Abstract.

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: J. Morgan Kousser 
Author-X-Name-First: J. Morgan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kousser 
Title: Why Were You Editor for 12 Years? 
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 1-4 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 46 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2013.763666 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2013.763666 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mohamed Saleh 
Author-X-Name-First: Mohamed 
Author-X-Name-Last: Saleh 
Title: A Pre-Colonial Population Brought to Light: Digitization of the Nineteenth Century Egyptian Censuses 
Abstract:
	      Knowledge of pre-colonial Middle Eastern populations has been
 limited by the lack of data. The 1848 and 1868 Egyptian censuses provide
 two snapshots of the Egyptian population in its early attempts to make the
 transition into a modern society. These censuses are perhaps the earliest
 in the Middle East and among the earliest in any non-Western country to
 include individual-level information on all segments of the population,
 including females, children, and slaves, on a wide range of demographic
 and socioeconomic variables. This article describes the digitization of
 two nationally representative samples of the 1848 and 1868 censuses from
 the original manuscripts at the National Archives of Egypt. It then
 introduces an application of the samples in Egyptian economic history.     
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 5-18 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 46 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2012.678807 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2012.678807 
File-Format: text/html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Matthias Blum 
Author-X-Name-First: Matthias 
Author-X-Name-Last: Blum 
Title: Cultural and Genetic Influences on the "Biological Standard of Living" 
Abstract:
	      This study suggests an improvement of a popular measure of
 living standards, namely the <italic>biological standard of
 living</italic>. One influence on it is a population's consumption
 pattern. Since there are different dietary patterns all over the world,
 researchers estimate the influences of national diets on final average
 male height. These habits are predominantly related to income, but also to
 genetics, cultural history, and decisions regarding whether to trade or
 consume high-quality foodstuffs. Systematic differences are found when
 analyzing protein-consumption habits among 51 countries between the 1960s
 and the 1980s. The author calculates metric correction values which can
 facilitate international comparisons of male average height. While the
 proposed correction values make a little difference on average, they can
 be valuable in a comparison of countries with markedly different dietary
 patterns.	    
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 19-30 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 46 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2012.703952 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2012.703952 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Adam Ramey 
Author-X-Name-First: Adam 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ramey 
Title: National Survival and the Confederate Congress 
Abstract:
	      The author analyzes the voting behavior of legislators in the
 Congresses of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil
 War. He shows that the occupation of Confederate Congressional districts
 by Federal troops led legislators to abandon their previous voting
 behavior and instead support the strengthening of the central government
 in Richmond. Specific case evidence involving voting on a number of
 salient issues is provided to further demonstrate the robustness of this
 result. Most importantly, the result leads to outcomes at odds with the
 logic of secession as enunciated by Southern elites.	       
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 31-40 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 46 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2012.706594 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2012.706594 
File-Format: text/html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tine De Moor 
Author-X-Name-First: Tine 
Author-X-Name-Last: De Moor 
Author-Name: Jaco Zuijderduijn 
Author-X-Name-First: Jaco 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zuijderduijn 
Title: The Art of Counting: Reconstructing Numeracy of the Middle and Upper Classes on the Basis of Portraits in the Early Modern Low Countries 
Abstract:
	      In the past decades, numeracy has taken an increasingly
 important place in the study of human capital formation, as well as in
 literacy studies and studies on formal education and book production. In
 order to understand levels of education, scholars have recently tried to
 develop new ways to measure the level of education, particularly because
 it has since become apparent that the measures of literacy historically
 have not always been very accurate. To measure numeracy, population
 surveys have been used to show that in the past respondents who were
 innumerate had a tendency to state their ages as round numbers, ending in
 0 or 5. Finding suitable data in the pre-modern age to analyze numeracy
 via age heaping is a cumbersome task, however. In this article, the
 authors explore the possibilities of using art, especially individual
 portraits in which the age of the sitter is indicated on the portrait by
 means of the <italic>Aetatis suae</italic> formula, as a source to study
 human capital formation and numeracy. This article has two main objectives
 that contribute to different areas of economic history as well as art
 history. The authors first demonstrate which criteria should be taken into
 account when building a database, especially for artistic artifacts.
 Secondly, they use the dataset to contribute to the understanding of
 numeracy levels among the well-to-do in the Low Countries in the early
 modern period. The analysis will show that women's numeracy was often even
 higher than that of men. Notwithstanding the high overall level of women's
 numeracy compared to other countries in Europe, the authors will also test
 the recent hypothesis put forward by Peter F�ldv�ri, Bas Van Leeuwen, and
 Van Jieli Leeuwen-Li that when women's ages were mentioned, they were
 usually reported as part of a married couple and possibly adapted to the
 ages husbands reported.	  
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 41-56 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 46 
Year: 2013 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2012.706795 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2012.706795 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael L. Rosin 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael L. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Rosin 
Title: The Five-Fifths Rule and the Unconstitutional Presidential Election of 1916 
Abstract:
	      When analyzing Woodrow Wilson's narrow victory in the
 presidential election of 1916, students of the Electoral College have
 focused on the closeness of the popular vote in California. None of them
 have noticed that Wilson's victory in the Electoral College depended on
 non-enforcement of the Penalty Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Using
 Morgan Kousser's analysis of voter disenfranchisement across the South
 between 1880 and 1910, this article demonstrates that Charles Evans Hughes
 would have won the electoral vote if the Penalty Clause had been enforced
 when the House was reapportioned following the 1910 census.	      
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 57-66 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 46 
Year: 2013 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2012.707605 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2012.707605 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Scott Alan Carson 
Author-X-Name-First: Scott Alan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Carson 
Title: The Significance and Relative Contributions of Demographic, Residence, and Socioeconomic Status in Nineteenth-Century U.S. BMI Variation 
Abstract:
	      Sources of nineteenth-century body mass index variation have
 received increased attention in economic and historical studies. Although
 modern body mass indexes increased during the twentieth century,
 nineteenth-century black and white body mass indexes were distributed
 symmetrically. Blacks in the Great Lakes and whites from the Southeast
 were more likely to be underweight, and blacks in Kentucky and whites in
 the Upper South and Far West were more likely to be overweight and obese.
 Farmers had greater body mass index values than workers in other
 occupations. Factors individuals did not control--such as age, race, and
 height--were the primary sources of nineteenth-century body mass index
 variation; choice characteristics--such as residence and occupations--had
 little to do with body mass index variation during U.S. economic
 development.	       
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 67-76 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 46 
Year: 2013 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2012.707969 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2012.707969 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:46:y:2013:i:2:p:67-76




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul S. Lambert 
Author-X-Name-First: Paul S. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lambert 
Author-Name: Richard L. Zijdeman 
Author-X-Name-First: Richard L. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zijdeman 
Author-Name: Marco H. D. Van Leeuwen 
Author-X-Name-First: Marco H. D. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Van Leeuwen 
Author-Name: Ineke Maas 
Author-X-Name-First: Ineke 
Author-X-Name-Last: Maas 
Author-Name: Kenneth Prandy 
Author-X-Name-First: Kenneth 
Author-X-Name-Last: Prandy 
Title: The Construction of HISCAM: A Stratification Scale Based on Social Interactions for Historical Comparative Research 
Abstract:
	      A new occupational stratification scale, "HISCAM" (historical
 CAMSIS), has been developed to facilitate the analysis of data coded to
 the Historical International Standard Classification of Occupations. This
 article describes the derivation and properties of the HISCAM measure. The
 scale was derived using patterns of inter-generational occupational
 connections, replicating a method of "social interaction distance"
 analysis which is widely used in contemporary sociology. Analysis was
 performed on data for the period of 1800--1938, principally derived from
 marriage registers covering Belgium, Britain, Canada, France, Germany, the
 Netherlands, and Sweden, and encompassing over two million
 inter-generational relationships. Researchers report how several different
 HISCAM scales were evaluated and show how this approach can explain social
 stratification and inequality in the past.	     
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 77-89 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 46 
Year: 2013 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2012.715569 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2012.715569 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Laia Mojica 
Author-X-Name-First: Laia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mojica 
Author-Name: Ian N. Gregory 
Author-X-Name-First: Ian N. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gregory 
Author-Name: Jordi Mart�-Henneberg 
Author-X-Name-First: Jordi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mart�-Henneberg 
Title: A Method for Exploring Long-Term Urban Change Using National Historical GIS Databases 
Abstract:
			This article describes a new approach for analyzing
 data within national historical geographic information system databases
 that can be used to explore long-term trends in landscape evolution. The
 methodology is based on clustering together areas with similar demographic
 characteristics to define urban agglomerations whose territorial extents
 and populations vary over time. The resulting database can be used in a
 wide range of ways that allow the empirical study of urban growth and
 urban sprawl. The article is based on data for England and Wales but given
 the increasing availability of national historical geographic information
 system databases for countries around the world, the approach could be
 replicated for a wide range of different places.	   
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 90-101 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 46 
Year: 2013 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2012.721720 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2012.721720 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David W. Galenson 
Author-X-Name-First: David W. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Galenson 
Author-Name: Clayne L. Pope 
Author-X-Name-First: Clayne L. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pope 
Title: Experimental and Conceptual Innovators in the Sciences: The Cases of Darwin and Einstein 
Abstract:
	      During the past decade, analyses of artistic creativity have
 demonstrated the contrast in creative life cycles between experimental old
 masters and conceptual young geniuses. This article extends the analysis
 to scientists. Charles Darwin was a great experimental innovator, who
 spent decades accumulating evidence on evolution and its mechanisms, and
 made his greatest contributions late in his career. In contrast, Albert
 Einstein was a great conceptual innovator, who made discoveries through
 highly abstract reasoning, and made his greatest contributions early in
 his career. The careers of these two great scientists are thus consistent
 with the thesis that, as in the arts, conceptual creativity is associated
 with youth, but experimental creativity increases with age.	      
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 102-112 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 46 
Year: 2013 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2012.719427 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2012.719427 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jordi Mart�-Henneberg 
Author-X-Name-First: Jordi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mart�-Henneberg 
Title: Introduction to the Special Issue on the Common Ground of History and Geography 
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 113-116 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 46 
Year: 2013 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2013.803395 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2013.803395 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: C�sar Carreras 
Author-X-Name-First: C�sar 
Author-X-Name-Last: Carreras 
Author-Name: Pau De Soto 
Author-X-Name-First: Pau 
Author-X-Name-Last: De Soto 
Title: The Roman Transport Network: A Precedent for the Integration of the European Mobility 
Abstract:
	      In the last years, the use of geographical information
 systems has been common in many historical and geographical studies.
 Perhaps one of the least known applications is network analysis, a series
 of functions related to hydrology and mobility. Since 1994, researchers
 have used network analyses to understand costs and time expenditure in
 transportation in Roman times, with the aim of modeling commercial routes.
 Archaeological objects were employed to confirm those commercial
 distributions whose quantities were related basically to transport costs.
 The present articles go far beyond and attempt to understand decisions in
 building a transport network based on time series. It seems that not all
 Roman decisions in transport infrastructure were due to economic reasons;
 some parts of Roman roads were built basically for political reasons and
 affected later developments.	       
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 117-133 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 46 
Year: 2013 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2013.803403 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2013.803403 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thomas Th�venin 
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas 
Author-X-Name-Last: Th�venin 
Author-Name: Robert Schwartz 
Author-X-Name-First: Robert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Schwartz 
Author-Name: Lo�c Sapet 
Author-X-Name-First: Lo�c 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sapet 
Title: Mapping the Distortions in Time and Space: The French Railway Network 1830--1930 
Abstract:
	      Accessibility is frequently used in transportation planning
 to measure the efficiency of new infrastructure in terms of travel time
 and population served. In this article, the authors apply accessibility
 concepts based on the geo-historical angle. The aim of this study is to
 investigate the relationships between population dynamics and the railway
 expansion from 1830 to 1930. Their approach considers a local scale
 composed of some 36,000 French communes for the demographic data and more
 than 28,000 kilometers for the railway network. The methodological
 framework of this database is based on historical geographic information
 systems completed by anamorphosis analysis. In this way, they are able to
 map the changing contours of accessibility from the local to the regional
 and national scales for historical time.	   
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 134-143 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 46 
Year: 2013 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2013.803409 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2013.803409 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xavi Franch 
Author-X-Name-First: Xavi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Franch 
Author-Name: Mateu Morillas-Torn� 
Author-X-Name-First: Mateu 
Author-X-Name-Last: Morillas-Torn� 
Author-Name: Jordi Mart�-Henneberg 
Author-X-Name-First: Jordi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mart�-Henneberg 
Title: Railways as a Factor of Change in the Distribution of Population in Spain, 1900--1970 
Abstract:
	      The central focus of this work is to test a new methodology
 to measure the impact of the railway on the distribution of population, in
 this case in Spain. To achieve this, it was necessary to previously
 integrate data relating to population and railway lines into a
 geographical information system. The result was a spatial database that
 includes population data from homogeneous census series obtained for the
 municipal scale and the evolution of the railway network in service at
 corresponding points in time. This allowed the authors to apply
 spatial-temporal analysis. By so doing, this work constitutes an analysis
 of a new methodology, as they used exploratory spatial data analysis and
 geographically weighted regression to detect spatial patterns and estimate
 the influence of the railway and distance from the coast on population
 change. The results obtained show that the influence of the railway was
 very pronounced in some areas, while in others it was just one of the
 factors that could explain major changes in population distribution.	    
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 144-156 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 46 
Year: 2013 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2013.803414 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2013.803414 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lu�s Espinha da Silveira 
Author-X-Name-First: Lu�s Espinha da 
Author-X-Name-Last: Silveira 
Author-Name: Daniel Alves 
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Alves 
Author-Name: Marco Painho 
Author-X-Name-First: Marco 
Author-X-Name-Last: Painho 
Author-Name: Ana Cristina Costa 
Author-X-Name-First: Ana Cristina 
Author-X-Name-Last: Costa 
Author-Name: Ana Alc&acirc;ntara 
Author-X-Name-First: Ana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Alc&acirc;ntara 
Title: The Evolution of Population Distribution on the Iberian Peninsula: A Transnational Approach (1877--2001) 
Abstract:
	      Surpassing the national perspective usually adopted, the
 authors confirmed the existence of a pattern of population distribution
 common to the whole Iberian Peninsula in the long run. This pattern is
 clearly associated with geographical factors. These variables seem to have
 more weight in explaining changes between 1877/78 and 1940 than in the
 period from 1940 to 2001. The observation of the cross-border region has
 shown that proximity to the frontier has not generated any distinct
 pattern of population density on either side of the boundary line. The
 spatial coherence of the observed phenomena throughout the Peninsula and
 of its evolution, independent of the border between states, reinforces the
 importance of geographic factors in their explanation. At the same time,
 this verification opens up new issues related to the effect of national
 political and economic policies.	   
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 157-174 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 46 
Year: 2013 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2013.804787 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2013.804787 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:46:y:2013:i:3:p:157-174




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Eduard Alvarez 
Author-X-Name-First: Eduard 
Author-X-Name-Last: Alvarez 
Author-Name: Xavi Franch 
Author-X-Name-First: Xavi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Franch 
Author-Name: Jordi Mart�-Henneberg 
Author-X-Name-First: Jordi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mart�-Henneberg 
Title: Evolution of the Territorial Coverage of the Railway Network and its Influence on Population Growth: The Case of England and Wales, 1871--1931 
Abstract:
	      The introduction of the railway network brought with it an
 unprecedented improvement in accessibility. In this work, the authors
 analyze the evolution of the territorial coverage of the railway network
 and its influence on the uneven distribution of population. To carry out
 this research, they used comparable data on total population obtained from
 census records relating to civil parishes of England and Wales, taken at
 10-year intervals from 1871. The hypothesis that they wished to test was
 that good access to a railway station was related to significant increases
 in population. This exercise provides a better understanding of regional
 variations in population growth and allows the authors to identify current
 differences between urban and rural areas that have resulted from their
 historical evolution.		
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 175-191 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 46 
Year: 2013 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2013.804788 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2013.804788 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:46:y:2013:i:3:p:175-191




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kaloyan Stanev 
Author-X-Name-First: Kaloyan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Stanev 
Title: A Historical GIS Approach to Studying the Evolution of the Railway and Urban Networks: The Balkans, 1870--2001 
Abstract:
	      The study investigates the complex relationship between
 border changes, railway construction, and the formation of the urban
 network of the Balkans between 1870 and 2000. The historical geographic
 information system is applied to measure the impact of border changes and
 railway construction on the growth of towns and cities and the
 concentration of urban population during a complex and important period
 for the formation of the economic geography of the region. While the
 research done so far has mainly focused on national contexts, the use of
 historical geographic information systems allows one to present a
 transnational perspective. The lack of historical continuity in the
 administrative organization of the Balkan states is offset by focusing on
 towns and cities instead of regions or municipalities. The results confirm
 the initial perception that in this part of the continent, national
 boundaries play a key role in determining the spatial distribution of
 population and economic activity.	    
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 192-201 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 46 
Year: 2013 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2013.804789 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2013.804789 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:46:y:2013:i:3:p:192-201




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Huub Everaert 
Author-X-Name-First: Huub 
Author-X-Name-Last: Everaert 
Title: Unknown Father in Suriname, 1838 to 1873 
Abstract:
	      In this article, the author uses simulation techniques to
 discover what percentage of Surinamese slave women bore children by
 different fathers during the period 1838 to 1873. The matrifocal family,
 comprising wife and children, might well have predominated on the
 plantations. However, slave owners did not record fatherhood, and the
 debate is hampered by lack of data. Fortunately, Moravian missionaries
 recorded sexual relationships among slaves in Suriname, and by combining
 those sources with slave registers one can reconstruct detailed parts of
 the life course of female slaves. Due to the specific characteristics of
 the Moravian sources, however, the data suggest that some women conceived
 children during periods for which the Moravian sources make no description
 of the mother having had sexual relations. Three different simulation
 scenarios (full, constrained full, and constrained randomization) were
 developed to impute these missing fathers, each scenario consisting of 100
 independent runs. Between and within the scenarios, the estimates of what
 percentage of slave women bore children by different fathers are robust.
 One may therefore conclude that in the two decades prior to 1863, about
 45% of those women with at least two children had borne children fathered
 by different men.	    
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 203-219 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 46 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2012.724349 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2012.724349 
File-Format: text/html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christopher Paul 
Author-X-Name-First: Christopher 
Author-X-Name-Last: Paul 
Author-Name: Colin P. Clarke 
Author-X-Name-First: Colin P. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Clarke 
Author-Name: Beth Grill 
Author-X-Name-First: Beth 
Author-X-Name-Last: Grill 
Author-Name: Terrance Savitsky 
Author-X-Name-First: Terrance 
Author-X-Name-Last: Savitsky 
Title: Between Large-<italic>N</italic> and Small-<italic>N</italic> Analyses: Historical Comparison of Thirty Insurgency Case Studies 
Abstract:
	      The authors study the 30 insurgencies occurring between 1978
 and 2008 using four methods crossing the qualitative/quantitative divide.
 The four approaches are narrative, bivariate comparison, comparative
 qualitative analysis, and K-medoids clustering. The quantification of
 qualitative data allows the authors to compare more cases than they could
 "hold in their heads" under a traditional small-<italic>n</italic>
 qualitative approach, improving the quality of the overall narrative and
 helping to ensure that the quantitative analyses respected the nuance of
 the detailed case histories. Structured data-mining reduces the
 dimensionality of possible explanatory factors relative to the available
 observations to expose patterns in the data in ways more common in
 large-<italic>n</italic> studies. The four analytic approaches produced
 similar and mutually supporting findings, leading to robust conclusions.   
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 220-239 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 46 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2012.732008 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2012.732008 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Johann N. Neem 
Author-X-Name-First: Johann N. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Neem 
Title: Taking Tradition Seriously: Radicalism, Conservatism, and Social Change 
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 240-243 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 46 
Year: 2013 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2013.833820 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2013.833820 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: William C. Baer 
Author-X-Name-First: William C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Baer 
Title: Using Housing Quality to Track Change in the Standard of Living and Poverty for Seventeenth-Century London 
Abstract:
	      Housing quality is an important component of the standard of
 living, touching on aspects usually ignored in efforts to measure it, in
 part because housing quality itself is difficult to measure--especially
 over time. There are choices over inputs versus outputs for quality, and
 over objectively versus subjectively determined evaluations of it.
 Historians must also cope with today's versus yesteryear's beliefs about
 housing quality and standards. Descriptions of London's housing quality
 over the seventeenth century and changes in rents show that housing
 improved across income groups. Housing poverty apparently declined in
 percentage but grew in absolute numbers. Higher incomes, better-built
 housing, and processes of the housing market all contributed, including
 housing/household "filtering"--a unique process of the housing market
 whose London aspects others have reported but never placed in a coherent
 account.	   
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 1-18 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 47 
Year: 2014 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2013.800801 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2013.800801 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Debra Barbezat 
Author-X-Name-First: Debra 
Author-X-Name-Last: Barbezat 
Author-Name: James Hughes 
Author-X-Name-First: James 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hughes 
Title: Finding the Lost Jockeys 
Abstract:
			      This article describes two new databases
 related to the racing industry. Using census data extracted from the North
 Atlantic Population Project and recently collected license data on jockeys
 of all races, the authors examine the labor market for thoroughbred horse
 jockeys, focusing on the period from 1880 to 1930. The decline in the
 number of African American jockeys is documented and discussed. The
 authors also estimate total labor force figures and compare experience
 levels and career lengths for both black and white jockeys. An unexpected
 finding is the higher level of labor force participation among black
 jockeys in the twentieth century, relative to earlier sources. 	 
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 19-30 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 47 
Year: 2014 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2013.821876 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2013.821876 
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:47:y:2014:i:1:p:19-30




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Humphrey Southall 
Author-X-Name-First: Humphrey 
Author-X-Name-Last: Southall 
Title: Rebuilding the Great Britain Historical GIS, Part 3:Integrating Qualitative Content for a Sense of Place 
Abstract:
			      This article describes the integration of old
 maps, descriptive gazetteers, and a large library of travel writing into
 the Great Britain Historical GIS, presenting a range of approaches to
 geo-referencing diverse historical sources. While previous parts focused
 on legally defined administrative areas and statistical reporting units,
 these qualitative sources concern a less formal geography of "places." The
 article links these to administrative units in two ways: Places are
 contained within units, but units are named after places and are
 consequently subsidiary to them. While rejecting existing gazetteer data
 standards, the approach aligns well with that of historical place-name
 researchers. The final section describes how the structure interacts with
 search engines to support a very popular website for lifelong learners.    
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 31-44 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 47 
Year: 2014 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2013.847774 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2013.847774 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wouter Ronsijn 
Author-X-Name-First: Wouter 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ronsijn 
Title: Microdata on the Belgian Population for 1961--2001: Documenting and Reconstructing the 1961 Census Sample 
Abstract:
	      This article describes the background and reconstruction of
 the Belgian 1961 census sample file. Recently, a complete codebook for the
 sample file has been drawn up, and the representativeness of the sample
 has been evaluated as accurate, except for the loss of cases that occurred
 for three Belgian subregions. With the addition of the 1961 census sample,
 cross-sectional microdata from the five successive population censuses
 since that year, covering a broad range of topics, are now available to
 the research community. The reconstruction of the 1961 census sample was
 part of the activities of the HISSTAT project, which is currently being
 run by a consortium of research institutions in Belgium to bring together
 cross-sectional aggregated data since 1800, aggregated longitudinal data
 since 1880, and cross-sectional microdata since 1961, all covering the
 entire country.	  
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 45-55 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 47 
Year: 2014 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2013.836054 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2013.836054 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sascha O. Becker 
Author-X-Name-First: Sascha O. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Becker 
Author-Name: Francesco Cinnirella 
Author-X-Name-First: Francesco 
Author-X-Name-Last: Cinnirella 
Author-Name: Erik Hornung 
Author-X-Name-First: Erik 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hornung 
Author-Name: Ludger Woessmann 
Author-X-Name-First: Ludger 
Author-X-Name-Last: Woessmann 
Title: iPEHD--The ifo Prussian Economic History Database 
Abstract:
				 This article describes the ifo Prussian
 Economic History Database (iPEHD), a public use county-level database
 covering a rich collection of variables for nineteenth-century Prussia.
 The Royal Prussian Statistical Office collected these data in several
 censuses over the years 1816--1901. These data provide a unique source for
 micro-regional empirical research in economic history, enabling analyses
 of education, religion, fertility, industrialization, and many others. The
 service of iPEHD is to provide the data in a digitized and structured way. 
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 57-66 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 47 
Year: 2014 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2013.852370 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2013.852370 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carlos Villarreal 
Author-X-Name-First: Carlos 
Author-X-Name-Last: Villarreal 
Author-Name: Brian Bettenhausen 
Author-X-Name-First: Brian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bettenhausen 
Author-Name: Eric Hanss 
Author-X-Name-First: Eric 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hanss 
Author-Name: Jonathan Hersh 
Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hersh 
Title: Historical Health Conditions in Major U.S. Cities 
Abstract:
 The Historical Urban Ecological data set is a new resource detailing
 health and environmental conditions within seven major U.S. cities during
 the study period from 1830 to 1930. Researchers collected and digitized
 ward-level data from annual reports of municipal departments that detail
 the epidemiological, economic, and demographic conditions within each
 city. They then drafted new geographic information system data to link the
 tabular records to ward geographies. These data provide a new foundation
 to revisit questions surrounding the urban mortality transition and the
 growth of U.S. cities. 		       
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 67-80 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 47 
Year: 2014 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2013.874005 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2013.874005 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:47:y:2014:i:2:p:67-80




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Trevon D. Logan 
Author-X-Name-First: Trevon D. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Logan 
Author-Name: Raj Arunachalam 
Author-X-Name-First: Raj 
Author-X-Name-Last: Arunachalam 
Title: Is There Dowry Inflation in South Asia? 
Abstract:
 This article is the first systematic attempt to measure the existence and
 degree of dowry inflation in South Asia. The popular press and scholarly
 literature have assumed dowry inflation in South Asia for some time, and
 there are now a number of theoretical papers that have attempted to
 explain the rise of dowries in South Asia. Despite these advances, there
 has been no systematic study of dowry inflation. Using large-sample
 retrospective survey data from India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Nepal,
 researchers assess the empirical evidence for dowry inflation. They find
 no evidence that real dowry amounts have systematically increased over
 time in South Asia.			     
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 81-94 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 47 
Year: 2014 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2014.880642 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2014.880642 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: James W. Oberly 
Author-X-Name-First: James W. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Oberly 
Title: Julius Drachsler's <italic>Intermarriage in New York City</italic> 				 
Abstract:
				 Julius Drachsler's 1921 book,
 <italic>Intermarriage in New York City</italic>, examined 171,356
 individual marriage license applications from New York City in the years
 1908--12. The author found little intermarriage across social lines among
 immigrants but a considerable amount among their U.S.-born children. This
 study replicates Drachsler's by taking a 1% sample (<italic>N</italic> =
 1,714 cases) of the same set of marriage license applications for the same
 years. The replication results show that Drachsler correctly found an
 increasing trend to intermarriage between the first and second
 generations, and with close to the same proportions as Drachsler's work.
 The replication study of New York City marriage licenses is also
 consistent with the results from a 1910 sample of married couples living
 in New York City, taken from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Sample.
 The replication study differs from Drachsler's reported findings on the
 extent of intermarriages across social lines of nationality and race,
 mainly due to the idiosyncratic way that Drachsler defined those two
 constructs. The New York City marriage license files offer the researcher
 further opportunities to pose and answer questions about intermarriage.    
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 95-111 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 47 
Year: 2014 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2014.887363 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2014.887363 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lieve Behiels 
Author-X-Name-First: Lieve 
Author-X-Name-Last: Behiels 
Author-Name: Werner Thomas 
Author-X-Name-First: Werner 
Author-X-Name-Last: Thomas 
Author-Name: Christian Pistor 
Author-X-Name-First: Christian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pistor 
Title: Translation as an Instrument of Empire: The Southern Netherlands as a Translation Center of the Spanish Monarchy, 1500-1700 
Abstract:
 <title>Abstract.</title>In this article, the authors consider translation
 and translators as agents in globalization processes and focus on their
 role in the "first globalization" within the Spanish empire from 1500
 onward. Combining concepts and methods from history and translation
 studies, they take the Southern Netherlands as a geographical center where
 translators, initiators of translations, printers, and other multilingual
 specialists were able to provide texts that circulated in the whole of the
 empire. The authors show how a relational database comprising multiple
 data on translations and the people related to them helps to uncover
 networks among the participants in the translation process and to discover
 if and how authorities were involved. Finally, the database sheds light on
 the translation centers and the empire's language system.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 113-127 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 47 
Year: 2014 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2014.912552 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2014.912552 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Turk McCleskey 
Author-X-Name-First: Turk 
Author-X-Name-Last: McCleskey 
Author-Name: James C. Squire 
Author-X-Name-First: James C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Squire 
Title: Random Selection of Petit Jurors on the Virginia Frontier, 1746-55 
Abstract:
 <title>Abstract.</title>Eighteenth-century English common-law courts used
 petit juries in civil litigation to try issues of fact or find damages
 after defendants defaulted. In colonial Virginia, county sheriffs
 impaneled potential jurors for trials of the issue; before trial,
 litigants selected a 12-man jury during <italic>voir dire</italic>. By
 contrast, juries on writs of inquiry to ascertain damages were selected
 solely by sheriffs and reached verdicts under the sheriff's supervision.
 Scholarly consensus holds juror selection to have been prejudiced, but
 pure probability predictions generated with hypergeometric distributions
 indicate that on writs of inquiry sheriffs often picked jurors in a
 functionally random manner. This article presents a new test for
 identifying bias in jury selection by identifying improbable numbers of
 magistrates, constables, and grand jurors.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 128-137 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 47 
Year: 2014 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2014.900337 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2014.900337 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maria J. Wisselgren 
Author-X-Name-First: Maria J. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wisselgren 
Author-Name: S�ren Edvinsson 
Author-X-Name-First: S�ren 
Author-X-Name-Last: Edvinsson 
Author-Name: Mats Berggren 
Author-X-Name-First: Mats 
Author-X-Name-Last: Berggren 
Author-Name: Maria Larsson 
Author-X-Name-First: Maria 
Author-X-Name-Last: Larsson 
Title: Testing Methods of Record Linkage on Swedish Censuses 
Abstract:
 <title>Abstract.</title>Research benefits a great deal when different
 kinds of registers can be combined. Record linkage is an important tool
 for connecting sources to create longitudinal databases of individual
 data. In this article, researchers test and evaluate different methods of
 record linkage used when linking two censuses. By comparing the results of
 the census linkage with other continuous Swedish parish registers, they
 find that applying constructed name variables and household links
 considerably increases the success rate without the risk of introducing
 bias. Missing links are mainly related to name problems, and appear most
 frequently among children and when the family structure has changed
 between the censuses. Faulty links are very few and must be regarded as
 only a marginal problem for analysis. The study underlines the importance
 of adapting the linkage process to the special characteristics of the
 sources.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 138-151 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 47 
Year: 2014 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2014.913967 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2014.913967 
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Philipp Ueffing 
Author-X-Name-First: Philipp 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ueffing 
Author-Name: Tom Wilson 
Author-X-Name-First: Tom 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wilson 
Title: Estimating Historical Total Fertility Rates for Australia and Its States 
Abstract:
 <title>Abstract.</title>Australian Bureau of Statistics Total Fertility
 Rate (TFR) statistics are available from 1921 for Australia, and for
 census years between 1947 and 1966 for the states, and then on an annual
 basis from 1971. Using historical, statistical publications, annual TFRs
 for Australia and the states dating back to federation in 1901 were
 calculated directly in years where data are available and estimated
 indirectly via the standardized fertility ratio in other years. For some
 periods where direct TFR estimation was applied, age-specific births used
 in the numerators of fertility rates must be estimated from partial data.
 Combined with Australian Bureau of Statistics data, the authors' estimated
 TFRs contribute an uninterrupted time series of national and state TFRs
 for Australia from 1901 to 2011.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 152-162 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 47 
Year: 2014 
Month: 9 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2013.847775 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2013.847775 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:47:y:2014:i:3:p:152-162




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jordi Mart�-Henneberg 
Author-X-Name-First: Jordi 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mart�-Henneberg 
Title: The Time Dimension in Geography 
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 163-166 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 47 
Year: 2014 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2014.955445 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2014.955445 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:47:y:2014:i:4:p:163-166




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sebastian Kl�sener 
Author-X-Name-First: Sebastian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kl�sener 
Author-Name: Emilio Zagheni 
Author-X-Name-First: Emilio 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zagheni 
Title: The East-West Gradient in Spatial Population Development Within Germany 
Abstract:
 <bold>Abstract.</bold> Since Germany's unification in 1990, the former
 communist eastern part has experienced substantial out-migration toward
 western Germany. This article explores whether this is predominantly a
 temporary phenomenon related to the post-communist transition crisis, or
 whether longstanding geographic disparities in economic development also
 play a role. In particular, we are interested in whether long-term trends
 are shaped by the fact that parts of western Germany belong to the
 so-called <italic>European dorsal</italic> that has long been the most
 important center of economic activity in Europe. We address the question
 by investigating spatial population trends over the last two centuries.
 Findings suggest that longstanding geographical disparities are relevant.
 However, prior to 1945, population concentration in western Germany was
 not focused on the European dorsal region.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 167-179 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 47 
Year: 2014 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2014.955234 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2014.955234 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:47:y:2014:i:4:p:167-179




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Daniel A. Tirado Fabregat 
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel A. Tirado 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fabregat 
Author-Name: Marc Badia-Mir� 
Author-X-Name-First: Marc 
Author-X-Name-Last: Badia-Mir� 
Title: New Evidence on Regional Inequality in Iberia (1900-2000) 
Abstract:
 This article presents new evidence on the evolution of regional inequality
 in Iberia from 1900 to 2000 from a geographical perspective. To do so we
 introduce a new historical dataset of regional gross domestic products
 (GDPs) for Spanish NUTS III and Portuguese Historical Districts, synthetic
 indices of regional inequality, and different measures of spatial
 correlation across regional per capita GDPs. The results show that the
 Portuguese and Spanish national economic integration processes initially
 led to the economic specialization across Iberian regions promoting the
 divergence in terms of their regional per capita GDPs. Notwithstanding,
 ulterior advances in the integration of national markets and the
 subsequent first stages in the process of adhesion of these two national
 economies into the UE coexisted with a progressive reduction in Iberian
 regional inequality.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 180-189 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 47 
Year: 2014 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2014.955232 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2014.955232 
File-Format: text/html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sedef Akg&#x169;ng&#x14d;r 
Author-X-Name-First: Sedef 
Author-X-Name-Last: Akg&#x169;ng&#x14d;r 
Author-Name: Yesim Kustepeli 
Author-X-Name-First: Yesim 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kustepeli 
Author-Name: Yaprak G&#x16b;lcan 
Author-X-Name-First: Yaprak 
Author-X-Name-Last: G&#x16b;lcan 
Title: The Impact of Road Network on External Trade 
Abstract:
 <bold>Abstract.</bold> This article explores the relationship between
 highway network length and external trade with the EU. Annual data for
 Turkey's external trade with the EU comes from the Turkish Statistical
 Institute, and the data for highway network length is obtained from the
 Turkish Directorate of Highways. The data covers the years 1970-2008, and
 the relationship between highway network length (km) and Turkey's exports
 to the EU and Turkey's imports from the EU (EU 15, EU 25, and EU 27) are
 explored. The findings indicate that highway network length and Turkey's
 external trade with the EU coincide. The results confirm that there is a
 strong positive relationship between developments on the Turkish road
 network and Turkey's external trade with the EU both in the long and short
 run.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 190-198 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 47 
Year: 2014 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2014.955235 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2014.955235 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:47:y:2014:i:4:p:190-198




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marta Felis-Rota 
Author-X-Name-First: Marta 
Author-X-Name-Last: Felis-Rota 
Title: The Importance of Being Central 
Abstract:
 The density of the railway network increased in all European states during
 the period of 1850-1920, but not with the same pattern. Historical data
 reveal that countries located at the physical extremities of the European
 continent took much longer to adopt the railway (and thus integrate into
 an increasingly globalized Europe) than those in the center of the
 continent. The discussion focuses around the self-constructed variable
 kilometers of railway line per thousand square kilometers of territory, as
 an indicator of railway density given the geographical coverage of the
 railway at every point in time. I run year-by-year multivariate
 regressions in order to test the relevance of a central location within
 the continent, considering distance to main markets in London, Paris, and
 Brussels. Furthermore, I also test the relevance of a country being
 landlocked.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 199-209 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 47 
Year: 2014 
Month: 12 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2014.955233 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2014.955233 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:47:y:2014:i:4:p:199-209




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Harry Parkin 
Author-X-Name-First: Harry 
Author-X-Name-Last: Parkin 
Title: The Fourteenth-Century Poll Tax Returns and the Study of English Surname Distribution 
Abstract:
 The modern-day distributions of English surnames
 have been considered in genealogical, historical, and philological
 research as possible indicators of their origins. However, many centuries
 have passed since hereditary surnames were first used, and so their
 distribution today does not necessarily reflect their original spread,
 misrepresenting their origins. Previously, medieval data with national
 coverage have not been available for a study of surname distribution, but
 with the recent publication of the fourteenth-century poll tax returns,
 this has changed. By presenting discrepancies in medieval and
 nineteenth-century distributions, it is shown that more recent surname
 data may not be a suitable guide to surname origins and can be usefully
 supplemented by medieval data in order to arrive at more accurate
 conclusions.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 1-12 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 48 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2014.946985 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2014.946985 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:48:y:2015:i:1:p:1-12




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Farley Grubb 
Author-X-Name-First: Farley 
Author-X-Name-Last: Grubb 
Title: Colonial New Jersey's Paper Money Regime, 1709-75: A Forensic Accounting Reconstruction of the Data 
Abstract:
 Forensic accounting is used to reconstruct the
 data on emissions, redemptions, and bills outstanding for colonial New
 Jersey paper money. These components are further separated into the
 amounts initially legislated and the amounts actually executed. These data
 are substantial improvements over what currently exists in the literature.
 They also provide a more complete and nuanced accounting of colonial New
 Jersey's paper money regime than what has been done previously for any
 British North American colony. Enough detail of the forensic accounting
 exercise is given for scholars to reproduce the data series from the
 original sources.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 13-34 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 48 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2014.947396 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2014.947396 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:48:y:2015:i:1:p:13-34




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maria Stanfors 
Author-X-Name-First: Maria 
Author-X-Name-Last: Stanfors 
Author-Name: Joyce Burnette 
Author-X-Name-First: Joyce 
Author-X-Name-Last: Burnette 
Title: Estimating Historical Wage Profiles 
Abstract:
 <title>Abstract.</title>In this article, researchers evaluate the
 empirical performance of the Mincer earnings equation, which has been the
 benchmark model for assessment of wage profiles since 1974. The analysis
 concerns workers in the manufacturing industry in three countries before
 1900. The Mincer equation must be adjusted with respect to functional form
 in order to capture the wage profiles of past industrial workers. The
 quadratic spline consistently provides the best fit, while the standard
 quadratic produces misleading estimates of wage changes and gender wage
 gaps. These conclusions hold across contexts, for men and women, and for
 both age and experience profiles. The results have methodological
 relevance for estimating historical wage profiles and also have
 implications for the assessment of gender wage gaps in the past.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 35-51 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 48 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2014.947397 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2014.947397 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:48:y:2015:i:1:p:35-51




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joseph A. Francis 
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph A. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Francis 
Title: The Periphery's Terms of Trade in the Nineteenth Century: A Methodological Problem Revisited 
Abstract:
 There is a major downward bias in the trend of
 most existing estimates of the periphery's nineteenth-century terms of
 trade. By using prices from the North Atlantic core as proxies for prices
 in the peripheral countries themselves, historians ignore the dramatic
 price convergence that took place during the nineteenth century. Measured
 correctly, the periphery's nineteenth-century terms-of-trade boom would
 appear considerably longer, greater, and more widespread than Jeffrey
 Williamson (2008, 2011) supposes, greatly reinforcing his grand narrative
 about the relation between globalization and the "great divergence." Many
 of the details of his narrative, however, must be revised. This is
 illustrated by the case of India.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 52-65 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 48 
Year: 2015 
Month: 3 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2014.963775 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2014.963775 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:48:y:2015:i:1:p:52-65




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert Michael Morrissey 
Author-X-Name-First: Robert Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Morrissey 
Title: Archives of Connection 
Abstract:
 Social network analysis is a burgeoning field of sociology, but it has
 only recently been adopted by social historians. This article provides an
 overview of the promise of social network analysis for social history, as
 well as a critical discussion of what the method does and does not
 provide. It focuses especially on the problem of "whole network" analysis
 and sketches questions that social network analysis can help answer in the
 past. The author then offers a reflection on his own experience using the
 method and shows what it provided in the study of a French-Indian
 community in the colonial Mississippi Valley.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 67-79 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 48 
Year: 2015 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2014.962208 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2014.962208 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:48:y:2015:i:2:p:67-79




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David Connors 
Author-X-Name-First: David 
Author-X-Name-Last: Connors 
Author-Name: Michael J. Armstrong 
Author-X-Name-First: Michael J. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Armstrong 
Author-Name: John Bonnett 
Author-X-Name-First: John 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bonnett 
Title: A Counterfactual Study of the Charge of the Light Brigade 
Abstract:
 Researchers use a mathematical model to perform a counterfactual study of
 the 1854 Charge of the Light Brigade. They first calibrate the model with
 historical data so that it reproduces the actual charge's outcome. They
 then adjust the model to see how that outcome might have changed if the
 Heavy Brigade had joined the charge and/or if the charge had targeted the
 Russian forces on the heights instead of those in the valley. The results
 suggest that all the counterfactual attacks would have led to heavier
 British casualties. However, a charge by both brigades along the valley
 might plausibly have yielded a British victory.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 80-89 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 48 
Year: 2015 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2014.979273 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2014.979273 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:48:y:2015:i:2:p:80-89




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ta-Chien Chan 
Author-X-Name-First: Ta-Chien 
Author-X-Name-Last: Chan 
Author-Name: Pi-Ling Pai 
Author-X-Name-First: Pi-Ling 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pai 
Author-Name: Shih-Lung Shaw 
Author-X-Name-First: Shih-Lung 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shaw 
Author-Name: I-Chun Fan 
Author-X-Name-First: I-Chun 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fan 
Title: Spatiotemporal Evolution of Market Towns in the Jiangnan Area During the Ming-Qing Dynasties of China 
Abstract:
 In this article, the authors present a spatiotemporal model for
 elucidating the evolution of market towns spanning from before 1550 to
 1980. The study area, Jiangnan (i.e., current Shanghai and Suzhou cities
 area), with its flat elevation and compact river network, is the best
 place to evaluate the dynamic hierarchical change of the market towns in
 China. The population and the geographical location of each market town
 are manually extracted from a large quantity of historical literature. A
 geographical information system, spatial statistics, and the Shannon
 entropy are utilized for capturing the growth or decline of market towns
 and examining the spatial and hierarchical relationships of the market
 towns. The proposed methods can be easily extended to other historical
 research.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 90-102 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 48 
Year: 2015 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2014.995783 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2014.995783 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:48:y:2015:i:2:p:90-102




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Karl E. Ryavec 
Author-X-Name-First: Karl E. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ryavec 
Author-Name: Mark Henderson 
Author-X-Name-First: Mark 
Author-X-Name-Last: Henderson 
Title: A Core-Periphery GIS Model of the Historical Growth and Spread of Islam in China 
Abstract:
 This study presents the methodology and results of a core-periphery GIS
 model of the historical growth and spread of Islam in China based on a
 dataset of 1,774 mosques. These sites were organized into data subsets
 according to their founding dates during five major dynastic periods in
 Chinese history: Tang/Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing, and Republican. Core areas
 were identified and mapped based on where mosques clustered during each
 period. North China was the paramount core region in all periods. Not
 until the late Qing and Republican periods did the Northwest and Yunnan
 compare with North China, while coastal China never developed into a core
 area.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 103-111 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 48 
Year: 2015 
Month: 6 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2014.996273 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2014.996273 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:48:y:2015:i:2:p:103-111




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Raphael J. Nawrotzki 
Author-X-Name-First: Raphael J. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Nawrotzki 
Author-Name: Leiwen Jiang 
Author-X-Name-First: Leiwen 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jiang 
Title: Indirectly Estimating International Net Migration Flows by Age and Gender 
Abstract:
 Although data for the total number of international migrant flows is now
 available, no global dataset concerning demographic characteristics, such
 as the age and gender composition of migrant flows, exists. This article
 reports on the methods used to generate the CDM-IM dataset of age- and
 gender-specific profiles of bilateral net (not gross) migrant flows. The
 researchers employ raw data from the United Nations Global Migration
 Database and estimate net migrant flows by age and gender between two time
 points around the year 2000, accounting for various demographic processes
 (fertility, mortality). The dataset contains information on 3,713 net
 migrant flows. Validation analyses against existing datasets and the
 historical, geopolitical context demonstrate that the CDM-IM dataset is of
 reasonably high quality.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 113-127 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 48 
Year: 2015 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2014.999150 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2014.999150 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:48:y:2015:i:3:p:113-127




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sarah Genevieve Hastings 
Author-X-Name-First: Sarah Genevieve 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hastings 
Author-Name: Ian Gregory 
Author-X-Name-First: Ian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Gregory 
Author-Name: Paul Atkinson 
Author-X-Name-First: Paul 
Author-X-Name-Last: Atkinson 
Title: Explaining Geographical Variations in English Rural Infant Mortality Decline Using Place-Centered Reading 
Abstract:
 Making effective use of digital texts is one of the major challenges
 facing the humanities. This article explores a novel method of using a
 large corpus of British newspapers to help explain why three neighboring
 rural districts in England showed very different patterns of infant
 mortality decline in the second half of the nineteenth century.
 Quantitative analysis does not reveal any major differences between these
 districts that might explain this. Repeatedly querying the corpus using
 different combinations of search terms and place-names, the authors show
 significant differences in the quality of local government between these
 districts. They argue that place-centered reading, as they term this
 approach, can be used to help explain patterns found using conventional
 quantitative geographical information systems (GIS) approaches.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 128-140 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 48 
Year: 2015 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2014.995390 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2014.995390 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:48:y:2015:i:3:p:128-140




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Adam Crymble 
Author-X-Name-First: Adam 
Author-X-Name-Last: Crymble 
Title: A Comparative Approach to Identifying the Irish in Long Eighteenth-Century London 
Abstract:
 Historians seeking to identify the Irish have overwhelmingly relied upon
 nominal record linkage, thus limiting studies to periods and contexts in
 which corroborating records exist. Surname analysis provides an
 alternative: a subset of 283 Irish surnames was able to correctly isolate
 40&nbsp;percent of known Irish individuals across thousands of entries,
 which is sufficient for sampling the Irish in demographic studies. This
 conclusion was based on an analysis of 278,949 names from the London area
 in the 1841 census, and was tested and refined against 42,248 historical
 records pertaining to the poor in London between 1777 and 1820.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 141-152 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 48 
Year: 2015 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2015.1007194 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2015.1007194 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:48:y:2015:i:3:p:141-152




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Finn Hedefalk 
Author-X-Name-First: Finn 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hedefalk 
Author-Name: Lars Harrie 
Author-X-Name-First: Lars 
Author-X-Name-Last: Harrie 
Author-Name: Patrick Svensson 
Author-X-Name-First: Patrick 
Author-X-Name-Last: Svensson 
Title: Methods to Create a Longitudinal Integrated Demographic and Geographic Database on the Micro-Level 
Abstract:
 The authors develop a methodology to create databases that can be used to
 add micro-level geographic context to longitudinal historical demographic
 analyses. The method transforms geographic objects as snapshots (digitized
 from historical maps) into temporal representations of longitudinal object
 lifelines and links individuals to these geographic objects. The
 methodology is evaluated via a case study using historical data from the
 Scanian Economic Demographic Database. The authors link approximately
 53,000 individuals in five parishes for the period 1813-1914 to the
 property units in which they had lived. The results of this study are a
 unique contribution in terms of linking individuals to micro-level
 longitudinal geographic data over such long periods. Thus, these data may
 provide new knowledge for historical demographic research.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 153-173 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 48 
Year: 2015 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2015.1016645 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2015.1016645 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:48:y:2015:i:3:p:153-173




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jeffrey P. Beck 
Author-X-Name-First: Jeffrey P. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Beck 
Title: The Singularity of <italic>Areopagitica</italic> 
Abstract:
 Literary critics and historians often interpret authors and authors' works
 as more or less significant, but are reluctant to quantify those works.
 The interdisciplinary field of creativity studies, however, poses methods
 of quantifying the eminence of an author's works. This study uses four
 measures from that field (anthology entries, scholarly citations, entries
 in books of quotations, and auction sale records) and one measure from the
 fields of computational linguistics and data mining (ngrams using millions
 of books digitized by Google) to assess the eminence of John Milton's
 thirty-one prose works and their relation to his greater achievement in
 epic poetry. These measures indicate the singular eminence of
 <italic>Areopagitica</italic>, Milton's 1644 tract on the liberty of
 unlicensed printing.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 174-184 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 48 
Year: 2015 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2015.1028858 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2015.1028858 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:48:y:2015:i:3:p:174-184




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nicolas L. Ziebarth 
Author-X-Name-First: Nicolas L. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ziebarth 
Title: The Great Depression Through the Eyes of the Census of Manufactures 
Abstract:
 The author discusses a very rich resource for studying the Great
 Depression: the Censuses of Manufactures from 1929, 1931, 1933, and 1935.
 He highlights the strengths and weaknesses of this source in terms of the
 information available on the schedules and the quality of the data. In
 terms of information collected, these censuses compare favorably with the
 modern Census of Manufactures with some limitations. The author also draws
 on some published studies to argue that the records held at the National
 Archives are (in general) complete enumerations of the establishments
 existing at the time. He then conducts tests for the presence of
 measurement error and finds a limited role.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 185-194 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 48 
Year: 2015 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2015.1007195 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2015.1007195 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:48:y:2015:i:4:p:185-194




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kevin Sch�rer 
Author-X-Name-First: Kevin 
Author-X-Name-Last: Sch�rer 
Author-Name: Tatiana Penkova 
Author-X-Name-First: Tatiana 
Author-X-Name-Last: Penkova 
Author-Name: Yanshan Shi 
Author-X-Name-First: Yanshan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Shi 
Title: Standardising and Coding Birthplace Strings and Occupational Titles in the British Censuses of 1851 to 1911 
Abstract:
 This article presents a technique of standardising and coding textual
 birthplace and occupation strings in the censuses of England and Wales and
 Scotland, 1851-1911. While the approaches for the two text strings are
 different, they are both based upon the integration of computer
 technologies, mathematical methods, and expert knowledge. Both processes
 are described formally using Structured Analysis and Design Technique
 methodology. The classification of occupations is defined by two
 algorithms based on statistical decision theory in order to allocate codes
 from the original occupation strings. The method of standardising parishes
 is based on the comparison of original birthplace strings and reference
 data.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 195-213 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 48 
Year: 2015 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2015.1010028 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2015.1010028 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:48:y:2015:i:4:p:195-213




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Melinda Miller 
Author-X-Name-First: Melinda 
Author-X-Name-Last: Miller 
Title: Dawes Cards and Indian Census Data 
Abstract:
 After the passage of the Curtis Act in 1898, a Federal government
 commission was sent to Indian Territory to compile a descriptive list of
 citizens of the Five Civilized Tribes. The commissioners personally
 interviewed every tribal applicant. Key pieces of information, such as
 name, age, sex, tribal enrollment, and lineage, were recorded on cards.
 These interviews and cards provide an incredible level of detail about
 life among the Five Tribes at the turn of the century. The author
 describes the enrollment process in order to introduce social scientists
 to this unique resource. To demonstrate how the cards can be a valuable
 resource, she discusses a census sample that links Cherokee freedmen
 families across 40 years and three censuses. She then uses this data to
 analyze the consistency of the Dawes enrollment process.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 214-229 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 48 
Year: 2015 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2015.1013656 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2015.1013656 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:48:y:2015:i:4:p:214-229




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ashkan Ashkpour 
Author-X-Name-First: Ashkan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ashkpour 
Author-Name: Albert Mero�o-Pe�uela 
Author-X-Name-First: Albert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mero�o-Pe�uela 
Author-Name: Kees Mandemakers 
Author-X-Name-First: Kees 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mandemakers 
Title: The Aggregate Dutch Historical Censuses 
Abstract:
 Historical censuses have an enormous potential for research. In order to
 fully use this potential, harmonization of these censuses is essential.
 During the last decades, enormous efforts have been undertaken in
 digitizing the published aggregated outcomes of the Dutch historical
 censuses (1795-1971). Although the accessibility has been improved
 enormously, researchers must cope with hundreds of heterogeneous and
 disconnected Excel tables. As a result, the census is still for the most
 part an untapped source of information. The authors describe the main
 harmonization challenges of the census and how they work toward one
 harmonized dataset. They propose a specific approach and model in creating
 an interlinked census dataset in the Semantic Web using the Resource
 Description Framework technology.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 230-245 
Issue: 4 
Volume: 48 
Year: 2015 
Month: 10 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2015.1026009 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2015.1026009 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:48:y:2015:i:4:p:230-245




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Daniela Carrion 
Author-X-Name-First: Daniela 
Author-X-Name-Last: Carrion 
Author-Name: Federica Migliaccio 
Author-X-Name-First: Federica 
Author-X-Name-Last: Migliaccio 
Author-Name: Guido Minini 
Author-X-Name-First: Guido 
Author-X-Name-Last: Minini 
Author-Name: Cynthia Zambrano 
Author-X-Name-First: Cynthia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zambrano 
Title: From historical documents to GIS: A spatial database for medieval fiscal data in Southern Italy 
Abstract:
 The study presented in this article addresses a geographic information
 system supporting historical research, including tools for geo-referencing
 data extracted from medieval source documents. Working closely with
 historians, an effective model for fiscal and census data has been
 designed to supply them with tools for digitally archiving data from
 historical source documents in a database structure, which may suggest new
 criteria for studying and correlating information. The considered data had
 been collected from the <italic>Quaternus Declaracionum</italic> of the
 <italic>Regno di Napoli</italic> (Kingdom of Naples) and focuses on an
 area corresponding to the Principality of Taranto from 1458--1460.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 1-10 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 49 
Year: 2016 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2015.1023877 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2015.1023877 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:49:y:2016:i:1:p:1-10




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard G. Healey 
Author-X-Name-First: Richard G. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Healey 
Title: Under-enumeration, inconsistency, and bias in the U.S. Manufacturing Census 1860--1880: Case studies from the American manufacturing belt 
Abstract:
 A new typology of enumeration and tabulation errors found in the
 manuscript schedules and the published reports of the U.S. Manufacturing
 Census 1860--1880 is proposed. This is based on a review of historical and
 contemporary assessments of census accuracy and additional new findings.
 Detailed case studies of different manufacturing sectors in the rapidly
 growing city of Cleveland, Ohio, including railroad shops,
 transportation-related manufacturing, and oil refining are undertaken
 using non-census sources, as worked examples of census reporting problems,
 and comparisons are provided with cities in surrounding states.
 Significant under-enumeration, bias toward small companies, and
 inconsistent reporting (both within and between census years) emerge as
 the norm rather than the worst case scenario. The manufacturing census is
 found to be unsuitable for use in quantitative studies without extensive
 corroborating evidence of accuracy.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 11-33 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 49 
Year: 2016 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2015.1029103 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2015.1029103 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:49:y:2016:i:1:p:11-33




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lena Karlsson 
Author-X-Name-First: Lena 
Author-X-Name-Last: Karlsson 
Title: Advanced ages at death in S&#xe1;pmi during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries: With special attention to longevity among the Sami population 
Abstract:
 This article examines advanced ages at death in a historical population in
 northern Sweden between 1780 and 1900. The source material used is a set
 of data files from the Demographic Data Base at Ume&#xe5; University
 supplemented with the search tool Indiko. The belief that the Sami died at
 very old ages was tested, and life tables and values of remaining life
 expectancies at older ages were calculated. The information of the age at
 death was analysed using a model containing four levels of certainty. The
 analysis reveals that the Sami did not live to extreme ages. The analysis
 also reveals large differences between the parishes concerning extreme
 longevity and correctness of age at death.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 34-49 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 49 
Year: 2016 
Month: 1 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2015.1033581 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2015.1033581 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:49:y:2016:i:1:p:34-49




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Saskia Hin 
Author-X-Name-First: Saskia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hin 
Author-Name: Dalia A. Conde 
Author-X-Name-First: Dalia A. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Conde 
Author-Name: Adam Lenart 
Author-X-Name-First: Adam 
Author-X-Name-Last: Lenart 
Title: New light on Roman census papyri through semi-automated record linkage 
Abstract:
 The census documents from Roman Egypt form the best documentary source of
 demographic information for the Roman Empire. Earlier collections (Bagnall
 and Frier 2006; Bagnall, Frier, and Rutherford 1997) have shown that some
 individuals and households appear more than once within this body of
 evidence. This article demonstrates how semi-automated record linkage
 provides an efficient and systematic way of producing linkages between
 early historical documentary sources that are fragmentary. The process
 yielded more linkages with generally high probability values than
 previously employed linkage-by-hand methods. As the added examples show,
 semi-automated record linkage also proved to be a useful method to fill
 gaps in papyri by transferring information from one record to the other.
 As such, it provides new opportunities for papyrologists and epigraphers
 working with fragmented materials pertaining to the ancient Greco-Roman
 world.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 50-65 
Issue: 1 
Volume: 49 
Year: 2015 
Month: 2 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2015.1071226 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2015.1071226 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:49:y:2015:i:1:p:50-65




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fabian Wahl 
Author-X-Name-First: Fabian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wahl 
Title: Participative political institutions in pre-modern Europe: Introducing a new database 
Abstract:
 This article introduces and describes a new city-level data set on
 political institutions in pre-modern Europe. To be precise, it presents
 three variables reporting the prevalence of the different existing types
 of participative political institutions between AD 800 and AD 1800 in 104
 cities in central Europe (Alsace-Lorrain, Austria, Belgium, Germany, the
 Netherlands, and the German-speaking parts of Switzerland). According to
 the historical studies consulted, the three included measures (intensity
 of guild participation in the city council, participative election
 procedures, and the existence of institutionalized burgher representation)
 represent the universe of existing political institutions in cities in
 this era. This new data set is potentially useful for advancing knowledge
 in various ongoing research debates about the impact of political
 institutions and regimes on city development, the effects of guilds, the
 relationship of economic and political institutions, the debate about the
 advantages or disadvantages of city states relative to territorial states,
 and so forth.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 67-79 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 49 
Year: 2016 
Month: 4 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2015.1033582 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2015.1033582 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:49:y:2016:i:2:p:67-79




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Niall MacKay 
Author-X-Name-First: Niall 
Author-X-Name-Last: MacKay 
Author-Name: Christopher Price 
Author-X-Name-First: Christopher 
Author-X-Name-Last: Price 
Author-Name: A. Jamie Wood 
Author-X-Name-First: A. Jamie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Wood 
Title: Weighing the fog of war: Illustrating the power of Bayesian methods for historical analysis through the Battle of the Dogger Bank 
Abstract:
 The application of scientific methods to historical situations is
 restricted by the existence of a single outcome with no possibility of
 repetition. However, new computational methods make quantitative
 historical analysis possible. The authors apply methods of approximate
 Bayesian computation to simulate a naval engagement of the First World
 War, the Battle of the Dogger Bank. They demonstrate that the battle's
 outcome was highly unlikely, with significant implications both for
 subsequent actions and for historical understanding. Dogger Bank
 exemplifies the view that Bayesian methods offer historians the tool they
 need to grapple with the evolving probabilities of historical events,
 giving a sound scientific basis for counterfactual history and opening up
 a wealth of possibilities for analysis.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 80-91 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 49 
Year: 2016 
Month: 4 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2015.1072071 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2015.1072071 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:49:y:2016:i:2:p:80-91




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Turk McCleskey 
Author-X-Name-First: Turk 
Author-X-Name-Last: McCleskey 
Author-Name: James C. Squire 
Author-X-Name-First: James C. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Squire 
Title: Court-day crowds in colonial Virginia 
Abstract:
 For a generation, legal historians investigating colonial Virginia have
 emphasized the dramaturgy of court day. According to the dramaturgical
 school of interpretation, administrative and judicial activities of county
 court officials amounted to theatrical performances that simultaneously
 enforced economic order and stabilized traditional social relationships.
 Such interpretations assume a large audience routinely attended county
 courts to observe legal dramas. Often, however, only a small number of
 persons can be documented as present during court day. The independence
 theorem from probability theory suggests that the number of documentable
 attendees is a useful and easily calculated estimate for actual total
 crowd size. If so, some Virginia court sessions were attended by hundreds
 of people, while others drew only a few participants. A variety of factors
 apparently inhibited court attendance in older Virginia counties. By
 contrast, in newer frontier counties, mid-eighteenth-century revisions of
 court calendars produced heavy attendance at court day. Regardless of the
 number of people in attendance, any Virginia county court could still
 effectively enforce credit contracts.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 92-100 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 49 
Year: 2016 
Month: 4 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2015.1083409 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2015.1083409 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:49:y:2016:i:2:p:92-100




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrew D. Pritchard 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew D. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Pritchard 
Title: Governor Sir Thomas Brisbane's experiment in press freedom: A quantitative evaluation through media system dependency 
Abstract:
 The relatively isolated circumstances of colonial Australia provide a
 natural laboratory for examining the establishment of press freedom there
 in 1824. A quantitative content analysis of newspapers from 1821 to 1825,
 guided by media system dependency (MSD) theory, suggests publishers were
 more concerned with exploiting the end of their dependence on the
 government as censor than with addressing their remaining dependence on
 the government as a well-funded advertiser. Findings also reveal
 considerable variation among publications and between colonies. The
 analysis also demonstrates the value of MSD theory in historical research.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 101-114 
Issue: 2 
Volume: 49 
Year: 2016 
Month: 4 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2015.1094384 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2015.1094384 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:49:y:2016:i:2:p:101-114




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jim Clifford 
Author-X-Name-First: Jim 
Author-X-Name-Last: Clifford 
Author-Name: Beatrice Alex 
Author-X-Name-First: Beatrice 
Author-X-Name-Last: Alex 
Author-Name: Colin M. Coates 
Author-X-Name-First: Colin M. 
Author-X-Name-Last: Coates 
Author-Name: Ewan Klein 
Author-X-Name-First: Ewan 
Author-X-Name-Last: Klein 
Author-Name: Andrew Watson 
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew 
Author-X-Name-Last: Watson 
Title: Geoparsing history: Locating commodities in ten million pages of nineteenth-century sources 
Abstract:
 In the <italic>Trading Consequences</italic> project, historians,
 computational linguists, and computer scientists collaborated to develop a
 text mining system that extracts information from a vast amount of
 digitized published English-language sources from the &#x201c;long
 nineteenth century&#x201d; (1789 to 1914). The project focused on
 identifying relationships within the texts between commodities,
 geographical locations, and dates. The authors explain the methodology,
 uses, and the limitations of applying digital humanities techniques to
 historical research, and they argue that interdisciplinary approaches are
 critically important in addressing the technical challenges that arise.
 Collaborative teamwork of the kind described here has considerable
 potential to produce further advances in the large-scale analysis of
 historical documents.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 115-131 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 49 
Year: 2016 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2015.1116419 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2015.1116419 
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:49:y:2016:i:3:p:115-131




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: P&#x131;nar Ceylan 
Author-X-Name-First: P&#x131;nar 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ceylan 
Title: Ottoman inheritance inventories as a source for price history 
Abstract:
 Ottoman historians have been severely limited by the availability and
 quality of primary sources from which historical prices can be compiled.
 This article stresses the potential of inheritance inventories for
 expanding the field of Ottoman price history and provides a detailed
 examination of the quality of the valuations in these sources. The results
 strongly suggest that inventory valuations are generally consistent and
 were closely related to the conventional prices of the time. Building upon
 these findings, it is reasonable to assume that the prices contained in
 Ottoman inheritance inventories can be reliably employed for historical
 research.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 132-144 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 49 
Year: 2016 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2016.1168273 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2016.1168273 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:49:y:2016:i:3:p:132-144




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Avni &#xd6;nder Hanedar 
Author-X-Name-First: Avni &#xd6;nder 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hanedar 
Author-Name: Elmas Yald&#x131;z Hanedar 
Author-X-Name-First: Elmas Yald&#x131;z 
Author-X-Name-Last: Hanedar 
Author-Name: Erdost Torun 
Author-X-Name-First: Erdost 
Author-X-Name-Last: Torun 
Title: The end of the Ottoman Empire as reflected in the &#x130;stanbul bourse 
Abstract:
 The Ottoman Empire faced catastrophic events during its period of
 dissolution which started with the First World War. At the end of this
 war, the Ottoman lands were shared by the Allied forces. As a reaction to
 this occupation, the Turkish War of Independence started in 1919 and
 finished in 1923. The authors aim to examine how these events were
 reflected in the &#x130;stanbul bourse, using Ottoman government bond
 prices data between 1918 and 1925. Econometric methodology of Carla Inclan
 and George Tiao (1994) identifies several break points, which imply a
 lower risk for the repayment of the bonds during the end of the First
 World War and the Turkish War of Independence.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 145-156 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 49 
Year: 2016 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2015.1118365 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2015.1118365 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:49:y:2016:i:3:p:145-156




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Raaj Tiagi 
Author-X-Name-First: Raaj 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tiagi 
Title: Economic gains from migration to the urban western frontier in the United States, 1900--1910: A longitudinal analysis 
Abstract:
 During the early twentieth century, cities along the Pacific coast
 constituted the new urban frontier. This article examines whether internal
 migrants gained economically by moving to this new urban frontier,
 relative to an option of not migrating, or an option of migrating to the
 established cities in the Midwest and the Northeast. For the analysis, a
 longitudinal data set was constructed by linking individuals from the 1910
 IPUMS sample to the 1900 Census through the genealogy website, <ext-link
 xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri"
 xlink:href="http://Ancestry.com">Ancestry.com</ext-link>. Results suggest
 that compared to an option of not migrating, there were significant
 economic gains to migrating to the urban western frontier. However,
 migrants to the Midwest and the Northeast gained about the same,
 economically, as migrants to the urban western frontier.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 157-168 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 49 
Year: 2016 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2016.1145564 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2016.1145564 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:49:y:2016:i:3:p:157-168




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Daniel Jaquet 
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Jaquet 
Author-Name: Alice Bonnefoy Mazure 
Author-X-Name-First: Alice 
Author-X-Name-Last: Bonnefoy Mazure 
Author-Name: St&#xe9;phane Armand 
Author-X-Name-First: St&#xe9;phane 
Author-X-Name-Last: Armand 
Author-Name: Caecilia Charbonnier 
Author-X-Name-First: Caecilia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Charbonnier 
Author-Name: Jean-Luc Ziltener 
Author-X-Name-First: Jean-Luc 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ziltener 
Author-Name: Bengt Kayser 
Author-X-Name-First: Bengt 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kayser 
Title: Range of motion and energy cost of locomotion of the late medieval armoured fighter: A proof of concept of confronting the medieval technical literature with modern movement analysis 
Abstract:
 Study of technical, normative, and narrative medieval literature and of
 archaeological pieces allows the motor skills of armoured members of the
 aristocracy to be outlined but not quantified. The authors present novel
 data on the impact of wearing armour on both the freedom of movement and
 the energy cost of locomotion, and confront the results to systematic
 analysis of medieval written sources. An accurate harness replica realized
 in an informed archaeological experimental way, close to medieval material
 and manufacturing conditions, was used for the experiments. Measurements
 of the energy cost of locomotion in and out of armour were taken during
 walking and running on a treadmill. Gait analysis and range of motion of
 joints were performed with 3-D kinematics. The results indicated an
 increase in the energy cost of locomotion in slight excess to the added
 weight and for most movements studied reductions in the range of motion
 over the joint, potentially to the advantage of the wearer during combat.
 This proof of concept appears promising for further study in this field of
 scholarly endeavor.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 
Pages: 169-186 
Issue: 3 
Volume: 49 
Year: 2016 
Month: 7 
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2015.1112753 
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2015.1112753 
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. 
Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:49:y:2016:i:3:p:169-186




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Catherine G. Massey
Author-X-Name-First: Catherine G.
Author-X-Name-Last: Massey
Title: Playing with matches: An assessment of accuracy in linked historical data
Abstract: 
 This article evaluates linkage quality achieved by various record linkage techniques used in historical demography. The author creates benchmark, or truth, data by linking the 2005 Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement to the Social Security Administration's numeric identification system by social security number. By comparing simulated linkages to the benchmark data, she examines the value added (in terms of number and quality of links) from incorporating text-string comparators, adjusting age, and using a probabilistic matching algorithm. She finds that text-string comparators and probabilistic approaches are useful for increasing the linkage rate, but use of text-string comparators may decrease accuracy in some cases. Overall, probabilistic matching offers the best balance between linkage rates and accuracy.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 129-143
Issue: 3
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2017.1288598
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2017.1288598
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:50:y:2017:i:3:p:129-143




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Simone A. Wegge
Author-X-Name-First: Simone A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wegge
Author-Name: Tyler Anbinder
Author-X-Name-First: Tyler
Author-X-Name-Last: Anbinder
Author-Name: Cormac Ó Gráda
Author-X-Name-First: Cormac
Author-X-Name-Last: Ó Gráda
Title: Immigrants and savers: A rich new database on the Irish in 1850s New York
Abstract: 
 A new dataset created from the first 18,000 savings accounts opened (from 1850 to 1858) at the Emigrant Industrial Savings Bank in New York City is described. The bank was founded by Irish Americans, and most of its depositors in its first decade of operations were recent Irish immigrants. The data offer a unique window on both savings behavior by the poor and not-so-poor in antebellum New York and on how emigrants who came primarily from rural parts of Ireland adapted to urban life. They also contain much that is new on the regional origins of mid-nineteenth century Irish immigrants and on their settlement patterns in New York.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 144-155
Issue: 3
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2017.1319773
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2017.1319773
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:50:y:2017:i:3:p:144-155




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrew McKenzie-McHarg
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew
Author-X-Name-Last: McKenzie-McHarg
Author-Name: Rolf Fredheim
Author-X-Name-First: Rolf
Author-X-Name-Last: Fredheim
Title: Cock-ups and slap-downs: A quantitative analysis of conspiracy rhetoric in the British Parliament 1916–2015
Abstract: 
 In view of the negative connotations associated with conspiracy theories, what have been the effects of the term's entry into popular vocabulary in the second half of the twentieth century? Has the ascendancy of the term “conspiracy theory” been correlated with a reluctance to allege conspiracy? In this article, the authors use Hansard, the record of British parliamentary debates, as a source of empirical data in demonstrating a significant and steady reduction in the number of conspiracy claims advanced in parliament; a pattern consistent with the broader marginalization of conspiracy rhetoric. This trend was reinforced by a trope that established itself in the 1980s and juxtaposed “conspiracies” with “cock-ups.” The British expression “cock-up” denotes a blunder or act of incompetence. In the second part of this article, the authors argue that the preference for “cock-up theories” over “conspiracy theories” reflects how a policy geared towards privatization and deregulation tended to characterize government action in terms of incompetence, and not of malfeasance.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 156-169
Issue: 3
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2017.1320616
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2017.1320616
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:50:y:2017:i:3:p:156-169




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Vincent Geloso
Author-X-Name-First: Vincent
Author-X-Name-Last: Geloso
Author-Name: Michael Hinton
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Hinton
Author-Name: Vadim Kufenko
Author-X-Name-First: Vadim
Author-X-Name-Last: Kufenko
Title: The equally “bad” French and English farmers of Quebec: New TFP measures from the 1831 census
Abstract: 
 New TFP estimates drawn from the neglected census of 1831 for Lower Canada are used to test the controversial (but still dominant) traditional “poor French farmers” explanation for a prolonged economic crisis. The new evidence shows that French-speaking areas were equally as productive as English-speaking areas, something that upturns the established consensus and reinforces the minority viewpoint that culture had little to do with the crisis. Using a broad range of controls, the researchers find that this conclusion is robust and that other variables such as settlement recency, environment, and economic structure were much more significant determinants of TFP. These results warrant the abandonment of the cultural explanation and a shift toward other explanatory channels.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 170-189
Issue: 3
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2017.1326861
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2017.1326861
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:50:y:2017:i:3:p:170-189




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Patrick W. Hayes
Author-X-Name-First: Patrick W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hayes
Author-Name: J. A. Matthews
Author-X-Name-First: J. A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Matthews
Author-Name: Bernard Allaire
Author-X-Name-First: Bernard
Author-X-Name-Last: Allaire
Author-Name: Poul Holm
Author-X-Name-First: Poul
Author-X-Name-Last: Holm
Title: European naval diets in the sixteenth century: A quantitative method for comparative and nutritional analysis
Abstract: 
 This paper develops and utilizes novel methods that combine historical records concerning the diets of European naval mariners in the sixteenth century with modern information on the nutritional content of food. Energy, vitamin, and mineral intakes were compared to modern recommended values. Calorie provisions were sufficient and relatively constant in all Western European fleets. The absence of vitamin C was a universal failure of the naval diet. The limiting factor to variety and balance in the naval diet was the demands of preservation with limited technology. Fish declined in importance between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries while beef increased in importance. A database structure that allows for calculation of nutritional information was designed and utilized in this research and is provided online for future reference and calculation of diets.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 195-212
Issue: 4
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2019.1580170
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2019.1580170
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:52:y:2019:i:4:p:195-212




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maciej Bukowski
Author-X-Name-First: Maciej
Author-X-Name-Last: Bukowski
Author-Name: Piotr Koryś
Author-X-Name-First: Piotr
Author-X-Name-Last: Koryś
Author-Name: Cecylia Leszczyńska
Author-X-Name-First: Cecylia
Author-X-Name-Last: Leszczyńska
Author-Name: Maciej Tymiński
Author-X-Name-First: Maciej
Author-X-Name-Last: Tymiński
Author-Name: Nikolaus Wolf
Author-X-Name-First: Nikolaus
Author-X-Name-Last: Wolf
Title: Urbanization and GDP per capita: New data and results for the Polish lands, 1790–1910
Abstract: 
 Polish lands in 19th century are usually located in the economic peripheries of Europe. However there are no usable datasets of Polish GDP for this period to verify this hypothesis. The main problem is lack of reliable and comparable macroeconomic data from country divided between Russia, Austria and Prussia. The main goal of this research was to propose the method based on the urbanization data set to estimate the GDP of Polish territories and to verify the hypothesis on the peripheral development of Polish lands. In result the new estimates on GDP per capita were established, that allowed to confirm the hypothesis of semi-peripheral development of Polish territories in 19th century and slow process of catching-up with the core economies.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 213-227
Issue: 4
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2019.1580171
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2019.1580171
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Benito Zaragozí
Author-X-Name-First: Benito
Author-X-Name-Last: Zaragozí
Author-Name: Pablo Giménez-Font
Author-X-Name-First: Pablo
Author-X-Name-Last: Giménez-Font
Author-Name: Antonio Belda-Antolí
Author-X-Name-First: Antonio
Author-X-Name-Last: Belda-Antolí
Author-Name: Alfredo Ramón-Morte
Author-X-Name-First: Alfredo
Author-X-Name-Last: Ramón-Morte
Title: A graph-based analysis for generating geographical context from a historical cadastre in Spain (17th and 18th centuries)
Abstract: 
 The cabreves are notarial documents prepared between the 13th and 19th centuries in the Catalan and Valencian regions of Spain. These historical records were published before the first cadastral maps and contain geographical information that could help spatially reconstruct historical landscapes. However, these documents have not been used to their full potential mainly because of their semi-structured and complex nature. In this article, we propose a new graph-based interactive methodology for partially reconstructing historical landscapes. We have successfully applied this methodology for reconstructing the historical landscape of the Barony of Sella in the 18th century and the methodology has also helped us locate “El Poblet,” a previously unknown archeological site abandoned after the expulsion of the Moriscos in 1609.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 228-243
Issue: 4
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2019.1590269
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2019.1590269
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mike Hollingshaus
Author-X-Name-First: Mike
Author-X-Name-Last: Hollingshaus
Author-Name: Rebecca Utz
Author-X-Name-First: Rebecca
Author-X-Name-Last: Utz
Author-Name: Ryan Schacht
Author-X-Name-First: Ryan
Author-X-Name-Last: Schacht
Author-Name: Ken R. Smith
Author-X-Name-First: Ken R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Smith
Title: Sex ratios and life tables: Historical demography of the age at which women outnumber men in seven countries, 1850–2016
Abstract: 
 The male/female sex ratio (SR) and its age-specific patterns vary considerably across time and place. The SR generally begins male-biased at birth and becomes female-biased later in life, but this relationship should respond to historical trends and events. Temporal trends in SRs remain largely unstudied and formal demographic relationships are not well defined. We (1) define SRs in a life table framework, (2) estimate the age at which the number of males and females achieves parity—the sex ratio crossover (SRX)—using basic life table methods, and (3) explore historical and international patterns in these trends. Using publicly-available data from the Human Mortality Database, we construct SR and SRX measures from period and cohort life tables. Analyses explore temporal patterns for seven countries in different global regions since 1850. Overall temporal trends show the SRX advancing to older ages. The SRX also appears to respond to historical events such as wars and epidemics. The measure is simple to construct from life table data, and provides additional insight into the historical context of gender dynamics.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 244-253
Issue: 4
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2019.1605863
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2019.1605863
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kim Abildgren
Author-X-Name-First: Kim
Author-X-Name-Last: Abildgren
Title: Trends in real wages in Denmark since the Late Middle Ages
Abstract: 
 This article constructs long-span time series indices on wages in Denmark and explores the growth in living standards in the pre-industrial era. There were several persistent upward and downward trends in real annual earnings from 1500 to 1820, but no clear upward long-term trend. This finding seems hard to reconcile with Maddison's figure for the average annual growth in real GDP per capita in Denmark (0.17%) over the same period. This is the case, even if the growth rate in pre-industrial annual earnings is underestimated by 0.05%–0.06% per annum due to an increased number of working days.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 67-78
Issue: 2
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2016.1237862
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2016.1237862
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:50:y:2017:i:2:p:67-78




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dora L. Costa
Author-X-Name-First: Dora L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Costa
Author-Name: Heather DeSomer
Author-X-Name-First: Heather
Author-X-Name-Last: DeSomer
Author-Name: Eric Hanss
Author-X-Name-First: Eric
Author-X-Name-Last: Hanss
Author-Name: Christopher Roudiez
Author-X-Name-First: Christopher
Author-X-Name-Last: Roudiez
Author-Name: Sven E. Wilson
Author-X-Name-First: Sven E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wilson
Author-Name: Noelle Yetter
Author-X-Name-First: Noelle
Author-X-Name-Last: Yetter
Title: Union Army veterans, all grown up
Abstract: 
 This article overviews the research opportunities made possible by a National Institute on Aging-funded program project, Early Indicators, Intergenerational Processes, and Aging. Data collection began almost three decades ago on 40,000 soldiers from the Union Army in the U.S. Civil War. The sample contains extensive demographic, economic, and medical data from childhood to death. In recent years, a large sample of African-American soldiers and an oversampling of soldiers from major U.S. cities have been added. Hundreds of historical maps containing public health data have been geocoded to place soldiers and their family members in a geospatial context. With newly granted funding, thousands of veterans will be linked to the demographic information available from the census and vital records of their children.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 79-95
Issue: 2
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2016.1250022
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2016.1250022
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Farley Grubb
Author-X-Name-First: Farley
Author-X-Name-Last: Grubb
Title: Colonial Virginia's paper money regime, 1755–74: A forensic accounting reconstruction of the data
Abstract: 
 In this article, the author reconstructs the data on Virginia's paper money regime using forensic accounting techniques. He corrects the existing data on the amounts authorized and outstanding, and reconstructs yearly data on previously unknown aspects of Virginia's paper money regime, including printings, net new emissions, redemptions and removals, denominational structures, expected redemption tax revenues, and specie accumulating in the treasury for paper money redemption. These new data form the foundation for narratives written on the social, economic, and political history of Virginia, as well as for testing models of colonial paper money performance.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 96-112
Issue: 2
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2016.1256241
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2016.1256241
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:50:y:2017:i:2:p:96-112




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Peter Ekamper
Author-X-Name-First: Peter
Author-X-Name-Last: Ekamper
Author-Name: Govert Bijwaard
Author-X-Name-First: Govert
Author-X-Name-Last: Bijwaard
Author-Name: Frans van Poppel
Author-X-Name-First: Frans
Author-X-Name-Last: van Poppel
Author-Name: L. H. Lumey
Author-X-Name-First: L. H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Lumey
Title: War-related excess mortality in The Netherlands, 1944–45: New estimates of famine- and non-famine-related deaths from national death records
Abstract: 
 Despite there being several estimates for famine-related deaths in the west of The Netherlands during the last stage of World War II, no such information exists for war-related excess mortality among the civilian population from other areas of the country. Previously unavailable data files from Statistics Netherlands allow researchers to estimate the number of war-related excess deaths during the last stage of the war in the whole country. This study uses a seasonal-adjusted mortality model combined with a difference-in-difference approach to estimate the number of excess deaths in the period between January 1944 and July 1945 at a total of close to 91,000 (75%) excess deaths. Almost half of all war-related excess mortality during the last year of the war occurred outside the west.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 113-128
Issue: 2
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2017.1285260
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2017.1285260
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Scott Alan Carson
Author-X-Name-First: Scott Alan
Author-X-Name-Last: Carson
Title: The weight of nineteenth century Mexicans in the Western United States
Abstract: 
 When traditional methods for measuring economic welfare are scarce or unreliable, heights and BMIs are now well-accepted measurements that represent biological conditions during economic development. Weight, after controlling for height, is an additional measure for current net nutrition. Little is known about how weights varied among Mexicans living in the nineteenth century American West. Between 1870 and 1920, average Mexican weight was low and remained constant. Mexican farmers had the heaviest weights, and unskilled worker weights were low. Weight of Mexican-born individuals were higher than Mexicans born in the United States at low weights but lower at high weights. For combined characteristics, weight varied the most with age, an uncontrollable characteristic, indicating that nineteenth century Mexican current net nutrition varied the most with factors over which they had no control.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 1-12
Issue: 1
Volume: 51
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2017.1393357
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2017.1393357
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mikołaj Szołtysek
Author-X-Name-First: Mikołaj
Author-X-Name-Last: Szołtysek
Author-Name: R. Poniat
Author-X-Name-First: R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Poniat
Author-Name: S. Gruber
Author-X-Name-First: S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Gruber
Title: Age heaping patterns in Mosaic data
Abstract: 
 This paper analyzes the extent and nature of age-misreporting in the Mosaic data, currently one of the largest historical census microdata infrastructures for continental Europe. We use demographic measures known as the age heaping indexes to explore regional, periodic and sex-specific patterns of age misreporting across 115 Mosaic regional datafiles, from Catalonia to Moscow, during Europe's demographic ancien régime and thereafter. The paper's second significant contribution is the comparison of Mosaic-based results to those derived from two other big census data projects—IPUMS and NAPP. Beyond this exploratory data analysis, we also investigate possible sources of variation in age heaping across Mosaic data by examining how it relates to variability in socioeconomic, institutional, and environmental conditions. Overall, our systematic inquiry into quality of age reporting in Mosaic consolidates the project's potentially transformative role in comparative historical family demography and suggests some avenues for future research.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 13-38
Issue: 1
Volume: 51
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2017.1393359
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2017.1393359
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Taylor Jaworski
Author-X-Name-First: Taylor
Author-X-Name-Last: Jaworski
Author-Name: Gregory T. Niemesh
Author-X-Name-First: Gregory T.
Author-X-Name-Last: Niemesh
Title: Revisiting the Great Compression: Wage inequality in the United States, 1940–1960
Abstract: 
 Seminal work by Goldin and Margo (1992) used the first available microdata samples of the United States decennial census to document the narrowing of the wage structure between 1940 and 1960, a pattern they refer to as the “Great Compression.” We revisit their findings using newly available, substantially enlarged samples of the decennial censuses covering this period. Our findings largely replicate the patterns initially reported by Goldin and Margo. However, differences emerge when estimating rates of return to education and experience for specific groups and in a decomposition exercise. A second goal is to indicate directions for future research that might benefit from the use of the complete count census data.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 39-48
Issue: 1
Volume: 51
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2017.1393360
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2017.1393360
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Matthew J. Baker
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Baker
Title: Was Civil War surgery effective?
Abstract: 
 During the U.S. Civil War surgeons performed a vast number of surgeries. Whether surgery increased wounded soldiers’ chances of survival has been debated ever since. I analyze a unique observational data set gathered by Dr. Edmund Andrews, a surgeon with the 1st Illinois Light Artillery. I use Dr. Andrews’s data, model selection tools, and doubly robust estimation methods to estimate treatment effects from surgery. I find that surgery increased wounded soldiers’ chances of survival by 0.09–0.16, depending on the specific model of surgical procedure.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 49-61
Issue: 1
Volume: 51
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2017.1408440
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2017.1408440
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christophe Mimeur
Author-X-Name-First: Christophe
Author-X-Name-Last: Mimeur
Author-Name: François Queyroi
Author-X-Name-First: François
Author-X-Name-Last: Queyroi
Author-Name: Arnaud Banos
Author-X-Name-First: Arnaud
Author-X-Name-Last: Banos
Author-Name: Thomas Thévenin
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas
Author-X-Name-Last: Thévenin
Title: Revisiting the structuring effect of transportation infrastructure: An empirical approach with the French railway network from 1860 to 1910
Abstract: 
 The development of the French railway network was mostly planned in a centralized manner. Despite the multiplication of travel opportunities, the local impact on the demographics is often given as an indirect effect of this spatial transformation. However, this “structuring effect” is still subject to controversies within the academia.In this paper, we construct a historical geographic information system describing the evolution of the French network. We use it to compute accessibility measures based on network access and travel durations. We first observe that the network growth indeed achieved the various planning goals in terms of functional accessibility. We then present further evidences that the “structuring effect” of the train network on cities demographics is very limited if not null.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 65-81
Issue: 2
Volume: 51
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2017.1393358
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2017.1393358
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:51:y:2018:i:2:p:65-81




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nicolas Todd
Author-X-Name-First: Nicolas
Author-X-Name-Last: Todd
Author-Name: Alain-Jacques Valleron
Author-X-Name-First: Alain-Jacques
Author-X-Name-Last: Valleron
Author-Name: Pierre Bougnères
Author-X-Name-First: Pierre
Author-X-Name-Last: Bougnères
Title: The naming of orphans in France during World War One: A study of a nationwide cohort of pupilles de la Nation
Abstract: 
 The investigation of a simple behavior, child naming, can provide insights into the varying reactions of families confronted by the extraordinary war losses of the First World War. The current study analyses names given in a large cohort of French orphans born 1914–1916, constructed thanks to the linkage of civil registers with a nationwide database of soldiers who died during the War. It shows that a prenatal loss of father was associated with a strong increase in father's name transmission. The phenomenon was twice as intense in officers' offspring. Regression analysis suggests the precise timing of the father's death controlled this change in naming behavior: father's name transmission was at a maximum when the father died at the very beginning of pregnancy.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 82-91
Issue: 2
Volume: 51
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2018.1425171
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2018.1425171
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:51:y:2018:i:2:p:82-91




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fabian Class
Author-X-Name-First: Fabian
Author-X-Name-Last: Class
Author-Name: Ulrich Kohler
Author-X-Name-First: Ulrich
Author-X-Name-Last: Kohler
Author-Name: Marian Krawietz
Author-X-Name-First: Marian
Author-X-Name-Last: Krawietz
Title: The Potsdam Grievance Statistics File. New data on quality of life and political participation for the German Democratic Republic 1970–1989
Abstract: 
 The newly collected “Potsdam Grievance Statistics File” (PGSF) holds data on the number and topics of grievances (“Eingaben”) that were addressed to local authorities of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) in the years 1970 to 1989. The PGSF allows quantitative analyses on topics such as participation, quality of life, and value change in the German Democratic Republic. This paper introduces the concepts of the data set and discusses the validity of its contents.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 92-114
Issue: 2
Volume: 51
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2018.1429970
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2018.1429970
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:51:y:2018:i:2:p:92-114




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kerstin Enflo
Author-X-Name-First: Kerstin
Author-X-Name-Last: Enflo
Author-Name: Anna Missiaia
Author-X-Name-First: Anna
Author-X-Name-Last: Missiaia
Title: Regional GDP estimates for Sweden, 1571–1850
Abstract: 
 This paper provides regional GDP estimates for the 24 Swedish regions (NUTS-3) for the benchmark year 1571 and for 11 ten-year benchmarks for the period 1750–1850. The 1571 estimates are based on tax sources and agricultural statistics. The 1750–1850 estimates are produced following the widely used methodology by Geary and Stark (2002): labour force figures from population censuses at regional level are used to allocate to regions the national estimates of agriculture, industry and services while wages are used to correct for productivity differentials. By connecting our series to the existing ones by Enflo, Henning, and Schön (2014) for the period 1860–2010, we are able to produce the longest set of regional GDP series to date for any single country.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 115-137
Issue: 2
Volume: 51
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2018.1429971
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2018.1429971
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:51:y:2018:i:2:p:115-137




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Simon Abernethy
Author-X-Name-First: Simon
Author-X-Name-Last: Abernethy
Title: Deceptive data? The role of the investigators in the New Survey of London Life and Labour 1928–32
Abstract: 
 The data collected by the New Survey of London Life and Labour between 1928 and 1932 is one of the most significant resources of detailed household information for the interwar period, with data extracted for almost 30,000 households, providing detailed information including birthplaces, hours of work, and wages. This article assesses the process of the original data collection, highlighting issues that mean users of the extracted data must proceed with a measure of caution. In particular, it demonstrates that one investigator employed by the survey, who provided information for around a fifth of households, appears to have regularly submitted generic and estimated information that problematizes the dataset.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 1-15
Issue: 1
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2016.1182879
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2016.1182879
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Francesco Scalone
Author-X-Name-First: Francesco
Author-X-Name-Last: Scalone
Author-Name: Martin Dribe
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Dribe
Title: Testing child-woman ratios and the own-children method on the 1900 Sweden census: Examples of indirect fertility estimates by socioeconomic status in a historical population
Abstract: 
 Focusing on the Swedish census of 1900, the child-woman ratio and own-children method have been applied to assess socioeconomic differences in fertility. These indirect estimates of fertility have been compared to the vital statistics at the national level to assess their reliability. This comparison demonstrated that the estimated results suffered from few errors. Even if these indirect estimates of fertility could be affected by possible socioeconomic differences in mortality, the tests show that at least in the Swedish case, the impact of mortality on the indirect measures is limited. As infant mortality differences by socioeconomic status are relatively small, indirect fertility estimates are mainly affected by differences in reproductive behavior.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 16-29
Issue: 1
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2016.1219687
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2016.1219687
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Béatrice Dedinger
Author-X-Name-First: Béatrice
Author-X-Name-Last: Dedinger
Author-Name: Paul Girard
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Girard
Title: Exploring trade globalization in the long run: The RICardo project
Abstract: 
 Initiated in 2004, the RICardo project focuses on bilateral trade data of all the world's countries from the early nineteenth century to the eve of the Second World War. The project includes the construction of a database and the creation of a website. It is a pioneering work in the field of historical trade statistics that aims at providing easy-to-access research material to the scientific community and at attracting a wider public to the history of trade relationships. The article emphasizes the originality of the project and sums up its various aspects by reviewing previous trade databases, clarifying the main features of historical trade statistics, and describing the construction and use of the RICardo website.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 30-48
Issue: 1
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2016.1220269
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2016.1220269
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anne Bretagnolle
Author-X-Name-First: Anne
Author-X-Name-Last: Bretagnolle
Author-Name: Alain Franc
Author-X-Name-First: Alain
Author-X-Name-Last: Franc
Title: Emergence of an integrated city-system in France (XVIIth–XIXth centuries): Evidence from toolset in graph theory
Abstract: 
 In this article, the authors discuss the emergence of an integrated city-system in France one century before the Industrial Revolution, starting from two different databases, the postal roads relays and the cities and towns populations, between 1632 and 1833. They first model historical distances, weighted by elevation and connectivity (measured as a conductance). A major transformation of inter-urban exchange space is then enlightened, with new roads systematically privileged in the northern part of France and the largest cities, but avoiding mountains. They then study territorial integration processes on two different scales: the national, with the diffusion of hubs (characterized by a high betweenness centrality) all over French territory, and the regional, with the emergence of regional city-systems (modeled by a Reilly equation) in the northern part of France. The role of medium-sized cities as necessary links for connecting local and national scales is emphasized in most results.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 49-65
Issue: 1
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2016.1237915
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2016.1237915
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nello Cristianini
Author-X-Name-First: Nello
Author-X-Name-Last: Cristianini
Author-Name: Thomas Lansdall-Welfare
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas
Author-X-Name-Last: Lansdall-Welfare
Author-Name: Gaetano Dato
Author-X-Name-First: Gaetano
Author-X-Name-Last: Dato
Title: Large-scale content analysis of historical newspapers in the town of Gorizia 1873–1914
Abstract: 
 We have digitised a corpus of Italian newspapers published in 1873–1914 in Gorizia, the county town of an area in the North Adriatic at the crossroad of the Latin, Slavic and Germanic civilizations, then part of the Habsburg Empire and now divided between Italy and Slovenia. This new corpus (of 47,466 pages) is analysed along with a comparable set of local Slovenian newspapers, already digitised by the Slovenian National Library. This large and multilingual effort in digital humanities reveals the statistical traces of events and ideas that shaped a remarkable place and period. The emerging picture is one of rapid cultural, social and technological transformation, and of rising national awareness, combining the larger European pattern with uniquely local aspects.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 139-164
Issue: 3
Volume: 51
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2018.1443862
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2018.1443862
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:51:y:2018:i:3:p:139-164




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Peter N. Peregrine
Author-X-Name-First: Peter N.
Author-X-Name-Last: Peregrine
Author-Name: Rob Brennan
Author-X-Name-First: Rob
Author-X-Name-Last: Brennan
Author-Name: Thomas Currie
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas
Author-X-Name-Last: Currie
Author-Name: Kevin Feeney
Author-X-Name-First: Kevin
Author-X-Name-Last: Feeney
Author-Name: Pieter François
Author-X-Name-First: Pieter
Author-X-Name-Last: François
Author-Name: Peter Turchin
Author-X-Name-First: Peter
Author-X-Name-Last: Turchin
Author-Name: Harvey Whitehouse
Author-X-Name-First: Harvey
Author-X-Name-Last: Whitehouse
Title: Dacura: A new solution to data harvesting and knowledge extraction for the historical sciences
Abstract: 
 New advances in computer science address problems historical scientists face in gathering and evaluating the now vast data sources available through the Internet. As an example we introduce Dacura, a dataset curation platform designed to assist historical researchers in harvesting, evaluating, and curating high-quality information sets from the Internet and other sources. Dacura uses semantic knowledge graph technology to represent data as complex, inter-related knowledge allowing rapid search and retrieval of highly specific data without the need of a lookup table. Dacura automates the generation of tools to help non-experts curate high quality knowledge bases over time and to integrate data from multiple sources into its curated knowledge model. Together these features allow rapid harvesting and automated evaluation of Internet resources. We provide an example of Dacura in practice as the software employed to populate and manage the Seshat databank.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 165-174
Issue: 3
Volume: 51
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2018.1443863
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2018.1443863
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:51:y:2018:i:3:p:165-174




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Péter Szabó
Author-X-Name-First: Péter
Author-X-Name-Last: Szabó
Author-Name: Silvie Suchánková
Author-X-Name-First: Silvie
Author-X-Name-Last: Suchánková
Author-Name: Lucie Křížová
Author-X-Name-First: Lucie
Author-X-Name-Last: Křížová
Author-Name: Martin Kotačka
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Kotačka
Author-Name: Martina Kvardová
Author-X-Name-First: Martina
Author-X-Name-Last: Kvardová
Author-Name: Martin Macek
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Macek
Author-Name: Jana Müllerová
Author-X-Name-First: Jana
Author-X-Name-Last: Müllerová
Author-Name: Rudolf Brázdil
Author-X-Name-First: Rudolf
Author-X-Name-Last: Brázdil
Title: More than trees: The challenges of creating a geodatabase to capture the complexity of forest history
Abstract: 
 European forests have been copiously documented for centuries. However, forest-related archival sources were rarely utilised to their full potential, mainly because of the difficulties in producing compatible data from large amounts of very different sources. Furthermore, analysing such data for larger areas in high resolution was hardly possible prior to the emergence of historical GIS. This paper presents the geodatabase of the LONGWOOD project, which includes tens of thousands of pieces of information on forest history from the 11th to the 20th century for 3,567 townships in the eastern Czech Republic (c. 27,000 km2). The paper describes the challenges we met, briefly summarizes the results, evaluates the database in a worldwide context and introduces possible directions for future research.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 175-189
Issue: 3
Volume: 51
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2018.1444523
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2018.1444523
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:51:y:2018:i:3:p:175-189




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joan Pau Jordà
Author-X-Name-First: Joan Pau
Author-X-Name-Last: Jordà
Author-Name: Jose Ameijeiras-Alonso
Author-X-Name-First: Jose
Author-X-Name-Last: Ameijeiras-Alonso
Author-Name: Joana Maria Pujadas-Mora
Author-X-Name-First: Joana Maria
Author-X-Name-Last: Pujadas-Mora
Title: Chronicle of an early demise, surname extinction in the fifteenth and the seventeenth centuries
Abstract: 
 It has been amply demonstrated that individuals' reproductive capability is the key explanatory phenomenon for understanding onomastic disappearance during the early modern period. This article analyzes the evolution and consequences of surname extinction in a specific population: Catalonia in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. In this article two aspects are examined. First, the observed disappearance of surnames is estimated through historical data collected in the Llibres d'Esposalles (Marriage Books) from 1481 to 1600 at Barcelona Cathedral. Second, the estimated natural extinction of those surnames registered in 1481 is forecast by applying a statistical branching process.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 190-201
Issue: 3
Volume: 51
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2018.1462747
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2018.1462747
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:51:y:2018:i:3:p:190-201




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Manuel Perez-Garcia
Author-X-Name-First: Manuel
Author-X-Name-Last: Perez-Garcia
Title: Consumption of Chinese goods in southwestern Europe: a multi-relational database and the vicarious consumption theory as alternative model to the industrious revolution (eighteenth century)
Abstract: 
 This article discusses the application of new technologies, software coding and computer analysis in the social sciences and humanities, mainly in the field of economic history. In the last two decades, the use of new computer technologies among historians to develop theories and solve questions has fostered a vibrant historiographical debate. However, these new digital tools have largely been used as an end in themselves, rather than as a means to develop hypotheses and answer questions. This has prevented researchers from fully exploiting such technologies in their field. In this article, I discuss how I designed a new multi-relational database using the “Access” package and SQL language to test the “industrious revolution” hypothesis and present the “vicarious consumption” theory as an alternative model for analyzing the eighteenth-century circulation of Chinese goods in the Western Mediterranean region. It presents the cross-referencing method I used to analyze the historical information I collected, mainly from probate inventories and trade records. This method makes it possible to navigate through the data in a way that goes beyond the traditional use of “excel” tables.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 15-36
Issue: 1
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2018.1523695
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2018.1523695
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mikko Tolonen
Author-X-Name-First: Mikko
Author-X-Name-Last: Tolonen
Author-Name: Leo Lahti
Author-X-Name-First: Leo
Author-X-Name-Last: Lahti
Author-Name: Hege Roivainen
Author-X-Name-First: Hege
Author-X-Name-Last: Roivainen
Author-Name: Jani Marjanen
Author-X-Name-First: Jani
Author-X-Name-Last: Marjanen
Title: A Quantitative Approach to Book-Printing in Sweden and Finland, 1640–1828
Abstract: 
 Several cities in Sweden have been providing book-printing facilities since the 1640s. In our quantitative and explorative analysis of library catalogs from the National Library of Sweden and the National Library of Finland we identify the general trends in publishing, how book-printing has been affected by political events, and how printing developed at different paces in different parts of the realm. We have developed a new method for analyzing the totality of publishing through extensive data harmonization and comprehensive statistical analysis, and by treating library catalogs not as an endpoint of bibliographic research but as an inherently rich source of information. This facilitated the quantitative assessment of printing in the Swedish realm based on the metadata contained in library catalogs. Our data-driven approach to the transformation of public discourse demonstrates that whereas the amount of printed material grew steadily, political ruptures affected the development of printing. We also suggest that the culture of books and printing is best understood through the dynamics of competing intellectual hubs consisting of the university cities and the political center in Stockholm. This perspective further challenges the dominant, nationally delineated approach in book history.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 57-78
Issue: 1
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2018.1526657
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2018.1526657
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:52:y:2019:i:1:p:57-78




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alfonso Díez-Minguela
Author-X-Name-First: Alfonso
Author-X-Name-Last: Díez-Minguela
Author-Name: M. Teresa Sanchis Llopis
Author-X-Name-First: M. Teresa
Author-X-Name-Last: Sanchis Llopis
Title: Regional income inequality in France 1860–1954: Methods and findings
Abstract: 
 This paper explores regional (département or NUTS3) income inequality in France between 1860 and 1954. To this end we first document the existing evidence, evaluate the estimation methods and findings, assess the suitability of each approach and address potential concerns. We then present our own subnational estimates of per-capita income, derived following Geary and Stark. Overall, we find that indirect estimation (or top-down) methods provide somewhat differing results, thereby calling into question the validity of some of these approaches. Our estimates, meanwhile, appear to fit reasonably well with direct estimations (or bottom-up) of value-added and income and provide evidence in support of a decline in regional inequality over the period of study.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 1-14
Issue: 1
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2018.1541429
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2018.1541429
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:52:y:2019:i:1:p:1-14




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Heléne Berg
Author-X-Name-First: Heléne
Author-X-Name-Last: Berg
Author-Name: Matz Dahlberg
Author-X-Name-First: Matz
Author-X-Name-Last: Dahlberg
Author-Name: Kåre Vernby
Author-X-Name-First: Kåre
Author-X-Name-Last: Vernby
Title: Post-WWI military disarmament and interwar fascism in Sweden
Abstract: 
 The emergence of anti-democratic movements is a central puzzle to social science. We study a novel and rich historical dataset covering Swedish municipalities during the interwar years and find a strong link between the presence of a military garrison and the emergence of fascist parties. We interpret these results as suggesting that fascist mobilization in Sweden was driven by discontent with the process of disarmament brought about by democratization. In contrast, poor economic conditions, as captured both by levels of and changes in the local poverty rate and tax base, do not explain the strong link between the fascists and military garrisons. We relate these results to influential theories of democratization.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 37-56
Issue: 1
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2018.1554462
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2018.1554462
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:52:y:2019:i:1:p:37-56




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Allison Shertzer
Author-X-Name-First: Allison
Author-X-Name-Last: Shertzer
Author-Name: Randall P. Walsh
Author-X-Name-First: Randall P.
Author-X-Name-Last: Walsh
Author-Name: John R. Logan
Author-X-Name-First: John R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Logan
Title: Segregation and neighborhood change in northern cities: New historical GIS data from 1900–1930
Abstract: 
 Most quantitative research on segregation and neighborhood change in American cities prior to 1940 has utilized data published by the Census Bureau at the ward level. The transcription of census manuscripts has made it possible to aggregate individual records to a finer level, the enumeration district (ED). Advances in geographic information systems (GIS) have facilitated mapping these data, opening new possibilities for historical GIS research. This article reports the creation of a mapped public use dataset for EDs in ten northern cities for each decade from 1900 to 1930. The authors illustrate a range of research topics that can now be pursued: recruitment into ethnic neighborhoods, the effects of comprehensive zoning on neighborhood change, and white flight from black neighbors.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 187-197
Issue: 4
Volume: 49
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2016.1151393
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2016.1151393
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:49:y:2016:i:4:p:187-197




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bruce A. Kimball
Author-X-Name-First: Bruce A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Kimball
Author-Name: Jeremy B. Luke
Author-X-Name-First: Jeremy B.
Author-X-Name-Last: Luke
Title: Measuring cost escalation in the formative era of U.S. higher education, 1875–1930
Abstract: 
 Cost escalation in higher education in the United States prior to 1930 has scarcely been studied, even though the period from the 1870s to the 1920s was formative for U.S. higher education. This article develops and explains a method to measure the cost during this period. The authors then compile more accurate cost data than have been available, calculate new cost indexes for higher education from 1875 to 1930, and compare these indexes to economy-wide indexes. The striking findings inform the two leading economic theories of cost escalation, advanced by economists Howard R. Bowen and William G. Bowen. Cost escalation in total expenses of higher education occurred consistently between 1875 and 1930, and exceeded the worrisome rate that economist Howard Bowen found for the period from 1930 to 1977. Cost escalation did not occur in the more salient per capita terms. This latter finding, combined with recent historical research, supports the “revenue theory of cost” of Howard Bowen and challenges the “cost disease theory” of William Bowen.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 198-219
Issue: 4
Volume: 49
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2016.1181997
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2016.1181997
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:49:y:2016:i:4:p:198-219




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hieke Huistra
Author-X-Name-First: Hieke
Author-X-Name-Last: Huistra
Author-Name: Bram Mellink
Author-X-Name-First: Bram
Author-X-Name-Last: Mellink
Title: Phrasing history: Selecting sources in digital repositories
Abstract: 
 In recent years, mass digitization has opened up voluminous text corpora to human interpretation. Full-text search lets historians now find new sources that can change their understanding of thoroughly studied historical episodes. At the same time, it forces scholars to access historical sources in a new way: through specific words. This article analyses the consequences of this new way of accessing sources and investigates which search technologies are best suited for historical source selection in digital repositories. It argues that to seize the opportunities that digitization offers, historians must refine their search technologies so that they are based on words but are less dependent on exact phraseology.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 220-229
Issue: 4
Volume: 49
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2016.1205964
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2016.1205964
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:49:y:2016:i:4:p:220-229




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ashley Dhanani
Author-X-Name-First: Ashley
Author-X-Name-Last: Dhanani
Title: Suburban built form and street network development in London, 1880–2013: An application of quantitative historical methods
Abstract: 
 This article describes the methods and findings of a study examining the architectural and spatial development of two of London's suburbs over the past century. Historical analysis of urban growth is constrained by a lack of geographic data that can be used to produce chronologies of analyzable geographic data. This study, utilizing historical geographic data reconstruction techniques, shows that the single most significant development in architectural form in the study areas is that of the garage, signifying expanded personal mobility potentials coupled to car-oriented road infrastructure developments during the study period. It suggests that an urban history must account for the role of personal mobility technologies in such studies. Furthermore, the implementation of methods for creating usable longitudinal geographic datasets allows for increased insight into the nuances of the urban developmental processes.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 230-243
Issue: 4
Volume: 49
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2016.1220268
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2016.1220268
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:49:y:2016:i:4:p:230-243




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Editorial Board EOV
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 244-244
Issue: 4
Volume: 49
Year: 2016
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2016.1223429
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2016.1223429
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:49:y:2016:i:4:p:244-244




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rik Hoekstra
Author-X-Name-First: Rik
Author-X-Name-Last: Hoekstra
Author-Name: Marijn Koolen
Author-X-Name-First: Marijn
Author-X-Name-Last: Koolen
Title: Data scopes for digital history research
Abstract: 
 The term Macroscope has recently been introduced as an instrument to study historical big data using digital tools. In this paper we argue the need for a more elaborate set of concepts to describe and reason about the interactions to select, enrich, connect, analyse and evaluate historical data using digital tools. Interactions change the data and are essential in understanding any subsequent analysis. It makes them part of historical research methodology, but there is little consensus on how these steps can or should be performed. Moreover, they are rarely reported and discussed. We introduce the term data scope as an instrument encompassing these choices and interactions. Elaborating on these processes encourages deeper reflection on and discussion of the interactions and their consequences for research outcomes.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 79-94
Issue: 2
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2018.1484676
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2018.1484676
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:52:y:2019:i:2:p:79-94




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Emanuel A. Storey
Author-X-Name-First: Emanuel A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Storey
Title: Cartographically reconstructing surveys of community land grants in New Mexico to support historical research and political discourse
Abstract: 
 Cartographic visualization of past changes in ownership and management of real estate provides a basis for historical research, decision-making, and political discourse. Surveys associated with land title deeds represent unique and legally valid geographic records of historical boundaries, including those of some Spanish-Mexican land grants in the American Southwest that are currently administrative subdivisions of state. Accurate representation of land grant boundaries that were surveyed during the nineteenth century is problematic due to imprecise instrumentation, error of record, and uncertainty in landmark location. This study assesses the utility of coordinate points from US Bureau of Land Management (BLM) “brass-cap” monuments (cadastral points) for cartographic reconstruction of three New Mexico land grant surveys that exhibit distinct geographic characteristics. Findings reveal discrepancies with respect to land ownership maps produced by the BLM and provide insight to decisions made during surveying. These reconstructed boundaries are also compared to boundary maps produced by the BLM, based on comparisons with the original surveys and relative to known boundary markers. This study highlights the practical importance and potential scholarly applications of reconstructing geographic boundaries of politically active community land grants in a contemporary context.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 95-109
Issue: 2
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2018.1502641
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2018.1502641
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:52:y:2019:i:2:p:95-109




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Isabelle Cherkesly
Author-X-Name-First: Isabelle
Author-X-Name-Last: Cherkesly
Author-Name: Lisa Dillon
Author-X-Name-First: Lisa
Author-X-Name-Last: Dillon
Author-Name: Alain Gagnon
Author-X-Name-First: Alain
Author-X-Name-Last: Gagnon
Title: Creating the 1831 Canadian Census Database
Abstract: 
 The 1831 census database is the newest addition to the series of 19th century Canadian census microdata available for social science research, thanks to a collaboration between the Programme de recherche en démographie historique (PRDH) and FamilySearch. This article presents the work undertaken to prepare this database and the main challenges encountered in the course of this work. While the data extracted from the 1831 census are an invaluable tool for demographic research, particularly on account of the agricultural and industrial questions included in this census, cleaning these data have required particular attention to the age-sex-marital status tallies of the household co-residents. Additional efforts were devoted to integrating missing data for Montréal’s Notre-Dame parish and for other parishes.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 110-127
Issue: 2
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2019.1567419
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2019.1567419
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:52:y:2019:i:2:p:110-127




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jacques Vallin
Author-X-Name-First: Jacques
Author-X-Name-Last: Vallin
Author-Name: Domantas Jasilionis
Author-X-Name-First: Domantas
Author-X-Name-Last: Jasilionis
Author-Name: France Meslé
Author-X-Name-First: France
Author-X-Name-Last: Meslé
Title: Does a turbulent history lead to turbulent life expectancy trends? Evidence from the Baltic States
Abstract: 
 After the time of the Great Duchy of Lithuania and that of their inclusion to Russian Empire, the three Baltic countries got their first independence after WWI, but WWII forced them to enter the Soviet Union for almost five decades before getting their second independence and resuming with market economy, to finally join the European Union. Such strong historical changes caused major impacts (either positive or negative) on the implementation of the health transition in the region, quite interesting to document, but they also produced dramatic changes in the quality and the accuracy of information required to compute mortality indicators. The aim of this article is to briefly summarize existing knowledge on mortality in the Baltic region for the past two centuries, but focusing more precisely on the consequences of getting in and then getting out of the Soviet system in terms of health and survival.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 191-209
Issue: 4
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2017.1338977
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2017.1338977
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:50:y:2017:i:4:p:191-209




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marc Tremblay
Author-X-Name-First: Marc
Author-X-Name-Last: Tremblay
Title: The measurement of ancestral roots with genealogical data
Abstract: 
 This study presents a new method to measure the depth of ancestral roots in a population. This method sheds light on the migratory movements that led to present-day population distribution across space. The method was applied to a dataset of 5,100 ascending genealogies from 17 regions of the province of Quebec (Canada). Dates of marriage of the earliest ancestors married in the same region as their descendants were used to measure the age of individual ancestral roots. The average regional ages vary between 16 and 157 years, while some individual roots reach as far back as 300 years in the same region. The proposed method can be useful for assessing how deeply rooted a contemporary population is at a local, regional, or other geographical level.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 210-217
Issue: 4
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2017.1347075
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2017.1347075
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:50:y:2017:i:4:p:210-217




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stijn Ronsse
Author-X-Name-First: Stijn
Author-X-Name-Last: Ronsse
Author-Name: Samuel Standaert
Author-X-Name-First: Samuel
Author-X-Name-Last: Standaert
Title: Combining growth and level data: An estimation of the population of Belgian municipalities between 1880 and 1970
Abstract: 
 Economic historians that study long-term changes during the nineteenth and twentieth century are fundamentally restricted by the availability of qualitative data. As a result, researchers are forced to either impute missing data, or otherwise combine datasets in some way. In this article, we demonstrate the versatility of state-space models in addressing these problems. Not only do they enable us to compose large data series of high quality, they also provide a clear estimate of how reliable this data is, allowing any subsequent analyses to take this reliability into account. We illustrate the advantages of a state-space model using the population of Belgian municipalities as a case study. By combining growth and level data, we are able to compute yearly population statistics of over 2600 municipalities from 1880 to 1970.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 218-226
Issue: 4
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2017.1355764
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2017.1355764
File-Format: text/html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Roberto Franzosi
Author-X-Name-First: Roberto
Author-X-Name-Last: Franzosi
Title: A third road to the past? Historical scholarship in the age of big data
Abstract: 
 Is a third passage to the past possible, beyond Elton's and Fogel's two roads of narrative history and scientific/quantitative history? One that would combine narrative history's focus on the event, on individuals and their actions, at a particular time and place, to scientific/quantitative history's emphasis on explicit behavioral models based on social-science theories? That is the question this article addresses. It illustrates a computer-assisted methodology for the study of narrative—quantitative narrative analysis (QNA)—that does just that. Based on the 5 Ws + H of narrative—Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How—QNA quantifies events without losing the event itself, without losing people behind numbers, diachronic time behind synchronic statistical coefficients. When used in conjunction with dynamic and interactive data visualization tools (and new natural language processing tools), QNA may provide a third unforeseen road to the past.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 227-244
Issue: 4
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2017.1361879
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2017.1361879
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: End of volume editorial board
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: ebi-ebi
Issue: 4
Volume: 50
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2017.1391605
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2017.1391605
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Humphrey Southall
Author-X-Name-First: Humphrey
Author-X-Name-Last: Southall
Author-Name: Don Lafreniere
Author-X-Name-First: Don
Author-X-Name-Last: Lafreniere
Title: Working with the public in historical data creation
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 129-131
Issue: 3
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2019.1629720
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2019.1629720
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Don Lafreniere
Author-X-Name-First: Don
Author-X-Name-Last: Lafreniere
Author-Name: Luke Weidner
Author-X-Name-First: Luke
Author-X-Name-Last: Weidner
Author-Name: Daniel Trepal
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel
Author-X-Name-Last: Trepal
Author-Name: Sarah Fayen Scarlett
Author-X-Name-First: Sarah Fayen
Author-X-Name-Last: Scarlett
Author-Name: John Arnold
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Arnold
Author-Name: Robert Pastel
Author-X-Name-First: Robert
Author-X-Name-Last: Pastel
Author-Name: Ryan Williams
Author-X-Name-First: Ryan
Author-X-Name-Last: Williams
Title: Public participatory historical GIS
Abstract: 
 Building historical geographic information system (HGIS) datasets is time consuming and very expensive, especially when built at the scales that permit analysis of the lived experiences of individuals or the morphology of buildings or streets. Further, these datasets are often built exclusively in the academy, with little input from the contemporary communities they represent. In this paper, we review the use of the public in crowdsourcing historical data creation, and using the Keweenaw Time Traveler set in Michigan’s Copper Country as a case study, we call for a new approach to HGIS scholarship that includes a robust public partnership to building HGIS datasets. The creation of a public participatory HGIS approach to HGIS scholarship can increase efficiencies of, public relevance in, and extend the reach of, HGIS projects beyond the academy. We have established a set of best practices that include, incorporating the public in the HGIS interface design, providing immediate public data access, contextualization of spatial data in space-time, comprehensive public history outreach in person and online, and creating affordances for the public to contribute their own historical spatial knowledge through spatial storytelling. Together, these activities can promote the long-term sustainability and success of historical data crowdsourcing projects.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 132-149
Issue: 3
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2019.1567418
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2019.1567418
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paula Aucott
Author-X-Name-First: Paula
Author-X-Name-Last: Aucott
Author-Name: Humphrey Southall
Author-X-Name-First: Humphrey
Author-X-Name-Last: Southall
Author-Name: Carol Ekinsmyth
Author-X-Name-First: Carol
Author-X-Name-Last: Ekinsmyth
Title: Citizen science through old maps: Volunteer motivations in the GB1900 gazetteer-building project
Abstract: 
 The GB1900 project transcribed almost all text on 1:10,650 mapping covering Great Britain, published circa 1900: 2.6 million geo-referenced text strings, so possibly the largest specifically historical gazetteer. Nearly 1200 volunteers made 5.5 million transcriptions, including “confirmations.” This paper describes the project’s interaction with online volunteers and then presents their experience, as recorded through the online system itself, six in-depth interviews and 162 responses to an online questionnaire. We find that, unlike volunteers in physical science “citizen science” projects, they were motivated by personal interest in the maps, in places that held meaning for them, and in how places had changed. These conclusions enable us to offer suggestions for volunteer recruitment and retention in similar future projects.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 150-163
Issue: 3
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2018.1559779
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2018.1559779
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Renée Sieber
Author-X-Name-First: Renée
Author-X-Name-Last: Sieber
Author-Name: Victoria Slonosky
Author-X-Name-First: Victoria
Author-X-Name-Last: Slonosky
Title: Developing a Flexible Platform for Crowdsourcing Historical Weather Records
Abstract: 
 Climatological data exists in historical documents, such as observatory registers, newspapers, ships’ logs and private diaries. Using present-day technologies, such as open source repositories and code mashups, and high-resolution digital scanning, software applications can be custom-designed to facilitate transcription of data that otherwise exists solely in paper format. We present a citizen science application for transcribing Canadian weather registers from the late 19th Century. The application is designed to engage citizen scientists with the historical record, respond to archival requirements, and fulfill the needs of the modern climate research community. User centered design allows for an iterative process in which end users – transcribers – are part of the entire cycle of system development. Incorporating users early in the process promises more motivated users and more accurate transcriptions of complex, historical scientific data.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 164-177
Issue: 3
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2018.1558138
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2018.1558138
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:52:y:2019:i:3:p:164-177




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cornelis W. Van Galen
Author-X-Name-First: Cornelis W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Van Galen
Title: Creating an audience: Experiences from the Surinamese slave registers crowdsourcing project
Abstract: 
 Crowdsourcing for research promises great rewards, but it is often hard to get the public involved in such a way that they are willing to spend their time and money on such a project. The Surinamese Slave Registers crowdsourcing project is an attempt to tackle this problem by combining a crowdfunding campaign with the recruitment of volunteers. To get the public interested, we focussed on inclusion, the sense that we worked together to make this history visible, both in our communication and towards volunteers in the transcription phase. This proved to be a successful combination. Within a month we raised the necessary funds and enlisted hundreds of volunteers, who transcribed a dataset including some 70,000 enslaved persons in little more than three months.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 178-194
Issue: 3
Volume: 52
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2019.1590268
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2019.1590268
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Frank W. Garmon Jr.
Author-X-Name-First: Frank W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Garmon Jr.
Title: Population density and the accuracy of the land valuations in the 1798 federal direct tax
Abstract: 
 The peculiar operation of the 1798 federal direct tax has led scholars to question whether tax officials reported the land valuations from their districts faithfully. Peter Lindert and Jeffrey Williamson argue that southern tax assessors systemically under reported the value of southern real estate, and they adjust their income estimates to account for the likelihood of corruption. This paper affirms the reliability of the tax returns by demonstrating that population density, rather than corruption or lax enforcement, can explain nearly all of the variation between the assessment districts. Accepting the tax valuations as accurate would lower Lindert and Williamson’s income estimates, imply slower growth rate between 1774 and 1800, and suggest a higher growth rate between 1800 and 1850.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 1-10
Issue: 1
Volume: 53
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2019.1678444
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2019.1678444
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nuno Palma
Author-X-Name-First: Nuno
Author-X-Name-Last: Palma
Author-Name: Jaime Reis
Author-X-Name-First: Jaime
Author-X-Name-Last: Reis
Author-Name: Mengtian Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Mengtian
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Title: Reconstruction of regional and national population using intermittent census-type data: The case of Portugal, 1527–1864
Abstract: 
 We offer a new methodology for the construction of annual population stocks over the very long run. Our method does not require the assumption of a closed economy, and can be used in situations in which local annual gross flows are obtainable. Combining gross flows with intermittent census-type data, it is possible to arrive at local, regional and national population stock estimates at annual frequencies. We provide an application to early modern and nineteenth century Portugal, using a large sample of parish-level statistics up to the first modern census of 1864. All six major regions of the country are considered.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 11-27
Issue: 1
Volume: 53
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2019.1666762
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2019.1666762
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: J. David Hacker
Author-X-Name-First: J. David
Author-X-Name-Last: Hacker
Title: Reconstruction of birth histories using children ever born and children surviving data from the 1900 and 1910 U.S. censuses
Abstract: 
 This paper describes a method to reconstruct birth histories for women in the 1900 and 1910 U. S. census IPUMS samples. The method is an extension of an earlier method developed by Luther and Cho (1988). The basic method relies on the number of children ever born, number of children surviving, number of children coresident in the household and age-specific fertility rates for the population to probabilistically assign an “age” to deceased and unmatched children. Modifications include the addition of an iterative Poisson regression model to fine-tune age-specific fertility inputs. The potential of birth histories for the study of the U.S. fertility transition is illustrated with a few examples.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 28-52
Issue: 1
Volume: 53
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2019.1664357
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2019.1664357
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mikołaj Szołtysek
Author-X-Name-First: Mikołaj
Author-X-Name-Last: Szołtysek
Author-Name: Bartosz Ogórek
Author-X-Name-First: Bartosz
Author-X-Name-Last: Ogórek
Title: How Many Household Formation Systems Were There in Historic Europe? A View Across 256 Regions Using Partitioning Clustering Methods
Abstract: 
 This paper reconsiders one of historical demography’s most pertinent research problems: the fiddly concept of historical household formation systems. Using a massive repository of historical census micro-data from the North Atlantic Population Project and the Mosaic project, the four markers of Hajnal’s household formation rules were operationalized for 256 regional rural populations from Catalonia in the west to central Siberia in the east, between 1700 and 1926. We then analyze these data using the Partitioning Around Medoids algorithm in order to empirically derive the “natural groups” based on the similarity and the dissimilarity of their household formation traits. Although regional differences between European household formation systems are readily identifiable, the two statistically most valid clustering solutions (k = 2; k = 4) provide a more complex picture of household formation regimes than Hajnal and his followers have been able to compile. Our finding that when regional populations cluster on similar household formation characteristics, they often come from both sides of Hajnal’s “imaginary line,” calls into question strict bipolar divisions of the continent. By and large, we show that the long-lived idea of two household formation systems in preindustrial Europe obscures considerable variability in historical family behavior, and therefore needs to be amended.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 53-76
Issue: 1
Volume: 53
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2019.1656591
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2019.1656591
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kenneth M. Sylvester
Author-X-Name-First: Kenneth M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Sylvester
Author-Name: J. David Hacker
Author-X-Name-First: J. David
Author-X-Name-Last: Hacker
Title: Introduction to special issues on historical record linking
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 77-79
Issue: 2
Volume: 53
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2020.1707445
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2020.1707445
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martha Bailey
Author-X-Name-First: Martha
Author-X-Name-Last: Bailey
Author-Name: Connor Cole
Author-X-Name-First: Connor
Author-X-Name-Last: Cole
Author-Name: Catherine Massey
Author-X-Name-First: Catherine
Author-X-Name-Last: Massey
Title: Simple strategies for improving inference with linked data: a case study of the 1850–1930 IPUMS linked representative historical samples
Abstract: 
 New large-scale linked data are revolutionizing quantitative history and demography. This paper proposes two complementary strategies for improving inference with linked historical data: the use of validation variables to identify higher quality links and a simple, regression-based weighting procedure to increase the representativeness of custom research samples. We demonstrate the potential value of these strategies using the 1850–1930 Integrated Public Use Microdata Series Linked Representative Samples (IPUMS-LRS)—a high quality, publicly available linked historical dataset. We show that, while incorrect linking rates appear low in the IPUMS-LRS, researchers can reduce error rates further using validation variables. We also show how researchers can reweight linked samples to balance observed characteristics in the linked sample with those in a reference population using a simple regression-based procedure.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 80-93
Issue: 2
Volume: 53
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2019.1630343
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2019.1630343
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:53:y:2020:i:2:p:80-93




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ran Abramitzky
Author-X-Name-First: Ran
Author-X-Name-Last: Abramitzky
Author-Name: Roy Mill
Author-X-Name-First: Roy
Author-X-Name-Last: Mill
Author-Name: Santiago Pérez
Author-X-Name-First: Santiago
Author-X-Name-Last: Pérez
Title: Linking individuals across historical sources: A fully automated approach*
Abstract: 
 Linking individuals across historical datasets relies on information such as name and age that is both non-unique and prone to enumeration and transcription errors. These errors make it impossible to find the correct match with certainty. In the first part of the paper, we suggest a fully automated probabilistic method for linking historical datasets that enables researchers to create samples at the frontier of minimizing type I (false positives) and type II (false negatives) errors. The first step guides researchers in the choice of which variables to use for linking. The second step uses the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm, a standard tool in statistics, to compute the probability that each two records correspond to the same individual. The third step suggests how to use these estimated probabilities to choose which records to use in the analysis. In the second part of the paper, we apply the method to link historical population censuses in the US and Norway, and use these samples to estimate measures of intergenerational occupational mobility. The estimates using our method are remarkably similar to the ones using IPUMS’, which relies on hand linking to create a training sample. We created an R code and a Stata command that implement this method.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 94-111
Issue: 2
Volume: 53
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2018.1543034
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2018.1543034
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:53:y:2020:i:2:p:94-111




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Auke Rijpma
Author-X-Name-First: Auke
Author-X-Name-Last: Rijpma
Author-Name: Jeanne Cilliers
Author-X-Name-First: Jeanne
Author-X-Name-Last: Cilliers
Author-Name: Johan Fourie
Author-X-Name-First: Johan
Author-X-Name-Last: Fourie
Title: Record linkage in the Cape of Good Hope Panel
Abstract: 
 In this article, we describe the record linkage procedure to create a panel from Cape Colony census returns, or opgaafrolle, for 1787–1828, a dataset of 42,354 household-level observations. Based on a subset of manually linked records, we first evaluate statistical models and deterministic algorithms to best identify and match households over time. By using household-level characteristics in the linking process and near-annual data, we are able to create high-quality links for 84% of the dataset. We compare basic analyses on the linked panel dataset to the original cross-sectional data, evaluate the feasibility of the strategy when linking to supplementary sources, and discuss the scalability of our approach to the full Cape panel.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 112-129
Issue: 2
Volume: 53
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2018.1517030
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2018.1517030
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:53:y:2020:i:2:p:112-129




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Özgür Akgün
Author-X-Name-First: Özgür
Author-X-Name-Last: Akgün
Author-Name: Alan Dearle
Author-X-Name-First: Alan
Author-X-Name-Last: Dearle
Author-Name: Graham Kirby
Author-X-Name-First: Graham
Author-X-Name-Last: Kirby
Author-Name: Eilidh Garrett
Author-X-Name-First: Eilidh
Author-X-Name-Last: Garrett
Author-Name: Tom Dalton
Author-X-Name-First: Tom
Author-X-Name-Last: Dalton
Author-Name: Peter Christen
Author-X-Name-First: Peter
Author-X-Name-Last: Christen
Author-Name: Chris Dibben
Author-X-Name-First: Chris
Author-X-Name-Last: Dibben
Author-Name: Lee Williamson
Author-X-Name-First: Lee
Author-X-Name-Last: Williamson
Title: Linking Scottish vital event records using family groups
Abstract: 
 The reconstitution of populations through linkage of historical records is a powerful approach to generate longitudinal historical microdata resources of interest to researchers in various fields. Here we consider automated linking of the vital events recorded in the civil registers of birth, death and marriage compiled in Scotland, to bring together the various records associated with the demographic events in the life course of each individual in the population. From the histories, the genealogical structure of the population can then be built up. Rather than apply standard linkage techniques to link the individuals on the available certificates, we explore an alternative approach, inspired by the family reconstitution techniques adopted by historical demographers, in which the births of siblings are first linked to form family groups, after which intergenerational links between families can be established. We report a small-scale evaluation of this approach, using two district-level data sets from Scotland in the late nineteenth century, for which sibling links have already been created by demographers. We show that quality measures of up to 83% can be achieved on these data sets (using F-Measure, a combination of precision and recall). In the future, we intend to compare the results with a standard linkage approach and to investigate how these various methods may be used in a project which aims to link the entire Scottish population from 1856 to 1973.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 130-146
Issue: 2
Volume: 53
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2019.1571466
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2019.1571466
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Editorial Board EOV
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: ebi-ebi
Issue: 4
Volume: 47
Year: 2014
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2014.962416
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2014.962416
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:47:y:2014:i:4:p:ebi-ebi




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hélène Vézina
Author-X-Name-First: Hélène
Author-X-Name-Last: Vézina
Author-Name: Marc St-Hilaire
Author-X-Name-First: Marc
Author-X-Name-Last: St-Hilaire
Author-Name: Jean-Sébastien Bournival
Author-X-Name-First: Jean-Sébastien
Author-X-Name-Last: Bournival
Author-Name: Claude Bellavance
Author-X-Name-First: Claude
Author-X-Name-Last: Bellavance
Title: The Linkage of Microcensus Data and Vital Records: an Assessment of Results on Quebec Historical Population Data (1852–1911)
Abstract: 
 The interconnection between civil records and census data, along with linkage across censuses, can substantially broaden and enrich the avenues of research in both the social and the biological sciences. Here we present a linkage program developed to match nominative microdata from the Canadian censuses to those from Quebec civil records. We provide a critical assessment of linkage results obtained on two geographical settings by investigating household and individual characteristics that could impact on linkage rates and raise bias issues. The linkage program is at the heart of the construction of the Integrated Infrastructure of the Quebec Population Historical Microdata which will integrate available historical microdata (vital records and census data) on the Quebec population dating back to the beginning of European settlement.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 230-245
Issue: 4
Volume: 51
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2018.1507771
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2018.1507771
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Catherine G. Massey
Author-X-Name-First: Catherine G.
Author-X-Name-Last: Massey
Author-Name: Katie R. Genadek
Author-X-Name-First: Katie R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Genadek
Author-Name: J. Trent Alexander
Author-X-Name-First: J. Trent
Author-X-Name-Last: Alexander
Author-Name: Todd K. Gardner
Author-X-Name-First: Todd K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Gardner
Author-Name: Amy O’Hara
Author-X-Name-First: Amy
Author-X-Name-Last: O’Hara
Title: Linking the 1940 U.S. Census with modern data
Abstract: 
 The U.S. Census Bureau has created a set of linkable census, survey, and administrative records that provides longitudinal data on the American population across the past eight decades. While these files include modern decennial censuses, Census Bureau surveys, and administrative records files from other federal agencies, the long time span is only possible with the addition of the complete count 1940 Census microdata. In this paper, we discuss the development of this linked data infrastructure and provide an overview of the record linkage techniques used. We primarily focus on the techniques used to produce a beta version of a linkable 1940 Census microdata file and discuss the potential to further document and extend the infrastructure.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 246-257
Issue: 4
Volume: 51
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2018.1507772
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2018.1507772
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:51:y:2018:i:4:p:246-257




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Angela R. Cunningham
Author-X-Name-First: Angela R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Cunningham
Title: After “it’s over over there”: Using record linkage to enable the reconstruction of World War I veterans’ demography from soldiers’ experiences to civilian populations
Abstract: 
 In this article, I describe automatically linking newly accessible census data and World War I service records to enable a more holistic accounting of the connections between individual military experiences and emergent civilian population patterns. Employing models that can only be built from the individual level and examining relationships that are only traceable through linked data, I analyze how soldiers’ wartime experiences may have inflected postwar marital outcomes and explore how linkage decisions shape results. In so doing, I show how quantitative methods can be used to question the adequacy of traditional WWI narratives, and provide an example of how, even with limited resources, the usefulness of historical microdatasets can be leveraged through record linkage.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 203-229
Issue: 4
Volume: 51
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2018.1510351
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2018.1510351
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rudolf Cesaretti
Author-X-Name-First: Rudolf
Author-X-Name-Last: Cesaretti
Author-Name: José Lobo
Author-X-Name-First: José
Author-X-Name-Last: Lobo
Author-Name: Luis M. A. Bettencourt
Author-X-Name-First: Luis M. A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Bettencourt
Author-Name: Michael E. Smith
Author-X-Name-First: Michael E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Smith
Title: Increasing returns to scale in the towns of early Tudor England
Abstract: 
 Urban agglomeration economies make cities central to theories of modern economic growth. There is historical evidence for the presence of Smithian growth and agglomeration effects in English towns c.1450-1670, but seminal assessments deny the presence of agglomeration effects and productivity gains to Early Modern English towns. This study evaluates the presence of increasing returns to scale (IRS) in aggregate urban economic outputs—the empirical signature of feedbacks between Smithian growth and agglomeration effects—among the towns of 16th century England. To do so, we test a model from settlement scaling theory against the 1524/5 Lay Subsidy returns. Analysis of these data indicates that Tudor towns exhibited IRS—a finding that is robust to alternative interpretations of the data. IRS holds even for the smallest towns in our sample, suggesting the absence of town size thresholds for the emergence of agglomeration effects. Spatial patterning of scaling residuals further suggests regional demand-side interactions with Smithian-agglomeration feedbacks. These findings suggest the presence of agglomeration effects and Smithian growth in pre-industrial English towns. This begs us to reconsider the economic performance of Early Modern English towns, and suggests that the qualitative economic dynamics of contemporary cities may be applicable to premodern settlements in general.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 147-165
Issue: 3
Volume: 53
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2020.1722775
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2020.1722775
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard J. MacNeill
Author-X-Name-First: Richard J.
Author-X-Name-Last: MacNeill
Title: Routes as latent information—spatial analysis of historical pathways on the peripheries of the Victorian gold fields
Abstract: 
 This article argues that the existing network of roads, arising from socially mediated human behavior, represents a well-preserved feature present across a broad region and contains latent historical information that can be retrieved using appropriate analytical techniques. It presents a method combining iterative cost path modeling and proximity analysis to reconstruct patterns of historical movement, and uses the results of this analysis as a heuristic tool to delineate regional social distinctions evident in characteristics of land appropriation and settlement within an area on the peripheries of the goldfields of central Victoria. The results of the least-cost route and proximity analysis presented in this paper delineate variations in patterns of movement across the study area that suggest distinctions in community development and character, adding depth and nuance to histories of the gold fields and their later years and supporting alternatives to assumptions of linear historical change.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 166-181
Issue: 3
Volume: 53
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2020.1728458
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2020.1728458
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:53:y:2020:i:3:p:166-181




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Baeten
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Baeten
Author-Name: Rebecca Lave
Author-X-Name-First: Rebecca
Author-X-Name-Last: Lave
Title: Retracing Rivers and drawing swamps: Using a drawing tablet to reconstruct an historical hydroscape from army corps survey maps
Abstract: 
 This article presents a novel geospatial approach to reconstructing and analyzing environmental change over extensive spatial and temporal scales, even in systems such as rivers and streams that are comparatively difficult to digitize. We used a drawing tablet and stylus to digitize features found on historical Army Corps maps across the spatially extensive landscape of the Lower Wabash River’s riparian zone, in Indiana and Illinois, USA. The methodology allows for an efficient reconstruction of sinuous and irregular environmental features, such as sloughs, and demonstrates the utility of digitizing historical maps to understand the evolution of surface water quantity and location across a landscape. We then compared these historical data to contemporary environmental datasets for the same study area to understand what changes have occurred over a 100 year period. This reveals that the hydroscape of the Lower Wabash River has been significantly altered by past human activity, notably through the reduction of swamps, wetlands, and sandbars, and the increase in drainage ditches and overall stream area. Notably, many of these historical alterations are not captured within current environmental datasets.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 182-198
Issue: 3
Volume: 53
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2020.1748151
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2020.1748151
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:53:y:2020:i:3:p:182-198




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David A. Latzko
Author-X-Name-First: David A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Latzko
Title: Wealth inequality and economic mobility in the post-revolutionary Pennsylvania backcountry
Abstract: 
 Township tax lists for 1783 and 1793 are used to examine the distribution of wealth and economic mobility in York County, Pennsylvania following the Revolutionary War. Measures of inequality are inconclusive, but the typical York County household was worse off in 1793 than in 1783: median wealth fell 5 percent. The poorest households recorded an increase in assessed wealth. Over 40 percent of households disappeared from the tax lists, with the least wealthy being the most likely to leave. Households that remained in the county were far more likely to see an improvement in their relative status than a decline.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 199-206
Issue: 4
Volume: 53
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2019.1698384
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2019.1698384
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:53:y:2020:i:4:p:199-206




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David Escamilla-Guerrero
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Escamilla-Guerrero
Title: Revisiting Mexican migration in the Age of Mass Migration: New evidence from individual border crossings
Abstract: 
 I introduce and analyze the Mexican Border Crossing Records (MBCRs), an unexplored data source that records aliens crossing the Mexico-US land border at diverse locations from 1903 to 1955. The MBCRs identify immigrants and report rich demographic, geographic and socioeconomic information at the individual level. These micro data have the potential to support cliometric research, which is scarce for the Mexico-US migration, especially for the beginnings of the flow (1884-1910). My analysis of the MBCRs suggests that previous literature may have inaccurately described the origin of the first Mexican immigrants. My findings diverge from historical scholarship because the micro data capture the geographic composition of the flow at the local level and across nine entrance ports, allowing me to characterize with precision the migration patterns during the 1900s. Overall, the micro data reported in the MBCRs offer the opportunity to address topics that concern the economics of migration in the past and present.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 207-225
Issue: 4
Volume: 53
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2020.1752344
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2020.1752344
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:53:y:2020:i:4:p:207-225




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Melvin Wevers
Author-X-Name-First: Melvin
Author-X-Name-Last: Wevers
Author-Name: Marijn Koolen
Author-X-Name-First: Marijn
Author-X-Name-Last: Koolen
Title: Digital begriffsgeschichte: Tracing semantic change using word embeddings
Abstract: 
 Recently, the use of word embedding models (WEM) has received ample attention in the natural language processing community. These models can capture semantic information in large corpora of text by learning distributional properties of words, that is how often particular words appear in specific contexts. Scholars have pointed out the potential of WEMs for historical research. In particular, their ability to capture semantic change might assist historians studying conceptual change or specific discursive formations over time. Concurrently, others voiced their criticism and pointed out that WEMs require large amounts of training data, that they are challenging to evaluate, and they lack the specificity looked for by historians. The ability to examine semantic change resonates with the goals of historians such as Reinhart Koselleck, whose research focused on the formation of concepts and the transformation of semantic fields. However, word embeddings can only be used to study particular types of semantic change, and the model’s use is dependent on the size, quality, and bias in training data. In this article, we examine what is required of historical data to produce reliable WEMs, and we describe the types of questions that can be answered using WEMs.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 226-243
Issue: 4
Volume: 53
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2020.1760157
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2020.1760157
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martina Katalin Szabó
Author-X-Name-First: Martina Katalin
Author-X-Name-Last: Szabó
Author-Name: Orsolya Ring
Author-X-Name-First: Orsolya
Author-X-Name-Last: Ring
Author-Name: Balázs Nagy
Author-X-Name-First: Balázs
Author-X-Name-Last: Nagy
Author-Name: László Kiss
Author-X-Name-First: László
Author-X-Name-Last: Kiss
Author-Name: Júlia Koltai
Author-X-Name-First: Júlia
Author-X-Name-Last: Koltai
Author-Name: Gábor Berend
Author-X-Name-First: Gábor
Author-X-Name-Last: Berend
Author-Name: László Vidács
Author-X-Name-First: László
Author-X-Name-Last: Vidács
Author-Name: Attila Gulyás
Author-X-Name-First: Attila
Author-X-Name-Last: Gulyás
Author-Name: Zoltán Kmetty
Author-X-Name-First: Zoltán
Author-X-Name-Last: Kmetty
Title: Exploring the dynamic changes of key concepts of the Hungarian socialist era with natural language processing methods
Abstract: 
 The analysis of social discourses from the perspective of historical changes deserves special attention. Such a study could play a key role in revealing social changes and latent narrative of those in power; and understanding the underlying social dynamic in a given period. Until the recent years, such issues were analyzed mainly in a qualitative approach. In our paper we present a new way of revealing/discovering and interpreting social discourses using an advanced NLP method called word embedding. Based on word similarities we can understand the main structural frames of a given system and using a dynamic approach we can reveal the social changes in a historical period. In our study we created a large corpus from the Hungarian “Pártélet” journal (1956–89). This was the official journal of the governing party, hence it represents not just a media discourse of the era, but the official discourse of the government, too. One of the main focal points of our research is to study the evolution of the semantic content of some of the concepts related to the topics of agriculture and industry, which are two central notions of the examined era.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 1-13
Issue: 1
Volume: 54
Year: 2020
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2020.1823289
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2020.1823289
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hannu Salmi
Author-X-Name-First: Hannu
Author-X-Name-Last: Salmi
Author-Name: Petri Paju
Author-X-Name-First: Petri
Author-X-Name-Last: Paju
Author-Name: Heli Rantala
Author-X-Name-First: Heli
Author-X-Name-Last: Rantala
Author-Name: Asko Nivala
Author-X-Name-First: Asko
Author-X-Name-Last: Nivala
Author-Name: Aleksi Vesanto
Author-X-Name-First: Aleksi
Author-X-Name-Last: Vesanto
Author-Name: Filip Ginter
Author-X-Name-First: Filip
Author-X-Name-Last: Ginter
Title: The reuse of texts in Finnish newspapers and journals, 1771–1920: A digital humanities perspective
Abstract: 
 The digital collections of newspapers have given rise to a growing interest in studying them with computational methods. This article contributes to this discussion by presenting a method for detecting text reuse in a large corpus of digitized texts. Empirically, the article is based on the corpus of newspapers and journals from the collection of the National Library of Finland. Often, digitized repositories offer only partial views of what actually was published in printed form. The Finnish collection is unique, however, since it covers all published issues up to the year 1920. This article has a two-fold objective: methodologically, it explores how computational methods can be developed so that text reuse can be effectively identified; empirically, the article concentrates on how the circulation of texts developed in Finland from the late eighteenth century to the early twentieth century and what this reveals about the transformation of public discourse in Finland. According to our results, the reuse of texts was an integral part of the press throughout the studied period, which, on the other hand, was part of a wider transnational practice.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 14-28
Issue: 1
Volume: 54
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2020.1803166
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2020.1803166
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tobias Blanke
Author-X-Name-First: Tobias
Author-X-Name-Last: Blanke
Author-Name: Claudia Aradau
Author-X-Name-First: Claudia
Author-X-Name-Last: Aradau
Title: Computational genealogy: Continuities and discontinuities in the political rhetoric of US presidents
Abstract: 
 Articulations of discontinuity and moments of dissent have been central to critical historical work. However, such vocabularies and analyses of historical change have received less attention in the emerging field of digital methods. Digital methods based on discerning patterns have focused on continuities, while discontinuities and ruptures have been derivative of trends and patterns. By contrast, genealogical methods attend to the entanglement of continuity and discontinuity, and focus on contingency and singularity. This article proposes to develop methods of computational genealogy to analyze multiple temporalities in historical discourses. We experiment with our proposed computational genealogy using the archive of Inaugural speeches by US presidents. In particular, we show that there is neither a linear advance to Trump’s rhetoric nor an exceptional rupture. Our analysis shows that Trump’s speech is much more the struggle of the Republicans with their own past ideas than struggles with Democrats.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 29-43
Issue: 1
Volume: 54
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2019.1684859
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2019.1684859
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Noël Bonneuil
Author-X-Name-First: Noël
Author-X-Name-Last: Bonneuil
Author-Name: Elena Fursa
Author-X-Name-First: Elena
Author-X-Name-Last: Fursa
Title: Seasonal components of infant mortality at the onset of the transition reveal the role of water-borne and air-borne diseases: the case of the Don Army Territory (Southern Russia), 1872–1915
Abstract: 
 Seasonal components of infant probabilities of dying are disentangled from monthly death statistics by age and birth by articulating demographic equations and stochastic optimization. In the Don Army Territory, for the period 1872–1915, these components reflect respiratory diseases in autumn and spring, dehydration and waterborne diseases in summer, and cold stress in winter. During the warmer months, they were lower in cities. Summer heat had a lethal effect, mitigated by precipitation; illegitimate infants were exposed to the change of season; high winds increased mortality in late winter for 0–5 month infants and in summer for 6–11 month infants in cities. By the turn of the century, mortality had decreased, thanks to the gradual purification of water supplies and improved health practices.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 44-62
Issue: 1
Volume: 54
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2020.1754984
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2020.1754984
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:54:y:2021:i:1:p:44-62




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Correction
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 63-63
Issue: 1
Volume: 54
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2019.1682240
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2019.1682240
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hülya Canbakal
Author-X-Name-First: Hülya
Author-X-Name-Last: Canbakal
Author-Name: Alpay Filiztekin
Author-X-Name-First: Alpay
Author-X-Name-Last: Filiztekin
Title: Wealth and demography in Ottoman probate inventories: A database in very long-term perspective
Abstract: 
 This article uses a novel database of Ottoman probates and examines some of the methodological difficulties that arise in very long-term analysis. Wealth statistics, spanning from 1460 to 1920 in the longest subsample, indicate approximately an inverted U-shaped pattern that may signal the limits of extensive growth. While plausible, severity of the drop on the right side of the wealth curve does not entirely match recent scholarship on the Ottoman Empire. Examining the effect of biases and changes in probate demography on wealth, we explore how real the observed wealth pattern is. We employ descriptive statistics, linear regression and Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, and find that demographic composition matters but does not alter the shape of the wealth curve. Explanation for the gap between probate findings and current historiography, therefore, must lie elsewhere.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 94-127
Issue: 2
Volume: 54
Year: 2021
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2020.1840469
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2020.1840469
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:54:y:2021:i:2:p:94-127




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wolf-Fabian Hungerland
Author-X-Name-First: Wolf-Fabian
Author-X-Name-Last: Hungerland
Author-Name: Christoph Altmeppen
Author-X-Name-First: Christoph
Author-X-Name-Last: Altmeppen
Title: What is a product anyway? Applying the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) to historical data
Abstract: 
 We study the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC). Thousands of studies rely on disaggregated trade data, but the quality of these studies’ unit of analysis—bins of goods categories arranged in certain hierarchies—is rarely studied. It is often unclear what a product or a variety really is. Meanwhile, increasingly granular trade data from before the 1950s are lifted from the archives that require standardization. The SITC provides a framework for that. We make four contributions: First, we work out the specificities of each SITC revision, analyze how revisions are related, and provide improved correspondence tables between all revisions. We show that revision choice can affect the analysis of historical trade data. Second, we propose basic rules for translating historical, unstandardized trade statistics to the SITC. Third, we translate German product-level trade data from the first globalization to both SITC revisions 2 and 4 in order to find out which revision may be more applicable to historical data. Fourth, we then develop metrics to quantitatively assess our translation exercise. We argue that despite inevitable imperfections, applying the SITC yields useful results, even on a very disaggregated level.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 65-79
Issue: 2
Volume: 54
Year: 2021
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2020.1853644
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2020.1853644
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:54:y:2021:i:2:p:65-79




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Nicholls
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Nicholls
Author-Name: Bernard Allaire
Author-X-Name-First: Bernard
Author-X-Name-Last: Allaire
Author-Name: Poul Holm
Author-X-Name-First: Poul
Author-X-Name-Last: Holm
Title: The Capacity Trend Method: A new approach for enumerating the Newfoundland cod fisheries (1675–1790)
Abstract: 
 We apply a novel methodology to the study of the Newfoundland cod fisheries in order to determine a reasoned and acceptable chronological value series for total catch amounts in the early modern period where data are scarce. The paper focuses on the two main protagonists in the Newfoundland fisheries arena in that period: France and England. The period 1675–1790 has been selected as a viable and representative chronology for a case study where data, while available in part, are limited and often missing. The new methodology proposed here enables further exploration, input and assessment such that an ever-greater level of accuracy, integrity and robustness may be achieved in future.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 80-93
Issue: 2
Volume: 54
Year: 2021
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2020.1853643
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2020.1853643
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:54:y:2021:i:2:p:80-93




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rowena Gray
Author-X-Name-First: Rowena
Author-X-Name-Last: Gray
Author-Name: Rocco Bowman
Author-X-Name-First: Rocco
Author-X-Name-Last: Bowman
Title: Locating the Manhattan housing market: GIS evidence for 1880-1910
Abstract: 
 There is a dearth of systematic information about the historical New York City housing market. We present a new sample containing rental price and characteristic data for 10,715 Manhattan units which was collected from historical newspapers for the period 1880–1910. These units were geolocated to the historical map of Manhattan Island to explore their geographic coverage, using Geographic Information System (GIS) software. We use this new sample to plot the evolution of the location and quality of available Manhattan housing units and the development of new neighborhoods. This complements existing research on the growth of New York City and the evolution of the ethnic composition of neighborhoods across Census years, as we show information at annual frequency during this time of high growth for the city.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 151-171
Issue: 3
Volume: 54
Year: 2021
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2020.1832007
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2020.1832007
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:54:y:2021:i:3:p:151-171




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kara Dimitruk
Author-X-Name-First: Kara
Author-X-Name-Last: Dimitruk
Title: Political coalitions in the House of Commons, 1660–1690: New data and applications
Abstract: 
 Political coalitions and their interaction with the Crown were central to political dynamics in England from 1660 to 1715. This paper introduces a new database of political affiliations of Members of Parliament (MPs), compiled from contemporary parliamentary lists, from 1660 to 1690. It uses the database to construct a measure of the majority Court or Opposition coalition in the House of Commons. It shows the majority coalition became increasingly cohesive during this period. It then uses the database to produce similar measures of majority coalition strength across constituencies to study the evolution of constituency support for coalitions from 1660 to 1715. The main findings suggest the Glorious Revolution of 1688 led to a significant break in constituency support for political groups. An analysis of constituency coalition preferences during periods of polarization like the Exclusion Crisis (1679–1681) shows constituency support pre-1688 was in part shaped in the absence of general elections and that Dissenters were an important base for the first Whigs in 1679.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 172-187
Issue: 3
Volume: 54
Year: 2021
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2021.1906809
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2021.1906809
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:54:y:2021:i:3:p:172-187




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carry van Lieshout
Author-X-Name-First: Carry
Author-X-Name-Last: van Lieshout
Author-Name: Robert J. Bennett
Author-X-Name-First: Robert J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Bennett
Author-Name: Harry Smith
Author-X-Name-First: Harry
Author-X-Name-Last: Smith
Title: The British business census of entrepreneurs and firm-size, 1851–1881: New data for economic and business historians
Abstract: 
 The British census asked employers to record their workforce numbers. The responses to this instruction provide a unique resource on firm size. While the responses were digitized and included in the Individual Census Microdata (I-CeM) deposit, their format limits their utility. A further data deposit, the British Business Census of Entrepreneurs (BBCE), overcomes I-CeM’s deficiencies by infilling data gaps and parsing employer and workforce data into separate fields. This paper evaluates the coverage in I-CeM and BBCE data for this specific census question, and compares these with the published census analysis of the same data. The results prove the benefits of the BBCE data over I-CeM on the subject of firm size, and demonstrate the need for caution in using the published tables.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 129-150
Issue: 3
Volume: 54
Year: 2021
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2019.1707140
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2019.1707140
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:54:y:2021:i:3:p:129-150




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Béatrice Dedinger
Author-X-Name-First: Béatrice
Author-X-Name-Last: Dedinger
Author-Name: Paul Girard
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Girard
Title: How many countries in the world? The geopolitical entities of the world and their political status from 1816 to the present
Abstract: 
 Answering the question “how many countries are there in the world?” turns out to be more complex than it seems, as there is currently no quantitative tool dedicated to this issue. Starting from the lists of national political units created by the instigators of the Correlates of War project, we have built a dataset and visual documentation that identifies the political status, whether sovereign or non-sovereign, of the geopolitical entities of the world from 1816 to the present. This paper aims to present the new dataset, GeoPolHist, by explaining the conceptual and methodological issues raised by the construction of this type of dataset as well as the scientific interest of such data for research on the political history of the world or on the impact of political status.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 208-227
Issue: 4
Volume: 54
Year: 2021
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2021.1939826
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2021.1939826
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:54:y:2021:i:4:p:208-227




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Victor Gay
Author-X-Name-First: Victor
Author-X-Name-Last: Gay
Title: Mapping the Third Republic: A Geographic Information System of France (1870–1940)
Abstract: 
 This article describes a comprehensive geographic information system of Third Republic France: the TRF-GIS. It provides annual nomenclatures and shapefiles of administrative constituencies of metropolitan France from 1870 to 1940, encompassing general administrative constituencies (départements, arrondissements, cantons) as well as the most significant special administrative constituencies: military, judicial and penitentiary, electoral, academic, labor inspection, and ecclesiastical constituencies. It further proposes annual nomenclatures at the contemporaneous commune level that map each municipality into its corresponding administrative framework along with its population count. The 901 nomenclatures, 830 shapefiles, and complete reproduction material of the TRF-GIS are available at https://dataverse.harvard.edu/dataverse/TRF-GIS.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 189-207
Issue: 4
Volume: 54
Year: 2021
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2021.1937421
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2021.1937421
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:54:y:2021:i:4:p:189-207




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pierre Lack
Author-X-Name-First: Pierre
Author-X-Name-Last: Lack
Title: Using word analysis to track the evolution of emotional well-being in nineteenth-century industrializing Britain
Abstract: 
 Happiness economics theorizes that economic growth is only tenuously connected to happiness. This article tests this theory on historical evidence by quantifying the trend in emotional well-being (EWB) of British men during the period of rapid industrialization between 1800 and 1900, using a digitized corpus of 19,682 pamphlets published in Britain during this period and held by JSTOR. EWB is measured between these years using a sentiment analysis method of quantifying the frequency over time of a set of positive-valence (“happy”) word groups relative to negative-valence (“sad”) word groups in the corpus, finding that it remains trendless throughout. This method thereby also provides insight into the quality of life of men during the Industrial Revolution.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 228-247
Issue: 4
Volume: 54
Year: 2021
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2021.1952915
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2021.1952915
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:54:y:2021:i:4:p:228-247




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lisa D. Cook
Author-X-Name-First: Lisa D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Cook
Author-Name: John Parman
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Parman
Author-Name: Trevon Logan
Author-X-Name-First: Trevon
Author-X-Name-Last: Logan
Title: The antebellum roots of distinctively black names
Abstract: 
 This paper explores the existence of distinctively Black names in the antebellum era. Building on recent research that documents the existence of a national naming pattern for African American males in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries (Cook, Logan, and Parman, Explorations in Economic History 53:64–82, 2014), we analyze three distinct and novel antebellum data sources and uncover three stylized facts. First, the Black names identified by Cook, Logan and Parman using post-Civil War data are common names among Blacks before Emancipation. Second, these same Black names are racially distinctive in the antebellum period. Third, the racial distinctiveness of the names increases from the early 1800s to the time of the Civil War. Taken together, these facts provide support for the claim that Black naming patterns existed in the antebellum era and that racial distinctiveness in naming patterns was an established practice well before Emancipation. These findings further challenge the view that Black names are a product of twentieth century phenomena such as the Civil Rights Movement.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 1-11
Issue: 1
Volume: 55
Year: 2022
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2021.1893877
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2021.1893877
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:55:y:2022:i:1:p:1-11




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alvaro La Parra-Perez
Author-X-Name-First: Alvaro
Author-X-Name-Last: La Parra-Perez
Author-Name: Félix-Fernando Muñoz
Author-X-Name-First: Félix-Fernando
Author-X-Name-Last: Muñoz
Author-Name: Nadia Fernandez-de-Pinedo
Author-X-Name-First: Nadia
Author-X-Name-Last: Fernandez-de-Pinedo
Title: EconHist: a relational database for analyzing the evolution of economic history (1980–2019)
Abstract: 
 Since the cliometric revolution, the future of economic history has been discussed in relation to its supposedly increasing integration with economics and other disciplines. Any well-grounded argument in this regard would require a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the scientific production of economic historians in recent decades. This article provides a systematic method for collecting and analyzing the scientific production—in the form of indexed articles—of a broad and representative sample of authors who identify themselves as economic historians. From this sample, we have built EconHist, a relational database that contains the bibliometric information provided by Scopus, and the biographical information from authors’ curricula vitae between 1980 and 2019. Finally, we show the opportunities and difficulties related to the design and development of such a database.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 45-60
Issue: 1
Volume: 55
Year: 2022
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2021.2014376
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2021.2014376
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:55:y:2022:i:1:p:45-60




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Diana Thomas
Author-X-Name-First: Diana
Author-X-Name-Last: Thomas
Author-Name: Gail Yoshitani
Author-X-Name-First: Gail
Author-X-Name-Last: Yoshitani
Author-Name: Dusty Turner
Author-X-Name-First: Dusty
Author-X-Name-Last: Turner
Author-Name: Ajay Hariharan
Author-X-Name-First: Ajay
Author-X-Name-Last: Hariharan
Author-Name: Surabhi Bhutani
Author-X-Name-First: Surabhi
Author-X-Name-Last: Bhutani
Author-Name: David B Allison
Author-X-Name-First: David B
Author-X-Name-Last: Allison
Author-Name: Amanda Moniz
Author-X-Name-First: Amanda
Author-X-Name-Last: Moniz
Author-Name: Steven Heymsfield
Author-X-Name-First: Steven
Author-X-Name-Last: Heymsfield
Author-Name: Dale A Schoeller
Author-X-Name-First: Dale A
Author-X-Name-Last: Schoeller
Author-Name: Holly Hull
Author-X-Name-First: Holly
Author-X-Name-Last: Hull
Author-Name: David Fields
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Fields
Title: Overflowing tables: Changes in the energy intake and the social context of Thanksgiving in the United States
Abstract: 
 In the United States, recent studies have demonstrated weight gain over Thanksgiving contributing to a significant portion of annual national weight gain. Understanding the social context of how Thanksgiving celebrations were perceived is critical for preventing and reducing excess weight during this time. Energy intake from present-day data was back-calculated from body weight data collected in participants before and after Thanksgiving. Similar calculations were performed in studies that also included Christmas. A Latent Dirichlet Allocation analysis of topics scraped from Twitter under the hashtag #thanksgiving was performed. The top topics and search queries from Google Trends on Thanksgiving 2020 were also identified. Since 1621, the social context of Thanksgiving has evolved from a focus on prayer and celebrated gratitude to a focus on food, football, and retail. What is served on Thanksgiving and its energy content has not substantially changed since the late 18th century. On the other hand, body weights and mean energy intake have steadily increased over time with the most rapid increases occurring since 1941. The shift in the social context of Thanksgiving and other factors of an existing obesogenic environment have likely combined to generate increased energy intake and weight gain during Thanksgiving.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 30-44
Issue: 1
Volume: 55
Year: 2022
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2021.2010153
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2021.2010153
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:55:y:2022:i:1:p:30-44




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jonas Helgertz
Author-X-Name-First: Jonas
Author-X-Name-Last: Helgertz
Author-Name: Joseph Price
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph
Author-X-Name-Last: Price
Author-Name: Jacob Wellington
Author-X-Name-First: Jacob
Author-X-Name-Last: Wellington
Author-Name: Kelly J Thompson
Author-X-Name-First: Kelly J
Author-X-Name-Last: Thompson
Author-Name: Steven Ruggles
Author-X-Name-First: Steven
Author-X-Name-Last: Ruggles
Author-Name: Catherine A. Fitch
Author-X-Name-First: Catherine A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Fitch
Title: A new strategy for linking U.S. historical censuses: A case study for the IPUMS multigenerational longitudinal panel
Abstract: 
 This paper presents a probabilistic method of record linkage, developed using the U.S. full count censuses of 1900 and 1910 but applicable to many sources of digitized historical records. The method links records using a two-step approach, first establishing high confidence matches among men by exploiting a comprehensive set of individual and contextual characteristics. The method then proceeds to link both men and women by leveraging links between households established in the first step. While only the first stage links can be directly comparable to other popular methods in research on the U.S., our method yields both considerably higher linkage rates and greater accuracy while only performing negligibly worse than other algorithms in resembling the target population.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 12-29
Issue: 1
Volume: 55
Year: 2022
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2021.1985027
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2021.1985027
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:55:y:2022:i:1:p:12-29




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robin C. M. Philips
Author-X-Name-First: Robin C. M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Philips
Author-Name: Matteo Calabrese
Author-X-Name-First: Matteo
Author-X-Name-Last: Calabrese
Author-Name: Robert Keenan
Author-X-Name-First: Robert
Author-X-Name-Last: Keenan
Author-Name: Bas van Leeuwen
Author-X-Name-First: Bas
Author-X-Name-Last: van Leeuwen
Title: The regional occupational structure in interwar England and Wales
Abstract: 
 A lack of regional data on the occupational structure in England and Wales during the interwar years has so far prevented extensive study of this time period. In the current paper, we fill this gap by reconstructing the occupational structure at the district level, based on a recently-digitized register for 1939 and by linking this dataset with the population censuses of 1911 and 1921. The resulting data reveals significant regional differences in the expansion of the tertiary sector, and the relative decline of agricultural and industrial activities. For industry, we find an increase in the level of geographical concentration during 1911–1921, to decline by 1939. The primary sector followed a similar pattern, whereas activities in the tertiary sector became less concentrated.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 78-97
Issue: 2
Volume: 55
Year: 2022
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2022.2027303
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2022.2027303
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:55:y:2022:i:2:p:78-97




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mikołaj Szołtysek
Author-X-Name-First: Mikołaj
Author-X-Name-Last: Szołtysek
Author-Name: Bartosz Ogórek
Author-X-Name-First: Bartosz
Author-X-Name-Last: Ogórek
Author-Name: Siegfried Gruber
Author-X-Name-First: Siegfried
Author-X-Name-Last: Gruber
Author-Name: Francisco J. Beltrán Tapia
Author-X-Name-First: Francisco J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Beltrán Tapia
Title: Inferring “missing girls” from child sex ratios in historical census data
Abstract: 
 The topic of “missing girls” in historical Europe has not only been mostly neglected, but previous research addressing this issue usually took the available information too lightly, either rejecting or accepting the claims that there was discrimination against female children, without assessing the possibility that the observed child sex ratios could be attributable to chance, mortality differentials, or registration quality. This article contributes to this discussion by (1) using a novel dataset of historical child sex ratios that covers a large part of the European geography between 1700 and 1926; and (2) explicitly considering the effects of random variability, demographic variation, and faulty enumeration in the analysis. Our results provide evidence that some of these European populations had child sex ratios well above the levels usually considered “natural”. Although part of this variation is indeed shown to be due to random noise and structural features related to infant mortality differentials and census quality, some of the observed sex ratios are too high to be attributed solely to these proximate factors. Thus, these findings suggest that there are behavioural explanations for some of the unbalanced sex ratios observed in our data.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 98-121
Issue: 2
Volume: 55
Year: 2022
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2021.2014377
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2021.2014377
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:55:y:2022:i:2:p:98-121




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert J. Bennett
Author-X-Name-First: Robert J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Bennett
Author-Name: Leslie Hannah
Author-X-Name-First: Leslie
Author-X-Name-Last: Hannah
Title: British employer census returns in new digital records 1851–81; consistency, non-response, and truncation – what this means for analysis
Abstract: 
 Newly available digital resources from the British census identify employers and their workforce size. However, there was a non-response rate of about 2.3% for smaller firms, rising to over 10% for firms over about 300 employees, and higher for the largest manufacturing firms. Non-responses are largely random except for different forms of business organization: significantly higher for corporates, and lower for unincorporated enterprises, but with no significant differences between partnerships and sole proprietors. Proprietor age is also significant. Non-response derives from defective census design and administration. Transcription truncations are also evaluated, which are higher for the largest firms, and vary by sector and position in the response string. Guidance to researchers on weighting and robust estimation strategies are presented for dealing with these limitations.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 61-77
Issue: 2
Volume: 55
Year: 2022
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2021.2018373
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2021.2018373
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:55:y:2022:i:2:p:61-77




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: VHIM_A_2065396_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220823T191300 git hash: 39867e6e2f
Author-Name: Rodrigo Cordero
Author-X-Name-First: Rodrigo
Author-X-Name-Last: Cordero
Author-Name: Aldo Mascareño
Author-X-Name-First: Aldo
Author-X-Name-Last: Mascareño
Author-Name: Pablo A. Henríquez
Author-X-Name-First: Pablo A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Henríquez
Author-Name: Gonzalo A. Ruz
Author-X-Name-First: Gonzalo A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Ruz
Title: Drawing constitutional boundaries: A digital historical analysis of the writing process of Pinochet’s 1980 authoritarian constitution
Abstract: 
 Drawing conceptual boundaries is one of the defining features of constitution-making processes. These historically situated operations of boundary making are central to the definition of what counts as “constitutional” in a political community. In this article, we study the operations of conceptual delimitation performed by the Constitutional Commission (1973–1978) that drafted the 1980 Chilean Constitution, the trademark of Augusto Pinochet’s dictatorship. Using the eleven volumes of the Commission’s Official Records as our textual material (10,915 pages and 80,005 distinct words), we apply vector semantics, spectral clustering and bigram graph-based analysis to explore conceptual boundaries and the behavior of specific keywords shaping the space of constitutional meanings. Our results identify the ways in which the Commission defines the normative horizon of the new social and political order by transforming old semantic references into a renewed conceptual framework. This analysis shows the immanent relations between political action and conceptual elaboration that underlie the creation of constitutional texts, as well as the potential of computational methods for the study of constitutional history and constitution-making processes.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 145-167
Issue: 3
Volume: 55
Year: 2022
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2022.2065396
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2022.2065396
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:55:y:2022:i:3:p:145-167




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: VHIM_A_2047852_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220823T191300 git hash: 39867e6e2f
Author-Name: Dolores Sesma Carlos
Author-X-Name-First: Dolores
Author-X-Name-Last: Sesma Carlos
Author-Name: Jan Kok
Author-X-Name-First: Jan
Author-X-Name-Last: Kok
Author-Name: Michel Oris
Author-X-Name-First: Michel
Author-X-Name-Last: Oris
Title: Internal migrant trajectories within The Netherlands, 1850–1972: Applying cluster analysis and dissimilarity tree methods
Abstract: 
 Based on the life course perspective, this work adopts a sequence analysis approach to examine internal migrant trajectories and their interdependencies with life course factors. The analyses are based on longitudinal data from the Historical Sample of the Netherlands. The internal migrant trajectories of Dutch cohorts born between 1850 and 1922 are followed from birth until age fifty. Two sequence analysis methods are applied: (1) main migration patterns are described using cluster analysis, and explained by their associations with socio-demographic covariates using logit models; (2) migrant trajectory variations are investigated using a dissimilarity tree method with a discrepancy analysis. Seven distinct migrant trajectory patterns are derived from the cluster analysis. Early-life social status, place and region of origin are differently associated to these typologies, and an increased stability of specific trajectories over time is suggested. Fifteen homogeneous migrant trajectories are identified in the dissimilarity tree. The discrepancy between groups is explained by intricate interactions between birth cohort, social and place origin, as well as family formation. The cluster analysis suggests a stable regime of internal migration patterns over time. The dissimilarity tree method contributes to detect interdependencies of migrant trajectories, highlighting socio-economic, local and regional differences at birth.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 123-144
Issue: 3
Volume: 55
Year: 2022
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2022.2047852
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2022.2047852
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:55:y:2022:i:3:p:123-144




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: VHIM_A_2098216_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220823T191300 git hash: 39867e6e2f
Author-Name: Emily Klancher Merchant
Author-X-Name-First: Emily Klancher
Author-X-Name-Last: Merchant
Author-Name: Carrie S. Alexander
Author-X-Name-First: Carrie S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Alexander
Title: U.S. demography in transition
Abstract: 
 Demography, the social science of population studies, has changed dramatically over the past forty years, responding to a dual crisis of funding and moral legitimacy that hit the field in the mid-1970s. This article uses structural topic modeling in conjunction with the Oral History Project of the Population Association of America (PAA) to examine how demography survived the crisis. It finds that demographers turned to a new source of funding, the National Institutes of Health, shifted their research focus from overseas population growth to domestic socioeconomic inequality, and transformed the PAA from an interest group for people concerned about population problems to a professional association for academic demographers. These three shifts turned demography into the field it is today.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 168-188
Issue: 3
Volume: 55
Year: 2022
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2022.2098216
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2022.2098216
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:55:y:2022:i:3:p:168-188




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: VHIM_A_2065397_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Jeremi K. Ochab
Author-X-Name-First: Jeremi K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Ochab
Author-Name: Jan Škvrňák
Author-X-Name-First: Jan
Author-X-Name-Last: Škvrňák
Author-Name: Michael Škvrňák
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Škvrňák
Title: Detecting Ottokar II’s 1248–1249 uprising and its instigators in co-witnessing networks
Abstract: 
 We provide a detailed case study showing how social network analysis allows scholars to detect an event affecting the entire historical network under consideration and identify the responsible actors. We study the middle 13th century in Czech lands, where a rigid political structure of noble families surrounding the monarchs led to the uprising of part of the nobility. Having collected data on approximately 2,400 noblemen from 576 charters, we attempted to uncover social network features pointing to the rebellion and expose the noblemen who joined it. We observed, among other such quantifiable features, assortativity increasing before and resetting to random after the rebellion, a drop in the number of stable connections and subgraph similarity between yearly networks and regional titles (burgraves) rising in centrality above royal court officials in that period. The presented methods can be directly translated to other person-document data of comparable or larger sizes, and we hope it can help detect or disambiguate the timing of similar major events and the roles of people involved in them.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 189-208
Issue: 4
Volume: 55
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2022.2065397
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2022.2065397
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:55:y:2022:i:4:p:189-208




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: VHIM_A_2080135_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Timothy Stone
Author-X-Name-First: Timothy
Author-X-Name-Last: Stone
Author-Name: Don Lafreniere
Author-X-Name-First: Don
Author-X-Name-Last: Lafreniere
Author-Name: Rose Hildebrandt
Author-X-Name-First: Rose
Author-X-Name-Last: Hildebrandt
Title: Deep mapping the daily spaces of children and youth in the industrial city
Abstract: 
 Employing a deep mapping approach we aim to increase our understanding of the social, spatial, and temporal relationships children shared with the industrial city as it grew and evolved. In this paper, we spatialize and record-link numerous local and national datasets on environments and children including the complete count IPUMS historical census data to study the lives of schoolchildren in a twentieth century copper mining town in northern Michigan. Leaning on Hägerstrand’s time geography theory we place 2025 children within their built and social environments tracing their commutes to school, the school day, and their time at home. We demonstrate the utility of this approach through an analysis of students’ proximity to hazardous environments throughout the day.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 209-227
Issue: 4
Volume: 55
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2022.2080135
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2022.2080135
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:55:y:2022:i:4:p:209-227




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: VHIM_A_2032522_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Loïc Charles
Author-X-Name-First: Loïc
Author-X-Name-Last: Charles
Author-Name: Guillaume Daudin
Author-X-Name-First: Guillaume
Author-X-Name-Last: Daudin
Author-Name: Paul Girard
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Girard
Author-Name: Guillaume Plique
Author-X-Name-First: Guillaume
Author-X-Name-Last: Plique
Title: Exploring the transformation of French trade in the long eighteenth century (1713–1823): The TOFLIT18 project
Abstract: 
 The TOFLIT18 project documents French bilateral international trade flows from the 1710s to the 1820s. This article presents the TOFLIT18 dataset and its exploration tool (the “datascape”). We make four contributions: first, we discuss the institutional framework in which the sources were produced; second, we present our method to standardize the collected data and reduce the variety of commodity names, partners, and measurement units; third, we document how ad hoc classifications can be created to aggregate the dataset; fourth, we describe the use of our datascape in a case study of the loss of Canada by France. We show how the datascape’s interactive data visualizations can help quantitative historians analyze key events in French and European eighteenth century.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 228-258
Issue: 4
Volume: 55
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2022.2032522
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2022.2032522
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# input file: VHIM_A_2164879_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Christian M. Dahl
Author-X-Name-First: Christian M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Dahl
Author-Name: Torben S. D. Johansen
Author-X-Name-First: Torben S. D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Johansen
Author-Name: Emil N. Sørensen
Author-X-Name-First: Emil N.
Author-X-Name-Last: Sørensen
Author-Name: Christian E. Westermann
Author-X-Name-First: Christian E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Westermann
Author-Name: Simon Wittrock
Author-X-Name-First: Simon
Author-X-Name-Last: Wittrock
Title: Applications of machine learning in tabular document digitisation
Abstract: 
 Data acquisition forms the primary step in all empirical research. The availability of data directly impacts the quality and extent of conclusions and insights. In particular, larger and more detailed datasets provide convincing answers even to complex research questions. The main problem is that large and detailed usually imply costly and difficult, especially when the data medium is paper and books. Human operators and manual transcription has been the traditional approach for collecting historical data. We instead advocate the use of modern machine learning techniques to automate the digitization and transcription process. We propose a customizable end-to-end transcription pipeline to perform layout classification, table segmentation, and transcribe handwritten text that is suitable for tabular data, as is common in, e.g., census lists and birth and death records. We showcase our pipeline through two applications: The first demonstrates that unsupervised layout classification applied to raw scans of nurse journals can be used to obtain valuable insights into an extended nurse home visiting program. The second application uses attention-based neural networks for handwritten text recognition to transcribe age and birth and death dates and includes a comparison to automated transcription using Transkribus in the regime of tabular data. We describe each step in our pipeline and provide implementation insights.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 34-48
Issue: 1
Volume: 56
Year: 2023
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2023.2164879
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2023.2164879
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# input file: VHIM_A_2080134_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Peter A. Coclanis
Author-X-Name-First: Peter A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Coclanis
Author-Name: Tomoko Yagyu
Author-X-Name-First: Tomoko
Author-X-Name-Last: Yagyu
Title: Measuring mercantile concentration in eighteenth-century British America: Charleston, 1735–1775
Abstract: 
 In this article, the authors attempt to advance discussions of mercantile concentration in British North America in the eighteenth century by employing two measurement tools common in the field of industrial organization-concentration ratios and the Hirschman-Herfindahl Index (HHI)—to measure and analyze concentration levels in Charleston, South Carolina between 1735 and 1775. These tools allow for the creation of standardized measures, easing comparisons with other mercantile groups across space and time. The principal results suggest that mercantile concentration levels in Charleston were not high by modern standards, and that concentration may even have declined a bit over the course of this 41-year period. The authors draw on insights from the literature in industrial organization and the new institutional history to explain their findings. In so doing, they suggest that the relatively low levels of concentration were related to and reflected the “open-access order” characteristic of British North America, even in eighteenth-century South Carolina.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 1-17
Issue: 1
Volume: 56
Year: 2023
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2022.2080134
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2022.2080134
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# input file: VHIM_A_2128487_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: G. Geltner
Author-X-Name-First: G.
Author-X-Name-Last: Geltner
Author-Name: J. Coomans
Author-X-Name-First: J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Coomans
Title: The healthscaping approach: Toward a global history of early public health
Abstract: 
 This article presents a modular, multidisciplinary methodology for tracing how different communities in the deeper past adapted their behaviors and shaped their environments to address the health risks they faced, a process also known as “healthscaping.” Historians have made major strides in reconstructing preventative health programs across the pre- or non-industrial world, thereby challenging a common view of public health as a product of Euro-American modernity and biomedicine. However, these studies’ general focus on cities and their reliance on archival and other documents that are more readily available in Euro-American contexts, limit the intervention’s potential for rethinking the earlier history of public health comparatively, transregionally and on a global scale. A broader definition of health, additional sources and alternative methodologies allow us to expand research in and especially beyond urban Europe, promoting a global turn in health historiography that operates outside the seductive teleology of modernization, colonialism and imperialism.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 18-33
Issue: 1
Volume: 56
Year: 2023
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2022.2128487
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2022.2128487
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# input file: VHIM_A_2156957_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Ulaş Karakoç
Author-X-Name-First: Ulaş
Author-X-Name-Last: Karakoç
Title: A reassessment of industrial growth in interwar Turkey through first-generation sectoral estimates
Abstract: 
 This study presents the first sectorally disaggregated estimates of the industrial output growth for Turkey between World War I and II. These estimates indicate that at the aggregate level the existing official index overestimates the output growth. Secondly, the sectoral disaggregation shows that the industrial growth was balanced, as both textiles and food-processing branches, which comprised most of the value-added, grew significantly. Local industries expanded against the only modest gains in per capita consumption of manufactured goods and incomes. Output growth was positively correlated with higher initial import penetration and nominal protection rates, which implies that trade protectionism helped favorable relative prices induce domestic expansion. On the other hand, both import-competing and domestic-market-oriented sectors significantly expanded, which suggests that import repression and increasing domestic demand drove industrial growth.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 49-62
Issue: 1
Volume: 56
Year: 2023
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2022.2156957
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2022.2156957
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# input file: VHIM_A_2156958_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Eugene Costello
Author-X-Name-First: Eugene
Author-X-Name-Last: Costello
Author-Name: Kevin Kearney
Author-X-Name-First: Kevin
Author-X-Name-Last: Kearney
Author-Name: Benjamin Gearey
Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin
Author-X-Name-Last: Gearey
Title: Adapting to the Little Ice Age in pastoral regions: An interdisciplinary approach to climate history in north-west Europe
Abstract: 
 This paper uses interdisciplinary methods to investigate responses to the Little Ice Age in regions where livestock farming was dominant, a neglected subject due to the scarcity of detailed written records regarding pastoral land use. It argues that landscape-level histories which include pollen evidence and archaeology can address this challenge and reveal local processes of climate adaptation. Here we focus on Ireland and Scotland and a fascinating rise in small-scale cereal cultivation on upland pastures during the Little Ice Age. Bayesian modeling is used to test the chronological resolution of field evidence and compare it with climate reconstructions. We can see that the cultivation emerged in late medieval times, when cattle were facing climate-related stresses, and increased in early modern times during the Little Ice Age’s main phase. We suggest that it started in an indirect adaptation to climate change, supplementing supplies of food and fodder for pastoralists, but increased as rural populations and external market demands grew. There is a need for finer temporal resolution in pollen records and archaeology, as well as greater integration with socio-economic history, if we are to be more certain about changes in the relative significance of climate in pastoral land use.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 77-96
Issue: 2
Volume: 56
Year: 2023
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2022.2156958
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2022.2156958
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# input file: VHIM_A_2186998_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Maria J. Wisselgren
Author-X-Name-First: Maria J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wisselgren
Author-Name: Lotta Vikström
Author-X-Name-First: Lotta
Author-X-Name-Last: Vikström
Title: Behind the numbers: Authorities’ approach to measuring disability in Swedish populations from 1860 to 1930
Abstract: 
 This study investigates the main features of collected disability statistics for the censuses in Sweden, 1860–1930, when the disability prevalence rose from four to 21 individuals per thousand of the population. We use qualitative methods to analyze the means of collecting, categorizing, and defining disability, while quantitative methods help us calculate the prevalence by disability type and gender in urban and rural areas. Our long-term findings reveal that this increase reflects new approaches whereby authorities applied alternative methods to collect disability data, using additional sources, wider definitions, and introducing new disability categories. The temporal variations in disability prevalence were influenced by the social and political context and normative views on who was considered disabled or not.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 63-76
Issue: 2
Volume: 56
Year: 2023
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2023.2186998
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2023.2186998
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# input file: VHIM_A_2160399_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Marc Badia-Miró
Author-X-Name-First: Marc
Author-X-Name-Last: Badia-Miró
Author-Name: Anna Carreras-Marín
Author-X-Name-First: Anna
Author-X-Name-Last: Carreras-Marín
Author-Name: Agustina Rayes
Author-X-Name-First: Agustina
Author-X-Name-Last: Rayes
Title: Latin American exports during the first globalization: How statistical aggregation and standardization affect our understanding of trade
Abstract: 
 Data constraints determine the scope of historical research. The gradual digitalization of large sources has increased the number of approaches that can be applied to comprehend the past. Here, we show an example of how trade data can shed new light to better understand growth patterns of Latin America at the end of nineteenth century. Latin American exports during the First Globalization has mainly focused on the high concentration of few products to few markets. In this article, we propose a complementary way to measure diversification by considering the relative number of goods and the number of trade partners. To do so, we had to deal with historical official trade data hardly comparable, which has been homogenized for some countries in a 1910 benchmark (SITC-rev2). From that, we can offer a new measure of trade diversification, internationally comparable over time and across countries. Standardizing trade data also implies some consequences in the sense that the number of items for industrial goods is always greater than those for primary goods, arising the question if lower diversification is an inevitable result of specialization on commodities, or instead, it is a statistical artifact driven by the standard criterium we impose on data.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 97-114
Issue: 2
Volume: 56
Year: 2023
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2022.2160399
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2022.2160399
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# input file: VHIM_A_2198272_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Damian Clarke
Author-X-Name-First: Damian
Author-X-Name-Last: Clarke
Author-Name: Manuel Llorca Jaña
Author-X-Name-First: Manuel
Author-X-Name-Last: Llorca Jaña
Author-Name: Daniel Pailañir
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel
Author-X-Name-Last: Pailañir
Title: The use of quantile methods in economic history
Abstract: 
 Quantile regression and quantile treatment effect methods are powerful econometric tools for considering economic impacts of events or variables of interest beyond the mean. The use of quantile methods allows for an examination of impacts of some independent variable over the entire distribution of continuous dependent variables. Measurement in many quantitative settings in economic history have as a key input continuous outcome variables of interest. Among many other cases, human height and demographics, economic growth, earnings and wages, and crop production are generally recorded as continuous measures, and are collected and studied by economic historians. In this paper we describe and discuss the broad utility of quantile regression for use in research in economic history, review recent quantitative literature in the field, point to potential limits in its use, and provide an illustrative example of the use of these methods based on 20,000 records of human height measured across 50-plus years in the 19th and 20th centuries. We suggest that, despite limitations in certain settings, there is still considerably more room in the literature on economic history to convincingly and productively apply quantile regression methods.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 115-132
Issue: 2
Volume: 56
Year: 2023
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2023.2198272
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2023.2198272
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# input file: VHIM_A_2252330_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Krzysztof Ostafin
Author-X-Name-First: Krzysztof
Author-X-Name-Last: Ostafin
Author-Name: Mateusz Troll
Author-X-Name-First: Mateusz
Author-X-Name-Last: Troll
Author-Name: Krzysztof Ślusarek
Author-X-Name-First: Krzysztof
Author-X-Name-Last: Ślusarek
Author-Name: Anatoliy Smaliychuk
Author-X-Name-First: Anatoliy
Author-X-Name-Last: Smaliychuk
Author-Name: Anna Miklar
Author-X-Name-First: Anna
Author-X-Name-Last: Miklar
Author-Name: Krzysztof Gwosdz
Author-X-Name-First: Krzysztof
Author-X-Name-Last: Gwosdz
Author-Name: Natalia Kolecka
Author-X-Name-First: Natalia
Author-X-Name-Last: Kolecka
Author-Name: Dominik Kaim
Author-X-Name-First: Dominik
Author-X-Name-Last: Kaim
Title: Unlocking archival censuses for spatial analysis: An historical dataset of the administrative units of Galicia 1857–1910
Abstract: 
 The lack of long-term assessment of the administrative divisions of Galicia, a former part of the Austrian monarchy, has so far been a serious obstacle in the mapping and spatial analyses of archival census data. To fill this gap, we reconstructed the boundaries of 5944 cadastral communes, court districts, and political districts into circles (https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/PXDP41). Geometric boundaries are accompanied by different names according to census and cartographic sources. We found that a detailed reconstruction of the administrative units for Galicia is critically important for appropriately using census data in spatial analyses. So far, it has been neglected or considered difficult to perform because of the large area of the region, frequent administrative changes, and time-consuming map processing.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 160-175
Issue: 3
Volume: 56
Year: 2023
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2023.2252330
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2023.2252330
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# input file: VHIM_A_2284606_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Lisa Dillon
Author-X-Name-First: Lisa
Author-X-Name-Last: Dillon
Author-Name: Joshua MacFadyen
Author-X-Name-First: Joshua
Author-X-Name-Last: MacFadyen
Author-Name: Hilde Leikny Sommerseth
Author-X-Name-First: Hilde Leikny
Author-X-Name-Last: Sommerseth
Title: Introduction to editorial
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 133-133
Issue: 3
Volume: 56
Year: 2023
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2023.2284606
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2023.2284606
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# input file: VHIM_A_2239699_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Martha Bailey
Author-X-Name-First: Martha
Author-X-Name-Last: Bailey
Author-Name: Peter Z. Lin
Author-X-Name-First: Peter Z.
Author-X-Name-Last: Lin
Author-Name: A. R. Shariq Mohammed
Author-X-Name-First: A. R. Shariq
Author-X-Name-Last: Mohammed
Author-Name: Paul Mohnen
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Mohnen
Author-Name: Jared Murray
Author-X-Name-First: Jared
Author-X-Name-Last: Murray
Author-Name: Mengying Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Mengying
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Author-Name: Alexa Prettyman
Author-X-Name-First: Alexa
Author-X-Name-Last: Prettyman
Title: The creation of LIFE-M: The Longitudinal, Intergenerational Family Electronic Micro-Database project
Abstract: 
 This paper describes the creation of the Longitudinal, Intergenerational Family Electronic Micro-Database (LIFE-M), a new data resource linking vital records and decennial censuses for millions of individuals and families living in the late 19th and 20th centuries in the United States. This combination of records provides a life-course and intergenerational perspective on the evolution of health and economic outcomes. Vital records also enable the linkage of women, because they contain a crosswalk between women’s birth (i.e., “maiden”) and married names. We describe (1) the data sources, coverage, and linking sequence; (2) the process and supervised machine-learning methods used to link records longitudinally and across generations; and (3) the resulting linked samples, including linking rates, representativeness, and weights.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 138-159
Issue: 3
Volume: 56
Year: 2023
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2023.2239699
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2023.2239699
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# input file: VHIM_A_2276501_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Kamran Abbasi
Author-X-Name-First: Kamran
Author-X-Name-Last: Abbasi
Author-Name: Parveen Ali
Author-X-Name-First: Parveen
Author-X-Name-Last: Ali
Author-Name: Virginia Barbour
Author-X-Name-First: Virginia
Author-X-Name-Last: Barbour
Author-Name: Thomas Benfield
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas
Author-X-Name-Last: Benfield
Author-Name: Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo
Author-X-Name-First: Kirsten
Author-X-Name-Last: Bibbins-Domingo
Author-Name: Gregory E. Erhabor
Author-X-Name-First: Gregory E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Erhabor
Author-Name: Stephen Hancocks
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen
Author-X-Name-Last: Hancocks
Author-Name: Richard Horton
Author-X-Name-First: Richard
Author-X-Name-Last: Horton
Author-Name: Laurie Laybourn-Langton
Author-X-Name-First: Laurie
Author-X-Name-Last: Laybourn-Langton
Author-Name: Robert Mash
Author-X-Name-First: Robert
Author-X-Name-Last: Mash
Author-Name: Peush Sahni
Author-X-Name-First: Peush
Author-X-Name-Last: Sahni
Author-Name: Wadeia Mohammad Sharief
Author-X-Name-First: Wadeia Mohammad
Author-X-Name-Last: Sharief
Author-Name: Paul Yonga
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Yonga
Author-Name: Chris Zielinski
Author-X-Name-First: Chris
Author-X-Name-Last: Zielinski
Title: Time to treat the climate and nature crisis as one indivisible global health emergency
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 134-137
Issue: 3
Volume: 56
Year: 2023
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2023.2276501
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2023.2276501
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# input file: VHIM_A_2294085_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Correction
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 198-198
Issue: 3
Volume: 56
Year: 2023
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2023.2294085
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2023.2294085
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# input file: VHIM_A_2270404_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Robert L. J. Shaw
Author-X-Name-First: Robert L. J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Shaw
Author-Name: Tomáš Hampejs
Author-X-Name-First: Tomáš
Author-X-Name-Last: Hampejs
Author-Name: David Zbíral
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Zbíral
Title: Modeling systems of sentencing in early inquisition trials: Crime, social connectivity, and punishment in the register of Peter Seila (1241–2)
Abstract: 
 Despite significant research on the techniques of repression employed by medieval inquisitors against religious dissidents, the case-level influences on the penances they meted out are understood only vaguely: the extent to which sentencing “systems” existed is unknown. To overcome this, we apply formal methods – an exploratory analysis supported by crisp-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis, and statistical modeling founded on multiple linear regression – to the large and historically significant register of Peter Seila (1241–2), captured as structured data via a statement-based approach entitled “Computer-Assisted Semantic Text Modelling” (CASTEMO). The results show that Peter systematically weighted different types of crimes and dissident interactions when sentencing; they do not suggest, however, that he was influenced by accomplicity or kinship among the sentenced.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 176-197
Issue: 3
Volume: 56
Year: 2023
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2023.2270404
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2023.2270404
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# input file: VHIM_A_2312293_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Cormac Ó Gráda
Author-X-Name-First: Cormac
Author-X-Name-Last: Ó Gráda
Author-Name: Tyler Anbinder
Author-X-Name-First: Tyler
Author-X-Name-Last: Anbinder
Author-Name: Dylan Connor
Author-X-Name-First: Dylan
Author-X-Name-Last: Connor
Author-Name: Simone A. Wegge
Author-X-Name-First: Simone A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wegge
Title: The problem of false positives in automated census linking: Nineteenth-century New York’s Irish immigrants as a case study
Abstract: 
 Automated census linkage algorithms have become popular for generating longitudinal data on social mobility, especially for immigrants and their children. But what if these algorithms are particularly bad at tracking immigrants? This study utilizes a database on nineteenth-century Irish immigrants, generated from the most widely used algorithms, created by Abramitzky, Boustan, and Eriksson (ABE). Our objective is to assess the extent to which different individuals are erroneously linked together across census years and the consequences of these “false positives” for calculating social mobility. Our findings raise serious questions about the quality of the matches generated by the “first generation” of automated census linkage algorithms. False positives range from about one-third to one-half of all links. These bad links lead to sizeable estimation errors when measuring Irish immigrant social and geographic mobility.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 240-259
Issue: 4
Volume: 56
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2024.2312293
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2024.2312293
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:56:y:2023:i:4:p:240-259




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: VHIM_A_2277719_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Francisco J. Marco-Gracia
Author-X-Name-First: Francisco J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Marco-Gracia
Title: “Born yesterday, baptized today, buried tomorrow”: Early baptism as an indicator of negative life outcomes in rural Spain, 1890-1939
Abstract: 
 For centuries, the Catholic Church demanded that baptisms take place in the hours immediately after birth. This custom began to lose importance in the last decade of the nineteenth century, which increased the average time between birth and baptism. However, some children continued to be baptized shortly following their birth. Our objective is to analyze whether early baptism could serve as an indicator of the state of a child’s health in the short and long term. In our examination of the period 1890-1939, the results confirm that children with early baptisms were more likely to die (especially during the first month of life), married earlier and at a greater rate compared to the general population and, probably, experienced shorter lifespans.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 199-222
Issue: 4
Volume: 56
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2023.2277719
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2023.2277719
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:56:y:2023:i:4:p:199-222




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# input file: VHIM_A_2301578_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Dora L. Costa
Author-X-Name-First: Dora L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Costa
Author-Name: Coralee Lewis
Author-X-Name-First: Coralee
Author-X-Name-Last: Lewis
Author-Name: Noelle Yetter
Author-X-Name-First: Noelle
Author-X-Name-Last: Yetter
Title: Children and grandchildren of Union Army veterans: New data collections to study the persistence of longevity and socioeconomic status across generations
Abstract: 
 This paper introduces four new intergenerational and multigenerational datasets which follow both sons and daughters and which can be used to study the persistence of longevity, socioeconomic status, family structure, and geographic mobility across generations. The data follow the children of Black and White Union Army (US Civil War, 1861-5) veterans from birth to death, linking them to the available censuses. The White samples include an over-sample of children of ex-POWs. A separate collection links grandchildren of White Union Army veterans to their death records. The data were created with high quality manual linkage procedures utilizing a wide variety of records to establish links.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 223-239
Issue: 4
Volume: 56
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2023.2301578
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2023.2301578
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# input file: VHIM_A_2368458_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240625T135222 git hash: cf9af5b024
Author-Name: Gregory Clark
Author-X-Name-First: Gregory
Author-X-Name-Last: Clark
Author-Name: Neil Cummins
Author-X-Name-First: Neil
Author-X-Name-Last: Cummins
Author-Name: Matthew Curtis
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew
Author-X-Name-Last: Curtis
Title: Three new occupational status indices for England and Wales, 1800–1939
Abstract: 
 Using 1.6 m marriages, 1837–1939, and a genealogy of 428,000 people 1600–2022, we estimate three new occupational status indices for England 1800–1939. The first, CCC-HISCO, re-estimates the HISCAM-GB index, using 30 times as much data. The second, CCC, uses the same association methodology behind HISCAM to assign status but employs richer occupation classifications than in HISCO-GB. The third, CCC2, links this richer set of occupations to measures of education and wealth, using principal component analysis. The close correlation between the CCC and CCC2 indices shows the HISCAM methodology generates occupational status indices, rather than just social proximity measures. All three new indices perform better than existing HISCAM indices, by the metric of father-son status correlation. They all imply less social mobility 1800–1939 than current indices.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 41-66
Issue: 1
Volume: 57
Year: 2024
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2024.2368458
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2024.2368458
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: VHIM_A_2344004_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240625T135222 git hash: cf9af5b024
Author-Name: Marten Düring
Author-X-Name-First: Marten
Author-X-Name-Last: Düring
Author-Name: Estelle Bunout
Author-X-Name-First: Estelle
Author-X-Name-Last: Bunout
Author-Name: Daniele Guido
Author-X-Name-First: Daniele
Author-X-Name-Last: Guido
Title: Transparent generosity. Introducing the impresso interface for the exploration of semantically enriched historical newspapers
Abstract: 
 Semantically enriched historical newspapers offer a multitude of opportunities for data-driven exploration and analysis. In this paper we introduce the impresso interface which integrates several types of semantic enrichments and data visualization and thereby supports new exploratory workflows and the critical assessment of large-scale digitized source collections. The interface targets historians and integrates search, filtering, comparison, and recommendation based on automatically detected topics, linked named entities, text reuse, n-grams, image similarity, language, and OCR quality. We introduce the theoretical principles which guided interface development and reflect on the user requirements gathering process together with a case-study driven exemplification of novel workflows facilitated by the interface. We conclude with an overview of accompanying educational materials and discuss results from a user evaluation.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 20-40
Issue: 1
Volume: 57
Year: 2024
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2024.2344004
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2024.2344004
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:57:y:2024:i:1:p:20-40




Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: VHIM_A_2324163_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240625T135222 git hash: cf9af5b024
Author-Name: Alexis D.  Litvine
Author-X-Name-First: Alexis D.
Author-X-Name-Last:  Litvine
Author-Name: Arthur Starzec
Author-X-Name-First: Arthur
Author-X-Name-Last: Starzec
Author-Name: Rehmana Younis
Author-X-Name-First: Rehmana
Author-X-Name-Last: Younis
Author-Name: Yannick Faula
Author-X-Name-First: Yannick
Author-X-Name-Last: Faula
Author-Name: Mickaël Coustaty
Author-X-Name-First: Mickaël
Author-X-Name-Last: Coustaty
Author-Name: Leigh Shaw-Taylor
Author-X-Name-First: Leigh
Author-X-Name-Last: Shaw-Taylor
Author-Name: Véronique Églin
Author-X-Name-First: Véronique
Author-X-Name-Last: Églin
Title: Built-up areas of nineteenth-century Britain. An integrated methodology for extracting high-resolution urban footprints from historical maps
Abstract: 
 Using both “off the shelf” remote sensing software, machine learning and computational algorithms, this article details a new methodology to extract building and urban footprints from historical maps. We applied these methods to create the first dataset of all built-up areas (BUA) in Britain in the early nineteenth century, covering all locations with buildings in England, Wales, and Scotland. The developed methods can now be applied to other maps and regions to provide useful quantitative data for analyzing long-term urban development. The code and data created are made available with this article.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 1-19
Issue: 1
Volume: 57
Year: 2024
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2024.2324163
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2024.2324163
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: VHIM_A_2378794_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240625T135222 git hash: cf9af5b024
Author-Name: Emilie Bonhoure
Author-X-Name-First: Emilie
Author-X-Name-Last: Bonhoure
Author-Name: Olivier Musy
Author-X-Name-First: Olivier
Author-X-Name-Last: Musy
Author-Name: Ronan Tallec
Author-X-Name-First: Ronan
Author-X-Name-Last: Tallec
Title: Exploring French venality in the seventeenth century: Insights from a new database on offices
Abstract: 
 Venality was the French system of sales of public positions called offices. It was a stable and central institution within the French Old Regime. Though widely studied by historians, the topic lacks large-scale quantitative analysis. In this article, we fill this gap by presenting a novel and comprehensive database of 17th-century French offices, which includes more than 15,000 offices and large information about their characteristics, the institution they depended on, and their geographical jurisdiction. We also propose three quantitative examples of how this database could be used. Following the proposed research agenda, our database could be used for quantitative empirical studies and for multidisciplinary work, including history, political sciences, economics and administration.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 80-99
Issue: 2
Volume: 57
Year: 2024
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2024.2378794
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2024.2378794
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:57:y:2024:i:2:p:80-99



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# input file: VHIM_A_2368457_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240625T135222 git hash: cf9af5b024
Author-Name: James W. Oberly
Author-X-Name-First: James W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Oberly
Title: Counting question 20 on the 1870 census, the denial of the right to vote: Different tallies by the Census Office; the Minnesota Population Center; and Ancestry.com
Abstract: 
 Question 20 on the 1870 US Census asked respondents if they had been denied the right to vote. The Census Office told Congress in 1871 that 40,800 men answered yes to the question. The Minnesota Population Center (MPC) one percent sample of the 1870 entries projected 29,900 affirmative answers. By contrast, Ancestry.com counted more than 125,000 ‘yes’ answers. The three tallies stem from different assumptions about how to enter data from the manuscript pages. Researchers using the MPC 1% sample and the Ancestry.com full count sample should be aware of the different assumptions about how to enter data. The differences also indicate a need for a fourth count that captures the complexity of the asking and answering of question 20.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 100-122
Issue: 2
Volume: 57
Year: 2024
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2024.2368457
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2024.2368457
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:57:y:2024:i:2:p:100-122



Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: VHIM_A_2369230_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240625T135222 git hash: cf9af5b024
Author-Name: Andreas Ferrara
Author-X-Name-First: Andreas
Author-X-Name-Last: Ferrara
Author-Name: Patrick A. Testa
Author-X-Name-First: Patrick A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Testa
Author-Name: Liyang Zhou
Author-X-Name-First: Liyang
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhou
Title: New area- and population-based geographic crosswalks for U.S. counties and congressional districts, 1790–2020
Abstract: 
 In applied historical research, geographic units often differ in level of aggregation across datasets. One solution is to use crosswalks that associate factors located within one geographic unit to another, based on their relative areas. We develop an alternative approach based on relative populations, which accounts for heterogeneities in urbanization within counties. We construct population-based crosswalks for 1790 through 2020, which map county-level data across U.S. censuses, as well as from counties to congressional districts. Using official census data for congressional districts, we show that population-based weights outperform area-based ones in terms of similarity to official data.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 67-79
Issue: 2
Volume: 57
Year: 2024
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2024.2369230
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2024.2369230
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:57:y:2024:i:2:p:67-79

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# input file: VHIM_A_2400188_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240625T135222 git hash: cf9af5b024
Author-Name: Stefania Galli
Author-X-Name-First: Stefania
Author-X-Name-Last: Galli
Author-Name: Dimitrios Theodoridis
Author-X-Name-First: Dimitrios
Author-X-Name-Last: Theodoridis
Author-Name: Klas Rönnbäck
Author-X-Name-First: Klas
Author-X-Name-Last: Rönnbäck
Title: Reconstructing a slave society: Building the DWI panel, 1760-1914
Abstract: 
 In this article, we discuss the sources employed and the methodological choices that entailed assembling a novel, individual-level, large panel dataset containing an incredible wealth of data for an entire population in the Caribbean over a long time span: the DWI panel. The panel contains over 1.4 million observations spanning 154 years, well over 100 variables, and its records are linked across sources along demographic and geographic lines throughout the entire period. This richness is all the more valuable in light of the limited source availability characteristics of the area and is hoped to lead to a renewed debate on our understanding of former slave societies, while fostering collaborations with scholars who rely on similar datasets for other areas of the world.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 163-184
Issue: 3
Volume: 57
Year: 2024
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2024.2400188
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2024.2400188
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:57:y:2024:i:3:p:163-184



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# input file: VHIM_A_2414259_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240625T135222 git hash: cf9af5b024
Author-Name: Mathias Johansson
Author-X-Name-First: Mathias
Author-X-Name-Last: Johansson
Author-Name: Betto van Waarden
Author-X-Name-First: Betto
Author-X-Name-Last: van Waarden
Title: Structural reading: Developing the method of Structural Collocation Analysis using a case study on parliamentary reporting
Abstract: 
 To analyze large, digitized corpora, we introduce the new approach of “structural reading”, which combines the abstraction of distant reading with the nuance of close reading. We do so by developing the method of “structural collocation analysis” (SCA) that uses metadata categories to investigate how research topics behave across texts belonging to different categories. The method combines the robustness of traditional collocation analysis with the structural dimension of structural topic modeling, bridging corpus linguistics and text mining. SCA enables us to gain novel insights from existing corpora to shed new light on long-standing historical debates. We exemplify this method through a case study on the history of parliamentary reporting, using digitized British parliamentary proceedings. We discovered that discussions on parliamentary reporting were not dominated by a particular political party, but rather by senior MPs and MPs from urban areas – two categories we call “political insiders”. Metadata-based distinctions between different types of politicians thus enabled us to provide new perspectives on the history of parliamentary reporting.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 185-198
Issue: 3
Volume: 57
Year: 2024
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2024.2414259
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2024.2414259
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# input file: VHIM_A_2398455_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240625T135222 git hash: cf9af5b024
Author-Name: Mark A. McLean
Author-X-Name-First: Mark A.
Author-X-Name-Last: McLean
Author-Name: David Andrew Roberts
Author-X-Name-First: David Andrew
Author-X-Name-Last: Roberts
Author-Name: Martin Gibbs
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Gibbs
Title: Ghosts and the machine: testing the use of Artificial Intelligence to deliver historical life course biographies from big data
Abstract: 
 This article presents the findings of an experiment in the use of Artificial Intelligence text generation processes to convert historical ‘big data’ into narrative text. Using an extensive collection of records pertaining to the Australian colonial settlement of Norfolk Island in the South Pacific (1788–1814), we investigate Generative Large Language Model technology for converting tabulated data from the site into short pieces of novel text, describing the lives of transported convicts and free individuals recorded in our databases. These personalized stories are assessed for fluency and factual correctness. Using this process, we uncover some instructive problems and caveats. We detect AI’s inherent tendency toward bias and uncritical perspectives, including potentially offensive stereotypes. We also discover an unwelcome tendency to summarize data. So, whilst the outputs are for the most part effective and functional, we find that the best results still require artful human intervention to fully capture the most human aspects of history and heritage research.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 146-162
Issue: 3
Volume: 57
Year: 2024
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2024.2398455
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2024.2398455
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# input file: VHIM_A_2369234_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240625T135222 git hash: cf9af5b024
Author-Name: Kai Cheng
Author-X-Name-First: Kai
Author-X-Name-Last: Cheng
Author-Name: Sami Bensassi
Author-X-Name-First: Sami
Author-X-Name-Last: Bensassi
Author-Name: Robert J. R. Elliott
Author-X-Name-First: Robert J. R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Elliott
Author-Name: Eric Strobl
Author-X-Name-First: Eric
Author-X-Name-Last: Strobl
Title: Constructing a county-level environmental events dataset for China during the Ming and Qing dynasties (1368–1911)
Abstract: 
 This article builds on China’s rich recorded history to present a newly constructed dataset of environmental events at the county-level for the period 1368 to 1911. Essential to the dataset construction is the use of recently developed AI techniques, including new optical character recognition, lexical analysis based on machine learning, and word frequency analysis. The result is that environmental information was extracted from different sources, comprised of structured collections of printed historical records, and then combined and parameterized to construct a county-level environmental dataset that includes information on the incidence of cold spells, droughts, floods, and wind events. The dataset is validated and Geographic Information Systems are used to manage and present the spatially disaggregated data. The new data are expected to benefit future researchers looking to study historical environmental extreme events, or examine their impact on other aspects of Chinese economy and society.
Journal: Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History
Pages: 123-145
Issue: 3
Volume: 57
Year: 2024
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2024.2369234
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/01615440.2024.2369234
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Handle: RePEc:taf:vhimxx:v:57:y:2024:i:3:p:123-145