witlox Author-X-Name-First: Frank Author-X-Name-Last: Witlox Title: To share or not to share, by whom is the question. Acceptability and acceptance of shared transport services by vulnerable groups Abstract: It is believed that shared transport services (STSs) can reduce transport poverty and social exclusion. This paper proposes a definition of “social acceptability” and “social acceptance” and examines whether vulnerable groups accept STSs. The notions “acceptability” and “acceptance” were distinguished and four necessary conditions, especially for vulnerable groups, or the 4As were identified: “availability”, “accessibility”, “affordability”, and “attractability”. In the context of STSs, “social acceptability” is defined as the degree to which an individual intends to use a STS before experiencing it in everyday travel based on the expected availability, accessibility, affordability, and attractability of the service, while “social acceptance” also incorporates the use of a STS after experiencing it in everyday travel based on a minimum level of perceived availability, accessibility, affordability, and attractability. This paper further reviews the scientific literature in transport research regarding the “acceptability” or “acceptance” of STSs by vulnerable groups. While several studies include socio-economic and demographic variables (e.g. age, gender) to explain the “acceptability” of STSs, only a few studies specifically focus on vulnerable groups. More research on the “social acceptance” of STSs, especially shared scooters, ride-sharing, and apps and Mobility as a Service (MaaS), by vulnerable groups is needed. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 935-969 Issue: 5 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2185314 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2185314 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:5:p:935-969 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2179683_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Alexa Delbosc Author-X-Name-First: Alexa Author-X-Name-Last: Delbosc Author-Name: Rahman Shafi Author-X-Name-First: Rahman Author-X-Name-Last: Shafi Title: What do we know about immigrants’ travel behaviour? A systematic literature review and proposed conceptual framework Abstract: Immigrants make up a significant population in many countries; in some countries as many as 30% of the population was born overseas. An increasing number of studies have found that immigrants are likely to travel differently to their native-born counterparts. But to date the reasons for these differences have been explored disparately across many different countries and contexts, which makes it difficult to determine whether these findings are transferrable. This study aims to develop a conceptual framework of immigrant travel behaviour using a systematic literature review of existing studies. A systematic search uncovered 48 studies of immigrant travel behaviour between 2004 and 2022; nearly half of these studies were published in the last five years. Most studies found that on average, immigrants drove less and used other modes (including carpool) more than native-born counterparts, but that travel behaviour tends to assimilate toward the norm over time. We propose two broad factors that influence this process: direct effects including demographics, attitudes, past travel behaviour and socio-cultural norms; and the role of ethnic enclaves which set the scene for the transport and land-use system experienced by immigrant communities. But all of these factors play out differently against the intersecting background of an immigrants’ country of origin and country of destination. Given this complexity, future research should explore a greater variety of immigrant cohorts and look in greater depth at the past travel experiences of immigrants. If we choose not to consider where people come from, we risk further excluding potentially vulnerable groups as well as potentially missing out on a growing market for more sustainable transport solutions. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 914-934 Issue: 5 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2179683 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2179683 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:5:p:914-934 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2171500_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Hugo Badia Author-X-Name-First: Hugo Author-X-Name-Last: Badia Author-Name: Erik Jenelius Author-X-Name-First: Erik Author-X-Name-Last: Jenelius Title: Shared e-scooter micromobility: review of use patterns, perceptions and environmental impacts Abstract: Recently, a new shared micromobility service has become popular in cities. The service is supplied by a new vehicle, the e-scooter, which is equipped with a dockless security system and electric power assistance. The relatively unregulated proliferation of these systems driven by the private sector has resulted in numerous research questions about their repercussions. This paper reviews scientific publications as well as evaluation reports and other technical documents from around the world to provide insights about these issues. In particular, we focus on mobility, consumer perception and environment. Based on this review, we observe several knowledge needs in different directions: deeper comprehension of use patterns, their function in the whole transport system, and appropriate policies, designs and operations for competitive and sustainable shared e-scooter services. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 811-837 Issue: 5 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2171500 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2171500 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:5:p:811-837 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2175275_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Lina Trosvik Author-X-Name-First: Lina Author-X-Name-Last: Trosvik Author-Name: Johanna Takman Author-X-Name-First: Johanna Author-X-Name-Last: Takman Author-Name: Lisa Björk Author-X-Name-First: Lisa Author-X-Name-Last: Björk Author-Name: Jenny Norrman Author-X-Name-First: Jenny Author-X-Name-Last: Norrman Author-Name: Yvonne Andersson-Sköld Author-X-Name-First: Yvonne Author-X-Name-Last: Andersson-Sköld Title: A meta-evaluation of climate policy evaluations: findings from the freight transport sector Abstract: Knowledge about how implemented policy instruments have performed is important for designing effective and efficient policy instruments that contribute to reductions of greenhouse gas emissions. This paper carries out a meta-evaluation of ex-post evaluations of climate policy instruments in the freight transport sector. By analysing the outcomes and quality of evaluations, the aim is to identify whether estimated effects of policy instruments can be compared between evaluations and if the results are appropriate to use for evidence-based decision making. To analyse these aspects, commonly applied evaluation criteria are assessed and classified according to an assessment scale. We confirm that few ex-post evaluations are carried out and that there is a gap between evaluation theory and how ex-post policy evaluations are performed in practice, where evaluation criteria recommended in policy evaluation guidelines are found to often be neglected in evaluations. The result is a lack of systematic climate policy evaluation which hinders reliable conclusions about the effect of policy instruments. There is a need for more systematic monitoring and evaluation of implemented policy instruments and we suggest that evidence-based decision making can be improved by adjusting current policy evaluation guidelines and by introducing an evaluation obligation. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 867-887 Issue: 5 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2175275 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2175275 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:5:p:867-887 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2220206_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Jonas De Vos Author-X-Name-First: Jonas Author-X-Name-Last: De Vos Author-Name: Alireza Ermagun Author-X-Name-First: Alireza Author-X-Name-Last: Ermagun Author-Name: F. Atiyya Shaw Author-X-Name-First: F. Atiyya Author-X-Name-Last: Shaw Title: Wait time, travel time and waiting during travel: existing research and future directions Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 805-810 Issue: 5 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2220206 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2220206 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:5:p:805-810 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2188619_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Haimanti Bala Author-X-Name-First: Haimanti Author-X-Name-Last: Bala Author-Name: Sabreena Anowar Author-X-Name-First: Sabreena Author-X-Name-Last: Anowar Author-Name: Samuel Chng Author-X-Name-First: Samuel Author-X-Name-Last: Chng Author-Name: Lynette Cheah Author-X-Name-First: Lynette Author-X-Name-Last: Cheah Title: Review of studies on public acceptability and acceptance of shared autonomous mobility services: past, present and future Abstract: The emergence of vehicle automation and its subsequent growth has led to new transport service offerings, generally known as Autonomous Mobility Services (AMS), that have the potential to replace human-operated vehicles. However, the functionalities of AMS are increasingly blurring the fine lines that currently distinguish different transport modes. For example, an autonomous shuttle bus, a form of autonomous transit, may serve a similar function as an autonomous taxi/robo-taxi, both coinciding with the concept of Shared Autonomous Mobility Services (SAMS). Even if the functionalities or operational principles are different, people may perceive sharing rides in any of these services as alike. Similarly, the absence of a human driver makes the concepts of autonomous carsharing and ridehailing similar. Hence, there is a need to review studies related to SAMS. However, few studies have attempted to perform a comprehensive review of public acceptance of SAMS. This study aims to fill this gap by reviewing studies related to public acceptability and acceptance, perception, intention to use, attitudes, mode choice and willingness constructs regarding SAMS. This review clearly distinguishes different types of SAMS while examining public’s acceptability and acceptance of SAMS across five dimensions: perception about the services, intention to choose and use those over other modal alternatives, frequency of usage and willingness constructs. Overall, the results from our review indicate the presence of heterogeneity across sub-groups regarding the adoption of SAMS. Discussing the factors affecting SAMS acceptance in a detailed manner, our study serves to provide a stocktake of the progress in this genre of research. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 970-996 Issue: 5 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2188619 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2188619 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:5:p:970-996 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2205177_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Bing-yu Chiu Author-X-Name-First: Bing-yu Author-X-Name-Last: Chiu Author-Name: Erick Guerra Author-X-Name-First: Erick Author-X-Name-Last: Guerra Title: What predicts motorcycle ownership, mode choice, and use for utilitarian travel? A literature review Abstract: This literature review is the first to explore the predictors of the ownership, mode choice, and use of private motorcycles for utilitarian travel. Existing literature reviews on motorcycles only focused on the adverse impacts of motorcycle transport. A total of 45 articles in English published up to 2022 from quantitative and qualitative studies were reviewed to identify socioeconomic and built environment predictors of motorcycle travel which can be affected by planning or policy interventions. Motorcycle ownership level of a country is explained by average income, population density, and urbanisation level; that of a province or city by average income; and that of a household by the numbers of adults and workers, car ownership level, income as well as the population density and road density at the residential location. The choice of individuals to use a motorcycle rather than other modes is predicted by income and age as well as the advantages of time and cost savings of motorcycles over other modes. The amount of motorcycle use of households or individuals is associated with the number of household members, car ownership level, the age of the principal user, and income. Supply of public transport should focus on areas prone to widespread motorcycle ownership to both slow down the growth in motorcycle ownership and pre-empt that in car ownership as both types of motorised vehicles bring environmental and public health harms. More research is needed for further understanding of the relationships between motorcycle travel, the built environment, and public transport supply. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 1165-1189 Issue: 6 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2205177 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2205177 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:6:p:1165-1189 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2206168_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: David Welch Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Welch Author-Name: Daniel Shepherd Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Author-X-Name-Last: Shepherd Author-Name: Kim N. Dirks Author-X-Name-First: Kim N. Author-X-Name-Last: Dirks Author-Name: Ravi Reddy Author-X-Name-First: Ravi Author-X-Name-Last: Reddy Title: Health effects of transport noise Abstract: The relationship between transport noise and health outcomes is complex, in part because of the large number of factors involved as well as the range of health impacts, both direct and indirect. To enable the reader to come to grips with the complexity, we have divided the health outcomes into groups: those that are more directly linked to transport noise exposure and those that are more indirectly linked. Four health outcomes, namely annoyance, cognitive disruption, sleep problems, and noise-induced hearing loss, can be directly attributable to transport noise exposure. Less direct outcomes are stress, mental health, metabolic health, cardiovascular health, and overall health-related quality of life. Stress may occur as a direct response to noise, or may occur in response to the aforementioned direct effects. The stress response is a survival mechanism in the short term, but in the long term, stress may lead to systemic health conditions, namely metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes, and to mental health conditions. Finally, a global health outcome that incorporates all of the more direct outcomes is health-related quality of life. Other exposures associated with transport noise that may explain parts of the health outcomes need to be acknowledged, including exposure to social inequities, air pollution, and vibration. These may all be more likely to be experienced by people who are exposed to transport noise in the community and may thus influence the outcomes. Finally, transport noise appears to have more impact on health in those who are noise sensitive, thus noise sensitivity is a key moderator of all the effects observed. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 1190-1210 Issue: 6 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2206168 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2206168 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:6:p:1190-1210 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2195687_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Cristian Domarchi Author-X-Name-First: Cristian Author-X-Name-Last: Domarchi Author-Name: Elisabetta Cherchi Author-X-Name-First: Elisabetta Author-X-Name-Last: Cherchi Title: Electric vehicle forecasts: a review of models and methods including diffusion and substitution effects Abstract: Governments worldwide are investing in innovative transport technologies to foster their development and widespread adoptions. Since accurate predictions are essential for evaluating public policies, great efforts have been devoted to forecast the potential demand and adoption times of these innovations. However, this proves to be challenging, and it often fails to deliver accurate predictions. Learning a lesson to guide future work is critical but difficult because forecast figures depend on modelling methods and assumptions, and exhibit a great variability in methodologies, data and contexts. This paper provides a critical review of the models and methods employed in the literature to forecast the demand for electric vehicles (EVs), with a focus on the methods for incorporating choice behaviour into diffusion modelling. The review complements and extends previous works in three ways: (1) it focuses specifically on the ways in which fuel type choice has been incorporated into diffusion models or vice-versa; (2) it includes a discussion on forecast accuracy, contrasting the predictions with the actual figures available and estimating an average root mean square error and (3) it compares models and methods in terms of their strengths and limitations, and their implications in forecasting accuracy. In doing that, it also contributes discussing the literature published between 2019 and 2021. The analysis shows that EV demand estimation requires solving the non-trivial issue of jointly modelling the factors that induce diffusion in a social network and the instrumental and psychological elements that might favour household adoption considering the available alternatives. Mixed models that integrate disaggregate micro-simulation tools to capture social interaction and discrete choice models for individual behaviour appear as an interesting approach, but like almost all methods analysed failed to deliver satisfactory results or accurate predictions even when using sophisticated modelling techniques. Further improvement in various components is still needed, in particular in the input data, which regardless of the method used, is key to the accuracy of any forecasting exercise. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 1118-1143 Issue: 6 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2195687 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2195687 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:6:p:1118-1143 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2189325_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Allan Ribeiro Pimenta Author-X-Name-First: Allan Author-X-Name-Last: Ribeiro Pimenta Author-Name: Md. Kamruzzaman Author-X-Name-First: Md. Author-X-Name-Last: Kamruzzaman Author-Name: Graham Currie Author-X-Name-First: Graham Author-X-Name-Last: Currie Title: Long-term effects of autonomous vehicles on the built environment: a systematic scoping review towards conceptual frameworks Abstract: The advent of autonomous vehicles (AV) is expected to significantly impact the built environment in the long-term. However, the mechanism through which these effects would occur is not known. This study aims to develop conceptual frameworks in the form of causal loop diagrams to enhance understanding through a systematic scoping review of the literature. The review process followed the PRISMA framework and 82 eligible studies were sourced from the Scopus and Web of Science databases. Data were extracted for six attributes of the built environment (parking, density, land use diversity, destination accessibility, urban sprawl and street design). Both qualitative/speculative and quantitative findings are presented stratified by AV types (i.e. shared-autonomous vehicle and private autonomous vehicles), and geographical contexts (i.e. citywide, suburbs and central business district). The findings show that the long-term effects of AVs on the built environment would not be uniformly distributed across the city and vary by AV types. Built environment effects would occur through changes in accessibility, the redistributive demand for parking spaces and other mechanisms. The study provides a knowledge repository and identifies gaps in knowledge for researchers and practitioners interested in the long-term effects of AVs on the built environment. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 1083-1117 Issue: 6 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2189325 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2189325 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:6:p:1083-1117 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2246733_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Bert van Wee Author-X-Name-First: Bert van Author-X-Name-Last: Wee Title: Is it really a stupid idea? The counterfactual check Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 1055-1057 Issue: 6 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2246733 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2246733 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:6:p:1055-1057 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2217519_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Julia B. Gutiérrez-Lopez Author-X-Name-First: Julia B. Author-X-Name-Last: Gutiérrez-Lopez Author-Name: Dominik Möst Author-X-Name-First: Dominik Author-X-Name-Last: Möst Title: Characterising the flexibility of electric vehicle charging strategies: a systematic review and assessment Abstract: The increasing uptake of electric vehicles (EVs) has raised concerns about the impact a large fleet could have on electricity markets and distribution grids alike. Charging strategies have emerged as a means to provide flexibility, especially to electricity distribution grids, by controlling the EV charging process. This paper presents a typification of charging strategies and introduces a conceptual framework for appraising their flexibility in distribution grids. This is underpinned by data collected through an aggregative systematic literature review. The framework is derived from an exploratory qualitative content analysis of the sampled data and encompasses four flexibility dimensions: time, duration, quantity, and location of charging. Structural elements of a charging strategy are also explored, complementing the framework. Finally, the paper also presents a quantitative data analysis assessing the level of flexibility provided by each charging strategy. Results show that flexibility dimensions are not equally exploited, direct control strategies do not strictly outperform other control alternatives and innovative charging structures are yet to thrive for flexibility supply to increase. These findings contribute to better-informed, evidence-based policy interventions. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 1237-1262 Issue: 6 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2217519 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2217519 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:6:p:1237-1262 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2219838_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Emma G. P. Sexton Author-X-Name-First: Emma G. P. Author-X-Name-Last: Sexton Author-Name: Katherine J. Harmon Author-X-Name-First: Katherine J. Author-X-Name-Last: Harmon Author-Name: Rebecca L. Sanders Author-X-Name-First: Rebecca L. Author-X-Name-Last: Sanders Author-Name: Nitesh R. Shah Author-X-Name-First: Nitesh R. Author-X-Name-Last: Shah Author-Name: Meg Bryson Author-X-Name-First: Meg Author-X-Name-Last: Bryson Author-Name: Charles T. Brown Author-X-Name-First: Charles T. Author-X-Name-Last: Brown Author-Name: Christopher R. Cherry Author-X-Name-First: Christopher R. Author-X-Name-Last: Cherry Title: Shared e-scooter rider safety behaviour and injury outcomes: a review of studies in the United States Abstract: Electric scooters (e-scooters) have proliferated throughout North American cities in the past five years, with about 60 million shared e-scooter trips taken in 2021. That growth has resulted in safety and injury prevention challenges, and much of the regulatory approach has been to limit e-scooter use through technological or behavioural interventions. The past few years have yielded a patchwork of regulations based on a diversity of published safety and injury studies, including work on injury burden (e.g. hospitalisation studies), direct observation, rider surveys, or traffic crash (e.g. police-reported crash) analysis. This review draws from disparate studies to develop systematic policy conclusions related primarily to rider safety behaviour and associated injury outcomes, particularly severe injuries. This work focuses on perceived safety, demographics of scooter riders, injury trends of riders, temporal and spatial correlates of shared e-scooter rider injuries and contributing factors like roadway design, impairment, and helmets. While this review focuses on studies that occurred in the United States, some findings transfer elsewhere. The sum of the literature points to the importance of enhanced and maintained infrastructure to improve rider behaviour, predictability, and perceived safety, and increases in driver and e-scooter user education and enforcement to reduce violations and impairment. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 1263-1285 Issue: 6 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2219838 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2219838 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:6:p:1263-1285 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2189324_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Fuad Yasin Huda Author-X-Name-First: Fuad Yasin Author-X-Name-Last: Huda Author-Name: Graham Currie Author-X-Name-First: Graham Author-X-Name-Last: Currie Author-Name: Md. Kamruzzaman Author-X-Name-First: Md. Author-X-Name-Last: Kamruzzaman Title: Understanding the value of autonomous vehicles – an empirical meta-synthesis Abstract: Value of Time (VOT) is a key element in transport infrastructure planning decisions. It is widely believed that travellers using autonomous vehicles (AVs) will have a lower VOT than conventional vehicles (CVs) because of improved road safety, increased road capacity, engagement in productive activity during travel and increased mobility. A number of researchers have measured VOT effects of AVs though no consolidation of this evidence has been undertaken to date. This is the first study to provide a quantitative summary and synthesis of the estimated VOT of AV travel including a synthesis of factors affecting AV VOT. Meta-analyses of 24 studies show that mean VOTs for conventional cars, private AVs and shared AVs are respectively 17.3, 12.1 and 19.4 AU$/hr. However, wide variations in these estimates are evident and 12 factors have been identified with statistically significant effects on these variations including geographical context, study experimental characteristics, trip characteristics and socio-economic factors. We found that AV VOT estimates are lower when animated videos are used to demonstrate AV capabilities. Private AVs have the lowest VOT estimates as do commute trips and morning peak periods. Young adults (18–30 years) and people with current driving experience consistently report lower AV VOT while those with higher educational status and higher-incomes report having higher AV VOT. Implications of findings for policy and future research are presented. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 1058-1082 Issue: 6 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2189324 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2189324 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:6:p:1058-1082 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2208290_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Hongyun Si Author-X-Name-First: Hongyun Author-X-Name-Last: Si Author-Name: Jiangang Shi Author-X-Name-First: Jiangang Author-X-Name-Last: Shi Author-Name: Wenwen Hua Author-X-Name-First: Wenwen Author-X-Name-Last: Hua Author-Name: Long Cheng Author-X-Name-First: Long Author-X-Name-Last: Cheng Author-Name: Jonas De Vos Author-X-Name-First: Jonas Author-X-Name-Last: De Vos Author-Name: Wenxiang Li Author-X-Name-First: Wenxiang Author-X-Name-Last: Li Title: What influences people to choose ridesharing? An overview of the literature Abstract: Ridesharing is a shared mobility service in which passengers and drivers with similar origins and destinations are matched to travel in the same vehicle. This service utilises unused seats in vehicles and multi-passenger rides to reduce the cost of travel. To promote ridesharing, both service providers and policymakers should carefully analyse passenger adoption behaviour to support future decision-making and planning. In this paper, 80 studies on passenger ridesharing behaviour published since 2004 are reviewed. The motivating factors and barriers are analysed and classified in terms of demographic factors, psychological factors, and situational factors, and boundary conditions are included. The work provides a corresponding research framework on ridesharing behaviour. Finally, the current literature gaps are summarised and research recommendations are provided. This study provides a comprehensive and systematic research basis for ridesharing studies, and presents important theoretical and practical contributions to guide sustainable ridesharing behaviour. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 1211-1236 Issue: 6 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2208290 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2208290 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:6:p:1211-1236 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2200983_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ankita Sil Author-X-Name-First: Ankita Author-X-Name-Last: Sil Author-Name: Subeh Chowdhury Author-X-Name-First: Subeh Author-X-Name-Last: Chowdhury Author-Name: Roselle Thoreau Author-X-Name-First: Roselle Author-X-Name-Last: Thoreau Title: Moving towards an inclusive public transport system for women in the South and Southeast Asian region Abstract: Women in South and Southeast Asia encounter unique mobility barriers which are a combination of poor services by public transport modes and underlying patriarchal societal norms. Although international organisations provide guidelines for national policy makers to develop inclusive public transport systems, women’s mobility remains restricted and unsafe. This paper provides a critical review on women’s mobility barriers from built-environment to policy for public transport ridership. It includes three main aspects. Firstly, the key barriers encountered by women from poor service quality, sexual harassment and patriarchal societal norms. Secondly, the limitations in common methods adopted to measure these barriers. Finally, the effectiveness of international guidelines and national policies on women’s travel needs for public transport ridership. Findings revealed that women’s mobility barriers in South and Southeast Asian countries originate from the lack of adequate inclusive policies and protection laws from authorities. The underlying patriarchal societal norms form a toxic base, which allow for severe forms of sexual harassment to take place when riding public transport and for women to experience victim-blaming, if the incidents are reported. The paper concludes with knowledge gaps to assist practitioners and researchers to move toward safer journeys and development of inclusive public transport systems for women in developing countries. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 1144-1164 Issue: 6 Volume: 43 Year: 2023 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2200983 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2200983 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:43:y:2023:i:6:p:1144-1164 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2220917_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231209T012025 git hash: e41d04c31c Author-Name: Rachel Burbidge Author-X-Name-First: Rachel Author-X-Name-Last: Burbidge Author-Name: Christopher Paling Author-X-Name-First: Christopher Author-X-Name-Last: Paling Author-Name: Rachel M. Dunk Author-X-Name-First: Rachel M. Author-X-Name-Last: Dunk Title: A systematic review of adaption to climate change impacts in the aviation sector Abstract: The incremental changes and greater extremes of a changing climate will have operational, infrastructure and economic impacts for aviation. Given the criticality of aviation for global connectivity and mobility, it is vital that the sector understands and adequately adapts to these risks. This article presents a systematic review of the growing but somewhat dispersed academic literature on climate change impacts and adaptation in the aviation sector. Information was synthesised from 131 studies (published between January 2000 and November 2022) on eleven climate change effects and the associated impacts and potential adaptation measures. Six areas for action to address knowledge, awareness and implementation gaps were identified: (i) to broaden geographical coverage, particularly to address the current lack of studies addressing climate risks and responses in Central and South America, Africa and the Middle East; (ii) to extend knowledge of physical impacts; (iii) to address known-unknowns such as the risks associated with unprecedented or compound extreme events; (iv) to extend knowledge of adaptation including cost–benefit analysis and consideration of integrated mitigation and adaptation; (v) to identify and apply other relevant research; and (vi) for sector bodies to support and facilitate collaboration between researchers and practitioners to co-develop accessible user-oriented climate adaptation services. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 8-33 Issue: 1 Volume: 44 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2220917 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2220917 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:44:y:2024:i:1:p:8-33 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2251688_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231209T012025 git hash: e41d04c31c Author-Name: Oded Cats Author-X-Name-First: Oded Author-X-Name-Last: Cats Title: Identifying human mobility patterns using smart card data Abstract: Human mobility is subject to collective dynamics that are the outcome of numerous individual choices. Smart card data which originated as a means of facilitating automated fare collection has emerged as an invaluable source for analysing mobility patterns. A variety of clustering and segmentation techniques has been adopted and adapted for applications ranging from market segmentation to the analysis of urban activity locations. In this paper we provide a systematic review of the state-of-the-art on clustering public transport users based on their temporal or spatial-temporal characteristics as well as studies that use the latter to characterise individual stations, lines or urban areas. Furthermore, a critical review of the literature reveals an important distinction between studies focusing on the intra-personal variability of travel patterns versus those concerned with the inter-personal variability of travel patterns. We synthesise the key analysis approaches as well as substantive findings and subsequently identify common trends and shortcomings and outline related directions for further research. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 213-243 Issue: 1 Volume: 44 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2251688 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2251688 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:44:y:2024:i:1:p:213-243 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2240958_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231209T012025 git hash: e41d04c31c Author-Name: Elias Willberg Author-X-Name-First: Elias Author-X-Name-Last: Willberg Author-Name: Henrikki Tenkanen Author-X-Name-First: Henrikki Author-X-Name-Last: Tenkanen Author-Name: Harvey J. Miller Author-X-Name-First: Harvey J. Author-X-Name-Last: Miller Author-Name: Rafael H. M. Pereira Author-X-Name-First: Rafael H. M. Author-X-Name-Last: Pereira Author-Name: Tuuli Toivonen Author-X-Name-First: Tuuli Author-X-Name-Last: Toivonen Title: Measuring just accessibility within planetary boundaries Abstract: Our societies struggle to provide a good life for all without overconsuming environmental resources. Consequently, scholarly search for approaches to meet environmental and social goals of sustainability have become popular. In transport research, accessibility is a key tool to characterise linkages between people, transport, and land use. In the current paper, we propose a conceptual framework for measuring just accessibility within planetary boundaries. We reviewed transport studies and discovered a substantial literature body on accessibility and social disadvantage, much vaster compared to the literature around environmental and ecological impacts of accessibility. We also show a gap in approaches that have integrated these two perspectives. Building on the review, we suggest a conceptual framework for incorporating environmental and social sustainability goals in accessibility research. We conclude the paper by pointing to key challenges and research avenues related to the framework, including (i) dealing with uncertainty and complexity in socio-ecological thresholds, (ii) integrating environmental limits into the conceptualisations of transport equity, (iii) measuring accessibility through other costs than travel time, and (iv) integrating both quantitative and qualitative data. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 140-166 Issue: 1 Volume: 44 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2240958 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2240958 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:44:y:2024:i:1:p:140-166 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2264097_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231209T012025 git hash: e41d04c31c Author-Name: Dimitris Milakis Author-X-Name-First: Dimitris Author-X-Name-Last: Milakis Title: Beyond rockets: transport planning for permanent space settlements Abstract: This editorial initiates a dialogue on transport planning within permanent space settlements. It introduces a conceptual model outlining key elements and contextual factors integral to the development and operation of transport systems in space communities. The unique constraints of space environments (e.g. cosmic radiation, gravity, atmosphere, temperature, dust and soil) require systems prioritising efficiency, safety, resilience, accessibility, and well-being beyond Earth’s requirements. Collective and active modes along vertical and horizontal axes within compact settlements may be optimal due to resource constraints. Innovative energy storage and sharing systems, enhanced materials, and new maintenance protocols will likely be required for modular, adaptable pressurised tunnel or tube-based transport systems. To ensure safety and operational integrity, a rigorously managed traffic environment is anticipated, requiring a balance between demand, capacities, and service frequencies. Comfortable and joyful travel environments would be needed to alleviate stressors associated with tunnel-based travel. Governance and policies would be expected to prioritise aspects such as well-being and social equity in response to harsh space conditions and resource constraints. Future research could involve system-level, interdisciplinary and participatory futures and simulation methods to address the complexity and uncertainties inherent to transport planning in space settlements. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 1-7 Issue: 1 Volume: 44 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2264097 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2264097 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:44:y:2024:i:1:p:1-7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2247165_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231209T012025 git hash: e41d04c31c Author-Name: Travis Fried Author-X-Name-First: Travis Author-X-Name-Last: Fried Author-Name: Anne Goodchild Author-X-Name-First: Anne Author-X-Name-Last: Goodchild Author-Name: Michael Browne Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Browne Author-Name: Ivan Sanchez-Diaz Author-X-Name-First: Ivan Author-X-Name-Last: Sanchez-Diaz Title: Seeking equity and justice in urban freight: where to look? Abstract: Urban freight systems embed and reflect spatial inequities in cities and imbalanced power structures within transport decision-making. These concerns are principal domains of “transportation justice” (TJ) and “mobility justice” (MJ) scholarship that have emerged in the past decade. However, little research exists situating urban freight within these prevailing frameworks, which leaves urban freight research on socio-environmental equity and justice ill-defined, especially compared to passenger or personal mobility discussions. Through the lens that derives from TJ and MJ’s critical dialogue, this study synthesises urban freight literature’s engagement with equity and justice. Namely, the review evaluates: How do researchers identify equitable distributions of urban freight’s costs and benefits? At what scale do researchers evaluate urban freight inequities? And who does research consider entitled to urban freight equity and how are they involved in urban freight governance? The findings help inform researchers who seek to reimagine urban freight management strategies within broader equity and justice discourse. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 191-212 Issue: 1 Volume: 44 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2247165 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2247165 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:44:y:2024:i:1:p:191-212 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2239499_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231209T012025 git hash: e41d04c31c Author-Name: Karst Geurs Author-X-Name-First: Karst Author-X-Name-Last: Geurs Author-Name: Anna Grigolon Author-X-Name-First: Anna Author-X-Name-Last: Grigolon Author-Name: Karla Münzel Author-X-Name-First: Karla Author-X-Name-Last: Münzel Author-Name: Konstantinos Gkiotsalitis Author-X-Name-First: Konstantinos Author-X-Name-Last: Gkiotsalitis Author-Name: David Duran-Rodas Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Duran-Rodas Author-Name: Benjamin Büttner Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin Author-X-Name-Last: Büttner Author-Name: Christoph Kirchberger Author-X-Name-First: Christoph Author-X-Name-Last: Kirchberger Author-Name: Jesse Pappers Author-X-Name-First: Jesse Author-X-Name-Last: Pappers Author-Name: Lluis Martinez Ramirez Author-X-Name-First: Lluis Author-X-Name-Last: Martinez Ramirez Author-Name: Antonia Graf Author-X-Name-First: Antonia Author-X-Name-Last: Graf Author-Name: Julia Hansel Author-X-Name-First: Julia Author-X-Name-Last: Hansel Author-Name: Roxani Gkrava Author-X-Name-First: Roxani Author-X-Name-Last: Gkrava Author-Name: Roman Klementschitz Author-X-Name-First: Roman Author-X-Name-Last: Klementschitz Title: The Smarthubs integration ladder: a conceptual model for the categorisation of shared mobility hubs Abstract: A variety of shared mobility hubs, offering shared mobility and other services, have emerged in many cities across the globe. This paper provides a literature review on of the definition and categorisation of shared mobility hubs, guidance for the design of these hubs, and develops a multidimensional typology for shared mobility hubs. The typology, named the SmartHubs Integration Ladder, is based on three integration dimensions: physical, digital, and democratic. The literature review shows that digital and democratic (participation) integration dimensions, and universal design principles are typically missing in shared mobility hub concepts, definitions and planning practice. This implies that existing shared mobility hubs will not reach their full potential in terms of user and societal value. The “smarter” shared mobility hubs are physically, digitally, and democratically, the more user and societal value can potentially be created. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 112-139 Issue: 1 Volume: 44 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2239499 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2239499 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:44:y:2024:i:1:p:112-139 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2229521_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231209T012025 git hash: e41d04c31c Author-Name: Adham Badran Author-X-Name-First: Adham Author-X-Name-Last: Badran Author-Name: Ahmed El-Geneidy Author-X-Name-First: Ahmed Author-X-Name-Last: El-Geneidy Author-Name: Luis Miranda-Moreno Author-X-Name-First: Luis Author-X-Name-Last: Miranda-Moreno Title: A review of techniques to extract road network features from global positioning system data for transport modelling Abstract: With the spread of smartphones and mobile internet, Global Positioning System (GPS) data from vehicles has become widely available. This data represents a unique opportunity to automatically extract road network features and generate detailed maps that can be used in the creation of transport network models, while minimising the quantity of resources usually invested in that task. Accurate transport network models can be used in a variety of applications either in transport simulation models or autonomous vehicles navigation. Although two relevant literature reviews were performed during the last decade, they were not systematic and did not explore the road network inference methods from a transport network modelling point of view. The objective of this research is to perform a systematic and reproducible literature review on the use GPS data in transport network modelling and provide limitations and future work to extract a road network representation for transport models and autonomous vehicles navigation. This was done by systematically examining the studies’ different approaches with respect to relevant criteria. Most studies produced a simple representation of the road network, not detailed enough for transport models. Other limitations were the bias introduced by the GPS sample and the reproducibility of the different methods. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 69-84 Issue: 1 Volume: 44 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2229521 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2229521 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:44:y:2024:i:1:p:69-84 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2222911_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231209T012025 git hash: e41d04c31c Author-Name: Ioannis Kosmidis Author-X-Name-First: Ioannis Author-X-Name-Last: Kosmidis Author-Name: Daniela Müller-Eie Author-X-Name-First: Daniela Author-X-Name-Last: Müller-Eie Title: The synergy of bicycles and public transport: a systematic literature review Abstract: This study is a review of the existing literature on the topic of bike-transit combination. The aim is two-fold: (i) to identify factors that influence its successful uptake, and (ii) to discuss the potential of the bike-transit combination and its impact on urban transport systems. The review showed that the bike-transit integration is complex and can be influenced by a variety of factors. These factors are mainly related to the quality of public transport, the cycling network and the integration of these two. Improving them can have a positive impact on bike-transit uptake. Land use and built environment characteristics also play an important role, suggesting that the local context plays a significant role on its successful uptake. In general, the review reveals that bike-transit has shown potential in improving the performance of existing public transport systems, by expanding catchment areas and improving accessibility, but its impacts on car use have not been explicitly studied. The review concludes that the bike-transit combination shows a promising path to sustainable urban mobility and is a topic worth further investigation. However, it also calls for more integrated research approaches and an explicit focus on which types of travel behaviour are substituted by the bike-transit combination. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 34-68 Issue: 1 Volume: 44 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2222911 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2222911 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:44:y:2024:i:1:p:34-68 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2229031_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231209T012025 git hash: e41d04c31c Author-Name: Alexandra Tessier Author-X-Name-First: Alexandra Author-X-Name-Last: Tessier Author-Name: Marc-André Clément Author-X-Name-First: Marc-André Author-X-Name-Last: Clément Author-Name: Isabelle Gélinas Author-X-Name-First: Isabelle Author-X-Name-Last: Gélinas Author-Name: Normand Boucher Author-X-Name-First: Normand Author-X-Name-Last: Boucher Author-Name: Claire Croteau Author-X-Name-First: Claire Author-X-Name-Last: Croteau Author-Name: Diane Morin Author-X-Name-First: Diane Author-X-Name-Last: Morin Author-Name: Marie Turcotte Author-X-Name-First: Marie Author-X-Name-Last: Turcotte Author-Name: Philippe S. Archambault Author-X-Name-First: Philippe S. Author-X-Name-Last: Archambault Title: The impact of transportation on the employment of people with disabilities: a scoping review Abstract: Although many barriers remain to the employment of people with disabilities, public transportation can play a key role for integration and retention of people with disabilities in employment. However, research is needed to better understand how public transportation influences access to work for people with disabilities. This study aims to identify public transportation-related barriers and facilitators to the employment of people living with disabilities. A scoping review approach was adopted, with a keyword search through six databases. Studies’ characteristics, transportation barriers, and facilitators to employment of people with disabilities were extracted from the selected articles. The results were presented descriptively and narratively. In total, 74 studies were included. Barriers and facilitators were grouped under four themes: (1) public transportation, (2) employment, (3) personal factors, and (4) social network. This review highlights the key role of public transportation in accessing and maintaining employment for people with disabilities. It also reveals gaps in the literature and a need to investigate the issue through the lens of employers, public transportation services, and social environmental facilitators. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 85-111 Issue: 1 Volume: 44 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2229031 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2229031 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:44:y:2024:i:1:p:85-111 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2239497_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231209T012025 git hash: e41d04c31c Author-Name: Richard Hartl Author-X-Name-First: Richard Author-X-Name-Last: Hartl Author-Name: Philip Harms Author-X-Name-First: Philip Author-X-Name-Last: Harms Author-Name: Markus Egermann Author-X-Name-First: Markus Author-X-Name-Last: Egermann Title: Towards transformation-oriented planning: what can sustainable urban mobility planning (SUMP) learn from transition management (TM)? Abstract: The European Commission’s concept of Sustainable Urban Mobility Planning (SUMP) aims to prepare transport planners for the challenge of fundamental transformations to achieve climate-neutral and sustainable cities. While the concept has been widely adopted by European cities over the last decade, it can be asked whether SUMP is able to trigger the required transformative change in mobility systems. This paper critically reflects on the SUMP concept by systematically comparing it with the theoretical governance framework of Transition Management (TM), which is explicitly designed to foster transformative change. Based on a literature review, we examine similarities and differences between these approaches regarding the planning dimensions of context, content and process. Drawing on this comparison, the paper demonstrates how SUMP could learn from TM in practice and research in four main ways: (i) utilising transition theory to better address transition features; (ii) using collaborative formats from TM while taking account of legitimacy concerns; (iii) incorporating backcasting approaches; and (iv) explicitly integrating experiments into the process cycle. The paper exemplifies how insights from transition research can stimulate the further development of procedures, methods and tools towards transformation-oriented planning. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 167-190 Issue: 1 Volume: 44 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2239497 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2239497 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:44:y:2024:i:1:p:167-190 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2205178_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Ralph Buehler Author-X-Name-First: Ralph Author-X-Name-Last: Buehler Author-Name: John Pucher Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Pucher Title: COVID-19 and cycling: a review of the literature on changes in cycling levels and government policies from 2019 to 2022 Abstract: This paper reviews 100 peer-reviewed articles and 12 non-refereed papers on COVID-19 and cycling published from March 2020 to January 2023. Overall, the studies suggest more increases than decreases in cycling, with some cities reporting large increases. However, there has been much variation among countries, cities, and specific corridors within cities as well as variation by gender, age, ethnicity, income group, trip purpose, and time period of the pandemic. The largest increases in cycling in 2020 were for recreation, exercise, and stress relief on weekends and weekday afternoons. By comparison, cycling to work, university, schools, and shopping generally declined. Most studies reported expansions or improvements in bikeway networks, often specifically related to COVID or accelerated due to COVID, and with a particular emphasis on low-stress facilities such as protected bike lanes, slow streets, car-free streets, and traffic calmed neighbourhood streets. Most of the studies examining the social equity impacts of COVID-related cycling policies found them to be broadly equitable across income, ethnic, age, and gender dimensions. Many studies recommended further expansion of low-stress, safer facilities in order to attract a broader cross-section of the population to cycling. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 299-344 Issue: 2 Volume: 44 Year: 2024 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2205178 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2205178 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:44:y:2024:i:2:p:299-344 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2295368_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Lindsay Oluyede Author-X-Name-First: Lindsay Author-X-Name-Last: Oluyede Author-Name: Tabitha S. Combs Author-X-Name-First: Tabitha S. Author-X-Name-Last: Combs Author-Name: Carlos Felipe Pardo Author-X-Name-First: Carlos Felipe Author-X-Name-Last: Pardo Title: The why and how of COVID streets: a city-level review of research into motivations and approaches during a crisis Abstract: At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, more than 1500 cities around the world created or expanded public spaces for walking, bicycling, recreation and outdoor commerce to accommodate requirements for physical distancing. These interventions often involved the reallocation of street space dedicated to cars to facilitate active mobility. While research on efforts to adapt street space during the pandemic is burgeoning, there has yet to be an in-depth analysis of the motivations behind these responses. Our international qualitative study conducted a thematic review of existing research on active mobility responses to understand them better. Specifically, our review considered why responses were chosen (four motivations: risk reduction, impact mitigation, demand accommodation and opportunity) and how they were implemented (four typologies: opportunism, crisis reaction, business-as-usual was also a crisis and agility). Opportunism was most common both as motivation and typology of approach. However, elements of the other motivations and approach typologies were critical for developing and implementing responses that more directly addressed community needs and concerns during the crisis. Our findings help inform the work of transportation professionals to make cities more resilient by building their capacity to respond quickly and equitably to future disruptions and ongoing crises. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 345-367 Issue: 2 Volume: 44 Year: 2024 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2295368 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2295368 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:44:y:2024:i:2:p:345-367 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2266859_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Joris Beckers Author-X-Name-First: Joris Author-X-Name-Last: Beckers Author-Name: Jeroen Cant Author-X-Name-First: Jeroen Author-X-Name-Last: Cant Title: Half a decade in two years: household freight after COVID-19 Abstract: E-commerce growth as experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic was only expected to occur by 2025–2030. Online shopping increased in intensity and diversity. At the same time, retailers diversified their operations and opened online channels, also in sectors that previously showed reluctance to make this shift. These evolutions resulted in an expansion of household freight in terms of volume, geography, and organisation. Hence, half a decade of innovation in the e-commerce sector was needed in the span of two years. This manuscript summarises the repercussions for household freight since the pandemic's start. Given that interactions between consumers, retailers, and logistics service providers drive the e-commerce system, this manuscript combines these different literatures into a holistic framework, going beyond traditional siloed research on last-mile logistics, retail strategies, or online shopping behaviour. We found that logistics has come to the forefront: logistics service providers now need to provide tailored services and come in direct contact with consumers. As a result, we need (i) to gain insights into the new geography and dynamics of household’s freight origins and destinations; (ii) use this to re-examine existing relationships between consumer, retailer, and logistics service provider, and; (iii) assess the impact of more demanding consumers on the sustainability of the overall system. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 544-565 Issue: 2 Volume: 44 Year: 2024 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2266859 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2266859 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:44:y:2024:i:2:p:544-565 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2225211_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Federico Cavallaro Author-X-Name-First: Federico Author-X-Name-Last: Cavallaro Author-Name: Silvio Nocera Author-X-Name-First: Silvio Author-X-Name-Last: Nocera Title: COVID-19 effects on transport-related air pollutants: insights, evaluations, and policy perspectives Abstract: This study analyses the relationship between Covid-19 and air pollutants resulting from transportation activities by addressing two research questions. First, it examines the quantitative impacts of Covid-19 on emissions/concentrations. In this case, the results are dependent on the temporal horizon and political measures introduced to control the virus. Greenhouse gases (GHGs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) exhibit a strong correlation with reduced road traffic, while the influence of transportation on other criteria pollutants (CO, SO2, and PMx) is not univocally demonstrated. Second, the study analyses specific modes (e.g. air transport), systems (e.g. public transport), and sectors (e.g. freight transport). The generalised decrease in emissions is a consequence of reduced travel demand; however, this is not true for specific sectors, such as last-mile freight delivery or private flights, which show an increase in emissions. Moreover, unitary values register an increase in most cases, indicating a reduction in environmental effectiveness due to a modal shift towards private solutions and a reduction in the public transport occupancy rates. In the post-pandemic world, a significant issue arises when travel demand increases but the modal share is less responsive to returning to previous levels. Several research lines stem from these outcomes, ranging from technical issues (e.g. modelling safety perception in modal choice) to the evaluation of specific measures (e.g. curbing private mobility and adopting fuel regulations). Another promising area of research involves exploring the combination of Covid-19 with other transport-related drivers, such as automation and alternative fuels. Additionally, investigating the coherence between the effects of Covid-19 and long-term decarbonisation policies is an important research direction. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 484-517 Issue: 2 Volume: 44 Year: 2024 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2225211 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2225211 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:44:y:2024:i:2:p:484-517 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2306711_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Ahmed El-Geneidy Author-X-Name-First: Ahmed Author-X-Name-Last: El-Geneidy Author-Name: Jonas De Vos Author-X-Name-First: Jonas Author-X-Name-Last: De Vos Title: Transport and COVID-19: where are we now? Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 245-247 Issue: 2 Volume: 44 Year: 2024 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2024.2306711 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2024.2306711 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:44:y:2024:i:2:p:245-247 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2303746_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Allyson Rogers Author-X-Name-First: Allyson Author-X-Name-Last: Rogers Author-Name: Evangelia Pantelaki Author-X-Name-First: Evangelia Author-X-Name-Last: Pantelaki Author-Name: Rose Gilroy Author-X-Name-First: Rose Author-X-Name-Last: Gilroy Author-Name: Richard Weston Author-X-Name-First: Richard Author-X-Name-Last: Weston Author-Name: Ben Spencer Author-X-Name-First: Ben Author-X-Name-Last: Spencer Author-Name: Carol Holland Author-X-Name-First: Carol Author-X-Name-Last: Holland Author-Name: Melissa Yazdanpanahi Author-X-Name-First: Melissa Author-X-Name-Last: Yazdanpanahi Title: A systematic review of older adults’ travel behaviour and mobility during COVID-19 pandemic: lessons learned for sustainable transport provision and healthy aging Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant disruptions to the travel and mobility of various population groups worldwide. These impacts were more pronounced for older adults, who, in various countries around the world, were instructed to quarantine for prolonged periods and avoid contact with others. The impact of these disruptions has been differently experienced between countries and geographical regions with levels of economic development and transport infrastructures playing a role. The aim of this article is firstly, to critically synthesise scientific literature about changes in travel behaviour and transport choices of older adults caused by the responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in various countries, secondly, highlight the main gaps in the literature and finally, provide avenues for future research and transport policies. Findings indicate inequalities in access to transport explained by built environment design and policies adopted by governments to control the pandemic, as well as socio-economic and developmental factors. The implications of these findings for transport provision and increased mobility for older adults in the post-pandemic world are outlined. Finally, we discuss the importance of active aging policies, which could create more transportation options to support older adults’ mobility needs and access in the post-COVID-19 era in both high- and low-income countries. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 405-433 Issue: 2 Volume: 44 Year: 2024 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2024.2303746 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2024.2303746 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:44:y:2024:i:2:p:405-433 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2244165_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Yongling Li Author-X-Name-First: Yongling Author-X-Name-Last: Li Author-Name: Jiaoe Wang Author-X-Name-First: Jiaoe Author-X-Name-Last: Wang Title: The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on air passenger travel: a focus on empirical findings Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on the aviation sector. Correspondingly, Extensive research has explored various perspectives on the effects of the pandemic on the aviation sector. With the pandemic gradually coming to an end, it is important to conduct a detailed review of the literature and analyze past events carefully. This paper presents a systematic review of the literature on the impact of COVID-19 on air passenger travel at different stages. It identifies potential direct effects and indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also investigates the two stages of the pandemic-aviation relationship, providing insights into how the relationship has evolved over time. Additionally, the research summarises key findings on the effects of COVID-19 on air travel demand and supply. These findings encompass various aspects, including travel demand, airport operations, airline operations, and network operations. The paper concludes by suggesting that ongoing analysis of the pandemic’s effects can inform future policies and measures that can help the aviation industry recover and thrive. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 461-483 Issue: 2 Volume: 44 Year: 2024 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2244165 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2244165 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:44:y:2024:i:2:p:461-483 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2259100_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Alexa Delbosc Author-X-Name-First: Alexa Author-X-Name-Last: Delbosc Author-Name: Jennifer Kent Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer Author-X-Name-Last: Kent Title: Employee intentions and employer expectations: a mixed-methods systematic review of “post-COVID” intentions to work from home Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated cultural and organisational acceptance of remote working. For a portion of the commuting workforce, working from home (WFH) is now possible. Of great interest is whether increased WFH will diminish actual mobility, and thereby reduce the transport task of cities. To understand this possibility, we must know how much WFH will be sustained into the future. Using a bespoke approach combining scholarly and grey literature, this review develops a tangible record of employee desires and intentions to WFH, in the context of the expectations of employers. Its contribution is a novel and rigorous appraisal of recent practices and sentiments. Results confirm that there is a strong underlying demand to WFH. Many studies, however, estimate unrealistically high rates of WFH which cannot be projected onto the wider working population. Further, we find there is a conflict between employee preferences and their expectations to WFH, with estimations of preferences far greater than estimates of expectations. This finding is confirmed by the analysis of employer sentiments. Employers broadly realise that accommodating WFH reflects a best-practice approach, yet favour predictable routines where specific days of on-site attendance are mandated. We conclude with reflections on the impact of our findings on the transport system. We propose that the impact of WFH on commuter decision-making depends on the degree to which employers mandate on-site attendance. Finally, we emphasise the need to acknowledge the wider political, economic and social milieu in which work is performed as shaping future WFH practice. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 248-271 Issue: 2 Volume: 44 Year: 2024 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2259100 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2259100 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:44:y:2024:i:2:p:248-271 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2251684_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Ennis Marshall Author-X-Name-First: Ennis Author-X-Name-Last: Marshall Author-Name: Mohammadali Shirazi Author-X-Name-First: Mohammadali Author-X-Name-Last: Shirazi Author-Name: John N. Ivan Author-X-Name-First: John N. Author-X-Name-Last: Ivan Title: COVID-19 and transport safety Abstract: Transportation safety has substantially been impacted by the COVID-19 Pandemic. To contain the spread of the virus, governments around the world released guidelines (e.g. stay-at-home orders), which reduced or eliminated peoples’ daily commutes. These travel restrictions introduced new safety challenges for roadways and drivers, transit riders, and pedestrians and cyclists. Many cities, states, and countries around the world reported more severe crashes despite fewer drivers on the road. Transit ridership reduced as the risk of infection with COVID-19 kept transit users away, and walking and biking became more popular as they could be done individually in open air. This paper conducts a structured critical review to summarise and discuss studies around the world on roadway, transit, and pedestrian and bicycle safety since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. For roadway safety, we further review studies that examine the direct measures of safety (e.g. crash statistics and models) as well as indirect or surrogate measures (e.g. speeding, aggressive driving, and reduced seatbelt usage). Surrogate measures, although indirectly, can affect the risk of crashes and contribute to the increase in frequency and severity of crashes. Findings are documented and discussed. We then provide suggestions on potential avenues for future research. Particularly, research studies show that the rate of severe injury crashes, as well as aggressive driving (e.g. speeding) increased in most places during the travel restrictions, and continued even after these restrictions were lifted. The safety of pedestrians and bicycles has also become increasingly important due to the increase in the number of users of these modes. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 518-543 Issue: 2 Volume: 44 Year: 2024 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2251684 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2251684 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:44:y:2024:i:2:p:518-543 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2295967_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Maximiliano Lizana Author-X-Name-First: Maximiliano Author-X-Name-Last: Lizana Author-Name: Charisma Choudhury Author-X-Name-First: Charisma Author-X-Name-Last: Choudhury Author-Name: David Watling Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Watling Title: Analysing the impacts of individual-level factors on public transport usage during the COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive literature review and meta-analysis Abstract: Public transport (PT) usage was severely impacted during the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in up to a 90% reduction in many cities in 2020. Numerous studies have been conducted since then to determine the relationship between individual-level factors (such as gender, attitudes, etc.) and the decrease in PT usage during the pandemic. Despite the evidence provided, findings are dispersed, and for several factors contradictory, making it challenging to reach any generalised conclusion. Furthermore, a comprehensive comparison of the effect sizes among travellers’ factors affecting PT use during this period is yet to be compiled. This paper aims to address these gaps by systematically reviewing the existing evidence and synthesising the effect sizes of travellers’ factors through a meta-analysis. We first identified 36 studies that statistically assessed the contribution of 15 individual-level factors on PT usage during the COVID-19 pandemic. By merging the empirical evidence of those studies, the direction of the association between those factors and PT usage was analysed. Then, after selecting comparable studies, meta-analyses were conducted for each factor to estimate the corresponding pooled effect sizes. The meta-analysis established that car availability, teleworking opportunities and high educational level contributed the most to reducing PT use during the pandemic. These factors increased the odds of reducing PT usage compared with the pre-pandemic by about three times. Factors such as COVID-19 risk perception, gender, high income and health had a moderate effect on the decision to stop using PT. PT habits, travel distance and physical accessibility also influenced PT use during the pandemic. Geographical location and the pandemic period explained part of the heterogeneity found. The findings provided in this study can help policy-makers understand the impacts of travellers’ factors on the decision to reduce PT usage during future pandemics/epidemics and guide public policies accordingly. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 434-460 Issue: 2 Volume: 44 Year: 2024 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2295967 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2295967 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:44:y:2024:i:2:p:434-460 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2280190_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Zahra Zarabi Author-X-Name-First: Zahra Author-X-Name-Last: Zarabi Author-Name: E. Owen D. Waygood Author-X-Name-First: E. Owen D. Author-X-Name-Last: Waygood Author-Name: Tim Schwanen Author-X-Name-First: Tim Author-X-Name-Last: Schwanen Title: Understanding travel mode choice through the lens of COVID-19: a systematic review of pandemic commuters Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted travel behaviours for very large numbers of people including those who shifted to teleworking and those without the option to work from home. While there is much valuable transport research that has examined the former category, it is still unknown how certain people such as health sector employees and delivery drivers changed their physical commuting in transport contexts that were radically different from those existing normally in urban areas. Based on a systematic review of 36 scientific publications on commuting during pandemic, this study pursues a dual objective. First, by examining the interrelated institutional, physical, and socio-psychological processes that supported or hindered low-carbon transport the study revealed that (A) public transport (PT) reduced service levels and concerns related to COVID were positively associated with substantial shifts away from PT towards car and active travel; (B) this positive association was found to be even stronger in the existence of pre-pandemic habit of car use for commute and strong negative emotions like fear triggered by environmental changes and health risks. Second, by synthesising the key findings from the literature, this study provides significant implications for how mode choice is modelled through the Theory of Planned Behavior and Norm Activation Model. By questioning whether the pandemic commuters had a “normal” set of travel mode alternatives to choose from, the study draws attention to the nuances of mode “choice” versus mode “use” and moves beyond the assumption that commuting always results from individuals making choices. It also argues that the role of (negative) emotions along with the importance of proximity to, or separation from, other bodies on how people commute should be considered in future research. Finally, the crucial role of COVID-19 in changing travel-related norms and the resulting long-term implications for policy interventions require further investigation by future research. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 368-404 Issue: 2 Volume: 44 Year: 2024 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2280190 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2280190 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:44:y:2024:i:2:p:368-404 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2295377_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Shaila Jamal Author-X-Name-First: Shaila Author-X-Name-Last: Jamal Author-Name: Antonio Paez Author-X-Name-First: Antonio Author-X-Name-Last: Paez Title: Socio-economic and demographic differences in the impact of COVID-19 on personal travel in the Global South Abstract: This paper presents the results of a scoping review concerning the state of knowledge with respect to the impacts of COVID-19 on daily personal travel in the Global South. Based on the available literature in the Global South, the paper aims to: (1) provide an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the personal daily travel of different socio-economic and demographic groups during COVID-19; (2) synthesise the literature to explore the needs of the different socio-economic and demographic groups; and (3) identify groups who received less attention in transportation research in the Global South so far. The paper reviewed 47 studies and found that while investigating personal travel during COVID-19, the most explored socio-economic and demographic attributes were sex, age, income, occupation and educational qualifications. Some regional differences were evident in terms of mode choice during COVID-19. Through the review, it is also noticeable that none of the studies explored LGBTQ+ communities’ and individuals with disabilities’ transportation needs and challenges and how COVID-19 has impacted their personal travel. Other overlooked socio-economic and demographic groups in the Global South whose personal travel during COVID-19 and the post-pandemic period needs investigation are migrant and seasonal workers, children and youths, ethnic minorities, racial minorities, religious minorities, linguistically diverse individuals, indigenous individuals, and individuals residing in rural areas. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 272-298 Issue: 2 Volume: 44 Year: 2024 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2295377 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2295377 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:44:y:2024:i:2:p:272-298 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2278446_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Saeed Jaydarifard Author-X-Name-First: Saeed Author-X-Name-Last: Jaydarifard Author-Name: Krishna Behara Author-X-Name-First: Krishna Author-X-Name-Last: Behara Author-Name: Douglas Baker Author-X-Name-First: Douglas Author-X-Name-Last: Baker Author-Name: Alexander Paz Author-X-Name-First: Alexander Author-X-Name-Last: Paz Title: Driver fatigue in taxi, ride-hailing, and ridesharing services: a systematic review Abstract: Driver fatigue is a major cause of road crashes. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the potential consequences of driver fatigue in taxi (conventional and app-based), ride-hailing, and ridesharing services. Driver fatigue is likely to be significantly exacerbated in this population due to the multi-task characteristics of their jobs; thus, conducting a comprehensive study on driver fatigue in these transportation sectors is of utmost importance. This systematic review summarises the current state of knowledge about the causes and consequences of driver fatigue. We also suggested some potential control mechanisms for driver fatigue in taxi and ride-hailing services along a fatigue risk trajectory. We included studies published prior to September 2022 in three databases (Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed) using a predefined search strategy. Eligible studies were critically appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklists. A total of 18 studies met our eligibility criteria as scoped from the 414 initially identified studies. Eight contributing factors to driver fatigue were revealed including long working hours, short rest breaks, limited driving experience, job demand, poor sleep, algorithmic management, traffic congestion, and additional workload. Furthermore, our review identified risk factors for driver fatigue in taxi and ride-hailing services, including road safety, work pressure and driver’s health, optimism bias, job precariousness, and lack of additional benefits. Findings to date suggest that driver fatigue in taxi and ride-hailing industries is as serious as, or more serious than, in other transportation sectors. Understanding the working conditions of these drivers is critical to establish effective policies and practices for reducing crash-related driver fatigue. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 572-590 Issue: 3 Volume: 44 Year: 2024 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2278446 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2278446 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:44:y:2024:i:3:p:572-590 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2300088_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Yan Huang Author-X-Name-First: Yan Author-X-Name-Last: Huang Author-Name: Liang Ma Author-X-Name-First: Liang Author-X-Name-Last: Ma Author-Name: Jonas De Vos Author-X-Name-First: Jonas Author-X-Name-Last: De Vos Title: Travel behaviour and multimodality: a conceptual framework and critical review of research Abstract: Promoting alternative travel modes to private cars is a crucial aspect of sustainable transport policies. The integration of different transport modes and services, facilitated by mobile apps and payment systems, has expanded travel options and fostered multimodal travel behaviour. Despite the increasing prevalence of multimodal transport in practice, there exists a shortage of systematic academic research on this subject. This paper seeks to fill this gap by presenting an overview of key themes related to multimodality in travel behaviour, providing valuable insights for both researchers and practitioners. Leveraging an in-depth analysis of 182 relevant papers extracted from the Web of Science database, this paper intricately formulates a comprehensive conceptual framework that delves into the definition and measurement of multimodality. Furthermore, it synthesises recent perspectives and insights pertaining to the factors shaping multimodality and its socio-environmental impacts. The paper suggests several potential research directions in multimodality, including a focus on the supportive environment for multimodal behaviour (termed multimodal-oriented development, MMOD), an examination of the socio-environmental effects of multimodality and MMOD, and an investigation of regional variations in knowledge and practices related to multimodality. By exploring these research avenues, this paper aims to advance our understanding of multimodal travel behaviour and contribute to the development of effective strategies and policies promoting sustainable transportation systems. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 709-730 Issue: 3 Volume: 44 Year: 2024 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2300088 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2300088 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:44:y:2024:i:3:p:709-730 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2278445_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Jaime Soza-Parra Author-X-Name-First: Jaime Author-X-Name-Last: Soza-Parra Author-Name: Oded Cats Author-X-Name-First: Oded Author-X-Name-Last: Cats Title: The role of personal motives in determining car ownership and use: a literature review Abstract: Car dependency leads to a variety of societal problems and challenges, not least environmental ones. It is thus not only relevant but also critical to better understand the determinants of car ownership and use. Among those contributing factors, the role of subjective factors is often acknowledged to be important, yet not well understood. We conduct a systematic review of the literature regarding the effect of such motives on car ownership and usage. Based on the commonalities found in the reviewed articles, we identify and describe the five most relevant subjective factors in detail: (i) instrumental motives and autonomy, (ii) affective motives, (iii) symbolic motives, (iv) social norms, and (v) environmental motives. We synthesise these findings in a car ownership/use motives model, discuss implications for public policy and outline directions for future research. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 591-611 Issue: 3 Volume: 44 Year: 2024 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2278445 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2278445 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:44:y:2024:i:3:p:591-611 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2279219_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Johanna Takman Author-X-Name-First: Johanna Author-X-Name-Last: Takman Author-Name: Marta Gonzalez-Aregall Author-X-Name-First: Marta Author-X-Name-Last: Gonzalez-Aregall Title: Public policy instruments to promote freight modal shift in Europe: evidence from evaluations Abstract: A modal shift of freight from road to rail and waterborne transport can contribute to reduced negative externalities (mainly air pollution) from freight transport. The purpose of this paper is to identify modal shift public policy instruments in Europe and analyse their performance based on existing ex post evaluations. This analysis identifies 93 public policy instruments, in which 20 ex post evaluations were found. The evaluations mainly consider subsidies/grants at the national level or regulations and directives at the European Union (EU) level. The results suggest that evaluations of subsidies and grants at the national level most commonly describe a positive performance, while several evaluations at the EU level describe a poor or mixed performance. Well-defined targets and simpler application processes are mentioned in several ex post evaluations as suggestions for improving the performance of modal shift policy instruments in Europe. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 612-633 Issue: 3 Volume: 44 Year: 2024 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2279219 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2279219 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:44:y:2024:i:3:p:612-633 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2259104_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Ana María Arbeláez Vélez Author-X-Name-First: Ana María Author-X-Name-Last: Arbeláez Vélez Title: Environmental impacts of shared mobility: a systematic literature review of life-cycle assessments focusing on car sharing, carpooling, bikesharing, scooters and moped sharing Abstract: Evidence about the environmental impacts of shared mobility is fragmented and scattered. In this article a systematic literature review is presented. The review focuses on assessments that use Life-Cycle Assessment to quantify the environmental impacts of car sharing, carpooling, bikesharing, and scooter/moped sharing. The results of these assessments were analyzed, as well as the factors that influence these impacts. Business-to-consumer car sharing, peer-to-peer car sharing, carpooling, bikesharing, and scooter/moped sharing can all cause gains and losses in terms of changing the environmental impacts of passenger transportation. The findings presented here refute unconditional claims that shared mobility delivers environmental benefits. Factors that influence changes in environmental impacts from passenger transportation from shared mobility include travel behaviour, the design of shared mobility modes, and how such schemes are implemented, as well as the local context. Local governments and shared mobility organisations can benefit from the analysis presented here by deepening their understanding of these factors and considering the life-cycle phase where the greatest impacts are caused. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 634-658 Issue: 3 Volume: 44 Year: 2024 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2259104 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2259104 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:44:y:2024:i:3:p:634-658 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2282285_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Eleni Bardaka Author-X-Name-First: Eleni Author-X-Name-Last: Bardaka Title: Transit-induced gentrification and displacement: future directions in research and practice Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 567-571 Issue: 3 Volume: 44 Year: 2024 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2282285 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2282285 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:44:y:2024:i:3:p:567-571 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2294752_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Santiago Cardona-Urrea Author-X-Name-First: Santiago Author-X-Name-Last: Cardona-Urrea Author-Name: Jaime Soza-Parra Author-X-Name-First: Jaime Author-X-Name-Last: Soza-Parra Author-Name: Dick Ettema Author-X-Name-First: Dick Author-X-Name-Last: Ettema Title: Aerial cable cars as a transit mode: a review of technological advances, service area characteristics, and societal impacts in Latin America and the Caribbean Abstract: The success of the first Metrocable line in Medellín (2004) as a feeder for the Metro system served as a turning point in considering the use of aerial cable cars (ACC) as a mode of public transport in urban settlements. In the following years, 33 ACC transit lines were inaugurated in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), the majority after 2010. This review has several aims: (i) to understand the differences in aerial cableway transit (ACT) technologies; (ii) to describe the characteristics of the ACC service area for the most critical case studies in LAC and identify their role in the public transport system; and (iii) to find the essential societal benefits presented by ACC. We will follow two complementary approaches. First, the review concentrates on the most recent technological advances. Second, 24 reports were obtained from scientific databases, complemented by another 18 found using the “snowball” method. Our findings show that detachable gondolas, called aerial cable cars in the transport literature, are the most used technology as a transit mode. Furthermore, the ACC initially served as a feeder mode, serving low-income communities on hillside terrains. However, some cases are restructuring the public transport system and building a comprehensive network utilising the ACC. The empirical evidence shows that complementary projects are essential to impact less-frequent ACC users and people in the neighbourhood. Moreover, travel time and cost reductions increase accessibility and reduce inequalities, especially in the service area. Participatory budgeting may also prompt community engagement with the project, especially among low-income residents. Considering integration between transport modes (and within transit modes) in the project's early stages will also increase ridership and users’ accessibility. Future research should focus on the travel behaviour and societal impacts of ACC integrated into the structure of the public transport systems. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 684-708 Issue: 3 Volume: 44 Year: 2024 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2294752 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2294752 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:44:y:2024:i:3:p:684-708 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2283497_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Fabian Israel Author-X-Name-First: Fabian Author-X-Name-Last: Israel Author-Name: Dick Ettema Author-X-Name-First: Dick Author-X-Name-Last: Ettema Author-Name: Dea van Lierop Author-X-Name-First: Dea Author-X-Name-Last: van Lierop Title: Mechanisms with equity implications for the (non-) adoption of electric mobility in the early stage of the energy transition Abstract: The need to reduce transport-related GHG emissions has led many governments to stimulate a shift from the use of traditional combustion engine vehicles to the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). While private and shared electric mobility (EM) options may have positive environmental outcomes, equity concerns regarding the adoption transition to EM are receiving increasing attention. This paper examines a number of theoretical concepts that describe the underlying processes that lead to transportation inequalities and identifies empirical evidence on EM adoption mechanisms with justice implications that sustain inequalities and potentially prevent a desired social-inclusive transition to EM. The empirical findings from the literature reviewed revealed how factors such as unequal distribution of economic incentives, charging and access to EM, power configuration of the space, and differences in personal characteristics and capabilities all play a role in EM adoption. Accordingly, the acceleration of EM diffusion without a critical evaluation might lead to undesired societal outcomes regarding social exclusion and transportation burdens. The results make evident the necessity to set social inclusion as both a goal and as a process, as one of the main strategic targets, along with the urgency for decarbonisation, in the current early stage of the transition to EM. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 659-683 Issue: 3 Volume: 44 Year: 2024 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2283497 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2283497 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:44:y:2024:i:3:p:659-683 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2289382_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Ahmed El-Geneidy Author-X-Name-First: Ahmed Author-X-Name-Last: El-Geneidy Title: Shifting gears: Toward a new way of thinking about transportation Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 731-732 Issue: 3 Volume: 44 Year: 2024 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2289382 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2289382 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:44:y:2024:i:3:p:731-732 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2313969_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Mustafa Rezazada Author-X-Name-First: Mustafa Author-X-Name-Last: Rezazada Author-Name: Neema Nassir Author-X-Name-First: Neema Author-X-Name-Last: Nassir Author-Name: Egemen Tanin Author-X-Name-First: Egemen Author-X-Name-Last: Tanin Author-Name: Avishai (Avi) Ceder Author-X-Name-First: Avishai (Avi) Author-X-Name-Last: Ceder Title: Bus bunching: a comprehensive review from demand, supply, and decision-making perspectives Abstract: Public transport service reliability is crucial for all stakeholders, including users, operators, and society. Bus bunching, where two or more buses on the same route travel closely together, significantly undermines service reliability. This paper reviews bus bunching, its causes and consequences, and control strategies from demand, supply, and decision-making perspectives. It identifies gaps in the literature, emphasising the need for realistic evaluations of control methods and real-world applications. The paper reveals that most bunching solutions prioritise operators over public transport users, and the trade-offs posed by these methods require further examinations. Hybrid methods combining holding with other measures have outperformed standalone holding methods but need real-world testing. User-centric approaches, such as encouraging and incentivising passengers to choose less crowded vehicles or wait, have demonstrated some potential in alleviating service bunching. However, their effectiveness in real-world applications present important research directions. In summary, the practical classification and framework presented in this review can assist policymakers in making informed and optimised decisions by considering various variables and performance measures involved in the process, and in finding balanced solutions for passenger and operator. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 766-790 Issue: 4 Volume: 44 Year: 2024 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2024.2313969 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2024.2313969 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:44:y:2024:i:4:p:766-790 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2322434_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Angela Stefania Bergantino Author-X-Name-First: Angela Stefania Author-X-Name-Last: Bergantino Author-Name: Alessandro Gardelli Author-X-Name-First: Alessandro Author-X-Name-Last: Gardelli Author-Name: Lucia Rotaris Author-X-Name-First: Lucia Author-X-Name-Last: Rotaris Title: Assessing transport network resilience: empirical insights from real-world data studies Abstract: Determining the factors that positively and negatively affect the resilience of transport networks provides valuable information that leads to a deeper understanding of the preparedness and response of networks to external disruptions. Over the past few decades, several review papers have explored various interpretations of transport network resilience and its calculation metrics. Nevertheless, only a limited number of these papers have paid attention on the utilisation of empirical data in resilience studies. This paper, through a systematic literature review, contributes to filling this gap. To this end, from a pool of 127 relevant articles, a subset of 53 articles using real-world data was selected. The paper analyses and classifies empirical findings in transport network resilience studies. In particular, it highlights and thoroughly discusses spatial patterns of resilience and relevant influencing factors that positively or negatively affect the resilience attributes of a transport network. Although it is possible to place the empirical results within the theoretical framework proposed by the literature, two main issues on target reference levels arise from the graphical representation of transport network resilience as suggested by the theory. Based on these findings, research gaps are identified and future directions for transport researchers are proposed. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 834-857 Issue: 4 Volume: 44 Year: 2024 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2024.2322434 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2024.2322434 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:44:y:2024:i:4:p:834-857 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2322430_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Sihyun Yoo Author-X-Name-First: Sihyun Author-X-Name-Last: Yoo Author-Name: Bert van Wee Author-X-Name-First: Bert Author-X-Name-Last: van Wee Author-Name: Eric Molin Author-X-Name-First: Eric Author-X-Name-Last: Molin Title: Long distance accessibility by air transportation: a literature review Abstract: Air transportation is a mode of transport developed specifically to provide access to long-distance destinations that may otherwise be infeasible or at least more difficult to reach. Accordingly, there are distinct aspects of air travel that require consideration when assessing accessibility by air transportation, which are not addressed in general local accessibility studies. This paper reviews studies of accessibility by air transportation. The studies in question were published in academic journals, and we analysed them using the broad theoretical framework of accessibility of Geurs and van Wee [Accessibility evaluation of land-use and transport strategies: Review and research directions. Journal of Transport Geography, 12(2), 127–140]. We discuss the characteristics of accessibility by air transportation to consider when designing research, as well as trends and knowledge gaps in the existing literature. An important gap is that, while there is a growing interest towards perceived accessibility by air transportation, accessibility measures based on this perspective have not yet been applied yet. Additionally, the literature is largely focused on the transport and land-use components of accessibility as opposed to the individual and temporal components. We finish by discussing the benefits and drawbacks of directly applying conventional accessibility measures for research on accessibility by air transportation, as well as options to modify the temporal component of conventional person-based accessibility measures for better applicability in the air travel context. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 811-833 Issue: 4 Volume: 44 Year: 2024 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2024.2322430 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2024.2322430 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:44:y:2024:i:4:p:811-833 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2297454_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Huyen T. K. Le Author-X-Name-First: Huyen T. K. Author-X-Name-Last: Le Author-Name: Age Poom Author-X-Name-First: Age Author-X-Name-Last: Poom Title: Advancing environmental exposure and health impact assessment research with travel behaviour studies Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 733-742 Issue: 4 Volume: 44 Year: 2024 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2023.2297454 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2023.2297454 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:44:y:2024:i:4:p:733-742 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2337880_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Peter Schön Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Schön Author-Name: Eva Heinen Author-X-Name-First: Eva Author-X-Name-Last: Heinen Author-Name: Bendik Manum Author-X-Name-First: Bendik Author-X-Name-Last: Manum Title: A scoping review on cycling network connectivity and its effects on cycling Abstract: There is growing recognition of the importance of a well-connected cycling infrastructure. Common connectivity measures apply aggregate area-based metrics, such as the number of streets per transportation analysis zone or census area. However, such measures capture cyclist movement insufficiently, as cyclist movement easily extends beyond areas, and variations in the sizes and shapes of areas lead to inconsistent outcomes. In contrast to area-based connectivity, network connectivity considers the connectivity of the entire cycling network, capturing the continuity or discontinuity of routes. Certain measures can account for other important aspects, such as topology and the relative importance of individual links in large networks. Although previous reviews have covered several aspects of cycling infrastructure, no review has been dedicated to the measures, methods and models applied to assess network connectivity or the impact of increased network connectivity on cycling behaviour. We conduct a scoping review of measures, methods, models, and data sources to assess cycling network connectivity and review associations between network connectivity and travel behaviour. The findings suggest an increase in the number of publications on network connectivity up to 2019, followed by a plateau in the number of studies but with more complex methods. However, that complexity may constitute a barrier to practical implementation. We conclude that empirical verifications regarding the effects of network connectivity on travel behaviour remain a research gap, even in high-cycling countries, with evidence further limited by limited link-level travel data. Future research should also focus on developing more consistent and validated metrics. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 912-936 Issue: 4 Volume: 44 Year: 2024 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2024.2337880 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2024.2337880 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:44:y:2024:i:4:p:912-936 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2336921_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Dina Kanaan Author-X-Name-First: Dina Author-X-Name-Last: Kanaan Author-Name: Mattea Powell Author-X-Name-First: Mattea Author-X-Name-Last: Powell Author-Name: Michael Lu Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Lu Author-Name: Birsen Donmez Author-X-Name-First: Birsen Author-X-Name-Last: Donmez Title: In-vehicle displays for driving automation: a scoping review of display design and evaluation using driver gaze measures Abstract: Recent research has extensively examined in-vehicle display designs for supporting the operation of driving automation. As automation relieves drivers from various driving tasks including vehicle control (e.g. steering, accelerating, and braking), driving performance measures (e.g. speed, lane deviations) may not be informative indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of in-vehicle displays. Gaze-based measures are a better alternative given their link to driver visual attention, an indication of driver engagement. A scoping review was conducted to review the literature on the design of displays for supporting the operation of driving automation and the evaluation of these displays using gaze-based measures. Forty-three articles were included in the review. Most of the studies investigated visual (and mixed visual-auditory) displays that provide alerts to the driver for when to intervene automation classified as Level 3. The adopted gaze measures mostly relied on static areas of interest (AOIs), with fewer studies looking at more fine-grained, context dependent AOIs. The paper summarises the findings of the review, including research trends and gaps, as well as recommendations for future research. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 858-888 Issue: 4 Volume: 44 Year: 2024 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2024.2336921 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2024.2336921 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:44:y:2024:i:4:p:858-888 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2325453_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Xue Li Author-X-Name-First: Xue Author-X-Name-Last: Li Author-Name: Kum Fai Yuen Author-X-Name-First: Kum Fai Author-X-Name-Last: Yuen Title: A human-centred review on maritime autonomous surfaces ships: impacts, responses, and future directions Abstract: Maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS) are transforming the future of maritime transport. They are expected to shoulder important roles in seaborne trade and maritime resilience. As the primary operator of traditional ships and a significant component of maritime transport, seafarers are inevitably directly and indirectly affected by levels of automation introduced into the shipping space. Therefore, in addition to increasing attention to automated system designs, a holistic understanding of human elements in MASS operations is necessary. The current research (1) reviews human-centred MASS research, (2) categorises MASS impacts on seafarers, and (3) summarises responses to prepare seafarers for this emerging technology. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, a total of 101 articles were collected from Scopus. The systematic review reveals that MASS impacts seafarers from the following dimensions: employment, task contents, requisite skills, and human risks. Moreover, regulations and education frameworks can be adapted to respond to changes in seafarer demand and supply. Future research directions are also proposed and can serve as recommendations for future human-centred research on MASS. The research findings enhance the understanding of seafarer elements in MASS operations and provide policy implications for future seafarer management. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 791-810 Issue: 4 Volume: 44 Year: 2024 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2024.2325453 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2024.2325453 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:44:y:2024:i:4:p:791-810 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2305202_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Farah Ghizzawi Author-X-Name-First: Farah Author-X-Name-Last: Ghizzawi Author-Name: Alia Galal Author-X-Name-First: Alia Author-X-Name-Last: Galal Author-Name: Matthew J. Roorda Author-X-Name-First: Matthew J. Author-X-Name-Last: Roorda Title: Modelling parking behaviour of commercial vehicles: a scoping review Abstract: Parking in dense urban areas is a major challenge for last mile logistics. Parking shortage and policies that do not address commercial vehicles’ needs often lead these vehicles to park illegally. This paper conducts a scoping literature review on the parking behaviours of commercial freight and service vehicles, methods used to model these behaviours, and factors that determine their outcomes. Thirty-four studies are included in the review. It is found that commercial vehicles’ parking behaviours mainly comprise parking location and type choices including illegal parking, parking duration, and parking cruising. Methods used to model these behaviours primarily include discrete-choice modelling, regression analysis, survival analysis and simulation. We identify key knowledge gaps and provide insights on research opportunities in modelling more complex parking decisions, investigating parking cruising of commercial vehicles, evaluating the implications of freight demand management, and developing data fusion techniques. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 743-765 Issue: 4 Volume: 44 Year: 2024 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2024.2305202 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2024.2305202 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:44:y:2024:i:4:p:743-765 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: TTRV_A_2345623_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Artemis Tsiopa Author-X-Name-First: Artemis Author-X-Name-Last: Tsiopa Author-Name: Philippe Gerber Author-X-Name-First: Philippe Author-X-Name-Last: Gerber Author-Name: Geoffrey Caruso Author-X-Name-First: Geoffrey Author-X-Name-Last: Caruso Title: Framing the cross-border commuting literature: a systematic review and bibliographic analysis Abstract: Commuting, the spatial mismatch between work and residential locations, necessitates integrated urban and transport policies to mitigate its societal impacts. While cross-border commuting (CBC) is increasing and governance of border regions is on the rise beyond national borders, no systemic review of this specific commuting pattern exists. We aim to consolidate the CBC literature accumulated over the years into a coherent and synthetic framework. Our systematic review assembles an inaugural comprehensive corpus of cross-border commuting literature. It reveals three transversal key topics (transport-oriented topic, qualitative approaches versus a lack of quantitative data, and a large majority of European papers) and four sub-topics (patterns, determinants, impacts and policies). Moreover, we consolidate findings through meticulous mapping of evidence, where most links are traced between the determinants and the level of flows across borders. Finally, the discussion offers directions for future research, with an exhortation to explicitly link policies to sustainability and social concerns, and the necessity for standardised datasets for methodological comparability across cases and in alignment with general commuting research. Journal: Transport Reviews Pages: 889-911 Issue: 4 Volume: 44 Year: 2024 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2024.2345623 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01441647.2024.2345623 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:44:y:2024:i:4:p:889-911