Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ben A. Potter Author-X-Name-First: Ben A. Author-X-Name-Last: Potter Title: Models of faunal processing and economy in Early Holocene interior Alaska Abstract: This study represents the first detailed published analysis of a relatively large archaeologically derived faunal assemblage in eastern Beringia for the Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene. The faunal remains, dated to 10,100 cal. BP, are well preserved and have highly resolved spatial association with lithics and hearth features. Factors in the formation of the assemblage are assessed through analyses of weathering, presence/absence of carnivore damage, fragmentation patterns, bone density, and economic utility. Taphonomic analyses indicate that human transport and processing decisions were the major agents responsible for assemblage formation. A spatial model of wapiti and bison carcass processing at this site is proposed detailing faunal trajectories from the kill sites, introduction on site in a central staging area to peripheral marrow extraction areas associated with hearths and lithic items. Data from mortality profiles, spatial analysis, and economic analysis are used to interpret general economy and site function within this period in Interior Alaska. These data and intersite comparisons demonstrate that considerable economic variability existed during the Early Holocene, from broad spectrum foraging to efficient, specialized terrestrial large mammal hunting. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 3-23 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2007 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963107x172714 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963107x172714 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:12:y:2007:i:1:p:3-23 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David K. Wright Author-X-Name-First: David K. Author-X-Name-Last: Wright Title: Tethered mobility and riparian resource exploitation among Neolithic hunters and herders in the Galana River basin, Kenyan coastal lowlands Abstract: Human activity along the Galana River inside Tsavo National Park, Kenya extends from 6000 years BP until at least 1300 years BP. This time period in East Africa predates and includes the Pastoral Neolithic – geographically and temporally linked early cattle-herding cultures comprised of autonomous communities with loose cultural connections to one another. Data from some sites located in the Great Rift Valley, Lake Victoria Basin and Central Kenyan Highlands indicate that after 3000 years BP, residential mobility patterns increased and pastoralists adopted a strong dependence on maintaining and culling herds of domesticated animals. This pattern is not borne out in Tsavo, where artefact analyses indicate that people had restricted mobility and relied primarily on exploitation of an endoaquatic resource base. This study hypothesises that subdecadal periodicity in El Niño/Southern Oscillation index (ENSO) along with a general trend toward aridification of East African landscapes provided the environmental backdrop for a subsistence regime focused primarily within riparian environments of the Coastal Lowlands region. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 25-47 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2007 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963107x172732 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963107x172732 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:12:y:2007:i:1:p:25-47 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Steven Mithen Author-X-Name-First: Steven Author-X-Name-Last: Mithen Author-Name: Phil Austen Author-X-Name-First: Phil Author-X-Name-Last: Austen Author-Name: Amanda Kennedy Author-X-Name-First: Amanda Author-X-Name-Last: Kennedy Author-Name: Helen Emberson Author-X-Name-First: Helen Author-X-Name-Last: Emberson Author-Name: Neil Lancaster Author-X-Name-First: Neil Author-X-Name-Last: Lancaster Author-Name: Bill Finlayson Author-X-Name-First: Bill Author-X-Name-Last: Finlayson Title: Early Neolithic woodland composition and exploitation in the Southern Levant: a comparison between archaeobotanical remains from WF16 and present-day woodland at Hammam Adethni Abstract: Excavations at the Pre-Pottery Neolithic site of WF16 in the Southern Levant produced an archaeobotanical assemblage constituted by plant macro-fossils and wood charcoal. As with all such assemblages, its species composition will most likely provide a biased reflection of those within the Neolithic woodland that had been exploited owing to cultural selection and differential preservation. As a means of facilitating its interpretation, a survey was undertaken of a relatively undisturbed patch of gallery woodland associated with a permanent water course at Hammam Adethni, approximately four kilometres south-east of WF16. The substantial overlap of the species within this woodland and those in the archaeobotanical assemblage suggests that this present-day woodland provides an analogue for that of the Neolithic and may therefore indicate what other plant resources the inhabitants of WF16 may have exploited, but which have left no archaeological trace. The interpretation of the results is supported by a comparative study of wood charcoal from present-day Bedouin hearths in Wadi Faynan. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 49-70 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2007 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963107x172741 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963107x172741 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:12:y:2007:i:1:p:49-70 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Koen Deforce Author-X-Name-First: Koen Author-X-Name-Last: Deforce Author-Name: Jan Bastiaens Author-X-Name-First: Jan Author-X-Name-Last: Bastiaens Author-Name: Vera Ameels Author-X-Name-First: Vera Author-X-Name-Last: Ameels Title: Peat re-excavated at the Abbey of Ename (Belgium): archaeobotanical evidence for peat extraction and long distance transport in Flanders around 1200 AD Abstract: Little is known about the medieval use of peat as fuel. Until now, most research has focused on different aspects of peat extraction but not on its consumption. However, the discovery and analysis of several fragments of peat bricks from an archaeological deposit dating around 1200 AD from the abbey of Ename (located along the upper part of the river Scheldt, near Oudenaarde, Flanders, Belgium) provided a first opportunity to gather information on the trade and use of peat in late medieval times in Flanders. Analysis of pollen and botanical macroremains from the peat bricks has shown that their composition is dominated by heather (Calluna vulgaris L. Hull and Erica tetralix L.) and peat moss (Sphagnum sp.), thus representing oligotrophic conditions. In the Ename region, only eutrophic peat is present. The nearest occurrence of oligotrophic peat has to be sought in the coastal area and the Scheldt estuary, two rather distant regions, which are known for (commercial) peat production in late medieval times. The Ename peat bricks not only illustrate the existence of long distance peat transport around 1200 AD, but also suggest the need for the import of fuel into the rural region of Oudenaarde. Indeed, from historical sources it is known that the extent of woodland in this part of Flanders showed a minimum in the late 13th century, presumably forcing people to look for alternative sources of fuel. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 87-94 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2007 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963107x172750 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963107x172750 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:12:y:2007:i:1:p:87-94 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Julie Jones Author-X-Name-First: Julie Author-X-Name-Last: Jones Author-Name: Heather Tinsley Author-X-Name-First: Heather Author-X-Name-Last: Tinsley Author-Name: Richard Brunning Author-X-Name-First: Richard Author-X-Name-Last: Brunning Title: Methodologies for assessment of the state of preservation of pollen and plant macrofossil remains in waterlogged deposits Abstract: Methodologies are proposed for assessing the state of preservation of pollen and plant macrofossil remains based on the investigation of known prehistoric waterlogged sites in the Somerset Levels, under threat from peat extraction and peat wastage. For each sample assessed, a fixed number of pollen grains and macrofossil seeds was classified according to deterioration type and scored for intensity of deterioration. The principal deterioration types recognised for pollen were biochemical (corrosion and degradation) and mechanical (breakage and crumpling). For seeds two main categories of deterioration were adopted, fragmentation and erosion/corrosion of the seed testa. The calculation of preservation indices for pollen and macrofossils allowed comparisons to be made within and between sites. A range of factors which may have influenced variations in preservation are briefly discussed. These methodologies are potentially valuable where there is a need to assess the survival of the archaeobotanical record, particularly where sites are sensitive to environmental change. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 71-86 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2007 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963107x172769 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963107x172769 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:12:y:2007:i:1:p:71-86 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reviewers Author-X-Name-First: Author-X-Name-Last: Title: Reviews Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 95-112 Issue: 1 Volume: 12 Year: 2007 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963106x123250 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963106x123250 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:12:y:2007:i:1:p:95-112 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mark Maltby Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Maltby Author-Name: Sheila Hamilton-Dyer Author-X-Name-First: Sheila Author-X-Name-Last: Hamilton-Dyer Title: Big fish and great auks: Exploitation of birds and fish on the Isle of Portland, Dorset, during the Romano-British period Abstract: The paper considers the assemblage of bird and fish bones from a Romano-British settlement on the Isle of Portland, on the southern coast of England. Compared with contemporary sites, the assemblage includes an unusually large number of fish bones from a wide range of marine species, including large cod, other Gadidae, several species of seabream, scad and bass. The bird assemblage includes bones of a butchered great auk. This provides the first evidence that this extinct species was nesting off the shores of central southern England and being exploited for food in this period. Other seabirds identified included razorbill, great northern diver and gannet. The species represented are discussed in relation to other Romano-British sites, particularly the Roman town of Dorchester, situated 15 km away. Many of the species have been discovered on only a few contemporary sites and the presence of the seabream in particular indicates that seawater temperatures may have been warmer than until very recently. Possible cultural changes in diet and food procurement in the Roman period are also considered. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 168-176 Issue: 2 Volume: 17 Year: 2012 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/1461410312Z.00000000016 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1461410312Z.00000000016 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:17:y:2012:i:2:p:168-176 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Reviews Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 185-190 Issue: 2 Volume: 17 Year: 2012 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/1461410312Z.00000000015 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1461410312Z.00000000015 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:17:y:2012:i:2:p:185-190 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Richard Madgwick Author-X-Name-First: Richard Author-X-Name-Last: Madgwick Author-Name: Jacqui Mulville Author-X-Name-First: Jacqui Author-X-Name-Last: Mulville Author-Name: Rhiannon E Stevens Author-X-Name-First: Rhiannon E Author-X-Name-Last: Stevens Title: Diversity in foddering strategy and herd management in late Bronze Age Britain: An isotopic investigation of pigs and other fauna from two midden sites Abstract: Middens of the southern British late Bronze and Iron Age are vast accumulations of cultural debris that can be explained as refuse dumps linked with large periodic feasting events. A distinctive feature of these sites is that their faunal assemblages invariably comprise a considerably higher proportion of pig remains than contemporaneous settlement sites. This paper presents results from a programme of stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope analysis of fauna from two major midden sites, Llanmaes in South Wales and Potterne in Wiltshire. The research aim is to reconstruct husbandry strategies and foddering regimes, particularly concerning pigs, to better understand how the challenges of raising large herds were met. Analysis produced exceptionally wide-ranging results for pigs and other domesticates at both sites, particularly in terms of δ15N values, demonstrating that diverse foddering strategies were employed. Diversity in the late Bronze Age pig foddering regimes indicates that the Neolithic husbandry practices (focusing on woodland fodder) had not been abandoned, but that new husbandry methods (consumption of household waste) were also being practised, which subsequently became more widely established in the Iron Age. The heterogeneity of signatures suggests that animals may have been husbanded in a piecemeal fashion at a local, household level. This in turn hints that fauna may have been brought to these sites from households across the surrounding landscape, rather than being husbanded by specialist producers in the vicinity of the middens. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 126-140 Issue: 2 Volume: 17 Year: 2012 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/1461410312Z.00000000011 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1461410312Z.00000000011 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:17:y:2012:i:2:p:126-140 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Smith Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Smith Author-Name: Harry Kenward Author-X-Name-First: Harry Author-X-Name-Last: Kenward Title: ‘Well, Sextus, what can we do with this?’ The disposal and use of insect-infested grain in Roman Britain Abstract: Beetle (Coleoptera) pests of stored products such as the granary weevil may have entered the archaeological record by various routes, including: (1) deliberate dumping, and usually burial, of spoilt grain with the aim of preventing further infestation of grain in storage; (2) the use of infested grain as human and animal food; (3) the incorporation of infested grain and living or dead grain pests into deposits by accident and by reworking. It is suggested that these routes, although outlined specifically for beetle grain pests, can stand as a model for the way other insects and biological remains became incorporated into the archaeological record. It also is suggested that the identification of these different depositional routes depends strongly on taking a multi-proxy (‘indicator group’ or ‘indicator package’) approach to the archaeological and biological record of urban sites. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 141-150 Issue: 2 Volume: 17 Year: 2012 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/1461410312Z.00000000012 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1461410312Z.00000000012 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:17:y:2012:i:2:p:141-150 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hannah Russ Author-X-Name-First: Hannah Author-X-Name-Last: Russ Author-Name: Ian Armit Author-X-Name-First: Ian Author-X-Name-Last: Armit Author-Name: Jo McKenzie Author-X-Name-First: Jo Author-X-Name-Last: McKenzie Author-Name: Andrew K G Jones Author-X-Name-First: Andrew K G Author-X-Name-Last: Jones Title: Deep-sea fishing in the Iron Age? New evidence from Broxmouth hillfort, South–east Scotland Abstract: Rescue excavations carried out during the 1970s at the Iron Age hillfort of Broxmouth in East Lothian produced a small assemblage of fish bone. Despite some uncertainties surrounding the recovery of this material, recent analysis has produced highly unusual results. In particular, the presence of large specimens of ling and other species raises the possibility that the Broxmouth community was, at least periodically, engaged in deep-sea fishing. This suggestion is at variance with present understandings of Iron Age fishing strategies which generally envisage more expedient practices, such as line fishing from the shore. Indeed, it has even been suggested that the consumption of fish was avoided altogether in Iron Age Britain, for religious or cosmological reasons. The composition of the Broxmouth assemblage thus has potentially important implications for our understanding of Iron Age marine exploitation. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 177-184 Issue: 2 Volume: 17 Year: 2012 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/1461410312Z.00000000014 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1461410312Z.00000000014 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:17:y:2012:i:2:p:177-184 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: René Kyselý Author-X-Name-First: René Author-X-Name-Last: Kyselý Author-Name: Martin Hájek Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Hájek Title: MtDNA haplotype identification of aurochs remains originating from the Czech Republic (Central Europe) Abstract: This study presents the results of the analysis of mtDNA bone samples morphologically determined to be aurochs (Bos primigenius) from four various archaeological finds in the Czech Republic (Central Europe). The results from two of them — the Pleistocene sample from Praha-Řeporyje and the Neolithic sample from Vedrovice — probably represent contamination by modern DNA. Sequences identified in the Eneolithic Kutná Hora-Denemark site (∼5 thousand BP) confirm the presence of haplogroup P in the geographically partly isolated Czech basin. This finding (the first of its kind within the Czech Republic) is consistent with other published findings showing the domination of this aurochs haplogroup line in Europe. The combination of large individual size and ‘domestic’ mtDNA suggest, if inconclusively, that the Early Medieval fourth sample from Vyšehrad could potentially represent an aurochs/domestic cattle hybrid. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 118-125 Issue: 2 Volume: 17 Year: 2012 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/1461410312Z.00000000010 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1461410312Z.00000000010 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:17:y:2012:i:2:p:118-125 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Abigail Fisher Author-X-Name-First: Abigail Author-X-Name-Last: Fisher Author-Name: Richard Thomas Author-X-Name-First: Richard Author-X-Name-Last: Thomas Title: Isotopic and zooarchaeological investigation of later medieval and post-medieval cattle husbandry at Dudley Castle, West Midlands Abstract: Zooarchaeological analysis of a substantial assemblage of animal bones excavated from Dudley Castle, West Midlands, revealed two significant changes in cattle management in the late medieval and post-medieval periods: a statistically significant increase in size in the later 14th century; and a gradual reduction in slaughter age. To explore whether these altered husbandry practices were accompanied by modifications to the diet and environment of these animals, a targeted study of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values from 135 cattle bones was conducted. This analysis revealed that δ13C and δ15N values were broadly consistent between the mid-13th and mid-18th centuries. Only two statistically significant diachronic variations were identified: a temporary decrease in δ13C values in phase 7 (1397–1533); and lower variation in δ13C values in phase 9 (1647–1750). A number of explanations for these changes are offered. While the zooarchaeologically attested shifts in cattle husbandry were not accompanied by isotopically detectable changes to diet and environment, the analysis of stable isotopes highlighted other changes that were not detected using traditional zooarchaeological analysis. The complimentary benefits of zooarchaeological and isotopic approaches are extolled. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 151-167 Issue: 2 Volume: 17 Year: 2012 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/1461410312Z.00000000013 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1461410312Z.00000000013 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:17:y:2012:i:2:p:151-167 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Garðar Guðmundsson Author-X-Name-First: Garðar Author-X-Name-Last: Guðmundsson Author-Name: Guðrún Sveinbjarnardóttir Author-X-Name-First: Guðrún Author-X-Name-Last: Sveinbjarnardóttir Author-Name: Gordon Hillman Author-X-Name-First: Gordon Author-X-Name-Last: Hillman Title: Charred remains of grains and seeds from the medieval high-status farm site of Reykholt in western Iceland Abstract: Iceland was settled, primarily by peoples from Norway and the northern British Isles, in the 9th and 10th centuries. The first settlers brought with them from their homelands an agricultural system based on animal husbandry, of which cereal cultivation was an element and also with inputs from fishing, hunting and gathering of wild plants. There are strong indications that barley was cultivated during the first centuries in some parts of the country and that cultivation was at least attempted in other areas. However, Iceland is near the climatic limits of the barley-growing zone, and it is open to discussion how reliable a food source locally grown barley would have been. This paper discusses a seed assemblage of cultivated barley and archetypical weeds of cereal crops dated to between the 10th and 12th centuries AD obtained during archaeological excavations at the high status farm of Reykholt in western Iceland. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 111-117 Issue: 2 Volume: 17 Year: 2012 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/1461410312Z.0000000009 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1461410312Z.0000000009 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:17:y:2012:i:2:p:111-117 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reviewers Author-X-Name-First: Author-X-Name-Last: Title: Reviews Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 189-202 Issue: 2 Volume: 13 Year: 2008 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963108X343308 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963108X343308 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:13:y:2008:i:2:p:189-202 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Saddha Cuijpers Author-X-Name-First: Saddha Author-X-Name-Last: Cuijpers Author-Name: Roel C. G. M. Lauwerier Author-X-Name-First: Roel C. G. M. Author-X-Name-Last: Lauwerier Title: Differentiating between bone fragments from horses and cattle: a histological identification method for archaeology Abstract: Bone fragments are often difficult to determine in archaeozoology. A new approach has been adopted to explore the extent to which qualitative histology allows horses and cattle to be distinguished. Since bone structure can differ even within a single bone, restrictions in terms of species, bone category and bone part were deemed necessary for the development of a practicable identification method for archaeological bone. To broaden our understanding of variations in the diaphyseal bone structure within and between the two species, a reference series has been compiled, comprising long bones from several individual horse and cattle specimens. While no difference in bone structure types or combinations of types could be observed in the reference series, the composition of the fibro-lamellar bone structure did reveal a distinction between horses and cattle. In some regions of the thin sections both species showed components of equal thickness. However, this was always found in combination with a clear dominance of either the lamellar or fibrous component. The fibrous component predominated in cattle, and, with one exception, the lamellar component was predominant in horses. The study was concluded with two blind tests on archaeological bone fragments to test the applicability of the method. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 165-179 Issue: 2 Volume: 13 Year: 2008 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963108X343281 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963108X343281 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:13:y:2008:i:2:p:165-179 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Catherine Dupont Author-X-Name-First: Catherine Author-X-Name-Last: Dupont Author-Name: Grégor Marchand Author-X-Name-First: Grégor Author-X-Name-Last: Marchand Title: Coastal exploitation in the Mesolithic of western France: la Pointe Saint-Gildas (Préfailles) Abstract: Following surveys carried out over many years, three Mesolithic sites have been identified at the ‘Pointe Saint-Gildas’ near the Loire estuary. They are situated in proximity to more than 20 indications of the presence of Mesolithic populations. Two of the three excavated stations provide the only evidence of the subsistence of these Late Mesolithic populations. These excavations were carried out in 1994 at station 1a, and in 2003 and 2004 at station 1b, and revealed a lithic industry based on blades and small concentrations of shells. The dominant arrowhead types are large scalene triangles, but with some asymmetrical trapeze-shaped points. They are associated with industries based on blades and bladelets with non-parallel edges. The analysis of shells indicates the exploitation of resources on a muddy shore, whereas these sites currently overlook a rocky zone. The Holocene transgression has masked the trace of a noticeable estuarine influence, according to studies of the bathymetry and underwater sedimentary cores. Dating of the shells yields ages between 6600 and 6400 BC at Saint-Gildas 1b. The marked deterioration of these sites by erosion and the inaccurate calibration of the dates lead to uncertainties in the interpretation. Nevertheless, these assemblages are the first example of the emergence of Late Mesolithic industries on the Armorican Massif. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 143-152 Issue: 2 Volume: 13 Year: 2008 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963108X343263 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963108X343263 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:13:y:2008:i:2:p:143-152 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anna-Kaisa Puputti Author-X-Name-First: Anna-Kaisa Author-X-Name-Last: Puputti Author-Name: Markku Niskanen Author-X-Name-First: Markku Author-X-Name-Last: Niskanen Title: The estimation of body weight of the reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L.) from skeletal measurements: preliminary analyses and application to archaeological material from 17th- and 18th-century northern Finland Abstract: In this study, a variety of postcranial skeletal measurements of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L.) are used to predict the body mass. Regression equations for estimating the body weight of females as well as correction factors for estimating the weight of males are generated. These are applied to archaeological reindeer bones from 17th- and 18th-century Northern Finland. Predicted weights of archaeological reindeer correspond well with the weight of modern reindeer. Sexual dimorphism, however, caused problems in this analysis, since the criteria used for sex assessment affect the body weight prediction and thus the results of inter-assemblage comparisons. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 153-164 Issue: 2 Volume: 13 Year: 2008 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963108X343272 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963108X343272 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:13:y:2008:i:2:p:153-164 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Simon Mays Author-X-Name-First: Simon Author-X-Name-Last: Mays Title: Human remains in marine archaeology Abstract: This paper deals with human remains in marine contexts, both from the intertidal zone and from below low water mark. Some of the legal and ethical aspects pertaining to human remains are discussed, with an emphasis on the English experience. Survival of human remains in marine environments is considered, and recovery procedures in fieldwork projects are discussed. Finally, drawing upon work from Britain and from other parts of Europe, particularly on remains from wreck sites, attempts are made to discern some of the more important directions for research on human remains from marine archaeological contexts. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 123-133 Issue: 2 Volume: 13 Year: 2008 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963108X343245 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963108X343245 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:13:y:2008:i:2:p:123-133 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andrea Bertacchi Author-X-Name-First: Andrea Author-X-Name-Last: Bertacchi Author-Name: Tiziana Lombardi Author-X-Name-First: Tiziana Author-X-Name-Last: Lombardi Author-Name: Alessandra Sani Author-X-Name-First: Alessandra Author-X-Name-Last: Sani Author-Name: Paolo Emilio Tomei Author-X-Name-First: Paolo Emilio Author-X-Name-Last: Tomei Title: Plant macroremains from the Roman harbour of Pisa (Italy) Abstract: Results relating to the identification of macroscopic plant remains (leaves, fruits, seeds) discovered during the archaeological excavation of the Roman harbour of Pisa, in Tuscany, Italy are reported. The plant samples include the cultivated species Prunus spp., Corylus, Olea, Vicia, Juglans and the nemoral wild species Salix spp., Quercus spp., Fagus, Ulmus, Alnus. The remains of cultivated plants — fragments of fruits and seeds — were perhaps part of the boats' cargo or stores for the crew's meals. In the case of the wild taxa, the simultaneous presence of fruit and leaves, suggests that the remains recovered came from the forest vegetation bordering the area of excavation and the adjacent higher grounds, thus delineating a new vegetation landscape for the ager pisanus. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 181-188 Issue: 2 Volume: 13 Year: 2008 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963108X343290 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963108X343290 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:13:y:2008:i:2:p:181-188 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roel C. G. M. Lauwerier Author-X-Name-First: Roel C. G. M. Author-X-Name-Last: Lauwerier Author-Name: Frits J. Laarman Author-X-Name-First: Frits J. Author-X-Name-Last: Laarman Title: Relics of 16th-century gutted herring from a Dutch vessel Abstract: During the excavation of a 16th-century vessel at Biddinghuizen in the Netherlands, barrels containing the remains of thousands of herring were found. The skeletal element distribution made it clear that these fish had been preserved by means of gutting. The large amount of material, combined with the differences in the size and composition of the samples taken allowed the complex to serve as a good reference framework for the variability in the occurrence of preserved herring of this type. The method, described by Seeman (1986), of identifying gutted herring on the basis of archaeological material has been extended to include more diagnostic skeletal elements, criteria for sample sizes and requirements concerning the elements that must be present in a sample to obtain reliable conclusions. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 135-142 Issue: 2 Volume: 13 Year: 2008 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963108X343254 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963108X343254 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:13:y:2008:i:2:p:135-142 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Greg Campbell Author-X-Name-First: Greg Author-X-Name-Last: Campbell Title: Beyond means to meaning: using distributions of shell shapes to reconstruct past collecting strategies Abstract: Archaeological shell assemblages are often compared by the average size of a given shell species, with smaller average sizes taken as indicating greater human exploitation. This is simplistic, since the average size of a species of shellfish naturally varies considerably across a shore and over time. This distribution of shell size, shape and density varies systematically, according to a predictable pattern. Ancient shellfish collecting strategies can be reconstructed by comparing distributions of size, shape and age of archaeological shells to this systematic pattern. Methods for recovering these distributions from archaeological shell assemblages are outlined, and some recent applications to archaeological shell assemblages are highlighted. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 111-121 Issue: 2 Volume: 13 Year: 2008 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963108X343236 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963108X343236 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:13:y:2008:i:2:p:111-121 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zoë J. Hazell Author-X-Name-First: Zoë J. Author-X-Name-Last: Hazell Title: Offshore and intertidal peat deposits, England — a resource assessment and development of a database Abstract: In response to an enhanced interest in submerged landscapes and their nature, use and exploitation by early inhabitants, a multidisciplinary inventory of intertidal, nearshore and offshore peat deposits and ‘submerged forests’ around the English coast was compiled. The main driver was to assess the research potential of these types of deposits, in terms of their number, distribution and characteristics in order to identify recording priorities, especially where there is risk of either loss by erosion or of further submergence. The data collected included detailed site descriptions, locations, altitudes relative to modern sea-level, associated archaeological artefacts and any radiocarbon ages, as well as bibliographic references. Information was gathered from published sources, grey literature and the National Monuments Record, although some data (particularly those associated with offshore developments and aggregate extraction) remain confidential. At present the database contains information on over 300 sites, stored electronically. It constitutes a centralised resource to facilitate future coastal and marine research projects. Currently the database is only accessible on a one-to-one basis, but there are plans to make it available to users online. The project successfully involved the amalgamation of information from diverse sources and resulted in bringing together the often-segregated disciplines of Archaeology, Geology and Geography, with the hope of strengthening these relationships in the future. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 101-110 Issue: 2 Volume: 13 Year: 2008 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963108X343227 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963108X343227 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:13:y:2008:i:2:p:101-110 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F. Igor Gutiérrez Zugasti Author-X-Name-First: F. Igor Author-X-Name-Last: Gutiérrez Zugasti Title: Early Holocene land snail exploitation in northern spain: the case of La Fragua cave Abstract: The question of the anthropic or natural origin of land snail deposits within the archaeological record is the subject of debate all over the world. In the Cantabrian region of northern Spain land snail middens are routinely identified in the early Holocene archaeological record. La Fragua Cave (Cantabria, Spain), which contains an early Holocene layer dated to 9600±140 BP (10,932±196 cal BP), offers the opportunity to address this debate through the examination of Cepaea nemoralis (Linnaeus) land snails recovered in direct association with mammal bones, charcoal, lithic artefacts and other materials. It is therefore believed that their presence at the site is clearly anthropic in origin. In addition, the exploitation patterns indicate an occasional collection and consumption of land snails, which confirms the complementary character of these resources in the diet of hunter-gatherers in Cantabrian Spain during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 36-48 Issue: 1 Volume: 16 Year: 2011 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/146141010X12640787648306 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/146141010X12640787648306 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:16:y:2011:i:1:p:36-48 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mary J. Thornbush Author-X-Name-First: Mary J. Author-X-Name-Last: Thornbush Author-Name: Joseph R. Desloges Author-X-Name-First: Joseph R. Author-X-Name-Last: Desloges Title: Palaeoenvironmental reconstruction at an oxbow lake situated at the lower Nottawasaga River, southern Ontario, Canada Abstract: The purpose of this investigation at the lower Nottawasaga River in southern Ontario, Canada, was to reconstruct the impact of base level on fluvial stability and human occupation during the Holocene in a topographically confined section, where the river cuts through the Edenvale Moraine. Three cores were extracted from an oxbow lake (Doran Lake) and a ground-penetrating radar survey was executed in its vicinity to study wider subsurface alluvial architecture. Radiocarbon dating suggests that the Nottawasaga River became entrenched in the Edenvale Moraine early in the Holocene, with base-level lowering in the Lake Huron basin, and that Doran Lake formed towards the middle Holocene as a meander cutoff when water levels in the Lake Huron basin increased, leading to a period of fluvial instability, enhanced flow and floodplain aggradation. Fluctuating lake levels would have affected human settlement as well as the preservation and visibility of archaeological remains predominantly through vertical accretion. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 1-15 Issue: 1 Volume: 16 Year: 2011 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/146141010X12640787648216 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/146141010X12640787648216 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:16:y:2011:i:1:p:1-15 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kim Vickers Author-X-Name-First: Kim Author-X-Name-Last: Vickers Author-Name: Eva Panagiotakopulu Author-X-Name-First: Eva Author-X-Name-Last: Panagiotakopulu Title: Insects in an abandoned landscape: late Holocene palaeoentomological investigations at Sandhavn, Southern Greenland Abstract: The late Holocene landscape and environment at Sandhavn in Greenland's Eastern Settlement are considered in the light of recent palaeoentomological investigations. Samples dating to post-Norse peat accumulation suggest that Norse activity had no lasting effect on the beetle fauna and environment at Sandhavn after its abandonment in the Medieval period. The faunas recovered may be assumed to be characteristic of the surrounding environment, and indicate that the site was situated in an area of wetland and heath. The assemblages are discussed in the context of the sub-fossil and modern coleopteran faunal history of the North Atlantic islands, and as evidence for post-abandonment environmental conditions in Greenland. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 49-57 Issue: 1 Volume: 16 Year: 2011 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/146141011X12982881281911 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/146141011X12982881281911 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:16:y:2011:i:1:p:49-57 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mélanie Rousseau Author-X-Name-First: Mélanie Author-X-Name-Last: Rousseau Title: Paraffin flotation for archaeoentomological research: is it really efficient? Abstract: Paraffin flotation has been used extensively in archaeoentomology and paleoentomology in the last four decades but not tested systematically. Its efficiency is here assessed. Eighty-five per cent of the identifiable coleopteran remains were recovered regardless of any variables. Some explanations of the method's variable efficiency given in published literature were tested, namely the experience of the technician, the nature of the residue, and the taxon and body part. Difference in recovery rates between four categories of workers proved significant. Residue type influences the efficiency of the method but the type of sclerite was of little importance in the process. Overall, however, paraffin flotation was shown to be sufficiently efficient and its continued use is recommended. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 58-64 Issue: 1 Volume: 16 Year: 2011 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/146141010X12640787648342 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/146141010X12640787648342 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:16:y:2011:i:1:p:58-64 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reviewers Author-X-Name-First: Author-X-Name-Last: Title: Reviews Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 65-76 Issue: 1 Volume: 16 Year: 2011 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/146141011X12982881281876 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/146141011X12982881281876 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:16:y:2011:i:1:p:65-76 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jane Wheeler Author-X-Name-First: Jane Author-X-Name-Last: Wheeler Title: Charcoal analysis of industrial fuelwood from medieval and early modern iron-working sites in Bilsdale and Rievaulx, North Yorkshire, UK: evidence for species selection and woodland management Abstract: This paper presents the results of species diversity and dendrological analyses of archaeological charcoal excavated from medieval and early modern iron production sites in Bilsdale, and at Rievaulx in the neighbouring valley of Ryedale, North Yorkshire, UK. Standard methods of quantification are used to assess species diversity, sampling sufficiency and taxa presence. The assessment of dendrological features provides additional evidence for growth trends and cutting cycles analogous with cyclical woodland management, as well as environmental and growing conditions. Analysis of archaeological charcoal from four medieval bloomery furnace sites in Bilsdale, and from the site of the hammersmithy and blast furnace at the early modern iron works at Rievaulx, provide comparable data-sets which indicate a change in cutting practise and dominant species selection for industrial fuelwood occurred between the 12th- and mid-16th centuries AD. Results show that dominant species presence changed from an admixture of predominantly birch (Betula sp.) and hazel (Corylus avellana) sourced from small calibre branchwood and stemwood used in the medieval bloomery furnaces, to a dominant oak (Quercus sp.) presence from standard sources used at the Rievaulx iron works by the mid-16th century. Whilst it is uncertain whether this change in dominant species composition and the source of industrial fuelwood is related to changes in local availability, or the result of the technological transition to blast furnace processing which occurred at this time, estate records reveal a woodland management campaign was instigated to supply and maintain fuelwood supplies to the iron works at Rievaulx which coincides with the introduction of Tudor arboricultural legislation in the 1540s. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 16-35 Issue: 1 Volume: 16 Year: 2011 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/146141010X12640787648261 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/146141010X12640787648261 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:16:y:2011:i:1:p:16-35 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Emily Murray Author-X-Name-First: Emily Author-X-Name-Last: Murray Author-Name: Finbar McCormick Author-X-Name-First: Finbar Author-X-Name-Last: McCormick Author-Name: Gill Plunkett Author-X-Name-First: Gill Author-X-Name-Last: Plunkett Title: The Food Economies of Atlantic Island Monasteries: The Documentary and Archaeo-Environmental Evidence Abstract: Much of our knowledge of Early Medieval monastic economies is based on contemporary documentary sources. Until recently, this literary record has had little in the way of useful archaeo-environmental data to support it. This paper examines the unusually rich environmental remains recovered from the excavations at two early island monasteries – Iona, in the Inner Hebrides, and Illaunloughan, Co. Kerry. The assemblages present a key opportunity to compare and contrast the literary accounts of the monastic diet with the physical evidence, and offer new insights into the economy of early monasteries. We conclude that the archaeological record indicates a much wider food base than previously documented, demonstrating the importance of integrating both strands of evidence. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 179-188 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2004 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2004.9.2.179 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2004.9.2.179 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:9:y:2004:i:2:p:179-188 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nicki J. Whitehouse Author-X-Name-First: Nicki J. Author-X-Name-Last: Whitehouse Author-Name: Eileen M. Murphy Author-X-Name-First: Eileen M. Author-X-Name-Last: Murphy Author-Name: Gill Plunkett Author-X-Name-First: Gill Author-X-Name-Last: Plunkett Title: Human Exploitation and Biota of Islands Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 113-115 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2004 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2004.9.2.113 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2004.9.2.113 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:9:y:2004:i:2:p:113-115 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nicki J. Whitehouse Author-X-Name-First: Nicki J. Author-X-Name-Last: Whitehouse Author-Name: David N. Smith Author-X-Name-First: David N. Author-X-Name-Last: Smith Title: 'Islands' in Holocene Forests: Implications for Forest Openness, Landscape Clearance and 'Culture-Steppe' Species Abstract: Human activity has undoubtedly had a major impact on Holocene forested ecosystems, with the concurrent expansion of plants and animals associated with cleared landscapes and pasture, also known as 'culture-steppe'. However, this anthropogenic perspective may have underestimated the contribution of autogenic disturbance (e.g. wind-throw, fire), or a mixture of autogenic and anthropogenic processes, within early Holocene forests. Entomologists have long argued that the north European primary forest was probably similar in structure to pasture woodland. This idea has received support from the conservation biologist Frans Vera, who has recently strongly argued that the role of large herbivores in maintaining open forests in the primeval landscapes of Europe has been seriously underestimated. This paper reviews this debate from a fossil invertebrate perspective and looks at several early Holocene insect assemblages. Although wood taxa are indeed important during this period, species typical of open areas and grassland and dung beetles, usually associated with the dung of grazing animals, are persistent presences in many early woodland faunas. We also suggest that fire and other natural disturbance agents appear to have played an important ecological role in some of these forests, maintaining open areas and creating open vegetation islands within these systems. More work, however, is required to ascertain the role of grazing animals, but we conclude that fossil insects have a significant contribution to make to this debate. This evidence has fundamental implications in terms of how the palaeoecological record is interpreted, particularly by environmental archaeologists and palaeoecologists who may be more interested in identifying human-environment interactions rather than the ecological processes which may be preserved within palaeoecological records. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 199-208 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2004 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2004.9.2.199 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2004.9.2.199 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:9:y:2004:i:2:p:199-208 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rachel Ballantyne Author-X-Name-First: Rachel Author-X-Name-Last: Ballantyne Title: Islands in Wilderness: The Changing Medieval Use of the East Anglian Peat Fens, England Abstract: Archaeobotanical remains from an excavated 'low-status' Medieval rural settlement on the fen-edge at Ely, East Anglia, England, are presented as new evidence for the relationship between farming and collected fen resources. During the Early Medieval phases of the settlement (early 8th to early 12th centuries) there is little evidence for use of fen. The assemblage is compared with other bioarchaeological and historical evidence for Medieval subsistence within the Fenland and East Anglia. It is argued that cultural values, the role of the monasteries and broader Medieval economic trends must be considered when interpreting the pattern identified at Ely. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 189-198 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2004 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2004.9.2.189 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2004.9.2.189 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:9:y:2004:i:2:p:189-198 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Author-X-Name-First: Author-X-Name-Last: Title: Guidelines for authors Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 209-209 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2004 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2004.9.2.209 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2004.9.2.209 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:9:y:2004:i:2:p:209-209 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Everett Bassett Author-X-Name-First: Everett Author-X-Name-Last: Bassett Title: Reconsidering Evidence of Tasmanian Fishing Abstract: For many years it has been accepted that prehistoric Tasmanians lost the ability to fish. This has led to the suggestion that small populations can become intellectually and culturally disadvantaged as a result of isolation and population size. This conclusion was based on assumptions regarding the value of fishing and on the significance of fish fauna found within archaeological contexts. A review of this issue suggests that fish remains from Tasmania are, instead, the result of primary butchering of juvenile seals at a few unique sites and that the prehistoric and ethnohistoric records are consistent. A framework is provided to test the contrasting interpretations. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 135-142 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2004 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2004.9.2.135 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2004.9.2.135 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:9:y:2004:i:2:p:135-142 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christina Fredengren Author-X-Name-First: Christina Author-X-Name-Last: Fredengren Author-Name: Meriel McClatchie Author-X-Name-First: Meriel Author-X-Name-Last: McClatchie Author-Name: Ingelise Stuijts Author-X-Name-First: Ingelise Author-X-Name-Last: Stuijts Title: Connections and Distance: Investigating Social and Agricultural Issues Relating to Early Medieval Crannogs in Ireland Abstract: This paper considers approaches to the study of Early Medieval crannogs in Ireland, focussing particularly on social and agricultural issues. The architecture of crannogs suggests an act of isolation, perhaps representing an Early Medieval ideology, while their material assemblages demonstrate that people in their practical lives would have depended on others to varying extents. Previously held hypotheses concerning the association of crannogs exclusively with higher-status social groups are challenged in this paper. The perceived dominance of animal husbandry in many archaeological texts is also questioned. The diverse roles of arable agricultural products in Early Medieval society are then explored, with the use of contemporary documentary sources, in order to investigate issues beyond economic concerns. Our excavation of a crannog at Sroove in Lough Cara, Co. Sligo, provides a case study with which we can reconsider approaches to the study of crannogs in Ireland. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 173-178 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2004 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2004.9.2.173 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2004.9.2.173 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:9:y:2004:i:2:p:173-178 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stephen A. Royle Author-X-Name-First: Stephen A. Author-X-Name-Last: Royle Title: Human Interference on Ascension Island Abstract: Ascension Island, off the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, is young, isolated and had developed only a restricted range of flora and fauna before discovery in 1501 when degradation of its limited ecosystems began, following the introduction of goats and rats. Matters worsened after 1815 when the British annexed Ascension. Cats released to control rats instead preyed upon the abundant seabird population. Introduced species transformed the environment as the British attempted to 'beautify' and utilise their outpost for food production. During the Second World War the Americans built an airstrip, and later Ascension became a communications centre. Such activities have had further impact from shaving off the tops of cinder cones to make platforms for hardware to making some of the lava fields bristle with aerials. Further, Mexican thorn recently accidentally introduced, is colonising the lower areas of the island, transforming their characteristic barren appearance. However, goats have been eradicated, farming has ceased, and a programme to destroy feral cats brings new hope to the environment as Ascension looks to a future beyond its military role. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 127-134 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2004 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2004.9.2.127 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2004.9.2.127 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:9:y:2004:i:2:p:127-134 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sam J. Berry Author-X-Name-First: Sam J. Author-X-Name-Last: Berry Title: Island Differentiation Muddied by Island Biogeographers Abstract: The effects of initial founding populations have been repeatedly undervalued by population and evolutionary biologists. Chapter 7 in MacArthur and Wilson's (1967) classic Theory of Island Biogeography is called 'Evolutionary changes following colonisation'. The authors begin by stating that “it is appropriate to study how natural selection acts on islands and, in particular, how it acts differently on islands as opposed to mainlands”. They go on to describe the evolution of new populations as passing through three phases: response to the effects of initial small size; adjustment to the novel features of the invaded environment; and finally speciation, secondary emigration and radiation. They claim that “the founder population is no more than the observation that a propagule should contain fewer genes than the entire mother population”. They err in this: the founder propagule will almost certainly have its genes (alleles) in different frequencies than in the parental population (Conrad Waddington called this 'intermittent drift' as distinct from the 'persistent drift' occurring in continuing small populations), while Sewall Wright “attributed most significance to wide random variability of gene frequencies (not fixation or loss) expected to occur simultaneously in tens of thousands of loci...”. It may be sensible to divide the 'founder principle' into a 'founder effect' (which leads to genetic impoverishment, elimination of immigration, and – probably – changed gene frequencies) but is only then followed by 'founder selection'. The MacArthur and Wilson model assumes that a newly colonised population will diverge progressively from its ancestors, and therefore the amount of differentiation could be taken as a measure of time since establishment. This would be wrong and could lead to a misleading estimate of the colonisation history of a particular site. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 117-121 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2004 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2004.9.2.117 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2004.9.2.117 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:9:y:2004:i:2:p:117-121 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rick Schulting Author-X-Name-First: Rick Author-X-Name-Last: Schulting Author-Name: Anne Tresset Author-X-Name-First: Anne Author-X-Name-Last: Tresset Author-Name: Catherine Dupont Author-X-Name-First: Catherine Author-X-Name-Last: Dupont Title: From Harvesting the Sea to Stock Rearing Along the Atlantic Façade of North-West Europe Abstract: By 3000 BC, farmers had settled most of the small islands of north-western Europe. This implies the transportation of domestic animals by sea, sometimes over long distances, and the adaptation of herding techniques to new marine environments. While many of the same islands were in use in the Mesolithic period, the nature and extent of this use appears to have been quite different. Zooarchaeological and stable isotopic analysis converge to suggest that the diet of human communities at this time was heavily reliant on marine foods. Neolithic settlements located in the same setting offer a contrasting view. Shell middens were still present at this time, and the remains of fish, marine birds and sea mammals confirm that marine resources were still exploited, but isotopic evidence highlights their minor contribution to the diet. This, combined with the faunal dominance of cattle, sheep and pig, indicates a reliance on domesticated resources. By the end of the Neolithic, even the most peripheral islands of north-western Europe were being exploited primarily for their terrestrial resources. This paper presents evidence from selected sites in western France and Orkney, and then proceeds to offer some possible explanations for the observed patterns of small island use in the Neolithic. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 143-154 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2004 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2004.9.2.143 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2004.9.2.143 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:9:y:2004:i:2:p:143-154 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Derek W. Yalden Author-X-Name-First: Derek W. Author-X-Name-Last: Yalden Author-Name: Robert I. Carthy Author-X-Name-First: Robert I. Author-X-Name-Last: Carthy Title: The Archaeological Record of Birds in Britain and Ireland Compared: Extinctions or Failures to Arrive? Abstract: The archaeological evidence can help to discriminate between species which never arrived on islands, the species that once were present but later became extinct, and the species that only arrived late, because of human introduction, or human modification of the island to provide suitable habitat. The archaeological record from Ireland is sufficient to allow some useful comparisons with Great Britain, identifying species (e.g. Capercaillie: Tetrao urogallus L., Black Grouse: T. tetrix (L.), Great Spotted Woodpecker: Dendrocopus major (L.)) which were once present but have probably been lost through deforestation, and others whose archaeological record is sufficient in Britain to indicate with moderate confidence that they never occurred in Ireland (e.g. Tawny Owl: Strix aluco L.). Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 123-126 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2004 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2004.9.2.123 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2004.9.2.123 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:9:y:2004:i:2:p:123-126 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Bukach Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Bukach Title: The Mesolithic-Neolithic Transition on the Channel Islands: Adopting Agriculture in an Emerging Island Landscape Abstract: An examination of how and why Channel Island society adopted agriculture is aided in this paper by an island-based approach, which stresses the social and environmental implications of island life. This paper proposes a two-stage model of neolithisation of indigenous island hunter-gathers, beginning with a phase of cooperative interaction between forager and farmer in the early stages of the transition, followed by a later phase of direct competition for island resources. A rapid shift from cooperative to competitive interaction is proposed, amplified by constraints of island biogeography, sea-level change and insularity. Islanders were 'pulled' toward a Neolithic world view through increased exchange, while environmental conditions and limitations on the islands 'pushed' indigenous island hunter-gatherers to adopt agriculture. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 155-162 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2004 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2004.9.2.155 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2004.9.2.155 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:9:y:2004:i:2:p:155-162 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eileen Murphy Author-X-Name-First: Eileen Author-X-Name-Last: Murphy Author-Name: Richard Gregory Author-X-Name-First: Richard Author-X-Name-Last: Gregory Author-Name: Derek Simpson Author-X-Name-First: Derek Author-X-Name-Last: Simpson Title: Post-Beaker Period Death and Burial at Northton, Isle Of Harris, Scotland Abstract: The prehistoric site of Northton, Isle of Harris, is best known for the important settlement evidence that it has produced. A total of 15 burials, however, have also been recovered from the site. These have recently been subject to a new programme of osteological and palaeopathological analysis and radiocarbon dating, the results of which indicate that the burials date from the immediate post-Beaker period through to the later Iron Age. As such, a large proportion of them have originated from periods that have previously been poorly represented in the Western Isles in terms of funerary remains. The objective of the paper is to provide an overview of the new research on the Northton burials, and to place the findings within the broader context of contemporary funerary practices in the Western Isles. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 163-171 Issue: 2 Volume: 9 Year: 2004 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2004.9.2.163 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2004.9.2.163 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:9:y:2004:i:2:p:163-171 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reviewers Author-X-Name-First: Author-X-Name-Last: Title: Book Reviews Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 91-95 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2003 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2003.8.1.91 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2003.8.1.91 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:8:y:2003:i:1:p:91-95 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Author-X-Name-First: Author-X-Name-Last: Title: Guidelines for authors Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 97-97 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2003 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2003.8.1.97 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2003.8.1.97 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:8:y:2003:i:1:p:97-97 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Erika B. A. Guttmann Author-X-Name-First: Erika B. A. Author-X-Name-Last: Guttmann Author-Name: Ian A. Simpson Author-X-Name-First: Ian A. Author-X-Name-Last: Simpson Author-Name: Stephen J. Dockrill Author-X-Name-First: Stephen J. Author-X-Name-Last: Dockrill Title: Joined-Up Archaeology at Old Scatness, Shetland: Thin Section Analysis of the Site and Hinterland Abstract: Excavations on the multi-period settlement at Old Scatness, Shetland have uncovered a number of Iron Age structures with compacted, floor-like layers. Thin section analysis was undertaken in order to investigate and compare the characteristics of these layers. The investigation also draws on earlier analyses of the Iron Age agricultural soil around the settlement and the midden deposits that accumulated within the settlement, to create a 'joined-up' analysis which considers the way material from the settlement was used and then recycled as fertiliser for the fields. Peat was collected from the nearby uplands and was used for fuel and possibly also for flooring. It is suggested that organic-rich floors from the structures were periodically removed and the material was spread onto the fields as fertilisers. More organic-rich material may have been used selectively for fertiliser, while the less organic peat ash was allowed to accumulate in middens. Several of the structures may have functioned as byres, which suggests a prehistoric plaggen system. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 17-31 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2003 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2003.8.1.17 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2003.8.1.17 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:8:y:2003:i:1:p:17-31 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lisbeth Prøsch-Danielsen Author-X-Name-First: Lisbeth Author-X-Name-Last: Prøsch-Danielsen Author-Name: Per Sandgren Author-X-Name-First: Per Author-X-Name-Last: Sandgren Title: The Use of Pollen, Magnetic and Carbon Analyses in Identifying Agricultural Activity and Soil Erosion from the Neolithic to the Iron Age – A Study of Two Lake Sediment Cores from Jæren, South-Western Norway Abstract: Sediment cores from two small lakes, Alvevatn and Hanalandstjønn, both situated in the coastal heathland in Jceren, south-western Norway, were investigated with respect to microfossil analyses of pollen, spores and charcoal. The two lakes are situated close to prehistoric sites and monuments ranging in time from the Mesolithic to the Medieval Age. The microfossil analyses clearly reflect abrupt deforestation from closed mixed deciduous forest to heathland at approximately 3800 BP (ca. 2500–2200 cal BC). This event coincides with the generally accepted introduction of an agro-pastoral economy in the area at the Middle Neolithic II/Early Late Neolithic transition (MN II/ELN). However, at both localities, weak signals of agrarian impact are traced earlier by palynology. In recent years conclusions based on weak palynological signals have been criticised severely. In this investigation the tenability of the palynological method has been tested by applying independent methods to sediments from the same cores, viz. mineral magnetic and carbon analyses, which are likely to be proxy records for anthropogenic activity. The close agreement between the different methods support the conclusion that an agrarian economy was introduced prior to 4300 BP in the coastal heathland in Jæren. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 33-50 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2003 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2003.8.1.33 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2003.8.1.33 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:8:y:2003:i:1:p:33-50 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joseph Schuldenrein Author-X-Name-First: Joseph Author-X-Name-Last: Schuldenrein Author-Name: Geoffrey A. Clark Author-X-Name-First: Geoffrey A. Author-X-Name-Last: Clark Title: Prehistoric Landscapes and Settlement Geography along the Wadi Hasa, West-Central Jordan. Part II: Towards a Model of Palaeoecological Settlement for the Wadi Hasa Abstract: An earlier essay (Schuldenrein and Clark 2001) presented the palaeoenvironmental background to changing prehistoric site distributions in the Wadi Hasa, the principal drainage of west Central Jordan. Evidence for over 100,000 years of human settlement is preserved in discrete locations and within specific sediment packages associated with the ancient landscapes of the drainage. This essay explores the systematics of settlement geography by filtering out preservation mechanisms and comparing other regional (Levant wide) models of human settlement with the Wadi Hasa Palaeolithic and Neolithic site distributions. Three regional paradigms of transhumance are tested. While Pleistocene Lake Hasa (70,000–12,000 B.P.)was the central feature for earlier human settlement, subsequent geomorphic activity has obliterated much of the later prehistoric record. Henry's (1995) model of transhumance is a relatively accurate predictor of site characteristics and location for much of the. Hasa distributions, but the dynamics of long-term landscape change preclude de facto projection of the data set to any existing paradigm. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 1-16 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2003 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2003.8.1.1 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2003.8.1.1 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:8:y:2003:i:1:p:1-16 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chris J. Stevens Author-X-Name-First: Chris J. Author-X-Name-Last: Stevens Title: An Investigation of Agricultural Consumption and Production Models for Prehistoric and Roman Britain Abstract: The paper examines the two existing models for identifying arable 'producers' and' consumers' using archaeobotanical data from sites in southern England. Both models attribute variation between charred assemblages to the role of sites as primary arable producers or those receiving harvested crops. The testing of the models demonstrated that many charred archaeobotanical samples rather than relating to single specific processing activities can be attributed more generally to the waste generated from the routine processing of crops taken from storage throughout the year. The identifiable processing stages seen from most samples composition then represent only those stages conducted after storage. Variation between site assemblages can therefore be attributed to different amounts of processing carried out after harvest before crops were put into storage rather than distinguishing between sites that grew crops and those that did not. As harvesting and processing prior to storage are labour demanding, charred assemblages have the potential to reveal differences within the social organisation of past farming communities. Two patterns were distinguished: one where the organisation of agricultural labour appeared to be conducted at a household level, the second where larger scale or communal organisation appeared to be present. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 61-76 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2003 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2003.8.1.61 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2003.8.1.61 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:8:y:2003:i:1:p:61-76 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Caroline Cartwright Author-X-Name-First: Caroline Author-X-Name-Last: Cartwright Title: Unusual Use of Freshwater Mussel (Unio sp.) Shells during the Early Bronze Age at Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan Abstract: Amongst the marine, land and freshwater molluscs from the Early Bronze Age at Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan, is a group of freshwater mussels which shows evidence of distinctive working. These Unio bivalves have been examined using the scanning electron microscope in order to characterise the patterns of modification. Despite the fact that their precise function remains enigmatic, the range of possibilities has been better understood as a result. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 85-89 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2003 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2003.8.1.85 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2003.8.1.85 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:8:y:2003:i:1:p:85-89 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jan Light Author-X-Name-First: Jan Author-X-Name-Last: Light Title: Dog Cockle Shells as Occasional Finds in Romano-British Shell Middens from Newquay, North Cornwall, UK Abstract: At archaeological sites, concentrations of marine mollusc shells, which are known to be edible species, can often be interpreted with little ambiguity as food refuse. It is a recurring feature that such concentrations may also contain other shells whose condition, even allowing for the degradational processes which may have affected the deposit, suggests that they were brought to the site in a worn state, or they may have been subjected to man-made modification after collection. Analysis of shell middens from a Romano-British site at Fistral Bay in north Cornwall, England, and comparison with the species present in the modern day environment there, shows that the 6 taxa (3 genera) which dominate the middens (Patella spp., Mytilus spp. and Nucella lapillus) also dominate the mollusc populations living on the shore, and worn, sometimes holed, Glycymeris glycymeris valves which are present in the archaeological assemblage, dominate the dead shell assemblage which litters the present-day beach. Glycymeris is a taxon for which worn shells have been reported from archaeological sites throughout the Mediterranean area and the Iberian Peninsula, but rarely from the British Isles. A high proportion of these shells bear a hole in the umbo; various processes may account for these holes. The use and significance of Glycymeris shells as artefacts are considered. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 51-59 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2003 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2003.8.1.51 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2003.8.1.51 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:8:y:2003:i:1:p:51-59 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mark Nesbitt Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Nesbitt Author-Name: Sue Colledge Author-X-Name-First: Sue Author-X-Name-Last: Colledge Author-Name: Mary Anne Murray Author-X-Name-First: Mary Anne Author-X-Name-Last: Murray Title: Organisation and Management of Seed Reference Collections Abstract: Reference collections of accurately identified, recent seeds are an essential resource for seed identification in archaeobotany, agronomy, palaeoecology and studies of wildlife diet. Recommendations are given for sourcing of seed materials and storage systems. The usefulness of computer databases for cataloguing of seed collections is emphasised, and 18 core data fields (based on the HISPID data standard for herbarium collections) are proposed. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 77-84 Issue: 1 Volume: 8 Year: 2003 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2003.8.1.77 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2003.8.1.77 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:8:y:2003:i:1:p:77-84 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marcello A. Mannino Author-X-Name-First: Marcello A. Author-X-Name-Last: Mannino Author-Name: Emma Lightfoot Author-X-Name-First: Emma Author-X-Name-Last: Lightfoot Author-Name: Rhiannon Stevens Author-X-Name-First: Rhiannon Author-X-Name-Last: Stevens Title: Novel isotopic approaches to investigating human palaeoecology: An introduction Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 193-198 Issue: 3 Volume: 21 Year: 2016 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2016.1182769 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2016.1182769 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:21:y:2016:i:3:p:193-198 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cheryl A. Makarewicz Author-X-Name-First: Cheryl A. Author-X-Name-Last: Makarewicz Author-Name: Liora Kolska Horwitz Author-X-Name-First: Liora Kolska Author-X-Name-Last: Horwitz Author-Name: A. Nigel Goring-Morris Author-X-Name-First: A. Nigel Author-X-Name-Last: Goring-Morris Title: Local adoption of animal husbandry in the southern Levant: An isotopic perspective from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B funerary site of Kfar HaHoresh Abstract: Animal husbandry emerged as an important subsistence strategy at various tempos and trajectories across the southern Levant during the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (ca. 8500–6500 cal bc). Here, we explore temporal variation in the emergence of animal management strategies, in particular those that alter the composition of the animal diet, west of the Jordan Valley, through carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopic analyses of mountain gazelle, bezoar goat and aurochsen bone collagen from the funerary complex of Kfar HaHoresh. Analyses presented here show an extended range of carbon isotope values in the collagens of Late Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) goats relative to Middle PPNB goats, which are also enriched in 13C relative to contemporaneous gazelle. This shift may reflect a greater catchment from which morphologically wild goats derived or that some of the goats at Kfar HaHoresh were provided with some fodder. If the latter is the case, then the use of fodder by 7500 cal bc at Kfar HaHoresh is a relatively late development, emerging several hundred years after goat husbandry strategies emphasising a juvenile harvest and fodder provisioning that first came into use in the Mediterranean region of the southern Levant. There is a pronounced enrichment of nitrogen isotopes in Early PPNB aurochsen, ritually important animals derived from a unique feasting deposit, relative to that of gazelle and goats. Though this may reflect more specialised feeding behaviour in aurochsen compared to the other two bovid groups, an alternative interpretation is that the aurochsen ingested enriched 15N from manured pasture, following restriction of their movement by people. These isotopic data support the documented pattern of a delayed adoption of goat husbandry in the lower Galilee region and may point to differential developmental trajectories where some forms of animal management emerged out of ritual rather than subsistence needs. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 199-213 Issue: 3 Volume: 21 Year: 2016 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631415Y.0000000024 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631415Y.0000000024 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:21:y:2016:i:3:p:199-213 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jessica Smyth Author-X-Name-First: Jessica Author-X-Name-Last: Smyth Author-Name: Richard P. Evershed Author-X-Name-First: Richard P. Author-X-Name-Last: Evershed Title: Milking the megafauna: Using organic residue analysis to understand early farming practice Abstract: In Europe, the shift to agriculture starts around cal 7000 BC, spreading across the continent over several thousand years. The island of Ireland lies geographically and chronologically at the end of this trajectory, in the centuries around cal 4000 BC. Molecular and stable carbon isotope analyses undertaken of ca. 450 pottery vessels from a range of Irish Neolithic sites firmly establishes that dairying is one of the very earliest farming practices in evidence in Ireland, successfully introduced into an island environment that had not supported large mammals for at least the preceding 9000 years – a significant logistical feat. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 214-229 Issue: 3 Volume: 21 Year: 2016 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000045 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000045 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:21:y:2016:i:3:p:214-229 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paul Szpak Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Szpak Author-Name: David Chicoine Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Chicoine Author-Name: Jean-François Millaire Author-X-Name-First: Jean-François Author-X-Name-Last: Millaire Author-Name: Christine D. White Author-X-Name-First: Christine D. Author-X-Name-Last: White Author-Name: Rebecca Parry Author-X-Name-First: Rebecca Author-X-Name-Last: Parry Author-Name: Fred J. Longstaffe Author-X-Name-First: Fred J. Author-X-Name-Last: Longstaffe Title: Early Horizon camelid management practices in the Nepeña Valley, north-central coast of Peru Abstract: South American camelids (llamas and alpacas) were of great economic, social and ritual significance in the pre-Hispanic Andes. Although these animals are largely limited to high-altitude (>3500 masl) pastures, it has been hypothesised that camelids were also raised at lower altitudes in the arid coastal river valleys. Previous isotopic studies of Early Intermediate Period (c. 200 BC–AD 600) and Middle Horizon (c. AD 600–1100) camelids support this argument. Here, we utilise carbon and nitrogen isotopic analyses of camelid bone collagen from the Early Horizon (c. 800–200 BC) sites of Caylán and Huambacho on the north-central coast of Peru to examine the management of these animals during the first millennium BC. Most of the camelid isotopic compositions are consistent with the acquisition of animals that were part of caravans, moving between the coast and the highlands. A small number of the animals may have been raised on the coast, suggesting that the practice of coastal camelid husbandry was in the experimental phase during the Early Horizon before growing into a more established practice in the Early Intermediate Period. These results echo zooarchaeological studies from the region that have revealed a paucity of camelid remains in refuse deposits prior to 800 BC, followed by an increase in abundance after 450 BC. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 230-245 Issue: 3 Volume: 21 Year: 2016 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631415Y.0000000002 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631415Y.0000000002 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:21:y:2016:i:3:p:230-245 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Holly Miller Author-X-Name-First: Holly Author-X-Name-Last: Miller Author-Name: Ruth F. Carden Author-X-Name-First: Ruth F. Author-X-Name-Last: Carden Author-Name: Jane Evans Author-X-Name-First: Jane Author-X-Name-Last: Evans Author-Name: Angela Lamb Author-X-Name-First: Angela Author-X-Name-Last: Lamb Author-Name: Richard Madgwick Author-X-Name-First: Richard Author-X-Name-Last: Madgwick Author-Name: David Osborne Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Osborne Author-Name: Robert Symmons Author-X-Name-First: Robert Author-X-Name-Last: Symmons Author-Name: Naomi Sykes Author-X-Name-First: Naomi Author-X-Name-Last: Sykes Title: Dead or alive? Investigating long-distance transport of live fallow deer and their body parts in antiquity Abstract: The extent to which breeding populations of fallow deer were established in Roman Europe has been obscured by the possibility that the skeletal remains of the species, in particular Dama foot bones and antlers, were traded over long distances as objects in their own right. This paper sets out to refine our understanding of the evidence for the transportation of living and dead fallow deer in Iron Age and Roman Europe. To achieve this, museum archives containing purportedly early examples of Dama antler were searched, with available specimens sampled for carbon, nitrogen and strontium isotope analyses, and compared with data for archaeological fallow deer from across Europe. Importantly, the resulting isotope values can be interpreted in light of new modern baseline data for fallow deer presented here. Together these multi-isotope results for modern and archaeological fallow deer provide a more critical perspective on the transportation of fallow deer and their body parts in antiquity. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 246-259 Issue: 3 Volume: 21 Year: 2016 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000043 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000043 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:21:y:2016:i:3:p:246-259 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michelle Buchan Author-X-Name-First: Michelle Author-X-Name-Last: Buchan Author-Name: Gundula Müldner Author-X-Name-First: Gundula Author-X-Name-Last: Müldner Author-Name: Anton Ervynck Author-X-Name-First: Anton Author-X-Name-Last: Ervynck Author-Name: Kate Britton Author-X-Name-First: Kate Author-X-Name-Last: Britton Title: Season of birth and sheep husbandry in late Roman and Medieval coastal Flanders: A pilot study using tooth enamel δ18O analysis Abstract: From the early Roman period, there is archaeological evidence for the exploitation of the Flemish coastal plain (Belgium) for a range of activities, such as sheep herding on the then developing salt-marshes and salt-meadows for the production of wool. During the early Middle Ages, this culminated in the establishment of dedicated ‘sheep estates’. This phase of exploitation was followed by extensive drainage and land reclamation measures in the high Medieval period, transforming areas into grassland, suited for cattle breeding. As part of a larger project investigating the onset, intensification and final decline of sheep management in coastal Flanders in the historical period, this pilot study presents the results of sequential sampling and oxygen isotope analysis of a number of sheep teeth (M2, n = 8) from four late Roman and Medieval sites (dating from 4th to 15th century AD), in order to assess potential variations in season of birth between the different sites and through time. In comparison with published data from herds of known birth season, incremental enamel data from the Flemish sites are consistent with late winter/spring births, with the possibility of some instances of slightly earlier parturition. These findings suggest that manipulation of season of birth was not a feature of the sheep husbandry-based economies of early historic Flanders, further evidencing that wool production was the main purpose of contemporary sheep rearing in the region. Manipulation of season of birth is not likely to have afforded economic advantage in wool-centred economies, unlike in some milk- or meat-based regimes. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 260-270 Issue: 3 Volume: 21 Year: 2016 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000055 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000055 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:21:y:2016:i:3:p:260-270 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Angela L. Lamb Author-X-Name-First: Angela L. Author-X-Name-Last: Lamb Title: Stable isotope analysis of soft tissues from mummified human remains Abstract: Mummies are faunal remains that include the preservation of soft tissues, such as skin, muscle, nails and hair as well as bone. These soft tissues are generally rich in collagen or keratin proteins and thus provide potentially suitable material for stable isotope studies. When preserved, such tissues can provide high-resolution information about the diet and migration of humans in the weeks and months before death. Hair, nails and soft tissue provide short-term (months) dietary information in contrast to bone which will represent 5–20 years of dietary history prior to death, depending on the bone analysed. Such high-resolution data can answer questions on the season of death, seasonality of food resources and the movement and relocation of people. This review begins with a summary of the most common isotope techniques (13C/12C, 15N/14N) and the tissues concerned, followed by an analysis of the key questions that have been addressed using these methods. Until relatively recently work has focused on bulk protein isotope analysis, but in the last 10 years this has been expanded to on-line compound-specific amino acid analysis and to a wider variety of isotopes (18O/16O, 2H/1H and 34S/32S) and these applications are also discussed. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 271-284 Issue: 3 Volume: 21 Year: 2016 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2015.1101937 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2015.1101937 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:21:y:2016:i:3:p:271-284 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ricardo Fernandes Author-X-Name-First: Ricardo Author-X-Name-Last: Fernandes Author-Name: Christoph Rinne Author-X-Name-First: Christoph Author-X-Name-Last: Rinne Author-Name: Marie-Josée Nadeau Author-X-Name-First: Marie-Josée Author-X-Name-Last: Nadeau Author-Name: Pieter Grootes Author-X-Name-First: Pieter Author-X-Name-Last: Grootes Title: Towards the use of radiocarbon as a dietary proxy: Establishing a first wide-ranging radiocarbon reservoir effects baseline for Germany Abstract: Radiocarbon reservoir effects (RREs) are observed when the 14C concentration of aquatic reservoirs is lower than the contemporary atmosphere. Within these reservoirs, aquatic species will also have a 14C depleted signal, and humans feeding on these species will show a dietary RRE. Human dietary RREs are often viewed as a problem for the establishment of reliable chronologies. However, they also represent an opportunity to introduce radiocarbon as a dietary proxy when investigating possible past human consumption of aquatic food groups. Here, a synthesis of previously published and new radiocarbon dates on edible aquatic species from central and northern Germany is presented. The samples were collected from modern and archaeological contexts. The goal was to provide an approximate RRE baseline within Germany. The results show that within the German context, local RREs in edible aquatic species are usually large and variable. The variability in local RREs implies that precise quantitative human dietary estimates will most likely not be possible. However, the large values of local RREs allow the use of 14C measured in human bone collagen as an extra dietary proxy that can aid in detecting the consumption of aquatic food groups when traditional isotopic proxies (δ13C and δ15N) do not provide unambiguous estimates. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 285-294 Issue: 3 Volume: 21 Year: 2016 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000034 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000034 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:21:y:2016:i:3:p:285-294 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Melanie J. Leng Author-X-Name-First: Melanie J. Author-X-Name-Last: Leng Author-Name: Jonathan P. Lewis Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan P. Author-X-Name-Last: Lewis Title: Oxygen isotopes in Molluscan shell: Applications in environmental archaeology Abstract: Oxygen isotope geochemistry of Molluscan shell is an essential part of environmental archaeology and over the last decade has contributed significantly to the understanding of the past inhabitants of our planet. From the analysis of collected (and disposed of) shells we can gain information on environmental data from the species assemblages and also from the shell chemistry. In particular, intra-seasonal information can be gained from shells by analysing the isotope composition of the shell from successive growth increments. Here, we describe some of the recent developments in the use of oxygen isotopes in environmental archaeology. In particular, we consider preservation and sampling and describe how δ18O can provide us with information on seasonal climate, season of collection as well as changes in global climate. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 295-306 Issue: 3 Volume: 21 Year: 2016 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000048 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000048 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:21:y:2016:i:3:p:295-306 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paul Davies Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Davies Title: Molluscan Total Assemblages across a Woodland–Grassland Boundary and their Palaeoenvironmental Relevance Abstract: Molluscan total assemblages across a woodland-grassland boundary are described and analysed using a variety of numerical techniques. These demonstrate that although the Mollusca respond to the vegetation boundaries their response does not exactly parallel that of vegetation structure. In particular, some shade-preferential species have encroached from woodland into adjacent grassland, degree of encroachment being an individual species characteristic. The study indicates that the detection of boundaries in sub-fossil assemblages from buried soil surfaces will only be possible if spatially-oriented multi-sampling strategies are employed. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 57-65 Issue: 1 Volume: 4 Year: 1999 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1999.4.1.57 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1999.4.1.57 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:4:y:1999:i:1:p:57-65 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jayne Ward Author-X-Name-First: Jayne Author-X-Name-Last: Ward Author-Name: Ingrid L. Mainland Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid L. Author-X-Name-Last: Mainland Title: Microwear in Modern Rooting and Stall-fed Pigs: the Potential of Dental Microwear Analysis for Exploring Pig Diet and Management in the Past Abstract: In recent years dental microwear analysis has attracted considerable interest as a potential method for reconstructing ancient diet. The potential of dental microwear for reconstructing pig diet and management within an archaeological context is explored through the analysis of microwear patterning in modern stall-fed and free-range/rooting pigs. Stall-fed pigs are readily distinguished from rooting/free-range pigs by the greater density of microwear features evident in the latter on both buccal and occlusal surfaces. This distinction can be attributed to the more abrasive diet of the free-ranging pigs, as a consequence of soil ingestion during rooting. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 25-32 Issue: 1 Volume: 4 Year: 1999 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1999.4.1.25 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1999.4.1.25 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:4:y:1999:i:1:p:25-32 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reviewers Author-X-Name-First: Author-X-Name-Last: Title: Book Reviews Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 103-112 Issue: 1 Volume: 4 Year: 1999 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1999.4.1.103 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1999.4.1.103 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:4:y:1999:i:1:p:103-112 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Małgorzata Latałowa Author-X-Name-First: Małgorzata Author-X-Name-Last: Latałowa Author-Name: Włodzimierz Rączkowski Author-X-Name-First: Włodzimierz Author-X-Name-Last: Rączkowski Title: New Data on Early Medieval Flax Cultivation: an Archaeobotanical Record from Northern Poland Abstract: The analysis of a great accumulation of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) remains found as a well delimited bundle on an early medieval site in northern Poland is the basis of this paper. Ecological indicators are used to reconstruct the palaeoenvironmental conditions under which flax cultivation took place. The rich flax weed flora, including specific 'linicolous plants', is described. This botanical data is presentented and discussed against the archaeological background. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 33-40 Issue: 1 Volume: 4 Year: 1999 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1999.4.1.33 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1999.4.1.33 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:4:y:1999:i:1:p:33-40 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael L. Ryder Author-X-Name-First: Michael L. Author-X-Name-Last: Ryder Title: Probable Fibres from Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) in Bronze Age Scotland Abstract: Diameter measurements of bast fibres from cloth and string with a hoard of bronze age metalwork found in St Andrews, were different from those of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) but comparable with those of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) leading to the suggestion that hemp was used as a textile fibre in Britain much earlier than has been thought. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 93-95 Issue: 1 Volume: 4 Year: 1999 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1999.4.1.93 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1999.4.1.93 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:4:y:1999:i:1:p:93-95 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andrew Garrard Author-X-Name-First: Andrew Author-X-Name-Last: Garrard Title: Charting the Emergence of Cereal and Pulse Domestication in South-west Asia Abstract: During the last decade, considerable advances have been made in our knowledge of the origins of cereal and pulse domestication in south-west Asia. Archaeobotanical assemblages have become available from hitherto poorly known regions and time periods, and new methodologies and interpretative approaches have allowed the reevaluation of older collections. Our understanding of the environmental and cultural context of the domestication process is also far better understood. The progenitors of the majority of the south-west Asian cereal and pulse domesticates were native to the park and steppe woodland habitats of the Fertile Crescent. This environment was very restricted at the pleniglacial, but there is nevertheless evidence for the use of cereals and pulses from this period. From ca. 13,000 bc, this food-rich habitat began to expand and it is likely that this accelerated during the Bølling and Allerød interstadials. Localised food-storing, semi-sedentary communities developed from ca. 10,500 bc. The Younger Dryas stadialled to a retraction of these resources and it is during the early ninth millennium bc that we see the first evidence for cereal cultivation. By 7,000 bc, 'domestic-type' cereals are found throughout the Fertile Crescent and by 6,000 bc 'domestic-type' pulses are found in many areas. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 67-86 Issue: 1 Volume: 4 Year: 1999 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1999.4.1.67 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1999.4.1.67 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:4:y:1999:i:1:p:67-86 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anton Ervynck Author-X-Name-First: Anton Author-X-Name-Last: Ervynck Author-Name: Keith Dabney Author-X-Name-First: Keith Author-X-Name-Last: Dabney Title: Lining up on the M1: a Tooth Defect as a Bio-indicator for Environment and Husbandry in Ancient Pigs Abstract: From the analysis of five collections of pig mandibles of Neolithic and medieval date, it is argued that the detailed observation of a common developmental tooth defect, i.e., linear enamel hypoplasia, can shed light on the impact of environmental conditions and husbandry practices on ancient swine herding. It is suggested that degradation of forest environment through the Middle Ages, was responsible for an increase of the frequency of LEH in domestic pigs. Conversely, a supposed late medieval shift in pig husbandry, from forest herding to rearing in (semi-)confinement, could have been the cause of a significant decrease in the occurrence of this tooth defect. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 1-8 Issue: 1 Volume: 4 Year: 1999 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1999.4.1.1 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1999.4.1.1 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:4:y:1999:i:1:p:1-8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Charles French Author-X-Name-First: Charles Author-X-Name-Last: French Author-Name: Matthew Davis Author-X-Name-First: Matthew Author-X-Name-Last: Davis Author-Name: Jennifer Heathcote Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer Author-X-Name-Last: Heathcote Title: Hydrological Monitoring of an Alluviated Landscape in the Lower Great Ouse Valley, Cambridgeshire: Interim Results of the First Three Years Abstract: A five year research project was set up to monitor soil moisture and groundwater levels of an extensive buried, mainly alluviated landscape located at the interface between the lower Great Ouse valley and the fen-edge in western Cambridgeshire. The intention was to monitor changes in hydrology, soil structure and geochemical status before, during and after large scale gravel extraction. The results presented here concern the pre-extraction monitoring period over three years. The project has identified three major landscape zones – shallowly buried former dryland, several sets of relict palaeochannel systems which still remain waterlogged, and a marginal zone between these where the monitored parameters fluctuate on a seasonal basis. The moisture levels of the alluvial overburden, buried soils and infills of the palaeochannel systems appear to act independently of each other, controlled by a combination of rainfall, agricultural land management, height above sea level and depth of burial. It is predicted that the removal of 1–3m of overburden accompanied by water abstraction when gravel extraction commences will lead to changes in the moisture regime of the immediate area and therefore of any contained archaeological contexts and the superficial sediments in this river valley/fen-edge landscape. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 41-56 Issue: 1 Volume: 4 Year: 1999 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1999.4.1.41 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1999.4.1.41 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:4:y:1999:i:1:p:41-56 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brigitte Cooremans Author-X-Name-First: Brigitte Author-X-Name-Last: Cooremans Title: An Unexpected Discovery in Medieval Bruges (Flanders, Belgium) : Seeds of the Caper (Capparis spinosa L.) Abstract: In this short paper attention is drawn to an extraordinary find in medieval Bruges (Flanders, Belgium). Among the macrobotanical remains recovered from one ditch and two pits, seeds of the caper-bush, Capparis spinosa, dating between AD 1200 and AD 1495, were found. Their presence means that either the plant was grown locally or whole fruits were imported from the Mediterranean region. Given the circumstances, time period and the role of medieval Bruges as an important trade centre, the latter seems to be most likely. Apart from two rather doubtful finds in Roman Tongeren and Tienen (both in Flanders, Belgium), this is the first time Capparis spinosa has been identified in our regions in an archaeological context. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 97-101 Issue: 1 Volume: 4 Year: 1999 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1999.4.1.97 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1999.4.1.97 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:4:y:1999:i:1:p:97-101 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Author-X-Name-First: Author-X-Name-Last: Title: Guidelines for authors Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 113-113 Issue: 1 Volume: 4 Year: 1999 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1999.4.1.113 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1999.4.1.113 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:4:y:1999:i:1:p:113-113 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wendy Smith Author-X-Name-First: Wendy Author-X-Name-Last: Smith Title: Criteria to Distinguish Capsule Fragments of Flax/Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) from Wild Radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) Abstract: Flax/linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) is a major economic crop which was grown throughout much of the 'Old World' region in the past. A by-product of flax or linseed processing is crushed capsule fragments and, therefore, their detection in the archaeobotanical record is crucial. The internal membrane of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) capsules bears a similar cell pattern to that of flax/linseed, thus complicating accurate identification of either plant based on highly fragmented capsule material. This paper presents the criteria developed to distinguish capsule fragments of these two species using a standard low-power binocular microscope. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 19-24 Issue: 1 Volume: 4 Year: 1999 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1999.4.1.19 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1999.4.1.19 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:4:y:1999:i:1:p:19-24 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eden Hutchins Author-X-Name-First: Eden Author-X-Name-Last: Hutchins Author-Name: Sean Steadman Author-X-Name-First: Sean Author-X-Name-Last: Steadman Title: Evidence for 17th and 18th Century Cattle Improvements in Bedford Abstract: An assemblage of horn cores from Bedford was analysed in comparison to similar archaeological material from other sites in the country. The assemblage is broken down into improved and unimproved cattle stock, with particular emphasis on a feature identified as a horner's pit. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 87-92 Issue: 1 Volume: 4 Year: 1999 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1999.4.1.87 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1999.4.1.87 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:4:y:1999:i:1:p:87-92 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Smith Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Smith Author-Name: John Letts Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Letts Author-Name: Alison Cox Author-X-Name-First: Alison Author-X-Name-Last: Cox Title: Coleoptera from Late Medieval Smoke-Blackened Thatch (SBT): their Archaeological Implications Abstract: Distinctive assemblages of Coleoptera (beetles) recovered from seven samples of smoke-blackened thatch (SBT)from a range of late medieval roofs in the south of England are listed. The age, ecology and possible origins of this fauna are discussed. Although its precise origin is known, it is suggested that its occurrence is not limited to thatch, and so cannot be used as a 'finger print' for thatch per se. A find of Sitophilus granarius, the 'granary weevil', suggests that thatch may represent another route by which this species has been incorporated into the archaeological record. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 9-17 Issue: 1 Volume: 4 Year: 1999 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1999.4.1.9 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1999.4.1.9 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:4:y:1999:i:1:p:9-17 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elise Dufour Author-X-Name-First: Elise Author-X-Name-Last: Dufour Author-Name: Nicolas Goepfert Author-X-Name-First: Nicolas Author-X-Name-Last: Goepfert Title: Past Andean Pastoralism: A Reconsidered Diversity. Introduction to the Special Issue Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 257-261 Issue: 3 Volume: 25 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2019.1619981 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2019.1619981 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:25:y:2020:i:3:p:257-261 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mai Takigami Author-X-Name-First: Mai Author-X-Name-Last: Takigami Author-Name: K. Uzawa Author-X-Name-First: K. Author-X-Name-Last: Uzawa Author-Name: Y. Seki Author-X-Name-First: Y. Author-X-Name-Last: Seki Author-Name: D. Morales Chocano Author-X-Name-First: D. Morales Author-X-Name-Last: Chocano Author-Name: M. Yoneda Author-X-Name-First: M. Author-X-Name-Last: Yoneda Title: Isotopic Evidence for Camelid Husbandry During the Formative Period at the Pacopampa Site, Peru Abstract: Camelids were domesticated in the Andean highlands, such as in the puna habitat, and dispersed into lowland areas and the northern Central Andes. As camelids domesticated in a particular region would have had a greater economic benefit than visiting- or hunted wild camelids, it is important to reconstruct the dispersal of camelid husbandry from its initial site throughout the ancient Andean civilisation. We carried out multi-isotope analyses of animal remains recovered from the Pacopampa site to investigate the nature of camelid pastoralism and utilisation. Strontium and oxygen isotope ratios from tooth enamel suggested that camelids in the early Late Formative Period (800–500 BC) were born near the site and remained in the same habitat for up to three years. Although corresponding data for the Middle Formative Period (1200–800 BC) were not available, carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios were statistically different from those of the Late Formative Period, supporting the possibility that the camelids inhabited the highland plateau like puna. It is inferred that in the northern highlands camelids were initially rare and regarded as either tribute or ritual animals, or they were used as pack animals. Camelid husbandry using maize as fodder began during the Late Formative Period at Pacopampa. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 262-278 Issue: 3 Volume: 25 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2019.1586091 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2019.1586091 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:25:y:2020:i:3:p:262-278 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paul Szpak Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Szpak Author-Name: Jean-François Millaire Author-X-Name-First: Jean-François Author-X-Name-Last: Millaire Author-Name: Claude Chapdelaine Author-X-Name-First: Claude Author-X-Name-Last: Chapdelaine Author-Name: Christine D. White Author-X-Name-First: Christine D. Author-X-Name-Last: White Author-Name: Fred J. Longstaffe Author-X-Name-First: Fred J. Author-X-Name-Last: Longstaffe Title: An Integrated isotopic study of Early Intermediate Period camelid husbandry in the Santa Valley, Perú Abstract: Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions were determined for camelid bone collagen, hair, and wool (fibre) sampled from textiles from archaeological sites in the Santa Valley (north coast of Perú) occupied during Moche III (El Castillo, A.D. 300−500) and Moche IV (Guadalupito, A.D. 500−700) phases; a small number of camelid bone collagen samples were also analysed from the Late Suchimancillo Phase (A.D. 0−300). These data suggest that localised camelid husbandry was practiced in the Santa Valley from at least the Moche III phase. The nature of camelid husbandry likely involved animals being kept spatially segregated and fed a diverse range of fodder. The isotopic compositions of the bone collagen and wool textiles were very similar, which suggests that the wool that was used to produce the textiles was derived from local camelids rather than being acquired from the highlands. The transition from Moche III to Moche IV, which saw a significant increase in Mochica presence in the Santa Valley, was not accompanied by major changes in camelid husbandry practices. Localised camelid husbandry continued through this transition with minimal change; the prolonged droughts of the sixth century A.D. had no discernable effect on camelid husbandry, probably due to the special hydraulic conditions unique to the Santa Valley. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 279-295 Issue: 3 Volume: 25 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2019.1583302 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2019.1583302 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:25:y:2020:i:3:p:279-295 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nicolas Goepfert Author-X-Name-First: Nicolas Author-X-Name-Last: Goepfert Author-Name: Elise Dufour Author-X-Name-First: Elise Author-X-Name-Last: Dufour Author-Name: Gabriel Prieto Author-X-Name-First: Gabriel Author-X-Name-Last: Prieto Author-Name: John Verano Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Verano Title: Herds for the Gods? Selection Criteria and Herd Management at the Mass Sacrifice Site of Huanchaquito-Las Llamas During the Chimú Period, Northern Coast of Peru Abstract: The discovery of the sacrificial remains of 140 children and 206 camelids sacrificed at the site of Huanchaquito-Las Llamas, on the northern coast of Peru, has provided new data on mass sacrifice practices during the Chimú period. The exceptional state of preservation of the camelids, including the presence of coats and hides, opens new research perspectives on the utilisation of animals in ritual contexts. This article will focus on the results of the zooarchaeological analysis, particularly of mortality profiles and coat colour, to address the criteria used to select the sacrificial victims. Young individuals were exclusively selected, and while there is a majority of brown coats, three colours that are present in modern herds are absent at Huanchaquito. This reveals the preferential choice made by the Chimú officiants for this sacrifice. A spatial analysis did not reveal preferences in the organisation of the deposits. The killing of the youngest cohort of the livestock probably had an impact on the whole livestock. This suggests the existence of large herds that were controlled by the Chimú empire. Our results provide additional insights into the management of camelid herds and show the complexity of pastoralism on the pacific coast during pre-Hispanic times. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 296-309 Issue: 3 Volume: 25 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1541956 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1541956 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:25:y:2020:i:3:p:296-309 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elise Dufour Author-X-Name-First: Elise Author-X-Name-Last: Dufour Author-Name: Nicolas Goepfert Author-X-Name-First: Nicolas Author-X-Name-Last: Goepfert Author-Name: Manon Le Neün Author-X-Name-First: Manon Author-X-Name-Last: Le Neün Author-Name: Gabriel Prieto Author-X-Name-First: Gabriel Author-X-Name-Last: Prieto Author-Name: John W. Verano Author-X-Name-First: John W. Author-X-Name-Last: Verano Title: Life History and Origin of the Camelids Provisioning a Mass Killing Sacrifice During the Chimú Period: Insight from Stable Isotopes Abstract: The site of Huanchaquito-Las Llamas, situated in the Moche Valley, Peru, dated to the Late Intermediate Period (AD 1100-1470), represents a single event mass killing of children and domestic camelids of the Chimu society. Reconstruction of the life histories of 82 camelid individuals based on stable isotope analysis of bone collagen indicates that they originated from the lowlands. Isotopic inter-individual variability indicates diversity in dietary sources, consisting of wild plants and cultigens, grown in water-limited and non-water-limited conditions, as well as a large proportion of C4 plants, suggesting that the animals originated from various herds that were differently managed. In contrast, uniformity in terms of restricted coat colour and young age could suggest that the animals derived from specialised herds. It is possible that the requirement in a short period of time for a massive number of animals meeting certain criteria exceeded the capacity of these herds. This study presents the largest isotopic dataset measured at a single pre-Hispanic site so far and the first to record herding practices for the Chimú society. Comparison with previous isotopic datasets shows differences between ritual and non-ritual groups, as well as diversity in pastoralism practises through time in the Central Andes. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 310-324 Issue: 3 Volume: 25 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1498165 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1498165 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:25:y:2020:i:3:p:310-324 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Matthieu Le Bailly Author-X-Name-First: Matthieu Author-X-Name-Last: Le Bailly Author-Name: Nicolas Goepfert Author-X-Name-First: Nicolas Author-X-Name-Last: Goepfert Author-Name: Gabriel Prieto Author-X-Name-First: Gabriel Author-X-Name-Last: Prieto Author-Name: John Verano Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Verano Author-Name: Benjamin Dufour Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin Author-X-Name-Last: Dufour Title: Camelid Gastrointestinal Parasites from the Archaeological Site of Huanchaquito (Peru): First Results Abstract: Palaeoparasitological investigation was conducted on a first set of samples from 13 sacrificed domestic camelids recovered from the pre-Hispanic Chimú culture site of Huanchaquito-Las Llamas, Peru. The aim was to establish the animals’ gastrointestinal parasite diversity and enlighten on their health status at the time of their death. To this end, 20 samples of coprolites and intestinal contents were analysed to check for the presence of parasite markers, i.e. preserved eggs and oocysts. Microscopic examinations revealed the presence of five taxa of helminths and protozoans in a majority of the tested animals (61%). Our analysis revealed the presence in some animals of protozoan oocysts belonging to the species Eimeria macusaniensis (phylum Apicomplexa). Our study is the first report of the possible presence of a parasite egg attributed to the order Plagiorchiida (family Fasciolidae) in ancient camelids. This preliminary study shows that there is interesting potential for conducting palaeoparasitological analysis at the site and that such analysis is promising for answering questions about the health status of the Huanchaquito-Las Llamas camelids. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 325-332 Issue: 3 Volume: 25 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1558804 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1558804 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:25:y:2020:i:3:p:325-332 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Francisca Santana-Sagredo Author-X-Name-First: Francisca Author-X-Name-Last: Santana-Sagredo Author-Name: Elise Dufour Author-X-Name-First: Elise Author-X-Name-Last: Dufour Author-Name: Nicolas Goepfert Author-X-Name-First: Nicolas Author-X-Name-Last: Goepfert Author-Name: Antoine Zazzo Author-X-Name-First: Antoine Author-X-Name-Last: Zazzo Author-Name: Régulo Franco Jordán Author-X-Name-First: Régulo Author-X-Name-Last: Franco Jordán Author-Name: Segundo Vásquez Sánchez Author-X-Name-First: Segundo Author-X-Name-Last: Vásquez Sánchez Title: New Bioarchaeological Evidence and Radiocarbon Dates from the Lambayeque/Sicán Culture Camelids from the El Brujo Complex (Northern Coast of Peru): Implications for Funerary and Herd Management Practices Abstract: Pastoralism and camelid management have been essential to all aspects of pre-Hispanic Andean societies. Here, we present zooarchaeological and isotopic data on domestic camelid remains from Huaca Cao Viejo (El Brujo archaeological complex) on the northern coast of Peru, and dated to the Lambayeque/Sicán period—to characterise their biological age, diet, life history, possible geographic origin and ritual use. Domestic camelids, representing a wide range of biological ages and a high rate of polydactyly, were found as burial offerings in direct association with human funerary bundles (fardos). Direct AMS dates indicated that camelids were buried over a short period of time (AD 1022–1176) confirming the Lambayeque presence in the Chicama Valley during the first half of the Late Intermediate Period. Stable isotopic analyses were carried out on both bone collagen and hair keratin, including incremental analysis. A considerable variability in δ13C values at both the intra-individual and the intra-group level and a large contribution of C4 resources to diet are shown. This clearly supports local management and camelids originating from various herds. Zooarchaeological and isotopic evidences suggest diversity in herding practices and suggest the importance of the herds in fulfilling the transportation demands for trade in goods. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 333-352 Issue: 3 Volume: 25 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1556960 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1556960 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:25:y:2020:i:3:p:333-352 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Celeste T. Samec Author-X-Name-First: Celeste T. Author-X-Name-Last: Samec Author-Name: Malena Pirola Author-X-Name-First: Malena Author-X-Name-Last: Pirola Author-Name: Hugo D. Yacobaccio Author-X-Name-First: Hugo D. Author-X-Name-Last: Yacobaccio Author-Name: Héctor O. Panarello Author-X-Name-First: Héctor O. Author-X-Name-Last: Panarello Title: Assessing Prehispanic Herding Strategies through Stable Isotope Analysis: A Case Study from the Dry Puna of Argentina Abstract: The main goal of this work is to study the camelid herding and management strategies employed by the human groups that occupied the Dry Puna of Argentina during the late Holocene. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope compositions were measured on bone collagen from domesticated South American camelids (llamas: Lama glama) recovered at two archaeological sites (Huirunpure and Chayal Cave). These results were interpreted using an already published data set of δ13C and δ15N values measured on bone collagen from modern herds of llamas managed in a traditional way. Our results showed that even though the archaeological sites of Huirunpure and Chayal Cave are located within different settings – at 4020 and 3700 masl respectively – and present different chronologies – 0–650 and 1300–1500 CE respectively – the llamas from both sites exhibit similar δ13C and δ15N values. This pattern was explained considering the characteristics of the vegetation communities that grow in the vicinity of both sites as well as the paleoenvironmental records of the Andean highlands. In sum, this work presents and discusses some preliminary results on the study of prehispanic herding practices in the Dry Puna of Argentina during the first 1500 years of the Common Era through stable isotope analysis. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 353-364 Issue: 3 Volume: 25 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1549348 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1549348 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:25:y:2020:i:3:p:353-364 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Correction Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 365-366 Issue: 3 Volume: 25 Year: 2020 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2020.1786292 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2020.1786292 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:25:y:2020:i:3:p:365-366 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Philippa Ascough Author-X-Name-First: Philippa Author-X-Name-Last: Ascough Author-Name: Ingrid Mainland Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid Author-X-Name-Last: Mainland Author-Name: Anthony Newton Author-X-Name-First: Anthony Author-X-Name-Last: Newton Title: From Isoscapes to Farmscapes: Introduction to the Special Issue Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 299-302 Issue: 4 Volume: 23 Year: 2018 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1516341 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1516341 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:23:y:2018:i:4:p:299-302 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amy Bogaard Author-X-Name-First: Amy Author-X-Name-Last: Bogaard Author-Name: Amy Styring Author-X-Name-First: Amy Author-X-Name-Last: Styring Author-Name: Mohammed Ater Author-X-Name-First: Mohammed Author-X-Name-Last: Ater Author-Name: Younes Hmimsa Author-X-Name-First: Younes Author-X-Name-Last: Hmimsa Author-Name: Laura Green Author-X-Name-First: Laura Author-X-Name-Last: Green Author-Name: Elizabeth Stroud Author-X-Name-First: Elizabeth Author-X-Name-Last: Stroud Author-Name: Jade Whitlam Author-X-Name-First: Jade Author-X-Name-Last: Whitlam Author-Name: Charlotte Diffey Author-X-Name-First: Charlotte Author-X-Name-Last: Diffey Author-Name: Erika Nitsch Author-X-Name-First: Erika Author-X-Name-Last: Nitsch Author-Name: Michael Charles Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Charles Author-Name: Glynis Jones Author-X-Name-First: Glynis Author-X-Name-Last: Jones Author-Name: John Hodgson Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Hodgson Title: From Traditional Farming in Morocco to Early Urban Agroecology in Northern Mesopotamia: Combining Present-day Arable Weed Surveys and Crop Isotope Analysis to Reconstruct Past Agrosystems in (Semi-)arid Regions Abstract: We integrate functional weed ecology with crop stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis to assess their combined potential for inferring arable land management practices in (semi-)arid regions from archaeobotanical assemblages. Weed and GIS survey of 60 cereal and pulse fields in Morocco are combined with crop sampling for stable isotope analysis to frame assessment of agricultural labour intensity in terms of manuring, irrigation, tillage and hand-weeding. Under low management intensity weed variation primarily reflects geographical differences, whereas under high management intensity fields in disparate regions have similar weed flora. Manured and irrigated oasis barley fields are clearly discriminated from less intensively manured rain-fed barley terraces in southern Morocco; when fields in northern and southern Morocco are considered together, climatic differences are superimposed on the agronomic intensity gradient. Barley δ13C and δ15N values clearly distinguish among the Moroccan regimes. An integrated approach combines crop isotope values with weed ecological discrimination of low- and high-intensity regimes across multiple studies (in southern Morocco and southern Europe). Analysis of archaeobotanical samples from EBA Tell Brak, Syria suggests that this early city was sustained through extensive (low-intensity, large-scale) cereal farming. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 303-322 Issue: 4 Volume: 23 Year: 2018 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2016.1261217 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2016.1261217 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:23:y:2018:i:4:p:303-322 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mònica Aguilera Author-X-Name-First: Mònica Author-X-Name-Last: Aguilera Author-Name: Véronique Zech-Matterne Author-X-Name-First: Véronique Author-X-Name-Last: Zech-Matterne Author-Name: Sébastien Lepetz Author-X-Name-First: Sébastien Author-X-Name-Last: Lepetz Author-Name: Marie Balasse Author-X-Name-First: Marie Author-X-Name-Last: Balasse Title: Crop Fertility Conditions in North-Eastern Gaul During the La Tène and Roman Periods: A Combined Stable Isotope Analysis of Archaeobotanical and Archaeozoological Remains Abstract: Considerable archaeobotanical datasets describe cereal cultivation in north-eastern France, from the Iron Age to the Roman period. This study aims to complement these by using stable isotope analysis on charred cereal grains. Soil fertility was investigated through δ15N and δ13C analyses of 1480 charred cereal grains, dated from the Late La Tène to the Late Antiquity periods. In the Île-de-France, charred grain Δ13C values suggested good hydric conditions, with drier episodes in the 1st and 3rd century AD; while in Champagne, the lower Δ13C values for spelt reflect the lower water holding capacity of the chalky soils. A wide range of cereal δ15N values (0.8–8.7‰) implies a wide range of soil fertility conditions. Jouars-Pontchartrain and Palaiseau (Île-de-France) yielded the highest cereal δ15N values, whereas Acy-Romance (Champagne) delivered among the lowest. From these three sites, the δ15N values of red deer bone collagen were used to estimate the reference δ15N values for unmanured plants. Unlike in Acy-Romance, there were significant differences in Palaiseau and Jouars-Pontchartrain, indicating that the cultivated cereals inherited their high δ15N values from manured soil. At Jouars-Pontchartrain, the δ15N value (almost 9‰) suggested a high trophic level manuring source, possibly from pig and/or human faeces. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 323-337 Issue: 4 Volume: 23 Year: 2018 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1291563 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1291563 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:23:y:2018:i:4:p:323-337 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jennifer R. Jones Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer R. Author-X-Name-Last: Jones Author-Name: Jacqui A. Mulville Author-X-Name-First: Jacqui A. Author-X-Name-Last: Mulville Title: Norse Animal Husbandry in Liminal Environments: Stable Isotope Evidence from the Scottish North Atlantic Islands Abstract: This paper employs δ13C and δ15N analysis of bone collagen to explore animal management at large Norse settlement sites in the liminal environments of the Scottish North Atlantic Islands. The Norse period was a time of social, cultural and economic change; the need to feed an expanding population and the demand for trade meant that domestic stock were a crucial resource. Our results indicate that rearing animals in these challenging insular environments required careful management. At all sites, the diet and movement of domestic cattle and sheep were highly similar and carefully controlled and, despite many of the analysed settlements lying close to the coast, there was no use of shorefront grazing or fodder resources. In contrast, pig rearing strategies varied across the island groups. In the Western Isles pig diets were diverse, indicative of household or ad hoc management, whilst on Orkney all pigs consumed a more restricted diet based primarily on terrestrial protein. A comparison of red deer with domestic stock on the Western Isles indicates that both groups were exploiting similar grazing niches. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 338-351 Issue: 4 Volume: 23 Year: 2018 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1439678 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1439678 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:23:y:2018:i:4:p:338-351 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. R. Ventresca Miller Author-X-Name-First: A. R. Author-X-Name-Last: Ventresca Miller Author-Name: C. Winter-Schuh Author-X-Name-First: C. Author-X-Name-Last: Winter-Schuh Author-Name: E. R. Usmanova Author-X-Name-First: E. R. Author-X-Name-Last: Usmanova Author-Name: A. Logvin Author-X-Name-First: A. Author-X-Name-Last: Logvin Author-Name: I. Shevnina Author-X-Name-First: I. Author-X-Name-Last: Shevnina Author-Name: C. A. Makarewicz Author-X-Name-First: C. A. Author-X-Name-Last: Makarewicz Title: Pastoralist Mobility in Bronze Age Landscapes of Northern Kazakhstan: 87Sr/86Sr and δ18O Analyses of Human Dentition from Bestamak and Lisakovsk Abstract: The role of migration and mobility of people across the steppe has often been cited as key to Bronze Age developments across Eurasia, including the emergence of complex societies in the steppe and the spread of material culture. The central Eurasian steppe (CES) is a focal point for the investigation of the shifting nature of pastoral societies because of the clear transition in archaeological patterning that occurred from the Middle (MBA) to Late Bronze Age (LBA). The spread of LBA (1700–1400 cal BC) Andronovo cultural materials found across wide swaths of the steppe provide indirect evidence for broad scale interactions, but the degree to which people moved across the landscape remains poorly understood. This study takes a first step into documenting human movement during these critical periods through strontium (87Sr/86Sr) and oxygen (δ18O) isotopic analyses of tooth enamel recovered from human individuals buried in the cemeteries of Bestamak (MBA) and Lisakovsk (LBA) in northern Kazakhstan. Strontium isotope results, referenced against the distribution of contemporary bioavailable strontium in the vicinity of both sites, suggest local communities engaged in small-scale mobility with limited ranges. Reduced strontium and oxygen isotopic variation visible in humans from Lisakovsk suggests mobility decreased from the Middle to Late Bronze Age likely indicative of a shift in resource and landscape use over time. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 352-366 Issue: 4 Volume: 23 Year: 2018 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1390031 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1390031 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:23:y:2018:i:4:p:352-366 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sarah Heins Ledogar Author-X-Name-First: Sarah Heins Author-X-Name-Last: Ledogar Title: Dietary Stress and Animal Resource Use at the Postclassic Maya city, Mayapán (Mexico) Abstract: Environmental changes resulting in drought and reductions in the availability of animal resources during the Late Classic Maya have been linked with the Maya ‘collapse’. Decreases in availability of dietary staples such as artiodactyls, and particularly white-tailed deer, during the Late Classic period would have placed food stress on populations during later periods. To test this hypothesis, here bone breakage patterns are examined at the Postclassic Maya city, Mayapán, to assess whether artiodactyl bones were being intensively processed for bone fats (marrow and grease). Fragmentation morphology, size and surface markings, along with skeletal part representation and distribution of large mammal bones were recorded for bone assemblages from several houselots. Evidence suggests the Maya were likely utilising bone marrow from artiodactyls but not intensively and they were not extracting bone grease. These results indicate that decreased accessibility to artiodactyls during the Postclassic was not causing high levels of dietary stress for the Maya at Mayapán, which is consistent with recent evidence demonstrating dietary consistency during the Postclassic in northern Yucatan. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 367-377 Issue: 4 Volume: 23 Year: 2018 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1312048 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1312048 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:23:y:2018:i:4:p:367-377 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kenneth D. Thomas Author-X-Name-First: Kenneth D. Author-X-Name-Last: Thomas Author-Name: Lydia Zapata Author-X-Name-First: Lydia Author-X-Name-Last: Zapata Title: The Efficiency of Flotation Compared with Other Methods for Recovering Assemblages of Terrestrial and Aquatic Gastropods from Archaeological Deposits, with Reference to the Site of Pico Ramos (Basque Country, Spain) Abstract: We analysed assemblages of shells of land snails and small aquatic and wetland gastropods from a late Mesolithic-early Neolithic deposit in the cave of Pico Ramos (Basque Country). Shells were recovered by hand during excavation and all excavated deposit was processed by flotation, with a 250 μm mesh to recover floating material and a 1.0 mm mesh to recover the heavy fraction. The total assemblage comprised 5780 individuals (MNI) among 33 taxa, the sieved sub-assemblage having the highest proportions of these (2841 MNI in 31 taxa) and the hand-picked sub-assemblage the lowest (698 MNI in 11 taxa). Eleven taxa were absent from the flotation sub-assemblage, although the recovered MNI (2241; 39% of the total MNI) was high. The palaeoecological implications of the results are considered. Adult and large-sized juvenile shells of the edible land snail Cepaea nemoralis are abundant in the hand-picked sub-assemblage, but it is the absence of small-sized juvenile shells in the flotation and wet-sieved sub-assemblages that permits the inference that the species was collected for consumption. Wet sieving is therefore essential, both for interpreting hand-picked samples and in particular for the recovery of representative assemblages of land molluscs. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 378-388 Issue: 4 Volume: 23 Year: 2018 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1345087 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1345087 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:23:y:2018:i:4:p:378-388 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Henk M. van der Velde Author-X-Name-First: Henk M. Author-X-Name-Last: van der Velde Author-Name: Johanna A. A. Bos Author-X-Name-First: Johanna A. A. Author-X-Name-Last: Bos Author-Name: Gert L. Kortekaas Author-X-Name-First: Gert L. Author-X-Name-Last: Kortekaas Author-Name: Frieda S. Zuidhoff Author-X-Name-First: Frieda S. Author-X-Name-Last: Zuidhoff Title: Living on the Edge? Transformation of a Marginal Pleistocene Landscape Into a Settlement Area in the Northeastern Part of the Netherlands Abstract: This paper will examine settlement location during the Iron Age in the northeast part of the Netherlands, an area shaped by Pleistocene geology. In recent years, a number of Late Iron Age/Early Roman settlements situated on the low lying slopes of sand ridges and nearby stream ridges revealed traces of an earlier Iron Age occupation. Palynological data revealed that this part of the landscape was used by humans before it was transformed into an area of settlement. An analysis of excavation data from two key sites at Denekamp-De Borchert and Groningen-Helpermaar, as well as other known sites, lead to the conclusion that the transformation of ‘peripheral landscapes’ into permanent settlement locations was preceded by a phase of arable cultivation which left no trace of permanent habitation. It is also suggested that the impact of human behaviour on the natural landscape in the Early and Middle Iron Age was much bigger than previously anticipated. When excavating this type of settlement areas dating to the Late Iron Age, archaeologists must be aware that only of a small group of archaeological features exist. The proposed model for the choice of settlement location may be more widespread, because of similarities in landscape between the study area presented here and other landscapes in Northwest-Europe (e.g. parts of Germany and Denmark). Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 389-402 Issue: 4 Volume: 23 Year: 2018 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1370854 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1370854 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:23:y:2018:i:4:p:389-402 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Taylor N. Dodrill Author-X-Name-First: Taylor N. Author-X-Name-Last: Dodrill Author-Name: Nicholas P. Jew Author-X-Name-First: Nicholas P. Author-X-Name-Last: Jew Author-Name: Scott M. Fitzpatrick Author-X-Name-First: Scott M. Author-X-Name-Last: Fitzpatrick Title: δ18O Analyses of the Humpbacked Conch (Gibberulus gibberulus): Evaluating a Proxy for Reconstructing Sea-Surface Temperature at Chelechol ra Orrak, Palau Abstract: In Palau, Micronesia, marine resources, particularly shellfish, played a vital role in human subsistence for millennia. Despite the vast array of molluscan species in archaeological assemblages, there is a dearth of data on nearshore palaeoecology or prehistoric shellfish foraging practices. In this study, we analysed stable oxygen isotopes (δ18O) values present in the calcium carbonate shell of Gibberulus gibberulus from the Chelechol ra Orrak archaeological site to reconstruct average nearshore sea-surface temperatures (SST) from approximately 1500–1100 cal BP. Modern shellfish samples and environmental data were collected from intertidal zones near the site and x-ray diffraction (XRD) was employed to identify the biomineralogical composition of G. gibberulus. These steps provide necessary information for the selection of the proper oxygen isotope-to-SST conversion formula. The selected formula was applied to δ18O samples from archaeological shells to reconstruct prehistoric SST averages. The results of this proxy validation study verify that G. gibberulus accurately records ambient SST and can be used to reconstruct ancient nearshore conditions. These findings also contribute to the establishment of an environmental baseline, which can be used to examine how environmental changes may have influenced the availability of molluscan taxa that in turn influenced human subsistence practices through time. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 403-415 Issue: 4 Volume: 23 Year: 2018 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1378159 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1378159 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:23:y:2018:i:4:p:403-415 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Duo Tian Author-X-Name-First: Duo Author-X-Name-Last: Tian Author-Name: Jian Ma Author-X-Name-First: Jian Author-X-Name-Last: Ma Author-Name: Jianxin Wang Author-X-Name-First: Jianxin Author-X-Name-Last: Wang Author-Name: Thomas Pilgram Author-X-Name-First: Thomas Author-X-Name-Last: Pilgram Author-Name: Zhijun Zhao Author-X-Name-First: Zhijun Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao Author-Name: Xinyi Liu Author-X-Name-First: Xinyi Author-X-Name-Last: Liu Title: Cultivation of Naked Barley by Early Iron Age Agro-pastoralists in Xinjiang, China Abstract: We report an archaeobotanical analysis of flotation samples taken from Shirenzigou, an Early Iron Age agro-pastoralist site dated between the fourth and first century BC, located on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, China. The charred macro-botanical assemblage is dominated by naked barley grains with a few broomcorn and foxtail millet grains. In the context of Trans-Eurasian exchange of cereal crops, southwest Asian crops (wheat and barley) and two Asian millets (broomcorn and foxtail) were introduced to Xinjiang a few centuries to a millennium before Shirenzigou was occupied. The choice of barley cultivation in preference to wheat and millet may have been possibly driven by the relatively extreme local environment and the scheduling requirements of mobile pastoralism. Barley is well suited to this environment, and the choice of naked barley in preference to hulled barley may have been driven by the whole grain tradition prevailing in East Asia. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 416-425 Issue: 4 Volume: 23 Year: 2018 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1415121 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1415121 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:23:y:2018:i:4:p:416-425 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rowena Y. Banerjea Author-X-Name-First: Rowena Y. Author-X-Name-Last: Banerjea Author-Name: Catherine Barnett Author-X-Name-First: Catherine Author-X-Name-Last: Barnett Author-Name: Lionello F. Morandi Author-X-Name-First: Lionello Author-X-Name-Last: F. Morandi Author-Name: Marta Portillo Author-X-Name-First: Marta Author-X-Name-Last: Portillo Title: Integrated Microscopy Approaches in Archaeobotany: proceedings of the 2016 and 2017 workshops, University of Reading, UK Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 131-134 Issue: 2 Volume: 25 Year: 2020 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2019.1593654 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2019.1593654 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:25:y:2020:i:2:p:131-134 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rowena Y. Banerjea Author-X-Name-First: Rowena Y. Author-X-Name-Last: Banerjea Author-Name: Monika Badura Author-X-Name-First: Monika Author-X-Name-Last: Badura Author-Name: Alex Brown Author-X-Name-First: Alex Author-X-Name-Last: Brown Author-Name: Lionello F. Morandi Author-X-Name-First: Lionello F. Author-X-Name-Last: Morandi Author-Name: Mirosław Marcinkowski Author-X-Name-First: Mirosław Author-X-Name-Last: Marcinkowski Author-Name: Heiki Valk Author-X-Name-First: Heiki Author-X-Name-Last: Valk Author-Name: Kristin M. Ismail-Meyer Author-X-Name-First: Kristin M. Author-X-Name-Last: Ismail-Meyer Author-Name: Aleks Pluskowski Author-X-Name-First: Aleks Author-X-Name-Last: Pluskowski Title: Feeding the Crusades: Archaeobotany, Animal Husbandry and Livestock Alimentation on the Baltic Frontier Abstract: The integrated results of micromorphology, plant macrofossil, pollen, phytolith, and non-pollen palynomorph analyses represent an important study of two thirteenth-century Teutonic Order castles at Karksi (Livonia), and Elbląg (Prussia). The research examines deposits that formed during the period of active crusading. At Karksi, the investigation of a midden and of the organic-rich sediment beneath allows the diachronic use of this area to be understood. Freshwater aquatic indicators are consistent with the occurrence of shallow stagnant water, as also suggested by a waterlaid pond sediment identified in thin-section. Coprophilous spore taxa suggest the use of the pond as a watering hole. Plant macrofossils from the midden represent a range of habitats, mostly from wet/damp areas, as well as pastures and meadows, and also woodlands. Fragments of millet are embedded within herbivore dung in thin-section showing the use of this grain as fodder. At Elbląg, parasite ova may derive from animal feces as they also occur in the dung observed in thin-section, and a range of coprophilous fungal spore taxa were extracted. The results reveal information about the range of livestock that the Teutonic Knights kept, whereabouts within the castles the animals were stabled, and what fodder was used. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 135-150 Issue: 2 Volume: 25 Year: 2020 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2019.1589924 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2019.1589924 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:25:y:2020:i:2:p:135-150 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Quentin Borderie Author-X-Name-First: Quentin Author-X-Name-Last: Borderie Author-Name: Terry Ball Author-X-Name-First: Terry Author-X-Name-Last: Ball Author-Name: Rowena Banerjea Author-X-Name-First: Rowena Author-X-Name-Last: Banerjea Author-Name: Mélinda Bizri Author-X-Name-First: Mélinda Author-X-Name-Last: Bizri Author-Name: Coline Lejault Author-X-Name-First: Coline Author-X-Name-Last: Lejault Author-Name: Sabrina Save Author-X-Name-First: Sabrina Author-X-Name-Last: Save Author-Name: Alys Vaughan-Williams Author-X-Name-First: Alys Author-X-Name-Last: Vaughan-Williams Title: Early Middle Ages Houses of Gien (France) from the Inside: Geoarchaeology and Archaeobotany of 9th–11th c. Floors Abstract: At Gien (France), indoor floors from early Middle Ages occupation (8th–10th c. AD) are very well preserved, providing a new reference for archaeological investigation in northern France. This site is located on an outcrop, 20 m above the Loire valley, where a 15th c. castle stands now. The medieval occupation combines high-status houses with crafting and agricultural areas. They constitute a new urban nucleus, which grew 2 km east from an ancient Roman settlement. During the rescue excavation, four buildings of different status were sampled and studied using an integrated approach, combining stratigraphy, micromorphology, chemical, macro-remain and phytolith analyses. Micromorphological investigations helped to identify 74 built floors, from 0.5 to 150 mm thick, made with transformed local clay or imported silty earth. Mineral floors were covered by vegetal ones, consisting of crop processing refuse. These litters include an abundance of phytoliths and some seeds, both produced by cultivated cereals, which were processed in situ, such as Triticum durum, Secale cereale and Hordeum vulgare. The refuse above the mineral and vegetal floors were trampled. They were produced not only by domestic activities, such as cooking and eating, but also by metallurgic activities and animal husbandry. The investigation of a contemporary pit indicated that, despite the large amount of refuse, floors were well maintained and regularly rebuilt. The spatial distribution of waste indicated that a single space could be dedicated to several activities, which were not necessarily separated by new floors. Moreover, the total absence of bioturbation allowed the study of a stage of dark earth formation, by comparing it to the contemporaneous mechanical disturbance of a part of the strata which occurred when building new floors. All these results give new evidence of the richness and the complexity of the early Middle Ages town, in addition to help identifying the activities which could take place in early castral areas. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 151-169 Issue: 2 Volume: 25 Year: 2020 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1534716 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1534716 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:25:y:2020:i:2:p:151-169 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luc Vrydaghs Author-X-Name-First: Luc Author-X-Name-Last: Vrydaghs Author-Name: Yannick Devos Author-X-Name-First: Yannick Author-X-Name-Last: Devos Title: Visibility, Preservation and Colour: A Descriptive System for the Study of Opal Phytoliths in (Archaeological) Soil and Sediment Thin Sections Abstract: Phytoliths are abundantly reported in (archaeological) soil thin sections. However, standard description systems are largely missing. The purpose of this paper is to present a descriptive system describing three aspects of phytoliths in soil thin sections: visibility, preservation and colour (VPC). The visibility expresses to which extent the phytoliths are masked or surrounded by fine material. The preservation is an indicator for the physico-chemical alterations that affected the phytoliths. Finally, colour is an indicator of the charring of the organic material surrounding the phytoliths. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 170-177 Issue: 2 Volume: 25 Year: 2020 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1501867 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1501867 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:25:y:2020:i:2:p:170-177 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Matthew Dalton Author-X-Name-First: Matthew Author-X-Name-Last: Dalton Author-Name: Philippa Ryan Author-X-Name-First: Philippa Author-X-Name-Last: Ryan Title: Variable Ovicaprid Diet and Faecal Spherulite Production at Amara West, Sudan Abstract: This paper presents the results of integrated geoarchaeological and archaeobotanical analyses of desiccated and charred ovicaprid dung pellets from the New Kingdom pharaonic settlement of Amara West (Sudan). These analyses reveal diagnostic phytolithic evidence for considerable variations in plant diet amongst the site’s ovicaprid population. These data shed light on aspects of ancient animal husbandry practice, the settlement’s subsistence economy and residents’ exploitation of natural resources. We also observe that specific phytolith types correlate with the presence (and quantity) or absence of calcium carbonate faecal spherulites in analysed dung pellets. This evidence, augmented by experimental analysis of analogous modern plant material, suggests that dietary Ca intake is implicated in faecal spherulite crystallization within the ovicaprid digestive system. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 178-197 Issue: 2 Volume: 25 Year: 2020 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1501852 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1501852 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:25:y:2020:i:2:p:178-197 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lionello F. Morandi Author-X-Name-First: Lionello F. Author-X-Name-Last: Morandi Title: An Ethnoarchaeological Case Study of Dung Fungal Spore and Faecal Spherulite Taphonomy in a Pastoral Cave Deposit Abstract: In alkaline cave sediments, the presence of faecal spherulites is regarded as a reliable indicator of animal dung. Spores of coprophilous fungi are nowadays frequently employed as grazing indicators in palaeoecological sequences, but their use in dryland pastoral deposits is not routine in geoarchaeological practice. The paper assesses the relationship between the occurrence of spherulites and dung fungal spores from an abandoned rock shelter used as a stable for several decades. A clear match between these proxies is shown, and their distribution across the sediments is discussed, highlighting the potential of coprophilous spore analysis from archaeological stabling deposits, alongside other established dung indicators. The abundance of other microfossils (parasite eggs, coccolith plates and freshwater indicators) is also quantified and discussed. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 198-207 Issue: 2 Volume: 25 Year: 2020 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1529944 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1529944 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:25:y:2020:i:2:p:198-207 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aroa García-Suárez Author-X-Name-First: Aroa Author-X-Name-Last: García-Suárez Author-Name: Marta Portillo Author-X-Name-First: Marta Author-X-Name-Last: Portillo Author-Name: Wendy Matthews Author-X-Name-First: Wendy Author-X-Name-Last: Matthews Title: Early Animal Management Strategies during the Neolithic of the Konya Plain, Central Anatolia: Integrating Micromorphological and Microfossil Evidence Abstract: This paper examines the contribution of microscopic multi-proxy approaches to the study of early husbandry practices and animal diet by integrated micromorphological, phytolith, and calcitic dung spherulite analyses of midden deposits at the three neighbouring Neolithic sites of Boncuklu (9th–8th millennium cal BC), Pınarbaşı (7th millennium cal BC) and Çatalhöyük (8th–6th millennium cal BC) in the Konya Plain, Central Turkey.The results reveal considerable chronological and contextual variation in human-animal inter-relations in open areas between different communities and sites. At Boncuklu, middens display well-defined areas where phytoliths and substantial accumulations of omnivore faecal matter low in spherulite content have been identified. By contrast, open spaces at the Late Neolithic campsite of Pınarbaşı comprise large concentrations of herbivore dung material associated with neonatal ovicaprine remains from spring birthing. Here, the deposits represent repeated dung-burning events, and include high concentrations of dung spherulites and phytoliths from wild grasses, and leaves and culms of reeds that, we suggest here, derive from fodder and fuel sources. Late middens at Çatalhöyük are characterised by thick sequences derived from multiple fuel burning events and rich in ashes, charred plants, articulated phytoliths – mainly from the husk of cereals, as well as the leaves and stems of reeds and sedges – and omnivore/ruminant coprolites, the abundance of the latter declining markedly in the latest levels of occupation.The application of this integrated microscopic approach to open areas has contributed to unravelling the complexity of formation processes at these sites, providing new insights into herding practices, diet, and the ecological diversity of Neolithic communities in Central Anatolia. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 208-226 Issue: 2 Volume: 25 Year: 2020 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1497831 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1497831 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:25:y:2020:i:2:p:208-226 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Catherine Barnett Author-X-Name-First: Catherine Author-X-Name-Last: Barnett Title: Fuelling the Fires: The Contribution of Wood Charcoal Analysis to a Landscape Scale Project at and Around Pre-Conquest Iron Age Silchester and a Reflection on Its Wider Implications Abstract: The contribution of targeted wood charcoal analysis (anthracology) to understanding of the 1st millennium BC Pre-Conquest Late Iron Age oppidum and transition to Early Roman town life at Silchester and nearby late prehistoric hinterland sites investigated by the Silchester Environs project is considered. Attention is given to whether substantive differences in charcoal assemblages of varying size and origin are discernible through time and space, and to their value in elucidating landscape, environment, woodland structure, taphonomy, site function and lifestyles. This paper aims to take stock of the work so far and reflect on what lessons can be learned within and beyond the project. Site-level data are summarised and contrasted for the reader, while full context-level interpretation is published elsewhere [Barnett Forthcoming a. “The Early Roman Wood Charcoal and Waterlogged Wood at Silchester.” In Silchester Insula IX: The Claudio-Neronian occupation of the Iron Age Oppidum. Britannia Monograph Series, edited by M. G. Fulford, A. Clarke, E. Durham, and N. Pankhurst. London: The Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies; and Barnett Forthcoming c. “Overview of the Archaeobotanical Evidence.” In Silchester Environs: The Landscape Context of Iron Age Calleva, edited by C. Barnett, and M. G. Fulford. Oxford: Oxbow Books monograph]. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 227-245 Issue: 2 Volume: 25 Year: 2020 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2019.1590513 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2019.1590513 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:25:y:2020:i:2:p:227-245 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marta Portillo Author-X-Name-First: Marta Author-X-Name-Last: Portillo Author-Name: Terry B. Ball Author-X-Name-First: Terry B. Author-X-Name-Last: Ball Author-Name: Michael Wallace Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Wallace Author-Name: Charlene Murphy Author-X-Name-First: Charlene Author-X-Name-Last: Murphy Author-Name: Sebastián Pérez-Díaz Author-X-Name-First: Sebastián Author-X-Name-Last: Pérez-Díaz Author-Name: Mónica Ruiz-Alonso Author-X-Name-First: Mónica Author-X-Name-Last: Ruiz-Alonso Author-Name: Francisco Javier Aceituno Author-X-Name-First: Francisco Javier Author-X-Name-Last: Aceituno Author-Name: José Antonio López-Sáez Author-X-Name-First: José Antonio Author-X-Name-Last: López-Sáez Title: Advances in Morphometrics in Archaeobotany Abstract: Morphometric analysis offers an alternative or augmentation to traditional archaeobotanical methods to address differences within and between plant species and their remains, refining and enhancing taxonomic resolution. Morphometrics, the measurement of size and shape, and the multivariate statistical analysis of generated quantitative variables, have long played a major role in biological research, including plant taxonomy and systematics, although its application in archaeobotany is relatively recent. Over the last few decades, there has been an increasing interest in the use of morphometrics for analysing a varied range of archaeological plant materials (mainly seeds, pollen, phytoliths, and starch grains). In particular, morphometrics have contributed to the study of the domestication and spread of many cereals world-wide, as well as that of other taxa including legumes, underground storage organs (USO), and fruits (such as olives, grapes, and dates). This paper reviews current methodologies, recent applications, and advances in the use of morphometrics in archaeobotanical research, discusses its role in exploring major research questions, and suggests possible future directions for its use. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 246-256 Issue: 2 Volume: 25 Year: 2020 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2019.1569351 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2019.1569351 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:25:y:2020:i:2:p:246-256 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mark Redknap Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Redknap Title: England's Shipwreck Heritage: From Logboats to U-Boats Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 104-105 Issue: 1 Volume: 20 Year: 2015 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1179/1461410314Z.00000000083 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1461410314Z.00000000083 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:20:y:2015:i:1:p:104-105 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joan Bernabeu Author-X-Name-First: Joan Author-X-Name-Last: Bernabeu Author-Name: Oreto García Puchol Author-X-Name-First: Oreto García Author-X-Name-Last: Puchol Author-Name: Salvador Pardo Author-X-Name-First: Salvador Author-X-Name-Last: Pardo Author-Name: Michael Barton Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Barton Author-Name: Sarah B. McClure Author-X-Name-First: Sarah B. Author-X-Name-Last: McClure Title: AEA 2012 Conference Reading: Socioecological dynamics at the time of Neolithic transition in Iberia Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 108-108 Issue: 1 Volume: 20 Year: 2015 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1179/1461410315Z.000000000103 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1461410315Z.000000000103 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:20:y:2015:i:1:p:108-108 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shaw Badenhorst Author-X-Name-First: Shaw Author-X-Name-Last: Badenhorst Title: Intensive hunting during the Iron Age of Southern Africa Abstract: Domestic faunal samples from farming sites from southern Africa dating from the Early (∼AD 200–900) and Middle (∼AD 900–1300) Iron Ages with large faunal samples are typically dominated by sheep/goats (both number of identified specimens and minimum number of individuals for large samples). However, four exceptions to this general pattern from these time periods are Bosutswe, Nqoma (both in Botswana), KwaGandaganda and Mamba (both in KwaZulu-Natal). At these sites, cattle outnumber sheep/goats, which have previously been measured using a Cattle Index. Intensive hunting is investigated at one of these sites, Bosutswe. Using various lines of evidence, including measuring high- vs. low-ranked prey, economic activities, as well as grease extraction and ageing from the most common taxon, plains zebra (Equus quagga), it is suggested that resource depression of wild game likely occurred. This would fit the expectation, based on human behavioural ecology, that as high-ranked game resource diminished over time, more emphasis was placed on cattle herding. The greater emphasis could have influenced descent patterns of people at Bosutswe. By the Late Iron Age (∼AD 1300–1820s), cattle dominate most faunal assemblages in southern Africa with large sample sizes, and ethnographic and historical information confirm the central role these animals played in the social, political and economic lives of these farmers. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 41-51 Issue: 1 Volume: 20 Year: 2015 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000039 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000039 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:20:y:2015:i:1:p:41-51 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lee G. Broderick Author-X-Name-First: Lee G. Author-X-Name-Last: Broderick Title: Two oxen ahead: pre-mechanized farming in the Mediterranean Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 106-107 Issue: 1 Volume: 20 Year: 2015 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1179/1461410314Z.00000000099 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1461410314Z.00000000099 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:20:y:2015:i:1:p:106-107 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mans Schepers Author-X-Name-First: Mans Author-X-Name-Last: Schepers Author-Name: Henk Van Haaster Author-X-Name-First: Henk Author-X-Name-Last: Van Haaster Title: Dung matters: An experimental study into the effectiveness of using dung from hay-fed livestock to reconstruct local vegetation Abstract: This paper explores the relationship between standing vegetation and dung from hay-fed cattle and sheep. In an experimental study, hay is retrieved from a known hay field, surrounded by a semi-open landscape of hedgerows, forests and heather fields. The hay is fed to cattle and sheep, after which the dung is collected and from which the botanical remains are analysed, according to archaeobotanical standards. The results from the macro-remains are compared to vegetation relevés from the hay field. The pollen analysis is compared to both the hay field and the surrounding vegetation. Results from the plant macro remains provide an excellent representation of the vegetation in the field itself on the presence/absence level. Pollen analysis reflects the regional vegetation very well and are comparable with ‘surface samples’. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 66-81 Issue: 1 Volume: 20 Year: 2015 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000030 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000030 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:20:y:2015:i:1:p:66-81 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Emma C. James Author-X-Name-First: Emma C. Author-X-Name-Last: James Author-Name: Jessica C. Thompson Author-X-Name-First: Jessica C. Author-X-Name-Last: Thompson Title: On bad terms: Problems and solutions within zooarchaeological bone surface modification studies Abstract: The identification of butchery marks in the zooarchaeological record has consistently been debated. Much experimental work has been done to understand the causal agents behind some bone surface modifications, but recent controversies show that there is still no consensus. Terminology is not consistent between researchers, and there is ambiguity in how characteristics of marks are described and interpreted. There is also a lack of understanding of what causes individual variables within marks made by different agents, which is compounded by mark morphologies being described in terms that imply their causality. This paper examines these two problems in light of historic and current trends in the taphonomic literature, and recommends ways to describe marks that will facilitate more effective communication between researchers. It is proposed that greater standardisation within zooarchaeology is needed in seven key areas, and that this is the best avenue for moving into a new phase of taphonomic research. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 89-103 Issue: 1 Volume: 20 Year: 2015 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000023 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000023 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:20:y:2015:i:1:p:89-103 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Erik J. Marsh Author-X-Name-First: Erik J. Author-X-Name-Last: Marsh Title: The emergence of agropastoralism: Accelerated ecocultural change on the Andean altiplano, ∼3540–3120 cal BP Abstract: In the fourth millennium BP, there were major environmental and cultural changes on the Andean altiplano of South America, but the chronology remains vague. A recent synthesis describes a slow, gradual transition from hunting and gathering to agropastoralism. This proposal is tested by refining the date of the onset of more humid and stable conditions, around 3550 cal BP, based on a Bayesian model of 26 dates from Lake Wiñaymarka and an updated calculation of the lacustrine offset. This is compared to Bayesian models of 191 dates from 20 archaeological sites, which incorporate a number of recently processed radiocarbon dates. A synthesis is presented of 15 full coverage surveys, a summed probability distribution, and a Bayesian model of the transition to ceramics, which together support a scenario of a very rapid demographic increase. Fourteen models from archaeological sites are cross-referenced in a composite model, which identifies a brief, altiplano-wide emergence of agropastoralism with starting and ending boundaries of 3540 and 3120 cal BP, respectively. This starting boundary correlates strongly with the onset of improving environmental conditions, indicating synchronous cultural and environmental change. The suite of accelerating cultural changes included a marked reduction in mobility, a demographic surge, increased subsistence diversity, the adoption of ceramics, farming and the integration of camelid herding into a remarkably resilient economic strategy still in use today. This is a highly relevant but yet to be used comparative case study for the variable tempos of ‘big histories’, and ecocultural interactions that generate rapid, emergent episodes of wide-spread and enduring cultural change. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 13-29 Issue: 1 Volume: 20 Year: 2015 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000036 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000036 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:20:y:2015:i:1:p:13-29 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sveinung Bang-Andersen Author-X-Name-First: Sveinung Author-X-Name-Last: Bang-Andersen Title: The telltale potency of a simple milligram of charcoal found in a hearth left by Mesolithic reindeer hunters in the Norwegian mountains Abstract: The discovery and excavation of superimposed, information-rich Pre-Boreal hunting sites around the mountain lakes of Myrvatn and Fløyrlivatn in Southwest Norway have been the subject of archaeological debate. A brief review of research is presented here. In contrast to the well-preserved sites, settlement remains of a diametrically different order occur in the strongly water-eroded zone of the lakeshores: small, surface hearths in almost every stage of preservation, from evident hearths to diffuse and irregular scatters of fire-cracked stones. The latter category seems generally underestimated as a source of evidence. However, recent finds at Myrvatn demonstrate how even blurred, heavily eroded and almost intangible hearth remains, by the support of wood anatomical analysis, radiocarbon dating and intra-site comparison, may reveal concise, invaluable information both about the history of local use and regional landscape development. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 82-88 Issue: 1 Volume: 20 Year: 2015 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1179/1461410314Z.00000000072 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1461410314Z.00000000072 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:20:y:2015:i:1:p:82-88 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Landon P. Karr Author-X-Name-First: Landon P. Author-X-Name-Last: Karr Author-Name: Alice E. G. Short Author-X-Name-First: Alice E. G. Author-X-Name-Last: Short Author-Name: L. Adrien Hannus Author-X-Name-First: L. Author-X-Name-Last: Adrien Hannus Author-Name: Alan K. Outram Author-X-Name-First: Alan K. Author-X-Name-Last: Outram Title: A bone grease processing station at the Mitchell Prehistoric Indian Village: Archaeological evidence for the exploitation of bone fats Abstract: Recent excavations at the Mitchell Prehistoric Indian Village, an Initial Middle Missouri site in Mitchell, South Dakota have revealed a large, clay-lined feature filled with fractured and fragmented bison bones. Fracture and fragmentation analysis, along with taphonomic evidence, suggests that the bones preserved within the feature represent evidence of prehistoric bone marrow and bone grease exploitation. Further, the character of the feature suggests that it served as a bone grease processing station. Bone fat exploitation is an activity that is frequently cited as a causal explanation for the nature of many fractured and fragmented bone assemblages in prehistory, and zooarchaeological assemblages have frequently been studied as evidence of bone fat exploitation. The Mitchell example provides some of the first direct, in-situ archaeological evidence of a bone grease processing feature, and this interpretation is sustained by substantial analytical evidence suggesting bone fat exploitation. This new evidence provides a clearer concept of the nature of bone fat exploitation in prehistory as well as an indication of the scale and degree to which bone grease exploitation occurred at the Mitchell site. Finally, this research demonstrates the importance of careful zooarchaeological and taphonomic analysis for the interpretation of both artifactual remains as well as archaeological features. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 1-12 Issue: 1 Volume: 20 Year: 2015 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000035 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000035 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:20:y:2015:i:1:p:1-12 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maria Guagnin Author-X-Name-First: Maria Author-X-Name-Last: Guagnin Title: Animal engravings in the central Sahara: A proxy of a proxy Abstract: The rock art of the central Sahara was created out of the beliefs, traditions and experiences of the engravers and painters. The animal engravings of the Wadi al-Ajal in south-western Libya are used to isolate some of the environmental and cultural/symbolic components that make up the pictorial record. A comparison between the depicted animals and the faunal remains recovered in the area identifies a number of characteristics. The engraving repertoire is dominated by a small number of frequently depicted animals that were of symbolic or economic importance to the engravers. Rare and singular depicted species extend this record to a diverse species spectrum. Although a preferential depiction of herbivores is evident in the data, there is a close match between faunal record and engravings which shows that all larger animals (over ca. 10 kg) that were present in the area were also depicted. The selection of animals in the rock art appears to reflect their visibility in the landscape while also providing a record of changing climatic conditions from savanna to desert habitats. The rock art therefore provides an indirect record of the local environment while also capturing the engravers' perception of animals and landscape. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 52-65 Issue: 1 Volume: 20 Year: 2015 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000026 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000026 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:20:y:2015:i:1:p:52-65 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Suzanne E. Pilaar Birch Author-X-Name-First: Suzanne E. Author-X-Name-Last: Pilaar Birch Author-Name: Preston Miracle Author-X-Name-First: Preston Author-X-Name-Last: Miracle Title: Subsistence continuity, change, and environmental adaptation at the site of Nugljanska, Istria, Croatia Abstract: This paper investigates changes in subsistence strategies at the upland cave site of Nugljanska (Croatia) at the end of the last ice age, during a time of rapid sea level rise and changing environment. We analysed the faunal assemblage from archaeological levels spanning the Pleistocene–Holocene transition (15,000–8000 years BP) and evaluated changes in relative abundance of species, measured species diversity, and compared the representation of terrestrial mammal and marine resources. We found a significant shift in the most abundant prey species exploited (from red deer, Cervus, to wild boar, Sus). There was some correlation between dietary diversification and periods of increased moisture availability and the spread of deciduous forest in the area. Our results suggest that there was a continuing reliance on terrestrial resources throughout time and that changes in dietary patterns were likely due to local environmental change and potentially, changing seasonal mobility strategies, at the Pleistocene–Holocene transition. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 30-40 Issue: 1 Volume: 20 Year: 2015 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000051 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000051 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:20:y:2015:i:1:p:30-40 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maria Lahtinen Author-X-Name-First: Maria Author-X-Name-Last: Lahtinen Author-Name: Anna-Kaisa Salmi Author-X-Name-First: Anna-Kaisa Author-X-Name-Last: Salmi Title: Mixed Livelihood Society in Iin Hamina – a Case Study of Medieval Diet in the Northern Ostrobothnia, Finland Abstract: A stable isotope investigation of a large Medieval population buried in Iin Hamina, northern Finland, has been used to reconstruct palaeodiet. Iin Hamina is situated approximately 30 km away from the modern city Oulu, in close proximity to the Bothnian Bay coast and the river Ii. The material used in this study is human skeletal material from an Iin Hamina cemetery dated as 15 to 17th centuries AD and animal bones excavated in Northern Ostrobothnia from pre-industrial contexts. Stable isotope analysis of well-preserved collagen indicate that both freshwater and marine fish was the dominant protein source for the people buried at the Iin Hamina cemetery. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 1-14 Issue: 1 Volume: 24 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1444695 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1444695 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:24:y:2019:i:1:p:1-14 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rikke Maring Author-X-Name-First: Rikke Author-X-Name-Last: Maring Author-Name: Felix Riede Author-X-Name-First: Felix Author-X-Name-Last: Riede Title: Possible Wild Boar Management during the Ertebølle Period. A Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Analysis of Mesolithic Wild Boar from Fannerup F, Denmark Abstract: This paper presents a stable isotope and radiocarbon study on a total of 85 samples of wild boar (Sus scrofa), humans (Homo sapiens), dogs (Canis familiaris), red deer (Cervus elaphus) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) from four Late Mesolithic sites in Jutland, Denmark. Four of the eight Sus scrofa samples from one site, the shell midden of Fannerup F, show markedly enriched carbon and nitrogen isotope values, indicating a dietary intake of a substantial amount of marine food. In contrast to standard interpretations of Late Mesolithic animal economy, we suggest that the enriched values of Sus scrofa may be an indication of management by Ertebølle groups in the area that facilitated access to substantial amounts of marine foods for these wild boars compared to contemporaneous conspecifics. The 14C dates of the Sus scrofa range from 5290 to 4335 cal BC, suggesting that the management of Sus scrofa developed independently of contact with Neolithic societies. Although the sample size remains small, the interpretation of Late Mesolithic animal management adds to the growing evidence for political and economic complexity in the Ertebølle culture. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 15-27 Issue: 1 Volume: 24 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1516328 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1516328 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:24:y:2019:i:1:p:15-27 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kelly Reed Author-X-Name-First: Kelly Author-X-Name-Last: Reed Author-Name: Lisa Lodwick Author-X-Name-First: Lisa Author-X-Name-Last: Lodwick Author-Name: Tino Leleković Author-X-Name-First: Tino Author-X-Name-Last: Leleković Author-Name: Hrvoje Vulić Author-X-Name-First: Hrvoje Author-X-Name-Last: Vulić Title: Exploring Roman Ritual Behaviours Through Plant Remains from Pannonia Inferior Abstract: The recovery of new plant remains from eastern Croatia are discussed here in order to determine their ritual significance and how this evidence may fit into chronological and regional observations on ritual plant offerings in the Roman world. Samples collected from inhumations, cremations and an altar dedicated to Silvanus Domesticus, dating from the 2nd to 4th centuries AD, are presented and show that a range of more ‘common’ plant remains, such as cereals and pulses, were an important part of ritual life. These results are also compared to the growing archaeobotanical data collected from shrine and cremation burials across Europe. Although the archaeobotanical data from the Croatian sites are limited, the increasing evidence of ritual plant use allows observations regarding the wider context of Roman social and religious change. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 28-37 Issue: 1 Volume: 24 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1443601 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1443601 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:24:y:2019:i:1:p:28-37 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jesús Fernández Author-X-Name-First: Jesús Author-X-Name-Last: Fernández Author-Name: Gabriel Moshenska Author-X-Name-First: Gabriel Author-X-Name-Last: Moshenska Author-Name: Eneko Iriarte Author-X-Name-First: Eneko Author-X-Name-Last: Iriarte Title: Archaeology and Climate Change: Evidence of a Flash-flood During the LIA in Asturias (NW Spain) and its Social Consequences Abstract: This paper presents the results of a multidisciplinary study of the impact of climate change during the Little Ice Age on a medieval village in Asturias, Spain. The research focused on tracing evidence for a catastrophic flood that buried the village beneath a thick layer of debris, including examining the remains of structures and agricultural land sealed beneath the debris, and considering the social and economic implications of the event in the subsequent history of the area. First, a series of test pits was excavated within the area of the modern village to map the full extent of the damage. Following this, analysis of the stratigraphy, architectural remains, datable artefacts and radiocarbon dating contributed further details, while historical evidence revealed the privatisation of the agricultural land following the catastrophe. The findings offer a snapshot of climate change and its social contexts in a specific, under-studied area with possible implications for the study of risk behaviour and disaster response in currently inhabited areas. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 38-48 Issue: 1 Volume: 24 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1407469 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1407469 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:24:y:2019:i:1:p:38-48 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Liselotte M. Takken Beijersbergen Author-X-Name-First: Liselotte M. Author-X-Name-Last: Takken Beijersbergen Title: Determining Age and Season of Death by Use of Incremental Lines in Norwegian Reindeer Tooth Cementum Abstract: Using incremental patterns in tooth cementum is a powerful tool for age assessment. Recent developments have shown that the method has a large potential as an indicator of the season of death of the individual in question. In this paper, the results of a study comparing thin sections of teeth of the modern Hardangervidda reindeer population to those of Iron Age, eleventh, and thirteenth century reindeer hunting stations from the same area are presented. The tooth wear stages were compared to the actual age of the individual (based on the number of incremental lines and the age at eruption). It was established that in the studied reindeer populations wear stages sometimes result in too low an age estimate. Having identified the start of the period of deposition for rest lines in the modern reindeer population as early autumn and winter, analysis of the outermost layer in the tooth cementum at the archaeological sites points to a prolonged hunting season in the thirteenth century, while in the earlier phases hunters were probably present on fewer and shorter visits. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 49-60 Issue: 1 Volume: 24 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1394625 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1394625 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:24:y:2019:i:1:p:49-60 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Henrik B. Lindskoug Author-X-Name-First: Henrik B. Author-X-Name-Last: Lindskoug Author-Name: M. Bernarda Marconetto Author-X-Name-First: M. Bernarda Author-X-Name-Last: Marconetto Title: Reconstruction of Fire History Using ‘Dry’ Sediments, An Approach for Microcharcoal Studies from the Sierras Pampeanas, NW Argentina Abstract: A new accessible and easy method for studying past fire events using ‘dry sediments’ is presented. The method was developed for analysing samples from 17 locations in the Ambato Valley, NW Argentina, to study fire regimes in the area. Based on earlier researchers’ methods, guidelines to use microcharcoals in ‘dry’ sediments as a palaeoenvironmental proxy are provided. The procedures outlined include sampling/extraction in the field, preparations of the samples, laboratory analysis and quantification of the samples. The new approach was useful to meet the objectives and answer the questions initially proposed in our research about past fire regimes affecting the past Aguada society. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 61-78 Issue: 1 Volume: 24 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1408181 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1408181 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:24:y:2019:i:1:p:61-78 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kristiina Mannermaa Author-X-Name-First: Kristiina Author-X-Name-Last: Mannermaa Author-Name: Dimitri Gerasimov Author-X-Name-First: Dimitri Author-X-Name-Last: Gerasimov Author-Name: Evgeny Girya Author-X-Name-First: Evgeny Author-X-Name-Last: Girya Author-Name: Mikhail V. Sablin Author-X-Name-First: Mikhail V. Author-X-Name-Last: Sablin Title: Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) Teeth from a Female Burial in Yuzhniy Oleniy Ostrov, Northwestern Russia (c. 6200 cal BC) – Local Rarities or Transported Goods? Abstract: Tooth pendants of European elk, Eurasian beaver and brown bear are the most common artefact type in graves at Late Mesolithic Yuzhniy Oleniy Ostrov on Lake Onega, northwestern Russia. In one burial of a 20-35-year-old woman, 18 fragments of wild boar tooth pendants from at least five individuals were found. Wild boar was not a regular part of local fauna in the Mesolithic, and if these wild boars were hunted locally, they were very unusual game. These wild boar tooth pendants may also represent imported goods that came to Onega from a more southern area via exchange. It is also possible that the woman was not local but came from a region where wild boars were abundant and common game for Mesolithic people. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 79-90 Issue: 1 Volume: 24 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1393139 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1393139 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:24:y:2019:i:1:p:79-90 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Canan Çakırlar Author-X-Name-First: Canan Author-X-Name-Last: Çakırlar Author-Name: John M. Marston Author-X-Name-First: John M. Author-X-Name-Last: Marston Title: Rural Agricultural Economies and Military Provisioning at Roman Gordion (Central Turkey) Abstract: Roman Gordion, on the Anatolian plateau, is the only excavated rural military settlement in a pacified territory in the Roman East, providing a unique opportunity to investigate the agricultural economy of a permanent Roman garrison. We present combined results of archaeobotanical and zooarchaeological analyses, assessing several hypotheses regarding Roman military provisioning. The garrison adapted its dietary preferences to local agricultural systems, but maintained its traditional meat supply of pork, beef, and chickens as well. There is evidence for economic interdependence with local farmers and cattle herders, self-sufficiency in pork and chicken production, and complex relationships with autonomous sheep and goat herders who pursued their own economic goals. If the Roman military in Gordion exercised a command economy, they were able to implement that control only on specific components of the agricultural sector, especially cereal farming. The sheep and goat herding system remained unaltered, targeting secondary products for a market economy and/or broader provincial taxation authorities. The garrison introduced new elements to the animal economy of the Gordion region, including a new pig husbandry system. Comparison with contemporary non-military settlements suggests both similarities and differences with urban meat economies of Roman Anatolia. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 91-105 Issue: 1 Volume: 24 Year: 2019 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1385890 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1385890 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:24:y:2019:i:1:p:91-105 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Arlene Fradkin Author-X-Name-First: Arlene Author-X-Name-Last: Fradkin Author-Name: Lembi Lougas Author-X-Name-First: Lembi Author-X-Name-Last: Lougas Title: A fish story or history? Evidence from the past Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 103-104 Issue: 2 Volume: 21 Year: 2016 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2016.1171950 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2016.1171950 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:21:y:2016:i:2:p:103-104 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Harry K. Robson Author-X-Name-First: Harry K. Author-X-Name-Last: Robson Author-Name: Søren H. Andersen Author-X-Name-First: Søren H. Author-X-Name-Last: Andersen Author-Name: Leon Clarke Author-X-Name-First: Leon Author-X-Name-Last: Clarke Author-Name: Oliver E. Craig Author-X-Name-First: Oliver E. Author-X-Name-Last: Craig Author-Name: Kurt J. Gron Author-X-Name-First: Kurt J. Author-X-Name-Last: Gron Author-Name: Andrew K. G. Jones Author-X-Name-First: Andrew K. G. Author-X-Name-Last: Jones Author-Name: Per Karsten Author-X-Name-First: Per Author-X-Name-Last: Karsten Author-Name: Nicky Milner Author-X-Name-First: Nicky Author-X-Name-Last: Milner Author-Name: T. Douglas Price Author-X-Name-First: T. Douglas Author-X-Name-Last: Price Author-Name: Kenneth Ritchie Author-X-Name-First: Kenneth Author-X-Name-Last: Ritchie Author-Name: Mirosława Zabilska-Kunek Author-X-Name-First: Mirosława Author-X-Name-Last: Zabilska-Kunek Author-Name: Carl Heron Author-X-Name-First: Carl Author-X-Name-Last: Heron Title: Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values in freshwater, brackish and marine fish bone collagen from Mesolithic and Neolithic sites in central and northern Europe Abstract: The aim of this research is to examine the isotopic characterisation of archaeological fish species as it relates to freshwater, brackish and marine environments, trophic level and migration patterns, and to determine intraspecies variation within and between fish populations in different locations within central and northern Europe. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis was undertaken on collagen extracted from 72 fish bone samples from eight Mesolithic and Neolithic archaeological sites in this region. Thirty-six (50%) of the specimens analysed produced results with acceptable carbon to nitrogen atomic ratios (2·9–3·6). The fish remains encompassed a wide spectrum of freshwater, brackish and marine taxa (n = 12), which were reflected in the δ13C values (−24·5 to −7·8‰). The freshwater/brackish fish (pike, Esox lucius; perch, Perca fluviatilis; zander, Sander lucioperca) had δ13C values that ranged from −24·2 to −19·3‰, whereas the brackish/marine fish (spurdog, Squalus acanthias; flatfish, Pleuronectidae; codfish, Gadidae; garfish, Belone belone; mackerel, Scomber scombrus) ranged from −14·9 to −9·4‰. Salmonidae, an anadromous taxon, and eel (Anguilla anguilla), a catadromous species, had carbon isotope values consistent with marine origin, and no evidence of freshwater residency (−12·7 to −11·7‰). The δ15N values had a range of 6·2‰ (6·5–12·7‰) indicating that these fish were on average feeding at 1·7 trophic levels higher than their producers in these diverse aquatic environments. These results serve as an important ecological baseline for the future isotopic reconstruction of the diet of human populations dating to the late Mesolithic and early Neolithic of the region. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 105-118 Issue: 2 Volume: 21 Year: 2016 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631415Y.0000000014 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631415Y.0000000014 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:21:y:2016:i:2:p:105-118 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Simone Häberle Author-X-Name-First: Simone Author-X-Name-Last: Häberle Author-Name: Benjamin T. Fuller Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin T. Author-X-Name-Last: Fuller Author-Name: Olaf Nehlich Author-X-Name-First: Olaf Author-X-Name-Last: Nehlich Author-Name: Wim Van Neer Author-X-Name-First: Wim Author-X-Name-Last: Van Neer Author-Name: Jörg Schibler Author-X-Name-First: Jörg Author-X-Name-Last: Schibler Author-Name: Heide Hüster Plogmann Author-X-Name-First: Heide Author-X-Name-Last: Hüster Plogmann Title: Inter- and intraspecies variability in stable isotope ratio values of archaeological freshwater fish remains from Switzerland (11th–19th centuries AD) Abstract: This paper presents carbon and nitrogen isotopic results from several Swiss freshwater fish (Esox lucius, Perca fluviatilis, Barbus barbus, Rutilus rutilus and other Cyprinidae) in order to provide information about their trophic level, feeding habits and provenance.Freshwater fish remains are regularly recovered from archaeological contexts in Switzerland, which attests to the importance of these aquatic food resources to past communities. However, it can be difficult to determine the effect of freshwater fish consumption in human bone isotope signatures by stable isotope ratio analysis. Therefore, an establishment of baseline isotope signatures of freshwater fish by region and time is necessary. Additionally, freshwater fish isotope analysis can serve as a backdrop for research on former aquatic isotopic ecology.We measured carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of 140 freshwater fish bone samples from sites dating between the 11th and 19th centuries AD. Suitable C:N ratios (2·9–3·6) were obtained from 56 of the samples, a rather low success rate that may be the result of diagenetic contamination and insufficient sample weight (<20 mg). A high inter- and intraspecies variability of freshwater fish isotope signature was observed. The δ15N results indicate a size and age-related trophic level effect. Heterogeneous carbon isotope signatures from samples from the same site could indicate spatial variation in isotope values within a single ecosystem or alternatively represent the use of different fishing grounds. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 119-132 Issue: 2 Volume: 21 Year: 2016 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000042 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000042 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:21:y:2016:i:2:p:119-132 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Omri Lernau Author-X-Name-First: Omri Author-X-Name-Last: Lernau Author-Name: Moshe Ben-Horin Author-X-Name-First: Moshe Author-X-Name-Last: Ben-Horin Title: Estimations of sizes of fish from subfossil bones with a logarithmic regression model Abstract: Measurements of bones of ancient fish from archaeological excavations allow estimates of the sizes of the original fish, which may add important aspects to the archaeological story. Currently, these estimates are calculated using regression models derived from data collected from samples of recent fish of different sizes. The linear and power regression models which are in common use have some drawbacks. In this preliminary report, we propose four criteria for selection of the most appropriate available regression analyses, and recommend the use of a logarithmic regression model. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 133-136 Issue: 2 Volume: 21 Year: 2016 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2016.1157676 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2016.1157676 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:21:y:2016:i:2:p:133-136 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elena A. Nikulina Author-X-Name-First: Elena A. Author-X-Name-Last: Nikulina Author-Name: Ulrich Schmölcke Author-X-Name-First: Ulrich Author-X-Name-Last: Schmölcke Title: Archaeogenetic evidence for medieval occurrence of Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus in the North Sea Abstract: The sturgeon was an important dietary resource for people living in the eastern North Sea coastal area, especially in the 19th century but also in previous millennia. However, since the discovery in 2002 that not only the European sturgeon (A. sturio) but also the Atlantic sturgeon (A. oxyrinchus) occurred in northern European waters, we still do not know which of these species was dominant in the North Sea and hence of primary economic importance. The 800-year-old, well-preserved sturgeon remains presented in this paper, from the ringfort Itzehoe by the Stör River (which is a tributary of the Elbe in northern Germany), provides an opportunity to answer the question for the first time. The aDNA amplified and sequenced from seven bones of at least five different individuals derives from A. oxyrinchus exclusively. Moreover, morphological analyses of the whole assemblage of 15 bones provided no evidence for the presence of A. sturio. Even though the dataset is still too small for general reconstructions, this study demonstrates the occurrence and possibly the dominance of the Atlantic sturgeon in at least parts of the North Sea region 800 years ago. However, further research is necessary to prove if A. oxyrinchus was the only sturgeon species in the North Sea then. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 137-143 Issue: 2 Volume: 21 Year: 2016 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631415Y.0000000022 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631415Y.0000000022 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:21:y:2016:i:2:p:137-143 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Inge Bødker Enghoff Author-X-Name-First: Inge Bødker Author-X-Name-Last: Enghoff Author-Name: Vedat Ediger Author-X-Name-First: Vedat Author-X-Name-Last: Ediger Title: Snapshots of past fish faunas: paleo-oceanographic perspectives from the Baltic and Black Seas Abstract: Analyses of fish remains from sediment cores make it possible to detect not only commonly caught fish from prehistoric times, but also species without any economic importance, though of significance value of palaeoecological reconstructions.In this study, fish bones from sediment cores reaching as far back as several thousand years ago and taken in the Baltic and Black Seas were analysed. All fish remains examined postdate the last glaciations and are from the last marine/brackish stages of both seas.In the Baltic cores, over 13 species were found, the most abundant ones being sand-eel and clupeids (herring and sprat). Flatfish (flounder) was mostly only present in the core taken near Bornholm. One layer in a core from Gotland Deep was especially rich in bones from juvenile sand-eel, with 1 g of material containing over 265 individuals.In the Black Sea cores, more than 5 different species were found: sprat, anchovy, whiting, Mediterranean sand-eel and several nearly complete pipefish which could be identified to the endemic Syngnathus schmidti.The cores from the two seas exhibit common features. All species found were euryhaline, and species that are commercially important today were documented back in time before industrial fishing for them began.The results of this study leads to methodological recommendations regarding dating of material from sediment cores and retrieval of fish remains. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 144-156 Issue: 2 Volume: 21 Year: 2016 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631415Y.0000000016 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631415Y.0000000016 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:21:y:2016:i:2:p:144-156 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Katariina Nurminen Author-X-Name-First: Katariina Author-X-Name-Last: Nurminen Title: Taphonomy of burned fish bones – burning experiments in the open fire Abstract: Burned fish bones are frequently discovered in excavations of Stone Age settlements in Finland. All the surviving fish bone finds from the Stone Age are burned and very fragmented. The aim of this experimental bone-burning study was to find out what burning actually does to the bones. How much of the original bones is destroyed in the fire before the remains are preserved in the ground and how does this affect the conclusions we can make about the fish bone finds? Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 157-160 Issue: 2 Volume: 21 Year: 2016 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2015.1106813 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2015.1106813 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:21:y:2016:i:2:p:157-160 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Arlene Fradkin Author-X-Name-First: Arlene Author-X-Name-Last: Fradkin Title: Pre-Columbian estuarine fishing along the lower St. Johns River, Florida, USA Abstract: The lower reaches of the St. Johns River, the longest river within the State of Florida, USA, form an extensive estuarine/tidal marsh system. Within this resource-rich region are numerous pre-Columbian sites. This paper presents a synthesis of zooarchaeological research conducted at eight of these sites. All sites considered here are shell middens that yielded large substantial faunal samples and that represent different periods of human occupation, ranging in time from ca. 5600 to 450 BP. In all faunal assemblages examined, estuarine fish is the predominant vertebrate resource represented. Fish constitute from 74 to 98% of the minimum number of individuals, or MNI, among the vertebrates in the various site samples. Dimensional measurements of a sample of skeletal elements show a range in fish sizes represented, indicating that mass capture techniques, such as nets, were probably used. Moreover, a number of these fish size estimates indicate that certain species were harvested in particular seasons. Similarities in the kinds and quantity of fish taxa represented in faunal assemblages from different time periods show that pre-Columbian peoples living in the lower St. Johns region continued to use the same local fish resources in the estuarine/tidal marsh ecosystem over several millennia. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 161-171 Issue: 2 Volume: 21 Year: 2016 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631415Y.0000000010 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631415Y.0000000010 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:21:y:2016:i:2:p:161-171 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nayeli G. Jiménez Cano Author-X-Name-First: Nayeli G. Author-X-Name-Last: Jiménez Cano Author-Name: Thelma Sierra Sosa Author-X-Name-First: Thelma Author-X-Name-Last: Sierra Sosa Title: Fishing in the northern Maya lowlands AD 250–750: preliminary analysis of fish remains from Xcambo, Yucatan, Mexico Abstract: The relationship between the sea and human populations in the Maya world during Prehispanic times is well supported through iconographic and ethnohistoric evidence. The nature and importance of fish resource exploitation, however, during the most important period of Maya history, the Classic Period (AD 250–900), remains largely unknown. Xcambó (AD 250–750) was an important commercial port located in the north coast of the Yucatán peninsula. According to ichthyoarchaeological results presented here, fishes such as requiem sharks (Carcharhinus sp.), Atlantic sharpnose sharks (Rhizopronodion terraenovae), snooks (Centropomus sp.) and hardhead catfish (Ariopsis felis) were an important part of the diet of the ancient Maya. Although it has been proposed that marine resources, including fishes, could have been traded and transported from coastal to inland localities, evidence from Xcambó regarding such practices remains indeterminate. Most likely, other species could have been salted and traded. Evidence for such activities has not been yet recovered at Xcambó. Results achieved so far indicate that there was a strong influence of fish fauna from nearby, suggesting that fishing in Xcambó was a local subsistence activity. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 172-181 Issue: 2 Volume: 21 Year: 2016 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2015.1118176 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2015.1118176 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:21:y:2016:i:2:p:172-181 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Atilio Francisco J. Zangrando Author-X-Name-First: Atilio Francisco J. Author-X-Name-Last: Zangrando Author-Name: Juan Federico Ponce Author-X-Name-First: Juan Federico Author-X-Name-Last: Ponce Author-Name: María Paz Martinoli Author-X-Name-First: María Paz Author-X-Name-Last: Martinoli Author-Name: Alejandro Montes Author-X-Name-First: Alejandro Author-X-Name-Last: Montes Author-Name: Ernesto Piana Author-X-Name-First: Ernesto Author-X-Name-Last: Piana Author-Name: Fabián Vanella Author-X-Name-First: Fabián Author-X-Name-Last: Vanella Title: Palaeogeographic changes drove prehistoric fishing practices in the Cambaceres Bay (Tierra del Fuego, Argentina) during the middle and late Holocene Abstract: Fishing intensification is evidenced in the archaeological record of the Beagle Channel region (Tierra del Fuego, Argentina) during the late Holocene by significant diachronic increases in both the representation of coastal taxa and the diversity of pelagic fish species taken. Faunal evidence from the Imiwaia I site, however, shows a different pattern in temporal variation in the exploitation of coastal fish in contrast to that of the regional trend. By comparing data from palaeogeography and archaeoichthyology, we have been able to evaluate how changes in Holocene coastal geomorphology near the Imiwaia I site influenced hunter–gatherer subsistence. The results show that the abundance and taxonomic diversity recorded in ichthyofaunal assemblages at the Imiwaia I site coincide with the environmental expectations arising from palaeogeographic reconstructions of the Cambaceres Bay during the middle and late Holocene. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 182-192 Issue: 2 Volume: 21 Year: 2016 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2015.1130888 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2015.1130888 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:21:y:2016:i:2:p:182-192 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Violeta Killian Galván Author-X-Name-First: Violeta Killian Author-X-Name-Last: Galván Author-Name: Jorge Martínez Author-X-Name-First: Jorge Author-X-Name-Last: Martínez Author-Name: Alexander Cherkinsky Author-X-Name-First: Alexander Author-X-Name-Last: Cherkinsky Author-Name: Mariana Mondini Author-X-Name-First: Mariana Author-X-Name-Last: Mondini Author-Name: Héctor Panarello Author-X-Name-First: Héctor Author-X-Name-Last: Panarello Title: Stable isotope analysis on human remains from the final Early Holocene in the southern Puna of Argentina: The case of Peñas de las Trampas 1.1 Abstract: In this work are presented the results of isotopic analyses made on bone remains of human individuals (n = 6) from the southern Puna of Argentina dated to the final Early Holocene (ca. 8230–8000 BP). They were found in structures located in Peñas de las Trampas 1.1, a rockshelter at 3582 m.a.s.l. in Antofagasta de la Sierra, in the southern Argentinian Puna. They contain multiple secondary burials. Bone fragments were recovered from at least six individuals, three in each structure. Stable isotopes of Carbon (δ13C) and Nitrogen (δ15N) analysis were aimed at defining aspects related to the palaeodiet of the six individuals within the palaeo-economic subsistence spectrum typical of hunter–gatherers. It is worth noting that these human remains are among the earliest from North-Western Argentina, where funeral practices are related with the transportation of certain anatomical parts. The palaeodietary inference considers, on the one hand, the extreme aridity of this geographical area and its impact on the isotopic ecology. And, on the other, it takes into account the fact that four of the six individuals under study were breastfed infants. The results are in agreement with the expected values of the period, which has been characterized as the beginning of the arid Altithermal. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 1-10 Issue: 1 Volume: 21 Year: 2016 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631415Y.0000000019 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631415Y.0000000019 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:21:y:2016:i:1:p:1-10 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eli-Christine Soltvedt Author-X-Name-First: Eli-Christine Author-X-Name-Last: Soltvedt Author-Name: Kari E. Henningsmoen Author-X-Name-First: Kari E. Author-X-Name-Last: Henningsmoen Title: Agricultural and household activities in Vestfold, Southeast Norway, as illustrated by pollen data and the charred remains of crops and wild plants Abstract: This paper presents and interprets two data sets from Vestfold, Southeast Norway: the pollen record is from a small lake basin, isolated from the sea in Mid Mesolithic (8100–6400 cal BC), and with a record of sediment deposition up to recent time. Charred plant remains from six settlement sites ranging in date from the Late Neolithic (2400–1800 cal BC) to the Merovingian Period (cal AD 570–800). Soil from archaeological contexts that was recovered from several prehistoric settlement features (two- and three-aisled houses, a rock shelter and a pit) has also been investigated. The number and concentrations of identifiable charred macro remains are low from all features except one, but the records contribute to the interpretation of agriculture and wild plant use. Carbonised cereals dated to the Late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age are reported from a two-aisled house. Naked barley was the main cereal identified and a few weed seeds were found with the cereal grains. In a rock shelter nearby, cereals and seeds of flax were found, demonstrating cultivation in the Late Bronze Age. Pollen of ribwort plantain recorded in lake deposits in Nordbytjern, 0·5 km to the southwest, also indicates agricultural activity in the southern part of Vestfold during the Late Bronze Age. Archaeobotanical samples from Early Iron Age houses contained low concentrations of carbonised cereal remains, mainly hulled barley, but also wheat and oat. Seeds/fruits of weeds, plants of moist/wet habitats and grasses increase in abundance from the end of Roman Period. The high concentration of hulled barley found in a pit at the site of Ringdal 13 confirms that hulled barley was a cereal used in the Iron Age. Throughout the Iron Age, cereal pollen has a continuous curve in the Nordbytjern pollen diagram, demonstrating the significance of cereal cultivation in Vestfold. Flax was also cultivated in the vicinity of and probably processed in Nordbytjern. Large numbers of rush seeds and sedge nutlets indicate a possible involvement in basketry and cordage making and/or as animal fodder. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 11-30 Issue: 1 Volume: 21 Year: 2016 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000052 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000052 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:21:y:2016:i:1:p:11-30 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chiara Molinari Author-X-Name-First: Chiara Author-X-Name-Last: Molinari Author-Name: Carlo Montanari Author-X-Name-First: Carlo Author-X-Name-Last: Montanari Title: Interdisciplinary approach for reconstructing an alder-based historical agricultural practice of the Eastern Ligurian Apennines (NW Italy) Abstract: Data from four soil profiles studied through pollen and macroscopic charcoal analyses were used to identify specific palynological assemblages associated with a traditional land-use system documented in the Eastern Ligurian Apennines (NW Italy) between the 18th and early 20th century, concerning a cyclical use of grey alder plots for temporary cultivations involving to the use of controlled fire. This is the first attempt to verify on palynological evidence some hypotheses raised by previous historical ecology studies about the consequences of this agricultural practice (recently named alnocoltura) on past and present vegetation. Our investigations underline (1) high percentages of anthropogenic pollen indicators, (2) increase of Ericaceae percentages, (3) low pollen percentages of Alnus, (4) high macrocharcoal concentrations and (5) high values of palynological richness during periods affected by the alnocoltura cycle according to the historical sources. Similar patterns are also detectable in pollen diagrams from two adjacent peat bogs. The paper shows the strength of an interdisciplinary methodology (field observations, cartographical and archival historical data, palynological and archaeological investigations) for studies of past land-use systems. By demonstrating the necessity of a long-term prospective in environmental reconstructions for the preservation of the cultural landscape, one of the important elements of this research is its potential contribution to issues of habitat management and nature-conservation policy. Further analyses are needed to test the replicability and reliability of the hypotheses derived from this study. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 31-44 Issue: 1 Volume: 21 Year: 2016 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000056 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000056 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:21:y:2016:i:1:p:31-44 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joyce van Dijk Author-X-Name-First: Joyce Author-X-Name-Last: van Dijk Title: Iron Age animal husbandry in the wetlands of the western Netherlands Abstract: During the Iron Age a subsistence economy based on mixed farming existed in the Dutch wetlands. A model based on subsistence is put forward and tested against the archaeozoological data of 27 sites in order to gain insight into the role of animal husbandry. The model confirms that cattle husbandry was the dominant form of animal husbandry but pigs and sheep were also important at some sites. Although a high number of pig bones were expected, their role is mostly insignificant. An explanation is sought in their lack of secondary products and their competition with humans for the scarce cereals in the wetlands. The mortality profiles for cattle are largely in accordance with the subsistence model. Older cattle are used for traction, milk and herd security and sheep were mainly kept for their meat but also for their milk and wool. Differences in animal husbandry between sites also exist. At two sites more cattle were killed for their meat and at three sites the proportion of older cattle was larger than expected. Although this first test renders the subsistence model viable, it needs to be tested against more sites with larger bone samples. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 45-58 Issue: 1 Volume: 21 Year: 2016 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000060 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000060 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:21:y:2016:i:1:p:45-58 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Matilda Holmes Author-X-Name-First: Matilda Author-X-Name-Last: Holmes Title: ‘We'll have what they're having’, cultural identity through diet in the English Saxon Period Abstract: The roots of the English population lie in diverse cultural origins. Within the second half of the first millennium AD, there were two major migrations, firstly the Saxons in the immediate post-Roman period, and later following the ‘Viking’ incursions of the mid-9th century. This paper considers the visibility of these migrations in the animal economy. Zooarchaeological data from 141 Saxon sites within England were analysed for evidence of diet and animal husbandry. Results indicate that there were signatures specific to native British rural populations in the early Saxon phase, relying largely on a self-sufficient economy, consuming very few wild species or domestic birds. Saxon cultural differences were implied from a number of sites, dependant on the increased importance of cattle in the diet and as culturally symbolic animals signifying status and utilised for trade. There was also evidence for the earliest settlers to have used pigs as a ‘mobile larder’, to provide meat while they established herds and flocks of cattle and sheep. Regional differences were visible in the late Saxon phase, within Wessex and the Danelaw, related to agricultural changes in the midlands and central southern region, and cultural identity, particularly within the heartlands of the northern Danelaw, towards an increase in cattle production. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 59-78 Issue: 1 Volume: 21 Year: 2016 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631415Y.0000000001 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631415Y.0000000001 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:21:y:2016:i:1:p:59-78 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: William G. Ambrose Author-X-Name-First: William G. Author-X-Name-Last: Ambrose Author-Name: William L. Locke V Author-X-Name-First: William L. Author-X-Name-Last: Locke V Author-Name: Gerald F. Bigelow Author-X-Name-First: Gerald F. Author-X-Name-Last: Bigelow Author-Name: Paul E. Renaud Author-X-Name-First: Paul E. Author-X-Name-Last: Renaud Title: Deposition of annual growth lines in the apex of the common limpet (Patella vulgata) from Shetland Islands, UK and Norway: Evidence from field marking and shell mineral content of annual line deposition Abstract: The abundance, accessibility and value of limpets as a source of food and bait for coastal peoples have resulted in their high frequency in shell middens worldwide. The limpet Patella vulgata is found in middens from the Mediterranean to Norway, and morphometric and sclerochronological analyses of its shell can provide insight into harvesting patterns and paleoenvironmental variables valuable in reconstructing climate. Previous work with P. vulgata has relied on lines on the exterior of the shell, or on lines exiting on the shell surface in shell cross-section, as annual or sub-annual markers. Shell damage may compromise these lines and limit the use of some shells, but growth lines are also found in the better-preserved shell apex. We investigated whether the growth lines in the apex of P. vulgata from two locations in Northern Europe are annual using calcein-marking and recapture. Investigations were performed at one site in the Shetland Islands (UK) and at one site at the northern limit of P. vulgata's range in Northern Norway. We also used laser ablation to measure the concentration of minerals in the shells of two individuals from Shetland to determine if patterns of minerals suggested as bioproxies for temperature and productivity varied annually. All individuals deposited one growth line in the apex during their year in the field, and the lowest ratios of Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca and to a lesser extent Mg/Ca were coincident with annual lines on the shells from Shetland. Growth at both sites was modelled using the von Bertalanffy growth function, and apex growth was nearly five times faster in Shetland than in Norway, probably a result of differences in temperature between the two locations. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 79-87 Issue: 1 Volume: 21 Year: 2016 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000058 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000058 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:21:y:2016:i:1:p:79-87 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mark McKerracher Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: McKerracher Title: Bread and surpluses: the Anglo-Saxon ‘bread wheat thesis’ reconsidered Abstract: This paper presents a fundamental new assessment of crop husbandry in the Mid Saxon period in England (c. AD 650–850), using data from charred plant remains. While recent archaeological studies have begun to emphasise the importance of agricultural development in this period – focusing especially upon field systems and livestock – crops have received comparatively little attention. This study challenges one popular model of Anglo-Saxon arable farming, here dubbed the ‘bread wheat thesis’, which posits a Mid Saxon shift whereby bread wheat supplanted hulled barley as the most important cereal crop in this period. The empirical basis for this model is here re-examined in the light of an updated archaeobotanical dataset from selected regions in southern Britain. No evidence for bread wheat supplanting hulled barley is discovered. It is argued instead that rye and oats became substantially more important in the 7th–9th centuries, regional patterns in cereal cultivation in this period correlate with differences in the natural environment and Anglo-Saxon farmers were able to produce greater arable surpluses from the 7th century onwards. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 88-102 Issue: 1 Volume: 21 Year: 2016 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000054 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000054 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:21:y:2016:i:1:p:88-102 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michelle J. LeFebvre Author-X-Name-First: Michelle J. Author-X-Name-Last: LeFebvre Author-Name: Christina M. Giovas Author-X-Name-First: Christina M. Author-X-Name-Last: Giovas Author-Name: Jason E. Laffoon Author-X-Name-First: Jason E. Author-X-Name-Last: Laffoon Title: Advancing the Study of Amerindian Ecodynamics in the Caribbean: Current Perspectives Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 107-114 Issue: 2 Volume: 24 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1505224 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1505224 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:24:y:2019:i:2:p:107-114 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michelle J. LeFebvre Author-X-Name-First: Michelle J. Author-X-Name-Last: LeFebvre Author-Name: Geoffrey DuChemin Author-X-Name-First: Geoffrey Author-X-Name-Last: DuChemin Author-Name: Susan D. deFrance Author-X-Name-First: Susan D. Author-X-Name-Last: deFrance Author-Name: William F. Keegan Author-X-Name-First: William F. Author-X-Name-Last: Keegan Author-Name: Kristen Walczesky Author-X-Name-First: Kristen Author-X-Name-Last: Walczesky Title: Bahamian hutia (Geocapromys ingrahami) in the Lucayan Realm: Pre-Columbian Exploitation and Translocation Abstract: Bahamian hutia (Geocapromys ingrahami) are endemic to The Bahamas. The skeletal remains of this species have been recovered from multiple Lucayan-associated archaeological sites in the region, suggesting that it was an important source of human food. This study explores the role of pre-Columbian indigenous peoples in the geographic distribution of Bahamian hutias, and the possibility of intentional management of the animal. We provide an overview of archaeological occurrences of Bahamian hutia and present new skeletal morphometric data comparing modern museum-curated Bahamian hutia specimens with archaeological specimens from the Palmetto Junction site on Providenciales located in the Turks and Caicos Islands. Bahamian hutia do not exist in the fossil record in the Turks and Caicos, indicating their translocation to the islands by humans. Our data show that individual hutia at Palmetto Junction were larger than modern specimens. This size variation may be due to anthropogenic influence; however, there is limited information regarding either natural size variation within the species or environmental factors possibly influencing size. Continued research on anthropogenic influences related to Bahamian hutia populations, coupled with isotopic studies of the Bahamian hutia diet, may further elucidate the practice of pre-Columbian management of the species. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 115-131 Issue: 2 Volume: 24 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1503809 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1503809 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:24:y:2019:i:2:p:115-131 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jason E. Laffoon Author-X-Name-First: Jason E. Author-X-Name-Last: Laffoon Author-Name: Menno L. P. Hoogland Author-X-Name-First: Menno L. P. Author-X-Name-Last: Hoogland Author-Name: Gareth R. Davies Author-X-Name-First: Gareth R. Author-X-Name-Last: Davies Author-Name: Corinne L. Hofman Author-X-Name-First: Corinne L. Author-X-Name-Last: Hofman Title: A Multi-Isotope Investigation of Human and Dog Mobility and Diet in the Pre-Colonial Antilles Abstract: The complex relationships between humans and dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) have a very deep and unique history. Dogs have accompanied humans as they colonised much of the world, and were introduced via human agency into the insular Caribbean where they became widespread throughout the Ceramic Age. It is likely that the dynamic interactions between humans, dogs, and their environments in the Caribbean were spatially, chronologically, and socially variable. However, almost no research has specifically addressed the nature, or potential variability, of human/dog interactions in this region. This study presents isotopic (strontium and carbon) evidence bearing on human and dog paleomobility and paleodietary patterns in the pre-colonial Caribbean. The isotope results illustrate a generally high degree of correspondence between human and dog dietary practices at all analysed sites but also slight differences in the relative importance of different dietary inputs. Striking parallels are also observed between the human and dog mobility patterns and shed light on broader networks of social interaction and exchange. Lastly, the paper addresses the possible utility and relevance of canine isotope data as proxies for inferring past human behaviours. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 132-148 Issue: 2 Volume: 24 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1322831 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1322831 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:24:y:2019:i:2:p:132-148 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joost Morsink Author-X-Name-First: Joost Author-X-Name-Last: Morsink Title: Catalytic Environments Abstract: The metaphor of catalytic environments adequately accentuates the key role of natural factors in social change without superseding the significance of human agency. In this approach, natural resources are integrated into social practices and strategies while avoiding an environmentally deterministic perspective. The case study of MC-6, Middle Caicos, Turks & Caicos Islands, demonstrates how the natural availability of salt, fish, and cotton affected processes of social change, including settlement practices, food procurement strategies, and long-distance exchange. The inhabitants of MC-6 chose these resources within a social framework of historic practices and regional interaction, while simultaneously depending on local natural conditions and environmental factors. Although environmental diversity in the Caribbean highlights the relevance of catalytic environments, this approach is a tool to examine the dialectic interaction between humans and environments at a global scale. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 149-160 Issue: 2 Volume: 24 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1440690 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1440690 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:24:y:2019:i:2:p:149-160 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ma. Magdalena Antczak Author-X-Name-First: Ma. Magdalena Author-X-Name-Last: Antczak Author-Name: Andrzej T. Antczak Author-X-Name-First: Andrzej T. Author-X-Name-Last: Antczak Author-Name: Miguel Lentino Author-X-Name-First: Miguel Author-X-Name-Last: Lentino Title: Avian Remains from Late Pre-colonial Amerindian sites on Islands of the Venezuelan Caribbean Abstract: This paper presents the results of the analyses of 3793 bird remains archaeologically recovered from seven late pre-Hispanic sites (∼AD 1000–1500) on islands of the Venezuelan Caribbean. In order to address subsistence and manufacturing uses of bird bones, we first discuss the recovery process of this unique sample. We proceed to investigate the bones' archaeological contexts as well as the taphonomy in play and analyze diverse bone categories. We found that indigenous peoples consistently targeted several families of birds for food or feathers or both, and that avian bones were used for fashioning tools and adornments. We also discuss possible signatures of island campsite seasonal occupancy as inferred from the bio-ecology of the identified bird taxa. The data suggest that the differentiation of nesting grounds between the Red-footed and Brown Booby in the Southeastern Caribbean may be a result of anthropogenically-induced adaptation. The findings discussed in this paper open challenging avenues for assessing long-term changes in bird communities including the dynamics of resident and wintering bird populations. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 161-181 Issue: 2 Volume: 24 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1402980 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1402980 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:24:y:2019:i:2:p:161-181 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christina M. Giovas Author-X-Name-First: Christina M. Author-X-Name-Last: Giovas Title: The Beasts at Large – Perennial Questions and New Paradigms for Caribbean Translocation Research. Part I: Ethnozoogeography of Mammals Abstract: While researchers have long appreciated that mammal introductions were an important aspect of Amerindian-environment interaction in the prehistoric Caribbean, persistent questions about dispersal routes, animal management practices, possible domestication, and ritual use remain unresolved. In this three-article series, offered as a model approach for prehistoric translocation studies, I review the present state of knowledge on pre-Columbian Caribbean mammal translocations, focusing on three fundamental areas: (1) ethnozoogeographic distributions; (2) the sociocultural significance of translocated fauna; and (3) the ecological impact of introduced species. Here, in Part I, I consider species introduction patterns in relation to dispersal modes, the need to distinguish live introductions from the import of animal products, and the importance of direct-dating specimens to establish translocation chronology. In subsequent papers I explore topics II and III, advocating for a holistic approach to translocation research that integrates all three investigative areas to address larger questions about the role of introduced mammals in island society and ecology and their impact on human adaptation to the landscape. This first paper provides foundations for an ensuing final discussion in which I argue that intentional faunal translocation is sufficiently robust as a behavioural phenomenon across time and space to warrant theoretical treatment from an evolutionary perspective. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 182-198 Issue: 2 Volume: 24 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1315208 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1315208 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:24:y:2019:i:2:p:182-198 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John G. Crock Author-X-Name-First: John G. Author-X-Name-Last: Crock Author-Name: Nanny Carder Author-X-Name-First: Nanny Author-X-Name-Last: Carder Author-Name: Wetherbee Dorshow Author-X-Name-First: Wetherbee Author-X-Name-Last: Dorshow Title: ‘Marineness’, the Underwater Seascape and Variability in Maritime Adaptations in the Late Ceramic Age Northern Lesser Antilles Abstract: To investigate potential variation between the fishing practices of contemporaneous Late Ceramic Age villages in the northern Lesser Antilles, we model expectations for each site based on local marine habitat and bathymetry and compare them to observed differences in zooarchaeological assemblages. The predictive model approximates which taxa were the most likely to have been targeted by fishers from each site, assuming that the majority of fishing likely occurred within short distances from each settlement. A comparison of expectations and archaeological observations is used to expose potential differences between sites in preferred fishing areas and techniques, preferred foods, or social distinctions. This variability is argued to reflect a fishing community’s ‘marineness’, or the interrelationship members have with the unique composition of marine resources and underwater seascape adjacent to their villages. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 199-210 Issue: 2 Volume: 24 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1345468 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1345468 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:24:y:2019:i:2:p:199-210 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roger H. Colten Author-X-Name-First: Roger H. Author-X-Name-Last: Colten Author-Name: Brian Worthington Author-X-Name-First: Brian Author-X-Name-Last: Worthington Title: Museum Collections and Archaic Era Vertebrate Faunal Remains from Cuba Abstract: Museum collections are an underutilised source of environmental archaeological data. Curated collections often contain faunal and floral remains that can be analysed using new methods and to address various research questions. For example, the broad patterns of Archaic or preceramic subsistence adaptations are not well known for the Caribbean region, and for Cuba in particular, due to the ecological variability among the islands and limited, quantified faunal data from radiocarbon-dated sites. To address these issues, we present quantified vertebrate faunal data and new radiocarbon dates from museum-curated collections from three Cuban sites. Las Obas, La Vega del Palmar, and Los Caracoles are Archaic, dating between roughly 350 BC to AD 630, although Vega del Palmar contains Pre-Arawak Pottery Horizon ceramics. The three assemblages include a diversity of taxa from several habitats, including various species of hutia (Capromyidae). The taxonomy of these rodents varies among the sites as do the proportions of other taxa. In addition to abundant hutia, the sites' occupants exploited an array of fish, birds, reptiles and other mammals, including manatee. We compare the sites faunal assemblages and discuss their ecological significance as well as their place in Cuban prehistory. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 211-227 Issue: 2 Volume: 24 Year: 2019 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1500157 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1500157 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:24:y:2019:i:2:p:211-227 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Matthieu Ghilardi Author-X-Name-First: Matthieu Author-X-Name-Last: Ghilardi Author-Name: Stéphane Cordier Author-X-Name-First: Stéphane Author-X-Name-Last: Cordier Author-Name: Jean-Michel Carozza Author-X-Name-First: Jean-Michel Author-X-Name-Last: Carozza Author-Name: David Psomiadis Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Psomiadis Author-Name: Jean Guilaine Author-X-Name-First: Jean Author-X-Name-Last: Guilaine Author-Name: Zomenia Zomeni Author-X-Name-First: Zomenia Author-X-Name-Last: Zomeni Author-Name: François Demory Author-X-Name-First: François Author-X-Name-Last: Demory Author-Name: Doriane Delanghe-Sabatier Author-X-Name-First: Doriane Author-X-Name-Last: Delanghe-Sabatier Author-Name: Marc-Antoine Vella Author-X-Name-First: Marc-Antoine Author-X-Name-Last: Vella Author-Name: Guenaëlle Bony Author-X-Name-First: Guenaëlle Author-X-Name-Last: Bony Author-Name: Christophe Morhange Author-X-Name-First: Christophe Author-X-Name-Last: Morhange Title: The Holocene fluvial history of the Tremithos river (south central Cyprus) and its linkage to archaeological records Abstract: This study aims to reconstruct the Holocene fluvial history of the Tremithos river, south central Cyprus and examine linkages to regional and local archaeological records. Three stratigraphic profiles (Sp1, Sp2 and Sp3) located in the lower valley have been investigated using sedimentology and magnetic parameters. The 14C dating of 10 samples reveals mid-Holocene ages for Sp1 and Sp2, while the upper most part of Sp3 can be attributed to the early to mid-Holocene. Two main phases of vertical accretion have been recognised: the first, recorded in the lower most part of Sp3, could not be dated but might relate to the late Glacial period. It is not associated with any archaeological artefacts. The second, recorded in all profiles, dating from ca. 5000 to ca. cal 2800 BC, spans the Late Neolithic Sotira (cal 4800/4000 BC) and Late Chalcolithic (cal 2900–2500 BC) cultures. The sediments of Sp1 and Sp2 are up to 8–10 m thick and mainly composed of fine material. However, an intercalated phase of coarse sediment has been identified at the beginning of the third millennium BC, indicating a sudden change in river dynamics, potentially associated with the 5.2 ka rapid climate change regional event. Typical mid-Chalcolithic (ca. cal 3300–3050 BC) ceramics found in a palaeosol in Sp2 indicate for the first time human occupation of the Tremithos river terraces. Two other palaeosols have also been recognised in Sp3 and radiocarbon dated to ca. cal 5600–4100 BC and ca. cal 2900–2600 BC, respectively. These results make it possible to propose a palaeogeographic reconstruction of the Holocene evolution in the Tremithos valley and to make a preliminary assessment of the relative roles of tectonics, climate and anthropogenic forcing. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 184-201 Issue: 2 Volume: 20 Year: 2015 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000057 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000057 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:20:y:2015:i:2:p:184-201 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Véronique Forbes Author-X-Name-First: Véronique Author-X-Name-Last: Forbes Author-Name: Kate Britton Author-X-Name-First: Kate Author-X-Name-Last: Britton Author-Name: Rick Knecht Author-X-Name-First: Rick Author-X-Name-Last: Knecht Title: Preliminary archaeoentomological analyses of permafrost-preserved cultural layers from the pre-contact Yup'ik Eskimo site of Nunalleq, Alaska: Implications, potential and methodological considerations Abstract: At Nunalleq, a pre-contact Yup'ik Eskimo village site in Alaska (14th–17th century AD), abundant insect remains from highly organic substrates preserved within permafrost offer a unique opportunity to investigate past ecological and living conditions. This paper presents the preliminary results obtained from the analysis of two samples collected from floor layers in sod houses. The numerous and diverse insect remains highlight the exciting potential of archaeoentomology for reconstructing past ecological conditions, resource exploitation and the use of space at northern hunter–gatherer sites and have permitted the development of a strategy for the future collection of archaeoentomological data at permafrost-preserved sites in Alaska and elsewhere. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 158-167 Issue: 2 Volume: 20 Year: 2015 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000037 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000037 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:20:y:2015:i:2:p:158-167 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sandrine Paradis-Grenouillet Author-X-Name-First: Sandrine Author-X-Name-Last: Paradis-Grenouillet Author-Name: Philippe Allée Author-X-Name-First: Philippe Author-X-Name-Last: Allée Author-Name: Gabriel Servera Vives Author-X-Name-First: Gabriel Servera Author-X-Name-Last: Vives Author-Name: Alain Ploquin Author-X-Name-First: Alain Author-X-Name-Last: Ploquin Title: Sustainable management of metallurgical forest on Mont Lozère (France) during the Early Middle Ages Abstract: Mont Lozère, located in the French Massif Central region, provides an exceptional context in which to research the impact that charcoal production and metallurgy had on woodlands, along with the role that these activities played in changing the mountain landscape. This study provides an insight into the land use, forest management methods and metallurgical practices in the area during the Middle Ages (11th to 15th centuries). Medieval charcoal burning platforms, archaeological remains that have often been neglected in the past as a source of historical information, along with nearby smelting sites, were identified, sampled and analysed. In this paper, spatial analyses, radiocarbon dating and anthracological and dendro-anthracological studies have been combined in a unique manner. The results reveal that charcoal burners practiced beech coppicing, where the species and diameter of wood used remained the same over a period of four centuries. It is proposed that this form of metallurgical forest management be considered an early example of a sustainable utilisation of natural resources. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 168-183 Issue: 2 Volume: 20 Year: 2015 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000050 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000050 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:20:y:2015:i:2:p:168-183 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vladimir V. Pitulko Author-X-Name-First: Vladimir V. Author-X-Name-Last: Pitulko Author-Name: Varvara V. Ivanova Author-X-Name-First: Varvara V. Author-X-Name-Last: Ivanova Author-Name: Aleksei K. Kasparov Author-X-Name-First: Aleksei K. Author-X-Name-Last: Kasparov Author-Name: Elena Y. Pavlova Author-X-Name-First: Elena Y. Author-X-Name-Last: Pavlova Title: Reconstructing prey selection, hunting strategy and seasonality of the early Holocene frozen site in the Siberian High Arctic: A case study on the Zhokhov site faunal remains, De Long Islands Abstract: The Zhokhov site is one of the northern most archaeological sites in the world and a very ancient vestige of occupation of high latitudes by people, indicating that this territory was settled as early as about 8000 years ago. Investigation of the site began in 1989–1990 and then continued in 2000–2005. Here we consider the taphonomy, spatial distribution, species and age- and sex-related composition of the faunal remains from the Zhokhov site. These data allow conclusions regarding the subsistence strategy practiced by Zhokhov inhabitants, including the hunting tactics. This was a peculiar adaptation model based on reindeer and polar bear hunting in a 2:1 ratio. Reindeer hunting was all-seasonal, whereas polar bears were hunted mostly in winters at their dens. Mortality data for reindeer and polar bears depict the yearly subsistence cycle. The Zhokhov site is found to be a base camp occupied year-round with modest summer activities, while wintertime is characterised by intense polar bear hunting. Most reindeer were hunted in the fall. Subsistence strategy of the Zhokhov hunters was largely facilitated by the fact that at the time of occupation Zhokhov Island was still part of the coastal Siberian plain margin. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 120-157 Issue: 2 Volume: 20 Year: 2015 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000040 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000040 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:20:y:2015:i:2:p:120-157 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mikael Larsson Author-X-Name-First: Mikael Author-X-Name-Last: Larsson Author-Name: Per Lagerås Author-X-Name-First: Per Author-X-Name-Last: Lagerås Title: New evidence on the introduction, cultivation and processing of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) in southern Sweden Abstract: Subfossil remains of Cannabis sativa L. (hemp) have been found at Lindängelund in the region of Malmö, southern Sweden. These represent the earliest robust evidence so far for hemp retting in Scandinavia. Finds of seeds, stems and pollen of C. sativa from a waterlogged context on a settlement dating to the Roman Iron Age demonstrate that the plant was locally cultivated and processed during the 1st–2nd centuries AD. An introductory phase in Scandinavia is proposed (c. AD 1–400) during which the cultivation of hemp was apparently small scale and processing was probably carried out within settlements. In the succeeding centuries, c. AD 400–550 (the Migration Period), remains of hemp are mostly found in pollen records from lake sediments, and less frequently in the archaeological record. This could indicate that the process of hemp retting relocated from settlements to lakes shores where activity became larger in scale and more integrated with the prevailing agricultural system. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 111-119 Issue: 2 Volume: 20 Year: 2015 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000029 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000029 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:20:y:2015:i:2:p:111-119 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. P. Maslin Author-X-Name-First: S. P. Author-X-Name-Last: Maslin Title: The taphonomy and micromorphology of sunken-featured buildings from Lyminge, Kent: A comparative mixed-method analysis Abstract: Sunken-featured buildings (SFBs) are the most ubiquitous structure in Anglo-Saxon settlements sites of the 5th and 7th century. This research applies micromorphological and quantitative geochemical analysis using portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility and organic content measurement to two SFB fills from the Anglo-Saxon royal and monastic site of Lyminge, Kent. This is done with the aim of interpreting depositional and post-depositional processes to help understand human activities contributing to the fill of these features. Such a mixed-method approach, while not unprecedented, has been rarely applied to early mediaeval deposits and has yet to be fully exploited in interpreting SFBs. The analysis reveals that each fill comprises backfilled spoil and dumped midden material from domestic activities, most likely deposited in a single process after each building fell out of use. The intentional incorporation of material from a diversity of sources supports the view that the closure represents a distinct event in the life cycle of these buildings. Geochemical profiling of the fill composition further demonstrates differentials in activity levels potentially associated with more intense periods of site replanning at the time of closure of one of these buildings. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 202-220 Issue: 2 Volume: 20 Year: 2015 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000059 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000059 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:20:y:2015:i:2:p:202-220 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wenmin Qin Author-X-Name-First: Wenmin Author-X-Name-Last: Qin Author-Name: Lunche Wang Author-X-Name-First: Lunche Author-X-Name-Last: Wang Author-Name: Aiwen Lin Author-X-Name-First: Aiwen Author-X-Name-Last: Lin Author-Name: Chao Yang Author-X-Name-First: Chao Author-X-Name-Last: Yang Author-Name: Hongji Zhu Author-X-Name-First: Hongji Author-X-Name-Last: Zhu Title: Spatial-Temporal Evolution of the Distribution Pattern of Neolithic Sites in Han River Basin, China Abstract: This study analyzed the spatial and temporal distributions of 644 Neolithic sites in the Han River basin, China. The results showed that 31.06% of the Neolithic sites were distributed on low-altitude plains with an average altitude of 144.78 m; 22.98% were located on low platforms with an average altitude of 137.92 m, and 12.73% were distributed on low-altitude hills with an average altitude of 240.77 m. The aggregation fractal dimension (A), the proportion of pottery with carbon (PPMC) and the proportion of polished stone (PPST) were introduced to reveal the social development level. Meanwhile, the temperature anomalies (AT), total organic carbon content (TOC), total nitrogen content (TN), and carbon isotopic ratios (δ13C) were used to reveal the environmental context. Then, the correlation coefficients (hereafter, R) between different indicators were calculated. The result showed that a stable and suitable natural environment was a prerequisite for social development in the Neolithic Age. The persistent improvement in the ability of human beings to identify, manipulate and utilise nature was observed in the Neolithic Age in Han River basin, which marked the transformation of human society from hunting to farming and the start of human interactions with the natural world over time. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 1-13 Issue: 1 Volume: 25 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1551505 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1551505 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:25:y:2020:i:1:p:1-13 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wesley Parker Author-X-Name-First: Wesley Author-X-Name-Last: Parker Author-Name: Yurena Yanes Author-X-Name-First: Yurena Author-X-Name-Last: Yanes Author-Name: Eduardo Mesa Hernández Author-X-Name-First: Eduardo Author-X-Name-Last: Mesa Hernández Author-Name: Juan Carlos Hernández Marrero Author-X-Name-First: Juan Carlos Author-X-Name-Last: Hernández Marrero Author-Name: Jorge Pais Author-X-Name-First: Jorge Author-X-Name-Last: Pais Author-Name: Nora Soto Contreras Author-X-Name-First: Nora Author-X-Name-Last: Soto Contreras Author-Name: Donna Surge Author-X-Name-First: Donna Author-X-Name-Last: Surge Title: Shellfish Exploitation in the Western Canary Islands Over the Last Two Millennia Abstract: The residents of the Canary Archipelago consumed limpets since the arrival of humans ∼2500 yrs. ago, and these harvested gastropods were deposited in large coastal shell middens. This work preliminarily explores shell margin oxygen isotope composition (δ18O) and body size of the black limpet (Patella candei d’Orbigny, 1840) from archaeological sites in the Canary Islands to assess possible seasonal variability and intensity of shellfish collection throughout the late Holocene. The shell margin δ18O values of 100 shells (radiocarbon dated between ∼500 and ∼1800 cal. yr BP) were analysed to estimate sea surface temperature (SST) at time of death. Paleotemperature estimates suggest shellfish harvesting was not year-round, and was avoided in the cooler months (when SST < 20°C). This pattern differs from most higher latitude Mesolithic and Neolithic human groups, which gathered shellfish year-round, targeting winter more heavily. Preliminary body-size measurements suggest shell sizes have experienced a decline from aboriginal times to the present, which possibly resulted from increasing anthropogenic pressures. During aboriginal inhabitation, maximum adult shell size remained stable, suggesting that present-day harvesting practices are more intense than harvesting from aboriginal human groups. This intensive collection has likely diminished the average adult size of limpet populations in the islands by ∼27%. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 14-36 Issue: 1 Volume: 25 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1497821 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1497821 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:25:y:2020:i:1:p:14-36 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mia Lempiäinen-Avci Author-X-Name-First: Mia Author-X-Name-Last: Lempiäinen-Avci Author-Name: Maria Lundström Author-X-Name-First: Maria Author-X-Name-Last: Lundström Author-Name: Sanna Huttunen Author-X-Name-First: Sanna Author-X-Name-Last: Huttunen Author-Name: Matti W. Leino Author-X-Name-First: Matti W. Author-X-Name-Last: Leino Author-Name: Jenny Hagenblad Author-X-Name-First: Jenny Author-X-Name-Last: Hagenblad Title: Archaeological and Historical Materials as a Means to Explore Finnish Crop History Abstract: In Northern Europe, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) has been cultivated for almost 6000 years. Thus far, 150-year-old grains from historical collections have been used to investigate the distribution of barley diversity and how the species has spread across the region. Genetic studies of archaeobotanical material from agrarian sites could potentially clarify earlier migration patterns and cast further light on the origin of barley landraces. In this study, we aimed to evaluate different archaeological and historical materials with respect to DNA content, and to explore connections between Late Iron Age and medieval barley populations and historical samples of barley landraces in north-west Europe. The material analysed consisted of archaeological samples of charred barley grains from four sites in southern Finland, and historical material, with 33 samples obtained from two herbaria and the seed collections of the Swedish museum of cultural history.The DNA concentrations obtained from charred archaeological barley remains were too low for successful KASP genotyping confirming previously reported difficulties in obtaining aDNA from charred remains. Historical samples from herbaria and seed collection confirmed previously shown strong genetic differentiation between two-row and six-row barley. Six-row barley accessions from northern and southern Finland tended to cluster apart, while no geographical structuring was observed among two-row barley. Genotyping of functional markers revealed that the majority of barley cultivated in Finland in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century was late-flowering under increasing day-length, supporting previous findings from northern European barley. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 37-52 Issue: 1 Volume: 25 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1482598 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1482598 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:25:y:2020:i:1:p:37-52 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Seth Quintus Author-X-Name-First: Seth Author-X-Name-Last: Quintus Author-Name: Noa Kekuewa Lincoln Author-X-Name-First: Noa Kekuewa Author-X-Name-Last: Lincoln Title: Integrating Local and Regional in Pre-Contact Hawaiian Agriculture at Kahuku, Hawai‘i Island Abstract: The agricultural systems of the Hawaiian archipelago were some of the most intensive in the Pacific and this scale of intensity is well illustrated by the large agricultural landscapes of leeward Hawai‘i Island. Previous research in the area has centred on understanding the relationship between agriculture, political process, and large-scale environmental conditions. Much of this research has been oriented at the regional level, privileging discussion of elite management and oversight, with only limited investigation exploring farmer-centric adaptation at local scales. In this paper, we assess the integration of local and regional processes in Hawaiian agriculture using recent paired archaeological and ecological data from the Ka‘ū Field System as a case study. We demonstrate the presence of both general patterns previously identified in the archipelago and particular adaptations to the local environment of Kahuku ahupua‘a. In particular, we highlight targeted infrastructural developments that allowed for cultivation of what would otherwise be a difficult cultivation medium within the confines of a larger, likely regionally organised, field system constrained by general soil biogeochemical thresholds. We argue that such investigations provide an increased understanding on how these large-scale agricultural landscapes were formed by integration at multiple social and spatial scales. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 53-68 Issue: 1 Volume: 25 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1497833 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1497833 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:25:y:2020:i:1:p:53-68 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aldona Mueller-Bieniek Author-X-Name-First: Aldona Author-X-Name-Last: Mueller-Bieniek Author-Name: Joanna Pyzel Author-X-Name-First: Joanna Author-X-Name-Last: Pyzel Author-Name: Magda Kapcia Author-X-Name-First: Magda Author-X-Name-Last: Kapcia Title: Chenopodium Seeds in Open-Air Archaeological Sites – How to Not Throw the Baby Out with the Bathwater Abstract: Differentiating between charred and uncharred plant remains may appear straightforward but for some taxa (here fat-hen, Chenopodium album type) can be very problematic. Recognition of the preservation state is obviously crucial for archaeobotanical data derived from dry, open-air sites. Fat-hen as a common weed, is also one of the most important components of a persistent soil seed bank. It is also a well-known food plant, gathered or cultivated. Numerous findings of fat-hen seeds in unclear states of preservation were noted in the Early Neolithic sites of the Linear Pottery culture in Kuyavia (N Europe). In previous studies such specimens were omitted as probably uncharred. Re-examination of Neolithic finds of fat-hen from that region showed the link of their abundancy with the earliest phases of the Neolithic occupation. The plant probably played an important role in the diet of the early Neolithic settlers there. It may indicate intensive use of local, open, fertile, probably alluvial areas. Distinguishing between ancient and modern specimens of that common weedy plant, producing large amounts of small, black, resistant seeds is thus very important, holding a great potential to shed new light on the origins of agricultural societies in this part of northern Europe. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 69-81 Issue: 1 Volume: 25 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1536500 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1536500 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:25:y:2020:i:1:p:69-81 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Richard Thomas Author-X-Name-First: Richard Author-X-Name-Last: Thomas Author-Name: Matt Law Author-X-Name-First: Matt Author-X-Name-Last: Law Author-Name: Emma Browning Author-X-Name-First: Emma Author-X-Name-Last: Browning Author-Name: Alistair Hill Author-X-Name-First: Alistair Author-X-Name-Last: Hill Author-Name: Rachel Small Author-X-Name-First: Rachel Author-X-Name-Last: Small Title: The Changing Exploitation of Oysters (Ostrea edulis L. 1758) in Late Medieval and Early Modern England: A Case Study from Dudley Castle, West Midlands Abstract: Analysis of over 4000 complete left oyster valves from late medieval and post-medieval Dudley Castle reveals the changing role of this perishable luxury over a 700-year period. Throughout the occupation, it seems that oysters were used as ingredients rather than served raw in the shell. A greater reliance on oyster consumption is apparent in the later fourteenth century, perhaps reflecting a more diverse diet amongst the aristocracy in the wake of the Black Death. An increased preference for mussels and whelks is also attested in the Tudor and early modern periods, reflecting changing perceptions of these foods.Overall, it is likely that natural beds were exploited throughout the time that oysters were being brought to Dudley Castle; however, the evidence demonstrates a shift from limited exploitation of natural inter-tidal sources in the eleventh century towards the dredging of sub-littoral beds in later periods, with some possible translocation of oyster stock. Changes in the shape, size and appearance of the oyster shells suggest the source locales from which the oysters derived changed through time. A notable shift occurred in the fourteenth century, which could reflect changes in supply brought about by altered tenancy at Dudley Castle and/or disruptions to trade brought about by the Black Death. Future biochemical analyses are recommended to provide greater clarity on the origin of those sources. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 82-95 Issue: 1 Volume: 25 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1563373 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1563373 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:25:y:2020:i:1:p:82-95 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gusztáv Jakab Author-X-Name-First: Gusztáv Author-X-Name-Last: Jakab Author-Name: Lóránd Silye Author-X-Name-First: Lóránd Author-X-Name-Last: Silye Author-Name: Pál Sümegi Author-X-Name-First: Pál Author-X-Name-Last: Sümegi Author-Name: Attila Tóth Author-X-Name-First: Attila Author-X-Name-Last: Tóth Author-Name: Balázs Sümegi Author-X-Name-First: Balázs Author-X-Name-Last: Sümegi Author-Name: Ilona Pál Author-X-Name-First: Ilona Author-X-Name-Last: Pál Author-Name: Elek Benkő Author-X-Name-First: Elek Author-X-Name-Last: Benkő Title: Relict Anthropogenic Ecosystem from the Middle Ages: History of a Salt Marsh from Transylvania (Sic, N Romania) Abstract: A paleoecological study was performed on a sediment core recovered from a former artificial lake – the Reedbed of Sic near Cluj-Napoca, Romania – in order to explore the history of water management and nearby salt mining, and its impact on the environment. From the Roman period, the area served as a recipient of salty wastewaters. The most significant shift in the sediment composition and macrofossil assemblages took place after 1000 AD, suggesting a significant upturn in salt mining. The impact of mining-related activities was further increased in the Middle Ages when, according to documentary sources, fishponds and watermills were constructed in the area. They led to the stabilisation of the water level in the lakebed, and enhanced the appearance of reed beds and the spread of secondary salt marsh vegetation. This biotop was later invaded by the Entzia macrescens, an agglutinated foraminiferal taxon, known mostly from the high intertidal marshes worldwide. In the investigated marshland, the dominance of halophytic species reached their acme in the seventeenth century, which coincides with the acme of mining activities. This medieval – early Modern Age industrial ecosystem survived the abandonment of salt mines and fishponds, being preserved until today. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 96-113 Issue: 1 Volume: 25 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2019.1578547 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2019.1578547 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:25:y:2020:i:1:p:96-113 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: W. Christopher Carleton Author-X-Name-First: W. Christopher Author-X-Name-Last: Carleton Author-Name: Mark Collard Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Collard Title: Recent Major Themes and Research Areas in the Study of Human-Environment Interaction in Prehistory Abstract: We report a study in which we systematically reviewed the recent literature dealing with human-environment interaction in prehistory. We first identified the 165 most highly cited papers published between 2005 and 2015. We then identified the major research themes covered in the sample of papers and assessed whether the themes fall into clusters and/or vary greatly in popularity. Subsequently, we identified potentially important lacunae. Our review identified dozens of themes and four major clusters: 1) improving our reconstructions of past environments; 2) the impact of climate change on past human societies; 3) human adaptation to past environmental conditions; and 4) human impacts on past environments. We also identified several gaps that led us to make a number of suggestions for future work. One is to pay more attention to the epistemology of causality. A second is to take into account nonlinearity when considering causal relationships. A third is to study the impact of chronological uncertainty on analyses. Lastly, our review revealed that there are differences between the aspects of human-environment interaction in prehistory that interest scholars and those that interest policy-makers and the general public. This needs to be addressed for obvious reasons. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 114-130 Issue: 1 Volume: 25 Year: 2020 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1560932 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1560932 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:25:y:2020:i:1:p:114-130 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carla Lancelotti Author-X-Name-First: Carla Author-X-Name-Last: Lancelotti Author-Name: Alessandra Pecci Author-X-Name-First: Alessandra Author-X-Name-Last: Pecci Author-Name: Debora Zurro Author-X-Name-First: Debora Author-X-Name-Last: Zurro Title: Anthropic Activity Markers: Archaeology and Ethnoarchaeology Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 339-342 Issue: 4 Volume: 22 Year: 2017 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1364207 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1364207 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:22:y:2017:i:4:p:339-342 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alessandra Pecci Author-X-Name-First: Alessandra Author-X-Name-Last: Pecci Author-Name: Luis Barba Author-X-Name-First: Luis Author-X-Name-Last: Barba Author-Name: Agustín Ortiz Author-X-Name-First: Agustín Author-X-Name-Last: Ortiz Title: Chemical Residues as Anthropic Activity Markers. Ethnoarchaeology, Experimental Archaeology and Archaeology of Food Production and Consumption Abstract: Chemical residues preserved in floors can be considered anthropic activity markers. In fact, residues are strictly related to the activities performed and reflect their spatial distribution. We present a synthesis of the work carried out over the last few decades in Mexico and Italy related to the study of chemical residues in floors. Residues can be identified performing specific chemical analyses both of plastered or earthen floors samples. We outline a methodological approach concerning the use of the markers of the activities to interpret food production and consumption in the archaeological record, based upon evidence from experimental, ethnoarchaeological and archaeological examples. Here we point out the advantages and problems of such an approach, mainly related to equifinality, of the use of spot tests and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry techniques using examples from different sites in the world. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 343-353 Issue: 4 Volume: 22 Year: 2017 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1359354 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1359354 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:22:y:2017:i:4:p:343-353 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carla Lancelotti Author-X-Name-First: Carla Author-X-Name-Last: Lancelotti Author-Name: Joan Negre Pérez Author-X-Name-First: Joan Author-X-Name-Last: Negre Pérez Author-Name: Jonàs Alcaina-Mateos Author-X-Name-First: Jonàs Author-X-Name-Last: Alcaina-Mateos Author-Name: Francesco Carrer Author-X-Name-First: Francesco Author-X-Name-Last: Carrer Title: Intra-site Spatial Analysis in Ethnoarchaeology Abstract: The interpretative power of quantitative intra-site spatial analysis has long been recognised by archaeologists. On the contrary, very few ethnoarchaeological works have engaged with the statistical analysis of intra-site pattern of artefacts and ecofacts. Nonetheless, ethnoarchaeology is uniquely placed to guide and assist in the identification of sound techniques and in the development of the methodology of analysis. The possibility to directly connect the distribution of the proxies under study with the activity that generated such distribution, provide the means of fine-tuning the tools we use for identifying these patterns in the archaeological record. As a consequence, archaeological methodology and interpretation both benefit from the application of improved methodologies. In this paper we review some of the most common techniques used to analyse activity areas and we provide examples of the application of such techniques to ethnoarchaeological contexts. The aim is to assess how archaeology can benefit from the intra-site spatial analysis of ethnoarchaeological contexts. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 354-364 Issue: 4 Volume: 22 Year: 2017 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1299908 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1299908 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:22:y:2017:i:4:p:354-364 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tiziana Matarazzo Author-X-Name-First: Tiziana Author-X-Name-Last: Matarazzo Author-Name: Francesco Berna Author-X-Name-First: Francesco Author-X-Name-Last: Berna Author-Name: Paul Goldberg Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Goldberg Title: Micromorphological Study of Concotto Surfaces Protected by the Avellino Eruption in 3945 ± 10 cal. BP at the Early Bronze Age of Afragola Village in Southern Italy Abstract: The term Concotto refers to fragments or patches of hard heated clay that derive from living surfaces, walls, and ovens. Concotto fragments are found throughout the Italian peninsula and date from the Neolithic to the Iron Age. Current studies express contradictory opinions about whether or not the Concottos on living surfaces represent intentionally constructed surfaces or the secondary products of the contact between hot embers and sediments. This study uses micromorphological analysis to investigate the function and composition of Concotto surfaces from several domestic structures at the Early Bronze Age village of Afragola in southern Italy. Afragola is an exceptionally preserved agricultural village that was covered by almost 1 m of volcanic ash during the Vesuvius eruption in 3945 ± 10 cal. BP. The Concottos at Afragola are hard, red surfaces that are typically associated with burned materials. Micromorphological analysis reveals that the Concottos were intentionally made by laying down patches of clay and then heating them to create a hard, flat surface. This study explores the potential uses of the Concotto as cooking surfaces during the Early Bronze Age of southern Italy. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 365-380 Issue: 4 Volume: 22 Year: 2017 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1353658 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1353658 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:22:y:2017:i:4:p:365-380 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Christian Wells Author-X-Name-First: E. Christian Author-X-Name-Last: Wells Author-Name: Christopher K. Waters Author-X-Name-First: Christopher K. Author-X-Name-Last: Waters Author-Name: Anthony R. Tricarico Author-X-Name-First: Anthony R. Author-X-Name-Last: Tricarico Author-Name: Georgia L. Fox Author-X-Name-First: Georgia L. Author-X-Name-Last: Fox Title: Agroindustrial Soilscapes in the Caribbean: A Geochemical Perspective from Betty’s Hope, Antigua Abstract: This research examines the chemical impacts to soils caused by the industrialisation (mechanisation and mass production) of sugar and rum manufacturing in the Caribbean during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Soils and sediments excavated from Betty’s Hope sugar plantation (1674−1944) are chemically characterised by mild acid extraction and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy. These data are integrated with analyses of soil properties, including colour, texture, pH and organic matter, to examine activity patterns in areas associated with a large multi-use building dating to the period of industrialisation. Quantitative analysis of the data employs zero-order and partial linear correlation, multidimensional scaling, principal components analysis and spatial interpolation using semivariogram modelling and Kriging. The results reveal the locations of activity areas inside the building, which aids in understanding its role in sugar and rum production. The research also reveals evidence for soil contamination by heavy metals (lead and mercury), suggesting that plantation sites from this period may be polluted with industrial wastes. These findings have implications for activity reconstruction in the archaeological past as well as environmental and community health issues today. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 381-393 Issue: 4 Volume: 22 Year: 2017 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2016.1258130 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2016.1258130 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:22:y:2017:i:4:p:381-393 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Débora Zurro Author-X-Name-First: Débora Author-X-Name-Last: Zurro Author-Name: Joan Negre Author-X-Name-First: Joan Author-X-Name-Last: Negre Author-Name: Javier Ruiz Pérez Author-X-Name-First: Javier Ruiz Author-X-Name-Last: Pérez Author-Name: Myrian Álvarez Author-X-Name-First: Myrian Author-X-Name-Last: Álvarez Author-Name: Ivan Briz i Godino Author-X-Name-First: Ivan Briz i Author-X-Name-Last: Godino Author-Name: Jorge Caro Author-X-Name-First: Jorge Author-X-Name-Last: Caro Title: An Ethnoarchaeological Study on Anthropic Markers from a Shell-midden in Tierra del Fuego (Southern Argentina): Lanashuaia II Abstract: For many years the identification of activity areas has been carried out through the spatial distribution of lithics, zooarchaeological remains and specific features such as fireplaces. However, these data are rarely combined and integrated with results from specific analytical techniques such as phytoliths, organic matter, carbonates and multielemental analysis. This research presents the first results of an intrasite spatial analysis on a layer from the site Lanashuaia II, a shell-midden located on the Beagle Channel coast (Tierra del Fuego, Argentina). Ethnoarchaeology is used as a methodological tool to give content to the concept of anthropic markers by means of formulating archaeological hypothesis on the basis of ethnological information. This paper presents the application of specific anthropic markers, which have been designed and applied to identify ashy remains and waste areas through different combinations of proxies. The results show how an approach that integrates different techniques enhances data interpretation and allows to give visibility to activities that may not leave visible evidences. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 394-411 Issue: 4 Volume: 22 Year: 2017 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1299961 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1299961 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:22:y:2017:i:4:p:394-411 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Emma Louise Jenkins Author-X-Name-First: Emma Louise Author-X-Name-Last: Jenkins Author-Name: Samantha Lee Allcock Author-X-Name-First: Samantha Lee Author-X-Name-Last: Allcock Author-Name: Sarah Elliott Author-X-Name-First: Sarah Author-X-Name-Last: Elliott Author-Name: Carol Palmer Author-X-Name-First: Carol Author-X-Name-Last: Palmer Author-Name: John Grattan Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Grattan Title: Ethno-geochemical and Phytolith Studies of Activity Related Patterns: A Case Study from Al Ma’tan, Jordan Abstract: Understanding Neolithic sites in southwest Asia is often difficult because of the lack of preservation of organic remains and the effects of various taphonomic processes that alter the original record. Here, we use an ethnographic approach to test the potential of using plant phytoliths and geochemistry to aid our interpretation of southwest Asian Neolithic sites. Our study of a recently abandoned stone and mud constructed village in Jordan, shows that for certain activity types, phytoliths and geochemistry can help distinguish different construction methods and functions, particularly for burnt areas, animal use areas and where there has been the addition of a specific construction material. For features constructed from the same source materials distinctions are more problematic. Geochemical and phytolith proxies were individually effective in distinguishing activity areas and construction materials, but signals were diminished when the statistical analysis was run on both forms of evidence combined. It is therefore recommended that the data from plant phytolith and geochemical analyses are subject to separate statistical tests and that the two sets of results are used in combination to interpret archaeological sites and their uses. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 412-433 Issue: 4 Volume: 22 Year: 2017 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1362787 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1362787 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:22:y:2017:i:4:p:412-433 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ryan M. Szymanski Author-X-Name-First: Ryan M. Author-X-Name-Last: Szymanski Title: Detection of Human Landscape Alteration Using Nested Microbotanical and Fungal Proxies Abstract: Fungal spores and other ‘non-pollen palynomorphs’ are an overlooked and valuable analytical resource available to palaeoecologists and archaeologists as part of a multi-proxy dataset. Both complementary and antagonistic data gleaned from these analyses are useful for making inferences concerning past human behaviour, as anthropic activity may have many microbotanical correlates. The use of fungal spores in palaeoecology and archaeology is reviewed, followed by analysis of pollen, fungal spores, and microcharcoal from a sediment core collected at Mtwapa Creek, Kenya. These proxies are analysed against palaeoclimatic data from the region in order to identify unexpected patterns and hypothesise as to possible scenarios which might have created them, and conclude with suggestions for further research. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 434-446 Issue: 4 Volume: 22 Year: 2017 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1299415 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1299415 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:22:y:2017:i:4:p:434-446 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jillian Garvey Author-X-Name-First: Jillian Author-X-Name-Last: Garvey Author-Name: Judith Field Author-X-Name-First: Judith Author-X-Name-Last: Field Title: Recent studies in Australian palaeoecology and zooarchaeology: a volume in honour of the late Su Solomon Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 79-81 Issue: 2 Volume: 16 Year: 2011 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963111x13110803260750 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963111x13110803260750 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:16:y:2011:i:2:p:79-81 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jillian Garvey Author-X-Name-First: Jillian Author-X-Name-Last: Garvey Author-Name: Brett Cochrane Author-X-Name-First: Brett Author-X-Name-Last: Cochrane Author-Name: Judith Field Author-X-Name-First: Judith Author-X-Name-Last: Field Author-Name: Chris Boney Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Boney Title: Modern emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) butchery, economic utility and analogues for the Australian archaeological record Abstract: Australia's largest flightless bird, the emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae), has been an important prey animal for Indigenous people for millennia, especially in arid/semi-arid areas where, along with large kangaroos, they can provide high economic returns from single kills. Understanding modern prey selection, butchering patterns and the relative nutritional value of the different body portions in these animals has important implications for interpreting patterns of species and body part representation in the archaeological record. A butchery study, economic utility assessment, and meat and marrow fatty acid analysis of the Australian emu has established the relative economic importance of different body parts. The results show that the femur/pelvic region yielded the greatest amount of meat, and that the quantity and quality of fats associated with these units makes bone fracturing for marrow extraction superfluous. The results provide new insights into the relative importance of emu in Australian Aboriginal diets, past and present, and establish useful comparative data for studies of the now extinct giant flightless bird Genyornis newtoni. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 97-112 Issue: 2 Volume: 16 Year: 2011 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963111X13110803260840 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963111X13110803260840 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:16:y:2011:i:2:p:97-112 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Coral Montero López Author-X-Name-First: Coral Montero Author-X-Name-Last: López Author-Name: Luis Fernando Núñez Author-X-Name-First: Luis Fernando Author-X-Name-Last: Núñez Author-Name: Pedro Morales Author-X-Name-First: Pedro Author-X-Name-Last: Morales Author-Name: Edith Cienfuegos Author-X-Name-First: Edith Author-X-Name-Last: Cienfuegos Author-Name: Francisco Otero Author-X-Name-First: Francisco Author-X-Name-Last: Otero Title: Diet and health at Chinikihá, Chiapas, Mexico: some preliminary results Abstract: This study reports stable nitrogen, and carbon isotopic analyses (δ13 C and δ15 N) from bone collagen and enamel apatite for eight human samples at the site of Chinikihá, Mexico, during the Late Classic (AD 650–850). It has been proposed that, during this time period, an increase in maize consumption combined with a decrease in meat consumption could have been the result of an environmental collapse, reflected in a generalised poor diet and health. However, recent studies demonstrate that there is great intrasite variability, and that access to maize and animal protein may relate more to changes in the distribution of foods among social groups. Data from chemical analyses are combined with other variables, such as health status and mortuary patterns to determine differences among the inhabitants of an upper-class household. Our results indicate that, while the basic staple of all the inhabitants of Chinikihá was maize, access to other wild plants and animal protein may have depended on sex, age and other social factors, and not necessarily be the consequence of an environmental depletion of resources. This article provides more data to the growing body of literature that support local variation and internal differences, and expands our knowledge on differential access to resources within the members of a higher-class unit. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 82-96 Issue: 2 Volume: 16 Year: 2011 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963111X13110803260804 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963111X13110803260804 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:16:y:2011:i:2:p:82-96 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael C. Westaway Author-X-Name-First: Michael C. Author-X-Name-Last: Westaway Author-Name: Jessica C. Thompson Author-X-Name-First: Jessica C. Author-X-Name-Last: Thompson Author-Name: Walter B. Wood Author-X-Name-First: Walter B. Author-X-Name-Last: Wood Author-Name: Jackson Njau Author-X-Name-First: Jackson Author-X-Name-Last: Njau Title: Crocodile ecology and the taphonomy of early Australasian sites Abstract: Humans and human ancestors have exploited wetland resources for at least two million years. The most significant predators in these landscapes are crocodiles, which leads to two potential taphonomic problems: 1) human-accumulated bones may become intermingled with crocodile-modified bones; and 2) hominins themselves may have been victims of crocodiles. Davidson and Solomon (1990) significantly contributed to this literature through theirsuggestion that a crocodile attack led to the tooth marks on the type specimen of Homo habilis (OH 7) found in Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. The Australasian tropics were also home to a variety of crocodilian species, crocodile damage to hominin bones being inferred in Trinil and Sangiran, Java. Furthermore, two Pleistocene Australian archaeological sites have stone artefacts in association with crocodile-damaged bone. A referential taphonomic framework is needed to understand the degree and nature of crocodile-hominin interactions on paleolandscapes of Sunda, the ancient Pleistocene landmass incorporating the islands of SE Asia, and Sahul, the Pleistocene landmass of ancient Australia incorporating Papua New Guinea, Australia and Tasmania. This paper provides initial results from crocodile feeding experiments aimed at characterising feeding damage inflicted on bones by the largest extant Australasian crocodile, Crocodylus porosus. Due to close similarity among Crocodylus species in dental and cranial morphology there are some general patterns in the way they modify bones. However, some differences arise when the taphonomic signatures are compared to those of the Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus). We suggest that these differences are attributable to evolved differences in the feeding ecologies of the two species. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 124-136 Issue: 2 Volume: 16 Year: 2011 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963111X13110803260930 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963111X13110803260930 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:16:y:2011:i:2:p:124-136 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Melanie Fillios Author-X-Name-First: Melanie Author-X-Name-Last: Fillios Title: Testing the impact of environmental zone on experimental taphonomic faunal models Abstract: Traditional paradigms governing the generation of actualistic taphonomic faunal models suggest that outcomes will vary depending on the particular environmental zone in which data is generated. Scavenging experiments were carried out in two distinct environmental zones (temperate and semi-arid) in New South Wales, Australia, to test the validity of this prevailing paradigm. The results of this study suggest that a particular environmental zone may not be as important a variable as other taphonomic factors, such as natural versus cultural agents of accumulation. These observations are part of larger study whose goal is to provide a working taphonomic model for faunal accumulations in open archaeological sites derived from Australian contexts. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 113-123 Issue: 2 Volume: 16 Year: 2011 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963111X13110803260895 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963111X13110803260895 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:16:y:2011:i:2:p:113-123 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Patrick Faulkner Author-X-Name-First: Patrick Author-X-Name-Last: Faulkner Title: Late Holocene mollusc exploitation and changing near-shore environments: a case study from the coastal margin of Blue Mud Bay, northern Australia Abstract: Occupation on the coastal margins of northern Australia over the mid to late Holocene characteristically reflects chronological and spatial variability in settlement and subsistence. In many geographically diverse regions across the tropical coast, the archaeological record indicates patterns of molluscan resource exploitation that reflects the altered local ecological habitats that accompanied broader coastal environmental change over the last few thousand years. This paper investigates these issues via analyses of molluscan species richness, diversity, and habitat exploitation through time and space on the Point Blane Peninsula, Blue Mud Bay, north-east Arnhem Land. As well as variability in the intensity of exploitation, this research confirms the interpretation of previous investigation of coastal occupation as being flexible and dynamic, with changes linked to alterations in species availability and abundance relative to changes in near-shore environments. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 137-150 Issue: 2 Volume: 16 Year: 2011 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963111X13110803260976 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963111X13110803260976 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:16:y:2011:i:2:p:137-150 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sarah Martin Author-X-Name-First: Sarah Author-X-Name-Last: Martin Title: Palaeoecological evidence associated with earth mounds of the Murray Riverine Plain, south-eastern Australia Abstract: The characteristic mounded cultural deposits on the Murray Riverine Plain, regionally known as 'mounds', 'earth mounds' or 'oven mounds', are unique archives of palaeoecological information. Excavations of two large mounds on a distributary of the Lower Murrumbidgee River provide tangible evidence of past environments and human exploitation of these environments. The excavation data bridge the nearly 5000-year time gap between the construction of the excavated mounds and the 19th-century ethnohistorical observations linking women to specialised knowledge of wetland management, plant harvesting and preparation, and co-operative cooking in heat retainer ovens on mounds. Macroscopic charcoal, pollen and plant imprints from the mounds suggest that the ethnohistorically observed baking/steaming of carbohydrate-rich wetland plant foods such as Typha, Bolboschoenus and Triglochin in baked clay heat retainer ovens on mounds had its origins during the mid-Holocene. The consistent amounts of wetland faunal bone and shell and the clustered spatial patterning of mounds around specific types of current and former 'reed-beds', swamps and lakes, also provide evidence of a mid to late Holocene focus on wetland environments. This paper aims to encourage new palaeoecological research into these relatively neglected but extremely significant cultural deposits. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 162-172 Issue: 2 Volume: 16 Year: 2011 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963111X13110803261056 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963111X13110803261056 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:16:y:2011:i:2:p:162-172 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Richard Robins Author-X-Name-First: Richard Author-X-Name-Last: Robins Author-Name: Andrew Robins Author-X-Name-First: Andrew Author-X-Name-Last: Robins Title: The antics of ants: ants as agents of bioturbation in a midden deposit in south-east Queensland Abstract: During salvage excavations of an Aboriginal shell midden at Hollywell, on the Gold Coast of Queensland, ant activity was noted as a contributor to both bioturbation, and to the introduction of modern material, including metal fragments, plastic, nylon fishing line and cotton thread into the deposit. This material was found at depths of up to 400 mm and adjacent to excavation units with shells with a calibrated age of 1050–900 BP. These observations prompted the development of a small experiment to illustrate the impact that one species of common Australian ant observed on site, the green-head ant (Rhytidoponera metallica), can have on cultural material in sandy deposits. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 151-161 Issue: 2 Volume: 16 Year: 2011 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963111X13110803261010 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963111X13110803261010 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:16:y:2011:i:2:p:151-161 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reviewers Author-X-Name-First: Author-X-Name-Last: Title: Reviews Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 173-180 Issue: 2 Volume: 16 Year: 2011 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.16.2.173 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.16.2.173 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:16:y:2011:i:2:p:173-180 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reviewers Author-X-Name-First: Author-X-Name-Last: Title: Reviews Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 85-100 Issue: 1 Volume: 13 Year: 2008 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963108x279238 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963108x279238 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:13:y:2008:i:1:p:85-100 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Harry Kenward Author-X-Name-First: Harry Author-X-Name-Last: Kenward Author-Name: Jess Tipper Author-X-Name-First: Jess Author-X-Name-Last: Tipper Title: Insect invaders of reconstructed Anglo-Saxon houses at West Stow, Suffolk, England Abstract: The insect fauna, particularly beetles (Coleoptera), of four modern reconstructions of Anglo-Saxon houses at West Stow, Suffolk, UK, has been investigated by pitfall trapping. Modest numbers of insects were recovered from each structure. The overlap with the fauna recovered from archaeological floor deposits of about the same period was notable, being greater than predicted, since the reconstructions lacked the litter and waste believed to have been available as insect habitats in the past. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 51-57 Issue: 1 Volume: 13 Year: 2008 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963108x279210 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963108x279210 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:13:y:2008:i:1:p:51-57 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ingrid Ward Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid Author-X-Name-Last: Ward Author-Name: Piers Larcombe Author-X-Name-First: Piers Author-X-Name-Last: Larcombe Title: Determining the preservation rating of submerged archaeology in the post-glacial southern North Sea: a first-order geomorphological approach Abstract: During most of the last glaciation, the southern North Sea floor was exposed and accessible to humans. Archaeological finds are concentrated around Brown Bank, Dogger Bank and the Norfolk Banks, but the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeological potential of these areas is poorly known. Management of submerged archaeological heritage requires knowledge about location (potential) and context, ascribing significance (value) and determining risk. Thus, the preservation potential of primary and secondary archaeological material around these three areas is considered a) in the context of the post-glacial evolution of the southern North Sea and b) regarding natural and anthropogenic processes. A detailed review is followed by original research material describing an approach to assessing preservation potential. In general, low-energy deposits associated with former intertidal, floodplain or lacustrine environments are likely to preserve primary archaeological material, including organic remains, whilst (high-energy) riverine environments are more likely to preserve inorganic secondary archaeological material. The main possible anthropogenic impacts on submerged archaeology result from beam trawling, which may disturb deposits at the seafloor, and aggregate dredging, which may remove secondary deposits. Trawling and aggregate dredging are increasingly contributing to knowledge, through reporting finds through established protocols, and through assisting in funding relevant to multi-disciplinary research. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 59-83 Issue: 1 Volume: 13 Year: 2008 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963108x279229 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963108x279229 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:13:y:2008:i:1:p:59-83 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Welmoed A. Out Author-X-Name-First: Welmoed A. Author-X-Name-Last: Out Title: Selective use of Cornus sanguinea L. (red dogwood) for Neolithic fish traps in the Netherlands Abstract: Recurrent results of wood identifications at Dutch Neolithic wetland sites indicate selective use of wood for fish traps. Three hypotheses on wood selection for fish traps are presented: functional selection, selection through cultural preference and selection under influence of the distribution of Cornus sanguinea L. (red dogwood). The hypotheses are tested by the available data of Neolithic fish traps from the Netherlands. The data show that fish traps in the north of the Netherlands are generally made of Salix species (willow) and/or Corylus avellana L. (hazel) while fish traps in the south are made of Cornus sanguinea (red dogwood). The hypotheses on functional selection and on the role of the distribution of Cornus sanguinea are strongly supported by archaeological and palaeoecological data, while the hypothesis on cultural preference is not broadly supported but cannot be rejected either. Predictions on the wood species of fish traps that are to be excavated in the future are put forward in order to facilitate future testing of the hypotheses. Representativity of the dataset remains sub-optimal and wood identification of fish traps needs more attention in the future. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 1-10 Issue: 1 Volume: 13 Year: 2008 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963108X279184 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963108X279184 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:13:y:2008:i:1:p:1-10 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Örni Akeret Author-X-Name-First: Örni Author-X-Name-Last: Akeret Author-Name: Marlu Kühn Author-X-Name-First: Marlu Author-X-Name-Last: Kühn Title: Desiccated plant macrofossils from the medieval castle of Marmorera, Switzerland, with a note on the identification of leaves of Cyperaceae Abstract: During restoration work at the medieval castle of Marmorera, Graubünden canton, Switzerland, numerous desiccated plant remains were found — in a rock crevice that was protected from precipitation by a massive rock shelter. The identification of the remains showed that the majority could not have grown at the castle, but must have been transported to the site. Many of the plants came from warmer climates and were imported from lower lying regions, indicating the position of the castle at an important transalpine route. Among the finds was a lump of grass-like leaves for which for a method of preparation and identification was developed. The leaves turned out to be of Carex species that grow in wet habitats which were probably used as litter or as bedding material. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 37-50 Issue: 1 Volume: 13 Year: 2008 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963108x279201 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963108x279201 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:13:y:2008:i:1:p:37-50 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marijke van der Veen Author-X-Name-First: Marijke Author-X-Name-Last: van der Veen Author-Name: Alexandra Livarda Author-X-Name-First: Alexandra Author-X-Name-Last: Livarda Author-Name: Alistair Hill Author-X-Name-First: Alistair Author-X-Name-Last: Hill Title: New Plant Foods in Roman Britain — Dispersal and Social Access Abstract: This paper presents the first detailed review of all archaeobotanical records from Roman Britain. It reveals that some 50 new plants food (mostly fruits, herbs and vegetables) were introduced into this country during the Roman period. These introductions represent a major diversification of the plant component of the British diet at this time, adding important nutrients, variety of flavours, ways of expressing cultural identity, as well as social status. The geographical, chronological and social dispersal of these foods is analysed and three dispersal patterns and at least four consumer groups are identified. Methodological issues are discussed and gaps in the data highlighted. The role of these foods in expressions of cultural identity is briefly discussed, as is the impact of their introduction on the productive capacity of the agricultural economy. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 11-36 Issue: 1 Volume: 13 Year: 2008 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963108X279193 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963108X279193 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:13:y:2008:i:1:p:11-36 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Bogucki Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Bogucki Author-Name: Dorota Nalepka Author-X-Name-First: Dorota Author-X-Name-Last: Nalepka Author-Name: Ryszard Grygiel Author-X-Name-First: Ryszard Author-X-Name-Last: Grygiel Author-Name: Bolesław Nowaczyk Author-X-Name-First: Bolesław Author-X-Name-Last: Nowaczyk Title: Multiproxy environmental archaeology of Neolithic settlements at Osłonki, Poland, 5500–4000 BC Abstract: Archaeological research on Neolithic settlements (ca. 5500–4000 cal BC) at and near Osłonki, Poland, is complemented by palaeoenvironmental investigations in three basins with biogenic sediments adjacent to the archaeological sites. Research included sedimentology, palynology, malacology and cladoceran analysis. Complementary lines of evidence indicate that Linear Pottery pioneer farmers of the late 6th millennium BC caused minimal environmental impact, but intensive settlement and land use by the Brześć Kujawski Group during the 5th millennium BC triggered pronounced human-induced effects on the local landscape. Of particular significance is the evidence for erosion and aeolian ablation of exposed soil in the vicinity of the Neolithic settlements, presumably reflecting widespread land clearance, agricultural activity and settlement construction. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 45-65 Issue: 1 Volume: 17 Year: 2012 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/1461410312Z.0000000004 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1461410312Z.0000000004 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:17:y:2012:i:1:p:45-65 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gillian G Jones Author-X-Name-First: Gillian G Author-X-Name-Last: Jones Author-Name: Peta Sadler Author-X-Name-First: Peta Author-X-Name-Last: Sadler Title: Age at death in cattle: methods, older cattle and known-age reference material Abstract: New work is presented regarding the estimation of age at death in cattle based on the teeth. For younger cattle, before all the teeth are fully in wear, mandible stages are based on the eruption events, subdivided using wear on the most recently erupted tooth. For older cattle, a method of study using the position of the cement-enamel junction and the root arch of the molar teeth is presented. These are used to define summary mandible stages for older cattle. In order to suggest the ages at which the mandible stages occur, studies were made using reference material of known age at death at the Julius Kühn Museum, Halle, Germany (88 records), and two smaller collections in the UK (6 records). Further reference data were obtained from study of the literature (42 data points) (Jones and Sadler 2012). The results are presented using standard summary methods and the more detailed mandible stages. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 11-28 Issue: 1 Volume: 17 Year: 2012 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/1461410312Z.0000000002 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1461410312Z.0000000002 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:17:y:2012:i:1:p:11-28 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gillian G Jones Author-X-Name-First: Gillian G Author-X-Name-Last: Jones Author-Name: Peta Sadler Author-X-Name-First: Peta Author-X-Name-Last: Sadler Title: A review of published sources for age at death in cattle Abstract: A survey of the literature for information relevant to estimating age at death in cattle has added detailed data on the age at which particular stages of dental development have been observed, based on sources where direct observations were certainly made. The information is of general interest for archaeozoology and, moreover, has enabled refinements to be made to existing methods for ageing cattle dentition using tooth eruption and wear (Jones and Sadler 2012). The survey presents summaries of published work on longevity in cattle, and on variation in eruption and wear. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 1-10 Issue: 1 Volume: 17 Year: 2012 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/1461410312Z.0000000001 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1461410312Z.0000000001 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:17:y:2012:i:1:p:1-10 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marie Balasse Author-X-Name-First: Marie Author-X-Name-Last: Balasse Author-Name: Loïc Boury Author-X-Name-First: Loïc Author-X-Name-Last: Boury Author-Name: Joël Ughetto-Monfrin Author-X-Name-First: Joël Author-X-Name-Last: Ughetto-Monfrin Author-Name: Anne Tresset Author-X-Name-First: Anne Author-X-Name-Last: Tresset Title: Stable isotope insights (δ18O, δ13C) into cattle and sheep husbandry at Bercy (Paris, France, 4th millennium BC): birth seasonality and winter leaf foddering Abstract: Bercy is a prehistoric village sited by the Seine river (Paris, France), whose main period of occupation was dated to the very beginning of the 4th millennium BC. The animal subsistence economy relied heavily on cattle husbandry, complemented by other species including sheep. Cattle and sheep isotopic history (δ13C, δ18O) was investigated at the seasonal scale, through sequential sampling in tooth enamel, providing new insights into seasonality of birth and diet. Sheep were lambing in mid-spring, only slightly later than expected from what is observed nowadays in temperate Europe at similar latitude. Cattle were born over a period spanning approximately six months, which was an unexpected result compared with a two to three months calving period in free-ranging cattle populations. The extension of the calving period might have been related to seasonal food supplementation. Some cattle and some sheep fed on a 13C-depleted resource in winter, potentially leafy fodder. A direct consequence of an extended calving period would be the availability of cow milk, which would have covered the whole year at Bercy. This is important information in a context where the exploitation of cattle milk by the human community was highly suspected from the demographic management of the herd. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 29-44 Issue: 1 Volume: 17 Year: 2012 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/1461410312Z.0000000003 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1461410312Z.0000000003 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:17:y:2012:i:1:p:29-44 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jessie Woodbridge Author-X-Name-First: Jessie Author-X-Name-Last: Woodbridge Author-Name: Ralph Fyfe Author-X-Name-First: Ralph Author-X-Name-Last: Fyfe Author-Name: Ben Law Author-X-Name-First: Ben Author-X-Name-Last: Law Author-Name: Amy Haworth-Johns Author-X-Name-First: Amy Author-X-Name-Last: Haworth-Johns Title: A spatial approach to upland vegetation change and human impact: the Aber Valley, Snowdonia Abstract: Uplands have long been considered important ‘barometers’ for human-environment relationships. Five pollen sequences from the upper Aber Valley (Snowdonia), across an altitudinal gradient, reveal that human impacts have varied temporally on small spatial scales in the region. Woodland taxa persisted into the later Holocene at lower altitudes and sites located at higher altitude reveal a more open landscape history, possibly as a result of increased exposure limiting tree growth at high elevation. Continuous pastoral human land use is evident in the high upland (400 to >600 m AOD) landscape with evidence of clearing, burning and grazing indicators throughout the records covering the last ∼6000 years, with increased activity apparent during the last 2000 years. There is no clear evidence to suggest that climate change (e.g. deteriorating climatic conditions from ∼850 BC) resulted in land abandonment and it appears more likely that climatic shifts could have led to changes in human land management. The results demonstrate that pastoral land use varied at different altitudes across the Aber Valley upland, and have highlighted the value and potential of high/fine spatial sampling in providing insights into land use history and the mosaic of habitats that result. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 80-94 Issue: 1 Volume: 17 Year: 2012 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/1461410312Z.0000000006 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1461410312Z.0000000006 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:17:y:2012:i:1:p:80-94 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Reviews Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 104-107 Issue: 1 Volume: 17 Year: 2012 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/1461410312Z.0000000008 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1461410312Z.0000000008 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:17:y:2012:i:1:p:104-107 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Harry Kenward Author-X-Name-First: Harry Author-X-Name-Last: Kenward Author-Name: Allan Hall Author-X-Name-First: Allan Author-X-Name-Last: Hall Author-Name: Andrew Jones Author-X-Name-First: Andrew Author-X-Name-Last: Jones Title: Turf roofs and urban archaeological build-up Abstract: Studies of turves used to line the thatched roof of an old farm building in north-west England showed that they might have been a major source of mineral particles and plant and insect remains in some archaeological deposits. Conversely, it might be possible to recognise the remains of turf roofs on occupation sites from characteristic elements of the biota. Analysis of a sample of the accumulation on the floor of the building prompts reconsideration of the nature of ‘indoor’ and ‘outdoor’ insect assemblages. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 66-79 Issue: 1 Volume: 17 Year: 2012 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/1461410312Z.0000000005 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1461410312Z.0000000005 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:17:y:2012:i:1:p:66-79 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Willy Groenman-van Waateringe Author-X-Name-First: Willy Groenman-van Author-X-Name-Last: Waateringe Title: Thousand years of vegetation history revealed by pollen in a sandy soil, central Netherlands Abstract: Within the scope of an interdisciplinary research project to determine the genesis and age of small clusters of oak trees, three soil sections in and three outside oak clusters in an ancient woodland/heath on the Veluwe, central Netherlands, were sampled for palynological analysis. The sections within the clusters show an undisturbed development from the Medieval period onwards, the sections outside the clusters are missing ca. 15 cm because of sod cutting associated with plaggen soil formation. The rate of downward movement of pollen was established, using known dates from the near surroundings. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 95-103 Issue: 1 Volume: 17 Year: 2012 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/1461410312Z.0000000007 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1461410312Z.0000000007 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:17:y:2012:i:1:p:95-103 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reviewers Author-X-Name-First: Author-X-Name-Last: Title: Reviews Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 215-224 Issue: 2 Volume: 12 Year: 2007 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963107x226471 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963107x226471 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:12:y:2007:i:2:p:215-224 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rosemary M. Luff Author-X-Name-First: Rosemary M. Author-X-Name-Last: Luff Title: Monastic diet in Late Antique Egypt: zooarchaeological finds from Kom el-Nana and Tell el-Amarna, Middle Egypt Abstract: Contemporary literature suggests that meat and fish were not common fare of monastic communities in Egypt during the Late Antique Period (AD 330 to 642). A sizeable assemblage of fishbone from the Monastery at Kom el-Nana has allowed, in conjunction with other zooarchaeological material, a reappraisal of this assumption. In addition, comparative data from the adjacent Pharaonic site at Tell el-Amarna have highlighted distinct cultural differences in the utilisation of the mammal, bird and especially the fish remains between the sites. The difference in size of the catfish Synodontis schall demonstrates that in contrast to the ancient Egyptians the monks were targeting very small fish, most likely for salting in ceramic vessels. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 161-174 Issue: 2 Volume: 12 Year: 2007 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963107x226426 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963107x226426 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:12:y:2007:i:2:p:161-174 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: José Iriarte Author-X-Name-First: José Author-X-Name-Last: Iriarte Author-Name: Hermann Behling Author-X-Name-First: Hermann Author-X-Name-Last: Behling Title: The expansion of Araucaria forest in the southern Brazilian highlands during the last 4000 years and its implications for the development of the Taquara/Itararé Tradition Abstract: An examination of the late Holocene environmental and cultural sequences of the southern Brazilian highlands indicates that the colonisation of this region by the Taquara/Itararé people is associated with the expansion of Araucaria forest resulting from the onset of wetter climatic conditions in the region, which started between around 1410 and 900 cal. yr BP. The more intense and permanent human occupation of this region is associated with the advance of Araucaria forest, which provided Taquara/Itararé groups with a newly abundant and reliable resource: Araucaria seeds. In addition, we review the evidence for landscape transformation associated with the beginning of food-production in the region. Charcoal records show that local populations may have practiced slash-and-burn agriculture at lower elevations since the beginning of the late Holocene around 4320 cal. yr BP, and continued this practice during the second part of the late Holocene. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 115-127 Issue: 2 Volume: 12 Year: 2007 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963107x226390 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963107x226390 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:12:y:2007:i:2:p:115-127 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joséphine Lesur Author-X-Name-First: Joséphine Author-X-Name-Last: Lesur Author-Name: Jean-Denis Vigne Author-X-Name-First: Jean-Denis Author-X-Name-Last: Vigne Author-Name: Xavier Gutherz Author-X-Name-First: Xavier Author-X-Name-Last: Gutherz Title: Exploitation of wild mammals in South-west Ethiopia during the Holocene (4000 BC–500 AD): the finds from Moche Borago shelter (Wolayta) Abstract: The rock shelter of Moche Borago in Wolayta Province, South-west Ethiopia, has provided evidence of human occupation during part of the Holocene. Recovery of more than 30,000 animal bones has allowed reconstruction of the exploitation of animals by humans from the 4th millennium BC until the first half of the 1st millennium AD. It could be demonstrated that humans exploited (mainly for food) a great diversity of mammals, especially bovids, and that there were very few diachronic changes observed in the fauna during the occupation. Remains of domestic animals have not been found, even in the most recent part of this period, suggesting that animal husbandry was a late introduction into this mountainous and isolated part of Ethiopia. The human inhabitants of the shelter appear to have exploited the surrounding environment, using its favourable position at the end of a stepped valley for mass killing of African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer). The rich and diverse environments of Wolayta favoured the development of a specialised society that mastered the exploitation of wild animals throughout much of the Holocene. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 139-159 Issue: 2 Volume: 12 Year: 2007 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963107x226417 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963107x226417 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:12:y:2007:i:2:p:139-159 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rita Scheel-Ybert Author-X-Name-First: Rita Author-X-Name-Last: Scheel-Ybert Author-Name: Ondemar F. Dias Author-X-Name-First: Ondemar F. Author-X-Name-Last: Dias Title: Corondó: palaeoenvironmental reconstruction and palaeoethnobotanical considerations in a probable locus of early plant cultivation (south-eastern Brazil) Abstract: The site of Corondó, situated in Campos Novos, in the São Pedro D'Aldeia municipe (Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil), was dated between c. 4000 and 3000 years BP. The high prevalence of dental caries in its population suggests that it might have been a locus of plant cultivation, a hypothesis supported by the presence of diverse plant remains and by the high frequency of grinding artefacts at this site. Anthracological analysis aimed to identify the environment of the site. The charcoal spectrum suggests that it was situated in a restinga forest, near to the Atlantic forest and with the presence of mangrove and open restinga in the environment. Firewood supply was probably obtained by the random gathering of dead wood. The combination of anthracological results with data provided by archaeological and bioanthropological research indicated that the population which constructed this site (1) had a relatively stable sociocultural system; (2) carried out a range of individual activities that remained constant throughout the occupation period; (3) lived in a relatively stable environment. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 129-138 Issue: 2 Volume: 12 Year: 2007 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963107x226408 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963107x226408 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:12:y:2007:i:2:p:129-138 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Patricia Vandorpe Author-X-Name-First: Patricia Author-X-Name-Last: Vandorpe Author-Name: Stefanie Jacomet Author-X-Name-First: Stefanie Author-X-Name-Last: Jacomet Title: Comparing different pre-treatment methods for strongly compacted organic sediments prior to wet-sieving: a case study on Roman waterlogged deposits Abstract: Four pre-treatment methods have been tested on strongly compacted organic sediments prior to sieving. They comprise heating, freezing, soaking in NaHCO3 (sodium bicarbonate) and heating with 10% KOH (potassium hydroxide). The aim of the experiment was to find out which pre-treatment method facilitates the sieving process without destroying the waterlogged plant remains recovered. Several methods are already described in the literature, but only few systematic comparisons of pre-treatment methods were undertaken. Of the four techniques tested, freezing the samples prior to sieving came out as the best option; it eases sieving and has the least damaging impact on the waterlogged plant remains. In addition, it is fast, uncomplicated and does not leave any chemical waste. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 207-214 Issue: 2 Volume: 12 Year: 2007 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963107x226462 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963107x226462 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:12:y:2007:i:2:p:207-214 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carina Olson Author-X-Name-First: Carina Author-X-Name-Last: Olson Author-Name: Yvonne Walther Author-X-Name-First: Yvonne Author-X-Name-Last: Walther Title: Neolithic cod (Gadus morhua) and herring (Clupea harengus) fisheries in the Baltic Sea, in the light of fine-mesh sieving: a comparative study of subfossil fishbone from the late Stone Age sites at Ajvide, Gotland, Sweden and Jettböle, Åland, Finland Abstract: During the Late Stone Age, the sites of Ajvide and Jettböle were located on the seashore but in quite different marine environments. Ajvide on Gotland had direct access to the open sea of the central Baltic, while Jettböle in the Åland archipelago was surrounded by islands and skerries in the northern part of the Baltic Sea. Continuous excavations at Ajvide revealed large amounts of Cod (Gadus morhua) while herring (Clupea harengus) was found in small numbers. At Jettböle, as well, cod bones have been observed in large numbers while the skeletal remains of herring were few. In this study, soil samples of fishbone materials from Ajvide and Jettböle were sieved through screens of different mesh-sizes and then osteologically analysed. The finer screens aided the recovery of small herring bones that usually are lost when sieving through a common standard mesh-size of 4 mm. The results of the study confirmed the importance of fine-mesh sieving for the retrieval of the fishbone materials. Additionally, the achieved osteometric data indicated a difference in cod and herring size between the sites. Other factors that form our base for the understanding of Neolithic fishing strategies are: a general knowledge of the behaviour of the retrieved fish species, a reconstruction of the ancient marine environment and the abundance of fish species at each site. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 175-185 Issue: 2 Volume: 12 Year: 2007 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963107x226435 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963107x226435 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:12:y:2007:i:2:p:175-185 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guðrún Sveinbjarnardóttir Author-X-Name-First: Guðrún Author-X-Name-Last: Sveinbjarnardóttir Author-Name: Egill Erlendsson Author-X-Name-First: Egill Author-X-Name-Last: Erlendsson Author-Name: Kim Vickers Author-X-Name-First: Kim Author-X-Name-Last: Vickers Author-Name: Tom H. McGovern Author-X-Name-First: Tom H. Author-X-Name-Last: McGovern Author-Name: Karen B. Milek Author-X-Name-First: Karen B. Author-X-Name-Last: Milek Author-Name: Kevin J. Edwards Author-X-Name-First: Kevin J. Author-X-Name-Last: Edwards Author-Name: Ian A. Simpson Author-X-Name-First: Ian A. Author-X-Name-Last: Simpson Author-Name: Gordon Cook Author-X-Name-First: Gordon Author-X-Name-Last: Cook Title: The palaeoecology of a high status Icelandic farm Abstract: Written sources indicate that the farm of Reykholt in Borgarfjörður, Iceland was built on the land of the original settlement farm, and that it had acquired the primary status in the valley by the early 12th century. Archaeological evidence suggests that the farm together with a church may have been established as early as ca. 1000 AD, which is when Christianity was adopted in Iceland. The site became one of the country's major ecclesiastical centres, growing in wealth and stature, not least during the occupancy of the writer and chieftain Snorri Sturluson in the first half of the 13th century. Long-term excavations included a palaeoenvironmental sampling programme aimed at the investigation of the economy and environment of the farm. This paper focuses upon the results of the palaeoecological analysis and places them into the historical context of the farm. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 187-206 Issue: 2 Volume: 12 Year: 2007 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963107x226453 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963107x226453 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:12:y:2007:i:2:p:187-206 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael Charles Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Charles Author-Name: Paul Halstead Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Halstead Author-Name: Glynis Jones Author-X-Name-First: Glynis Author-X-Name-Last: Jones Title: The Archaeology of Fodder: Introduction Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: i-ii Issue: 1 Volume: 1 Year: 1998 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1996.1.1.i File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1996.1.1.i File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:1:y:1998:i:1:p:i-ii Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jean Nicolas Haas Author-X-Name-First: Jean Nicolas Author-X-Name-Last: Haas Author-Name: Sabine Karg Author-X-Name-First: Sabine Author-X-Name-Last: Karg Author-Name: Peter Rasmussen Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Rasmussen Title: Beech Leaves and Twigs used as Winter Fodder: Examples from Historic and Prehistoric Times Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 81-86 Issue: 1 Volume: 1 Year: 1998 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1996.1.1.81 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1996.1.1.81 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:1:y:1998:i:1:p:81-86 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Smith Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Smith Title: Beyond the Barn Beetles: Difficulties in Using Some Coleoptera as Indicators of Stored Fodder Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 63-70 Issue: 1 Volume: 1 Year: 1998 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1996.1.1.63 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1996.1.1.63 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:1:y:1998:i:1:p:63-70 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paul Halstead Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Halstead Author-Name: John Tierney Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Tierney Author-Name: Simon Butler Author-X-Name-First: Simon Author-X-Name-Last: Butler Author-Name: Ymke Mulder Author-X-Name-First: Ymke Author-X-Name-Last: Mulder Title: Leafy Hay: an Ethnoarchaeological Study in NW Greece Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 71-80 Issue: 1 Volume: 1 Year: 1998 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1996.1.1.71 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1996.1.1.71 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:1:y:1998:i:1:p:71-80 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lin Foxhall Author-X-Name-First: Lin Author-X-Name-Last: Foxhall Title: Snapping up the Unconsidered Trifles: the Use of Agricultural Residues in Ancient Greek and Roman Farming Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 35-40 Issue: 1 Volume: 1 Year: 1998 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1996.1.1.35 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1996.1.1.35 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:1:y:1998:i:1:p:35-40 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Allan Hall Author-X-Name-First: Allan Author-X-Name-Last: Hall Author-Name: Harry Kenward Author-X-Name-First: Harry Author-X-Name-Last: Kenward Title: Disentangling Dung: Pathways to Stable Manure Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 123-126 Issue: 1 Volume: 1 Year: 1998 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1996.1.1.123 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1996.1.1.123 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:1:y:1998:i:1:p:123-126 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Seona Anderson Author-X-Name-First: Seona Author-X-Name-Last: Anderson Author-Name: Fusün Ertug-Yaras Author-X-Name-First: Fusün Author-X-Name-Last: Ertug-Yaras Title: Fuel Fodder and Faeces: An Ethnographic and Botanical Study of Dung Fuel Use in Central Anatolia Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 99-109 Issue: 1 Volume: 1 Year: 1998 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1996.1.1.99 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1996.1.1.99 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:1:y:1998:i:1:p:99-109 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Author-X-Name-First: Author-X-Name-Last: Title: Guidelines for authors Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 127-127 Issue: 1 Volume: 1 Year: 1998 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1996.1.1.127 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1996.1.1.127 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:1:y:1998:i:1:p:127-127 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael Charles Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Charles Title: Fodder From Dung: the Recognition and Interpretation of Dung-Derived Plant Material from Archaeological Sites Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 111-122 Issue: 1 Volume: 1 Year: 1998 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1996.1.1.111 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1996.1.1.111 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:1:y:1998:i:1:p:111-122 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sabine Karg Author-X-Name-First: Sabine Author-X-Name-Last: Karg Title: Winter- and Spring-foddering of Sheep/Goat in the Bronze Age Site of Fiavè-Carera, Northern Italy Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 87-94 Issue: 1 Volume: 1 Year: 1998 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1996.1.1.87 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1996.1.1.87 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:1:y:1998:i:1:p:87-94 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tom Williamson Author-X-Name-First: Tom Author-X-Name-Last: Williamson Title: Fodder Crops and the 'Agricultural Revolution' in England, 1700–1850 Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 11-18 Issue: 1 Volume: 1 Year: 1998 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1996.1.1.11 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1996.1.1.11 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:1:y:1998:i:1:p:11-18 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carol Palmer Author-X-Name-First: Carol Author-X-Name-Last: Palmer Title: The Role of Fodder in the Farming System: a Case Study From Northern Jordan Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 1-10 Issue: 1 Volume: 1 Year: 1998 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1996.1.1.1 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1996.1.1.1 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:1:y:1998:i:1:p:1-10 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hamish Forbes Author-X-Name-First: Hamish Author-X-Name-Last: Forbes Title: European Agriculture Viewed Bottom-side Upwards: Fodder- and Forage-provision in a Traditional Greek Community Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 19-34 Issue: 1 Volume: 1 Year: 1998 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1996.1.1.19 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1996.1.1.19 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:1:y:1998:i:1:p:19-34 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Glynis Jones Author-X-Name-First: Glynis Author-X-Name-Last: Jones Title: Distinguishing Food from Fodder in the Archaeobotanical Record Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 95-98 Issue: 1 Volume: 1 Year: 1998 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1996.1.1.95 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1996.1.1.95 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:1:y:1998:i:1:p:95-98 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tom Amorosi Author-X-Name-First: Tom Author-X-Name-Last: Amorosi Author-Name: Paul C. Buckland Author-X-Name-First: Paul C. Author-X-Name-Last: Buckland Author-Name: Kevin J. Edwards Author-X-Name-First: Kevin J. Author-X-Name-Last: Edwards Author-Name: Ingrid Mainland Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid Author-X-Name-Last: Mainland Author-Name: Tom H. McGovern Author-X-Name-First: Tom H. Author-X-Name-Last: McGovern Author-Name: Jon P. Sadler Author-X-Name-First: Jon P. Author-X-Name-Last: Sadler Author-Name: Peter Skidmore Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Skidmore Title: They did not Live by Grass Alone: the Politics and Palaeoecology of Animal Fodder in the North Atlantic Region Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 41-54 Issue: 1 Volume: 1 Year: 1998 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1996.1.1.41 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1996.1.1.41 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:1:y:1998:i:1:p:41-54 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ingrid L. Mainland Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid L. Author-X-Name-Last: Mainland Title: The Lamb's Last Supper: the Role of Dental Microwear Analysis in Reconstructing Livestock Diet in the Past Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 55-62 Issue: 1 Volume: 1 Year: 1998 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1996.1.1.55 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1996.1.1.55 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:1:y:1998:i:1:p:55-62 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vincent Lebreton Author-X-Name-First: Vincent Author-X-Name-Last: Lebreton Author-Name: Sahbi Jaouadi Author-X-Name-First: Sahbi Author-X-Name-Last: Jaouadi Author-Name: Simone Mulazzani Author-X-Name-First: Simone Author-X-Name-Last: Mulazzani Author-Name: Abdelkarim Boujelben Author-X-Name-First: Abdelkarim Author-X-Name-Last: Boujelben Author-Name: Lotfi Belhouchet Author-X-Name-First: Lotfi Author-X-Name-Last: Belhouchet Author-Name: Amor Mokhtar Gammar Author-X-Name-First: Amor Mokhtar Author-X-Name-Last: Gammar Author-Name: Nathalie Combourieu-Nebout Author-X-Name-First: Nathalie Author-X-Name-Last: Combourieu-Nebout Author-Name: Jean-François Saliège Author-X-Name-First: Jean-François Author-X-Name-Last: Saliège Author-Name: Mohamed Raouf Karray Author-X-Name-First: Mohamed Raouf Author-X-Name-Last: Karray Author-Name: Eric Fouache Author-X-Name-First: Eric Author-X-Name-Last: Fouache Title: Early oleiculture or native wild Olea in eastern Maghreb: new pollen data from the sebkha-lagoon Halk el Menjel (Hergla, Central Tunisia) Abstract: Pollen analyses from the sebkha-lagoon Halk El Menjel document the vegetation history in Central Tunisia, linked to climate change since the Middle Holocene. Steppes are the main biomes developed under semi-arid conditions between 4965 ± 35 and 3410 ± 40 BP. At 4365 ± 50 BP Pistacia is replaced by Olea and high representation of Olea pollen grains are reported between 4365 ± 50 and 3410 ± 40 BP, illustrating a humid episode at the Mid-to-Late Holocene transition. Thus, the semi-arid area of Central Tunisia could correspond to the native biome for oleasters at the beginning of the Late Holocene. Early olive cultivation is not yet evidenced in the Neolithic sites of the eastern Maghreb, and the Phoenicians are assumed to have introduced olive cultivars in Tunisia. However, an early cultivation of Olea from local native oleaster and dissemination of native cultivars in Central Tunisia can be hypothesised even if it has to be still demonstrated with further archaeological and archaeobotanical evidences. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 265-273 Issue: 3 Volume: 20 Year: 2015 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000046 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000046 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:20:y:2015:i:3:p:265-273 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Robin Bendrey Author-X-Name-First: Robin Author-X-Name-Last: Bendrey Author-Name: Amy Richardson Author-X-Name-First: Amy Author-X-Name-Last: Richardson Author-Name: Sarah Elliott Author-X-Name-First: Sarah Author-X-Name-Last: Elliott Author-Name: Jade Whitlam Author-X-Name-First: Jade Author-X-Name-Last: Whitlam Title: Environmental archaeologies of Neolithisation: Old World case studies Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 221-224 Issue: 3 Volume: 20 Year: 2015 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631415Y.0000000020 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631415Y.0000000020 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:20:y:2015:i:3:p:221-224 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yijie Zhuang Author-X-Name-First: Yijie Author-X-Name-Last: Zhuang Title: Neolithisation in North China: Landscape and geoarchaeological perspectives Abstract: Multi-disciplinary research in different parts of the world has demonstrated that neolithisation or the establishment of the ‘neolithic’ way of life, including economy, settlement, landscape management and ideology, was a lengthy process. In North China, this prolonged neolithisation is characterised by ecological diversity and increasing landscape management throughout the Terminal Palaeolithic to the Early Neolithic. Geoarchaeology is a crucial subject for the improvement of a better understanding of long-term interaction between landscape change and cultural evolution. This paper presents brief summaries of geoarchaeological surveys in the Chinese Loess Plateau and the Lower Yellow River, reviews recent archaeological discoveries dating to the Terminal Palaeolithic to the Early Neolithic in the same and related areas from the geoarchaeological perspective and discusses the different roles that the environment played in the neolithisation process in various areas. The conclusions are: (a) there is an enhanced engagement between people and the landscape during the Pleistocene–Holocene transitional period and (b) the ecological diversity and continuing mobility of archaeological cultures during the Early Holocene were critical for the transition to the Neolithic. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 251-264 Issue: 3 Volume: 20 Year: 2015 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000047 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000047 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:20:y:2015:i:3:p:251-264 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ingrid Iversen Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid Author-X-Name-Last: Iversen Title: The molluscs of Bestansur, Iraqi Kurdistan: A case study of Early Holocene Helix salomonica exploitation in the Zagros Abstract: Molluscs have been found at a number of Neolithic sites in the Zagros and interpreted as a food source, and are also ubiquitous in the archaeological material from the site of Bestansur in Iraqi Kurdistan. The Helix salomonica recovered at the site in significant numbers display a high degree of uniformity in size and were found in association with cultural material and features, supporting the conclusion that they represent anthropogenic material. However, molluscs are unlikely to have been more than a supplemental and possibly seasonal food resource; molluscs produce much waste and the resilience and visibility of shells in the archaeological record is out of proportion to their food value, when compared with the remains of other food sources. In order to understand how the activities of gathering, cooking, eating and discard of molluscs were organised, the results from the excavations are combined with ethnoarchaeological and experimental investigations, from the Zagros and beyond. The results show that the activities related to molluscs were communal, with cooking and eating taking place in external spaces. The debris was discarded in distinct areas indicating the site-wide organisation of space. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 239-250 Issue: 3 Volume: 20 Year: 2015 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631415Y.0000000023 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631415Y.0000000023 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:20:y:2015:i:3:p:239-250 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sarah Elliott Author-X-Name-First: Sarah Author-X-Name-Last: Elliott Author-Name: Robin Bendrey Author-X-Name-First: Robin Author-X-Name-Last: Bendrey Author-Name: Jade Whitlam Author-X-Name-First: Jade Author-X-Name-Last: Whitlam Author-Name: Kamal Rauf Aziz Author-X-Name-First: Kamal Rauf Author-X-Name-Last: Aziz Author-Name: Jane Evans Author-X-Name-First: Jane Author-X-Name-Last: Evans Title: Preliminary ethnoarchaeological research on modern animal husbandry in Bestansur, Iraqi Kurdistan: Integrating animal, plant and environmental data Abstract: This paper presents preliminary results from an ethnoarchaeological study of animal husbandry in the modern village of Bestansur, situated in the lower Zagros Mountains of Iraqi Kurdistan. This research explores how modern families use and manage their livestock within the local landscape and identifies traces of this use. The aim is to provide the groundwork for future archaeological investigations focusing on the nearby Neolithic site of Bestansur. This is based on the premise that modern behaviours can suggest testable patterns for past practices within the same functional and ecological domains. Semi-structured interviews conducted with villagers from several households provided large amounts of information on modern behaviours that helped direct data collection, and which also illustrate notable shifts in practices and use of the local landscape over time. Strontium isotope analysis of modern plant material demonstrates that a measurable variation exists between the alluvial floodplain and the lower foothills, while analysis of modern dung samples shows clear variation between sheep/goat and cow dung, in terms of numbers of faecal spherulites. These results are specific to the local environment of Bestansur and can be used for evaluating and contextualising archaeological evidence as well as providing modern reference material for comparative purposes. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 283-303 Issue: 3 Volume: 20 Year: 2015 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000025 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000025 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:20:y:2015:i:3:p:283-303 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Muge Sevketoglu Author-X-Name-First: Muge Author-X-Name-Last: Sevketoglu Author-Name: Ian Hanson Author-X-Name-First: Ian Author-X-Name-Last: Hanson Title: Akanthou-Arkosykos, a ninth Millenium BC coastal settlement in Cyprus Abstract: The site of Akanthou-Arkosykos, also known as Tatlısu-Çiftlikdüzü, (henceforth Akanthou) located on the north coast of Cyprus, been dated to Early Aceramic Neolithic or Cypro-PPNB/MPPNB 8200–7700 BC. It has been revealed as one of the most important early Aceramic Neolithic sites on Cyprus. Rescue excavations since 2000 were undertaken to assess the site and protect it from agricultural damage and threats from construction. The site is now a scheduled monument protected under the Antiquities law. Despite plough and other agricultural damage there is excellent preservation. The excavations have revealed six buildings of stone and mud brick architecture with round and rectilinear features and painted plastered walls and plaster floors. These are enclosed by a wide ditch to the south of the settlement. This feature contains hundreds of individual deposits reflecting the life of a sedentary community and evidence for human exploitation of marine life, domesticated plants and a variety of domestic and semi-domesticated animals. Obsidian finds numbering in excess of 4000 pieces represents the highest number of such finds from Cyprus so far. They have been demonstrated to be of central Anatolian origin and appear to have come to the site as finished products. Akanthou is 40 miles across the sea from the Anatolian mainland and is possibly a key-site that can answer questions regarding the origin of early settlers as well as early domestication and trade in Cyprus. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 225-238 Issue: 3 Volume: 20 Year: 2015 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631415Y.0000000018 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631415Y.0000000018 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:20:y:2015:i:3:p:225-238 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aurélie Salavert Author-X-Name-First: Aurélie Author-X-Name-Last: Salavert Author-Name: Erwan Messager Author-X-Name-First: Erwan Author-X-Name-Last: Messager Author-Name: Giedre Motuzaite-Matuzeviciute Author-X-Name-First: Giedre Author-X-Name-Last: Motuzaite-Matuzeviciute Author-Name: Vincent Lebreton Author-X-Name-First: Vincent Author-X-Name-Last: Lebreton Author-Name: Grégory Bayle Author-X-Name-First: Grégory Author-X-Name-Last: Bayle Author-Name: Laurent Crépin Author-X-Name-First: Laurent Author-X-Name-Last: Crépin Author-Name: Simon Puaud Author-X-Name-First: Simon Author-X-Name-Last: Puaud Author-Name: Stéphane Péan Author-X-Name-First: Stéphane Author-X-Name-Last: Péan Author-Name: Masayoshi Yamada Author-X-Name-First: Masayoshi Author-X-Name-Last: Yamada Author-Name: Aleksander Yanevich Author-X-Name-First: Aleksander Author-X-Name-Last: Yanevich Title: First results of archaeobotanical analysis from Neolithic layers of Buran Kaya IV (Crimea, Ukraine) Abstract: This paper contributes to understand the palaeoenvironment and the exploitation of vegetal resources during the Mid-Holocene in the southern Crimean Mountains. To address these questions, we apply a multi-proxy approach based on charcoal, seeds/fruits and phytoliths analyses from Neolithic layers (5800–5300 cal BC) of Buran-Kaya IV, a rock-shelter located in the south of Crimean Peninsula. Charcoal analysis shows that the Neolithic groups have exploited the Quercus petraeae forest belt composed mainly of Quercus, Carpinus and Acer. The identification of Fagus and a fragment of gymnosperm, which developed in upland areas, suggests the mobility of inhabitants of BK IV. According seed and phytolith analyses, it is more likely that the Neolithic groups did not practice agriculture on the site, and that their diet was not based on crop production. Furthermore, considering the probable absence of domestic animals in the layer 2, the economy may essentially be based on hunting-gathering at Buran Kaya IV. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 274-282 Issue: 3 Volume: 20 Year: 2015 Month: 8 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631413Y.0000000016 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631413Y.0000000016 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:20:y:2015:i:3:p:274-282 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ferenc Gyulai Author-X-Name-First: Ferenc Author-X-Name-Last: Gyulai Author-Name: László Szolnoki Author-X-Name-First: László Author-X-Name-Last: Szolnoki Author-Name: Zoltán Rózsa Author-X-Name-First: Zoltán Author-X-Name-Last: Rózsa Author-Name: Máté Merkl Author-X-Name-First: Máté Author-X-Name-Last: Merkl Author-Name: Ákos Pető Author-X-Name-First: Ákos Author-X-Name-Last: Pető Title: Plant Based Subsistence Strategy of the Medieval Ishmaelite (12th–13th c.) Population in the Carpathian Basin (NE-Hungary) Abstract: During the excavation carried out at the outskirts of Hajdúböszörmény (NE-Hungary) in 2011, the remains of a 12–13th century settlement were brought to light. Linguistic and historical research has previously presumed that one of the main centres of medieval Hungary’s Muslim (Ishmaelites) population is located in the northern-eastern part of the Great Hungarian Plain. At Hajdúböszörmény–Téglagyár ‘2’ archaeological site several household units were systematically sampled for archaeobotanical analysis. The recovered ceramics differ from the known ceramic production of the Árpád Age, whereas significant differences were detected in the zooarchaeological assemblage, too. The archaeobotanical record, representing 23 features, consists of 2679 items of charred macro-botanical remains that belong to 54 taxa. The record is predominated by the presence of cereals among which rye (Secale cereale L. subsp. cereale) and common barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) are the most frequent. Besides the dominance of cereals, pulses and vegetables, as well as gathered fruit remains were identified. By the comparison of results to other Árpád Age sites, we assume that the revealed ethno-archaeobotanical information identifies a population that used similar plant resources, but in a different way and strategy than the known Christian population of the Carpathian Basin. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 229-247 Issue: 3 Volume: 24 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1397872 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1397872 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:24:y:2019:i:3:p:229-247 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ivana Vostrovská Author-X-Name-First: Ivana Author-X-Name-Last: Vostrovská Author-Name: Jarmila Bíšková Author-X-Name-First: Jarmila Author-X-Name-Last: Bíšková Author-Name: Hana Lukšíková Author-X-Name-First: Hana Author-X-Name-Last: Lukšíková Author-Name: Petr Kočár Author-X-Name-First: Petr Author-X-Name-Last: Kočár Author-Name: Romana Kočárová Author-X-Name-First: Romana Author-X-Name-Last: Kočárová Title: The Environment and Subsistence of the Early Neolithic Settlement Area at Těšetice-Kyjovice, Czech Republic Abstract: This paper presents a reconstruction of environmental conditions and subsistence strategies in the Early Neolithic (6th Millenium BC) settlement area at Těšetice-Kyjovice (Czech Republic). Our detailed reconstruction of the environment contributes to the unravelling of the genesis and spread of steppes and the formation of secondary anthropogenic forest-free areas in the Holocene in eastern-Central Europe. Mollusc shells, charcoals and plant macroremains were used as on-site evidence of a settlement environment. A relatively warm and dry anthropogenic forest-free area is reconstructed for the immediate vicinity of the Early Neolithic settlement. Communities of mixed deciduous forests are recorded in the surroundings of the settlement. Plant macroremains reflect the characteristic Neolithic range of cultivated plants (e.g. Triticum monococcum, Triticum dicoccon, Lens culinaris and Pisum sativum). Papaver somniferum seeds were also found, possibly constituting the oldest evidence of its presence and cultivation in the territory of the Czech Republic. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 248-262 Issue: 3 Volume: 24 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1424981 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1424981 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:24:y:2019:i:3:p:248-262 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eleanor Williams Author-X-Name-First: Eleanor Author-X-Name-Last: Williams Author-Name: Jaco Weinstock Author-X-Name-First: Jaco Author-X-Name-Last: Weinstock Author-Name: Neal Spencer Author-X-Name-First: Neal Author-X-Name-Last: Spencer Title: Holey Goats: Multiple Cases of Supratrochlear Foramina in the Humerus of Caprines from the New Kingdom Pharaonic Town of Amara West, Northern Sudan Abstract: Supratrochlear foramina (STF) were recorded in fifteen per cent of goat and sheep/goat humeri from the New Kingdom pharaonic town of Amara West, in modern northern Sudan. To the authors’ knowledge, this trait has never before been reported in the published literature for goats or sheep, whether from archaeological or modern contexts. The aim of this work is twofold: to contribute to the growing corpus of studies addressing the incidence and aetiology of STF, and to raise awareness for their possible presence in caprines, thus encouraging their identification and recording in archaeological assemblages. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 263-268 Issue: 3 Volume: 24 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1412005 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1412005 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:24:y:2019:i:3:p:263-268 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paloma Vidal-Matutano Author-X-Name-First: Paloma Author-X-Name-Last: Vidal-Matutano Author-Name: Ruth Blasco Author-X-Name-First: Ruth Author-X-Name-Last: Blasco Author-Name: Pablo Sañudo Author-X-Name-First: Pablo Author-X-Name-Last: Sañudo Author-Name: Josep Fernández Peris Author-X-Name-First: Josep Author-X-Name-Last: Fernández Peris Title: The Anthropogenic Use of Firewood During the European Middle Pleistocene: Charcoal Evidence from Levels XIII and XI of Bolomor Cave, Eastern Iberia (230–160 ka) Abstract: Human control of fire is a widely debated issue in the field of Palaeolithic archaeology, since it involved significant technological innovations for human subsistence. Although fire evidence has been the subject of intense debate regarding its natural or anthropogenic nature, most authors agree that combustion structures represent the most direct evidence of human control of fire. Wood charcoal fragments from these contexts represent the fuel remains that result from humans’ collection of firewood, which means they can reveal significant behavioural and palaeoenvironmental information relevant to our understanding of Middle Palaeolithic societies. In this work, we present anthracological data derived from combustion structure 2 (level XIII, ca. 230 ka, MIS 7) and combustion structure 4 (level XI, ca. 160 ka, MIS 6) from Bolomor Cave, which are chronologically among the earliest combustion structures found in Europe. The present work discusses how the presence of black pine and / or scots pine in both levels sheds light on the characterisation of the local landscape. Additional analyses focussing on the pre- and post-depositional processes affecting charcoal preservation point to biodegradation patterns. The aim of this work is to provide the first discussion concerning the anthracological data derived from Bolomor Cave in order to contribute to the general debate regarding the use of fire during the European Middle Pleistocene. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 269-284 Issue: 3 Volume: 24 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1406026 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1406026 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:24:y:2019:i:3:p:269-284 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Matilde Arnay-de-la-Rosa Author-X-Name-First: Matilde Author-X-Name-Last: Arnay-de-la-Rosa Author-Name: Carlos García-Ávila Author-X-Name-First: Carlos Author-X-Name-Last: García-Ávila Author-Name: Efraín Marrero-Salas Author-X-Name-First: Efraín Author-X-Name-Last: Marrero-Salas Author-Name: Constantino Criado-Hernández Author-X-Name-First: Constantino Author-X-Name-Last: Criado-Hernández Author-Name: Emilio González-Reimers Author-X-Name-First: Emilio Author-X-Name-Last: González-Reimers Title: Footpaths Marked by Changes in Geological Clasts as Indicators of Mobility in Tenerife, Canary Islands Abstract: Studies on the mobility of past populations are useful in the interpretation of trade and lifestyle. Preservation of ancient paths is uncommon. In Tenerife, a volcanic island of the Canary Archipelago, ancient paths are still preserved, due to the dry climatic conditions and the presence of extensive lava fields in inhospitable areas of the Island. The Guanches who inhabited this island before the Spanish conquest, those surviving in the highlands after the conquest, and modern goatherders, utilised a still identifiable net of paths to access the central mountains. Clasts in the beds of these paths have suffered variable abrasion, depending on the time during which the path was used and on the number of people and/or animals that have walked on it. We estimated roundness of 1819 clasts collected at different parts of the net of paths crossing different lava fields of known antiquity. Significant differences in roundness of clasts among different parts of the paths allowed an inference about the relative importance of each of the paths constituting the net. Therefore, assessment of roundness of the clasts of the beds of paths may aid in the understanding of the migrations of people. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 285-293 Issue: 3 Volume: 24 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1415120 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1415120 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:24:y:2019:i:3:p:285-293 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christina M. Giovas Author-X-Name-First: Christina M. Author-X-Name-Last: Giovas Title: The Beasts At Large – Perennial Questions and New Paradigms for Caribbean Translocation Research. Part II: Mammalian Introductions in Cultural Context Abstract: Looking to clarify outstanding questions about human-animal dynamics in the pre-Columbian Caribbean, archaeologists have recently renewed investigation into the sociocultural context of mammal translocations to the islands. In this second instalment of a three-article series, I examine Amerindian ethnophoresy, that is, the process of anthropogenic species dispersal and its associated cultural practices, drawing on archaeological, ethnographic, and ethnohistoric evidence. Building on the ethnozoogeographic baselines established in Part I, I consider the tangible and intangible roles of introduced mammals, with particular attention given to subsistence, status, symbolic and ritual dimensions. I discuss enduring speculation over the management and incipient domestication of these species and its broader significance. Collectively, these topics are important because they inform explanation of the cause, extent and consequences of non-native animal introductions and allow us to understand translocation as an adaptive response to the natural and cultural environment. I conclude that resolution of the managed/domesticated status of non-native animals, in particular, constitutes the most critical research area in Caribbean ethnophoresy since this bears directly on the environmental impact and ecological legacy of mammal introductions in the region. This last topic is addressed in Part III of the series. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 294-305 Issue: 3 Volume: 24 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1470211 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1470211 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:24:y:2019:i:3:p:294-305 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sergio Jiménez-Manchón Author-X-Name-First: Sergio Author-X-Name-Last: Jiménez-Manchón Author-Name: Sílvia Valenzuela-Lamas Author-X-Name-First: Sílvia Author-X-Name-Last: Valenzuela-Lamas Author-Name: Isabel Cáceres Author-X-Name-First: Isabel Author-X-Name-Last: Cáceres Author-Name: Hèctor Orengo Author-X-Name-First: Hèctor Author-X-Name-Last: Orengo Author-Name: Armelle Gardeisen Author-X-Name-First: Armelle Author-X-Name-Last: Gardeisen Author-Name: Daniel López Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Author-X-Name-Last: López Author-Name: Florent Rivals Author-X-Name-First: Florent Author-X-Name-Last: Rivals Title: Reconstruction of Caprine Management and Landscape Use Through Dental Microwear Analysis: The Case of the Iron Age Site of El Turó de la Font de la Canya (Barcelona, Spain) Abstract: This paper presents the results of a pilot study using dental microwear analysis on 23 sheep and goat teeth dated to the 6th century BC from the Iron Age site of El Turó Font de la Canya (Barcelona, Spain). This study aimed to reconstruct livestock management practices and landscape use. The dental microwear pattern indicates that sheep and goats could have been grazing in the same area where vegetation was composed of shrubs, bushes and non-graminaceous plants on an eroded landscape, although additional supplies of fodder cannot be excluded. This scenario is compatible with the archaeological and palaeoenvironmental data which suggest a possibly increased territoriality, land degradation and an increase of woodland clearance during Iron Age in the North-east of the Iberian Peninsula. Furthermore, we applied two recent microwear approaches which provide more information about mortality events and the possibility of distinguishing between an intensive and extensive management. This paper demonstrates how this method can be used to better understand animal husbandry practices and landscape use in Late Prehistory. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 306-316 Issue: 3 Volume: 24 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1486274 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1486274 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:24:y:2019:i:3:p:306-316 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tamer Koralay Author-X-Name-First: Tamer Author-X-Name-Last: Koralay Author-Name: Mehmet Oruç Baykara Author-X-Name-First: Mehmet Oruç Author-X-Name-Last: Baykara Author-Name: Kıymet Deniz Author-X-Name-First: Kıymet Author-X-Name-Last: Deniz Author-Name: Yusuf Kağan Kadioğlu Author-X-Name-First: Yusuf Kağan Author-X-Name-Last: Kadioğlu Author-Name: Bahadır Duman Author-X-Name-First: Bahadır Author-X-Name-Last: Duman Author-Name: Chuan-Chou Shen Author-X-Name-First: Chuan-Chou Author-X-Name-Last: Shen Title: Multi-Isotope Investigations for Scientific Characterisation and Provenance Implication of Banded Travertines from Tripolis Antique City (Denizli–Turkey) Abstract: The coloured stones used in buildings and monuments were an indicator of power and wealth during the ancient times. In this study, Tripolis city samples have been compared with Tripolis quarry samples in order to recognise the provenance of the banded travertine blocks in the ancient city. The banded travertine samples have similar mineral compositions and mainly consist of calcite with minor amounts of dolomite, aragonite, clay and iron oxide minerals. These results are also supported by CRS studies. Calcite is in the form of needle-shaped crystals ranging between 0.163–1.418 mm (in city) and 0.303–1.270 mm (in quarry). Tripolis banded travertine samples show the similar compositional spread in terms of major oxide, trace elements. δ13CV-PDB values of banded travertines range from 1.93 to 5.25‰ (in city) and 2.99 to 3.99‰ (in quarry), δ18OV-PDB values change between (−16.93)–(−10.08) ‰ and (−15.93)–(−13.01)‰, respectively. The U–Th radiometric ages are determined between ∼267 and 9 ka in Tripolis city samples and ∼350 and 2 ka in Tripolis quarry samples. The minero-petrographic, geochemical, C–O and U–Th isotope results fairly matched with each other. It seems highly probable that the banded travertines in Tripolis city were extracted from the Tripolis quarry, which is located at the northeast of the antique city with a distance of 3 km. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 317-336 Issue: 3 Volume: 24 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1498164 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1498164 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:24:y:2019:i:3:p:317-336 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Corrigendum Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 337-337 Issue: 3 Volume: 24 Year: 2019 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1416746 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1416746 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:24:y:2019:i:3:p:337-337 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eli-Christine Soltvedt Author-X-Name-First: Eli-Christine Author-X-Name-Last: Soltvedt Title: Carbonised Cereal from Three Late Neolithic and Two Early Bronze Age Sites in Western Norway Abstract: Carbonised cereals were found in three Late Neolithic and two Early Bronze Age sites in western Norway. One site, Hjelle is located in northwestern Norway with no close connection to the sea. The Skrivarhelleren site is located in the mountains of the inner Sognefjord. The Voll, Sørbø and Ystabø sites are located on two islands in the middle of a fjord area north of Stavanger, SW Norway. Primarily Hordeum vulgare var. nudum (naked barley) were found. A few grains of Hordeum vulgare (hulled barley) were present in samples from two of the sites. Triticum dicoccum (emmer), Triticum sp. (wheat) and remains of collected plants were also found. The data produced for this article showed that by the end of the Neolithic/beginning of the Bronze Age there must have been an established agricultural economy in parts of western Norway. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 49-62 Issue: 1 Volume: 5 Year: 2000 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2000.5.1.49 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2000.5.1.49 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:5:y:2000:i:1:p:49-62 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Murphy Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Murphy Author-Name: Umberto Albarella Author-X-Name-First: Umberto Author-X-Name-Last: Albarella Author-Name: Mark Germany Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Germany Author-Name: Alison Locker Author-X-Name-First: Alison Author-X-Name-Last: Locker Title: Production, Imports and Status: Biological Remains from a Late Roman Farm at Great Holts Farm, Boreham, Essex, UK Abstract: Botanical and faunal remains from a 3rd–4th century AD Roman farm at the modern Great Holts Farm, Boreham have provided a picture of an agricultural system based predominantly on arable production. Agrarian innovation is evinced by the bones of exceptionally large cattle which, it is suggested, may have been imported as powerful tractors so as to exploit heavy clay soils more effectively. Although the farm house was a vernacular timber building, lacking decorative refinements, the occupants were affluent: they had the resources to consume imported plant foods and preserved fish, and to enjoy recreations including hunting and, probably, hawking (or some other form of hunting with tamed raptors). Architectural pretension was not the only way to express affluence and status in the countryside of late Roman Britain; structural remains are only one indication of prosperity. Biological evidence for economy, diet and life-style can be equally significant. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 35-48 Issue: 1 Volume: 5 Year: 2000 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2000.5.1.35 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2000.5.1.35 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:5:y:2000:i:1:p:35-48 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cynthia Zutter Author-X-Name-First: Cynthia Author-X-Name-Last: Zutter Title: Wood and Plant-use in 17th–19th Century Iceland: Archaeobotanical Analysis of Reykholt, Western Iceland Abstract: As part of a multidisciplinary investigation of post-medieval Icelandic land and plant use practices, archaeobotanical samples were collected from Reykholt, west Iceland in 1988 and 1989. Analyses included plant macrofossils (seeds and leaves) and wood identification from excavated rooms in a 17th century farm house. In conjunction with earlier palaeoentomological studies, the functions of three different excavated rooms are inferred. Archaeobotanical results suggest that the farm was a prosperous one, with imported foodstuffs and wood implements from continental Europe. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 73-82 Issue: 1 Volume: 5 Year: 2000 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2000.5.1.73 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2000.5.1.73 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:5:y:2000:i:1:p:73-82 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vijay Sathe Author-X-Name-First: Vijay Author-X-Name-Last: Sathe Title: Enamel Ultrastructure of Cattle from the Quaternary Period in India Abstract: The present paper examines tooth enamel of three species of cattle, Bos acutifrons, Bos namadicus and Bos indicus, which are supposed to have been phylogenetically related and belong to the Quaternary period. It aims to show whether in a short geological time span of 2myrs, the changing environs that cattle were exposed to during the Early Holocene have caused any microstructural changes in their tooth enamel.Mammalian teeth exhibit a very complex arrangement of prisms in the enamel. The prisms are bundles of hydroxyapatite crystallites, arrangement of which is genetically determined and subject to evolutionary change. Hypsodonty or high crowned molars are such examples where concomitant masticatory stress factors near the enamel-dentin junction (EDJ) are known to have affected and altered the enamel microstructure in several large mammalian genera. Modified radial enamel in the deep enamel layer in some ungulates, including cattle, is an adaptive response to these stress factors which appeared much earlier (Tertiary) in the evolutionary history of these large mammals.The cattle enamel analysed here revealed several levels of structural complexity indicating its functional designations. The schmelzmuster in cattle are formed of three enamel types: radial enamel (outer enamel), Hunter-Schreger Bands (mid enamel), and modified radial enamel (inner enamel). There is an increase through time in the percentage of Hunter-Schreger Bands (HSB), which cover up to about 68% of the entire enamel surface among recent cattle. The modified radial enamel and radial enamel do have a receding trend in the Holocene, compared to their Pleistocene ancestors. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 107-115 Issue: 1 Volume: 5 Year: 2000 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2000.5.1.107 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2000.5.1.107 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:5:y:2000:i:1:p:107-115 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andrew J. Dugmore Author-X-Name-First: Andrew J. Author-X-Name-Last: Dugmore Author-Name: Anthony J. Newton Author-X-Name-First: Anthony J. Author-X-Name-Last: Newton Author-Name: Guðrún Larsen Author-X-Name-First: Guðrún Author-X-Name-Last: Larsen Author-Name: Gordon T. Cook Author-X-Name-First: Gordon T. Author-X-Name-Last: Cook Title: Tephrochronology, Environmental Change and the Norse Settlement of Iceland Abstract: The first human impacts on the Icelandic environment came with the Norse colonisation or Landnám of the ninth century AD. The colonisation represents a fundamental environmental change that is both rapid and profound. In this paper we assess geomorphological dimensions of the initial settlement period using a tephrochronology that includes the Landnám Tephra, erupted ca. 870 AD, two tenth century AD tephras KR 920 and E 935, and 11 other well dated tephra layers. We report a new 14C age of 1676 ±12 14C yr BP (cal AD 345 (400) 419) for the tephra SILK-YN which forms a key prehistoric marker horizon that constrains rates of environmental change in the centuries before Norse Settlement. Aeolian sediment accumulation rates show five geomorphological responses to settlement that differ in the rate and trajectory of change. These distinct anthropogenic signals are the result of spatially variable sensitivity to grazing and deforestation, and reflect the extent of local soil erosion. This critical erosion threshold is variable in space and time. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 21-34 Issue: 1 Volume: 5 Year: 2000 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2000.5.1.21 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2000.5.1.21 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:5:y:2000:i:1:p:21-34 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reviewers Author-X-Name-First: Author-X-Name-Last: Title: Book Reviews Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 121-128 Issue: 1 Volume: 5 Year: 2000 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2000.5.1.121 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2000.5.1.121 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:5:y:2000:i:1:p:121-128 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Author-X-Name-First: Author-X-Name-Last: Title: Guidelines for authors Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 129-129 Issue: 1 Volume: 5 Year: 2000 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2000.5.1.129 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2000.5.1.129 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:5:y:2000:i:1:p:129-129 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Richard Thomas Author-X-Name-First: Richard Author-X-Name-Last: Thomas Author-Name: Martin Lacock Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Lacock Title: Food for the Dogs? The Consumption of Horseflesh at Dudley Castle in the Eighteenth Century Abstract: Excavations carried out at Dudley Castle recovered an assemblage of animal bones dominated by horse from the vaulted cellar beneath the Great Hall. The deposit dates to c. 1710 and appears to have been the result of partial butchery of several aged horses. The possible interpretations are discussed and it seems likely that the deposit represents the leftover waste of a knacker. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 83-91 Issue: 1 Volume: 5 Year: 2000 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2000.5.1.83 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2000.5.1.83 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:5:y:2000:i:1:p:83-91 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hervé Bocherens Author-X-Name-First: Hervé Author-X-Name-Last: Bocherens Author-Name: Marjan Mashkour Author-X-Name-First: Marjan Author-X-Name-Last: Mashkour Author-Name: Daniel Billiou Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Author-X-Name-Last: Billiou Title: Palaeoenvironmental and Archaeological Implications of Isotopic Analyses (13C, 15N) from Neolithic to Present in Qazvin Plain (Iran) Abstract: Palaeoenvironmental changes since the sixth millennium B.C. in northern Iran have been assessed through isotopic studies of archaeozoological remains from three prehistoric sites. Good quality collagen has been extracted from more than 40 bone samples from wild and domestic herbivores, boars, dogs and humans belonging to Zagheh (sixth-fifth millennium cal BC, Neolithic), Qabrestan (fourth-third millennium cal BC, Cha1colithic) and Sagzabad (second-first millennium cal BC, Iron Age). There is no clear trend in decreasing collagen content with increasing age. The carbon isotopic composition of herbivore collagen indicates mainly a consumption of C3-plants, with a significant amount of C4-plants in some individuals. The amount of consumed C4-plants is correlated to increasing δ15N, suggesting that C4-plants are linked to saline environments. The δ15N and δ13C of wild herbivores seem to decrease with decreasing age, suggesting wetter conditions in Iron Age than in Neolithic times. However, domestic herbivores do not exhibit any trend, maybe because environmental conditions linked to human activity are less variable than natural conditions. Differences in herding practices may explain isotopic differences between cattle and caprine. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 1-19 Issue: 1 Volume: 5 Year: 2000 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2000.5.1.1 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2000.5.1.1 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:5:y:2000:i:1:p:1-19 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Haskel J. Greenfield Author-X-Name-First: Haskel J. Author-X-Name-Last: Greenfield Title: The Origins of Metallurgy in the Central Balkans based on the Analysis of Cut Marks on Animal Bones Abstract: This paper presents the results of new research that makes it possible to monitor the origins and spread of metallurgy despite the absence of metal artifacts. This was accomplished by comparison of the results of experimental cut marks with cut marks on bones from prehistoric sites spanning the introduction of metal tools in the central Balkans. Experimental replication of cut marks using chipped stone tools and steel knives yielded consistent differences in morphology. This allowed the differentiation of metal from stone knife cut marks under high magnifications. Metal knives leave a very different slicing profile than stone knives. Metal knives produce a cut mark with either a sharp V- or a broad U-shaped profile, and lack any parallel ancillary striations. In contrast, stone knives leave a more irregularly shaped cut mark profile. Separated by a deep groove at the bottom, one side of the cut mark is steeply angled, while the other side has a more gradually rising slope with one or more parallel ancillary striations. Morphological differences between cut marks on animal bones made by stone and metal knives can be used to determine the rate of adoption of metal tools. In this paper, data from the central Balkans of southeast Europe are presented to demonstrate that the adoption of metallurgy was a slow and halting process. A major determinant for access to early metallurgy is status, with elites obtaining access to effective cutting metallurgy earlier than commoners. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 93-106 Issue: 1 Volume: 5 Year: 2000 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2000.5.1.93 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2000.5.1.93 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:5:y:2000:i:1:p:93-106 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mark Van Strydonck Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Van Strydonck Author-Name: Anton Ervynck Author-X-Name-First: Anton Author-X-Name-Last: Ervynck Author-Name: Cecile Baeteman Author-X-Name-First: Cecile Author-X-Name-Last: Baeteman Author-Name: An Lentacker Author-X-Name-First: An Author-X-Name-Last: Lentacker Title: 14C Dating and the Reconstruction of the Sedimentary Environment and Occupational History of Saltés (Atlantic coast, Southern Spain) Abstract: The taphonomy and chronological context of shell deposits excavated at the location of the deserted late medieval harbour town of Saltés (Atlantic Coast, Spain) were investigated. An interpretation of the depositional history of the deposits was made on the basis of radiocarbon dating and points to a multiple origin of the assemblages. Although the shell deposits are much older than the medieval site, the investigation showed that they still had an anthropogenic origin. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 63-71 Issue: 1 Volume: 5 Year: 2000 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2000.5.1.63 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2000.5.1.63 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:5:y:2000:i:1:p:63-71 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ruth Pelling Author-X-Name-First: Ruth Author-X-Name-Last: Pelling Author-Name: Mark Robinson Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Robinson Title: Saxon Emmer Wheat from the Upper and Middle Thames Valley, England Abstract: Discoveries of Triticum dicoccum (emmer wheat) on two middle Saxon settlements in the Thames Valley point to the re-introduction of this crop to Britain after the end of the Roman period. Radiocarbon determinations on charred glumes confirm the dating of the remains. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 117-119 Issue: 1 Volume: 5 Year: 2000 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2000.5.1.117 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2000.5.1.117 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:5:y:2000:i:1:p:117-119 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alan K. Outram Author-X-Name-First: Alan K. Author-X-Name-Last: Outram Title: Comparing Levels of Subsistence Stress amongst Norse Settlers in Iceland and Greenland using Levels of Bone Fat Exploitation as an Indicator Abstract: The background to the Icelandic and Greenlandic sites under investigation is outlined and prior work on the Norse economies of the two islands is discussed. The importance of fat in the diet and the use of levels of bone marrow and grease exploitation as an indicator of subsistence stress are explained. The methodology for establishing levels of bone fat exploitation is outlined. This methodology involves the detailed study of fragmentation levels of different types of bone, study of bone fracture types and many other taphonomic indicators. The results of the study are described and discussed. On Greenland, the Norse inhabitants exploited almost all available fat from land mammal bones, leaving only the ribs. It is argued that this indicates a severe level of subsistence stress amongst the Greenlanders that is most likely related to a seasonal dearth in resources. On Iceland, whilst a certain amount of bone marrow is almost certainly exploited, the settlers appear to almost totally ignore the potential to exploit bone grease. This is likely to be indicative of a much more healthy subsistence economy than on Greenland. These results are discussed in relation to differing climate, availability of good soil, fishing practices and seasonal rounds. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 119-128 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2003 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2003.8.2.119 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2003.8.2.119 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:8:y:2003:i:2:p:119-128 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yunfei Zheng Author-X-Name-First: Yunfei Author-X-Name-Last: Zheng Author-Name: Akira Matsui Author-X-Name-First: Akira Author-X-Name-Last: Matsui Author-Name: Hiroshi Fujiwara Author-X-Name-First: Hiroshi Author-X-Name-Last: Fujiwara Title: Phytoliths of Rice detected in the Neolithic Sites in the Valley of the Taihu Lake in China Abstract: In order to clarify subspecific historical changes of the cultivation rice, 80 samples containing soils, burned soils, and pottery fragments from 12 Neolithic sites around the Taihu Lake in China were analysed for phytoliths. The results show the presence of keystone phytoliths identifiable as Oryza spp. from 49 samples of the Majiabang dating from 5000BC to 3900BC, the Songze dating from 3800BC to 3500BC, and the Liangzhu dating from 3500BC to 2000BC. The phytoliths show a common trend of becoming larger and more pointed with time. The results suggest that rice (Oryza spp.) was utilised, or presumably cultivated, 7000 years ago and that Japonica rice was domesticated there. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 177-183 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2003 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2003.8.2.177 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2003.8.2.177 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:8:y:2003:i:2:p:177-183 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Allan R. Hall Author-X-Name-First: Allan R. Author-X-Name-Last: Hall Author-Name: Harry K. Kenward Author-X-Name-First: Harry K. Author-X-Name-Last: Kenward Author-Name: Jane M. McCamish Author-X-Name-First: Jane M. Author-X-Name-Last: McCamish Title: Pattern in Thinly-Distributed Plant and Invertebrate Macrofossils revealed by Extensive Analysis of Occupation Deposits at Low Fisher Gate, Doncaster, U.K. Abstract: Urban archaeological deposits of 11th-18th century date from an excavation in Doncaster were subjected to an extensive survey of macrofossil plant and animal remains. For the most part, the deposits contained few remains but the strategy adopted proved useful in revealing repeated occurrence of certain kinds of fossils. These were used to make deductions concerning various aspects of the nature of the occupation of the site. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 129-144 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2003 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2003.8.2.129 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2003.8.2.129 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:8:y:2003:i:2:p:129-144 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Louise H. van Wijngaarden-Bakker Author-X-Name-First: Louise H. Author-X-Name-Last: van Wijngaarden-Bakker Author-Name: Kees D. Troostheide Author-X-Name-First: Kees D. Author-X-Name-Last: Troostheide Title: Bones and Eggs. The Archaeological Presence of the Grass Snake Natrix natrix (L.) in The Netherlands Abstract: In this paper we draw attention to numerous recent finds of bones and eggs of the grass snake Natrix natrix (L.) from the Netherlands. The presence of portions of the vertebral column without the skull suggests human use of the skin and meat. At least 13 sites dated between the late Iron Age and the Roman period have produced finds of one to 40 eggs. None of the eggs seem to have hatched. The finds can be linked to agricultural activities and the presence of a surplus of manure. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 111-118 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2003 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2003.8.2.111 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2003.8.2.111 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:8:y:2003:i:2:p:111-118 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wim Kuijper Author-X-Name-First: Wim Author-X-Name-Last: Kuijper Author-Name: Martijn Manders Author-X-Name-First: Martijn Author-X-Name-Last: Manders Title: South American Palm Seeds (Orbignya sp.) in Dutch Shipwrecks Abstract: In this note we report the discovery of some palm seeds (Orbignya sp.) from three shipwrecks in the Netherlands. They all date from the second half of the 17th century. Some palm seeds, published as Attalea funifera, were already known from the Dutch coast. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 185-187 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2003 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2003.8.2.185 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2003.8.2.185 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:8:y:2003:i:2:p:185-187 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Author-X-Name-First: Author-X-Name-Last: Title: Guidelines for authors Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 193-193 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2003 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2003.8.2.193 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2003.8.2.193 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:8:y:2003:i:2:p:193-193 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alexandru Mihail Florian Tomescu Author-X-Name-First: Alexandru Mihail Florian Author-X-Name-Last: Tomescu Author-Name: Valentin Radu Author-X-Name-First: Valentin Author-X-Name-Last: Radu Author-Name: Dragos Moise Author-X-Name-First: Dragos Author-X-Name-Last: Moise Title: High Resolution Stratigraphic Distribution of Coprolites within Eneolithic Middens, a Case Study: Hârsova-Tell (Constanta County, Southeast Romania) Abstract: Quantitative distribution of coprolites, fish bones and mammal bones recovered by wet screening from an Eneolithic midden at Hârsova-tell (southeast Romania) is surveyed within a high resolution stratigraphic framework. The coprolites, all containing bone fragments, are attributed to carnivores/omnivores: dog, pig, man. Highly significant correlation (Spearman's coefficient of rank correlation rs = 0.46, P < 0.0001) between coprolite distribution and the seasonality-related fish bone distribution suggests that seasonality controls the stratigraphic distribution of coprolites recovered by wet screening within middens. Periods of high fish bone input into the midden, correlated with frequent coprolite occurrences, correspond to the warm season (late spring to early autumn). Assessment of potential factors controlling coprolite distribution within the midden suggests that sections of high coprolite concentration reflect preservation of faeces until embedding in sediments, and/or rapid embedding of faeces. Preservation of faeces is favored by dry periods, characteristic of the summer season in the highly continental climate of the region. Rain, freeze-thaw cycles or other wet season processes favor faeces disintegration. Our results suggest that the stratigraphic distribution of coprolites obtained by wet screening may represent an indicator of seasonality in middens. Additional studies are needed to better characterise this relationship and refine interpretations. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 97-109 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2003 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2003.8.2.97 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2003.8.2.97 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:8:y:2003:i:2:p:97-109 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reviewers Author-X-Name-First: Author-X-Name-Last: Title: Book Reviews Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 188-192 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2003 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2003.8.2.188 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2003.8.2.188 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:8:y:2003:i:2:p:188-192 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Earle Robinson Author-X-Name-First: David Earle Author-X-Name-Last: Robinson Title: Neolithic and Bronze Age Agriculture in Southern Scandinavia – Recent Archaeobotanical Evidence from Denmark Abstract: This paper presents archaeobotanical studies from the Danish regions of Thy, northern Schleswig and Djursland. The data are discussed in the light of developments in the landscape and in house architecture; comparisons are made with the contemporary situation in southern Sweden. Pollen analysis reveals that Thy was more or less treeless by the end of the Neolithic, whereas Djursland maintained its forests for a further 1500 years; the situation in northern Schleswig lies somewhere in between. Developments in house architecture are very similar in the three areas. The shift from two-aisled to three-aisled houses occurred in period I/II of the Bronze Age and phosphate analyses suggest that the earliest Danish byre dates from the beginning of period II.Crop plant assemblages are dominated by naked barley and emmer and remain remarkably stable from the Single Grave Culture to the Late Bronze Age in Thy, from the Middle Neolithic to the middle of the Bronze Age in northern Schleswig, and from the Late Neolithic to the Late Bronze Age on Djursland. Other crops come and go – einkorn, bread wheat, spelt, millet, flax, oats and gold of pleasure. Hulled barley is largely conspicuous by its absence. Well-developed arable weed floras appear first in the Early Bronze Age – arable weeds are very scarce at Neolithic sites. There is evidence of improvement of arable soils using fen peat and household refuse and manure. The situation appears somewhat more complex in Denmark than that described for Sweden. The most striking difference is seen in the behaviour of hulled barley, which becomes massively dominant in Sweden in the course of the Bronze Age, whereas its role in Denmark is much more modest. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 145-165 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2003 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2003.8.2.145 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2003.8.2.145 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:8:y:2003:i:2:p:145-165 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andrew Stephen Fairbairn Author-X-Name-First: Andrew Stephen Author-X-Name-Last: Fairbairn Title: Technical Notes on the Preparation of Leaf and Epidermis Specimens for Reference Collections and Archaeobotanical Investigations Abstract: Technical notes are provided for the preparation of reference specimens and archaeological specimens of leaves and epidermis fragments (including cuticles) for transmitted light microscopy. Equipment requirements, logistical considerations and processing steps are outlined and a method of clearing, staining and mounting is described and evaluated. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 167-175 Issue: 2 Volume: 8 Year: 2003 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2003.8.2.167 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2003.8.2.167 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:8:y:2003:i:2:p:167-175 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Harry Kenward Author-X-Name-First: Harry Author-X-Name-Last: Kenward Title: Do Insect Remains from Historic-Period Archaeological Occupation Sites Track Climate Change in Northern England? Abstract: Remains of true bugs (Heteroptera) and beetles (Coleoptera) from archaeological occupation deposits of the past two millennia appear to provide evidence that temperatures in northern England in the 1st–4th and 9th–15th centuries AD were 1–2 C higher than those of the mid-20th century. It is argued that, although they derive from artificial conditions, if used appropriately the abundant records from occupation sites represent an important source of local terrestrial palaeoclimatic information which is easily available in the short term, though confirmatory data from natural deposits should also be sought. The potential of the bugs (Hemiptera) is particularly emphasised. The recent return to the north of some species presumed to have been driven south in the 'Little Ice Age' is discussed. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 47-59 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2004 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2004.9.1.47 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2004.9.1.47 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:9:y:2004:i:1:p:47-59 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christopher J. Knüsel Author-X-Name-First: Christopher J. Author-X-Name-Last: Knüsel Author-Name: Alan K. Outram Author-X-Name-First: Alan K. Author-X-Name-Last: Outram Title: Fragmentation: The Zonation Method Applied to Fragmented Human Remains from Archaeological and Forensic Contexts Abstract: Scattered and commingled human and animal remains are commonly encountered on archaeological sites, and this contextual relationship begs the question of whether human and animals were treated in a similar manner before burial. The recording system presented here provides a means by which to confront problems of equifinality – that is, when taphonomic alterations create apparently similar patterns and, therefore, confuse behavioural inferences drawn from them. This method hinges on a standardised representation of the zones on human skeletal elements that allow comparison with those described by Dobney and Rielly (1988) for animal remains. It is anticipated that the anatomical descriptions in combination with the zone drawings presented will aid others to apply the method generally across skeletal assemblages of any date. This system could also be used to aid the curation of museum collections and as a complement to forensic recovery. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 85-98 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2004 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2004.9.1.85 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2004.9.1.85 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:9:y:2004:i:1:p:85-98 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Naomi Sykes Author-X-Name-First: Naomi Author-X-Name-Last: Sykes Title: The Introduction of Fallow Deer to Britain: A Zooarchaeological Perspective Abstract: Ambiguous historical evidence, misidentifications, contextual disturbance, as well as ancient trade in antler and other skeletal elements, have all confused our understanding of the past distribution and spread of European fallow deer (Vama dama). In order to determine the date and source of their introduction to Britain, this paper sets out to examine and, in some cases, re-analyse the zooarchaeological evidence for this species. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 75-83 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2004 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2004.9.1.75 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2004.9.1.75 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:9:y:2004:i:1:p:75-83 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reviewers Author-X-Name-First: Author-X-Name-Last: Title: Book Reviews Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 107-111 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2004 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2004.9.1.107 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2004.9.1.107 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:9:y:2004:i:1:p:107-111 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Harry K. Kenward Author-X-Name-First: Harry K. Author-X-Name-Last: Kenward Author-Name: Allan R. Hall Author-X-Name-First: Allan R. Author-X-Name-Last: Hall Author-Name: Jane M. McCamish Author-X-Name-First: Jane M. Author-X-Name-Last: McCamish Title: Archaeological Implications of Plant and Invertebrate Remains from Fills of a Massive Post-Medieval Cut at Low Fisher Gate, Doncaster, U.K. Abstract: Plant and invertebrate remains from a series of fills of an enigmatic early post-medieval cut feature at a site in Doncaster, South Yorkshire, were studied as part of a site-wide investigation. Some rich and diverse assemblages were recovered whose interpretation was not simple. It is argued that the material represents infill of a feature deliberately dug for water management, probably originally used as a pond for livestock, but latterly also for the dumping of a variety of materials during its life. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 61-74 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2004 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2004.9.1.61 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2004.9.1.61 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:9:y:2004:i:1:p:61-74 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Charles French Author-X-Name-First: Charles Author-X-Name-Last: French Title: Hydrological Monitoring of an Alluviated Landscape in the Lower Great Ouse Valley at Over, Cambridgeshire: Results of the Gravel Extraction Phase Abstract: This paper sets out the dramatic results of the hydrological monitoring programme conducted during the first 2.5 year phase of gravel extraction at the Hanson Over quarry in Cambridgeshire. It follows on from the study of the pre-extraction phase detailed in Environmental Archaeology 4 (French et al. 1999). Less than two months after the start of gravel extraction and pumping, the groundwater table within the extraction area had dropped to 5m+ below the modern ground surface and has since been maintained at that level. This is 3.5–4m lower than the norm in the pre-extraction phase, and has been accompanied by marked increases in pH and dissolved oxygen values. Specific monitoring of a Bronze Age barrow within the extraction area has demonstrated significant dewatering and lowering of soil moisture contents in the mound, ditch and buried soil to minimal levels within six months. Moreover, the groundwater table downstream and beyond the extraction area gradually dropped to between 2m and 5m below the modern ground surface, at a distance of up to 500m from the quarry face. Beyond this 'halo' effect, the hydrological regime is apparently unaffected. Nonetheless, once the southern edge of the extraction area was bunded with impermeable clay, there was a rapid (within the month) restoration of groundwater levels to the south/upstream of the extraction area. But, the groundwater table to the north/downstream of the extraction area has continued to fall over a distance of 500m from the quarry face. These results are of wide applicability to lowland English river terrace valleys. To ensure the future curation of alluviated landscapes that are threatened with water and gravel extraction, groundwater and water quality monitoring programmes should be part of the archaeological brief in response to Policy Planning Guidance 16 (DoE 1990). Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 1-12 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2004 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2004.9.1.1 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2004.9.1.1 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:9:y:2004:i:1:p:1-12 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tim M. Mighall Author-X-Name-First: Tim M. Author-X-Name-Last: Mighall Author-Name: Lisa Dumayne-Peaty Author-X-Name-First: Lisa Author-X-Name-Last: Dumayne-Peaty Author-Name: David Cranstone Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Cranstone Title: A Record of Atmospheric Pollution and Vegetation Change as Recorded in Three Peat Bogs from the Northern Pennines Pb-Zn Orefield Abstract: The metal mining landscape of the northern Pennines is unique, containing a relatively large concentration of mines dating back possibly to the Roman period. Little attention, however, has been given to understanding how the metal mining industry has altered the natural landscape. This paper sets out to address this by using palaeoenvironmental techniques to reconstruct the vegetational landscape and atmospheric pollution history surrounding the metal mines of the upper Rookhope valley, Weardale and Moorhouse National Nature Reserve in Teesdale. Results from pollen analysis suggest that small, temporary woodland clearance occurred during the Neolithic and Bronze Age, followed by more substantial clearances during the Iron Age and Romano-British period. Metal mining had little impact on vegetation, in particular woodland, until Medieval times. Evidence of higher lead concentrations and a permanent reduction in arboreal pollen percentages in the pollen diagrams correlate with the growth of the lead mining industry from the eleventh century AD onwards as documented in historical records. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 13-38 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2004 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2004.9.1.13 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2004.9.1.13 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:9:y:2004:i:1:p:13-38 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Julie M. Ross Author-X-Name-First: Julie M. Author-X-Name-Last: Ross Title: Phytoliths from a Norse Greenlandic Quern Stone: A Preliminary Investigation Abstract: The Norse inhabited Greenland between AD 1000 and AD 1500 and, toward the end of the occupation, according to archaeological evidence, they were predominately marine mammal hunters. Despite the fact that marine resources became important for subsistence, the Norse Greenlanders settled the area in oŕder to farm. This is indicated by site locations, faunal material, archaeobotanical, and palynological evidence.Phytolith analysis from a quern stone, likely made from stone of local origin, found at Gården Under Sandet, a Norse farmstead in Greenland, was examined to determine if there was any evidence indicating domestic cereal processing. The phytoliths found on the quern stone can be associated with grasses and sedges, but the absence of dendritic phytoliths likely indicates that the quern stone was not used to grind seed. This preliminary study demonstrates that information about Norse agriculture may be obtained by examining the phytolith remains from a quern stone. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 99-106 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2004 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2004.9.1.99 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2004.9.1.99 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:9:y:2004:i:1:p:99-106 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petra Dark Author-X-Name-First: Petra Author-X-Name-Last: Dark Title: Plant Remains as Indicators of Seasonality of Site-Use in the Mesolithic Period Abstract: Attempts to identify the seasons during which Mesolithic sites may have been occupied have usually concentrated on evidence from faunal assemblages, while the potential of plant remains has been largely neglected. In this paper the use of plant remains as indicators of seasonality is discussed, especially where they represent the accidental charring of species unlikely to have been deliberately collected and stored. This is illustrated with reference to the early Mesolithic site of Star Carr, North Yorkshire, and discussed in the context of other Mesolithic sites from which assemblages of charred plant remains have been recovered. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 39-45 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2004 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2004.9.1.39 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2004.9.1.39 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:9:y:2004:i:1:p:39-45 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Author-X-Name-First: Author-X-Name-Last: Title: Guidelines for authors Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 113-113 Issue: 1 Volume: 9 Year: 2004 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2004.9.1.113 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2004.9.1.113 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:9:y:2004:i:1:p:113-113 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marjan Mashkour Author-X-Name-First: Marjan Author-X-Name-Last: Mashkour Author-Name: Margareta Tengberg Author-X-Name-First: Margareta Author-X-Name-Last: Tengberg Title: Animal–plant interactions on the Iranian plateau and in adjacent areas: Using bioarchaeological methods in the reconstruction of agro-pastoral practices Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 189-190 Issue: 3 Volume: 18 Year: 2013 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000041 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000041 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:18:y:2013:i:3:p:189-190 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marjan Mashkour Author-X-Name-First: Marjan Author-X-Name-Last: Mashkour Author-Name: Margareta Tengberg Author-X-Name-First: Margareta Author-X-Name-Last: Tengberg Author-Name: Zohreh Shirazi Author-X-Name-First: Zohreh Author-X-Name-Last: Shirazi Author-Name: Youssef Madjidzadeh Author-X-Name-First: Youssef Author-X-Name-Last: Madjidzadeh Title: Bio-archaeological studies at Konar Sandal, Halil Rud basin, southeastern Iran Abstract: Recent archaeological discoveries in the Halil Rud valley in the Kerman province of southeastern Iran have shown the existence of an important urban centre during the Early Bronze Age (third millennium BC), with a rich artistic and craft tradition as well as long-distance contacts with both Mesopotamia and the Indus valley. Bioarchaeological studies carried out at Konar Sandal, south of the modern city of Jiroft, allow for the first time a reconstruction of the past environment and subsistence economies in the valley during the Bronze and Iron Ages. While herding relied mainly on sheep and goat and, to a lesser extent, on bovines of which several species are recognised, agricultural activities involved the cultivation of cereals (barley and wheat) and fruits (date palm, grapevine). Significant changes in animal husbandry practices appear through time with an increase of suid remains as well as the appearance of the domestic horse and Bactrian camel in the Iron Age (late second to early first millennium BC). While the exploitation of plants and animals seems to have taken place to a large extent in the alluvial Halil Rud valley, the possibility of pastoral transhumance in surrounding mountain chains is also considered. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 222-246 Issue: 3 Volume: 18 Year: 2013 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631413Y.0000000006 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631413Y.0000000006 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:18:y:2013:i:3:p:222-246 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Robert N. Spengler Author-X-Name-First: Robert N. Author-X-Name-Last: Spengler Author-Name: George Willcox Author-X-Name-First: George Author-X-Name-Last: Willcox Title: Archaeobotanical results from Sarazm, Tajikistan, an Early Bronze Age Settlement on the edge: Agriculture and exchange Abstract: Sarazm is an agricultural settlement located in the Zerafshan Valley of northwestern Tajikistan; it was occupied from the fourth to the end of the third millennia BC. Located on the northeastern edge of a chain of agricultural settlements (Namazga IV) that span the northern foothill ecotone of the Kopet Dag, Sarazm sat on a crossroads of exchange and interaction. Being at the eastern extremity of this chain of sedentary villages, Sarazm is the key site for understanding the eventual diffusion of agriculture north into the mountains and steppe. The main purpose of this article is to present a long-awaited (previously unpublished) macrobotanical data set analysed in the late 1980s by George Willcox. Domesticated seeds in the assemblage (wheat and barley) are important both in terms of understanding the northeastern spread of agriculture into Central Eurasia and illustrating the role of agriculture in the Early Bronze Age economy at Sarazm. Wild fruit remains (specifically Russian olive, hackberry, sea buckthorn berry, wild pistachio and cappers) attest to foraging practices. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 211-221 Issue: 3 Volume: 18 Year: 2013 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631413Y.0000000008 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631413Y.0000000008 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:18:y:2013:i:3:p:211-221 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Naomi F. Miller Author-X-Name-First: Naomi F. Author-X-Name-Last: Miller Title: Agropastoralism and archaeobiology: Connecting plants, animals and people in west and central Asia Abstract: One of the more intractable problems that archaeobiologists struggle with is how to characterise ancient subsistence systems when the plant and animal remains that we study are incommensurate in so many ways. Three examples from the upper Euphrates and Iran illustrate how changes in plant remains are associated with changes in animal exploitation. Two of them consider the agropastoral continuum on sites dating to the pre-pottery Neolithic (eighth to sixth millennium BC) and to the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age (fourth to third millennium BC) in the dry-farming zone along the Euphrates. The third example considers how changes in woodland allow one to infer the presence of pastoralists in the southern Zagros even in the absence of nomad campsites. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 247-256 Issue: 3 Volume: 18 Year: 2013 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631413Y.0000000003 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631413Y.0000000003 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:18:y:2013:i:3:p:247-256 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rémi Berthon Author-X-Name-First: Rémi Author-X-Name-Last: Berthon Author-Name: Alexia Decaix Author-X-Name-First: Alexia Author-X-Name-Last: Decaix Author-Name: Zsófia Eszter Kovács Author-X-Name-First: Zsófia Eszter Author-X-Name-Last: Kovács Author-Name: Wim Van Neer Author-X-Name-First: Wim Author-X-Name-Last: Van Neer Author-Name: Margareta Tengberg Author-X-Name-First: Margareta Author-X-Name-Last: Tengberg Author-Name: George Willcox Author-X-Name-First: George Author-X-Name-Last: Willcox Author-Name: Thomas Cucchi Author-X-Name-First: Thomas Author-X-Name-Last: Cucchi Title: A bioarchaeological investigation of three late Chalcolithic pits at Ovçular Tepesi (Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan) Abstract: Socio-economic organisation, subsistence strategies and environmental exploitation still remain largely open questions for the Late Chalcolithic period (ca. 4500–3500 BC) in southern Caucasus even though they are of prime importance for understanding the development of post-Neolithic societies in these semi-arid and mountainous areas. Interdisciplinary bioarchaeological research can, however, provide valuable new insights into these issues. In the Late Chalcolithic occupation layers at Ovçular Tepesi (Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, Azerbaijan), the fills of pits, composed mainly of domestic refuse, proved to contain the richest and most diverse assemblages of biological remains at the site. These remains, retrieved by the use of flotation and sieving techniques, therefore constitute ideal assemblages for understanding subsistence strategies and the exploitation of natural resources. It is shown here that the agricultural economy at Late Chalcolithic Ovçular Tepesi was based mainly on the cultivation of cereals and pulses and the herding of sheep and goat. The river and its surroundings provided wood fuel and fish. The results of the bioarchaeological study further suggest that the Late Chalcolithic village was occupied permanently as shown by the development of commensal populations of small mammals. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 191-200 Issue: 3 Volume: 18 Year: 2013 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631413Y.0000000005 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631413Y.0000000005 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:18:y:2013:i:3:p:191-200 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Philippe Ponel Author-X-Name-First: Philippe Author-X-Name-Last: Ponel Author-Name: Valérie Andrieu-Ponel Author-X-Name-First: Valérie Author-X-Name-Last: Andrieu-Ponel Author-Name: Morteza Djamali Author-X-Name-First: Morteza Author-X-Name-Last: Djamali Author-Name: Hamid Lahijani Author-X-Name-First: Hamid Author-X-Name-Last: Lahijani Author-Name: Michelle Leydet Author-X-Name-First: Michelle Author-X-Name-Last: Leydet Author-Name: Marjan Mashkour Author-X-Name-First: Marjan Author-X-Name-Last: Mashkour Title: Fossil beetles as possible evidence for transhumance during the middle and late Holocene in the high mountains of Talysch (Talesh) in NW Iran? Abstract: A short sediment core (300 cm) was retrieved from a peaty deposit in the northeastern corner of Lake Neor in NW Iran yielding a 6500-year-old sequence relatively rich in pollen and beetle remains. Beetle assemblages contained a significant amount of coprophagous and coprophilous species all along the core. Pollen spectra suggest an open steppe landscape typical of the modern Irano-Turanian highlands with pollen indicators of agro-pastoral activities and also the proximity of the mesic temperate Hyrcanian forest to the east. Together, insect and pollen evidence, in agreement with the archaeological evidence for NW Iran, suggest that pastoralism was practised in the high elevation surroundings of Neor in Talysch Mountains at least since ca. 6500 years ago. This preliminary study highlights the strong potential of palaeoentomological investigations in furthering our understanding of the history of pastoralism in the Middle East. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 201-210 Issue: 3 Volume: 18 Year: 2013 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631413Y.0000000007 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631413Y.0000000007 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:18:y:2013:i:3:p:201-210 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Diane Wallman Author-X-Name-First: Diane Author-X-Name-Last: Wallman Author-Name: E. Christian Wells Author-X-Name-First: E. Christian Author-X-Name-Last: Wells Author-Name: Isabel C. Rivera-Collazo Author-X-Name-First: Isabel C. Author-X-Name-Last: Rivera-Collazo Title: The Environmental Legacies of Colonialism in the Northern Neotropics: Introduction to the Special Issue Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 1-3 Issue: 1 Volume: 23 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1370857 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1370857 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:23:y:2018:i:1:p:1-3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sarah E. Oas Author-X-Name-First: Sarah E. Author-X-Name-Last: Oas Author-Name: Mark W. Hauser Author-X-Name-First: Mark W. Author-X-Name-Last: Hauser Title: The Political Ecology of Plantations from the Ground Up Abstract: Little work has been done to examine the political ecology and environmental legacy of sugar colonies in the Caribbean. Material excavated from the Morne Patate plantation in southern Dominica occupied from the late seventeenth to mid-nineteenth century offer a perfect opportunity to examine the intersections between Caribbean colonial enterprises and the domestic economises of enslaved households. Analysis of macrobotanical remains associated with the houses, gardens, and provision grounds of the enslaved inhabitants at Morne Patate reveal a mixture of African, American, and European cereals, fruits, and vegetables. Maize (Zea mays) dominates the assemblage, and the recovery of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and millet (Pennisetum glaucum) indicate a concern with high yield cereals and perhaps experimentation with producing crops in a range of local microenvironments. Remains of several coffee cherries (Coffea sp.) from a household context suggest that the enslaved inhabitants at Morne Patate were producing some amount of coffee either for personal consumption or possibly for sale at local markets. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 4-12 Issue: 1 Volume: 23 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1347997 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1347997 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:23:y:2018:i:1:p:4-12 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Diane Wallman Author-X-Name-First: Diane Author-X-Name-Last: Wallman Title: Histories and Trajectories of Socio-Ecological Landscapes in the Lesser Antilles: Implications of Colonial Period Zooarchaeological Research Abstract: The plantation era in the Caribbean was characterised by significant ecological degradation and change through the shift to sugar monoculture, and the introduction of exotic taxa to the island, leading to the extensive depletion of native flora and fauna. During European colonial rule in this region, marginalised and enslaved communities developed informal domestic economies such as artisanal fishing, small-scale animal husbandry and agriculture to survive within this oppressive structure. Zooarchaeology from this period offers insight into the variability of historical human eco-dynamics, and how these pasts impact modern social, economic and ecological systems. This study presents archaeological case studies from three plantation sites in the Lesser Antilles, from the islands of Martinique, Barbados and Dominica, to illustrate the potential contributions of historical archaeology to understanding long-term human–environment interaction, and explore the ecological consequences of colonialism in the Caribbean. Results of faunal analysis at the three sites suggest that resilient, small-scale subsistence and economic practices that persist today began during slavery, and that these data provide a more nuanced picture of past and present issues of biodiversity, ecosystem health and food security in the Caribbean. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 13-22 Issue: 1 Volume: 23 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1345086 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1345086 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:23:y:2018:i:1:p:13-22 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Christian Wells Author-X-Name-First: E. Christian Author-X-Name-Last: Wells Author-Name: Suzanna M. Pratt Author-X-Name-First: Suzanna M. Author-X-Name-Last: Pratt Author-Name: Georgia L. Fox Author-X-Name-First: Georgia L. Author-X-Name-Last: Fox Author-Name: Peter E. Siegel Author-X-Name-First: Peter E. Author-X-Name-Last: Siegel Author-Name: Nicholas P. Dunning Author-X-Name-First: Nicholas P. Author-X-Name-Last: Dunning Author-Name: A. Reginald Murphy Author-X-Name-First: A. Reginald Author-X-Name-Last: Murphy Title: Plantation Soilscapes: Initial and Cumulative Impacts of Colonial Agriculture in Antigua, West Indies Abstract: This paper examines physical, chemical, and biological properties of soils and sediments from landforms in eastern Antigua, West Indies, to better understand the long-term consequences of colonial plantation agriculture for soil health. Plantation farming played a central role in the history of Caribbean societies, economies, and environments since the seventeenth century. In Antigua, the entire island was variably dedicated to agricultural pursuits (mostly sugarcane monoculture) from the mid-1600s until independence from the United Kingdom in 1981, when most commercial cultivation ceased. Today’s soilscapes are highly degraded, although it is unknown what the role of the island’s plantation legacy has played in this process. Our research combines geoarchaeological survey and sampling, sediment core analysis, and historical archival research to model the initial and cumulative impacts of the plantation industry on the island. We focus on the region surrounding Betty’s Hope, the island’s first large-scale sugarcane plantation in operation from 1674 to 1944. We find that current erosion and degradation issues experienced by today’s farmers are not attributable to intensive plantation farming alone, but rather are part of a complex mosaic of human-environmental interactions that include abandonment of engineered landscapes. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 23-35 Issue: 1 Volume: 23 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1309806 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1309806 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:23:y:2018:i:1:p:23-35 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Allison Bain Author-X-Name-First: Allison Author-X-Name-Last: Bain Author-Name: Anne-Marie Faucher Author-X-Name-First: Anne-Marie Author-X-Name-Last: Faucher Author-Name: Lisa M. Kennedy Author-X-Name-First: Lisa M. Author-X-Name-Last: Kennedy Author-Name: Allison R. LeBlanc Author-X-Name-First: Allison R. Author-X-Name-Last: LeBlanc Author-Name: Michael J. Burn Author-X-Name-First: Michael J. Author-X-Name-Last: Burn Author-Name: Rebecca Boger Author-X-Name-First: Rebecca Author-X-Name-Last: Boger Author-Name: Sophia Perdikaris Author-X-Name-First: Sophia Author-X-Name-Last: Perdikaris Title: Landscape Transformation During Ceramic Age and Colonial Occupations of Barbuda, West Indies Abstract: This research documented the history of landscape transformation on the island of Barbuda in the Lesser Antilles, Caribbean through cross-disciplinary research approaches. Excavations confirmed a human presence for the seasonal exploitation of conch meat and other molluscs during the Archaic Age (c.3000–500 BC), but more substantial impacts to terrestrial ecosystems likely began during the Ceramic Age (c.500 BC–AD 1500). Our combined sedimentary and charcoal records revealed that human-induced environmental transformations began with Ceramic Age peoples as they cleared vegetation for settlements and gardens with intentional burning. Sedimentary charcoal indicated a dramatic decline in fire during post-Ceramic Age abandonment, continuing through the Colonial Period, as the dominant human activities shifted to herding, farming, and selective wood harvesting. Historical sources showed that during the Colonial Period (post-1492), the island was intermittently settled until the mid-seventeenth century, while the Codrington family of Antigua held the lease to the island from 1681 to 1870. They used the island for farming and stock-rearing, exporting meat and draught animals along with lime, timber, and subsistence crops. Macrocharcoal recovered from Colonial Period archaeological sites reflect the use of a variety of local species and wood imported to the island or harvested from shipwrecks. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 36-46 Issue: 1 Volume: 23 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1345115 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1345115 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:23:y:2018:i:1:p:36-46 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sophia Perdikaris Author-X-Name-First: Sophia Author-X-Name-Last: Perdikaris Author-Name: Allison Bain Author-X-Name-First: Allison Author-X-Name-Last: Bain Author-Name: Sandrine Grouard Author-X-Name-First: Sandrine Author-X-Name-Last: Grouard Author-Name: Karis Baker Author-X-Name-First: Karis Author-X-Name-Last: Baker Author-Name: Edith Gonzalez Author-X-Name-First: Edith Author-X-Name-Last: Gonzalez Author-Name: A. Rus Hoelzel Author-X-Name-First: A. Rus Author-X-Name-Last: Hoelzel Author-Name: Holly Miller Author-X-Name-First: Holly Author-X-Name-Last: Miller Author-Name: Reaksha Persaud Author-X-Name-First: Reaksha Author-X-Name-Last: Persaud Author-Name: Naomi Sykes Author-X-Name-First: Naomi Author-X-Name-Last: Sykes Title: From Icon of Empire to National Emblem: New Evidence for the Fallow Deer of Barbuda Abstract: Barbuda and Antigua’s national animal is the fallow deer, Dama dama dama, a species native to the eastern Mediterranean that has been transported around the world by people during the last 8000 years. The timing and circumstances by which fallow deer came to be established on Barbuda are currently uncertain but, by examining documentary, osteological and genetic evidence, this paper will consider the validity of existing theories. It will review the dynamics of human–Dama relationships from the 1500s AD to the present day and consider how the meaning attached to this species has changed through time: from a symbol of colonial authority and dominance, to a ‘walking larder’ after the slave emancipation of 1834, and now an important part of the island’s economy and cultural heritage that requires careful management. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 47-55 Issue: 1 Volume: 23 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1349027 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1349027 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:23:y:2018:i:1:p:47-55 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Konrad A. Antczak Author-X-Name-First: Konrad A. Author-X-Name-Last: Antczak Title: Cultivating Salt: Socio-Natural Assemblages on the Saltpans of the Venezuelan Islands, Seventeenth to Nineteenth Century Abstract: This paper discusses the socio-natural assemblages of salt cultivation involving humans, other organisms and natural phenomena on the Venezuelan islands of La Tortuga and Cayo Sal from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century. The research is based on archaeological, documentary and oral evidence marshalled to understand the dynamics of past solar sea salt production. In the past, a keen knowledge of the climatic conditions, the tides, and the effects of the microorganisms involved in the concentration of brine and the subsequent crystallisation of sodium chloride (NaCl) was indispensable to augmenting the quantity and quality of a salt harvest. These natural phenomena could be managed through anthropic intervention to the benefit of a saltpan enterprise by investing in infrastructure and tools such as dikes and pumps, thereby modifying the natural environment of a salt lagoon. This research indicates that the Dutch in the seventeenth, the Anglo-Americans in the seventeenth and eighteenth, as well as the Dutch Antilleans and a US American in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, approached the process of obtaining salt on the Venezuelan saltpans differently. This resulted in different configurations of the socio-natural assemblages on the saltpans and a variable final product conditioned by distinct market necessities. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 56-68 Issue: 1 Volume: 23 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1345097 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1345097 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:23:y:2018:i:1:p:56-68 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rani T. Alexander Author-X-Name-First: Rani T. Author-X-Name-Last: Alexander Author-Name: Héctor Hernández Álvarez Author-X-Name-First: Héctor Author-X-Name-Last: Hernández Álvarez Title: Agropastoralism and Household Ecology in Yucatán After the Spanish Invasion Abstract: In this paper, we examine the changes in household ecology that resulted from the introduction of European domesticates to Yucatán after the Spanish invasion. New animals and plants were not adopted wholesale as a Euroagrarian suite in the sixteenth century. Instead, heterogeneous practices took root in highly altered demographic and environmental settings. Ecosystems were re-engineered as animals moved into new anthropogenic niches. We compare archaeological and ethnoarchaeological evidence of animal husbandry practices in farming settlements in central Yucatán to the residential patterns and zooarchaeological evidence recovered from labourers’ house lots at the Hacienda San Pedro Cholul, a henequen hacienda located on the outskirts of Mérida. Our evidence shows that adoption of European domesticates altered mutualistic relations among humans, plants, and animals in native communities. Animal traction transformed hydrologic technologies and transportation across the peninsula and spurred industrialisation in the nineteenth century. Agropastoralism heightened socioeconomic disparities among rural households and contributed to uneven socioeconomic development in Yucatán over the last 500 years. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 69-79 Issue: 1 Volume: 23 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1342396 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1342396 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:23:y:2018:i:1:p:69-79 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carolyn Freiwald Author-X-Name-First: Carolyn Author-X-Name-Last: Freiwald Author-Name: Timothy Pugh Author-X-Name-First: Timothy Author-X-Name-Last: Pugh Title: The Origins of Early Colonial Cows at San Bernabé, Guatemala: Strontium Isotope Values at an Early Spanish Mission in the Petén Lakes Region of Northern Guatemala Abstract: The earliest Spanish explorers in the 15th century brought ships stocked with European domesticated animals to the Americas. Yet for nearly two centuries, the Maya living in Guatemala’s Petén Lakes region continued to rely on traditional wild animal species. A small number of cow, equid, and pig bones have been identified in Kowoj and Itza Maya Contact period contexts at Ixlú, Nixtun Ch’ich’, Tayasal, and Zacpetén; however, significant changes in regional animal use are only visible after the Spanish began to build missions in the region during the early 1700s. We explore the introduction of European domesticates to the region at the San Bernabé mission near Tayasal using faunal, isotopic, and historic data. There were marked differences in mammal use, but a continued reliance on aquatic species such as turtles and snails. Animal acquisition strategies changed as well, with potentially significant impacts on local and regional land use and the daily lives of the Mayas. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 80-96 Issue: 1 Volume: 23 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1297012 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1297012 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:23:y:2018:i:1:p:80-96 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Isabel C. Rivera-Collazo Author-X-Name-First: Isabel C. Author-X-Name-Last: Rivera-Collazo Author-Name: Cristina Rodríguez-Franco Author-X-Name-First: Cristina Author-X-Name-Last: Rodríguez-Franco Author-Name: José Julián Garay-Vázquez Author-X-Name-First: José Julián Author-X-Name-Last: Garay-Vázquez Title: A Deep-Time Socioecosystem Framework to Understand Social Vulnerability on a Tropical Island Abstract: Archaeological research has the potential to contribute to our understanding of social vulnerability to environmental change by providing examples of change in the deep and recent past. Here we argue that human activity and historical processes deeply transform tropical environments through time, and that these changes accumulate on the landscape affecting social vulnerability. These changes, however, are not always evident due to rapid vegetation growth obscuring past human impact. Our research investigates the northernmost 25 km of the Manatí Hydrological Basin in Puerto Rico, focusing on evidence of human activity and environmental characteristics including topography, sediments and vegetation cover. The data collected, which articulates archaeological and ethnographic records, covers the span of pre-Columbian occupation of the region, through the colonial periods, and into the twentieth century. Results show that human activity through time has deeply altered the forests. The accumulation of long-term histories of biotic, abiotic and cultural dynamics affects social sensitivity and exposure. Human ingenuity can widen resilience thresholds, making long-term practices particularly important components of adaptive strategies. Deep-time socioecological perspectives can contribute to current vulnerability assessments by enhancing local and historical records that can feed predictive models and inform decision-making in the present. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 97-108 Issue: 1 Volume: 23 Year: 2018 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1342397 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1342397 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:23:y:2018:i:1:p:97-108 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Edward R. Treasure Author-X-Name-First: Edward R. Author-X-Name-Last: Treasure Author-Name: Mike J. Church Author-X-Name-First: Mike J. Author-X-Name-Last: Church Title: Can't find a pulse? Celtic bean (Vicia faba L.) in British prehistory Abstract: Archaeobotanical research on prehistoric crops in Britain has primarily focussed on cereals and the potential importance of alternative crops, such as pulses, has often been overlooked. This paper reviews evidence for Celtic bean (Vicia faba L.) in British prehistory, using a database of archaeobotanical assemblages from 75 sites. Celtic bean is rare in the Neolithic – Early Bronze Age and it only becomes frequent from the Middle Bronze Age (ca. 1500 cal BC) onwards, particularly in southern England. Though there is a paucity of evidence at many sites, it is suggested that this reflects a preservation bias and in some areas at least, Celtic bean formed an important element of past agricultural systems. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 113-127 Issue: 2 Volume: 22 Year: 2017 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2016.1153769 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2016.1153769 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:22:y:2017:i:2:p:113-127 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xavier Panadès i Blas Author-X-Name-First: Xavier Author-X-Name-Last: Panadès i Blas Author-Name: Jordi Bartolomé i Filella Author-X-Name-First: Jordi Author-X-Name-Last: Bartolomé i Filella Author-Name: Caroline Strömberg Author-X-Name-First: Caroline Author-X-Name-Last: Strömberg Author-Name: Ignasi Soriano i Tomàs Author-X-Name-First: Ignasi Author-X-Name-Last: Soriano i Tomàs Author-Name: Paul Buckland Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Buckland Author-Name: Karen K. Serieyssol Author-X-Name-First: Karen K. Author-X-Name-Last: Serieyssol Author-Name: Joan Bach i Plaza Author-X-Name-First: Joan Author-X-Name-Last: Bach i Plaza Author-Name: Antonio Arillo Aranda Author-X-Name-First: Antonio Author-X-Name-Last: Arillo Aranda Author-Name: Francesca Lozar Author-X-Name-First: Francesca Author-X-Name-Last: Lozar Author-Name: Tony Stevenson Author-X-Name-First: Tony Author-X-Name-Last: Stevenson Author-Name: Lourdes Chamorro i Lorenzo Author-X-Name-First: Lourdes Author-X-Name-Last: Chamorro i Lorenzo Author-Name: Peter Ditchfield Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Ditchfield Title: The utility of livestock dung for reconstructing recent ethnological and environmental histories Abstract: Animal dung is evaluated here as a tool to reconstruct recent societal and environmental changes. Studies completed on the macro- and micro-contents from dung deposited in a mountain cave in Catalonia during the 1970–1980s, preceding the socio-economic changes in the area, was supplemented by the testimony of the last shepherd alive in the area. This information was also compared with evidence from aerial photographs of the area surrounding the cave taken in 1956 and 2009. Although taphonomic distortion of the dung shape precluded its assignment to its producers based on morphology, information from the organic remains reflects the agro-pastoral activities in the mountainous area of the Catalan coast. A lack of calcium phosphate and abundant phytolith and epidermal remains from wild species indicates that the dung was excreted by ovicaprines, who sheltered in the cave during spells of adverse weather. These indicators also signify that the animals fed only on natural vegetation. Insect remains in the dung include fragments of chafers, dung and ground beetles, bees and ants, and whilst the latter may have foraged in the cave, the others may have been accidentally ingested by herbivores. The nannofossils and diatoms found in the dung derive from tertiary crops 4 km away from the cave but within the range of the ovicaprine herd. The lack of cereal and vegetable remains in the dung is consistent with the ethnographic record that shepherds and farmers could not afford to supplement the herds’ diet with fodder crops or grain, a consequence of the low productivity of the local subsistence agriculture. This study further discusses the socio-economic impacts of the introduction of intensive farming, industrialisation and tourism in Catalonia during the latter part of the last century and how they are represented in the dung. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 128-146 Issue: 2 Volume: 22 Year: 2017 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2016.1142630 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2016.1142630 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:22:y:2017:i:2:p:128-146 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leonid Gorobets Author-X-Name-First: Leonid Author-X-Name-Last: Gorobets Author-Name: Oleksandr Kovalchuk Author-X-Name-First: Oleksandr Author-X-Name-Last: Kovalchuk Title: Birds in the medieval culture and economy of the East Slavs in the 10–13th centuries AD Abstract: The paper is devoted to a re-examination of the bird remains from the numerous East Slavic settlements (10–13th centuries AD). Species diversity suggests that medieval people in the Eastern Europe used birds for food, falconry, in ritual and, possibly, for aviary specimens and pets. Furthermore, bird feathers were used for preparing arrows. The most popular bird of prey was goshawk. Primary game birds were ducks, geese, swans, common crane and corvids along with black grouse and capercaillie in forest zones. The archaeological data present evidence for the use of wild birds (e.g., hooded crow) in funeral ceremonies for the first time. The majority of the identified birds have not changed their distribution, but in recent times some of these taxa have become rarer. Red-breasted goose is now extant in the area but its remains were found in the medieval layers, although this species could have been an occasional visitor in the Ukraine. Archaeological data and historical sources prove that white stork has lived in the territory of Ukraine since the Middle Ages or even earlier. The most common domestic poultry for the East Slavs was chicken. Domestic ducks and geese were much rarer. Historical documents were also consulted in this study and these also contribute to our understanding of the role of birds in the life of the East Slavs. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 147-165 Issue: 2 Volume: 22 Year: 2017 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2016.1141088 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2016.1141088 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:22:y:2017:i:2:p:147-165 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: W. Groenman-van Waateringe Author-X-Name-First: W. Author-X-Name-Last: Groenman-van Waateringe Author-Name: B. van Geel Author-X-Name-First: B. Author-X-Name-Last: van Geel Title: Raised bed agriculture in northwest Europe triggered by climatic change around 850 BC: a hypothesis Abstract: A sudden decline of solar activity around 850 calendar years BC caused a shift to a cool and wet climate in northwest Europe. Food production suddenly became problematic because of shorter, wetter growing seasons and increased night frost. This climate change triggered innovation and the development of a new agricultural system in continental northwestern Europe: arable farming on raised beds (Celtic field banks) laid out in a more or less checked pattern. This kind of agriculture mitigated the effects of the climate shift by providing better drainage and lessening damage by night frost and thus lengthening the growing season. Once the advantages of this kind of cultivation, soil enrichment and optimum root growth besides the hydrological effects, became obvious it will have been practised on a large scale and introduced when people thought it useful, independent of the local hydrological situation. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 166-170 Issue: 2 Volume: 22 Year: 2017 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2016.1141085 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2016.1141085 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:22:y:2017:i:2:p:166-170 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andrei V Zinoviev Author-X-Name-First: Andrei V Author-X-Name-Last: Zinoviev Title: Leather straps with avian tarsometatarsi from the medieval Russia: Jesses or amulets? Abstract: The paper examines leather straps associated with avian bones from archaeological excavations in Medieval Russia. These leather straps, found attached to the tarsometatarsi of hunting birds, such as gyrfalcon, peregrine falcon, goshawk and sparrowhawk, constitute components of falconry equipment. A leather strap, secured on the tarsometatarsus of a buzzard, indicates the use of this bird as a decoy during the training of hunting birds. The same is true for the crane and little owl. The loss of other bones of the avian skeletons during the excavation process often leads to the erroneous interpretation of the leather straps with avian tarsometatarsi as amulets. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 171-174 Issue: 2 Volume: 22 Year: 2017 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2016.1169350 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2016.1169350 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:22:y:2017:i:2:p:171-174 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Suzanne Needs-Howarth Author-X-Name-First: Suzanne Author-X-Name-Last: Needs-Howarth Author-Name: Alicia L. Hawkins Author-X-Name-First: Alicia L. Author-X-Name-Last: Hawkins Title: Tending and drive hunting: A density-mediated attrition model can explain age profiles of white-tailed deer at Iroquoian village sites Abstract: In a 1993 paper, Noble and Crerar suggested, based on the age and sex distribution of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) longbones from four Attawandaron Iroquoian sites around the western end of Lake Ontario, that the contact-period Attawandaron were managing local deer populations, in response to the aboriginal trade in hides. Having observed similar patterns of differential preservation of elements and epiphyseal fusion at nearby Iroquoian sites that are not ascribed to the Attawandaron, and which pre-date the hypothesised trading period, we argue that these patterns may instead relate to bone density and/or vulnerability to taphonomic effects of late-fusing epiphyses. We further support our argument through age profiles based on dental eruption and wear. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 175-188 Issue: 2 Volume: 22 Year: 2017 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2016.1154238 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2016.1154238 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:22:y:2017:i:2:p:175-188 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Idoia Grau-Sologestoa Author-X-Name-First: Idoia Author-X-Name-Last: Grau-Sologestoa Title: Socio-economic status and religious identity in medieval Iberia: The zooarchaeological evidence Abstract: This paper synthesises faunal data from medieval archaeological sites in the Iberian Peninsula, aiming to identify zooarchaeological evidence that can improve our understanding of socio-economic status and cultural identities. The main zooarchaeological indicators for social differentiation are explored: food procurement and cuisine (taking into account different types of sites – high status, urban and rural), and different socio-political systems (Islamic and Christian regions), from a diachronic perspective. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 189-199 Issue: 2 Volume: 22 Year: 2017 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2016.1153818 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2016.1153818 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:22:y:2017:i:2:p:189-199 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Emilia Allevato Author-X-Name-First: Emilia Author-X-Name-Last: Allevato Author-Name: Mauro Paolo Buonincontri Author-X-Name-First: Mauro Paolo Author-X-Name-Last: Buonincontri Author-Name: Alessandra Pecci Author-X-Name-First: Alessandra Author-X-Name-Last: Pecci Author-Name: Alessia D'Auria Author-X-Name-First: Alessia Author-X-Name-Last: D'Auria Author-Name: Emanuele Papi Author-X-Name-First: Emanuele Author-X-Name-Last: Papi Author-Name: Antonio Saracino Author-X-Name-First: Antonio Author-X-Name-Last: Saracino Author-Name: Gaetano Di Pasquale Author-X-Name-First: Gaetano Author-X-Name-Last: Di Pasquale Title: Wood exploitation and food supply at the border of the Roman Empire: the case of the vicus of Thamusida – Sidi Ali ben Ahmed (Morocco) Abstract: This paper presents the results of inter-disciplinary work drawing on archaeobotanical and archaeometric studies to trace the agroforestry landscape and the supply economy at the vicus of Thamusida in north-west Morocco at the border of the Roman Empire. The available data indicate the self-sufficiency of the settlement in both forestry and agricultural products throughout the period investigated from the end of the 1st century BC to the beginning of the 4th century AD. Charcoal data testify to the presence of a Quercus suber forest in the close surroundings of the site and its exploitation for a variety of forestry products such as timber, fuelwood, cork, and probably also leaves and acorns to feed livestock. The overwhelming presence of Q. suber in the archaeological layer investigated clearly indicates that this forest was under human influence prior to Roman occupation and was already partially degraded. Charred seed and fruit remains suggest that the diet of both troops and civilians was mainly based on locally grown products and that all the inhabitants of the site had access to good cereals such as barley, naked wheats and pulses with large seeds such as horse bean and pea; quality fruits, such as olive and grape, were also produced locally for fresh consumption. Organic residue analyses of the contents of ceramic vessels and plastered vats allowed archaeobotanical data to be complemented, thereby shedding light on some of the imports at Thamusida. Despite the remote location of this settlement, imported goods such as oil and wine were transported here in amphorae from different parts of the Empire. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 200-217 Issue: 2 Volume: 22 Year: 2017 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2015.1126685 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2015.1126685 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:22:y:2017:i:2:p:200-217 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ian Kuijt Author-X-Name-First: Ian Author-X-Name-Last: Kuijt Title: The Neolithic refrigerator on a Friday night: How many people are coming to dinner and just what should I do with the slimy veggies in the back of the fridge? Abstract: The prehistoric development of food storage represents a major evolutionary transition, one potentially more important than the initial domestication of plants. Researchers, however, have yet to really deal with some of the critical practical questions related to the materiality of food storage and decision-making. Drawing upon experimental research this paper seeks to identify and model some of the critical interconnections between anticipated food loss due to spoilage, storage decision-making and the need for people to store food for multiple years. Building on this foundation, and echoing ethnographic, ethnoarchaeological and archaeological research, this study argues that the concept of storage and surplus is underdeveloped and that in many cases the storage practices of prehistoric sedentary people do not reflect a food surplus so much as normal storage. Turning to a case study of changing Near Eastern Neolithic grain storage practices, this research argues that from the Natufian through Neolithic periods people increasingly relied upon cultivated domesticated plants and food storage. This required people to expand their use of pre-existing technology, such as plaster for lining storage features, to store sufficient amounts of food to overcome seasonal shortages, potential crop failures and minimise food spoilage due to a range of biological agents. Tracking shifts through time, the results of this study suggest that it is only with increased scale of food storage in the later stages of the Neolithic that we may see a materialization of a food surplus. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 321-336 Issue: 4 Volume: 20 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631415Y.0000000003 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631415Y.0000000003 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:20:y:2015:i:4:p:321-336 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Mantellini Author-X-Name-First: S. Author-X-Name-Last: Mantellini Title: The implications of water storage for human settlement in Mediterranean waterless islands: The example of Pantelleria Abstract: Consistent water supply is a common issue in the history of Mediterranean civilizations, where hydraulic solutions, such as cisterns, wells, reservoirs and aqueducts, were adopted for private and public supply. In this context, the island of Pantelleria, where surface freshwater is virtually non-existent, represents a unique case for understanding human–environment interaction in waterless environments. Here, in historical times, year-round water supply was only possible through the storage of rainwater in underground cisterns. An intensive field survey carried out across the island led to the discovery of hundreds of cisterns dated from the Punic and Roman periods to the present day. The study of the spatial distribution of the cisterns was compared with archaeological data on the island to gain new insights on historical settlement and demographic patterns. The present work focusses on a semi-quantitative assessment of water storage on the island of Pantelleria based on the evaluation of potential volumes of stored water for different periods. Data available for cisterns in Pantelleria have been analysed and compared with those from coeval Mediterranean regions. Calculations on the seasonal fluctuation between water demand and supply have been estimated to evaluate the efficiency of such system for sustaining human population and subsistence activities through time. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 406-424 Issue: 4 Volume: 20 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631415Y.0000000005 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631415Y.0000000005 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:20:y:2015:i:4:p:406-424 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Geoffroy de Saulieu Author-X-Name-First: Geoffroy Author-X-Name-Last: de Saulieu Author-Name: Alain Testart Author-X-Name-First: Alain Author-X-Name-Last: Testart Title: Innovations, food storage and the origins of agriculture Abstract: The global phenomenon of the birth of agriculture remains an enigma and challenges the role of food storage. Much has been written about their invention. A general explanation is needed for its progression in various parts of the world, which is both sociologically based and founded on the archaeological data. This task led Alain Testart to claim that it was by developing their existing skill sets (foraging, pottery, food storage and small-scale agriculture) that nomadic hunter-gatherers, burdened by an increasingly diverse set of tools and equipment, became sedentary. This sedentarism in turn allowed them to specialise in those activities, which had (literally) weighed them down: notably, breeding the first plant cultivars and, often, storing food. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 314-320 Issue: 4 Volume: 20 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000061 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000061 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:20:y:2015:i:4:p:314-320 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andrea L. Balbo Author-X-Name-First: Andrea L. Author-X-Name-Last: Balbo Title: Storage: Introduction to the special issue Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 305-313 Issue: 4 Volume: 20 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631415Y.0000000021 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631415Y.0000000021 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:20:y:2015:i:4:p:305-313 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bruce Winterhalder Author-X-Name-First: Bruce Author-X-Name-Last: Winterhalder Author-Name: Cedric Puleston Author-X-Name-First: Cedric Author-X-Name-Last: Puleston Author-Name: Cody Ross Author-X-Name-First: Cody Author-X-Name-Last: Ross Title: Production risk, inter-annual food storage by households and population-level consequences in seasonal prehistoric agrarian societies Abstract: Using complementary behavioural and population ecological models, we explore the role of production risk, normal surplus and inter-annual food storage in the adaptations of societies dependent on seasonal agriculture. We find that (a) household-level, risk-sensitive adaption to unpredictable environmental variation in annual agricultural yields is a sufficient explanation for the origins of normal agrarian surplus and, consequently, of household-level incentives for inter-annual food storage; and, (b) at the population level, density-dependent Malthusian processes tightly constrain the circumstances under which this same mechanism can be effective in smoothing inter-annual fluctuations in household food availability. Greater environmental variation and higher levels of fixed set-asides such as seed requirements or transfer obligations to political authorities lead to more severe, periodic famines; however, outside of famine events, these same factors improve average population welfare by suppressing population density to levels at which Malthusian constraints have lessened impact. The combination of behavioural and population ecological modelling methods has broad and complementary potential for illustrating the dynamic properties of complex, coupled human–natural systems. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 337-348 Issue: 4 Volume: 20 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631415Y.0000000025 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631415Y.0000000025 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:20:y:2015:i:4:p:337-348 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andreas Angourakis Author-X-Name-First: Andreas Author-X-Name-Last: Angourakis Author-Name: José Ignacio Santos Author-X-Name-First: José Ignacio Author-X-Name-Last: Santos Author-Name: José Manuel Galán Author-X-Name-First: José Manuel Author-X-Name-Last: Galán Author-Name: Andrea L. Balbo Author-X-Name-First: Andrea L. Author-X-Name-Last: Balbo Title: Food for all: An agent-based model to explore the emergence and implications of cooperation for food storage Abstract: A consistent access to food is paramount for humans at individual and group level. Besides providing the basic nutritional needs, access to food defines social structures and has stimulated innovation in food procurement, processing and storage. We focus on the social aspects of food storage, namely the role of cooperation for the emergence and maintenance of common stocks. Cooperative food stocks are examined here as a type of common-pool resource, where appropriators must cooperate to avoid shortage (i.e. the tragedy of commons). ‘Food for all’ is an agent-based model in which agents face the social dilemma of whether or not to store in a cooperative stock, adapting their strategies through a simple reinforcement learning mechanism. The model provides insights on the evolution of cooperation in terms of storage efficiency and considering the presence of social norms that regulate reciprocity. For cooperative food storage to emerge and be maintained, a significant dependency on the stored food and some degree of external pressure are needed. In fact, cooperative food storage emerges as the best performing strategy when facing environmental stress. Likewise, an intermediate control over reciprocity favours cooperation for food storage, suggesting that concepts of closed reciprocity are precursors to cooperative stocks, while excess control over reciprocity is detrimental for such institution. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 349-363 Issue: 4 Volume: 20 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000041 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000041 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:20:y:2015:i:4:p:349-363 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andrea L. Balbo Author-X-Name-First: Andrea L. Author-X-Name-Last: Balbo Author-Name: Dan Cabanes Author-X-Name-First: Dan Author-X-Name-Last: Cabanes Author-Name: Juan José García-Granero Author-X-Name-First: Juan José Author-X-Name-Last: García-Granero Author-Name: Anna Bonet Author-X-Name-First: Anna Author-X-Name-Last: Bonet Author-Name: P. Ajithprasad Author-X-Name-First: P. Author-X-Name-Last: Ajithprasad Author-Name: Xavier Terradas Author-X-Name-First: Xavier Author-X-Name-Last: Terradas Title: A microarchaeological approach for the study of pits Abstract: The study of the technology underlying pre-industrial storage structures has an interest from an anthropological and archaeological perspective, in terms of the evolution of key cultural and cognitive capabilities, often related to the transition to food production.Microarchaeological techniques offer a unique perspective on the study of pre-industrial storing technologies. In this work, examples are presented from two archaeological contexts in different climatic and socio-ecological situations during the Holocene in S Asia and SW Europe. Microarchaeological techniques used in this study include micromorphology, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and phytolith analyses. The comparative study of two pits highlights key aspects of the decision-making process involved in technological solutions of storage: •The choice of a location for the construction of a given storage facility is highly affected by contextual climatic, microclimatic, soil and bioturbative factors•The time taken to consume stored foodstuffs seems to affect technological investment as much as the intrinsic conservation requirements of the stored taxa•The use of fire to hygienise pits implies that such structures were not conceived for single use•Pre-industrial storage systems can be seen as modular structures, which components (e.g. topographical location, sediment type, lining type, hygienisation techniques and cover) can be recombined to improve storage performance for different climatic settings and foodstuffs. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 390-405 Issue: 4 Volume: 20 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000044 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000044 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:20:y:2015:i:4:p:390-405 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael J. O'Brien Author-X-Name-First: Michael J. Author-X-Name-Last: O'Brien Author-Name: R. Alexander Bentley Author-X-Name-First: R. Alexander Author-X-Name-Last: Bentley Title: The role of food storage in human niche construction: An example from Neolithic Europe Abstract: Niche construction theory, a branch of evolutionary biology, places emphasis on the capacity of organisms, through their metabolism, activities and choices, to modify natural selection in their environment and thereby act as co-directors of their own evolution as well as that of others. Humans are potent niche constructors, and understanding how niche construction regulates ecosystem dynamics is central to understanding the impact of human populations on their ecological and developmental environments. A classic example is provided by the evolution of dairying by Neolithic groups in Europe and the significant role played by storage in the development of the dairying niche. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 364-378 Issue: 4 Volume: 20 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000053 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000053 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:20:y:2015:i:4:p:364-378 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leonor Peña-Chocarro Author-X-Name-First: Leonor Author-X-Name-Last: Peña-Chocarro Author-Name: Guillem Pérez Jordà Author-X-Name-First: Guillem Author-X-Name-Last: Pérez Jordà Author-Name: Jacob Morales Mateos Author-X-Name-First: Jacob Author-X-Name-Last: Morales Mateos Author-Name: Lydia Zapata Author-X-Name-First: Lydia Author-X-Name-Last: Zapata Title: Storage in traditional farming communities of the western Mediterranean: Ethnographic, historical and archaeological data Abstract: This paper presents ethnographic, historic and archaeological data from the western Mediterranean in order to explore the variability of storage methods and the various strategies that may have existed in the past in this region. The paper includes ethnographic information on traditional storage methods collected in farming communities in northern Morocco (Rif area). We record the use of plant fibres such as canes (Arundo donax), dwarf palm (Chamaerops humilis), esparto grass (Stipa tenacissima) and dis (Ampelodesmos mauritanica) to make containers. Recipients made of cow dung and unfired clay, as well as underground silos, have been also used in this region to store food. In addition, we explore historical and ethnohistorical data on the use of large storage structures, including the study of communal granaries, a particular type of granary located at inaccessible places, such as cliff faces or mountain tops, or within fortified buildings, from which harvests can be easily protected and defended. We also examine the archaeological evidence of storage strategies in the Iberian Peninsula during prehistoric times. The paper informs of the large variety of systems and materials used, the functioning of storage structures, and more generally, provides a framework for reflecting on the enormous diversity of solutions that could have existed in the past and that may have left little or none archeological traces. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 379-389 Issue: 4 Volume: 20 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631415Y.0000000004 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631415Y.0000000004 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:20:y:2015:i:4:p:379-389 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tim P. Bayliss-Smith Author-X-Name-First: Tim P. Author-X-Name-Last: Bayliss-Smith Author-Name: Edvard Hviding Author-X-Name-First: Edvard Author-X-Name-Last: Hviding Title: Landesque capital as an alternative to food storage in Melanesia: Irrigated taro terraces in New Georgia, Solomon Islands Abstract: In the Pacific islands, subsistence diversity made possible continuous production of food while well-developed exchange networks redistributed these foodstuffs as well as items within the prestige economy. All these were aspects of the ‘storage structures’ that enabled social and nutritional value to be saved, accumulated and later mobilised. In addition, there were investments in the land, landesque capital, which secured future food surpluses and so provided an alternative to food storage, in a region where the staple foods were mostly perishable, yams excepted, and food preservation was difficult. Landesque capital included such long-term improvements to productivity as terraces, mounds, irrigation channels, drainage ditches, soil structural changes and tree planting. These investments provided an effective alternative to food storage and made possible surplus production for exchange purposes. As an example, in the New Georgia group of the western Solomon Islands irrigated terraces, termed ruta, were constructed for growing the root crop taro (Colocasia esculenta). Surplus taro from ruta enabled inland groups to participate in regional exchange networks and so obtain the shell valuables that were produced by coastal groups. In this paper, we reconstruct how this exchange system worked in New Georgia using ethno-archaeological evidence, we chart its prehistoric rise and post-colonial fall, and we outline the factors that constrained its long-term expansion. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 425-436 Issue: 4 Volume: 20 Year: 2015 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000049 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000049 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:20:y:2015:i:4:p:425-436 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Catrin Kost Author-X-Name-First: Catrin Author-X-Name-Last: Kost Author-Name: Shumon T. Hussain Author-X-Name-First: Shumon T. Author-X-Name-Last: Hussain Title: Archaeo-Ornithology: Towards an Archaeology of Human-Bird Interfaces Abstract: This editorial introduces Archaeo-Ornithology as a distinct field of inquiry and discusses its multidisciplinary background and potential contribution to a more nuanced characterisation of changing human-animal interfaces through time and space. We propose a new conceptual model – grounded in the analysis of ‘triangles of interaction’ – to elucidate the interactional dynamics which underpin varying human-animal relationships. The utility of this approach is demonstrated by exploring the example of anthropogenic space as a key context of human-bird figurations. Each contributing paper of the special issue, which will be introduced in more detail below, foregrounds different aspects and emphasises varying dimensions of the triangle, thus contributing in different ways to archaeo-ornithological research. As highlighted throughout the introduction, however, archaeo-ornithological approaches are not only capable of shedding new light on old questions about the past, they also have the potential of addressing some pressing contemporary quandaries, including continuing debates on the Anthropocene. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 337-358 Issue: 4 Volume: 24 Year: 2019 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2019.1590984 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2019.1590984 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:24:y:2019:i:4:p:337-358 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shumon T. Hussain Author-X-Name-First: Shumon T. Author-X-Name-Last: Hussain Title: Gazing at Owls? Human-strigiform Interfaces and their Role in the Construction of Gravettian Lifeworlds in East-Central Europe Abstract: This paper develops a new perspective on human-owl relations in the Pavlovian, a regional group of the early Gravettian of East-Central Europe. It argues that the regular representation of owls in figurative art and ornamentation in this context must be understood as a result of unique conditions of encounter and interaction emerging at the intersection of Southern Moravian early MIS 2-environments, Pavlovian sociocultural practice, and owl presence and behaviour. It is shown that the diverse and tree-rich environments of East-Central Europe, and the Pavlovian Hill region in particular, provided highly favourable living conditions for a rich owl community. In conjunction with Pavlovian settlement behaviour which produced large-scale aggregation sites and seems to have been associated with a more sedentary mode of life, humans were thus particularly exposed to owls that likely dominated the nightly soundscapes of the region. This coincides with the fact that many of the present owl species are resident birds and aligns with compelling evidence for a pronounced ‘sense of place’ in the region's early Gravettian. The paper therefore suggests considering the saliency of negotiating the owl theme in the Pavlovian as an expression of the general eco-cultural entanglement of humans and owls in this setting. I argue that human-owl relations in the Pavlovian might have ultimately been fashioned by a shared sense of place. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 359-376 Issue: 4 Volume: 24 Year: 2019 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1434854 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1434854 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:24:y:2019:i:4:p:359-376 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nerissa Russell Author-X-Name-First: Nerissa Author-X-Name-Last: Russell Title: Spirit Birds at Neolithic Çatalhöyük Abstract: As they soar into the air and dive below the water's surface, birds inspire awe for their superhuman capacity to pass among earth, air, and water. People often see birds as spirits, or as messengers to and from the spirit world. Whereas at earlier sites in the region birds made a significant contribution to human diet, at Neolithic Çatalhöyük in Central Anatolia their nutritional significance is small. Body part distributions suggest that for the most part feathers were more important than meat. Bird remains, mainly the feathery parts of wings, appear in a number of special deposits at Çatalhöyük. Together with artistic representations, these deposits suggest that cranes and vultures played key roles in life cycle transitions and were invoked mimetically through dance. Additionally, waterbirds, particularly in association with newborn human infants, may have mediated between human and spirit worlds. Although there is little indication that Çatalhöyük residents made much use of brightly coloured feathers, bird wing deposits do attest to the importance of colour symbolism at the site. Thus bird remains offer material evidence of aspects of Neolithic cosmology and ontology, as well as social structure. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 377-386 Issue: 4 Volume: 24 Year: 2019 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1422685 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1422685 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:24:y:2019:i:4:p:377-386 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: María Lazarich Author-X-Name-First: María Author-X-Name-Last: Lazarich Author-Name: Antonio Ramos-Gil Author-X-Name-First: Antonio Author-X-Name-Last: Ramos-Gil Author-Name: Juan Luis González-Pérez Author-X-Name-First: Juan Luis Author-X-Name-Last: González-Pérez Title: Prehistoric Bird Watching in Southern Iberia? The Rock Art of Tajo de las Figuras Reconsidered Abstract: This paper studies the relationship between humans and birds in the recent prehistory of the Southern Iberian Peninsula. With its high number of bird, mammal, and anthropomorphic paintings, a small rock shelter –Tajo de las Figuras– provides an excellent case study to address this topic. The cave is situated in an ecosystem that, as we will argue, favoured human-bird interactions and enabled prehistoric groups to engage with a diverse and rich bird community at particular times of the year. Even though the recorded depictions can generally be integrated into the wider ‘Schematic’ style regime characterising the recent prehistory of the region, they exhibit some outstanding features including a highly distinct naturalism. This naturalism enables us to identify the represented birds, not only at the family but also at the species level. Our contribution describes these pictorial data and contextualises them with the ecology, archaeology, and archaeozoology of the area. We intend to show that the singularity of the image-corpus registered at Tajo de las Figuras mirrors the unique conditions of human-bird interactions at the time. We suggest that the significance of the images derives from the special location of the cave in the wider landscape encouraging early practices of bird watching. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 387-399 Issue: 4 Volume: 24 Year: 2019 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1563372 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1563372 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:24:y:2019:i:4:p:387-399 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Adrienne C. Frie Author-X-Name-First: Adrienne C. Author-X-Name-Last: Frie Title: Extraordinary Creatures: The Role of Birds in Early Iron Age Slovenia Abstract: Depictions of birds are overrepresented in the Dolenjska Hallstatt culture, and appear on over a quarter of artefacts depicting animals. A wide variety of artefacts with birds have been found primarily in graves, and crosscut gender, status, and age. However, poor preservation of zooarchaeological remains has made reconstructions of lived human-bird interactions difficult. This study uses ecological and ethological data, combined with local imagery, to provide insight into prehistoric human-bird interfaces in this area, and the cultural conceptions surrounding these interactions. Birds would have been a constant presence in the lives of Dolenjska Hallstatt people; however, human relationships with them were based more on observation than direct interaction. Birds were ubiquitous in imagery, and it is proposed that this stemmed from Dolenjska Hallstatt conceptions of birds as important observers of human actions, ritual mediators, and possibly guides or guardians. Their differences from humans and other animals distinguished them – they were set apart, and depictions highlighted non-normative behaviours. Birds in the Dolenjska Hallstatt worldview were more than animals, ascribed extraordinary capabilities that made them ritually potent and richly symbolic creatures. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 400-410 Issue: 4 Volume: 24 Year: 2019 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1435981 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1435981 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:24:y:2019:i:4:p:400-410 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Catrin Kost Author-X-Name-First: Catrin Author-X-Name-Last: Kost Title: Chasing the Halcyon Light – Human-Kingfisher Relations in Eastern Han-Dynasty China (CE 25–220) and Their Material, Sociocultural and Ecological Articulations Abstract: This article takes a fresh look at human-kingfisher relations in Eastern Han-dynasty China (CE 25–220). It argues that the confined appearance of kingfisher figurines in graves excavated in the southwest of the modern-day People’s Republic of China reflects the structural differences in human-kingfisher interactions between the centre(s) of the Han empire and its peripheries. By re-visiting the archaeology of the figurines and placing them into the wider cultural and ecological context, it is shown that distinct sociocultural transformations such as urbanisation processes and infrastructural projects profoundly changed the exposure and interactional dynamics between humans and kingfishers in the northern parts of the realm. This situation contrasted sharply with human-kingfisher interfaces in the southwest, where relatively ‘untamed’ environments harbouring a great number and diversity of kingfishers provided more favourable conditions for encountering them. I propose that this framework, in turn, fostered conceptualizations of kingfishers in which the birds came to encapsulate an experience fundamentally opposed to the type of human preponderance showcased in the core areas. By discussing a set of local practices and beliefs that might have further promoted this view, I suggest that they served as catalysts for the emergence of the kingfisher figurines at a particular time in a specific place. In this wider context, the article finally considers whether the southward expansion of the Eastern Han, with which the appearance of the figurines coincides, contributed to a re-configuration of north–south dynamics, shaping the general logic of human-kingfisher relations at the time. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 411-433 Issue: 4 Volume: 24 Year: 2019 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1563980 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1563980 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:24:y:2019:i:4:p:411-433 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Erica Hill Author-X-Name-First: Erica Author-X-Name-Last: Hill Title: Humans, Birds and Burial Practices at Ipiutak, Alaska: Perspectivism in the Western Arctic Abstract: Archaeological and ethnohistoric evidence from the coast of western Alaska and St. Lawrence Island indicate that human inhabitants over the past 1500–2000 years incorporated birds into their diets, cosmologies, material culture, and daily activities. Following a brief discussion of the archaeological and ethnohistoric evidence for human–bird relations, this article explores the evidence for birds as both an economic and cosmological resource at the Ipiutak site on the northwest coast of Alaska. Several lines of evidence indicate that hunters and shamans have consistently attempted to mimic or acquire the abilities and physical attributes of select bird taxa, reflecting a sophisticated knowledge of bird behaviours and life histories. A specific concern with vision – shamanic, predatory, and post-mortem – is inferred from an unusual Ipiutak burial assemblage that contained a loon skull with ivory eyes. Considered in light of the broader cemetery assemblage, which includes artefacts with bird imagery, the Ipiutak material is interpreted as evidence of perspectivism in western arctic prehistory. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 434-448 Issue: 4 Volume: 24 Year: 2019 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1460031 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1460031 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:24:y:2019:i:4:p:434-448 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chiara Assunta Corbino Author-X-Name-First: Chiara Assunta Author-X-Name-Last: Corbino Author-Name: Umberto Albarella Author-X-Name-First: Umberto Author-X-Name-Last: Albarella Title: Wild Birds of the Italian Middle Ages: Diet, Environment and Society Abstract: Wild birds are intrinsically associated with our perception of the Middle Ages. They often feature in heraldic designs, paintings, and books of hours; few human activities typify the medieval period better than falconry. Prominent in medieval iconography, wild birds feature less frequently in written sources (as they were rarely the subject of trade transactions or legal documents) but they can be abundant in archaeological sites. In this paper we highlight the nature of wild bird exploitation in Italian medieval societies, ranging from their role as food items to their status and symbolic importance. A survey of 13 Italian medieval sites corresponding to 19 ‘period sites’, dated from the fifth to the fifteenth centuries, reveals the occurrence of more than 100 species (certainly an under-estimate of the actual number). Anseriformes and Columbiformes played a prominent role in the mid- and late medieval Italian diet, though Passeriformes and wild Galliformes were also important. In the late Middle Ages, there is an increase in species diversity and in the role of hunting as an important marker of social status. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 449-459 Issue: 4 Volume: 24 Year: 2019 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1516371 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1516371 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:24:y:2019:i:4:p:449-459 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Antonio Blanco-González Author-X-Name-First: Antonio Author-X-Name-Last: Blanco-González Author-Name: José Antonio López-Sáez Author-X-Name-First: José Antonio Author-X-Name-Last: López-Sáez Title: Dynamics of pioneer colonisation in the Early Iron Age in the Duero basin (Central Iberia, Spain): Integrating archaeological and palynological records Abstract: This study addresses the earliest strategies of permanent occupation in the mountainous regions bordering Northern Meseta in inland Iberia. This piece of work gathers together and discusses archaeological information about settlement in the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age and previously published high-resolution palynological cores from three study areas. Its major goal is to assess both archaeological and pollen records in order to gain a better understanding of the dynamics of occupation and transformation of these upland settings. Until cal 700 BC there are no clear signs of permanence in the highlands surrounding the Duero basin, but from that point onwards various initiatives of small-scale spontaneous colonisation have been identified. Colonisation in the Iron Age involved pastoralism, cereal agriculture and a significant use of forestry resources, causing a major anthropogenic impact with irreversible consequences. The outlined account constitutes the first synthetic overview at a macro-regional scale on the beginnings of the integrated and diversified strategies implemented in these upland regions. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 102-113 Issue: 2 Volume: 18 Year: 2013 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000025 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000025 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:18:y:2013:i:2:p:102-113 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wim Van Neer Author-X-Name-First: Wim Author-X-Name-Last: Van Neer Author-Name: Anton Ervynck Author-X-Name-First: Anton Author-X-Name-Last: Ervynck Author-Name: An Lentacker Author-X-Name-First: An Author-X-Name-Last: Lentacker Author-Name: Jan Bastiaens Author-X-Name-First: Jan Author-X-Name-Last: Bastiaens Author-Name: Koen Deforce Author-X-Name-First: Koen Author-X-Name-Last: Deforce Author-Name: Els Thieren Author-X-Name-First: Els Author-X-Name-Last: Thieren Author-Name: Joris Sergant Author-X-Name-First: Joris Author-X-Name-Last: Sergant Author-Name: Philippe Crombé Author-X-Name-First: Philippe Author-X-Name-Last: Crombé Title: Hunting, gathering, fishing and herding: Animal exploitation in Sandy Flanders (NW Belgium) during the second half of the fifth millennium BC Abstract: At Doel, in the lower basin of the river Scheldt, excavations have revealed camp sites of the Swifterbant culture dating back to the second half of the fifth millennium BC. They document the transition period from the Late Mesolithic to the Early Neolithic in Sandy Flanders (NW Belgium). The sites were situated on the top of sandy ridges which were covered with an alluvial hardwood forest vegetation and surrounded by wetlands. Only burnt animal remains survived at the sites, illustrating (seasonal) fishing and hunting. In addition, botanical evidence indicates the herding of domestic mammals. The finds are of importance for the reconstruction of the chronological development of the food economy of the Swifterbant culture. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 87-101 Issue: 2 Volume: 18 Year: 2013 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000032 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000032 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:18:y:2013:i:2:p:87-101 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stein Atle Lie Author-X-Name-First: Stein Atle Author-X-Name-Last: Lie Author-Name: Rolf W. Lie Author-X-Name-First: Rolf W. Author-X-Name-Last: Lie Title: Changes in survival of cattle (Bos taurus) during Medieval times in two Norwegian cities Abstract: Bones (diaphyses) have epiphyses that fuse at a given age. This indicates if the animal was older or younger than the age of fusion for that specific epiphysis at death. In this short contribution, we present a new methodology to calculate survival/mortality of cattle on the basis of epiphysial fusion. We used cattle bones, excavated in two Norwegian cities, Oslo and Trondheim, to calculate survival and changes in mortality for cattle during the period from AD1000 to AD1624. This is based on standard logistic regression models, using a complementary log–log link and the log of age of fusion of the epiphyses as independent variable, an approach recognised as a ‘Weibull-model for current-status-data’. Mortality of cattle was higher in the city of Trondheim than in Oslo. For both cities the mortality of cattle decreased, and the life-span increased, during the period from the AD1000 until AD1350. In Oslo, mortality after 1350 was similar to that between 1150 and 1250, while in Trondheim, it was similar to the mortality in the period from 1250 to 1350. We have shown that mortality curves can be calculated using epiphysial fusion data, and using this approach have demonstrated a change in cattle mortality which corresponds to significant historic events during the medieval period. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 178-183 Issue: 2 Volume: 18 Year: 2013 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000028 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000028 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:18:y:2013:i:2:p:178-183 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mark Robinson Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Robinson Title: The relative abundance of Onthophagus species in British assemblages of dung beetles as evidence for Holocene climate change Abstract: The ratio between scarabaeid beetles of the genera Aphodius and Onthophagus in European dung faunas is influenced by summer climate, such that individuals of Aphodius species predominate in Northern Europe but are largely replaced by Onthophagus species in the Mediterranean region. Detailed study of insect assemblages from Neolithic to Saxon date showed a changing ratio between the genera with time. For the Neolithic and most of the Bronze Age, individuals of Onthophagus contributed around 16% of the sum of Aphodius and Onthophagus, but during the Iron Age the proportion of Onthophagus fell to around 3% and remained low. This decline of Onthophagus was probably the result of a slight cooling of mean summer temperature and agricultural intensification. However, the proportion of Onthophagus peaked at over 60% during the middle Bronze Age around 1450 BC. This is argued as reflecting a brief warm episode with mean July temperatures for Central Southern England at least 2°C warmer than at present. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 132-142 Issue: 2 Volume: 18 Year: 2013 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000031 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000031 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:18:y:2013:i:2:p:132-142 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lídia Colominas Author-X-Name-First: Lídia Author-X-Name-Last: Colominas Author-Name: Enriqueta Pons Author-X-Name-First: Enriqueta Author-X-Name-Last: Pons Author-Name: Maria Saña Author-X-Name-First: Maria Author-X-Name-Last: Saña Title: Ritual practices and collective consumption of animal products at the Iron Age rural settlement of Mas Castellar de Pontós (Girona, Spain) (5th–4th centuries BC) Abstract: Animals have played an important role in certain ceremonies or rites in the past. During such activities, animals may have been alive, dead or been used as raw material. The disposal of detritus from these practices can lead to the formation of faunal assemblages with a particular taxonomic and anatomic composition. At the Iron Age ‘Mas Castellar de Pontós’ site (Girona, Spain), associations of archaeological materials excavated from Pit feature FS362 were suggestive of deposits arising from collective ceremonial consumption. Analysis of the 1309 mammal remains recovered from this feature is used to determine the nature and dynamics of the ceremony. At the same time, the relationship of these faunal remains with the other archaeological materials recovered in the pit will allow light to be shed on the significance and importance of these ceremonies in the framework of the social and political relations that governed the life of the inhabitants of this settlement. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 154-164 Issue: 2 Volume: 18 Year: 2013 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000026 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000026 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:18:y:2013:i:2:p:154-164 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mark Robinson Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Robinson Title: Holocene archaeological evidence of extinct and very rare British Scarabaeoidea Abstract: The analysis of British Holocene insect assemblages has discovered nine species of scarabaeoid dung beetles which are now extinct in Britain and two more that are extremely rare. Some of these species had been suspected as native by early 19th century entomologists but doubt had been cast on specimens in old collections of British Coleoptera. Eight are dung feeders which, although they would have initially been favoured by clearance for pasture and a possible warm climate episode in the middle Bronze Age, subsequently declined as a result of increasing cultivation and a slight cooling of the summer climate. The other three species probably became extinct due to human-induced habitat loss. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 143-153 Issue: 2 Volume: 18 Year: 2013 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000030 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000030 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:18:y:2013:i:2:p:143-153 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daniele Arobba Author-X-Name-First: Daniele Author-X-Name-Last: Arobba Author-Name: Francesca Bulgarelli Author-X-Name-First: Francesca Author-X-Name-Last: Bulgarelli Author-Name: Consolata Siniscalco Author-X-Name-First: Consolata Author-X-Name-Last: Siniscalco Author-Name: Rosanna Caramiello Author-X-Name-First: Rosanna Author-X-Name-Last: Caramiello Title: Roman landscape and agriculture on the Ligurian coast through macro and microremains from a Vada Sabatia well (Vado Ligure, Italy) Abstract: The results of an analysis on plant remains (fruit, seeds, pollen and wood) found in sediments in a Roman well in Vada Sabatia (Vado Ligure, Liguria, Italy), dated between the first and fourth centuries AD are presented. The remains are well preserved and constitute an exceptional record of the Ligurian area. Five layers have been recognised: three corresponding to the well when in use and two to the well when it was no longer in use. The vegetational cover of the area has been found to be similar to that observed in the coastal plain near Albingaunum (Albenga) pertaining to the same period. Moreover, the two superficial layers have cumulated a large amount of macroremains related to the period in which the well was no longer in use. The principal tree and vegetable crops and cereals of the coastal plain were present, due to the influence of maritime and mercantile trade, as were the prevailing ruderal and weed species and the tree cover. The presence of carpological remains of Castanea sativa, Secale cereale, Beta vulgaris and Cucumis sativus is reported for the first time in the Roman Age in Liguria. The influence of the arrival of the Romans can be seen from new crops, such as Prunus persica, and the introduction of exotic fruit like Phoenix dactylifera and Ziziphus jujuba. Several wooden artefacts, for example, a rack for drying lucerne and a tool handle, made of Cornus or Viburnum and Viburnum cf. lantana respectively, have been found. The well has proved to be an ideal location for the preservation of plant remains compared with other studied archaeological situations in Liguria and in Southern France, as it presents a higher variety of cultivated fruits, vegetables and cereals. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 114-131 Issue: 2 Volume: 18 Year: 2013 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000027 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000027 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:18:y:2013:i:2:p:114-131 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kim Vickers, Author-X-Name-First: Kim Author-X-Name-Last: Vickers, Author-Name: Guðrún Sveinbjarnardóttir Author-X-Name-First: Guðrún Author-X-Name-Last: Sveinbjarnardóttir Title: Insect invaders, seasonality and transhumant pastoralism in the Icelandic shieling economy Abstract: The seasonal movement of people and animals to summer farms, or shielings in outfield pastures was a key element of Iceland's farming practice for over a millennium. At these sites, cattle and sheep husbandry, dairying and the harvesting of outfield resources took place. Despite their central role in the Icelandic economy, evidence for shielings in the landscape is ambiguous and the identification of a site as a shieling, as opposed to a farm, has relied upon written and place name evidence. The Norse colonists introduced a range of insects in their fodder, stored food, dunnage and ballast. Many of these are unable to live under natural conditions in Iceland and are dependent on people for survival. In 1991 Buckland and Sadler suggested that these species might be expected to be absent at shielings, as the sweepstake of their introduction and the seasonal hiatus in occupation would preclude their successful colonisation. This paper presents new evidence from a sub-fossil insect assemblage, which indicates that some of these insects are present at an Icelandic shieling. The implications of this for discerning the materials imported to shielings and the usefulness of Coleoptera for the identification of seasonality in the North Atlantic is discussed. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 165-177 Issue: 2 Volume: 18 Year: 2013 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000029 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000029 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:18:y:2013:i:2:p:165-177 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gary A. King Author-X-Name-First: Gary A. Author-X-Name-Last: King Title: Exaptation and synanthropic insects: A diachronic interplay between biology and culture Abstract: Since 1982, Stephen J. Gould and Elisabeth Vrba's concept of exaptation has been adopted, to varying degrees, by a number of biological and social science disciplines. However, it remains a missing term in the study of archaeologically recovered insect remains and entomologically related artefacts. Exaptation refers to the process by which a characteristic acquires a function for which it was not originally adapted. The application of Gould and Vrba's concept to the field of archaeoentomology could enhance our perception of past social, environmental, and climatic conditions as well as interactions. Herein, biological and technological examples of the enduring relationship between synanthropic insects and humans are explored using the concept of exaptation. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 12-22 Issue: 1 Volume: 19 Year: 2014 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631413Y.0000000011 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631413Y.0000000011 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:19:y:2014:i:1:p:12-22 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ariane Burke Author-X-Name-First: Ariane Author-X-Name-Last: Burke Title: Neanderthals Among Mammoths: Excavations at Lynford Quarry, Norfolk Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 92-93 Issue: 1 Volume: 19 Year: 2014 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000050 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000050 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:19:y:2014:i:1:p:92-93 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jacob Deppen Author-X-Name-First: Jacob Author-X-Name-Last: Deppen Author-Name: Robert A. Cook Author-X-Name-First: Robert A. Author-X-Name-Last: Cook Title: Deer use in good times and in bad: A Fort Ancient case study from southwest Ohio Abstract: White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) utilisation before and during increased moisture variability and pronounced drought conditions during the late prehistory of southwestern Ohio is examined to assess the fit with the expectations of foraging efficiency models. The focus is on three Fort Ancient sites in the upper portion of the Great Miami River, including SunWatch, a large village located in present-day Dayton, Ohio. SunWatch was occupied during the Late Prehistoric era in the region. The earlier uses (AD 1150–1300) occurred during optimal moisture conditions. The later uses (AD 1300–1450) occurred within the context of increased droughts and extreme moisture variability. To address questions related to changing deer utilisation in response to drought, deer remains are examined temporally for the SunWatch site and two smaller Fort Ancient sites in the region (Wegerzyn and Wildcat). Results from this preliminary and exploratory study indicate that through time, deer body size is stable or decreases, juvenile deer became more abundant in the hunted assemblages, and human butchering strategies became less selective. These support the conclusion that environmental stress on the deer population led to a change in the deer population and influenced the way humans used deer. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 72-83 Issue: 1 Volume: 19 Year: 2014 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631413Y.0000000002 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631413Y.0000000002 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:19:y:2014:i:1:p:72-83 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Frank H. Neumann Author-X-Name-First: Frank H. Author-X-Name-Last: Neumann Author-Name: Jürgen Zangenberg Author-X-Name-First: Jürgen Author-X-Name-Last: Zangenberg Author-Name: Yinon Shivti'el Author-X-Name-First: Yinon Author-X-Name-Last: Shivti'el Author-Name: Stefan Münger Author-X-Name-First: Stefan Author-X-Name-Last: Münger Title: Galilee Blooming: First palynological and archaeological data from an Early Byzantine Cistern at Horvat Kur Abstract: Preliminary archaeological and palynological results are presented from an early Byzantine cistern of the village Horvat Kur in eastern Lower Galilee/Israel. The rural site was settled from the Hellenistic until the Early Arab period, its synagogue was constructed shortly after 425 AD and renovated sometimes during the 2nd half of the 6th century AD. It was abandoned probably as a consequence of the earthquake of 749 AD. The intact and properly sealed cistern contained complete or fully restorable pottery. Two cooking pots from the early 5th century AD comprised sediments which was sampled for palynological purposes. Both samples, as well as a sample from the soil beneath one of the pots and a modern surface sample from the site, revealed well preserved palynomorphs in comparably high concentration showing a great potential of the cistern as a pollen archive. The pollen content points to an open, grassy semiarid landscape with an apparent scarcity of cultivars and trees in the vicinity of the site and an abundance of herbs, especially Asteraceae, which are still commonly found in modern regional vegetation. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 39-54 Issue: 1 Volume: 19 Year: 2014 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631413Y.0000000004 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631413Y.0000000004 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:19:y:2014:i:1:p:39-54 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: René J. Buesa Author-X-Name-First: René J. Author-X-Name-Last: Buesa Title: Comparison of mangrove oyster shells lengths harvested in Cuba during the pre-Columbian era and the present day Abstract: The Mangrove oyster [Crassostrea rhizophorae (Guilding, 1828)] was intensely harvested in the pre-Columbian era by an aboriginal group of hunters and gatherers known as the Ciboney who lived exclusively in Western Cuba. During a comprehensive study of mangrove oyster fishing areas it was of interest to compare the population characteristics under contemporary exploitation with those in pre-Columbian times and for that purpose two samples were used: one from a Ciboney midden in an archeological site 3 km inland from the Jaruco River mouth and another from a commercially exploited population in the ecologically similar Tacajó River. The samples were studied with a ‘shell classifier’ of original design resulting in a mean length of 51.8 ± 2.5 mm for the midden shells and 51.0 ± 3.1 mm for the contemporary sample. Both values were not statistically different for any P > 0.10 meaning that the two populations they came from had similar characteristics. It was also concluded that the Ciboney's manual harvesting exerted less negative anthropogenic pressure on the mangrove oysters’ populations than the contemporary commercial practices based on the use of metal instruments to gather the oysters along with the mangrove aerial roots they are attached to. This latter conclusion is based on the fact that oyster shells 41–80 mm long from the midden are 12% more abundant than in the modern sample, in spite of 500 years of weathering. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 84-87 Issue: 1 Volume: 19 Year: 2014 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631413Y.0000000013 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631413Y.0000000013 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:19:y:2014:i:1:p:84-87 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Arturo Morales Author-X-Name-First: Arturo Author-X-Name-Last: Morales Title: Animals as Domesticates. A World View through History Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 90-91 Issue: 1 Volume: 19 Year: 2014 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000048 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000048 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:19:y:2014:i:1:p:90-91 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kasey F. Robb Author-X-Name-First: Kasey F. Author-X-Name-Last: Robb Author-Name: Patrick D. Nunn Author-X-Name-First: Patrick D. Author-X-Name-Last: Nunn Title: Changing role of nearshore-marine foods in the subsistence economy of inland upland communities during the last millennium in the tropical Pacific Islands: Insights from the Bā River Valley, Northern Viti Levu Island, Fiji Abstract: Although the Fiji Islands have been settled for more than 3000 years, the prehistoric settlement history of the 750-km2 Bā River Valley in northern Viti Levu Island is largely unknown. Investigations of two former upland settlement sites (Tubabaka and Vatusōsoso) in defensive locations, more than 10 km from the coast, and occupied perhaps AD 1250–1850, are reported here. At both sites, shellfish remains are abundant and dominated by nearshore-marine species that would have required round-trip journeys of at least 11·5–13 hours to obtain. Patterns of marine-shellfish consumption varied through time in a similar manner at both sites, increasing during their early occupation and declining later. This is likely to demonstrate the gradual adaptation of former coastal dwellers living at these sites to inland subsistence. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 1-11 Issue: 1 Volume: 19 Year: 2014 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631413Y.0000000012 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631413Y.0000000012 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:19:y:2014:i:1:p:1-11 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Robert A. Cook Author-X-Name-First: Robert A. Author-X-Name-Last: Cook Author-Name: William A. Lovis Author-X-Name-First: William A. Author-X-Name-Last: Lovis Title: Lake levels, mobility and lithic raw material selection and reduction strategies: A Great Lakes case study Abstract: It has recently been proposed that lowered lake levels after 4250 BP broadened opportunities for mobility and interaction patterns among hunter-gatherer populations in the Saginaw drainage and in Michigan more broadly (; ). Here, data are presented on chipped stone reduction strategies as reflected in two site assemblages in Bay City, Michigan (20BY28, 20BY387) that bridge this key point in time. The earliest Late Archaic components of these sites, occupied during the higher than modern post Nipissing recession ca. 3200 BP, are typified by on-site reduction of local cherts, often utilising a bipolar reduction strategy. Subsequent uses of the area largely shifted to lower elevations. The more recent site components contain both more diverse projectile styles, many of which can be linked with Ontario types, and higher occurrences of non-local raw materials, specifically Onondaga chert apparently arriving at the site as preforms. The last use of these sites occurred during the Late Woodland, also during lower water levels approaching modern, and reflecting the highest use of Onondaga chert. We suggest that these changes resulted from shifting mobility and exchange patterns, facilitated in part by lowered post Nipissing water levels. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 55-71 Issue: 1 Volume: 19 Year: 2014 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631413Y.0000000001 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631413Y.0000000001 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:19:y:2014:i:1:p:55-71 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tina Jakob Author-X-Name-First: Tina Author-X-Name-Last: Jakob Title: A Bioarchaeological Study of Medieval Burials on the Site of St Mary Spital: Excavations at Spitalfields Market, London E1, 1991–2007 Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 88-89 Issue: 1 Volume: 19 Year: 2014 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000046 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000046 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:19:y:2014:i:1:p:88-89 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Isabel Figueiral Author-X-Name-First: Isabel Author-X-Name-Last: Figueiral Author-Name: Pierre Séjalon Author-X-Name-First: Pierre Author-X-Name-Last: Séjalon Title: Archaeological wells in southern France: Late Neolithic to Roman plant remains from Mas de Vignoles IX (Gard) and their implications for the study of settlement, economy and environment Abstract: A study of plant remains from seven archaeological wells at Mas de Vignoles IX, near Nîmes, southern France, was used to shed light on a current gap in the archaeological record caused by erosion and modern agriculture. The analysis also explored the reliability of these sources for palaeoenvironmental and palaeoeconomical information. Significant results on the spatial organization of human habitation, economic activities, and on the environment and its exploitation were obtained for the Middle Neolithic to Roman periods. Furthermore, the Neolithic wells also provided the first early finds of fig seeds in France. The abundance of weed and ruderal plants up to the Iron Age is consistent with data from other studies and their dramatic decrease during the Roman period may have resulted from radical changes in land management. The study marks the first time, in southern France, that a group of wells from a single site have provided a complete record throughout the later prehistoric and Roman periods. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 23-38 Issue: 1 Volume: 19 Year: 2014 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631413Y.0000000009 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631413Y.0000000009 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:19:y:2014:i:1:p:23-38 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Umberto Albarella Author-X-Name-First: Umberto Author-X-Name-Last: Albarella Author-Name: Keith Dobney Author-X-Name-First: Keith Author-X-Name-Last: Dobney Author-Name: Peter Rowley-Conwy Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Rowley-Conwy Title: Size and shape of the Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa), with a view to the reconstruction of its Holocene history Abstract: A large assortment of skulls and skeletons of recent wild boar (Sus scrofa) from across the world has been used to collect tooth and bone measurements that can be compared to those from archaeological specimens. The data provide useful information for a reconstruction of the Holocene history of the species. The evidence collected so far highlights the great variability of the species and provides a baseline to be used for the interpretation of ancient material. It is shown that not only the size, but also the shape of teeth and mandibles can help in highlighting patterns of variability in wild boar from different areas. A number of geographic trends are identified in the variation of S. scrofa across its range, mainly concerning the differentiation of insular forms, and the existence of South–North and West–East clines. Other factors such as hybridisation with domestic stock, feralisation and human-induced movement of animals may also play an important role. A comparison with ancient material emphasises the existence of similarities as well as differences between modern and ancient populations. Although some of the geographic trends identified on the basis of the analysis of modern material seem to date back to early Holocene times, the morphological history of the species appears to be complex, and in more than one area fluctuations in body size seem to have occurred. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 103-136 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2009 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/146141009X12481709928283 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/146141009X12481709928283 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:14:y:2009:i:2:p:103-136 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laura C. McParland Author-X-Name-First: Laura C. Author-X-Name-Last: McParland Author-Name: Zoë Hazell Author-X-Name-First: Zoë Author-X-Name-Last: Hazell Author-Name: Gill Campbell Author-X-Name-First: Gill Author-X-Name-Last: Campbell Author-Name: Margaret E. Collinson Author-X-Name-First: Margaret E. Author-X-Name-Last: Collinson Author-Name: Andrew C. Scott Author-X-Name-First: Andrew C. Author-X-Name-Last: Scott Title: How the Romans got themselves into hot water: temperatures and fuel types used in firing a hypocaust Abstract: The remains of hypocausts are noted as being widespread throughout the Roman Empire but, whereas the structure of hypocaust systems has been widely documented, primary knowledge of operating temperatures is limited. The petrographic technique of reflectance microscopy is used here to quantify cell wall reflectance values for charcoals from the hypocaust furnace of a bath suite forming part of small Romano-British villa complex at Groundwell Ridge near Swindon (Wiltshire, UK). The technique utilises material of archaeological origin to infer operating temperatures of the hypocaust furnace using established calibrations. The charcoals recovered from the furnace were identified as being predominantly Quercus (Oak) with some Populus/Salix (poplar/willow). Mean random reflectance of the samples indicated furnace-operating temperatures of 330–410°C. These temperatures fall below that of charcoal fuel production and hence suggest that it was wood that was used to fuel the hypocaust at Groundwell Ridge and not charcoal. Knowledge of the operating temperature of the furnace is a starting point in further calculations to understand, using primary evidence, the operating temperatures throughout the hypocaust system. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 176-183 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2009 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/146141009X12481709928445 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/146141009X12481709928445 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:14:y:2009:i:2:p:176-183 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reviewers Author-X-Name-First: Author-X-Name-Last: Title: Reviews Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 191-203 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2009 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/146141009X12481709928526 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/146141009X12481709928526 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:14:y:2009:i:2:p:191-203 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sofie Vanpoucke Author-X-Name-First: Sofie Author-X-Name-Last: Vanpoucke Author-Name: Ingrid Mainland Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid Author-X-Name-Last: Mainland Author-Name: Bea De Cupere Author-X-Name-First: Bea Author-X-Name-Last: De Cupere Author-Name: Marc Waelkens Author-X-Name-First: Marc Author-X-Name-Last: Waelkens Title: Dental microwear study of pigs from the classical site of Sagalassos (SW Turkey) as an aid for the reconstruction of husbandry practices in ancient times Abstract: Microwear analysis of pig teeth from the classical site of Sagalassos (SW Turkey) is undertaken to obtain insight into pig management strategies in this region from the 1st to 7th centuries AD. Earlier research on modern pigs revealed significant differences in microwear patterns between stall-fed and free-ranging, rooting individuals. A comparison of the microwear data of the Sagalassos pig with those from archaeological and modern pigs with a known or presumed type of management shows that the microwear of the Sagalassos pigs is very different. It is suggested that the Sagalassos pigs had a very soft, non-abrasive diet, that in the first instance cannot be attributed to either management type. Therefore, the nature of the substrate on which the animals were foraging and its impact on microwear are considered and the microwear data are compared with the results of previous archaeozoological research carried out at the site. Further, diachronic changes in microwear patterns are investigated. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 137-154 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2009 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/146141009X12481709928328 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/146141009X12481709928328 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:14:y:2009:i:2:p:137-154 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martyn G. Allen Author-X-Name-First: Martyn G. Author-X-Name-Last: Allen Title: The re-identification of great bustard (Otis tarda) from Fishbourne Roman Palace, Chichester, West Sussex, as common crane (Grus grus) Abstract: This paper details the results of recent reanalysis of the animal remains from the 1960s excavations at Fishbourne Roman Palace, West Sussex. It argues that specimens originally identified as belonging to the great bustard are, in fact, misidentified remains of common crane. This discovery has important connotations. First, these findings need to be reported so that the avian archaeological record can be updated to avoid future syntheses of Romano-British faunal remains incorrectly including great bustard. Secondly, interpretations of the zooarchaeological remains at Fishbourne Palace will alter, due to the differing ecological histories of bustards and cranes. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 184-190 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2009 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/146141009X12481709928481 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/146141009X12481709928481 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:14:y:2009:i:2:p:184-190 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hannah Russ Author-X-Name-First: Hannah Author-X-Name-Last: Russ Author-Name: Andrew K. G. Jones Author-X-Name-First: Andrew K. G. Author-X-Name-Last: Jones Title: Late Upper Palaeolithic fishing in the Fucino Basin, central Italy, a detailed analysis of the remains from Grotta di Pozzo Abstract: Fish remains have been recovered from seven Upper Palaeolithic sites in the Fucino Basin, central Italy. Analyses of fish remains from one of these sites, Grotta di Pozzo, are presented here and discussed in relation to previous research on fish remains from other Fucino Basin sites. It is recognised that in previous studies little consideration has been given to identifying, or confirming accumulation agent(s) for fish remains. Three potential non-human accumulation agents are identified and considered in detail, but these do not explain the element representation patterns for fish remains recovered at Grotta di Pozzo. As such, it is likely that the fish bones from this site do represent the remains of human activity. Given this interpretation, the assemblage characteristics suggest that Grotta di Pozzo represents a site used for exploitation and processing of fish for transportation for later consumption, most likely on a seasonal basis. Further work on the fish from other Fucino Basin sites is needed to reliably rule out non-human deposition and increase understanding of fishing strategies in the Fucino Basin during the late Glacial period. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 155-162 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2009 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/146141009X12481709928364 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/146141009X12481709928364 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:14:y:2009:i:2:p:155-162 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Baruch Rosen Author-X-Name-First: Baruch Author-X-Name-Last: Rosen Author-Name: Ehud Galili Author-X-Name-First: Ehud Author-X-Name-Last: Galili Author-Name: Mina Weinstein-Evron Author-X-Name-First: Mina Author-X-Name-Last: Weinstein-Evron Title: Thorny burnet (Sarcopoterium spinosum L.) in a Roman shipwreck off the Israeli coast and the role of non-timber shrubs in ancient Mediterranean ships Abstract: This paper describes and discusses twigs of the dwarf shrub thorny burnet (Sarcopoterium spinosum L.) found in association with submerged remains of a Roman (4th century AD) shipwreck discovered off the Israeli Carmel coast. The twigs were recovered from within a crumpled lead container, interpreted as part of a bilge pump. The find demonstrates again that, under certain favourable circumstances, fragile botanical material can be preserved on ancient shipwreck sites. Similar twigs found previously in association with shipwrecks have been identified as dunnage, i.e. packing material intended to protect the cargo. In this particular case they were apparently used as a bilge pump filter. Thorny burnet grows profusely in the Eastern Mediterranean, but elsewhere only in a few isolated coastal areas most of which are in the vicinity of ancient ports. The wider implications of the past use of non-timber shrubs onboard ships is discussed, in particular, how this may have promoted colonisation by plants of areas beyond their natural distribution, and also how botanical material recovered from shipwrecks may help identify ancient sailing routes and ports of call. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 163-175 Issue: 2 Volume: 14 Year: 2009 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/146141009X12481709928409 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/146141009X12481709928409 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:14:y:2009:i:2:p:163-175 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sabine Karg Author-X-Name-First: Sabine Author-X-Name-Last: Karg Author-Name: Ralf Baumeister Author-X-Name-First: Ralf Author-X-Name-Last: Baumeister Author-Name: David Earle Robinson Author-X-Name-First: David Earle Author-X-Name-Last: Robinson Author-Name: Helmut Schlichtherle Author-X-Name-First: Helmut Author-X-Name-Last: Schlichtherle Title: Economic and environmental changes during the 4th and 3rd millennia BC: the 25th Jubilee Symposium of the AEA in Bad Buchau, southern Germany Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 3-5 Issue: 1 Volume: 11 Year: 2006 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963106x97016 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963106x97016 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:11:y:2006:i:1:p:3-5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christoph Herbig Author-X-Name-First: Christoph Author-X-Name-Last: Herbig Title: Archaeobotanical investigations in a settlement of the Horgener culture (3300 BC) 'Torwiesen II' at Lake Federsee, southern Germany (Archäobotanische Untersuchungen in einer Siedlung der Horgener Kultur (3300 BC) 'Torwiesen II' am Federsee, Süddeutschland) Abstract: The results of 46 archaeobotanical samples from the site 'Siedlung Torwiesen II' in the Federseereed, Stadt Bad Buchau, Kreis Biberach are presented here. The dendrochronological datings of the piles from this settlement of the Horgener culture are (placed) between 3293 and 3281 BC. The samples were taken from the refuse areas under or beside of the house forecourts or the entrance areas of the houses. As main crops naked barley (Hordeum vulgare L.ssp. nudum) and a tetraploid naked wheat species Triticum durum Desf./turgidum L.) were found. Emmer (Triticum dicoccon Schübl.) was rarely detected. Further crops were flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) and poppy (Papaver somniferum L.). The spectrum of the cultivated plants show a clear cultural connection with the regions further south, as the Lake Constance and Switzerland. Huge amounts of flax remains suppose that settlements at the lake Federsee were specialised on flax production already during the Late Neolithic period.Aus der dendrochronologisch auf 3293–3281 BC datierten und damit der frühen Horgener Kultur zuzuordnenden Siedlung Torwiesen II im Federseeried, Stadt Bad Buchau, Kreis Biberach konnten 46 Einzelproben archäobotanisch untersucht werden. Die Proben stammen aus Abfallzonen unterhalb oder seitlich der Hausvorplätze oder Hauseingangsbereiche. Hauptgetreide sind Nacktgerste (Hordeum vulgare ssp. nudum) und ein tetraploider Nachtweizen (Triticum durum vel turgidum). Emmer (Triticum dicoccon) ist selten. Weitere Kulturpflanzen sind Lein (Linum usitatissimum) und Schlafmohn (Papaver somniferum). Hervorzuheben ist eine durch die Anbaupflanzen nachweisbare kulturelle Verknüpfung zu weiter südlich gelegenen Siedlungen am deutschen Bodenseeufer und in der Schweiz. Die große Menge an Leinresten aus endneolithischen Siedlungen am Federsee, lässt eine Spezialisierung auf Leinanbau vermuten. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 131-142 Issue: 1 Volume: 11 Year: 2006 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963106x97115 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963106x97115 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:11:y:2006:i:1:p:131-142 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alexandra Krenn-Leeb Author-X-Name-First: Alexandra Author-X-Name-Last: Krenn-Leeb Title: Ecology and economy of the Late Neolithic Jevišovice culture in Austria. An interdisciplinary working program Abstract: This paper presents the working program for a research project in progress at the Institute of Pre- and Early History at the University in Vienna, Austria: 'Copper Age Man and the Environment in the Middle Danubian Region. Ecological, economic and sociological sources relating to the Late Neolithic Jevišovice Culture'. The programme offers archaeological research the opportunity to gain a completely new source base for the area of the Upper and Middle Danube. This has been developed in recent years and when placed in a scientific context it will provide completely new data relating to the ecological, economic and sociological conditions of the 4th and 3rd millennia BC.Investigations since 1999 have adopted a targeted approach aimed at improving the research status for this period. Through the application of new and innovative methods, the study of well-documented and finely-stratified features, and the early involvement of interdisciplinary research partners, an outstanding new source base been created. The application of scientific disciplines has led to new advances and a completely new insight into the life during the Copper Age — one of the most innovative epochs in prehistory. It has also proved possible to open up a completely new source base for related scientific disciplines, providing them with new research opportunities. This is due to very favourable conditions of preservation, both quantitative and qualitative, allowing the application of a great diversity of innovative methods. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 101-114 Issue: 1 Volume: 11 Year: 2006 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963106x97089 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963106x97089 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:11:y:2006:i:1:p:101-114 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Author-X-Name-First: Author-X-Name-Last: Title: Corrections for Issue 10.2 Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 2-2 Issue: 1 Volume: 11 Year: 2006 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2006.11.1.2 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2006.11.1.2 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:11:y:2006:i:1:p:2-2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andrea De Pascale Author-X-Name-First: Andrea Author-X-Name-Last: De Pascale Author-Name: Roberto Maggi Author-X-Name-First: Roberto Author-X-Name-Last: Maggi Author-Name: Carlo Montanari Author-X-Name-First: Carlo Author-X-Name-Last: Montanari Author-Name: Diego Moreno Author-X-Name-First: Diego Author-X-Name-Last: Moreno Title: Pollen, herds, jasper and copper mines: economic and environmental changes during the 4th and 3rd millennia BC in Liguria (NW Italy) Abstract: This paper reviews the interdisciplinary projects carried out during the last 25 years in eastern Liguria (NW Italy). These have brought together archaeologists, geographers, palaeobotanists and historians in a series of research exercises based upon many different types of evidence: archaeological excavation and survey, ecological analysis of existing landscapes, geoarchaeological, anthracological and palynological analyses. Taken together, the results of this research provide a rich source of material for developing an understanding of how humans in eastern Liguria have interacted with the landscape through time. The influence of human activity on the vegetation of Liguria, in the Late Neolithic, Copper Age (Chalcolithic) and Bronze Age, is part of a complex system of agricultural activity mainly involving transhumant pastoralism. Several peat sites and buried soils have supplied the palaeoecological data that indicate the considerable effect of this economic activity on the landscape: a reduction in fir woodland, a decrease in arboreal species and an increase in the diversity of light demanding herbaceous and fern taxa. The environmental and economic changes during the 4th and 3rd millennia BC in eastern Liguria are also testified to by the starting of quarrying and mining activities to obtain both red jasper and copper. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 115-124 Issue: 1 Volume: 11 Year: 2006 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963106x97098 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963106x97098 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:11:y:2006:i:1:p:115-124 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Edith Schmidt Author-X-Name-First: Edith Author-X-Name-Last: Schmidt Title: Remains of fly puparia as indicators of Neolithic cattle farming Abstract: Remains of invertebrates were examined from four Final Neolithic settlements of the northern Federsee region in Upper Swabia. High concentrations of fly puparia (Diptera, Sepsidae, Sphaeroceridae, Muscidae) indicate cattle husbandry within the settlements. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 143-144 Issue: 1 Volume: 11 Year: 2006 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963106x97124 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963106x97124 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:11:y:2006:i:1:p:143-144 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mari Høgestøl Author-X-Name-First: Mari Author-X-Name-Last: Høgestøl Author-Name: Lisbeth Prøsch-Danielsen Author-X-Name-First: Lisbeth Author-X-Name-Last: Prøsch-Danielsen Title: Impulses of agro-pastoralism in the 4th and 3rd millennia BC on the south-western coastal rim of Norway Abstract: A review of the available archaeological and palaeoecological evidence from the coastal heathlands of south-western Norway was compiled to reveal the processes of neolithisation proceeding from the Early Neolithic towards the generally accepted breakthrough in the Late Neolithic, 2500/2350 cal. BC. South-western Norway then became part of the Scandinavian, and thus the European, agricultural complex. Three phases of forest clearance are recorded — from 4000–3600 cal. BC, 2500–2200 cal. BC and 1900–1400 cal. BC. Deforestation was intentional and followed a regional pattern linked to the geology and topography of the land. In the first period (4000–2500 cal. BC), forage from broad-leaved trees was important, while cereal cultivation was scarcely recorded. Agro-Neolithic (here referring to agriculturally-related Neolithic) artefacts and eco-facts belonging to the Funnel Beaker and Battle Axe culture are rare, but pervasive. They must primarily be considered to be status indicators with a ritual function; the hunter-gatherer economy still dominated. The breakthrough in agro-pastoral production in the Late Neolithic was complex and the result of interactions between several variables, i.e. a) deforestation resulting from agriculture being practised for nearly 1500 years b) experience with small-scale agriculture through generations and c) intensified exchange systems with other South Scandinavian regions. From 2500/2350 cal. BC onwards, two distinct environmental courses are noticeable in all pollen diagrams from the study area, indicating expansion in pastoralism, either towards heath or towards grassland and permanent fields. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 19-34 Issue: 1 Volume: 11 Year: 2006 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963106x97034 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963106x97034 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:11:y:2006:i:1:p:19-34 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Niels Nørkjær Johannsen Author-X-Name-First: Niels Nørkjær Author-X-Name-Last: Johannsen Title: Draught cattle and the South Scandinavian economies of the 4th millennium BC Abstract: This paper presents an osteomorphological survey of evidence for draught utilisation of cattle in the South Scandinavian TRB culture. The investigations focus on morphological changes in the lower limb bones of domestic cattle from a large number of archaeological sites and from several individual cattle skeletons found in bogs. The osteological results are discussed in the context of other lines of evidence, both archaeological and environmental, and one of the main themes of this discussion is the relationship between the adoption of animal traction and developments in land use. Furthermore, developments in the economic complex of the South Scandinavian TRB culture are compared with certain trends further south in Europe. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 35-48 Issue: 1 Volume: 11 Year: 2006 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963106x97043 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963106x97043 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:11:y:2006:i:1:p:35-48 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stefanie Jacomet Author-X-Name-First: Stefanie Author-X-Name-Last: Jacomet Title: Plant economy of the northern Alpine lake dwellings — 3500–2400 cal. BC Abstract: Considerable changes are observed in the abundance of cultivated plants in the northern Alpine foreland between 3500 and 2400 cal. BC. The importance of tetraploid naked wheat (Triticum durum Desf./turgidum L.) and opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) declines whereas that of glume wheat (mainly emmer, Triticum dicoccum Schübl.) and flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) increases progressively. The hypothesis presented here is that these developments are mainly due to changing cultural spheres of influence. Many of these changes are, however, not fully traceable due to the very heterogeneous and, in part, very poor state of research in this area. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 65-85 Issue: 1 Volume: 11 Year: 2006 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963106x97061 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963106x97061 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:11:y:2006:i:1:p:65-85 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jörg Schibler Author-X-Name-First: Jörg Author-X-Name-Last: Schibler Title: The economy and environment of the 4th and 3rd millennia BC in the northern Alpine foreland based on studies of animal bones Abstract: The economic and environmental data presented here are based on identifications of more than 275000 animal bones from 126 Neolithic lake shore settlements dated to between 4300 cal. BC and 2500 cal. BC. Due to the excellent state of preservation of all organic material and the consequent precise dating, mostly by dendrochronology, only results from lake shore sites in the Swiss alpine foreland and the area of the Bodensee (Lake Constance) have been considered. Marked fluctuations in the importance of game animals can be recognised throughout the Neolithic lake dwelling period. These fluctuations coincide with climatically induced economic crises which, because of starvation, forced people to intensify hunting and gathering. Looking at the relative importance of the different domestic animals we notice chronologically and geographically influenced differences more than the effects of climatic factors. These differences are mainly due to the environmental evolution resulting from human impact. However, cultural factors may also have had an impact. A comparison of archaeozoological data from the Neolithic lake dwelling sites dated to between 4300 and 2500 cal. BC in the northern Alpine foreland shows a very complicated mosaic of factors influencing the economy of these sites. These include climatic conditions, the state of the environment, human impact and the topography, and all must be taken into account if an economic interpretation of a site, region or period is to be arrived at. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 49-64 Issue: 1 Volume: 11 Year: 2006 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963106x97052 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963106x97052 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:11:y:2006:i:1:p:49-64 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alexa Dufraisse Author-X-Name-First: Alexa Author-X-Name-Last: Dufraisse Title: Firewood economy during the 4th millennium BC at Lake Clairvaux, Jura, France Abstract: This paper presents the results of charcoal analyses from two waterlogged sites located at Lake Clairvaux in the French Jura and dated to the period between 3700–3500 BC. The economy of firewood intended for domestic use was characterised in accordance with the spatial organisation of the sites on the lakeshore, the economic context and the environment. Because gathering modes mainly depend on the available biomass and resource proximity, charcoal spectra are representative of the exploited woodland. However, as firewood gathering is a major and vital activity, the Neolithic societies established a firewood economy closely linked to their social organisation and way of life and to the environment. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 87-99 Issue: 1 Volume: 11 Year: 2006 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963106x97070 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963106x97070 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:11:y:2006:i:1:p:87-99 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sabine Karg Author-X-Name-First: Sabine Author-X-Name-Last: Karg Title: The water chestnut (Trapa natans L.) as a food resource during the 4th to 1st millennia BC at Lake Federsee, Bad Buchau (southern Germany) Abstract: During archaeological excavations at several wetland sites around Lake Federsee, remains of water chestnut were detected. The finds are dated to between the 4th and 1st millennia BC. Until recently the starch-containing nuts of water chestnut were used for human nutrition in Europe. The nuts can easily be harvested in autumn. Pollen and plant macrofossil remains from several sites are proof of a wide distribution during the Holocene, probably influenced by humans. Nowadays this annual water plant is extinct in many parts of Europe. The growing conditions of water chestnut are strongly restricted with regard to water quality, depth and temperature, and therefore finds of this plant have the potential to allow reconstruction of former ecological conditions. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 125-130 Issue: 1 Volume: 11 Year: 2006 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963106x97106 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963106x97106 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:11:y:2006:i:1:p:125-130 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stefan Reiß Author-X-Name-First: Stefan Author-X-Name-Last: Reiß Author-Name: Rüdiger Kelm Author-X-Name-First: Rüdiger Author-X-Name-Last: Kelm Author-Name: Hans Rudolf Bork Author-X-Name-First: Hans Rudolf Author-X-Name-Last: Bork Title: Economics and environmental change during the Late Mesolithic and Neolithic periods — investigations in the valley of the Gieselau near Albersdorf, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany Abstract: Interactions between people and the environment have resulted in constant changes in relief and soil conditions since the Neolithic. Soil transport and degradation had considerable effects on human land use. Extensive field investigations (excavations, auger sampling), measurements (e.g. texture, pH-value, Corg, N), datings (14C, pottery), together with extensive literature searches in different scientific disciplines (archaeology, palaeoecology, palaeoclimatology etc.), made it possible to reconstruct the Holocene landscape development in four study areas along the valley of the Gieselau near Albersdorf (Schleswig-Holstein, Germany). Stratigraphies were established in the study areas. This paper describes landscape developments around Albersdorf and in northern Central Europe during the Late Mesolithic and Neolithic. The compiled data for the landscape and land-use history serve as a basis for the design of the extensive Archaeological-Ecological Centre Albersdorf (AÖZA) — occupying a site of approximately 40 hectares — using reconstructed features from the Neolithic landscapes. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 7-17 Issue: 1 Volume: 11 Year: 2006 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963106x97025 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963106x97025 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:11:y:2006:i:1:p:7-17 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Janet Montgomery Author-X-Name-First: Janet Author-X-Name-Last: Montgomery Author-Name: Jane A. Evans Author-X-Name-First: Jane A. Author-X-Name-Last: Evans Author-Name: Matthew S. A. Horstwood Author-X-Name-First: Matthew S. A. Author-X-Name-Last: Horstwood Title: Evidence for long-term averaging of strontium in bovine enamel using TIMS and LA-MC-ICP-MS strontium isotope intra-molar profiles Abstract: High spatial resolution micro-sampling of tooth enamel offers the possibility of high temporal resolution isotope data to reconstruct climate, environment, diet and mobility. Questions remain about the duration and pattern of the maturation phase of enamel and the existence and direction of chronological 'time-lines'. LA-MC-ICP-MS measurements of c. 400 μm craters and TIMS analyses of transverse enamel sections of an archaeological bovine third molar were undertaken to investigate the long-term averaging of incorporated strontium. The same gradually increasing isotope profile was obtained from both approaches, indicating that the large increase in spatial resolution did not change the response profile obtained. The results suggest that even at the microscopic scale, strontium is incorporated over a period in excess of 12 months. Averaging of the input signal may result from both long-term retention of strontium in the skeleton and recirculation in the body pool, or long-term maturation of enamel on a microscopic scale. Whichever mechanism is responsible, it may not be possible to recover strontium isotope ratios with a high time resolution from cattle molar enamel unless there is a large imbalance in the amount of strontium supplied by different sources. Consequently, strontium isotope profiles may not be synchronous with those of lighter isotope systems. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 32-42 Issue: 1 Volume: 15 Year: 2010 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/146141010X12640787648694 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/146141010X12640787648694 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:15:y:2010:i:1:p:32-42 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David N. Smith Author-X-Name-First: David N. Author-X-Name-Last: Smith Author-Name: Mark Fletcher Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Fletcher Author-Name: Katie Head Author-X-Name-First: Katie Author-X-Name-Last: Head Author-Name: Wendy Smith Author-X-Name-First: Wendy Author-X-Name-Last: Smith Author-Name: Andy J. Howard Author-X-Name-First: Andy J. Author-X-Name-Last: Howard Title: Environmental reconstruction of a later prehistoric palaeochannel record from Burrs Countryside Park, Bury, Greater Manchester Abstract: The results from an analysis of pollen, insect and plant macrofossil remains from the shallow wood peat fill of a palaeochannel associated with hummocky (deglacial) sediments infilling the valley of the River Irwell at Walmersley known locally as Burrs Countryside Park, Bury, Greater Manchester (NGR SD 796 127) are presented. Radiocarbon dates from the deposit provide an age range from 1310 to 1040 cal. BC to 920 to 800 cal. BC. The environmental record indicates that during the Middle and Late Bronze Age the valley floor was covered by carr woodland consisting mainly of alder and hazel, including areas of open water. Insect and pollen remains indicate that mixed deciduous woodland (birch, elm, beech and ash) was present on the surrounding slopes. Although non-arboreal pollen remains low and may merely indicate woodland edge grassland communities, increases in the percentage of oak and birch pollen over time may reflect small-scale clearance of the alder carr in the valley bottom. Alternatively, if the pollen diagram is merely recording a decline in alder pollen at the top of the profile, this could also explain the increase in the relative proportion of other arboreal taxa. There are no taxa present directly indicative of human activities associated with the nearby Castle Steads hillfort. The palaoenvironmental results from this site appear to match those for the Greater Manchester area and wider north-west region in general, suggesting that there was a mosaic of environments present in the Bronze Age, with some areas cleared of woodland earlier than others. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 16-31 Issue: 1 Volume: 15 Year: 2010 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/146141010X12640787648658 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/146141010X12640787648658 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:15:y:2010:i:1:p:16-31 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reviewers Author-X-Name-First: Author-X-Name-Last: Title: Reviews Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 92-107 Issue: 1 Volume: 15 Year: 2010 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/146141010X12640787648810 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/146141010X12640787648810 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:15:y:2010:i:1:p:92-107 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carol Palmer Author-X-Name-First: Carol Author-X-Name-Last: Palmer Author-Name: Sue Colledge Author-X-Name-First: Sue Author-X-Name-Last: Colledge Author-Name: Andrew Bevan Author-X-Name-First: Andrew Author-X-Name-Last: Bevan Author-Name: James Conolly Author-X-Name-First: James Author-X-Name-Last: Conolly Title: Vegetation recolonisation of abandoned agricultural terraces on Antikythera, Greece Abstract: Antikythera is a small, relatively remote Mediterranean island, lying 35 km north-west of Crete, and its few contemporary inhabitants live mainly in the small village at the only port. However, an extensive network of terraces across the island bears witness to the past importance of farming on the island, although the intensity of use of these cultivated plots has changed according to fluctuating population levels. Most recently, the rural population and intensity of cultivation have dramatically declined. Our aim is to understand the recolonisation process of agricultural land by plants after terraces are no longer used for the cultivation of crops. The results demonstrate a relatively quick pace of vegetative recolonisation, with abandoned farm land covered by dense scrub within 20 to 60 years. The archaeological implications are that, following even relatively short periods of abandonment, the landscape would have required arduous reinvestment in the removal of scrub growth, as well as the repair and construction of stone terraces, to allow cultivation once again. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 64-80 Issue: 1 Volume: 15 Year: 2010 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/146141010X12640787648973 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/146141010X12640787648973 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:15:y:2010:i:1:p:64-80 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Terry O'Connor Author-X-Name-First: Terry Author-X-Name-Last: O'Connor Title: Livestock and deadstock in early medieval Europe from the North Sea to the Baltic Abstract: The relative abundance and mortality profiles of cattle, sheep and pigs from a series of 8th- to 11th-century sites across northern Europe are reviewed with the aim of identifying broad regional trends in livestock husbandry and redistribution. Although based on published NISP data derived from hand-collected material, the broad scale and coarse precision of the survey mitigates the worst effects of differential recovery. Marked local variation in the relative abundance of cattle and of pigs is noted in certain regions. In the latter case, the association of pigs with more easterly sites is tested and discussed. Evidence from York and its region are discussed in more detail, including an association between chalk uplands and sheep husbandry in the Middle Saxon period. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 1-15 Issue: 1 Volume: 15 Year: 2010 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/146141010X12640787648612 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/146141010X12640787648612 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:15:y:2010:i:1:p:1-15 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Alejandra Korstanje Author-X-Name-First: M. Alejandra Author-X-Name-Last: Korstanje Author-Name: Patricia Cuenya Author-X-Name-First: Patricia Author-X-Name-Last: Cuenya Title: Ancient agriculture and domestic activities: a contextual approach studying silica phytoliths and other microfossils in soils Abstract: Based on microfossil and soil data, we discuss a different methodological approach to agricultural and domestic archaeological studies, taking two Formative sites in the north-west Argentinian high valleys (province of Catamarca) as case studies, independently of traditional datasets and historical analogies. As a result of our investigations we not only recognised the vegetal species cultivated in ancient fields (dated to c. AD 800) but also distinguished some of the agricultural practices, such as crop rotation and alternation, use of animal fertilisers and irrigation resources, as well as the abandonment of the site. From this perspective, corral episodes could also be distinguished. In residential enclosures, we obtained results concerning activity areas, the definition of floors and the identification of reoccupations. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 43-63 Issue: 1 Volume: 15 Year: 2010 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/146141010X12640787648739 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/146141010X12640787648739 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:15:y:2010:i:1:p:43-63 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: James Morris Author-X-Name-First: James Author-X-Name-Last: Morris Title: Commercial zooarchaeology in the United Kingdom Abstract: The following paper presents the results from two surveys of zooarchaeologists involved with commercial work in the United Kingdom. The surveys had a number of aims: they investigated the demographic of commercial zooarchaeologists; their relationship with organisations; the information they produce; how the current recession is affecting their work and what their priorities for help would be. The main survey was carried out during March–April 2009 with a further follow-up survey conducted during August. The surveys indicate that the demographic of zooarchaeologists varies from that of archaeologists in the United Kingdom as a whole. It also shows that the economic recession is affecting commercial zooarchaeologists in a number of ways. The paper also discusses the general structure and nature of the profession. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 81-91 Issue: 1 Volume: 15 Year: 2010 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/146141010X12640787648784 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/146141010X12640787648784 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:15:y:2010:i:1:p:81-91 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Oren Ackermann Author-X-Name-First: Oren Author-X-Name-Last: Ackermann Author-Name: Hendrik J. Bruins Author-X-Name-First: Hendrik J. Author-X-Name-Last: Bruins Author-Name: Pariente Sarah Author-X-Name-First: Pariente Author-X-Name-Last: Sarah Author-Name: Helena Zhevelev Author-X-Name-First: Helena Author-X-Name-Last: Zhevelev Author-Name: Aren M. Maeir Author-X-Name-First: Aren M. Author-X-Name-Last: Maeir Title: Landscape Archaeology in a Dry-Stream Valley near Tell es-Sâfì/Gath (Israel): Agricultural Terraces and the Origin of Fill Deposits Abstract: As part of the long-term archaeological project being conducted at Tell e-Sâfi/Gath in the semi-arid foothills of the Judean Mountains, a first order dry stream channel located in a valley east of the main site was surveyed and soil pits excavated in selected locations. A ditch, 10 m in length, was dug perpendicular to one of the agricultural terraces, showing that the small valley is filled with soil to a depth of more than 3 m above bedrock. The fill dates mainly to the Byzantine period (ca. 4th-7th cent. CE), according to the ceramic sherds. Three check-dam walls and related terraces were found across the width of the valley. Surprisingly, the base of the check-dam does not go deeper than 50 em into the uppermost part of the fill, well above bedrock or gravel layers, while covering only the upper part of the terrace step. Thus we use the term “floating terrace wall” or “floating check-dams”. Each of the terrace walls is about 0.5 m high and 50 m long. The valley is bound by two slopes: (1) a northeast facing slope characterized by Nari outcrops (a hard calcrete crust in the upper part of the chalk bedrock) and soil pockets, and (2) a southwest facing slope without Nari. The source of most valley fill material is apparently from the slope without Nari. The valley shows comparatively little accumulation during the Iron Age and very much accumulation during the Byzantine period. The main cause seems to be human-made earth movement and terrace building during the Byzantine period, rather than passive erosion and accumulation as a result of general environmental pressure by human activity. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 199-215 Issue: 2 Volume: 10 Year: 2005 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2005.10.2.199 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2005.10.2.199 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:10:y:2005:i:2:p:199-215 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reviewers Author-X-Name-First: Author-X-Name-Last: Title: Book Reviews Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 217-224 Issue: 2 Volume: 10 Year: 2005 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2005.10.2.217 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2005.10.2.217 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:10:y:2005:i:2:p:217-224 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rebecca A. Nicholson Author-X-Name-First: Rebecca A. Author-X-Name-Last: Nicholson Author-Name: Pauline Barber Author-X-Name-First: Pauline Author-X-Name-Last: Barber Author-Name: Julie M. Bond Author-X-Name-First: Julie M. Author-X-Name-Last: Bond Title: New Evidence for the Date of Introduction of the House Mouse, Mus musculus domesticus Schwartz & Schwartz, and the Field Mouse, Apodemus sylvaficus (L.), to Shetland Abstract: This paper presents new evidence to challenge the accepted view that both the house mouse Mus musculus domesticus and the field mouse Apodemus sylvaticus were introduced to Shetland by the Vikings. Archaeological remains of both Mus and Apodemus have been recovered from the site of Old Scatness Broch. While both mice were present in deposits dating to around the period of early Viking incursions, Apodemus has also been identified in a number of deposits dated to the middle Iron Age (200 BC–AD 400), while Mus bones have also been recovered from two well sealed contexts also of middle Iron Age date. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 143-151 Issue: 2 Volume: 10 Year: 2005 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2005.10.2.143 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2005.10.2.143 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:10:y:2005:i:2:p:143-151 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mike J. Church Author-X-Name-First: Mike J. Author-X-Name-Last: Church Author-Name: Símun V. Arge Author-X-Name-First: Símun V. Author-X-Name-Last: Arge Author-Name: Seth Brewington Author-X-Name-First: Seth Author-X-Name-Last: Brewington Author-Name: Thomas H. McGovern Author-X-Name-First: Thomas H. Author-X-Name-Last: McGovern Author-Name: Jim M Woollett Author-X-Name-First: Jim M Author-X-Name-Last: Woollett Author-Name: Sophia Perdikaris Author-X-Name-First: Sophia Author-X-Name-Last: Perdikaris Author-Name: Ian T. Lawson Author-X-Name-First: Ian T. Author-X-Name-Last: Lawson Author-Name: Gordon T. Cook Author-X-Name-First: Gordon T. Author-X-Name-Last: Cook Author-Name: Colin Amundsen Author-X-Name-First: Colin Author-X-Name-Last: Amundsen Author-Name: Ramona Harrison Author-X-Name-First: Ramona Author-X-Name-Last: Harrison Author-Name: Yekaterina Krivogorskaya Author-X-Name-First: Yekaterina Author-X-Name-Last: Krivogorskaya Author-Name: Elaine Dunbar Author-X-Name-First: Elaine Author-X-Name-Last: Dunbar Title: Puffins, Pigs, Cod and Barley: Palaeoeconomy at Undir Junkarinsfløtti, Sandoy, Faroe Islands Abstract: This paper reports on the zooarchaeological and archaeobotanical remains from the initial season of excavations at the Norse period site at Undir Junkarinsfløtti in the Faroe islands. These remains represent the first zooarchaeological analysis undertaken for the Faroes and only the third archaeobotanical assemblage published from the islands. The excavated deposits are described and the key findings from the palaeoenvironmental remains highlighted within the context of the wider North Atlantic environmental archaeology of the Norse period. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 179-197 Issue: 2 Volume: 10 Year: 2005 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2005.10.2.179 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2005.10.2.179 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:10:y:2005:i:2:p:179-197 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anton Ervynck Author-X-Name-First: Anton Author-X-Name-Last: Ervynck Title: Detecting the Seasonal Slaughtering of Domestic Mammals: Inferences from the Detailed Recording of Tooth Eruption and Wear Abstract: It has been proposed that the detailed recording of tooth eruption and wear (following Grant 1982) could shed light on the evaluation of seasonal slaughtering patterns in medieval domestic pig populations (Ervynck 1997). However, justifiable criticisms have been raised against the methodology proposed, necessitating a review of data obtained and an evaluation of possible methodological biases. The present contribution presents an attempt to deal with the problems outlined on a theoretical basis, and uses a number of case studies to elucidate the methodological problems involved. The results of the analysis indicate that the reliability of the Grant method could well differ per species, most probably including fewer inherent problems for domestic pigs than for sheep (and cattle). Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 153-169 Issue: 2 Volume: 10 Year: 2005 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2005.10.2.153 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2005.10.2.153 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:10:y:2005:i:2:p:153-169 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David N. Smith Author-X-Name-First: David N. Author-X-Name-Last: Smith Author-Name: John Letts Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Letts Author-Name: Mike Jones Author-X-Name-First: Mike Author-X-Name-Last: Jones Title: Modern Coleoptera from Non-cereal Thatch: A Poor Analogue for Roofing Material from the Archaeological Record Abstract: Five Coleoptera faunas recovered from modern non-cereal roofing thatches (potato stem, bracken, water reed, heather and gorse) were analysed to determine whether phytophage taxa contained in the thatch would correspond to the material used. The absence of matching phytophage species suggests that these insects would have limited potential to allow the identification of these types of roofing material in the archaeological record. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 171-178 Issue: 2 Volume: 10 Year: 2005 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2005.10.2.171 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2005.10.2.171 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:10:y:2005:i:2:p:171-178 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Colin Amundsen Author-X-Name-First: Colin Author-X-Name-Last: Amundsen Author-Name: Sophia Perdikaris Author-X-Name-First: Sophia Author-X-Name-Last: Perdikaris Author-Name: Thomas H. McGovern Author-X-Name-First: Thomas H. Author-X-Name-Last: McGovern Author-Name: Yekaterina Krivogorskaya Author-X-Name-First: Yekaterina Author-X-Name-Last: Krivogorskaya Author-Name: Matthew Brown Author-X-Name-First: Matthew Author-X-Name-Last: Brown Author-Name: Konrad Smiarowski Author-X-Name-First: Konrad Author-X-Name-Last: Smiarowski Author-Name: Shaye Storm Author-X-Name-First: Shaye Author-X-Name-Last: Storm Author-Name: Salena Modugno Author-X-Name-First: Salena Author-X-Name-Last: Modugno Author-Name: Malgorzata Frik Author-X-Name-First: Malgorzata Author-X-Name-Last: Frik Author-Name: Monica Koczela Author-X-Name-First: Monica Author-X-Name-Last: Koczela Title: Fishing Booths and Fishing Strategies in Medieval Iceland: an Archaeofauna from the of Akurvík, North-West Iceland Abstract: Excavations in 1990 in North-West Iceland documented a stratified series of small turf structures and associated midden deposits at the eroding beach at Akurvík which date from the 11th–13th to the 15th–16th centuries AD. The site reflects a long series of small discontinuous occupations, probably associated with seasonal fishing. The shell sand matrix had allowed excellent organic preservation and an archaeofauna of over 100,000 identifiable fragments was recovered. The collections are dominated by fish, mainly Atlantic cod, but substantial amounts of whale bone suggest extensive exploitation of strandings or active whaling. This paper briefly summarizes the excavation results, presents a zooarchaeological analysis of the two largest radiocarbon dated contexts, and places the Akurvík collections in the wider context of intra-Icelandic and inter-regional trade in preserved fish. Analysis of the Akurvík collection and comparison with other Icelandic collections from both inland and coastal sites dating from 9th to 19th centuries AD both reinforces evidence for an early, pre-Hanseatic internal Icelandic fish trade and supports historical documentation of Icelandic participation in the growing international fish trade of the late Middle Ages. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 127-142 Issue: 2 Volume: 10 Year: 2005 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2005.10.2.127 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2005.10.2.127 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:10:y:2005:i:2:p:127-142 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peta J. Mudie Author-X-Name-First: Peta J. Author-X-Name-Last: Mudie Author-Name: Andre Rochon Author-X-Name-First: Andre Author-X-Name-Last: Rochon Author-Name: Elisabeth Levac Author-X-Name-First: Elisabeth Author-X-Name-Last: Levac Title: Decadal-scale sea ice changes in the Canadian Arctic and their impacts on humans during the past 4,000 years Abstract: Climate warming of >1.5°C over three decades has diminished Arctic sea ice and forced drastic changes on Inuit people of the Canadian Arctic. Discontinuities in archaeological records also suggest that climatic changes may have caused site abandonment and life style shifts in Paleo- and Neo-eskimo societies. We therefore examine the decadal-scale palaeoclimatic changes recorded by quantitative palynological data in marine records from Coburg Polynya, near Palaeo- and Neo-eskimo settlements on the North Devon Lowlands, and from the North Water Polynya between Canada and Northwest Greenland. Palaeotransfer functions from dinoflagellate cyst assemblages provide quantitative estimates of changes in sea surface temperature (SST) and sea ice cover (SIC) with the accuracy of historical measurements.Both sites record temperature variations of 2–4°C corresponding to changes in hunting modes and occupation-abandonment cycles on Devon and Ellesmere Islands. Our data show that from ∼6500 to 2600 BP, there were large oscillations in summer SST from 2–4°C cooler than present to 6°C warmer and SIC ranged from 2 months more sea ice to 4 months more open water. The warmer interval corresponds to the period of pre-Dorset cultures that hunted muskox and caribou. Subsequent marine-based Dorset and Neo-eskimo cultures correspond to progressively cooler intervals with expanded sea ice cover. The warming took ∼50–100 years and lasted ∼300 years before replacement by colder intervals lasting ∼200–500 years. These climate oscillations are more rapid than the archaeological cultural changes, but are of similar length to successive Palaeoeskimo occupations in the Nares Strait region. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 113-126 Issue: 2 Volume: 10 Year: 2005 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2005.10.2.113 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2005.10.2.113 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:10:y:2005:i:2:p:113-126 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Reinder Reinders Author-X-Name-First: H. Reinder Author-X-Name-Last: Reinders Author-Name: Wietske Prummel Author-X-Name-First: Wietske Author-X-Name-Last: Prummel Title: Transhumance in Hellenistic Thessaly Abstract: The relatively mild winters in the Almirós-Soúrpi Plain, due to the vicinity of the Pagasitic Gulf, implied excellent conditions for the winter pasturing of the flocks of the (semi-)nomadic Sarakatsanéi and Vláchi and of the villages and the Turkish manors in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Present-day specialized pastoralists still graze their flocks in the stubble fields and the foothills surrounding the plain.The Óthris mountain range, which marks the border between the Mediterranean climate of the south and the continental climate of the Thessalian plains, has a moderate altitude and lies at a short distance from the surrounding plains. Nowadays, the pastoralists of the surrounding plains and those of the villages on the slopes of the mountains take their flocks to the pastures of the Óthris in the summertime. All of the people who keep animals are specialized pastoralists. They include Sarakatsanéi, Vláchi and villagers. Usually it is only the men and shepherds who accompany the flocks on their journeys between the summer and winter pastures: transhumance proper. Occasionally entire families or small pastoral communities move to the summer pastures, but this type of (semi-)nomadism is in decline; it is mostly practised by the elder members of the families.The faunal remains from six houses of New Halos show that the meat of sheep, goats, cattle, pigs and probably equids, too, was consumed. Cattle, sheep and goats were the most important in terms of meat. Sheep and goats, and possibly cattle too, yielded milk for human consumption. It will have been necessary to take the cattle into the Óthris mountains in the hot season to ensure a sufficient milk yield. The Óthris may have provided a good quantity of acorns and other fruits for pigs in the autumn. Game may have been hunted in the Óthris.The pollen record obtained for a sample from a backswamp near New Halos shows a decrease in deciduous trees and an increase in evergreen trees like Kermes oak around 2890 ± 70 BP. Samples from the basin of Mavrikopoúla in the Óthris showed a decrease in Hungarian oak and an increase in bracken around 2940 ± BP. These changes were caused by human interference, namely burning and grazing. Two literary sources attest to the use of summer pastures in the Óthris in Hellenistic times: the Demeter hymn of Kallimachos and the myth of Kerambos in the Metamorphoses of Antoninus Liberalis.The moderate altitude of the Óthris and the short distance to the surrounding plains suggest transhumance proper rather than (semi-)nomadism. The increase in population in Hellenistic times and the number of towns around and in the Óthris make it likely that there were sufficient urban centres with markets where the products of specialized pastoralists could be sold. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 81-95 Issue: 1 Volume: 3 Year: 1998 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1998.3.1.81 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1998.3.1.81 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:3:y:1998:i:1:p:81-95 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mervyn Watson Author-X-Name-First: Mervyn Author-X-Name-Last: Watson Title: The Role of the Pig in Food Conservation and Storage in Traditional Irish Farming Abstract: The intention of this paper is to provide possible reference points for archaeologists interested in the seasonality of pig meat production and livestock management, by discussing the seasonality of pig production and pig meat preservation in Ireland in the past 250 years. It looks at the role of the pig on Irish farms, concentrating on the native Irish Greyhound pig and Large White Ulster and examines the relationship between crop and livestock management by focusing on the influence of the potato on pig production. As well as discussing the suitability of the potato as a fodder for fattening pigs, it looks at the results of Irish farmers relying on the potato as a food source for both humans and animals, particularly during times of seasonal shortage.The paper also assesses the influence of climate and technology on the seasonality of pig meat production, outlining methods of slaughtering, curing and storage. Finally, the paper discusses the effects of growing competitive markets on Irish pig production. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 63-68 Issue: 1 Volume: 3 Year: 1998 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1998.3.1.63 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1998.3.1.63 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:3:y:1998:i:1:p:63-68 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Finbar McCormick Author-X-Name-First: Finbar Author-X-Name-Last: McCormick Title: Seasonality in a Scottish Diet Abstract: A mid-eighteenth century housebook from a Scottish estate provides daily information concerning the food consumed by the household. This allows us to consider the meat diet of the family and their servants in terms of seasonality. It shows that few foods are eaten consistently throughout the year. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 55-62 Issue: 1 Volume: 3 Year: 1998 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1998.3.1.55 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1998.3.1.55 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:3:y:1998:i:1:p:55-62 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ruby Cerón-Carrasco Author-X-Name-First: Ruby Author-X-Name-Last: Cerón-Carrasco Title: Fishing: Evidence for Seasonality and Processing of Fish for Preservation in the Northern Isles of Scotland During the Iron Age and Norse Times Abstract: Evidence from fish remains recovered from two sites in the Northern Isles of Scotland is compared to modern data on fish ecology and ethnographic evidence to assess seasonality in terms of resource availability and its implications for economic activities. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 73-80 Issue: 1 Volume: 3 Year: 1998 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1998.3.1.73 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1998.3.1.73 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:3:y:1998:i:1:p:73-80 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dale Serjeantson Author-X-Name-First: Dale Author-X-Name-Last: Serjeantson Title: Birds: a Seasonal Resource Abstract: Three aspects of bird bones can be used as evidence for seasonality: (1) the presence or absence of bones of seasonal migrants or of resident species most easily or most economically caught in a single season; (2) medullary bone, found in the bones of females at the time of lay; (3) juvenile bones, recognised by elements still not fused or ankylosed, or by porosity of the articular ends. The evidence must be interpreted with care: bones may not be anthropogenic in origin, or they may be from species which could be stored or traded. In interpreting seasonal occupation of the site the bird bone evidence must be used only in conjunction with all other sources of evidence. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 23-33 Issue: 1 Volume: 3 Year: 1998 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1998.3.1.23 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1998.3.1.23 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:3:y:1998:i:1:p:23-33 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Harry Kenward Author-X-Name-First: Harry Author-X-Name-Last: Kenward Author-Name: Frances Large Author-X-Name-First: Frances Author-X-Name-Last: Large Title: Insects in Urban Waste Pits in Viking York: Another Kind of Seasonality Abstract: A large number of samples of deposits with anoxic waterlogging from pits of Anglo-Scandinavian (mid 9th to mid 11th C) date at 16-22 Coppergate, York, have been analysed for their content of insect remains. In order to investigate the prospects of determining the duration of exposure of foul deposits, an attempt has been made to establish whether any components of the insect fauna can be regarded as indicators either of particular seasons of formation of the deposits or of a minimum period of exposure. Two approaches have been employed: (a) using published data concerning the period in which adult insects are active and (b) estimation of the time required for the development of the observed death assemblages. The first approach appears to be limited by available information concerning the modern adult activity period. The information obtained suggests that few relevant species have short activity periods and that active adults of many are present through much of the year. Consideration of the second approach has shown the need for modelling of community and death assemblage development, and some preliminary attempts are made towards this end. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 35-53 Issue: 1 Volume: 3 Year: 1998 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1998.3.1.35 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1998.3.1.35 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:3:y:1998:i:1:p:35-53 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Caroline Vermeeren Author-X-Name-First: Caroline Author-X-Name-Last: Vermeeren Title: Evidence for Seasonality from Coprolites and Recent Faeces? Abstract: While in search of proof for seasonality from the pollen analysis of coprolites, a comparative study of fox faeces was initiated. Methodology and detailed results of both the coprolites and fox faeces will be published elsewhere, but some critical remarks are presented here. We realise that factors such as sniffing mixtures of pollen from the soil could obscure the results, so that seasonal indicators are difficult to confirm. Exceptions include the special cases in which butterflies and berries had been eaten. They indicate the flowering period of the insect pollinated plants and the fruiting period respectively. Two additional results of the studies were that a tentative reconstruction of the vegetation turned out to be possible, and the presence of cultivated plants could be demonstrated. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 127-128 Issue: 1 Volume: 3 Year: 1998 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1998.3.1.127 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1998.3.1.127 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:3:y:1998:i:1:p:127-128 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Suzanne Needs-Howarth Author-X-Name-First: Suzanne Author-X-Name-Last: Needs-Howarth Author-Name: Stephen Cox Thomas Author-X-Name-First: Stephen Cox Author-X-Name-Last: Thomas Title: Seasonal Variation in Fishing Strategies at Two Iroquoian Village Sites Near Lake Simcoe, Ontario Abstract: In this paper we present an analysis of fish bones from the Barrie and Dunsmore sites, two pre-contact Iroquoian longhouse villages located between Lake Simcoe, and Georgian Bay of Lake Huron, Ontario. We use a combination of fish biology, habitat and spawning data to interpret when and where different fish species were obtained. After identifying co-occurrences of species in major features at each site, we suggest the existence of three fisheries complexes. There is some overlap in species composition between these complexes. In an attempt to distinguish between them, we also investigate probable technique and time of capture through fish bone size distribution. We use our findings to identify inter- and intra-site differences in fish procurement. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 109-120 Issue: 1 Volume: 3 Year: 1998 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1998.3.1.109 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1998.3.1.109 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:3:y:1998:i:1:p:109-120 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Martin Author-X-Name-First: H. Author-X-Name-Last: Martin Title: Analysis of Dental Cementum Rings as an Approach to Azilian Hunting Strategies Abstract: Perfected by biologists, the analysis of dental cementum rings allows us to know the precise age of the animals studied as well as their season of death. Cementum deposits are layers of various density formed regularly during the animal's life. Large, translucid deposits (observed with polarized light), growing during the good season (spring, summer, autumn), alternate with thin, opaque ones that grow during the bad season (winter). Used to study two French Azilian sites, La Fru and Campalou, this method gives us a better understanding the hunting behaviour of these two human groups. Thus, the Azilian hunters who established their camp in the La Fru and Campalou rockshelters hunted around the site, killing ibex. However, these two groups of predators preferred red deer. Taking advantage of the hunting opportunities offered by the environment, hunters at both sites made opportune captures to the detriment of summer herds of hinds and young. Also, at Campalou, they continued their predation during the rut, concentrating on young animals, probably young males temporarily alone because of the mating season. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 13-22 Issue: 1 Volume: 3 Year: 1998 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1998.3.1.13 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1998.3.1.13 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:3:y:1998:i:1:p:13-22 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jonathan Bell Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan Author-X-Name-Last: Bell Title: Changing Harvest Dates in Post-medieval Ireland Abstract: During the last three centuries, agricultural writers and other commentators on Irish life frequently criticised Irish farmers for the late date at which they began to harvest both hay and grain. This paper will outline the reasoning behind these criticisms and the defence given by farmers in return. It will be argued that the rationality of common practice is demonstrated by the willingness of farmers to change the dates of harvest once changes in other practice made this desirable. The physical evidence for change will be described, and the paper will conclude with a discussion of possible implications of this for archaeology. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 69-71 Issue: 1 Volume: 3 Year: 1998 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1998.3.1.69 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1998.3.1.69 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:3:y:1998:i:1:p:69-71 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ina Plug Author-X-Name-First: Ina Author-X-Name-Last: Plug Title: Some Evidence for Seasonality amongst Later Stone Age Hunter-gatherers in Southern Africa Abstract: The Later Stone Age (LSA) period in Southern Africa is characterised by a succession of cultural traditions. The LSA hunter-gatherer populations were ancestral to the present-day San. They moved around in small bands, within a semi-fixed territory visiting open air and shelter sites to coincide with available resources.The hunter-gatherers filled every niche in the environment, including the high mountains, deserts and semi-deserts, bush savanna and grass lands. They were well aware of the food sources available in their territories during the course of a year and utilized these opportunities. As winters in southern Africa are relatively mild, and most regions have foods available throughout the year, seasonality is difficult to demonstrate.In only a few instances there is some evidence for seasonal use or seasonality. Age profiles of seals at Elands Bay Cave suggest short occupation periods during late winter and early spring. In the high mountains of South Africa and Lesotho, where winters are cold and frost and snow common, the faunal and floral remains suggest occupation during late spring, summer and early autumn. Abbot's Cave in the semi-arid central Karoo was used as a hunting lodge during September, relating to the lambing season and migratory behaviour of springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis). Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 103-107 Issue: 1 Volume: 3 Year: 1998 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1998.3.1.103 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1998.3.1.103 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:3:y:1998:i:1:p:103-107 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. P. O'Connor Author-X-Name-First: T. P. Author-X-Name-Last: O'Connor Title: The Annual Round: an Overview of the AEA Conference 1994 Abstract: The content and main themes of the conference are reviewed in brief. Several papers raised the need for further data from experimentation and modern analogues. The ethnohistorical record is dearly a valuable source of information, though not necessarily of direct analogues for the past, and papers presented here reminded us of the ways in which storage of seasonally acquired resources may result in year-round use, and thus a loss of evidence for seasonal behaviour in the archaeological record. The social importance of seasonality was rather missing from the conference papers, though the point was raised in discussions during the conference. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 1-3 Issue: 1 Volume: 3 Year: 1998 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1998.3.1.1 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1998.3.1.1 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:3:y:1998:i:1:p:1-3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roel C. G. M. Lauwerier Author-X-Name-First: Roel C. G. M. Author-X-Name-Last: Lauwerier Author-Name: Robert M. Van Heeringen Author-X-Name-First: Robert M. Author-X-Name-Last: Van Heeringen Title: Skates and Prickers from the Circular Fortress of Oost-Souburg, The Netherlands (AD 900–975) Abstract: During the excavation of the circular fortress of Oost-Souburg, the Netherlands, objects of bone and antler were found: combs, needles, spindles, three-pronged objects, bone skates and points. The finds are dated between AD 900 and 975. In this contribution the objects which belong to the winter season, the bone skates and the points, are discussed. The skates occur in various types and are made of a variety of bones. Certain types of skate were used without bindings, others were either designed to be fastened to the feet or possibly were tied only at the heels. The roughly-made points that were found may be the points of the prickers used to propel the skater forward on his skates. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 121-126 Issue: 1 Volume: 3 Year: 1998 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1998.3.1.121 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1998.3.1.121 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:3:y:1998:i:1:p:121-126 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. P. O'Connor Author-X-Name-First: T. P. Author-X-Name-Last: O'Connor Title: On the Difficulty of Detecting Seasonal Slaughtering of Sheep Abstract: This paper questions whether the seasonal slaughtering of sheep can be identified in archaeological data from temperate Europe. Earlier work is reviewed, and the ethnohistorical record examined to determine the factors which have influenced seasonality of killing, with the aim of deciding what patterns of seasonal killing might potentially be reflected in the archaeological data. A consideration of the resolution of age-attribution methods shows whether the potential evidence can actually be discerned in archaeological material, and with what precision. Finally, some published data are reconsidered. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 5-11 Issue: 1 Volume: 3 Year: 1998 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1998.3.1.5 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1998.3.1.5 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:3:y:1998:i:1:p:5-11 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Caroline R. Cartwright Author-X-Name-First: Caroline R. Author-X-Name-Last: Cartwright Title: Seasonal Aspects of Bronze and Iron Age Communities at Ra's al-Hadd, Oman Abstract: Excavations of third millennium BC and later settlement, burial and workshop sites have been carried out at Ra's al-Hadd, Oman in 1988–9 and 1992 under the direction of Dr J. Reade. These excavations form part of the Joint Hadd Project, a multi-disciplinary programme of research co-directed by Dr S Cleuziou, Dr J Reade and Professor M Tosi; the Ra's al-Hadd portion of the Joint Hadd project is sponsored by the British Museum and the Ministry of National Heritage and Culture, Sultanate of Oman and the Ra's al-Junayz portion by I.S.M.E.O and the C.N.R.S.Environmental evidence from the Ra's al-Hadd sites includes charcoal, charred fruits and seeds, mammal and fish bones, land and marine molluscs. Evaluation of pollen samples is in progress. This paper examines aspects of the ongoing environmental research which aims not only to re-create patterns of resource exploitation through time, but also to chart possible seasonal variability in cultural, subsistence, economic and trading terms. Some comparisons will be made with the dynamics of the present system of seasonal resource exploitation by the Ra's al-Hadd community. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 97-102 Issue: 1 Volume: 3 Year: 1998 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1998.3.1.97 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1998.3.1.97 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:3:y:1998:i:1:p:97-102 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Author-X-Name-First: Author-X-Name-Last: Title: Guidelines for authors Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 129-129 Issue: 1 Volume: 3 Year: 1998 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1998.3.1.129 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1998.3.1.129 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:3:y:1998:i:1:p:129-129 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ellen OCarroll Author-X-Name-First: Ellen Author-X-Name-Last: OCarroll Author-Name: Fraser J.G. Mitchell Author-X-Name-First: Fraser J.G. Author-X-Name-Last: Mitchell Title: Quantifying woodland resource usage and selection from Neolithic to post Mediaeval times in the Irish Midlands Abstract: The antiquity and context (site or feature type) are the two principal factors that act as a framework for interpreting charcoal and wood data from archaeological sites in the recreation of past woodland environments. This research addresses these parameters through the analysis of over 18,000 charcoal fragments from 57 archaeological excavations carried out along a 61 km road scheme in the midland region of Ireland. Observations on spatial vegetation dynamics and woodland resource patterns are also reported on. The data were analysed through percentage frequency and multivariate analyses. The results reveal woodland resource usage in terms of wood types selected for use as fuel or as structural wood as well as patterns of change and variability in taxonomic composition in relation to site types, feature types and time periods. Selection was found to be low in prehistoric times and in particular at burnt mound sites/fulachta fiadh but became increasingly important as time progressed. This has important implications when charcoal from archaeological settings is used in environmental reconstructions. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 219-232 Issue: 3 Volume: 22 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2015.1130889 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2015.1130889 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:22:y:2017:i:3:p:219-232 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cath Ross Author-X-Name-First: Cath Author-X-Name-Last: Ross Author-Name: Lynne F. Gardiner Author-X-Name-First: Lynne F. Author-X-Name-Last: Gardiner Author-Name: Gary Brogan Author-X-Name-First: Gary Author-X-Name-Last: Brogan Author-Name: Hannah Russ Author-X-Name-First: Hannah Author-X-Name-Last: Russ Title: Post-Roman crop production and processing: Archaeological evidence from Goldthorpe, South Yorkshire Abstract: The remains of a ditched field system dating from the late Iron Age to the early post-Roman period, and two associated corn drying ovens (dating to the 5th–6th centuries AD) were revealed during archaeological excavations at Goldthorpe, South Yorkshire. The site was excavated during 2012 and 2013, during which bulk environmental samples were taken in order to retrieve any surviving botanical remains from deposits associated with the corn drying ovens, and other features across the excavated area. Early post-Roman occupation is under-represented in the archaeological record, especially in northern England, as such human activity and subsistence during this period are currently not well understood. This paper combines evidence for the field system, the physical remains of the corn drying ovens and their associated botanical remains to further understand early post-Roman change and continuity in landscape use and crop production and processing practices. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 233-246 Issue: 3 Volume: 22 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2016.1168621 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2016.1168621 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:22:y:2017:i:3:p:233-246 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daniel Loponte Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Author-X-Name-Last: Loponte Author-Name: Mirian Carbonera Author-X-Name-First: Mirian Author-X-Name-Last: Carbonera Author-Name: María José Corriale Author-X-Name-First: María José Author-X-Name-Last: Corriale Author-Name: Alejandro Acosta Author-X-Name-First: Alejandro Author-X-Name-Last: Acosta Title: Horticulturists and oxygen ecozones in the tropical and subtropical forests of Southeast South America Abstract: We analyse the isotopic values (δ13C, δ15N) of the diet of pre-Columbian horticulturalist populations from tropical and subtropical areas of southeastern South America, belonging to the Guarani and Taquara archaeological units. The data indicate different trends in each one (T = 4.21; P = 0.0004), showing a mixed diet with maize consumption in the Guarani samples (δ13Cco = −15.5 ± 1.8‰; δ13Cap −10.4 ± 0.8‰) and a depleted one in the Taquara ones (δ13Cco −18.2 ± 1.7‰; δ13Cap −11.9 ± 0.9‰), with a significant internal dispersion in both populations. The first population has higher nitrogen values (δ15N 11.1 ± 0.6‰) compared to the Taquara samples (δ15N 9.3 ± 1‰), suggesting a more carnivorous diet. The recognition of these pre-Columbian mixed diets involves the identification of maize cultivation on the Atlantic side of the southernmost area of South America (Parana Delta, 34° SL). Through the analysis of δ18O we have identified two isotopic ecozones, the first along the Paraná River Valley, with an average value of δ18O −3.7 ± 0.5‰ (CV = 13.5%; CI = −3.83 / −3.16), and the second one, located in the Planalto of southern Brazil (Araucaria Forest), with a mean value of δ18O −1.5 ± 0.3‰ (CV = 16.5%; CI = −1.69 / −1.29). The isotopic data (δ13C, δ15N and δ18O) suggest human movements between these two ecozones. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 247-267 Issue: 3 Volume: 22 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2016.1211382 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2016.1211382 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:22:y:2017:i:3:p:247-267 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gwenaëlle Goude Author-X-Name-First: Gwenaëlle Author-X-Name-Last: Goude Author-Name: Léonie Rey Author-X-Name-First: Léonie Author-X-Name-Last: Rey Author-Name: Françoise Toulemonde Author-X-Name-First: Françoise Author-X-Name-Last: Toulemonde Author-Name: Mathilde Cervel Author-X-Name-First: Mathilde Author-X-Name-Last: Cervel Author-Name: Stéphane Rottier Author-X-Name-First: Stéphane Author-X-Name-Last: Rottier Title: Dietary changes and millet consumption in northern France at the end of Prehistory: Evidence from archaeobotanical and stable isotope data Abstract: Diachronic changes of dietary human habits between the Neolithic and the Bronze Age are mainly identified through archaeological artefacts and archaeozoological and archaeobotanical studies. This paper aims to demonstrate the importance of a multi-disciplinary approach for palaeodietary studies and to identify the food changes between Neolithic and Bronze Age human groups in northern France. These changes are probably linked to the introduction of new crops, such as millet, and the use of stable isotope analysis on bones and teeth proves to be an effective method for assessing the role of this specific cereal in the diet and the economy. Stable isotope analyses were performed on bone and tooth collagen and apatite from eight humans and five domestic animals from a Late Bronze Age site (LBA; Barbuise; 15th–13th c. BC; Aube). The studied corpus is compared with isotopic data from human and animal bones from a nearby Neolithic site (Gurgy; 5th mill. BC; Yonne) and regional Neolithic to Iron sites located in northern France. Moreover, Barbuise data are supplemented by information from an important archaeobotanical study carried out on 21 LBA and Early Iron Age sites in the region. Neolithic and LBA human collagen isotopic ratios (δ13C, δ15N) differ statistically, as do those of some animals. Carbon isotopic ratios of human apatite corroborate collagen results indicating the consumption of 13C enriched food by LBA humans and animals compared to Neolithic samples. The high number of occurrences of plant remains in the Bronze Age settlements near the site points to the consumption of C4 plants, such as millet, and would account for these results. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 268-282 Issue: 3 Volume: 22 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2016.1215799 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2016.1215799 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:22:y:2017:i:3:p:268-282 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jillian A. Swift Author-X-Name-First: Jillian A. Author-X-Name-Last: Swift Author-Name: Melanie J. Miller Author-X-Name-First: Melanie J. Author-X-Name-Last: Miller Author-Name: Patrick V. Kirch Author-X-Name-First: Patrick V. Author-X-Name-Last: Kirch Title: Stable isotope analysis of Pacific rat (Rattus exulans) from archaeological sites in Mangareva (French Polynesia): The use of commensal species for understanding human activity and ecosystem change Abstract: Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis was applied to archaeological specimens of the commensal Pacific rat (Rattus exulans) to investigate nutrient fluxes in prehistoric socio-ecosystems on Mangareva (Gambier Islands) and their implications for anthropogenic environmental change. The Pacific rat – ubiquitous in Polynesian archaeological sites – is characterised by low dietary selectivity and a limited home range, making it an ideal candidate for assessing changes in island food webs. Temporal trends in diet-derived bone collagen δ13C and δ15N values are assessed from three sites: The Onemea Site, Taravai Island (TAR-6), Nenega-iti Rockshelter, Agakauitai Island (AGA-3) and Kitchen Cave Rockshelter, Kamaka Island (KAM-1). An overall trend of decreasing δ15N values in rat bone collagen over time reflects archipelago-wide changes to island socio-ecosystems most likely resulting from seabird population declines. Differences in site function and human activity may have also influenced local rat dietary patterns. Stable isotope analysis of the Pacific rat provides a low-impact line of evidence towards the reconstruction of human-centred food webs and the flow of nutrients within island socio-ecosystems. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 283-297 Issue: 3 Volume: 22 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2016.1216933 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2016.1216933 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:22:y:2017:i:3:p:283-297 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pierre-Emmanuel Paris Author-X-Name-First: Pierre-Emmanuel Author-X-Name-Last: Paris Title: Economy and society of the Remi and Suessiones in Gallia Belgica during the last two centuries BC through the prism of archaeozoology Abstract: The Remi and the Suession territories, in northern France, are well known from an archaeological point of view thanks to the extensive excavation campaigns in the region of the Aisne Valley over the past 30 years. Focusing on the last two centuries BC – a crucial period for the Gallic peoples, right before the Roman invasion of Gallia Belgica – reveals evidence of extended urbanised sites, specialised production processes and complex social organisations. These results lead us to consider the Remi and the Suession populations not as barbarians as ancient textual sources tend to describe. Through the study of faunal remains accumulated on several archaeological sites of both territories, specific social behaviours linked to well-organised peoples emerge, for whom animal husbandry has become, over time, an important resource of production and trade, allowing them to develop economical and political alliance over borders. This study, adopting a territorial approach, examines the trading networks of animal resources for the Remi and Suession people to reach a better understanding of these complex societies. It also aims to expand our vision of Gallic communities by raising questions about animal husbandry in various regions of Gaul, such as Britain, the Netherlands and Switzerland. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 298-317 Issue: 3 Volume: 22 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2016.1232681 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2016.1232681 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:22:y:2017:i:3:p:298-317 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Erica Rowan Author-X-Name-First: Erica Author-X-Name-Last: Rowan Title: Bioarchaeological preservation and non-elite diet in the Bay of Naples: An analysis of the food remains from the Cardo V sewer at the Roman site of Herculaneum Abstract: Due to its burial by the eruption of Vesuvius in AD 79, the level of biological preservation in the Roman town of Herculaneum is very high. The recovery and analysis of large quantities of material from the city's Cardo V sewer has provided the rare opportunity to study the diet of middle and lower class Romans living in an urban context in mid-1st century AD Italy. The sewer lacked an outflow point and instead functioned as a cesspit to collect the human and kitchen waste generated by those living in the multi-storey shop and apartment complex (Insula Orientalis II) situated above. In total, 220 l of soil was examined for carbonised and mineralised material, seashells, eggshells, otoliths and fish bones. 194 taxa were identified, including 94 botanical, 45 fish, 53 shellfish and two bird taxa. One-hundred and thirteen of the 194 taxa can be considered edible foodstuffs indicating a high level of dietary diversity. This article compares preservation conditions with those found in Pompeii and assess diet in relation to these findings. The level of preservation is found to be comparable between the two sites and no major taphonomic biases are observed. The diet of non-elite individuals in Herculaneum is found to consist of a few staple foods that are frequently supplemented by a wide range of other goods. Subtle differences in diet are observable within the sewer assemblage, most likely related to differences in wealth. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 318-336 Issue: 3 Volume: 22 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2016.1235077 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2016.1235077 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:22:y:2017:i:3:p:318-336 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hayley Foster Author-X-Name-First: Hayley Author-X-Name-Last: Foster Title: Animal bones in Australian archaeology: a field guide to common native and introduced species Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 337-337 Issue: 3 Volume: 22 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1292759 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1292759 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:22:y:2017:i:3:p:337-337 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chris Caseldine Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Caseldine Title: Into the ocean: vikings, Irish and environmental change in Iceland and the North Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 337-338 Issue: 3 Volume: 22 Year: 2017 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1292762 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1292762 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:22:y:2017:i:3:p:337-338 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter Rowley-Conwy Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Rowley-Conwy Author-Name: Paul Halstead Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Halstead Author-Name: Patricia Collins Author-X-Name-First: Patricia Author-X-Name-Last: Collins Title: Derivation and Application of a Food Utility Index (FUI) for European Wild Boar (Sus scrofa L.) Abstract: A Food Utility Index (FUI) is presented for European wild boar (Sus scrofa L.), derived from the experimental butchery of two individuals of differing ages. The results differ from FUIs produced for other species because of the different conformation of the species. Application of the FUI to the wild boar assemblage from the Mesolithic site of Ringkloster (Denmark) allows increased understanding of field butchery, transport and processing of the animals. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 77-88 Issue: 1 Volume: 7 Year: 2002 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2002.7.1.77 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2002.7.1.77 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:7:y:2002:i:1:p:77-88 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mark Horrocks Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Horrocks Author-Name: Martin D. Jones Author-X-Name-First: Martin D. Author-X-Name-Last: Jones Author-Name: Scott L. Nichol Author-X-Name-First: Scott L. Author-X-Name-Last: Nichol Author-Name: Douglas G. Sutton Author-X-Name-First: Douglas G. Author-X-Name-Last: Sutton Title: Wetland Microfossils in Soil: Implications for the Study of Land Use on Archaeological Landscapes Abstract: In this study we identify wetland microfossils in agricultural soils in Polynesian stone mounds at Pouerua, northern New Zealand. These include diatoms, sponge spicules, pollen, and fern and algal spores. As the presence of these microfossils is most likely anthropogenic and, as the soils are porous and free-draining, this shows that wetland microfossils can provide evidence for land use (in this case agriculture) in dryland archaeological landscapes. However, whether the microfossils in the mounds at Pouerua are related to pre- or post-European activity is uncertain because at this stage the rate of microfossil percolation in local soils is unknown. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 101-106 Issue: 1 Volume: 7 Year: 2002 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2002.7.1.101 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2002.7.1.101 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:7:y:2002:i:1:p:101-106 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paul Stokes Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Stokes Author-Name: Peter Rowley-Conwy Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Rowley-Conwy Title: Iron Age Cultigen? Experimental Return Rates for Fat Hen (Chenopodium album L.) Abstract: Archaeological finds of fat hen (Chenopodium album L.) from later prehistoric sites in Europe indicate that the plant was deliberately collected, perhaps even cultivated. Experiments are described involving the collection and processing of the plant, allowing the return rate to be calculated. The return rate is probably similar to that of cultivated cereals, which may produce more seed per unit area but require much more processing. Chenopodium album was therefore a viable potential cultigen. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 95-99 Issue: 1 Volume: 7 Year: 2002 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2002.7.1.95 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2002.7.1.95 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:7:y:2002:i:1:p:95-99 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tom Hakbijl Author-X-Name-First: Tom Author-X-Name-Last: Hakbijl Title: The Traditional, Historical and Prehistoric Use of Ashes as an Insecticide, with an Experimental Study on the Insecticidal Efficacy of Washed Ash Abstract: Ashes and other inert dusts can be used as insecticides. Insect mortality results from desiccation, caused by damage to the protective epicuticular lipid layer by dust particles. Dusts are used in many societies in the protection of stored products. A brief survey is given of the traditional and historical use of ashes in stored products protection. Archaeological records from Egypt are connected with historical records dating back to the second millennium BC. The use of sorptive dusts against fleas and lice is discussed briefly. The possible use of ashes in pest control on house floors is described for the Early Iron Age farmstead 'House Q', Assendelver Polders, The Netherlands. Subsistence farmers in northern Cameroon use ashes to protect stored cowpeas, but they wash the ashes with water before use. The effect of washing on the insecticidal efficacy was investigated experimentally. Five insect species were used: four species of stored product beetles (Sitophilus granarius (Linnaeus), Cryptolestes jerrugineus (Stephens), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and larvae of Tenebrio molitor (Linnaeus) and a blow-fly species, Calliphora vomitoria (Linnaeus). For each of these species one sample was treated with ash from burnt cow dung and another sample was treated with similar ash, but boiled in water and dried. No food was supplied. The experiments showed that washed ash worked faster than unwashed ash. On average, washing shortened the mortality period of the beetles by 30% and the knock-down period by 45%. The background of the use of ashes in sacred purification rites is considered and connected with early ectoparasite control. The application of ashes and other dusts as insecticides throughout cultures and periods is of such importance that laborious ways of processing have evolved to increase their efficacy. In archaeology, therefore, ashes must not only be regarded as remains of burnt material, but also as an important; intentionally used product that can be recovered from a variety of contexts. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 13-22 Issue: 1 Volume: 7 Year: 2002 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2002.7.1.13 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2002.7.1.13 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:7:y:2002:i:1:p:13-22 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reviewers Author-X-Name-First: Author-X-Name-Last: Title: Book Reviews Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 107-111 Issue: 1 Volume: 7 Year: 2002 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2002.7.1.107 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2002.7.1.107 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:7:y:2002:i:1:p:107-111 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ian L. Baxter Author-X-Name-First: Ian L. Author-X-Name-Last: Baxter Title: A Donkey (Equus asinus L.) Partial Skeleton from a Mid-Late Anglo-Saxon Alluvial Layer at Deans Yard Westminster, London SW1 Abstract: A domestic donkey (Equus asinus) partial skeleton has been recovered from a mid-late Anglo-Saxon alluvial deposit situated below the present Westminster School at Deans Yard, Westminster, London. The remains have been radiocarbon dated to the 8th-9th century AD and, therefore, pre-date both the abbey of Edward the Confessor and the earlier foundation of St Dunstan. The skeleton is of particular importance as it is the only well dated specimen of its species recovered thus far in England from the Anglo-Saxon and Medieval periods. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 89-94 Issue: 1 Volume: 7 Year: 2002 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2002.7.1.89 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2002.7.1.89 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:7:y:2002:i:1:p:89-94 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Susan Lawrence Author-X-Name-First: Susan Author-X-Name-Last: Lawrence Author-Name: Catherine Tucker Author-X-Name-First: Catherine Author-X-Name-Last: Tucker Title: Sources of Meat in Colonial Diets: Faunal Evidence from Two Nineteenth Century Tasmanian Whaling Stations Abstract: The analysis of faunal assemblages from two nineteenth century Tasmanian whaling stations provides information about meat in colonial diets. The assemblages include a combination of native mammal, bird, and fish species and European domesticates. The presence of diverse native species indicates occasional opportunistic hunting rather than a significant incorporation of local fauna in the subsistence system. The bulk of meat consumed was beef, pork, and mutton. Element representation and documentary evidence suggests that while the pork was almost certainly salted, the beef was a combination of fresh and preserved meat, and the mutton was fresh meat prepared locally. This analysis has implications for understanding colonial herd development and provisioning systems for maritime industries. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 23-34 Issue: 1 Volume: 7 Year: 2002 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2002.7.1.23 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2002.7.1.23 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:7:y:2002:i:1:p:23-34 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Author-X-Name-First: Author-X-Name-Last: Title: Guidelines for authors Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 113-113 Issue: 1 Volume: 7 Year: 2002 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2002.7.1.113 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2002.7.1.113 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:7:y:2002:i:1:p:113-113 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Keith Dabney Author-X-Name-First: Keith Author-X-Name-Last: Dabney Author-Name: Anton Ervynck Author-X-Name-First: Anton Author-X-Name-Last: Ervynck Author-Name: Beverly La Ferla Author-X-Name-First: Beverly Author-X-Name-Last: La Ferla Title: Assessment and Further Development of the Recording and Interpretation of Linear Enamel Hypoplasia in Archaeological Pig Populations Abstract: Through the study of five archaeological collections, it has previously been established that there is a consistent pattern in the height distribution of Linear Enamel Hypoplasia (LEH) on the molars of pigs. Consequently, the hypothesis has been published, that the non-random occurrence of LEH along the tooth's surface is explained by a consistent, underlying chronology, i.e. that of the major physiological events of birth, weaning and surviving winter. In this paper, the interpretations of the previous study were tested by the analysis of two further assemblages, i.e. those from Middle to Late Saxon Flixborough (UK) and from 15th century Raversijde (Belgium). The question whether the distinction between two different forms of LEH can shed more light on the aetiology of the condition, is also posed. In addition, the previously published hypothesis, i.e. that the relative frequency of LEH always roughly follows the same pattern along the molar row (a necessary assumption in order to compare the frequency of LEH between sites, on the basis of an index combining the data for individual teeth), has been tested by the analysis of the same two additional assemblages. The results are promising with regard to the further analysis of LEH in archaeological material. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 35-46 Issue: 1 Volume: 7 Year: 2002 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2002.7.1.35 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2002.7.1.35 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:7:y:2002:i:1:p:35-46 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kendrick J. Brown Author-X-Name-First: Kendrick J. Author-X-Name-Last: Brown Author-Name: Richard J. Hebda Author-X-Name-First: Richard J. Author-X-Name-Last: Hebda Title: Ancient Fires on Southern Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada: A Change in Causal Mechanisms at about 2,000 ybp Abstract: Charcoal records were examined from seven sediment cores and two stratigraphic sections on southern Vancouver Island, Canada. Charcoal influx and climate trend regressions were established using high order polynomial functions. During the late-glacial (ca. 13,000–10,000 ybp), variations in the charcoal record suggest that fires likely responded to changes in fuel availability and climate. The high incidence of early-Holocene (ca. 10,000–7,000ybp) fires may have been partly modified by human activity, though it seems more likely that climate exerted the greatest control. A decrease in fires during the mid- and early late-Holocene from 7,000–4,000 and 4,000–2,000 ybp respectively is consistent with a regional moistening trend, implying that fires were climatically limited. In the late late-Holocene from 2,000 ybp–present, several sites record an increase in charcoal influx even though climate was continuing to moisten and cool, suggesting that non-climatic factors were responsible for the observed increase in fire activity. Estimates of native populations range up to thousands of people for southern Vancouver Island before the arrival of Europeans. These people were knowledgeable of fire, suggesting that humans were responsible for the increase in fires during the late late-Holocene cool, moist interval. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 1-12 Issue: 1 Volume: 7 Year: 2002 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2002.7.1.1 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2002.7.1.1 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:7:y:2002:i:1:p:1-12 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wim Van Neer Author-X-Name-First: Wim Author-X-Name-Last: Van Neer Author-Name: Anton Ervynck Author-X-Name-First: Anton Author-X-Name-Last: Ervynck Author-Name: Loes J. Bolle Author-X-Name-First: Loes J. Author-X-Name-Last: Bolle Author-Name: Richard S. Millner Author-X-Name-First: Richard S. Author-X-Name-Last: Millner Author-Name: Adriaan D. Rijnsdorp Author-X-Name-First: Adriaan D. Author-X-Name-Last: Rijnsdorp Title: Fish Otoliths and their Relevance to Archaeology: An Analysis of Medieval, Post-Medieval, and Recent Material of Plaice, Cod and Haddock from the North Sea Abstract: The growth increments were investigated of late medieval, post-medieval and modern otoliths of plaice, cod and haddock from the North Sea. Thin-sectioned otoliths were used to age all the analysed individuals and to reconstruct their growth patterns. In addition, fish lengths of the archaeological specimens were calculated after the relation between otolith width and fish length was established using modern material. The age and fish length distribution, and the growth patterns obtained on the archaeological material allow inferences about fish trade, market strategies and consumption behaviour on producer sites (coastal sites) and consumer sites. Differences in growth patterns were observed between the archaeological and recent populations of the three demersal species analysed which may be related to a change in fishing pressure through time. However, diachronic changes in species distribution, temperature, food availability and selection of catch in function of market strategies may have played a role as well. Age and body size data allow some inferences about the exploited fishing grounds, but the growth patterns are of limited use in this respect. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 61-76 Issue: 1 Volume: 7 Year: 2002 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2002.7.1.61 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2002.7.1.61 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:7:y:2002:i:1:p:61-76 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Simon J. M. Davis Author-X-Name-First: Simon J. M. Author-X-Name-Last: Davis Title: British Agriculture: Texts for the Zoo-Archaeologist Abstract: This article provides a compendium of quotations from early British writers on agriculture which may be of interest to the zoo-archaeology of late Medieval and post-Medieval periods. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 47-60 Issue: 1 Volume: 7 Year: 2002 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2002.7.1.47 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2002.7.1.47 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:7:y:2002:i:1:p:47-60 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dale Serjeantson Author-X-Name-First: Dale Author-X-Name-Last: Serjeantson Title: 'Science is Measurement'; ABMAP, a Database of Domestic Animal Bone Measurements Abstract: A database of animal bone measurements, the Animal Bone Metrical Archive Project (ABMAP), is now available on the Web at http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/specColl/abmap. The measurements can be downloaded and imported into a spreadsheet. They are of bones of domestic animals from the Neolithic to the 19th century AD from assemblages in England, most from southern England. An example is given of the retrieval of measurements of cattle metacarpals and their application in a scatter diagram. The database is a resource for zooarchaeologists and others concerned with research into prehistoric and early historic domestic livestock and animal husbandry. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 97-103 Issue: 1 Volume: 10 Year: 2005 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2005.10.1.97 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2005.10.1.97 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:10:y:2005:i:1:p:97-103 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joanna Bending Author-X-Name-First: Joanna Author-X-Name-Last: Bending Title: An Experimental Approach to the Disaggregation of Samples from Peat Deposits Abstract: The analysis of plant macrofossils from peat deposits is a common procedure, but little work has been undertaken to assess the chemical and mechanical methods of disaggregating samples mentioned by researchers in their methodologies. Experimental work was carried out on material from a peat monolith from the Faroe Islands to ascertain the effectiveness of processing using a sonic bath, sodium carbonate and potassium hydroxide for disaggregating the samples. The amount of damage caused to different modern plant parts was also assessed. The results indicate that sodium carbonate and potassium hydroxide are the most effective methods of disaggregation. Damage to plant parts was caused more quickly by potassium hydroxide than sodium carbonate. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 83-90 Issue: 1 Volume: 10 Year: 2005 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2005.10.1.83 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2005.10.1.83 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:10:y:2005:i:1:p:83-90 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maribeth Suzanne Murray Author-X-Name-First: Maribeth Suzanne Author-X-Name-Last: Murray Title: Prehistoric Use of Ringed Seals: A Zooarchaeological Study from Arctic Canada Abstract: This paper presents new data on ringed seal hunting in the Early Palaeoeskimo period (ca. 4000–3500 B.P.) in the eastern Canadian Arctic. Skeletal age schedules, thin sections of ringed seal canine teeth and skeletal element frequency analysis, provides the means to reconstruct specific seal hunting strategies, especially as regards the selection of particular age classes, season of hunt, and locations for hunting. The zooarchaeological data indicate a human predation pattern similar to the winter hunting pattern of polar bears. Most remains are from seals between the skeletal ages of four and seven/ eight – indicating the selection of juvenile and young adult seals from along ice leads and at refrozen cracks. Skeletal element representation allows for the tentative identification of sharing among households. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 19-38 Issue: 1 Volume: 10 Year: 2005 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2005.10.1.19 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2005.10.1.19 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:10:y:2005:i:1:p:19-38 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eleni Asouti Author-X-Name-First: Eleni Author-X-Name-Last: Asouti Author-Name: Phil Austin Author-X-Name-First: Phil Author-X-Name-Last: Austin Title: Reconstructing Woodland Vegetation and its Exploitation by Past Societies, based on the Analysis and Interpretation of Archaeological Wood Charcoal Macro-Remains Abstract: In this paper the significance of the analysis of archaeological wood charcoal macro-remains as a tool for the reconstruction of woodland vegetation and its exploitation is discussed. Drawing from both older and more recent publications a number of theoretical and methodological approaches are examined. It is suggested that greater integration of charcoal and archaeological data is needed when evaluating charcoal preservation and sample composition, and that a more coherent theory of the complex ecological and cultural processes affecting species availability and firewood management needs to be developed. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 1-18 Issue: 1 Volume: 10 Year: 2005 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2005.10.1.1 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2005.10.1.1 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:10:y:2005:i:1:p:1-18 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fragkiska Megaloudi Author-X-Name-First: Fragkiska Author-X-Name-Last: Megaloudi Title: Wild and Cultivated Vegetables, Herbs and Spices in Greek Antiquity (900 B.C. to 400 B.C.) Abstract: The number of vegetables, herbs and spices that have been recovered from Greek archaeological contexts (dated between 900 and 400 B.C.) allow a discussion of the status of these plants. Although not all plants are preserved equally well or recovered systematically, it is clear that a variety of vegetables, herbs and spices was known and widely used in antiquity. Literary references to these species need to be studied with reference to their archaeobotanical evidence. This paper summarises the data currently known for the remains of vegetables, herbs and spices, retrieved from historical contexts, together with literary evidence (when it is available). Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 73-82 Issue: 1 Volume: 10 Year: 2005 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2005.10.1.73 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2005.10.1.73 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:10:y:2005:i:1:p:73-82 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reviewers Author-X-Name-First: Author-X-Name-Last: Title: Book Reviews Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 105-111 Issue: 1 Volume: 10 Year: 2005 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2005.10.1.105 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2005.10.1.105 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:10:y:2005:i:1:p:105-111 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vanessa Gelorini Author-X-Name-First: Vanessa Author-X-Name-Last: Gelorini Author-Name: Jean Bourgeois Author-X-Name-First: Jean Author-X-Name-Last: Bourgeois Title: First Discovery of Black Mulberry (Morus nigra L.) Pollen in a Late Bronze Age Well at Sint-Gillis-Waas (Flanders, Belgium): Contamination or in situ Deposition? Abstract: During the palynological investigation of the fill of a Late Bronze Age well on the archaeological site of Sint-Gillis-Waas/Kluizemolen (Flanders, Belgium), a black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) pollen grain was identified. Although this find still represents the only evidence available, it could imply that the tree was grown locally in late prehistoric times. Macrobotanical remains of black mulberry (especially seeds) are only known as Roman introductions in nearby regions such as France, Germany and the British Isles. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 91-96 Issue: 1 Volume: 10 Year: 2005 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2005.10.1.91 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2005.10.1.91 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:10:y:2005:i:1:p:91-96 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Emel Oybak Dönmez Author-X-Name-First: Emel Oybak Author-X-Name-Last: Dönmez Title: Early Bronze Age Crop Plants from Yenibademli Höyük (Gökçeada), Western Turkey Abstract: Carbonised plant remains discovered in the Early Bronze Age (II) levels of Yenibademli Höyük on Gökçeada, one of offshore islands of west Anatolia, are presented. Archaeobotanical analysis of the plant remains dating from ca. 2900–2600 BC yielded a broad spectrum of crop plants comprising cereals and legumes, the latter of which appears to be of greater importance in both range and abundance. Deliberate crop mixtures (maslins) consisting of bitter vetch/wheat, fava bean/barley and wheat/barley are deduced from the pattern of crop storage on the site. It is considered that the seeds of Lathyrus clymenum L. (Spanish vetchling) recovered in large amounts are the most ancient archaeobotanical samples of this domesticated legume found in the Aegean and Eastern Mediterranean sites so far. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 39-49 Issue: 1 Volume: 10 Year: 2005 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2005.10.1.39 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2005.10.1.39 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:10:y:2005:i:1:p:39-49 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barbara M. Sageidet Author-X-Name-First: Barbara M. Author-X-Name-Last: Sageidet Title: Sub-Local Differences in Late Holocene Land Use at Orstad, Jæren in SW Norway, revealed by Soil Pollen Stratigraphy Abstract: Four soil profiles along an 84 m transect through a clearance cairn field on podsol soils at Orstad, Jæren, SW-Norway, were investigated. By relating pollen-analytical results to soil stratigraphical and morphological features, it was possible to reconstruct the landuse history of the site, and to reveal differences along the transect, although pollen preservation was poor. Human activity at Orstad began about 4500 uncalibrated 14C years BP. The reason for an intermediate abandonment of the site between about 4000 and 3600 uncalibrated 14C years BP was presumably a higher ground-water level, caused by local deforestation and/or by a climatic change. After that period, people seem to have grown cereals (Triticum and Hordeum) on at least two different field patches on the site. This land use was presumably occasional, and related to extraordinary needs. Fire-clearance seems to have been practised to prepare the fields for cultivation after long fallow periods. Between 2900 and 3200 uncalibrated 14C years BP, Orstad was possibly permanently inhabited. The agricultural fields were moved to higher levels, as the initial fields had become nutrient-depleted and too moist. Thin black layers in the profile may be remains of manure. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 51-71 Issue: 1 Volume: 10 Year: 2005 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2005.10.1.51 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2005.10.1.51 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:10:y:2005:i:1:p:51-71 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sue Colledge Author-X-Name-First: Sue Author-X-Name-Last: Colledge Author-Name: James Conolly Author-X-Name-First: James Author-X-Name-Last: Conolly Title: Reassessing the evidence for the cultivation of wild crops during the Younger Dryas at Tell Abu Hureyra, Syria Abstract: The episodic periods of climate change between the end of the Pleistocene and the Early Holocene had significant effects on vegetation in the Levant. The three Late Epipalaeolithic phases at Tell Abu Hureyra (c. 13·1 kya cal. BP to 12·0 kya cal. BP) span the onset of the Younger Dryas when there was a reversion to cold and dry conditions from the preceding warmer/wetter Bølling-Allerød interstadial. The deterioration of the climate is argued to have caused a recession of Mediterranean woodland from the immediate environs of the site and thus the habitats of many of the edible large-seeded annual plants became less accessible. Changes in the taxonomic composition of the archaeobotanical samples from the three Late Epipalaeolithic phases were interpreted by the original analyst as reflecting diet change in response to a reduction in resource availability, with the inception of cultivation of wild cereals and large-seeded legumes to maintain yields of these high-ranked species. In this reassessment of the data we propose an alternative model and demonstrate that the changes in plant exploitation strategies at Abu Hureyra, which coincide with the onset of the Younger Dryas, can be more parsimoniously interpreted as representing a broadening of the plant diet to compensate for a loss in availability of higher-ranked species. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 124-138 Issue: 2 Volume: 15 Year: 2010 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/146141010X12640787648504 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/146141010X12640787648504 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:15:y:2010:i:2:p:124-138 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael Charles Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Charles Author-Name: Hugues Pessin Author-X-Name-First: Hugues Author-X-Name-Last: Pessin Author-Name: Mette Marie Hald Author-X-Name-First: Mette Marie Author-X-Name-Last: Hald Title: Tolerating change at Late Chalcolithic Tell Brak: responses of an early urban society to an uncertain climate Abstract: Recent excavation and survey work in northern Mesopotamia has shown that the Late Chalcolithic urban-based society, based on rain-fed agriculture, in many ways matches that of southern Mesopotamian Uruk civilisation where irrigation agriculture is attributed a key role. This northern civilisation thrived for some thousand years from the late 5th to 4th millennium BC. Reconstruction of the climate of the region during this period suggests that a climatic optimum, of temperature and precipitation, persisted until the time of the collapse at the end of the 4th millennium BC. This paper assesses the scale and duration of climatic change around the 5·2 kBP climate event as recorded in lake and cave material and examines the on-site charred plant evidence of crops, weeds and wood charcoal from Tell Brak (north-eastern Syria) for economic and environmental responses to these climate changes. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 183-198 Issue: 2 Volume: 15 Year: 2010 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/146141010X12640787648892 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/146141010X12640787648892 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:15:y:2010:i:2:p:183-198 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dorian Q. Fuller Author-X-Name-First: Dorian Q. Author-X-Name-Last: Fuller Author-Name: Ling Qin Author-X-Name-First: Ling Author-X-Name-Last: Qin Title: Declining oaks, increasing artistry, and cultivating rice: the environmental and social context of the emergence of farming in the Lower Yangtze Region Abstract: There is a growing body of evidence that reliance on rice cultivation emerged gradually in the Lower and Middle Yangtze river basin during the mid-Holocene amongst societies that had a heavy emphasis on the seasonal collecting and storage of acorns (Cyclobalanopsis, Lithocarpus and/or Quercus) and aquatic nuts (Trapa, Euryale). Recent archaeobotanical research, like that at Tianluoshan, provides evidence for the emergence of cultivation and the decrease in importance of gathered plant foods, and this paper situates these changes in relation to environmental, including climatically driven, changes especially in the Hangzhou Bay (Lower Yangtze) region. A growing number of pollen and other palaecological studies have become available in recent years, and here they will be reviewed to test the hypothesis that regional declines in nut-bearing trees (especially oaks, but also possibly Castanea/Castanopsis chestnuts) was one of the factors that favoured the increasing reliance on rice, which in turn drove the evolution, expansion and intensification of cultivation and the evolution of morphologically domesticated rice. Another factor, however, that also needs to be considered is the evidence for the emergence of social hierarchy and specialised craft production which may have concurrently pushed for an increasingly socially controlled and reliable staple food source in the form of rice. In this regard, it is important to note that intensification of rice use required increasing degrees of labour mobilisation, and landscape transformation, which could provide returns on labour investment to a degree that was not possible with oak groves. Current evidence indicates that both climate-driven environmental changes and social motivations correlate with the shift to domesticated rice and rice agriculture over the latter part of the Neolithic (6000–3000 BC). The earlier beginnings of rice cultivation, the first steps along this pathway, remain obscure although some earlier Holocene climatic events appear correlated. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 139-159 Issue: 2 Volume: 15 Year: 2010 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/146141010X12640787648531 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/146141010X12640787648531 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:15:y:2010:i:2:p:139-159 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amy Bogaard Author-X-Name-First: Amy Author-X-Name-Last: Bogaard Author-Name: Nicki Whitehouse Author-X-Name-First: Nicki Author-X-Name-Last: Whitehouse Title: Early agriculture in uncertain climates: themes and approaches Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 109-112 Issue: 2 Volume: 15 Year: 2010 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/146141010X12640787648423 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/146141010X12640787648423 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:15:y:2010:i:2:p:109-112 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rick Schulting Author-X-Name-First: Rick Author-X-Name-Last: Schulting Title: Holocene environmental change and the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in north-west Europe: revisiting two models Abstract: Two previously proposed models relating the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition to environmental change in north-west Europe are critically re-examined in the light of accumulating palaeoenvironmental data, and a realistic appraisal of spatial and temporal resolution. The first deals with declining marine productivity in the western Baltic, and the other with a proposed shift to drier, more continental conditions across north-west Europe. Both models are found to be unsatisfactory, although the case for southern Scandinavia seems to hold greater potential, at least for this region. Problems arise in the spatial scale over which climate change models are intended to apply, and over poor chronological resolution. Understanding the extent and nature of climate change at the relevant period, c. 6000/5800 cal. BP, is far from straightforward, as is the chain of causality between this and the adoption of mixed farming as a way of life. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 160-172 Issue: 2 Volume: 15 Year: 2010 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/146141010X12640787648586 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/146141010X12640787648586 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:15:y:2010:i:2:p:160-172 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jörg Schibler Author-X-Name-First: Jörg Author-X-Name-Last: Schibler Author-Name: Stefanie Jacomet Author-X-Name-First: Stefanie Author-X-Name-Last: Jacomet Title: Short climatic fluctuations and their impact on human economies and societies: the potential of the Neolithic lake shore settlements in the Alpine foreland Abstract: Neolithic lake shore settlements offer excellent preservation conditions for organic finds (e.g. wood, botanical remains, animal bones, etc.) which mostly occur in uncarbonised form. These organic remains provide exact dendrochronological dating and detailed information about nutrition of the people and their environment. We use this excellent database to investigate the impact of short-term climatic fluctuation on the economy of human communities. Comparison between archaeozoological results and climatic proxies reveal correlations between the two. During short periods of climatic deterioration high levels of hunting are observed, leading us to conclude that during these phases of wild resources like game were more intensively exploited. This exploitation may possibly be a response to problems in the production of cereals. Methodological problems with archaeobotanical data, however, make an easy causal attribution difficult. Contingent on regional differences in climatic conditions, the influence of short-term climatic fluctuations varies greatly across the Alpine foreland. Where there are frequent phases of climatic deteriorations over an extended time period, indications of overexploitation of wild resources are observed. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 173-182 Issue: 2 Volume: 15 Year: 2010 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/146141010X12640787648856 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/146141010X12640787648856 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:15:y:2010:i:2:p:173-182 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jennifer Cunniff Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer Author-X-Name-Last: Cunniff Author-Name: Michael Charles Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Charles Author-Name: Glynis Jones Author-X-Name-First: Glynis Author-X-Name-Last: Jones Author-Name: Colin P. Osborne Author-X-Name-First: Colin P. Author-X-Name-Last: Osborne Title: Was low atmospheric CO2 a limiting factor in the origin of agriculture? Abstract: The origin of agriculture in numerous independent regions soon after the last glacial period points to a global limitation for domestication. One hypothesis proposes that the post-glacial rise in atmospheric CO2 concentration from 180 to 270 ppm increased the productivity of wild crop progenitors, thereby removing a barrier to domestication. However, the inclusion of C4 crops among the earliest domesticates challenges this hypothesis, because these species possess a carbon-concentrating mechanism that is expected to offset CO2 limitation. We used an experimental approach to test this aspect of the hypothesis, finding that an increase in CO2 from glacial to post-glacial levels caused significant gains in vegetative biomass in wild modern representatives of C3 and C4 cereals. Investigation into the underlying mechanisms showed photosynthesis to be limited by CO2 at glacial levels in both types. More significantly, for the C4 species, transpiration rates were reduced, leading to indirect benefits for photosynthesis when water was limited. Finally, higher CO2 levels stimulated yield by 50% in C3 species and 10–15% in C4 species. The data provide experimental support for the CO2-limitation hypothesis, showing that atmospheric conditions of the last glaciation would have placed direct and indirect restrictions on the productivity of crop progenitors. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 113-123 Issue: 2 Volume: 15 Year: 2010 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/146141010X12640787648469 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/146141010X12640787648469 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:15:y:2010:i:2:p:113-123 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reviewers Author-X-Name-First: Author-X-Name-Last: Title: Reviews Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 199-206 Issue: 2 Volume: 15 Year: 2010 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/146141010X12640787648937 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/146141010X12640787648937 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:15:y:2010:i:2:p:199-206 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ingrid Ward Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid Author-X-Name-Last: Ward Author-Name: Piers Larcombe Author-X-Name-First: Piers Author-X-Name-Last: Larcombe Author-Name: Malcolm Lillie Author-X-Name-First: Malcolm Author-X-Name-Last: Lillie Title: The dating of Doggerland – post-glacial geochronology of the southern North Sea Abstract: The landscapes and archaeological sites of the southern North Sea, drowned in the period 12–6 ky BP, represent an almost unexplored field of research. Published palaeoenvironmental reconstructions are largely speculative, being based on few published sea-level index points and in the absence of detailed physical and chronological surveys. In this paper, we review the post-glacial geochronology for the southern North Sea, which includes 54 radiocarbon ages derived from peat, 17 from molluscs and one known dated artefact. The lack of detailed contextual information for many dated samples means that there remains uncertainty in some elevation data, and thus in the resulting interpreted sea level. The archaeological artefacts are mostly derived deposits and thus are of limited use in palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. Overall, the data are consistent with current models of relative sea-level change back to about 10 ky BP (∼45 m depth) but beyond this, there is very little published data. Much more detailed stratigraphic, microfossil and geochemical analysis is needed to help verify chronological data, help interpret the sedimentary settings in which fossils and artefacts are found, and contribute towards more reliable palaeoenvironmental and archaeological reconstructions of the history of the southern North Sea. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 207-218 Issue: 2 Volume: 11 Year: 2006 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963106x123214 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963106x123214 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:11:y:2006:i:2:p:207-218 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kari Loe Hjelle Author-X-Name-First: Kari Loe Author-X-Name-Last: Hjelle Author-Name: Anne Karin Hufthammer Author-X-Name-First: Anne Karin Author-X-Name-Last: Hufthammer Author-Name: Knut Andreas Bergsvik Author-X-Name-First: Knut Andreas Author-X-Name-Last: Bergsvik Title: Hesitant hunters: a review of the introduction of agriculture in western Norway Abstract: Evidence for the introduction of agriculture in western Norway is presented, using three categories of data: (1) palaeobotanical data, including pollen diagrams from lakes, bogs and archaeological sites, focusing on the presence of cereals, Plantago lanceolata L. and anthropogenic pollen indicators, and charred macro remains of cereals from archaeological sites; (2) osteological data, focusing on the occurrences of bones of cattle, sheep and goats in three rock-shelters, and the bone material from one open-air Neolithic site; (3) archaeological data, including artefacts indicating agricultural practices, distribution of residential settlement sites, and stray finds. The evidence for agricultural activity at the beginning of the fourth millennium BC (Early Neolithic, EN) is low, whereas the presence of both cereals and animal husbandry is indicated in the palaeobotanical material from the Middle Neolithic A (MNA, 3400–2600 cal. BC). The earliest record of domesticated animal bones is dated to the Middle Neolithic B (MNB, 2600–2200 cal. BC), while palynological and archaeological data also indicate an expansion in the area cultivated by early farmers. All data confirm the establishment of an agrarian society and animal husbandry in the Late Neolithic (LN, 2200–1700 cal. BC). It is concluded that agriculture was introduced into western Norway by the indigenous hunter-fisher populations. During this process, social and ideological factors played principal roles. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 147-170 Issue: 2 Volume: 11 Year: 2006 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963106x123188 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963106x123188 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:11:y:2006:i:2:p:147-170 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Smith Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Smith Author-Name: Vince Gaffney Author-X-Name-First: Vince Author-X-Name-Last: Gaffney Author-Name: Darja Grossman Author-X-Name-First: Darja Author-X-Name-Last: Grossman Author-Name: Andy J. Howard Author-X-Name-First: Andy J. Author-X-Name-Last: Howard Author-Name: Ante Milošević Author-X-Name-First: Ante Author-X-Name-Last: Milošević Author-Name: Krištof Ostir Author-X-Name-First: Krištof Author-X-Name-Last: Ostir Author-Name: Tomaš Podobnikar Author-X-Name-First: Tomaš Author-X-Name-Last: Podobnikar Author-Name: Wendy Smith Author-X-Name-First: Wendy Author-X-Name-Last: Smith Author-Name: Emma Tetlow Author-X-Name-First: Emma Author-X-Name-Last: Tetlow Author-Name: Martin Tingle Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Tingle Author-Name: Heather Tinsley Author-X-Name-First: Heather Author-X-Name-Last: Tinsley Title: Assessing the later prehistoric environmental archaeology and landscape development of the Cetina Valley, Croatia Abstract: This paper describes preliminary work on the environmental and archaeological potential of the Cetina River Valley, Croatia. Two seasons of fieldwork and assessment have suggested that the valley contains a preserved landscape, much of which is waterlogged. It is clear that there is the potential to address many local and regional questions concerning land use, subsistence and environmental change in an area where previously only limited environmental archaeology has been undertaken. One pressing issue is how to prospect for both cultural and environmental archaeological deposits within this regional landscape. This is especially true in cases where little 'base-line data' exists. This paper outlines the current practice and suggests a number of new approaches to prospecting for environmental 'hotspots'. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 171-186 Issue: 2 Volume: 11 Year: 2006 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963106x123197 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963106x123197 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:11:y:2006:i:2:p:171-186 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reviewers Author-X-Name-First: Author-X-Name-Last: Title: Reviews Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 253-256 Issue: 2 Volume: 11 Year: 2006 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2006.11.2.253 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2006.11.2.253 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:11:y:2006:i:2:p:253-256 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thomas H. McGovern Author-X-Name-First: Thomas H. Author-X-Name-Last: McGovern Author-Name: Sophia Perdikaris Author-X-Name-First: Sophia Author-X-Name-Last: Perdikaris Author-Name: Árni Einarsson Author-X-Name-First: Árni Author-X-Name-Last: Einarsson Author-Name: Jane Sidell Author-X-Name-First: Jane Author-X-Name-Last: Sidell Title: Coastal connections, local fishing, and sustainable egg harvesting: patterns of Viking Age inland wild resource use in Mývatn district, Northern Iceland Abstract: The 'Landscapes of Settlement Project' has carried out archaeological and paleoenvironmental research in the Lake Mývatn region of N. Iceland since 1996. Animal bone collections dating from the late 9th century to the early 13th century AD have been recovered from five sites in different ecological zones around the lake, and three of these sites provide multiple phases datable through radiocarbon, artefacts, and volcanic tephra. Modern systematic biological and geological investigations in the Mývatn district date to the 19th century and a detailed picture of the recent ecology can be combined with both archaeological and historical evidence for long term resource exploitation by humans in this inland region. Analysis of bird bones and bird eggshell suggests that the locally managed sustainable harvest of migratory waterfowl eggs carried out over the last 150 years extends back to the 9th century. These inland archaeofauna also include significant numbers of marine fish and sea birds, marine mollusca, and a few seal and porpoise bones. Marine fish remains recovered indicate specialised transport of partial skeletons missing most cranial and some thoracic vertebrae, suggesting that a cured fish product was being regularly brought to inland farms during the early years of the settlement. Inter-regional exchange and a pre-Hanseatic artisanal fish trade prior to AD 1000 suggests the importance of preserved marine fish in early Scandinavian economies, and may shed light on the source of the 11th century 'fish event horizon' recently documented in southern Britain. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 187-205 Issue: 2 Volume: 11 Year: 2006 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963106x123205 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963106x123205 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:11:y:2006:i:2:p:187-205 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dorian Q Fuller Author-X-Name-First: Dorian Q Author-X-Name-Last: Fuller Author-Name: Emma L. Harvey Author-X-Name-First: Emma L. Author-X-Name-Last: Harvey Title: The archaeobotany of Indian pulses: identification, processing and evidence for cultivation Abstract: Pulses are a significant component of traditional subsistence in South Asia. Reliable identification criteria for identifying these from archaeological seed remains are reviewed. The botanical evidence relating to the wild progenitors and their distribution, especially of Indian natives (Macrotyloma uniflorum, Vigna radiata, Vigna mungo) is summarised, including new evidence from primary botanical research. The problem of seed size increase in pulses is reviewed through a focused study on Vigna spp., in which it is shown that seed enlargement is delayed by 1–2,000 years after initial cultivation. The taphonomy of archaeological pulses is considered in the context of crop-processing of pulses, in which an important distinction can be drawn between free-threshing and pod-threshing types. The total archaeobotanical record for pulses in South Asia (India and Pakistan) is summarised and key regional differences are highlighted. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 219-246 Issue: 2 Volume: 11 Year: 2006 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963106x123232 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963106x123232 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:11:y:2006:i:2:p:219-246 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marloes Rijkelijkhuizen Author-X-Name-First: Marloes Author-X-Name-Last: Rijkelijkhuizen Author-Name: Louise van Wijngaarden-Bakker Author-X-Name-First: Louise Author-X-Name-Last: van Wijngaarden-Bakker Title: Nuts in the Netherlands: Attalea and other nuts from archaeological contexts, dating from the 16th to 19th century AD Abstract: This paper describes the use of palm nuts for the manufacture of artefacts in the Netherlands. From the 17th to 19th century buttons were made of nuts of the Brazilian palm tree Attalea cf. funifera. Finds from 17th century shipwrecks suggest that the palm nuts of this species were directly imported from Middle or South America. Coconuts were used for carving, for example for the manufacture of coconut beakers. In the 19th century buttons were also made of 'vegetable ivory' or tagua nut. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 247-251 Issue: 2 Volume: 11 Year: 2006 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963106x123241 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963106x123241 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:11:y:2006:i:2:p:247-251 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Antony Brown Author-X-Name-First: Antony Author-X-Name-Last: Brown Author-Name: Jenny Bennett Author-X-Name-First: Jenny Author-X-Name-Last: Bennett Author-Name: Edward Rhodes Author-X-Name-First: Edward Author-X-Name-Last: Rhodes Title: Roman mining on Exmoor: a geomorphological approach at Anstey's Combe, Dulverton Abstract: A survey of valley fills in south-facing combes (headwater valleys) along the south side of the Exmoor massif revealed an anomalously deep infill in one valley. This infill of up to 5 m depth had been gullied revealing a complex stratigraphy. Studies of the stratigraphy, clast orientation and shape suggested several accumulation episodes under different environmental conditions commencing in a periglacial climatic regime. Later units included sandy silts which can be dated using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) of quartz grains. The OSL dates, indicate that the inter-gravel silts accumulated in two periods, the Romano-British period and the 16th–17th centuries AD. A survey of the very small valley catchment revealed a linear trench of a type associated with early iron mining. Given the anomalously high volume of accumulated sediment from such a small catchment and evidence of mining on the slope above the site, the geomorphic mechanism is almost certainly the downslope transport of mining debris from the slope to the valley floor. This study suggests that the systematic survey of headwater valleys in metalliferous uplands may be one way of locating areas of early mining activity and that such deposits could provide a chronology of working and abandonment. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 50-61 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2009 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963109X400673 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963109X400673 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:14:y:2009:i:1:p:50-61 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jacob Morales Author-X-Name-First: Jacob Author-X-Name-Last: Morales Author-Name: Amelia Rodríguez Author-X-Name-First: Amelia Author-X-Name-Last: Rodríguez Author-Name: Verónica Alberto Author-X-Name-First: Verónica Author-X-Name-Last: Alberto Author-Name: Carmen Machado Author-X-Name-First: Carmen Author-X-Name-Last: Machado Author-Name: Constantino Criado Author-X-Name-First: Constantino Author-X-Name-Last: Criado Title: The impact of human activities on the natural environment of the Canary Islands (Spain) during the pre-Hispanic stage (3rd–2nd Century BC to 15th Century AD): an overview Abstract: This paper presents a brief review of archaeological evidence for the impact of the pre-Hispanic population on the environment of the Canary Islands. Prior to human colonisation, the archipelago was an untouched environment with high botanical and faunal biodiversity. The first human settlement can be traced to the early 1st millennium BC; this period of settlement finished at the end of the 15th century AD when the Spanish Crown conquered the archipelago. It has often been assumed that the pre-Hispanic population had little significant impact on the islands' ecosystems. However, abundant evidence for faunal extinctions, deforestation and soil erosion has been recovered from archaeological sites across the islands. This indicates that pre-Hispanic colonisers introduced cultivated plants, opened up the forests to create fields and cut woody vegetation for fuel. They also introduced domestic animals and alien predators resulting in a major depletion of native fauna. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 27-36 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2009 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963109X400655 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963109X400655 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:14:y:2009:i:1:p:27-36 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marie Balasse Author-X-Name-First: Marie Author-X-Name-Last: Balasse Author-Name: Ingrid Mainland Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid Author-X-Name-Last: Mainland Author-Name: Michael P. Richards Author-X-Name-First: Michael P. Author-X-Name-Last: Richards Title: Stable isotope evidence for seasonal consumption of marine seaweed by modern and archaeological sheep in the Orkney archipelago (Scotland) Abstract: The use of seaweed as fodder for domestic animals during winter has been suggested for the North Atlantic isles in prehistory with reference to a historically attested practice. We tested the use of stable isotope analysis in tooth enamel bioapatite to detect seasonal consumption of seaweed on modern sheep from the Orkney archipelago, with no contribution, seasonal contribution or exclusive contribution of seaweed to diet. There was no overlap between the δ13C of local terrestrial vegetation and marine plants available on the shore. Sheep relying on seaweed had enamel δ13C values as high as −3·1‰, differing from grazing sheep with enamel δ13C values comprised between −17·7‰ and −15·1‰. Seaweed consumption was also reflected in lower amplitudes of intra-tooth variation in enamel δ18O values (0·3‰ to 1·8‰ in seaweed-eating sheep; 3·6‰ to 4·1‰ in grazing sheep), likely due to ingestion of oceanic water. The protocol was applied to archaeological assemblages from the same archipelago. A winter consumption of seaweed was detected in one sheep from the Neolithic site of Point of Cott and one sheep from the Iron Age assemblage of Mine Howe. No contribution of seaweed to the sheep diet was shown at the Late Norse site of Earl's Bu. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 1-14 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2009 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963109X400637 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963109X400637 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:14:y:2009:i:1:p:1-14 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carla Bottari Author-X-Name-First: Carla Author-X-Name-Last: Bottari Author-Name: Maria D'Amico Author-X-Name-First: Maria Author-X-Name-Last: D'Amico Author-Name: Monica Maugeri Author-X-Name-First: Monica Author-X-Name-Last: Maugeri Author-Name: Antonio Bottari Author-X-Name-First: Antonio Author-X-Name-Last: Bottari Author-Name: Giuliana D'Addezio Author-X-Name-First: Giuliana Author-X-Name-Last: D'Addezio Author-Name: Biagio Privitera Author-X-Name-First: Biagio Author-X-Name-Last: Privitera Author-Name: Gabriella Tigano Author-X-Name-First: Gabriella Author-X-Name-Last: Tigano Title: Location of the ancient Tindari harbour from geoarchaeological investigations (NE Sicily) Abstract: In the Greek and Roman periods, the fortified town of Tindari's military and trading importance combined with its strategic location in north-east Sicily allowed it to control traffic on the Tyrrhenian Sea for many centuries. Historical sources (Polybius, Cicero, Livy and Appian) testify to the flourishing maritime activity of the ancient town, but do not supply any information on the location, size or configuration of its harbour. Because a town as important as Tindari must have had a landing place for ships, we examined new sources of information with the aim of identifying its location. Historiographical and archaeological surveys produced evidence of a well-organised harbour. Geomorphological investigations, performed along the Tindari Promontory, identified Holocene uplifted and submerged notches indicating past sea level changes. Furthermore, it was found that in the last four centuries the combined actions of marine and fluvial dynamics had produced a progressive filling of the Oliveri lowland and a progradation of the shoreline, which was responsible for the burial of ancient buildings. The palaeotopographic reconstruction of the Tindari Cape Promontory and Oliveri coastal plain in the 4th century BC shows a safe landing place south-east of the Tindari Cape that was suitably protected from prevailing winds. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 37-49 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2009 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963109X400664 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963109X400664 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:14:y:2009:i:1:p:37-49 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Charles French Author-X-Name-First: Charles Author-X-Name-Last: French Title: Hydrological monitoring of an alluviated landscape in the lower Great Ouse valley at Over, Cambridgeshire: the quarry restoration phase Abstract: This paper sets out the results of the last phase of the hydrological monitoring programme conducted at the Hanson Over quarry in Cambridgeshire, during the first full year (March 2004 to March 2005) in which the area of the first phase of gravel extraction was reinstated as reed beds under the management of the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds. It follows on from the studies of the pre-extraction and extraction phases, both published previously in Environmental Archaeology (French et al. 1999; French 2004). It is reassuring to report that the groundwater table in the formerly quarried area and the landscape immediately upstream and downstream has ostensibly been restored to pre-extraction levels, along with a return to previous pH, conductivity, redox and dissolved oxygen values in the groundwater system. Significantly, the continuing gradual fall in groundwater levels observed beyond 500 m from the quarry face for a distance of at least 1·5 km was seen to be arrested, although these had not quite recovered to pre-extraction levels downstream to the northeast. In addition, the soil moisture within the alluvial overburden and the buried palaeosol has also almost returned to pre-extraction levels. This indicates that the clay bunding of the formerly quarried areas acts as an effective barrier against further water abstraction, both inside and outside the sealed area, and allows the natural aquifer to begin to return to its previous levels of influence.The study dramatically indicates that both the mineral operator, drainage authority and archaeological curator need to collaborate from the outset of any quarrying operation to ensure the continuing maintenance of the groundwater and soil moisture system regardless of how well the combined gravel and water abstraction processes are conducted, and how successful the post-quarry conservation is. As every site's landscape dynamics contribute to its individual hydrological setting, each case is different and requires tailored monitoring programmes to protect the archaeological and palaeo-environmental record from the adverse effects of water abstraction associated with development schemes. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 62-75 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2009 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963109X400682 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963109X400682 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:14:y:2009:i:1:p:62-75 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reviewers Author-X-Name-First: Author-X-Name-Last: Title: Reviews Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 90-102 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2009 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963109X400691 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963109X400691 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:14:y:2009:i:1:p:90-102 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Simon Davis Author-X-Name-First: Simon Author-X-Name-Last: Davis Author-Name: Michael MacKinnon Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: MacKinnon Title: Did the Romans bring fallow deer to Portugal? Abstract: We describe six cervid bones — a distal humerus, three distal tibiae, and two astragali — from two Roman sites, São Pedro Fronteira and Torre de Palma, in the Alentejo of Portugal. They are identified on morphological and osteometric grounds as fallow deer, Dama dama. They represent the earliest Holocene evidence for this species in Portugal, and it is suggested that, like the camel, the Romans were responsible for its spread within their Empire. While remains of this animal have not so far been reported in any Moslem period assemblages, there is documentary evidence for the existence of fallow deer in Portugal in the 12th and 13th centuries AD, although the possibility that fallow deer disappeared with the end of Roman rule should be considered. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 15-26 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2009 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963109X400646 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963109X400646 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:14:y:2009:i:1:p:15-26 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: U¨lle Sillasoo Author-X-Name-First: U¨lle Author-X-Name-Last: Sillasoo Title: Plants in Late Medieval festivals and customs in written and pictorial sources from southern central Europe Abstract: This paper derives from research carried out on plant representations in Late Medieval religious art in southern central Europe. The uses of plants in most important Late Medieval religious festivals and customs in southern central Europe are described. Plants with festive connotations are identified and shown in their cultural contexts. The main goal of this research was to show how visual evidence, interpreted with the help of historical sources, could contribute to archaeobotanical research on Late Medieval plants and their use in festive occasions in the region in the later Middle Ages. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 76-89 Issue: 1 Volume: 14 Year: 2009 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1179/174963108X345720 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/174963108X345720 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:14:y:2009:i:1:p:76-89 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sofie Debruyne Author-X-Name-First: Sofie Author-X-Name-Last: Debruyne Title: Stacks and sheets: The microstructure of nacreous shell and its merit in the field of archaeology Abstract: Inspired by archaeological finds from Kilise Tepe in southern Turkey, this paper explains how the internal structure of nacreous shell can indicate which type of shell was its source. Previous work in the biological sciences demonstrated that it is possible to distinguish between gastropods/cephalopods and bivalves by observing the arrangement of the aragonite tablets in the nacreous layer, and that the thickness of these tablets is fairly constant within taxa but can differ between them. This study verifies these properties by scanning electron microscopy on modern and ancient material, and discusses the benefit in the field of archaeology. The text is not the result of full-scale research but rather a proof of concept to explore the potential of the topic. It is shown that the difference between gastropods/cephalopods and bivalves can indeed be established by looking at the internal architecture of their mother-of-pearl, but that it is problematic to further discriminate between taxa. The thickness of the aragonite tablets is not a reliable distinctive feature. The microstructure of the overlying prismatic layer is a useful parameter when it is preserved. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 153-165 Issue: 2 Volume: 19 Year: 2014 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631413Y.0000000014 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631413Y.0000000014 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:19:y:2014:i:2:p:153-165 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jutta Lechterbeck Author-X-Name-First: Jutta Author-X-Name-Last: Lechterbeck Author-Name: Tim Kerig Author-X-Name-First: Tim Author-X-Name-Last: Kerig Author-Name: Angelika Kleinmann Author-X-Name-First: Angelika Author-X-Name-Last: Kleinmann Author-Name: Marion Sillmann Author-X-Name-First: Marion Author-X-Name-Last: Sillmann Author-Name: Lucia Wick Author-X-Name-First: Lucia Author-X-Name-Last: Wick Author-Name: Manfred Rösch Author-X-Name-First: Manfred Author-X-Name-Last: Rösch Title: How was Bell Beaker economy related to Corded Ware and Early Bronze Age lifestyles? Archaeological, botanical and palynological evidence from the Hegau, Western Lake Constance region Abstract: The Europe wide spread of what has been called the Bell Beaker phenomenon remains an enigma of European prehistory. While most of the recent research stresses the ideological aspects of using Bell Beaker material culture, here we take a regional and economical perspective. We look for the chronological relationships and the economic choices of the Bell Beaker phase and of its closest neighbours in time and space: the Late Neolithic Corded Ware and the Early Bronze Age. We focus on the regional archaeological settlement history and present the hitherto richest European Bell Beaker-associated collection of palaeobotanical macro-remains, together with our high-resolution palynological work on annually laminated lake sediments. These different lines of evidence are tied together by an absolute chronology derived from new radiocarbon accelerated mass spectrometry (AMS) dates (now more than 200) and from the dendrodates from the World Heritage wet preserved pile dwellings. We show the preceding Late Neolithic, the actual Bell Beaker, and the following Early Bronze age economies each relying on different agricultural strategies that focus on distinct parts of the landscape. There is no link obvious between Late Neolithic and Bell Beaker, but there is between Bell Beaker and Early Bronze Age. Related to different modes of production, differences in ideology become visible in food preferences as well as in other parts of the material culture. We conclude that the Bell Beaker economy represents a re-orientation of the mode of production focusing on single, rather small farmsteads which often do not leave a distinct signal in the archaeological record. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 95-113 Issue: 2 Volume: 19 Year: 2014 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631413Y.0000000010 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631413Y.0000000010 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:19:y:2014:i:2:p:95-113 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: André Billamboz Author-X-Name-First: André Author-X-Name-Last: Billamboz Title: Dendroarchaeology and cockchafers north of the Alps: Regional patterns of a middle frequency signal in oak tree-ring series Abstract: In Europe the mature stage in the life cycles of cockchafers, 3–4 years for Melolontha melolontha L. and 4 years for Melolontha hippocastani Fabr., often causes foliage damage in deciduous forests. Within the scope of dendrochronology, secondary effects on wood production have been generally observed in tree-ring series of rather old oak trees. Flight years were detected by eye and/or sign-test (Gleichläufigkeit) principally with reference to a 50-year long schematic model representing the cockchafer's reproduction cycles. In the SW German dendroarchaeological record, the detection of cockchafer effects in short oak tree-ring series from different periods has led to a reconsideration of the mode of calculation, which now takes into account a shorter time span which is in better agreement with the development of the cockchafer populations (∼30 years) and paying particular attention to the calendar distribution of the cockchafer flight systems known in the region North of the Alps. In the case of the 3-year cycle of M. melolontha, the distribution of the recorded years shows three superimposed, 1-year shifted middle frequency signals almost corresponding to the development of cockchafer populations and their three known flight systems (A: Basel; B: Berne; C: Uri). Consequently, regional patterns reflecting this development in space and time can be used as support for dating short tree-ring sequences and also for the question of timber supply and dendroprovenancing. Moreover, gradation cycles of cockchafer populations along with the frequency of mass outbreaks can be evaluated from an ecological and climatological perspective, with respect to human clearing activities and short- to middle-term changes of landscape. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 114-123 Issue: 2 Volume: 19 Year: 2014 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000055 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000055 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:19:y:2014:i:2:p:114-123 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aitor Moreno-Larrazabal Author-X-Name-First: Aitor Author-X-Name-Last: Moreno-Larrazabal Author-Name: Eloisa Uribarri Author-X-Name-First: Eloisa Author-X-Name-Last: Uribarri Author-Name: Xabier Peñalver Author-X-Name-First: Xabier Author-X-Name-Last: Peñalver Author-Name: Lydia Zapata Author-X-Name-First: Lydia Author-X-Name-Last: Zapata Title: Fuelwood, crops and acorns from Iritegi cave (Oñati, Basque Country) Abstract: We present the analyses of plant macroremains from Iritegi, a cave from Northern Iberia with archaeological levels dated from the Chalcolithic to the Iron Age. Wood charcoal assemblages are dominated throughout the sequence by Fraxinus. Other important taxa are Quercus subg. Quercus, followed by Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Ilex aquifolium, Taxus baccata and Ulmus. Acer, Alnus and Maloideae occur in very low numbers. The high percentages of Fraxinus are possibly result from the selection of ash for fodder. Evidence for the use of crops (Hordeum vulgare, Triticum aestivum/durum) comes only from the Chalcolithic contexts. The identification of acorns in one Chalcolithic hearth shows that roasting of these nuts was taking place maybe to improve taste and to facilitate further processing or to improve storage conditions. The results show that plant food gathering still played a role within the subsistence of farming human groups in the region. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 166-175 Issue: 2 Volume: 19 Year: 2014 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000017 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000017 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:19:y:2014:i:2:p:166-175 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael J. Grant Author-X-Name-First: Michael J. Author-X-Name-Last: Grant Author-Name: Chris J. Stevens Author-X-Name-First: Chris J. Author-X-Name-Last: Stevens Author-Name: Nicki J. Whitehouse Author-X-Name-First: Nicki J. Author-X-Name-Last: Whitehouse Author-Name: David Norcott Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Norcott Author-Name: Richard I. Macphail Author-X-Name-First: Richard I. Author-X-Name-Last: Macphail Author-Name: Catherine Langdon Author-X-Name-First: Catherine Author-X-Name-Last: Langdon Author-Name: Nigel Cameron Author-X-Name-First: Nigel Author-X-Name-Last: Cameron Author-Name: Catherine Barnett Author-X-Name-First: Catherine Author-X-Name-Last: Barnett Author-Name: Peter G. Langdon Author-X-Name-First: Peter G. Author-X-Name-Last: Langdon Author-Name: John Crowder Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Crowder Author-Name: Nicola Mulhall Author-X-Name-First: Nicola Author-X-Name-Last: Mulhall Author-Name: Kevin Attree Author-X-Name-First: Kevin Author-X-Name-Last: Attree Author-Name: Matt Leivers Author-X-Name-First: Matt Author-X-Name-Last: Leivers Author-Name: Richard Greatorex Author-X-Name-First: Richard Author-X-Name-Last: Greatorex Author-Name: Chris Ellis Author-X-Name-First: Chris Author-X-Name-Last: Ellis Title: A palaeoenvironmental context for Terminal Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic activity in the Colne Valley: Offsite records contemporary with occupation at Three Ways Wharf, Uxbridge Abstract: Multi-proxy analyses from floodplain deposits in the Colne Valley, southern England, have provided a palaeoenvironmental context for the immediately adjacent Terminal Upper Palaeolithic and Early Mesolithic site of Three Ways Wharf. These deposits show the transition from an open cool environment to fully developed heterogeneous floodplain vegetation during the Early Mesolithic. Several distinct phases of burning are shown to have occurred that are chronologically contemporary with the local archaeological record. The floodplain itself is shown to have supported a number of rare Urwaldrelikt insect species implying human manipulation of the floodplain at this time must have been limited or episodic. By the Late Mesolithic a reed-sedge swamp had developed across much of the floodplain, within which repeated burning of the in situ vegetation took place. This indicates deliberate land management practices utilising fire, comparable with findings from other floodplain sequences in southern Britain. With similar sedimentary sequences known to exist across the Colne Valley, often closely associated with contemporary archaeology, the potential for placing the archaeological record within a spatially explicit palaeoenvironmental context is great. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 131-152 Issue: 2 Volume: 19 Year: 2014 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631413Y.0000000015 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631413Y.0000000015 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:19:y:2014:i:2:p:131-152 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Isabelle C. Winder Author-X-Name-First: Isabelle C. Author-X-Name-Last: Winder Title: Early Hominin Paleoecology Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 179-180 Issue: 2 Volume: 19 Year: 2014 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/1461410314Z.00000000058 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1461410314Z.00000000058 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:19:y:2014:i:2:p:179-180 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Scott Timpany Author-X-Name-First: Scott Author-X-Name-Last: Timpany Title: Plant use and crop husbandry in an early Neolithic village: Vaihingen an der Enz, Baden-Württemberg Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 177-178 Issue: 2 Volume: 19 Year: 2014 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000052 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000052 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:19:y:2014:i:2:p:177-178 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jason T. Jordan Author-X-Name-First: Jason T. Author-X-Name-Last: Jordan Title: The Geoarchaeology of Lake Michigan Coastal Dunes Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 176-176 Issue: 2 Volume: 19 Year: 2014 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000051 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000051 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:19:y:2014:i:2:p:176-176 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. M. Janssen Author-X-Name-First: D. M. Author-X-Name-Last: Janssen Author-Name: I. P. Wilkinson Author-X-Name-First: I. P. Author-X-Name-Last: Wilkinson Author-Name: M. Williams Author-X-Name-First: M. Author-X-Name-Last: Williams Author-Name: A. Gouldwell Author-X-Name-First: A. Author-X-Name-Last: Gouldwell Author-Name: N. Christie Author-X-Name-First: N. Author-X-Name-Last: Christie Author-Name: M. Edgeworth Author-X-Name-First: M. Author-X-Name-Last: Edgeworth Title: Medieval land remediation of a quarry site at Wallingford, Oxfordshire, revealed by microfossil analysis Abstract: Backfill material from a 12th- to13th-century quarry, north of Wallingford, south Oxfordshire, comprises sandy loam overlain by Cretaceous (early Cenomanian; Mantelliceras mantelli Macrofaunal Biozone) Glauconitic Marl Member, of the West Melbury Marly Chalk Formation as identified by its abundant, biostratigraphically useful, foraminifera and ostracods. A local outcrop source of the Glauconitic Marl Member, less than 1 km north of the quarry pit, is the likely provenance of this material, and a contemporaneous road, which was discovered adjacent to the medieval quarry by magnetometer surveys and archaeological excavation, would have aided its transportation, into the town via the North Gate. We hypothesise that the use of a calcareous marl to overlay sandy loam deposits probably encouraged land restoration when the quarried area was returned to pastoral agriculture. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 124-130 Issue: 2 Volume: 19 Year: 2014 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000056 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000056 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:19:y:2014:i:2:p:124-130 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Soultana Maria Valamoti Author-X-Name-First: Soultana Maria Author-X-Name-Last: Valamoti Title: Towards a distinction between digested and undigested glume bases in the archaeobotanical record from Neolithic northern Greece: A preliminary experimental investigation Abstract: This study investigates the possibility of distinguishing digested from undigested glume wheat chaff in the archaeobotanical record. To this end the contents of dung pellets collected from a goat fed on einkorn spikelet forks and glume bases are analysed and the derived einkorn chaff examined macroscopically with the aid of scanning electron microscopy. The modern dung pellets contained recognisable glume bases which, compared with undigested ones, demonstrated a ‘rugged’ surface. When these dung pellets were charred, glume bases were still preserved in them. The experimental pellets show that dung can contribute glume bases in archaeobotanical assemblages and that these glume bases may be distinguishable from those derived from glume wheat dehusking by-products used as fuel. These results need to be further explored on archaeobotanical materials. Moreover, further experimentation with different charring regimes, as well as the examination of more experimental specimens is needed. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 31-42 Issue: 1 Volume: 18 Year: 2013 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000021 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000021 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:18:y:2013:i:1:p:31-42 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Veerle Linseele Author-X-Name-First: Veerle Author-X-Name-Last: Linseele Author-Name: Heiko Riemer Author-X-Name-First: Heiko Author-X-Name-Last: Riemer Author-Name: Jan Baeten Author-X-Name-First: Jan Author-X-Name-Last: Baeten Author-Name: Dirk De Vos Author-X-Name-First: Dirk Author-X-Name-Last: De Vos Author-Name: Elena Marinova Author-X-Name-First: Elena Author-X-Name-Last: Marinova Author-Name: Claudio Ottoni Author-X-Name-First: Claudio Author-X-Name-Last: Ottoni Title: Species identification of archaeological dung remains: A critical review of potential methods Abstract: Dung, macroscopically recognisable as such or not, can more commonly be found in archaeological contexts than is perhaps realised. Up to now, identification of dung to the species which produced it is usually either tenuous, or is not possible. However, species identification can be very informative and is necessary before any further studies can be conducted on the dung, for example on health and hygiene in the past and palaeoecology. This study presents a review of potential methods by which species identifications of archaeological dung can be undertaken. Criteria for identification can be divided into three broad categories: morphometric features of the dung; the content of dung and contextual evidence. Overall, the chances of a precise identification are high; however, a combination of different criteria and techniques will often be necessary to establish a secure identification. Moreover, preservation issues may exclude the application of some criteria while several criteria require more research and the expansion of reference collections of recent material. The overall aim is to move towards standardised methods for species identification of archaeological dung. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 5-17 Issue: 1 Volume: 18 Year: 2013 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000019 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000019 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:18:y:2013:i:1:p:5-17 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. A. Kuzmicheva Author-X-Name-First: E. A. Author-X-Name-Last: Kuzmicheva Author-Name: H Debella Author-X-Name-First: H Author-X-Name-Last: Debella Author-Name: B Khasanov Author-X-Name-First: B Author-X-Name-Last: Khasanov Author-Name: O Krylovich Author-X-Name-First: O Author-X-Name-Last: Krylovich Author-Name: A Babenko Author-X-Name-First: A Author-X-Name-Last: Babenko Author-Name: A Savinetsky Author-X-Name-First: A Author-X-Name-Last: Savinetsky Author-Name: E Severova Author-X-Name-First: E Author-X-Name-Last: Severova Author-Name: S Yirga Author-X-Name-First: S Author-X-Name-Last: Yirga Title: Holocene hyrax dung deposits in the afroalpine belt of the Bale Mountains (Ethiopia) and their palaeoclimatic implication Abstract: The results of pollen analysis and radiocarbon dating are presented for two hyrax dung deposits from rock shelters found in the Afroalpine zone of the Bale Mountains (South-Central Ethiopia). Deposits accumulated from about 15,000 to 1500 (cal) years BP and from 7000 (cal) years BP till nowadays, respectively. Pollen spectra of the initial stages of deposit development (up to 15,000 (cal) years BP) correlate with unfavourable conditions in the Late Glacial Maximum. The African Humid Period (AHP) (15,000–5000 (cal) years BP) is registered in this palaeoecological record as well as the Younger Dryas event (about 12,500 (cal) years BP). Upward shift of Afromontane forest belt and expansion of ericoid communities at high altitudes were characteristic of the Pleistocene/Holocene transition (about 10,000 (cal) years BP). The AHP which continues around 10,000 (cal) years BP after Younger Dryas, was interrupted by a dry episode around 8200 (cal) years BP. Principal aridisation trend during the last 5000 years was observed. Presumably the first traces of human activities in this area can be shown for up about 2500 (cal) years BP. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 72-81 Issue: 1 Volume: 18 Year: 2013 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000018 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000018 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:18:y:2013:i:1:p:72-81 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elena Marinova Author-X-Name-First: Elena Author-X-Name-Last: Marinova Author-Name: Philippa Ryan Author-X-Name-First: Philippa Author-X-Name-Last: Ryan Author-Name: Wim Van Neer Author-X-Name-First: Wim Author-X-Name-Last: Van Neer Author-Name: Renée Friedman Author-X-Name-First: Renée Author-X-Name-Last: Friedman Title: Animal dung from arid environments and archaeobotanical methodologies for its analysis: An example from animal burials of the Predynastic elite cemetery HK6 at Hierakonpolis, Egypt Abstract: Bioarchaeological studies of animal dung from arid environments provide valuable information on various aspects of life in ancient societies relating to land use and environmental change, and from the Neolithic onwards to the animal husbandry and the use of animals as markers of status and wealth. In this study we present the archaeobotanical analysis of animal gut contents from burials in the elite Predynastic cemetery HK6 at Hierakonpolis, Upper Egypt. The study involved analysis of plant macrofossils, phytoliths and pollen applied on samples from two elephants, a hartebeest, an aurochs and five domestic cattle. The study showed that most probably the elephants were given fodder containing emmer spikelets (dehusking by-products) before the animals death. Most of the other animals were also foddered with cereal chaff, but were mainly allowed to browse and graze in the settlement area and near the Nile. The diet of some contained only wild growing plants. The variety of plant remains identified in the stomach contents indicates that the food plants for the animals were obtained from three possible habitats near the site: the river banks, the low desert and the cultivated/anthropogenically modified areas. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 58-71 Issue: 1 Volume: 18 Year: 2013 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000020 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000020 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:18:y:2013:i:1:p:58-71 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael Wallace Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Wallace Author-Name: Michael Charles Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Charles Title: What goes in does not always come out: The impact of the ruminant digestive system of sheep on plant material, and its importance for the interpretation of dung-derived archaeobotanical assemblages Abstract: On archaeological sites where livestock dung was a major fuel source, plant material that survives digestion intact may well be preserved in the remnants of dung-fuelled fires. Preserved plant remains which were derived from dung relate to the diet of animals, and thus provide a way of investigating the agro-pastoral economies of the past. In order to improve our understanding of the taphonomic processes to which plant material is exposed to during digestion, we applied archaeobotanical methods to the analysis of dung from sheep fed a known diet of cereal and wild plant material. Two clear patterns emerge from these investigations. First, cereal material (grain or chaff) survives digestion poorly and was rarely found in the dung analysed. Second, large proportions of seeds of various wild species survive digestion in an identifiable form, probably due to their small size and/or protective coating. These findings are crucial for reliable interpretation of dung-derived plant material in archaeological settings. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 18-30 Issue: 1 Volume: 18 Year: 2013 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000022 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000022 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:18:y:2013:i:1:p:18-30 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elena Marinova Author-X-Name-First: Elena Author-X-Name-Last: Marinova Author-Name: Veerle Linseele Author-X-Name-First: Veerle Author-X-Name-Last: Linseele Author-Name: Marlu Kühn Author-X-Name-First: Marlu Author-X-Name-Last: Kühn Title: Bioarchaeological research on animal dung – possibilities and limitations Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 1-3 Issue: 1 Volume: 18 Year: 2013 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000023 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000023 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:18:y:2013:i:1:p:1-3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Book Reviews Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 82-85 Issue: 1 Volume: 18 Year: 2013 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000024 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000024 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:18:y:2013:i:1:p:82-85 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marlu Kühn Author-X-Name-First: Marlu Author-X-Name-Last: Kühn Author-Name: Ursula Maier Author-X-Name-First: Ursula Author-X-Name-Last: Maier Author-Name: Christoph Herbig Author-X-Name-First: Christoph Author-X-Name-Last: Herbig Author-Name: Kristin Ismail-Meyer Author-X-Name-First: Kristin Author-X-Name-Last: Ismail-Meyer Author-Name: Matthieu Le Bailly Author-X-Name-First: Matthieu Author-X-Name-Last: Le Bailly Author-Name: Lucia Wick Author-X-Name-First: Lucia Author-X-Name-Last: Wick Title: Methods for the examination of cattle, sheep and goat dung in prehistoric wetland settlements with examples of the sites Alleshausen-Täschenwiesen and Alleshausen-Grundwiesen (around cal 2900 BC) at Lake Federsee, south-west Germany Abstract: There has been evidence of dung in lakeside and moorland settlements since the beginning of wetland archaeology in the 19th century. While evidence has been found for the easily discernible faecal pellets of sheep and goats, recognition of cattle dung has proven to be considerably more difficult. In this study, we give an overview of evidence for dung remains in prehistoric wetland settlements in Germany, Switzerland and eastern France. Various methods for the analysis of uncharred dung remains are reviewed – analyses of plant macro- and microremains, micromorphology and palaeoparasitology – and are applied to two late Neolithic sites in Germany, Alleshausen-Täschenwiesen and Alleshausen-Grundwiesen. It will be shown that at Alleshausen-Täschenwiesen small ruminants were penned during the whole winter and fed on leaf hay unlike Alleshausen-Grundwiesen, where cattle browsed/grazed in the open during the day and were herded into the settlement during the night – both in summer and in winter. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 43-57 Issue: 1 Volume: 18 Year: 2013 Month: 2 X-DOI: 10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000017 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000017 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:18:y:2013:i:1:p:43-57 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Scott Timpany Author-X-Name-First: Scott Author-X-Name-Last: Timpany Author-Name: Lorna O'Donnell Author-X-Name-First: Lorna Author-X-Name-Last: O'Donnell Author-Name: Koen Deforce Author-X-Name-First: Koen Author-X-Name-Last: Deforce Title: The use of Scientific Techniques in the Study, Reconstruction of and Human Interaction with Woodlands: Introduction to the Special Issue Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 201-204 Issue: 3 Volume: 23 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1478376 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1478376 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:23:y:2018:i:3:p:201-204 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eileen Tisdall Author-X-Name-First: Eileen Author-X-Name-Last: Tisdall Author-Name: Rebecca Barclay Author-X-Name-First: Rebecca Author-X-Name-Last: Barclay Author-Name: Amy Nichol Author-X-Name-First: Amy Author-X-Name-Last: Nichol Author-Name: Robert McCulloch Author-X-Name-First: Robert Author-X-Name-Last: McCulloch Author-Name: Ian Simpson Author-X-Name-First: Ian Author-X-Name-Last: Simpson Author-Name: Huw Smith Author-X-Name-First: Huw Author-X-Name-Last: Smith Author-Name: Orri Vésteinsson Author-X-Name-First: Orri Author-X-Name-Last: Vésteinsson Title: Palaeoenvironmental evidence for woodland conservation in Northern Iceland from settlement to the twentieth century Abstract: Narratives of Norse arrival in Iceland highlight the onset of land degradation and loss of woodland cover as major and long-term environmental consequences of settlement. However, deliberate and sustained land resource management in Iceland is increasingly being recognised, and in this paper we assess whether woodland areas were deliberately managed as fuel resources. Our study location is the high status farm site at Hofstaðir in northern Iceland. A palynological record was obtained from a small basin located just inside the farm boundary wall and the geoarchaeological record of fuel use obtained from waste midden deposits associated with the farm. Both environmental records are temporally constrained by tephrochronology and archaeological records. When viewed within the broader landscape setting, our findings suggest that there was near continuous use of birch wood from early settlement to the present day, that it was actively conserved throughout the occupation of the site and that there were clear distinctions in fuel resource utilisation for domestic and more industrial purposes. Our analyses open discussion on the role of local woodlands and their management in the Norse farm economy. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 205-216 Issue: 3 Volume: 23 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1437105 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1437105 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:23:y:2018:i:3:p:205-216 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dawn Elise Mooney Author-X-Name-First: Dawn Elise Author-X-Name-Last: Mooney Title: Does the ‘Marine Signature’ of Driftwood Persist in the Archaeological Record? An Experimental Case Study from Iceland Abstract: The limited native tree flora of Iceland, combined with the decline in native woodlands following the settlement of the island in the late ninth century AD, led to a very limited availability of timber on the island. However, Icelanders continued to rely on wood for fuel, construction and artefact production. Driftwood, which arrives in great quantities on the shores of Iceland, became an extremely important resource, especially for construction. Driftwood has been identified in archaeological wood assemblages in Iceland through taxonomic categorisation of wood remains as deriving from native, drifted or imported wood. However, many of the species found as driftwood have wide geographical ranges, or are anatomically indistinguishable from taxa which may have been imported to Iceland. Furthermore, the use of modern studies of driftwood as comparisons is problematic due to the influence of changing forest composition, oceanic circulation and logging practices. Driftwood has a marine chemical signature due to its immersion in seawater. This paper uses electrical conductivity testing of ‘fresh’, drifted and archaeological wood to assess the extent to which this marine signature is likely to persist in the archaeological record, and whether this could be used to conclusively identify driftwood in archaeological assemblages. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 217-227 Issue: 3 Volume: 23 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1377404 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1377404 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:23:y:2018:i:3:p:217-227 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. J. Bunting Author-X-Name-First: M. J. Author-X-Name-Last: Bunting Author-Name: M. Farrell Author-X-Name-First: M. Author-X-Name-Last: Farrell Title: Seeing the Wood for the Trees: Recent Advances in the Reconstruction of Woodland in Archaeological Landscapes Using Pollen Data Abstract: This paper reviews recent advances in the reconstruction of woodland cover from palynological data. Pollen sequences record the vegetation cover of past landscapes, but translating a pollen diagram into a landscape reconstruction is not straightforward. This paper focuses on the use of pollen records to address three archaeologically relevant problems, the detection of woodland presence and extent in a largely open landscape, the reconstruction of the habitat context of a specific archaeological site, and the detection of woodland management. Research seeking to quantify past land-cover using models of pollen dispersal and deposition has led to the development of algorithms and computer software linking maps of the arrangement of land-cover with simulated pollen records at possible coring points. This software can be used to carry out thought experiments and test competing hypotheses, and also underpins the Multiple Scenario Approach to the reconstruction of past land-cover. Modern datasets of pollen surface samples and associated vegetation abundances are needed to calibrate these models, and can also provide insights into how the pollen record ‘sees’ landscapes, and therefore aid interpretation of past pollen records. We demonstrate how simulation approaches and surface sample studies are improving the scientific basis of reconstruction of past landscapes, and how these approaches offer new opportunities for communication and collaboration between archaeologists and environmental specialists. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 228-239 Issue: 3 Volume: 23 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1377405 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1377405 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:23:y:2018:i:3:p:228-239 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lorna O'Donnell Author-X-Name-First: Lorna Author-X-Name-Last: O'Donnell Title: Into the Woods: Revealing Ireland’s Iron Age Woodlands Through Archaeological Charcoal Analysis Abstract: The Iron Age in Ireland (700 BC-AD 400) has long been considered an enigmatic period, with a lack of archaeological evidence for everyday settlements. Given the recent explosion of archaeological excavations in Ireland due to the boom period of the Celtic Tiger years, it has now become possible to examine many aspects of daily life during this time. Woodlands were an integral resource during prehistory and one environmental method which has been under utilised in the study of Irish woodlands is archaeological charcoal analysis. In this study, charcoal is used to reconstruct past woodland environments from the Late Bronze and Iron Age in the south of Ireland. It potentially demonstrates a shift to wetter conditions during the Developed Iron Age. The first use model for fuel during the Iron Age is produced, indicating selection of species for certain activities such as smelting, construction and cremation, while trees were not specifically selected for domestic fires. Charcoal data indicates an increase in large tree cover, mainly oak, during the ‘Late Iron Age Lull’. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 240-253 Issue: 3 Volume: 23 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1417094 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1417094 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:23:y:2018:i:3:p:240-253 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Welmoed A. Out Author-X-Name-First: Welmoed A. Author-X-Name-Last: Out Author-Name: Kirsti Hänninen Author-X-Name-First: Kirsti Author-X-Name-Last: Hänninen Author-Name: Caroline Vermeeren Author-X-Name-First: Caroline Author-X-Name-Last: Vermeeren Title: Using Branch Age and Diameter to Identify Woodland Management: New Developments Abstract: Previous research involving models and age/diameter analysis of branches of modern trees has demonstrated the possibility of distinguishing between managed and unmanaged trees. These findings were then applied to waterlogged wood assemblages from archaeological contexts. The aim of this new study was to reinforce the validity of the models, also with respect to branches of greater diameter than those investigated previously, and to investigate the risk of confusing managed and unmanaged trees by investigating free-standing unmanaged trees, natural shoots of unmanaged trees, and managed trees subject to a long management cycle. The new results confirm that unmanaged trees can be distinguished from managed trees in the case of willow and ash, but show that correct distinction is more difficult in the case of alder. They further indicate that the models are valid for branches of up to at least 23 cm in diameter. The study of branches of free-standing unmanaged trees, natural shoots of unmanaged trees and managed trees with a long cycle demonstrated a substantial overlap in the age/diameter data between unmanaged and managed trees, leading to adjustment of the models. It is explained how branches of both unmanaged and managed trees can still be recognised in archaeological material. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 254-266 Issue: 3 Volume: 23 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1309805 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1309805 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:23:y:2018:i:3:p:254-266 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. Mighall Author-X-Name-First: T. Author-X-Name-Last: Mighall Author-Name: S. Timpany Author-X-Name-First: S. Author-X-Name-Last: Timpany Author-Name: J. Wheeler Author-X-Name-First: J. Author-X-Name-Last: Wheeler Author-Name: L. Bailey Author-X-Name-First: L. Author-X-Name-Last: Bailey Author-Name: M. Bamforth Author-X-Name-First: M. Author-X-Name-Last: Bamforth Author-Name: L. Gray Author-X-Name-First: L. Author-X-Name-Last: Gray Author-Name: M. Taylor Author-X-Name-First: M. Author-X-Name-Last: Taylor Title: Vegetation Changes and Woodland Management Associated with a Prehistoric to Medieval Burnt Mound Complex at Ballygawley, Northern Ireland Abstract: This paper examines the impact on woodlands associated with burnt mound use from floodplain sediments and peats, using a combination of pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs, micro- and macro-charcoal and worked wood for the first time. We present this data from a multi-period burnt mound complex, dating from the Late Neolithic to the Medieval period, at Ballygawley, Co. Tyrone, Northern Ireland, to reconstruct vegetation changes from the Neolithic onwards and establish the significance of these changes, in particular on woodlands whilst the burnt mounds were in use. The findings from the macroscopic charcoal suggests the most abundant trees were commonly, but not exclusively, exploited. Local woodland was seemingly unaffected by use of burnt mounds during the Neolithic and early Bronze Age based on pollen evidence. A sustained increase in microscopic charcoal coincides with a permanent decrease in alder-carr woodland during a period of near continuous burnt mound use between 1725 and 530 BC, and a second phase of high microscopic charcoal values, c. AD 880, corresponds to the end of the penultimate phase of burnt mound use. Evidence from the worked wood suggests that some form of woodland management was used for hazel from the Neolithic onwards. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 267-285 Issue: 3 Volume: 23 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1370856 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1370856 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:23:y:2018:i:3:p:267-285 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Suzi Richer Author-X-Name-First: Suzi Author-X-Name-Last: Richer Author-Name: Benjamin Gearey Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin Author-X-Name-Last: Gearey Title: From Rackham to REVEALS: Reflections on Palaeoecological Approaches to Woodland and Trees Abstract: In this paper we reflect on aspects of palaeoecological approaches to understanding past woodland environments. With increasing requirements for interdisciplinarity in research, and an increase in popular interest in the ‘natural environment’ such as ‘new nature writing’, we suggest that palaeoecology is potentially well situated to engage with other audiences and disciplines, and inform wider debates. However, in order to achieve this, we tentatively suggest that palaeoecology should be self-reflexive and examine how current methods, terminology and underlying theoretical perspectives inform (and inhibit) our practice. Using insights from Oliver Rackham’s influential woodland studies as focal points, we examine selected aspects of method and theory in palaeoecology and suggest an approach to developing a praxis of woodland palaeoecology. In practical terms, this (1) incorporates other information and alternative perspectives, and is willing to question its methods and ways of thinking, (2) takes account of past and present, differences in the perceptions of the environment, (3) looks to build enriched accounts without privileging one perspective/set of ‘data’ over another by ‘flattening out’ knowledge hierarchies, potentially making the discipline more flexible in its outlook and applicability. A short case study from Shrawley Woods, Worcestershire, UK, illustrates the approach and includes the first example of historical documents and oral history accounts being used in the construction of a pollen diagram. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 286-297 Issue: 3 Volume: 23 Year: 2018 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1283765 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1283765 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:23:y:2018:i:3:p:286-297 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reviewers Author-X-Name-First: Author-X-Name-Last: Title: Book Reviews Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 73-80 Issue: 1 Volume: 2 Year: 1998 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1997.2.1.73 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1997.2.1.73 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:2:y:1998:i:1:p:73-80 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Author-X-Name-First: Author-X-Name-Last: Title: Guidelines for authors Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 81-81 Issue: 1 Volume: 2 Year: 1998 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1997.2.1.81 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1997.2.1.81 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:2:y:1998:i:1:p:81-81 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Don Brothwell Author-X-Name-First: Don Author-X-Name-Last: Brothwell Title: Stress as an Aspect of Environmental Studies Abstract: 'Stress' is a term little used as yet in palaeoecological studies, but there is a need to understand this concept. Stress refers to mainly environmental challenges to organisms and may be mild or life threatening. Reactions to stress may be acute and structural, or slow subtle and more long term, beginning with behavioural or physiological responses but leading to immune problems, disease and possibly death. Stress situations may be complex and not easy to detect in archaeological material. However, as stress is linked to adaptive microevolution in all species, it is a concept to be always kept in mind in palaeoecological interpretation. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 7-13 Issue: 1 Volume: 2 Year: 1998 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1997.2.1.7 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1997.2.1.7 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:2:y:1998:i:1:p:7-13 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. P. O'Connor Author-X-Name-First: T. P. Author-X-Name-Last: O'Connor Title: Environmental Archaeology: a Matter of Definition Abstract: The aims and definitions of environmental archaeology are discussed, with particular attention to distinguishing the means of the discipline from its aims. Contributions to biogeography and other disciplines are reviewed. It is argued that environmental archaeology can be seen as an ecological subject, concerned with interaction and process. This paradigm integrates all forms of evidence, including soils and sediments, and overcomes the discipline's tendency to be reductionist. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 1-6 Issue: 1 Volume: 2 Year: 1998 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1997.2.1.1 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1997.2.1.1 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:2:y:1998:i:1:p:1-6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Craig Cessford Author-X-Name-First: Craig Author-X-Name-Last: Cessford Title: Pine Marten and Other Animal Species in the Poem Dinogad's Smock Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 71-72 Issue: 1 Volume: 2 Year: 1998 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1997.2.1.71 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1997.2.1.71 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:2:y:1998:i:1:p:71-72 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rebecca A. Nicholson Author-X-Name-First: Rebecca A. Author-X-Name-Last: Nicholson Title: Fishing in the Northern Isles: a Case Study Based on Fish Bone Assemblages from Two Multi-period Sites on Sanday, Orkney Abstract: At Tofts Ness and Pool, Sanday, Orkney, fish bones dating from the Neolithic through to the 11th century have been excavated, providing an opportunity to examine the development of fishing through prehistory and through the critical period of Viking colonisation, when it has been argued that commercial fishing began on Orkney. It appears that even in the Neolithic some fishing may have been conducted away from the shore, and that fish may have provided more than just basic nutrition. Around the time of Viking colonisation fishing became more specialised, but so far there is no evidence of commercial fishing on Sanday. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 15-28 Issue: 1 Volume: 2 Year: 1998 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1997.2.1.15 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1997.2.1.15 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:2:y:1998:i:1:p:15-28 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Harry Kenward Author-X-Name-First: Harry Author-X-Name-Last: Kenward Author-Name: Frances Large Author-X-Name-First: Frances Author-X-Name-Last: Large Title: Recording the Preservational Condition of Archaeological Insect Fossils Abstract: The state of preservation of archaeological fossils may provide information crucial to their interpretation and for making curatorial decisions concerning the buried heritage. An established scheme for recording the condition of archaeological insect remains preserved by anoxic waterlogging is examined and found inadequate, failing to represent the complexity of decay properties and pathways. A particular weakness was its focus on whole assemblages rather than the individual remains of which they were composed. A new scheme is proposed which takes account of the heterogeneity of preservation in single assemblages, and makes use of a wider set of properties including colour changes. Range, mode, mode strength and distribution of values are recorded for the major properties (i.e. erosion or chemical degradation, fragmentation or mechanical damage, and colour changes). A form and accompanying flow sheet designed to ensure systematic recording of these properties under the new scheme are presented, and its success to date considered. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 49-60 Issue: 1 Volume: 2 Year: 1998 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1997.2.1.49 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1997.2.1.49 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:2:y:1998:i:1:p:49-60 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carol Palmer Author-X-Name-First: Carol Author-X-Name-Last: Palmer Title: An Exploration of the Effects of Crop Rotation Regime on Modem Weed Floras Abstract: Fallow-cereal is the primary crop rotation regime used in the Mediterranean and Near East in the recent past. This may not always have been the case and legume-cereal rotation may have played an important role in certain periods. In the short-term, cultivated fallow is beneficial to soil moisture and fertility and, therefore, the subsequent cereal crop. In the long-term, however, this regime causes soil erosion and nutrient deterioration through the loss of soil organic matter. The use of legumes in a rotation regime adds soil organic matter but, in the short-term, can reduce cereal yield. Weed seeds in archaeobotanical assemblages provide the best method to identify the use of cultivated fallow and legume-cereal rotation in the past. This paper presents the results of a field-study in northern Jordan in which the effects of crop rotation regime on arable weeds are explored. The main factor affecting weed composition is location in the two main topographic zones of the study area, the hills and the plains. Crop rotation regime does have a detectable effect on weed composition, and fallow-cereal and legume-cereal rotation can be distinguished in the hills. It is difficult to distinguish the effects of location and crop rotation regime between the hills and plains because the choice of crop rotation regime is strongly correlated with location in each area. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 35-48 Issue: 1 Volume: 2 Year: 1998 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1997.2.1.35 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1997.2.1.35 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:2:y:1998:i:1:p:35-48 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Glynis Jones Author-X-Name-First: Glynis Author-X-Name-Last: Jones Title: Wheat Grain Identification – Why Bother? Abstract: This paper reviews the practicality and potential benefits of identifying wheat grains from archaeobotanical assemblages. Despite the difficulties involved in the taxonomic identification of individual grains, it is concluded that classifying grains into morphological types is important for the interpretation of grain assemblages. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 29-34 Issue: 1 Volume: 2 Year: 1998 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1997.2.1.29 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1997.2.1.29 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:2:y:1998:i:1:p:29-34 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elaine Corke Author-X-Name-First: Elaine Author-X-Name-Last: Corke Author-Name: Simon Davis Author-X-Name-First: Simon Author-X-Name-Last: Davis Author-Name: Sebastian Payne Author-X-Name-First: Sebastian Author-X-Name-Last: Payne Title: The Organisation of a Zoo-archaeological Reference Collection of Bird Bones Abstract: This note describes how we have organised part of our reference collection of bird bones in a series of drawers. The layout takes into consideration a) part of the skeleton (all humeri, for example, are housed together), b) size (smallest species are in the first drawer, larger in the second and so on), and c) taxonomic position (within each drawer specimens within orders, whose labels are colour-coded, are grouped together). Empty cells, reserved for species still missing from the collection, serve as reminders of possible alternative identifications for an archaeological specimen and therefore help to prevent the tendency of forcing identification to what is present in the reference collection. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 67-69 Issue: 1 Volume: 2 Year: 1998 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1997.2.1.67 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1997.2.1.67 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:2:y:1998:i:1:p:67-69 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael L. Ryder Author-X-Name-First: Michael L. Author-X-Name-Last: Ryder Title: Animal Hair in Medieval Ship Caulking Throws Light on Livestock Types Abstract: Diameter measurements of nearly 200 samples of hair caulking from medieval boat timbers excavated in London threw light on livestock type and husbandry practices. Cattle hair (440/0) with a primitive coat structure predominated in the earlier centuries, while those with a “modern” coat structure predominated later, and these were mostly black. The goat hair (38%) had only one type of coat and the overall mean fibre diameter of the underwool was 13.4 microns compared with 14.7 microns in surviving feral goats. About half the goat hair samples (again from the later centuries) were black and half grey, with only one white animal. There was evidence that death of the cattle and goats had occurred during autumn and/or winter. Sheeps' wool formed 18% of the samples and there were more hairy fleeces than found in medieval clothing. Most of the wool was grey; there were no black samples and only one white one. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 61-66 Issue: 1 Volume: 2 Year: 1998 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.1997.2.1.61 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.1997.2.1.61 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:2:y:1998:i:1:p:61-66 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wietske Prummel Author-X-Name-First: Wietske Author-X-Name-Last: Prummel Title: The Significance of Animals to the Early Medieval Frisians in the Northern Coastal Area of the Netherlands: Archaeozoological, Iconographic, Historical and Literary Evidence Abstract: A taxonomy of animals as used by the early medieval inhabitants of the northern coastal area of the Netherlands, the so-called terpen region, is formulated on the basis of archaeozoological data from settlement sites and cemeteries, iconographic evidence in the form of 'animal' brooches, and historical and literary evidence. The archaeological and historical evidence sheds light on the economic roles of animals, the former on their symbolic roles as well. Iconographic and literary evidence mainly provides information on imaginary animals figuring in narrative, mythology and heroic imagery. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 73-86 Issue: 1 Volume: 6 Year: 2001 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2001.6.1.73 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2001.6.1.73 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:6:y:2001:i:1:p:73-86 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tina Simpson Author-X-Name-First: Tina Author-X-Name-Last: Simpson Title: The Roman Well at Piddington, Northamptonshire, England: an Investigation of the Coleopterous Fauna Abstract: This report presents the entomological evidence obtained from 4th century fills of a Roman well at Piddington, Northamptonshire. Analysis of the Coleoptera remains was restricted to one sample from the lower fill. A large fauna suggested an open, dry environment with areas of vegetation and accumulations of occupation debris nearby. The deposit was formed through a variety of mechanisms including accidental incorporation, natural deposition and possibly the deliberate dumping of refuse. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 91-96 Issue: 1 Volume: 6 Year: 2001 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2001.6.1.91 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2001.6.1.91 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:6:y:2001:i:1:p:91-96 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sabine Hosch Author-X-Name-First: Sabine Author-X-Name-Last: Hosch Author-Name: Stefanie Jacomet Author-X-Name-First: Stefanie Author-X-Name-Last: Jacomet Title: New Aspects of Archaeobotanical Research in Central European Neolithic Lake Dwelling Sites Abstract: In the Neolithic lake shore site of Arbon-Bleiche 3 on the southern shore of Lake Constance (Bodensee) 27 houses were excavated, all built in the short time span between 3384 and 3370 B.C. (dendrochronological dating). During the excavation, a surface sampling for archaeobiological investigations was carried out. For this preliminary report we present the results of plant macrofossil analyses based on 17 samples, including some taken from parts of two houses and the spaces in between. The most important methodological results are that there were no differences between random and systematic sampling of the cultural layer. To obtain a statistically high enough number of remains in the bigger sieve fraction (≥2 mm), sample sizes should be much bigger than previously thought (>3litres). A Rarefaction Analysis (RA) showed that a minimum of eight samples per unit should be analysed to provide a representative spectrum of the most important useful plants. The economy of Arbon-Bleiche 3 was based on the growing of cereals (mainly tetraploid naked wheat, emmerand barley), flax and opium poppy, and many wild plants were collected as well. Comparing the spectra of cultivated plants with those from other sites, the results from Arbon bear a closer resemblance to spectra of the late Neolithic Horgen culture, from which the first traces are found starting from around 3400 B.C. onwards in eastern Switzerland. Inside the two investigated houses the concentrations of plant remains were lower than in the areas between the houses. In addition, there are relatively clear differences in the useful plant spectra between the two investigated houses. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 59-71 Issue: 1 Volume: 6 Year: 2001 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2001.6.1.59 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2001.6.1.59 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:6:y:2001:i:1:p:59-71 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Author-X-Name-First: Author-X-Name-Last: Title: Guidelines for authors Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 113-114 Issue: 1 Volume: 6 Year: 2001 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2001.6.1.113 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2001.6.1.113 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:6:y:2001:i:1:p:113-114 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joseph Schuldenrein Author-X-Name-First: Joseph Author-X-Name-Last: Schuldenrein Author-Name: Geoffrey A. Clark Author-X-Name-First: Geoffrey A. Author-X-Name-Last: Clark Title: Prehistoric Landscapes and Settlement Geography along the Wadi Hasa, West-Central Jordan. Part I: Geoarchaeology, Human Palaeoecology and Ethnographic Modelling Abstract: This essay is part of a continuing research program that investigates settlement patterns, palaeoenvironmental change, and archaeological variability in the earlier sites recorded by the Wadi Hasa Survey (WHS) in west-central Jordan (MacDonald 1988). In previous papers, we described both general and regional models for hunter-gatherer positioning strategies (Clark 1992), synthesised Levantine palaeoenvironmental information pertinent to the 100–10 kyr BP interval (Clark 1984, Schuldenrein and Clark 1994), and generated idealised site placement models based on relationships between site size and elevation in environments characterised by marked topographic relief (Coinman et al. 1988). Here we examine temporal distributions of cultural stratigraphic units within and across Hasa tributaries to determine whether or not correlations between site size and elevations indicate change over time in forager adaptations related to regional palaeoenvironmental fluctuations. Regional palaeoenvironmental models based on Mediterranean coastal data are themselves evaluated in terms of their applicability to inland Irano-Turanian steppe adaptations. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 23-38 Issue: 1 Volume: 6 Year: 2001 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2001.6.1.23 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2001.6.1.23 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:6:y:2001:i:1:p:23-38 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eileen M. Murphy Author-X-Name-First: Eileen M. Author-X-Name-Last: Murphy Title: Medieval and Post-Medieval Butchered Dogs from Carrickfergus, Co. Antrim, Northern Ireland Abstract: Large quantities of animal bones were recovered from Medieval and Post-Medieval contexts during recent archaeological excavations in the historic town of Carrickfergus in Co. Antrim. A notable proportion of the dog bones present in this corpus of material displayed clear evidence for butchery and/or skinning. This is an unusual occurrence since it is generally the case that only the occasional dog bone in an archaeological assemblage will display cutmarks. The location of the cutmarks on the bones and the possible motivational factors behind their occurrence will be discussed. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 13-22 Issue: 1 Volume: 6 Year: 2001 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2001.6.1.13 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2001.6.1.13 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:6:y:2001:i:1:p:13-22 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. N. Smith Author-X-Name-First: D. N. Author-X-Name-Last: Smith Author-Name: R. Roseff Author-X-Name-First: R. Author-X-Name-Last: Roseff Author-Name: S. Butler Author-X-Name-First: S. Author-X-Name-Last: Butler Title: The Sediments, Pollen, Plant Macro-Fossils and Insects from a Bronze Age Channel Fill at Yoxall Bridge, Staffordshire Abstract: The integrated palaeoenvironmental results from a shallow palaeochannel in one of the old courses of the Trent at Yoxall Bridge, Staffordshire, are presented. The sampled deposit consisted of an accumulation of worked and fallen timbers, dated to 1049 to 810 cal BC, in the base of the channel. Sedimentological, pollen, plant macrofossil and insect analyses were carried out. The sediment seems to have been deposited by flooding within an area of back-swamp in the abandoned channel. The local landscape appears to have still included substantial woodland. There is also evidence for limited pasture and arable land. Pollen from the upper parts of the sampled horizons suggests that woodland clearance and cultivation may have increased in the area at this time. Although it was not possible to directly date the onset of the valley wide alluviation at Yoxall Bridge, it is probably consistent with the suggested date of around the first half of the first Millennium BC for this part of the Trent valley. One beetle present, Panagaeus cruxmajor (L.), is today very rare, its decline perhaps a result of habitat loss. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 1-12 Issue: 1 Volume: 6 Year: 2001 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2001.6.1.1 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2001.6.1.1 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:6:y:2001:i:1:p:1-12 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Policarp Hortolà Author-X-Name-First: Policarp Author-X-Name-Last: Hortolà Title: Experimental SEM Determination of Game Mammalian Bloodstains on Stone Tools Abstract: The presence of morphologically complete mammalian erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBC) from bloodstains has been previously evidenced in prehistoric implements. While the presence of ancient non-human blood on a prehistoric tool is evidence of the real use of this on an animal resource, the presence of RBC in a smear is evidence of blood. In a simulation of a prehistoric predation human operative chain, mammalian bloodstains on palaeolithic-like chert implements were obtained from two specimens belonging to the order Artiodactyla: collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu, family Tayassuidae) and Dorcas gazelle (Gazella dorcas, family Bovidae). After one year, the unburied peccary blood smear and the buried gazelle smear were coated with gold and then examined by a scanning electron microscope. Results revealed the presence of preserved RBC with several shapes like those found in haematological studies, as well as curved plasma fractures and negative imprints, two bloodstain-characteristic morphologies which are interpreted as due, respectively, to erythrocyte-plasma interaction when drying and to imprinting by dried plasma matrix. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 97-102 Issue: 1 Volume: 6 Year: 2001 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2001.6.1.97 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2001.6.1.97 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:6:y:2001:i:1:p:97-102 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roel C. G. M. Lauwerier Author-X-Name-First: Roel C. G. M. Author-X-Name-Last: Lauwerier Author-Name: Jørn T. Zeiler Author-X-Name-First: Jørn T. Author-X-Name-Last: Zeiler Title: Wishful Thinking and the Introduction of the Rabbit to the Low Countries Abstract: Bones from eleventh and twelfth century layers of Valkenburg castle in the Netherlands show a context of nobility with, among other things, a small but clear component of game and the indication of falconry. The remains of rabbits found at this site appeared to be a logical link in the distribution history of this species. This paper corrects the dating of these bones. The introduction of the rabbit to the Low Countries is discussed on the basis of historical and archaeological information. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 87-90 Issue: 1 Volume: 6 Year: 2001 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2001.6.1.87 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2001.6.1.87 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:6:y:2001:i:1:p:87-90 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lisbeth Prøsch-Danielsen Author-X-Name-First: Lisbeth Author-X-Name-Last: Prøsch-Danielsen Title: The Environmental Aspects and Palynological Signals of the “Fairy-Circles” – Ancient Earthworks linked to Coastal Heathland in South-Western Norway Abstract: The fairy-circles, a group of mysterious earthworks, are restricted to the coastal heathland of Jæren, south-western Norway. They are the result of a specialised farming practice adapted to local environmental conditions and are often situated on convex landforms of Quaternary deposits. These earthworks comprise an enclosure defined by a bank and an oval or rectangular ditch in loose deposits. They have been recorded, archaeologically investigated and debated since the 1820s. Problems concerning their form, function and period of use have until now been unsolved.Factors such as climate, Quaternary deposits, vegetation cover and land-use were recorded to put the fairy-circles into an environmental context. Principal components analysis (PCA) was performed on fossil pollen data from structures within 16 of these man-made constructions and compared to modern and fossil analogues. This study reveals a change in the pollen taxa throughout the period of use of these historic relics suggesting that the wet heaths and mires found on the slopes and concave landforms were used for haymaking, and that the fairy-circles served as bases for haystacks. The onset of this activity may be dated back to the Late Iron Age while the upper age limit is tentatively put at AD 1835. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 39-57 Issue: 1 Volume: 6 Year: 2001 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2001.6.1.39 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2001.6.1.39 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:6:y:2001:i:1:p:39-57 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reviewers Author-X-Name-First: Author-X-Name-Last: Title: Book Reviews Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 103-111 Issue: 1 Volume: 6 Year: 2001 Month: 6 X-DOI: 10.1179/env.2001.6.1.103 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/env.2001.6.1.103 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:6:y:2001:i:1:p:103-111 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Clare Rainsford Author-X-Name-First: Clare Author-X-Name-Last: Rainsford Author-Name: Terry O'Connor Author-X-Name-First: Terry Author-X-Name-Last: O'Connor Author-Name: Preston Miracle Author-X-Name-First: Preston Author-X-Name-Last: Miracle Title: Fishing in the Adriatic at the Mesolithic–Neolithic transition: Evidence from Vela Spila, Croatia Abstract: Recent excavations at the site of Vela Spila, Korčula, on the Adriatic coast of Croatia have yielded a substantial assemblage of fish bone dating to the Mesolithic and Neolithic period. Few similar assemblages have been recovered to date, and zooarchaeological analysis of the material from Vela Spila provides an insight into the choices and practices associated with fishing across the crucial Mesolithic–Neolithic transition, and across a period of coastal change due to rising sea levels, in this area. Specialised capture and processing of mackerel (Scomber japonicus) in the Mesolithic period was indicated, with estimates indicating nearly half a tonne of mackerel processed at the site. A decrease in quantity of fish bone recovered from the Mesolithic to Neolithic phases is matched by a change in fishing strategy to opportunistic coastal fishing in the Neolithic periods. Fishing is discussed in relation to the broader lived context of the Mesolithic and Neolithic in the Adriatic, particularly its place within dietary practices and maritime activity. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 311-320 Issue: 3 Volume: 19 Year: 2014 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000018 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000018 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:19:y:2014:i:3:p:311-320 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joan Bernabeu Author-X-Name-First: Joan Author-X-Name-Last: Bernabeu Author-Name: Oreto García Puchol Author-X-Name-First: Oreto Author-X-Name-Last: García Puchol Author-Name: Salvador Pardo Author-X-Name-First: Salvador Author-X-Name-Last: Pardo Author-Name: Michael Barton Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Barton Author-Name: Sarah B. McClure Author-X-Name-First: Sarah B. Author-X-Name-Last: McClure Title: AEA 2012 Conference Reading: Socioecological dynamics at the time of Neolithic transition in Iberia Abstract: The Western Mediterranean, spanning southern Italy to Portugal, can be considered a single archaeological unit where the diagnostic characteristics of Early Neolithic contexts share common elements, marked by the spread of Cardium-Impressed ceramics. Although some consensus exists regarding the origin of these wares in southern Italy, the debate surrounding its process of expansion to the west remains open. Iberia is a key region for the analysis of the neolithisation process due to its location at the end of the Neolithic Mediterranean expansion. This view includes the problems linked with the mechanism of this spread and the evolutionary dynamics of the early agricultural societies. Our goals are to evaluate the rich archaeological and palaeoenvironmental database produced by recent decades of research in this area in order to address issues related to the Neolithic Transition. We especially deal with the role played by climatic events in the observed dynamics of the last Mesolithic and the Early Neolithic (ca. 8500–6900 cal BP). Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 214-225 Issue: 3 Volume: 19 Year: 2014 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000032 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000032 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:19:y:2014:i:3:p:214-225 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Robin Bendrey Author-X-Name-First: Robin Author-X-Name-Last: Bendrey Author-Name: Amy Richardson Author-X-Name-First: Amy Author-X-Name-Last: Richardson Author-Name: Sarah Elliott Author-X-Name-First: Sarah Author-X-Name-Last: Elliott Author-Name: Jade Whitlam Author-X-Name-First: Jade Author-X-Name-Last: Whitlam Title: Environmental archaeologies of Neolithisation: Europe Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 181-183 Issue: 3 Volume: 19 Year: 2014 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000038 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000038 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:19:y:2014:i:3:p:181-183 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Emily Zavodny Author-X-Name-First: Emily Author-X-Name-Last: Zavodny Author-Name: Sarah B. McClure Author-X-Name-First: Sarah B. Author-X-Name-Last: McClure Author-Name: Brendan J. Culleton Author-X-Name-First: Brendan J. Author-X-Name-Last: Culleton Author-Name: Emil Podrug Author-X-Name-First: Emil Author-X-Name-Last: Podrug Author-Name: Douglas J. Kennett Author-X-Name-First: Douglas J. Author-X-Name-Last: Kennett Title: Neolithic animal management practices and stable isotope studies in the Adriatic Abstract: We examine bone samples of known domesticates (sheep, goat, cattle and pig) from five open-air village sites spanning most of the Neolithic period in Dalmatia, Croatia (cal 6000–4700 BC) to characterise diets of domestic animals and address questions of the origin and development of animal husbandry strategies in early farming communities. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values are analysed as proxies of diet and local environment that may indicate differences in herding and management practices between domesticated species. Results are compared to those reported for faunal remains found at other Neolithic sites from coastal Croatia and the wider Adriatic region. We find that isotopic values remain stable for cattle and ovicaprids during most of the Neolithic, suggesting that husbandry of these species remained fundamentally the same throughout the period in much of the Adriatic. However, temporal differences identified among pigs indicate changes in associated management practices through time, and may be a result of different foddering practices. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 184-195 Issue: 3 Volume: 19 Year: 2014 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000021 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000021 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:19:y:2014:i:3:p:184-195 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nicholas P. Branch Author-X-Name-First: Nicholas P. Author-X-Name-Last: Branch Author-Name: Stuart Black Author-X-Name-First: Stuart Author-X-Name-Last: Black Author-Name: Roberto Maggi Author-X-Name-First: Roberto Author-X-Name-Last: Maggi Author-Name: Nathalie A. F. Marini Author-X-Name-First: Nathalie A. F. Author-X-Name-Last: Marini Title: The Neolithisation of Liguria (NW Italy): An environmental archaeological and palaeoenvironmental perspective Abstract: The archaeological evidence compiled for Liguria has enabled the formulation of a comprehensive model of Neolithic social, technological and economic development (∼7800–5700 cal yrs BP). The model indicates that during the Early and Middle Neolithic (∼7800–6300 cal yrs BP; ‘Impressed Ware’ and ‘Square Mouthed’ pottery cultures) human activity mainly focussed on low (coastal) and mid-altitude areas. By the Late Neolithic (∼6300–5700 cal yrs BP; ‘Chassey’ culture) farming practices were taking place over a wider range of altitudes and involved transhumant pastoralism. Complementary environmental archaeological and palaeoecological records from caves, open-air sites, lakes and mires indicate that human activities had a more significant impact on the environment than previously thought. This included clearance, especially Abies, Ulmus, Fraxinus and Tilia, and woodland utilisation and management (e.g. leaf foddering), as well as cereal cultivation and animal husbandry. The influence of Middle Holocene climatic changes, especially from ∼7800 cal yrs BP, on the direction of vegetation changes and socio-economic developments during the Neolithic remain uncertain. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 196-213 Issue: 3 Volume: 19 Year: 2014 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000024 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000024 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:19:y:2014:i:3:p:196-213 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mark Robinson Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Robinson Title: The ecodynamics of clearance in the British Neolithic Abstract: The conventional view of Neolithic agriculture in the British Isles is that areas of woodland were cleared for cultivation and the grazing of domestic animals. Clearance was not always progressive, the fate of many clearances was abandonment after a couple of hundred years with fresh clearances being made elsewhere. The picture is further complicated because the middle Neolithic saw much more general woodland regeneration and presumably agricultural decline. However, it is argued that part of what is seen in the episodic nature of Neolithic agriculture is the utilisation of ‘Vera cycles’ as a means of gaining new open areas for agriculture. These cycles also encouraged the abandonment of old areas of grazing. has shown that in modern temperate deciduous woodland in the lowlands of Europe, heavy grazing-pressure prevents succession from leading to the establishment of a stable climax community of woodland. Instead it causes cycles of the invasion of grassland by thorn scrub, the succession of the scrub to shady woodland of trees such as oak and the eventual disintegration of that woodland to return to grassland. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 291-297 Issue: 3 Volume: 19 Year: 2014 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000028 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000028 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:19:y:2014:i:3:p:291-297 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jordi Revelles Author-X-Name-First: Jordi Author-X-Name-Last: Revelles Author-Name: Ferran Antolín Author-X-Name-First: Ferran Author-X-Name-Last: Antolín Author-Name: Marian Berihuete Author-X-Name-First: Marian Author-X-Name-Last: Berihuete Author-Name: Francesc Burjachs Author-X-Name-First: Francesc Author-X-Name-Last: Burjachs Author-Name: Ramon Buxó Author-X-Name-First: Ramon Author-X-Name-Last: Buxó Author-Name: Laura Caruso Author-X-Name-First: Laura Author-X-Name-Last: Caruso Author-Name: Oriol López Author-X-Name-First: Oriol Author-X-Name-Last: López Author-Name: Antoni Palomo Author-X-Name-First: Antoni Author-X-Name-Last: Palomo Author-Name: Raquel Piqué Author-X-Name-First: Raquel Author-X-Name-Last: Piqué Author-Name: Xavier Terradas Author-X-Name-First: Xavier Author-X-Name-Last: Terradas Title: Landscape transformation and economic practices among the first farming societies in Lake Banyoles (Girona, Spain) Abstract: This paper focuses on the high-resolution pollen analysis of one new pollen record from Lake Banyoles (Girona, Spain) and its contextualisation with other archaeobotanical records (charcoal, seed and wood remains) from the early Neolithic lakeshore settlement of La Draga. Around ca.7250 cal BP, coinciding with the first settlement phase of La Draga, a rapid fall of the pollen values of deciduous Quercus sp. is observed, and a stabilisation of these values is found until ca. 6000 cal BP. The causes for such changes in vegetation cover are discussed, taking into consideration environmental data to calibrate the role of climate in vegetation dynamics, as well as archaeobotanical data to evaluate impact of the management of vegetal resources on the landscape. The discussion of the data shows that climate could not have been the main cause for the decrease of broadleaf deciduous forests, and that the need of gathering raw material for the construction of dwellings played a major role in this change. The fact that these plant community does not recover during the occupation or after the abandonment of La Draga would confirm that human impact continued over time and that forest clearances were maintained for various purposes. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 298-310 Issue: 3 Volume: 19 Year: 2014 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000033 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000033 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:19:y:2014:i:3:p:298-310 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maria João Valente Author-X-Name-First: Maria João Author-X-Name-Last: Valente Author-Name: António Faustino Carvalho Author-X-Name-First: António Faustino Author-X-Name-Last: Carvalho Title: Zooarchaeology in the Neolithic and Chalcolithic of Southern Portugal Abstract: Our knowledge of South Portugal's Neolithic and Chalcolithic subsistence strategies is limited by scarce palaeobotanical evidence (restricted to the latter period) and irregular zooarchaeological data. This framework is also affected by post-depositional biases, unevenly represented sites throughout the territory (i.e. under/over representation of sites according to their functions) and published data with disparate objectives and analytic methodologies. Therefore, it comes as no surprise that a priori theoretical assumption dominates over empirically supported arguments on crucial aspects of the Neo–Chalcolithic time period, such as (1) the relative importance of domestic versus wild species at the Neolithic onset (cal ≈5500 BC), (2) the supposed predominance of caprines herding and cervid hunting among the economic practices of the megalith builders (cal ≈4000–3000 BC) or (3) the real impact of the ‘Secondary Products Revolution’ and its chronology (cal ≈3000 BC onwards?). Using existing publications and unpublished reports, we critically organise the available zooarchaeological data according to geographical and ecological sub-regions, in order to discuss it under uniform analytic procedures, evaluate current models and point out directions for future research. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 226-240 Issue: 3 Volume: 19 Year: 2014 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000022 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000022 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:19:y:2014:i:3:p:226-240 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dale Serjeantson Author-X-Name-First: Dale Author-X-Name-Last: Serjeantson Title: Survey of animal remains from southern Britain finds no evidence for continuity from the Mesolithic period Abstract: A recent review of bone remains from more than 90 assemblages from southern Britain confirms that the animals show no evidence for continuity from the Mesolithic period. Fish and birds are almost absent and few remains – less than 5% – are from wild animals. One site only, the Coneybury Anomaly, has a mix of wild and domestic animals as well as birds and fish, but it is unique. Nearly all assemblages, even those with a few bones only, include sheep, an animal unsuited to the environment of Britain at the time. The animal remains support the argument that all aspects of the Neolithic way of life were introduced together by incomers rather than adopted by a local population. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 256-262 Issue: 3 Volume: 19 Year: 2014 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000020 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000020 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:19:y:2014:i:3:p:256-262 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: C. Robert Batchelor Author-X-Name-First: C. Robert Author-X-Name-Last: Batchelor Author-Name: Nicholas P. Branch Author-X-Name-First: Nicholas P. Author-X-Name-Last: Branch Author-Name: Enid A. Allison Author-X-Name-First: Enid A. Author-X-Name-Last: Allison Author-Name: Philip A. Austin Author-X-Name-First: Philip A. Author-X-Name-Last: Austin Author-Name: Barry Bishop Author-X-Name-First: Barry Author-X-Name-Last: Bishop Author-Name: Alex D. Brown Author-X-Name-First: Alex Author-X-Name-Last: D. Brown Author-Name: Scott A. Elias Author-X-Name-First: Scott A. Author-X-Name-Last: Elias Author-Name: Christopher P. Green Author-X-Name-First: Christopher P. Author-X-Name-Last: Green Author-Name: Daniel S. Young Author-X-Name-First: Daniel S. Author-X-Name-Last: Young Title: The timing and causes of the Neolithic elm decline: New evidence from the Lower Thames Valley (London, UK) Abstract: Two new multi-proxy records of environmental change are provided from Horton Kirby Paper Mill and Old Seager Distillery in the Lower Thames Valley. Each site has evidence for a decline in elm woodland, which at Horton Kirby Paper Mill is recorded earlier than any other published record from the British Isles: sometime between 7320 and 7240 cal BP. Scolytus scolytus/S. multistriatus (the vectors for Dutch elm disease) are recorded after the decline in both sequences, adding to the number of sites with such evidence in the British Isles. Evidence of paludification and human activity are also recorded at the time of the elm decline reinforcing the multi-causal hypothesis. Integration of these results with 21 palaeoenvironmental records has produced a large number of well-dated, multiproxy records of the elm decline in this part of the UK. On the basis of this dataset, a classification system for categorising the relationships between the causal factors of the elm decline is proposed and recommended for future studies. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 263-290 Issue: 3 Volume: 19 Year: 2014 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000031 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000031 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:19:y:2014:i:3:p:263-290 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ferran Antolín Author-X-Name-First: Ferran Author-X-Name-Last: Antolín Author-Name: Ramon Buxó Author-X-Name-First: Ramon Author-X-Name-Last: Buxó Author-Name: Stefanie Jacomet Author-X-Name-First: Stefanie Author-X-Name-Last: Jacomet Author-Name: Vanessa Navarrete Author-X-Name-First: Vanessa Author-X-Name-Last: Navarrete Author-Name: Maria Saña Author-X-Name-First: Maria Author-X-Name-Last: Saña Title: An integrated perspective on farming in the early Neolithic lakeshore site of La Draga (Banyoles, Spain) Abstract: A combined analysis of the faunal and charred plant macroremains from the early Neolithic lakeshore site of La Draga (Banyoles, Spain) is presented. The aim was to characterise the farming strategies practiced by the first Neolithic communities in the north-east of the Iberian Peninsula in terms of their degree of intensity. The joint discussion of the data allowed the observation that permanent plots could have been kept, that a high harvest would have been practiced and that a low-scale processing of the crop could have taken place within the domestic space, where the grain would be stored. This type of crop husbandry would permit the livestock to access the fields and graze the stubble, which would result in the manuring of the plots. Herds were kept close to the dwellings and different management and consumption practices were observed between the larger and the smaller animals. Smaller animals were probably produced and consumed at a household scale while larger animals would require a cooperative management and consumption. It is concluded that the available evidence points towards an intensive mixed farming model. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 241-255 Issue: 3 Volume: 19 Year: 2014 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000027 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000027 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:19:y:2014:i:3:p:241-255 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Arlene Fradkin Author-X-Name-First: Arlene Author-X-Name-Last: Fradkin Author-Name: Lembi Lougas Author-X-Name-First: Lembi Author-X-Name-Last: Lougas Title: A fish story or history? Evidence from the past: Part 2 Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 307-308 Issue: 4 Volume: 21 Year: 2016 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2016.1217650 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2016.1217650 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:21:y:2016:i:4:p:307-308 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kenneth Ritchie Author-X-Name-First: Kenneth Author-X-Name-Last: Ritchie Author-Name: Anne Karin Hufthammer Author-X-Name-First: Anne Karin Author-X-Name-Last: Hufthammer Author-Name: Knut Andreas Bergsvik Author-X-Name-First: Knut Andreas Author-X-Name-Last: Bergsvik Title: Fjord fishing in Mesolithic Western Norway Abstract: Recent excavations at two rockshelters (Olsteinhelleren and Sævarhelleren) on the Hardanger fjord in Western Norway have provided an unparalleled opportunity to examine the Mesolithic subsistence economy of this region. Thousands of fish remains (as well as numerous mammal and bird bones) have been analysed from these assemblages. Results show that the fishery was dominated by gadids, but labrids and salmonids were also important. Many other fish were present in small quantities, including the first specimen of sturgeon from the Stone Age of Norway. The transition to a more specialised fishery at the younger site, Olsteinhelleren, may be a reflection of a switch to the use of this locality as a logistic camp for the targeting of gadid fish. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 309-316 Issue: 4 Volume: 21 Year: 2016 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2015.1118212 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2015.1118212 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:21:y:2016:i:4:p:309-316 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mirosława Zabilska-Kunek Author-X-Name-First: Mirosława Author-X-Name-Last: Zabilska-Kunek Author-Name: Daniel Makowiecki Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Author-X-Name-Last: Makowiecki Author-Name: Jacek Kabaciński Author-X-Name-First: Jacek Author-X-Name-Last: Kabaciński Title: Mesolithic fishery in the Polish Lowland. Fish remains from the Site 7 at Krzyż Wielkopolski, Poland Abstract: Fish remains have been discovered at seven Mesolithic sites located mainly in central and northern Poland, an area that is known as the Lakeland of the Polish Lowland. Based mainly on the results of the identification of fish remains uncovered during the excavations at the Site 7 in Krzyż Wielkopolski (Western Poland), the conclusions were made on the locality and technique of fishery. The fish taxa represented show that the fishing showed that the fishing economy during the Mesolithic period was focused on nearby freshwater rivers and lakes. At that time, people fished primarily for Cyprinids, pike and perch. According to the archaeological finds, the basic fishing tools used by the Mesolithic communities were spears, harpoons and rods with hooks. The small fishes recovered were most probably caught by fishing traps or nets, but such artifact finds are very rare in the Polish Lowland. This paper summarises the current data on Mesolithic fishery in the Polish Lowland based mainly on the data from the Site 7 at Krzyż Wielkopolski, but also includes archaeological data collected from previous studies in the region. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 317-324 Issue: 4 Volume: 21 Year: 2016 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631415Y.0000000015 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631415Y.0000000015 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:21:y:2016:i:4:p:317-324 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ulrich Schmölcke Author-X-Name-First: Ulrich Author-X-Name-Last: Schmölcke Author-Name: John Meadows Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Meadows Author-Name: Kenneth Ritchie Author-X-Name-First: Kenneth Author-X-Name-Last: Ritchie Author-Name: Valdis Bērziņš Author-X-Name-First: Valdis Author-X-Name-Last: Bērziņš Author-Name: Harald Lübke Author-X-Name-First: Harald Author-X-Name-Last: Lübke Author-Name: Ilga Zagorska Author-X-Name-First: Ilga Author-X-Name-Last: Zagorska Title: Neolithic fish remains from the freshwater shell midden Riņņukalns in northern Latvia Abstract: The Neolithic site Riņņukalns in the Lake Burtnieks/River Salaca area in northern Latvia is the only freshwater shell midden in the eastern Baltic Sea area. An excavation carried out in 2011 revealed an intact stratigraphy with alternating layers of unburnt and burnt mussel shells and yielded various kinds of archaeological finds, among them several thousand fish remains. To gain an understanding of the fish species and specimens caught by the Neolithic settlers, and to discern any temporal development in the fish species composition, we analysed fish remains from different sections and layers. Results from both the archaeozoological and stable isotope data, give evidence for a change in the relevance of fish species during the period of use, and they also provide information for reconstructing the former river and lake hydrology in the vicinity of the midden. The Stone Age landscape seems to have been very similar to the present situation, so that the study area has been an extraordinarily stable ecosystem for more than 5000 years. Comparisons with the results of recent monitoring programmes, long-term changes since Medieval times, and written sources from the 18th century, show that the fish species community is almost unchanged since the Stone Age. This underlines the importance of the region in nature conservation. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 325-333 Issue: 4 Volume: 21 Year: 2016 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631415Y.0000000011 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631415Y.0000000011 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:21:y:2016:i:4:p:325-333 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valentin Radu Author-X-Name-First: Valentin Author-X-Name-Last: Radu Author-Name: Dragomir Nicolae Popovici Author-X-Name-First: Dragomir Nicolae Author-X-Name-Last: Popovici Author-Name: Cătălina Cernea Author-X-Name-First: Cătălina Author-X-Name-Last: Cernea Author-Name: Ioan Cernău Author-X-Name-First: Ioan Author-X-Name-Last: Cernău Author-Name: Adrian Bălăşescu Author-X-Name-First: Adrian Author-X-Name-Last: Bălăşescu Title: Harvesting molluscs in the Eneolithic: a study of freshwater bivalve accumulations from the tell settlements of Borduşani-Popină and Hârşova (Romania, 5th millennium BC) Abstract: Freshwater bivalve shells are frequently identified in faunal assemblages from Neo-Eneolithic tell settlements along the Danube River valley in South-East Romania (5th millennium BC). Up until now, significant accumulations of freshwater bivalve shells have been identified only in household refuse areas of the settlements, where they form consistent shell layers. The origin and formation of such shell accumulations and, more generally, the role of bivalves in the animal economy of the prehistoric populations that inhabited the settlements, are poorly understood. Two freshwater bivalve shell accumulations were studied in household refuse areas of Eneolithic tell settlements, one at Borduşani-Popină and the other at Hârşova tell. The occurrence of similar accumulations in the two settlements indicates generalized practices between the two communities. This first study of such accumulations addresses the relationship between bivalves and other animal species used in alimentation by the two Eneolithic communities, as well as the relationships between these communities, their environment, and the evolution of the settlements. Bivalves were harvested in the close vicinity of the settlements and large quantities were obtained only towards the end of the summer season. During this season there is an inverse relationship between high water levels in the river and the availability of bivalves for harvesting. Bivalves played an important role in the alimentation of the prehistoric populations – at Hârşova tell their contribution to alimentation in terms of energetic yield surpasses that of fish, at least for the short period of time represented by the stratigraphic sequence analysed. Bivalve shells were used, along with other types of household refuse, in construction techniques aimed at limiting soil humidity in the settlements and inside the dwellings. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 334-350 Issue: 4 Volume: 21 Year: 2016 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2015.1115615 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2015.1115615 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:21:y:2016:i:4:p:334-350 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Monica Ma˘rga˘rit Author-X-Name-First: Monica Author-X-Name-Last: Ma˘rga˘rit Author-Name: Valentin Radu Author-X-Name-First: Valentin Author-X-Name-Last: Radu Author-Name: Dragomir Nicolae Popovici Author-X-Name-First: Dragomir Nicolae Author-X-Name-Last: Popovici Title: From operculum to bead: Production of pearls from opercular bones of Cyprinus carpio in the Romanian Eneolithic Abstract: Significant amounts of opercular bones from Cyprinus carpio, used to manufacture circular pearls for adornments, were found from the Romanian Eneolithic, associated with the Gumelnita culture. The origins of this raw material are local: the carp was an important food resource for the communities located close to the River Danube. An experimental program was undertaken to obtain replicas of pearls of C. carpio, to compare with the archaeological pieces, in order to identify an a chain of manufacture resulting in the finished pieces. The study of the adornments represents an inexhaustible source of reflection because, through them we can identify aspects of the human groups' symbolical behaviour, and socio-economical aspects of these communities' evolution. In this case they suggest that the aquatic world, with its resources, had an important position in the spiritual life of these communities. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 351-360 Issue: 4 Volume: 21 Year: 2016 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000019 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631414Y.0000000019 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:21:y:2016:i:4:p:351-360 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lembi Lõugas Author-X-Name-First: Lembi Author-X-Name-Last: Lõugas Author-Name: Villu Kadakas Author-X-Name-First: Villu Author-X-Name-Last: Kadakas Author-Name: Ulla Kadakas Author-X-Name-First: Ulla Author-X-Name-Last: Kadakas Title: Fishery in prehistoric and medieval Tallinn, Estonia Abstract: During archaeological excavations in central Tallinn, Estonia, many fish bones were collected among other archaeological finds. As these were salvage excavations conducted under limited time and cost restraints, only a very small part of the removed soil could be examined for fish bones. In such hasty conditions, the only option was to take soil samples from selected areas and carry out water sieving in the laboratory. This procedure resulted in the recovery of a variety of fish remains. Also, a previous conclusion that only large fish were captured is re-evaluated. This paper focuses on two recently excavated medieval sites in Tallinn: Tartu Road 1 and Vabaduse Square. In Vabaduse Square, a Late Neolithic settlement was also discovered under the medieval layers. The analysis of the three different assemblages of fish bones from the two sites, which were collected by somewhat different methods, contributes to our knowledge on fishing and fish consumption in Tallinn's past. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 361-368 Issue: 4 Volume: 21 Year: 2016 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2015.1118180 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2015.1118180 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:21:y:2016:i:4:p:361-368 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kristiina Mannermaa Author-X-Name-First: Kristiina Author-X-Name-Last: Mannermaa Title: Fish bones from the Old Town of Helsinki (Finland) sixteenth–seventeenth century Abstract: Historical sources, such as tax rolls and accounts, can provide information about mediaeval fishing and fish trade, but this subject can also be investigated through archaeological methods. Archaeological research on the mediaeval and early historical fishing in Finland has not been undertaken in any detail. Research from neighbouring areas, mainly Sweden and Estonia, has provided information about mediaeval fishing in northern Europe. This paper presents the results of a osteological examination of a sample of archaeological fish bones excavated in the Old Town of Helsinki in 1993. The sample derives from the remains of a cellar in a house, used in late-sixteenth or early-seventeenth century by a wealthy person, probably a merchant. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 369-380 Issue: 4 Volume: 21 Year: 2016 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631415Y.0000000012 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631415Y.0000000012 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:21:y:2016:i:4:p:369-380 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lisa Yeomans Author-X-Name-First: Lisa Author-X-Name-Last: Yeomans Title: Preliminary report on fish remains from the 18th- and 19th-century pearl fishing and trading settlement of Al Zubārah, Qatar Abstract: This paper presents initial results of continuing work on the fish remains from excavations at Al Zubārah in northwest Qatar. Al Zubārah flourished as a political, cultural and economic hub during the 18th and 19th centuries following the establishment of a settlement by the ᶜUtūb tribe from Kuwait. Comparison is made between faunal material from contexts dating to the initial settlement of the site in the mid 18th century and occupation deposits from houses inhabited once the town was at the height of its importance as a trading centre. This allows comparison of fishing strategies employed as the town expanded, cultural changes in the preference of fish and the effects on the marine environment as the town's population grew. Analysis also examines evidence for the preparation of fish within the houses and cooking practices. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 381-388 Issue: 4 Volume: 21 Year: 2016 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2015.1115243 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2015.1115243 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:21:y:2016:i:4:p:381-388 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Monica K. Dütting Author-X-Name-First: Monica K. Author-X-Name-Last: Dütting Title: Fishing gear from the Roman period in the Netherlands: An overview Abstract: This paper presents an overview of fishing gear recovered from Roman period sites in the Netherlands. Fish hooks, line sinkers, net sinkers, floaters, wickerwork fish traps, canoes with live wells and fish tanks have been identified. These artefacts provide additional insight into the widespread practice of fishing and thus of fish consumption during this time period and is a valuable addition to research on archaeological fish bone remains. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 389-401 Issue: 4 Volume: 21 Year: 2016 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2016.1216307 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2016.1216307 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:21:y:2016:i:4:p:389-401 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elena Salmina Author-X-Name-First: Elena Author-X-Name-Last: Salmina Title: Fishing settlements in the Pskov region in the 16th century (according to archaeological data and written sources) Abstract: Numerous written sources report that an extensive system of special fishing villages called isads existed in the Pskov region in the 16th century. These villages were inhabited by professional fishermen and their fishing grounds were strictly delineated. Due to the analysis of scribes books, cartographic material analysis and exploratory excavations in the area, 314 sites were exposed. More than 60% of the fishing sites mentioned in the scribes books were mapped and the location of 20% more was determined by indirect information. Some of the isads which were located are partially studied by prompt or archaeological excavations. During the excavations of beach debris, some fishing gear dated to the late Medieval–Modern time periods were found. The combination of information obtained from the study of lake coastline changes, hydrological regime of waterways and water bodies of the Pskov region, and data on the economy and economics of the whole area under study give impetus to research into a number of problems related to natural environmental characteristics of the Pskov region for the period of study. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 402-410 Issue: 4 Volume: 21 Year: 2016 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2015.1129716 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2015.1129716 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:21:y:2016:i:4:p:402-410 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Erratum Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 1-1 Issue: 4 Volume: 21 Year: 2016 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2016.1229933 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2016.1229933 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:21:y:2016:i:4:p:1-1 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dylan S. Davis Author-X-Name-First: Dylan S. Author-X-Name-Last: Davis Title: Studying Human Responses to Environmental Change: Trends and Trajectories of Archaeological Research Abstract: Environmental archaeological enquiry has a long and vibrant history. Many of the same questions have persisted in archaeological dialogues over the past century. In particular, the effects of environmental change on demographic patterns, health, and societal stability are among the most pervasive questions being addressed by anthropological research. These studies have limitations, however. For example, evaluations of the complex relationships between environmental variables and human responses are only just beginning to emerge in anthropological literature. This goal requires high-resolution paleoclimate datasets and the use of quantitative modelling rooted in evolutionary and complex systems theory. This paper serves as a broad review of advances in environmental archaeological enquiry associated with environmental change and human response. I argue that the future of archaeological questions concerning human-environmental connection requires a re-evaluation of causality and the incorporation of complex systems approaches to address human responses to external pressures. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 367-380 Issue: 4 Volume: 25 Year: 2020 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2019.1639338 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2019.1639338 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:25:y:2020:i:4:p:367-380 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christopher M. Nicholson Author-X-Name-First: Christopher M. Author-X-Name-Last: Nicholson Title: Shifts Along a Spectrum: A Longitudinal Study of the Western Eurasian Realized Climate Niche Abstract: Climate niches that modern humans and earlier hominin ancestors occupied have changed dramatically over time, but the extent of those changes has gone largely undocumented. This study investigates the manner in which the realised hominin climate niche has expanded, contracted, or stayed stationary across four time periods (Last Interglacial, Last Glacial Maximum, Mid-Holocene, and 1950–2000) in Western Eurasia. Using spatially gridded general circulation model data and site locations this study examines climate variables from archaeological sites and current Western Eurasian cities to describe both the regional Western Eurasian fundamental and realised climate niches. Changes between the three prehistoric periods and modern-day time period are analysed by calculating each realised niche breadth, overlap, position, and variance. Results indicate that as global temperatures cooled from the Last Interglacial to Last Glacial Maximum, populations expanded their climate niche breadth beyond that of earlier Neanderthal groups, shifting toward regions with less seasonal variation. Conversely, Mid-Holocene humans, who saw the proliferation of both agriculture and population, contracted their realised climate niche space. The contraction and expansion of realised climate niche space illustrates how hominins have evolved the capacity to shift their niche through changes to their subsistence strategy and adaptations to overall climatic conditions. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 381-396 Issue: 4 Volume: 25 Year: 2020 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2019.1654651 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2019.1654651 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:25:y:2020:i:4:p:381-396 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ian Hutchinson Author-X-Name-First: Ian Author-X-Name-Last: Hutchinson Author-Name: Mark E. Hall Author-X-Name-First: Mark E. Author-X-Name-Last: Hall Title: Chinook Salmon, Late Holocene Climate Change, and the Occupational History of Kettle Falls, a Columbia River Fishing Station Abstract: Kettle Falls, located 1125 km from the mouth of the Columbia River in present-day Washington State (USA), was the second-most important salmon fishing and trading locus on that river in the early historic era. We encapsulate the late Holocene history of the fishery by deriving a summed probability distribution function (SPDF) from 50 radiocarbon ages from 13 archaeological sites within 2 km of the falls. When compared to an SPDF from 307 sites from elsewhere on the Columbia Plateau, and a null model, the Kettle Falls SPDF exhibits two phases of elevated activity at 1700–1300 cal BP and 800–500 cal BP, and an intervening lull. These phases are not related to the excavation history or differential exposure of sites to taphonomic processes, but they are concordant with episodes of glacial advance in the local mountains, which reflect hemispheric-scale changes in climate. Modern returns of summer-run Chinook salmon to the Columbia River are inversely correlated with sea-surface temperature regimes in the northeast Pacific Ocean, and we propose that the occupational history of the Kettle Falls fishery echoes long-term variations in the returns of salmon to the upper Columbia River linked to climate change. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 397-410 Issue: 4 Volume: 25 Year: 2020 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2019.1648118 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2019.1648118 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:25:y:2020:i:4:p:397-410 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daniel Loponte Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Author-X-Name-Last: Loponte Author-Name: Maria José Corriale Author-X-Name-First: Maria José Author-X-Name-Last: Corriale Title: Patterns of Resource Use and Isotopic Niche Overlap Among Guanaco (Lama guanicoe), Pampas Deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) and Marsh Deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) in the Pampas. Ecological, Paleoenvironmental and Archaeological Implications Abstract: In this paper, we analyze the isotopic niche and resource use of the guanaco (Lama guanicoe), pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) and marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) on the temperate plain of the northern Pampa region in the southeast of South America. The measured stable isotope compositions in bone tissue are δ13C, δ15N and δ18O. All the analyzed samples were recovered from different archaeological sites from the late Holocene. According to the results, the guanaco was strictly confined to the Pampa plain environment, developing a broad niche based on C3 plants and a variable contribution of C4 grasses within a grazing trend. The pampas deer preferentially used the Pampa plain, but also the prairies on the borders of the wetland, showing eurioic characteristics and a narrower niche based on C3 plants. In turn, the marsh deer was strictly confined to wetland environments, developing a C3 diet–base, within a narrow isotopic niche and stenoic characteristics. The three mammals showed a wide range of intraspecific variability, which was a key factor in their adaptability to spatial and temporal changes in the vegetation coverage. In fact, the temporal trends of their isotopic values were concurrent with the major climatic variations of the Holocene. Differences in the correlations between the values of both carbon sources in both deer species compared with the guanaco suggest a distinct chemical composition of their diet and/or differences in the allocation of nutrients. The isotopic values of nitrogen and spacing of the carbon sources in guanaco (pseudoruminant) and both deer species (ruminants) show no significant differences between them, thus establishing the values for local large herbivores. Significant correlations between δ13C and δ15N were found in the guanaco and marsh deer. The regional and extra–regional variability in the guanaco's δ13Ccollagen and δ15N probably reflect the clinal variations in the vegetation coverage and the amount of rainfall. The collagen isotope values in the guanaco throughout the entire Holocene show that the humid Pampa would have shifted between being a more recurrent mesic and temperate plain with minor phases of dry–mesic conditions like during the Little Ice Age, and a humid and warm one at the peaks of the Holocene Thermal Maximum and the Medieval Climatic Anomaly. The guanaco and the pampas deer adapted to all the climatic changes that happened on the humid Pampa until the biological invasions of large European mammals changed the herbivores’ guild composition of this vast plain, pushing them into peripheral habitats due to competition. The within–species variability in isotopic signals through time and space make it necessary to carry out adequate sampling before reconstructing the diets of local past populations. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 411-444 Issue: 4 Volume: 25 Year: 2020 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2019.1585646 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2019.1585646 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:25:y:2020:i:4:p:411-444 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Graeme Barker Author-X-Name-First: Graeme Author-X-Name-Last: Barker Title: Traditional arid lands agriculture: understanding the past for the future Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 445-446 Issue: 4 Volume: 25 Year: 2020 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1319530 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1319530 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:25:y:2020:i:4:p:445-446 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pamela J. Cross Author-X-Name-First: Pamela J. Author-X-Name-Last: Cross Title: The Fields of Britannia: continuity and change in the late Roman and early medieval landscape Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 446-447 Issue: 4 Volume: 25 Year: 2020 Month: 10 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1327238 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1327238 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:25:y:2020:i:4:p:446-447 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kirsten Barr Author-X-Name-First: Kirsten Author-X-Name-Last: Barr Author-Name: Martin Bell Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Bell Title: Neolithic and Bronze Age ungulate footprint-tracks of the Severn Estuary: Species, age, identification and the interpretation of husbandry practices Abstract: Ungulate footprint-tracks provide information regarding the species and age of animals. Combined with other datasets, this contributes to interpretation of seasonal husbandry patterns in the Severn Estuary, focusing on Bronze Age intertidal footprint-tracks at Redwick and Goldcliff East and the Late Neolithic site of Oldbury. Metric dimensions and morphology of modern contemporary ungulate footprint-tracks are used as analogues to help understand the species and age of prehistoric ungulates. Findings indicate that Dexter cattle and Soay sheep are metrically similar to British prehistoric ungulates. The prehistoric sites have a concentration of neonatal and juvenile individuals. Along with evidence provided by environmental data, faunal skeletal assemblages and lipid and isotopic analysis, this leads to the conclusion that the presence of younger animals and evidence at Brean Down for dairying is consistent with saltmarsh grazing activity in spring and summer. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 1-14 Issue: 1 Volume: 22 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2016.1222691 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2016.1222691 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:22:y:2017:i:1:p:1-14 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nelum Kanthilatha Author-X-Name-First: Nelum Author-X-Name-Last: Kanthilatha Author-Name: William Boyd Author-X-Name-First: William Author-X-Name-Last: Boyd Author-Name: Jeffery Parr Author-X-Name-First: Jeffery Author-X-Name-Last: Parr Author-Name: Nigel Chang Author-X-Name-First: Nigel Author-X-Name-Last: Chang Title: Implications of phytolith and diatom assemblages in the cultural layers of prehistoric archaeological sites of Ban Non Wat and Nong Hua Raet in Northeast Thailand Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 15-27 Issue: 1 Volume: 22 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631415Y.0000000026 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631415Y.0000000026 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:22:y:2017:i:1:p:15-27 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. P. Lefort Author-X-Name-First: J. P. Author-X-Name-Last: Lefort Author-Name: J. L. Monnier Author-X-Name-First: J. L. Author-X-Name-Last: Monnier Author-Name: G. A. Danukalova Author-X-Name-First: G. A. Author-X-Name-Last: Danukalova Author-Name: A. L. Ravon Author-X-Name-First: A. L. Author-X-Name-Last: Ravon Title: Evolution of the Palaeolithic landscape at the westernmost tip of continental Europe: The shoreline seen by the Menez Dregan dwellers Abstract: The successive dwellers of the Palaeolithic Menez Dregan site (Finistère, France) experienced a different landscape because of the relative sea level transgressions and regressions which affected Audierne Bay between 465 and 369 Ka. We computed a series of bathymetric measurements and then produced a series of 3D images between Penmarc'h Bill, the Sein Ridge and the –120 m isobath to reconstruct these landscapes. Due to the lack of flint in the onshore and offshore Brittany basement, the –40 and –80 m regressive stages have been particularly well studied as they correspond to two well-developed flint-rich boulder bars. The other topographic features which probably attracted the attention of pre-Neanderthals were: (1) the vertical granite cliffs of Sein, Audierne and Penmarc'h; (2) the mid-Bay granitic pinnacles and cascade; (3) the Raz pass, which was the only communication route between the Audierne and Douarnenez Bays; (4) the Goayen and Pouldreuzic Rivers; (5) the Ar Palinier plateau made up of shelly limestone characterised by small caves and dolinas; (6) the Bigorne marsh, infilled by continental mud, which received drainage from all the rivers and the cascade; (7) the gentle south-facing slope located south of Sein island and (8) the N130° 2 m linear step cutting across all of their territory. Some of these data suggest that other Palaeolithic sites may have occurred at a deeper depth than the present sea level. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 28-39 Issue: 1 Volume: 22 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631415Y.0000000017 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631415Y.0000000017 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:22:y:2017:i:1:p:28-39 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jacqueline Towers Author-X-Name-First: Jacqueline Author-X-Name-Last: Towers Author-Name: Ingrid Mainland Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid Author-X-Name-Last: Mainland Author-Name: Janet Montgomery Author-X-Name-First: Janet Author-X-Name-Last: Montgomery Author-Name: Julie Bond Author-X-Name-First: Julie Author-X-Name-Last: Bond Title: Calving seasonality at Pool, Orkney during the first millennium AD: an investigation using intra-tooth isotope ratio analysis of cattle molar enamel Abstract: The identification of dairying is essential if we are to understand economies of the past, particularly in northwest Europe, where a high degree of lactose tolerance suggests that fresh milk has long been a significant food product. This paper explores a possible link between economic focus and seasonality of calving. Although cattle (Bos taurus) can breed throughout the year, animals living in temperate regions with minimal or no human management tend to breed seasonally, their breeding behaviour being strongly influenced by the availability of food. In order to achieve a year-round supply of fresh milk in the past, it is likely that multiple-season calving was necessary, which would have required additional husbandry effort. Alternatively, for meat-focussed economies or those based on storable dairy products, a strategy of single-season calving in spring may have been favoured to maximise the utilisation of spring and summer vegetation. Cattle birth seasonality is investigated through isotope ratio analysis (δ18O, δ13C) of tooth enamel. Results for cattle from Pool, Orkney dating to the latter part of the first millennium AD suggest that calving occurred during at least three seasons implying that the continuous provision of fresh milk was of economic importance. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 40-55 Issue: 1 Volume: 22 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2015.1116214 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2015.1116214 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:22:y:2017:i:1:p:40-55 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lisa A. Lodwick Author-X-Name-First: Lisa A. Author-X-Name-Last: Lodwick Title: ‘The debatable territory where geology and archaeology meet’: reassessing the early archaeobotanical work of Clement Reid and Arthur Lyell at Roman Silchester Abstract: The first large-scale archaeobotanical study in Britain, conducted from 1899 to 1909 by Clement Reid and Arthur Lyell at Silchester, provided the first evidence for the introduction of Roman plant foods to Britain, yet the findings have thus far remained unverified. This paper presents a reassessment of these archaeobotanical remains, now stored as part of the Silchester Collection in Reading Museum. The documentary evidence for the Silchester study is summarised, before the results are presented for over a 1000 plant remains including an assessment of preservation, identification and modern contamination. The dataset includes both evidence for the presence of nationally rare plant foods, such as medlar, and several archaeophytes. The methodologies and original interpretations of Reid and Lyell's study are reassessed in light of current archaeobotanical knowledge. Spatial and contextual patterns in the distribution of plant foods and ornamental taxa are also explored. Finally, the legacy of the study for the development of archaeobotany in the 20th century is evaluated. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 56-78 Issue: 1 Volume: 22 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2015.1116218 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2015.1116218 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:22:y:2017:i:1:p:56-78 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jonathan P. Lewis Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan P. Author-X-Name-Last: Lewis Author-Name: Melanie J. Leng Author-X-Name-First: Melanie J. Author-X-Name-Last: Leng Author-Name: Jonathan R. Dean Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan R. Author-X-Name-Last: Dean Author-Name: Arkadiusz Marciniak Author-X-Name-First: Arkadiusz Author-X-Name-Last: Marciniak Author-Name: Daniella E. Bar-Yosef Mayer Author-X-Name-First: Daniella E. Author-X-Name-Last: Bar-Yosef Mayer Author-Name: Xiaohong Wu Author-X-Name-First: Xiaohong Author-X-Name-Last: Wu Title: Early Holocene palaeoseasonality inferred from the stable isotope composition of Unio shells from Çatalhöyük, Turkey Abstract: Seasonal δ13C and δ18O data are presented from 14 Unio sub-fossil shells unearthed at the archaeological site of Çatalhöyük in central Turkey, spanning the occupation period ca. 9150–8000 cal years BP. The shells likely lived in the small lakes/wetlands around the site before being gathered and taken to Çatalhöyük. Wet-dry seasonal cycles are clearly apparent in the δ18Oshell profiles with low winter values reflecting winter precipitation and high δ18O in the summer resulting from evaporation. The most striking trend in the δ18O data is the drop in maximum summer δ18O ca. 8300 years BP, which we infer as indicating lower summer evaporation and hence a reduction in seasonality. Previous palaeoclimate records from the area have suggested cooler and more arid conditions, with reduced precipitation, around this time. While the drop in summer δ18O values could be due to reduced summer temperatures reducing summer evaporation, but there was little change in winter δ18O, perhaps suggesting winter growth cessation or reduced influence of winter climate change on δ18O. This shift in seasonal climate could be linked to solar-forced climate change beginning ca. 8600 years BP, and enhanced by the regional expression of the 8·2k event. Changing water balance over the occupation period is likely an important contributory factor behind observed cultural changes at Çatalhöyük in the Late Neolithic/Early Chalcolithic period. Our results might be considered to support the fission-fusion farming hypothesis as we provide additional evidence for wet winter/early spring conditions during the Early Holocene which likely caused flooding of the Çarşamba Fan. The changing water balance after ca. 8300 years BP (i.e. reduced seasonality and potentially reduced local summer evaporation) is also coincidental with the proposed end of this farming system due to multi-decadal drought. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 79-95 Issue: 1 Volume: 22 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2015.1116216 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2015.1116216 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:22:y:2017:i:1:p:79-95 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maaike Groot Author-X-Name-First: Maaike Author-X-Name-Last: Groot Author-Name: Sabine Deschler-Erb Author-X-Name-First: Sabine Author-X-Name-Last: Deschler-Erb Title: Carnem et circenses – consumption of animals and their products in Roman urban and military sites in two regions in the northwestern provinces Abstract: This paper investigates the consumption of animals and their products in the northwestern provinces of the Roman Empire. A regional approach was used, comparing two research areas: the northern part of modern Switzerland and the central part of the modern Netherlands. These two regions have different histories, backgrounds and landscapes. Our aim was to find out whether these different histories and backgrounds led to different consumption patterns and to what extent they correspond to Roman-style nutrition. Furthermore, we looked for developments over time in consumption of meat and exploitation of livestock. A data set consisting of over 282,000 fragments of cattle, sheep/goat and pig from 188 samples from military sites, urban centres and vici was collected. Our study identified both differences and similarities in consumption and exploitation patterns. Differences can be explained by the regional character of each research area, while similarities suggest wider economic developments in the Empire and general supply strategies of the Roman army. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 96-112 Issue: 1 Volume: 22 Year: 2017 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1179/1749631415Y.0000000027 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1179/1749631415Y.0000000027 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:22:y:2017:i:1:p:96-112 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tõnno Jonuks Author-X-Name-First: Tõnno Author-X-Name-Last: Jonuks Author-Name: Ester Oras Author-X-Name-First: Ester Author-X-Name-Last: Oras Author-Name: Julia Best Author-X-Name-First: Julia Author-X-Name-Last: Best Author-Name: Beatrice Demarchi Author-X-Name-First: Beatrice Author-X-Name-Last: Demarchi Author-Name: Raivo Mänd Author-X-Name-First: Raivo Author-X-Name-Last: Mänd Author-Name: Samantha Presslee Author-X-Name-First: Samantha Author-X-Name-Last: Presslee Author-Name: Signe Vahur Author-X-Name-First: Signe Author-X-Name-Last: Vahur Title: Multi-method Analysis of Avian Eggs as Grave Goods: Revealing Symbolism in Conversion Period Burials at Kukruse, NE Estonia Abstract: Eggshells are unusual finds in the Iron Age of eastern Europe (500 BC–1200 AD) deserving extra attention in terms of analysis as well as interpretation. This paper discusses two rare eggshell finds, discovered in female burials at the conversion period (12th–13th century AD) cemetery at Kukruse, NE Estonia. Our multianalytical study combining FT-IR, SEM(-EDS), microscopy and ZooMS provides an overview of methods applicable for identifying egg species, their predepositional history and curation. Based on the analytical results and the comparative analysis of the content and context of these two burials, we argue that different aims and connotations lay behind depositing eggs as burial goods, allowing well-supported interpretations of both pagan and Christian religious worldviews simultaneously. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 109-122 Issue: 2 Volume: 23 Year: 2018 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2016.1263374 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2016.1263374 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:23:y:2018:i:2:p:109-122 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Iwona Sobkowiak-Tabaka Author-X-Name-First: Iwona Author-X-Name-Last: Sobkowiak-Tabaka Author-Name: Lucy Kubiak-Martens Author-X-Name-First: Lucy Author-X-Name-Last: Kubiak-Martens Author-Name: Iwona Okuniewska-Nowaczyk Author-X-Name-First: Iwona Author-X-Name-Last: Okuniewska-Nowaczyk Author-Name: Magdalena Ratajczak-Szczerba Author-X-Name-First: Magdalena Author-X-Name-Last: Ratajczak-Szczerba Author-Name: Aldona Kurzawska Author-X-Name-First: Aldona Author-X-Name-Last: Kurzawska Author-Name: Bernadeta Kufel-Diakowska Author-X-Name-First: Bernadeta Author-X-Name-Last: Kufel-Diakowska Title: Reconstruction of the Late Glacial and Early Holocene landscape and human presence in Lubrza, Western Poland, on the basis of multidisciplinary analyses Abstract: This paper presents the results of a multidisciplinary study that combines archaeological and palaeoenvironmental research to examine the relationship between environment and human activities in Western Poland during the Late Glacial and Early Holocene. The study area lying within the young moraine landscape produced several Late Palaeolithic and Early Mesolithic sites, varied in terms of size and function. Analyses of pollen, plant macro-remains and molluscs accompanied by geomorphological investigations and supported by series of radiocarbon dates have enabled a detailed reconstruction of environment. It has shown that despite climatic fluctuations during the Allerød and Younger Dryas, the studied area provided favourable conditions for hunter-gatherer occupation. The presence of micro- and macroscopic charcoal, charred particles of herbaceous plants and charred mosses in peat deposits of former water bodies evidence various activities carried out by Federmesser and Swiderian groups, for example setting up camp-fires and deliberate burning of the local marsh vegetation. Usewear analyses of flint implements have revealed further traces of diversified human activities undertaken at examined sites. Most importantly, this article focuses on plant-based craft activities undertaken by hunter-gatherers, about which little has hitherto been known. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 123-136 Issue: 2 Volume: 23 Year: 2018 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2016.1268993 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2016.1268993 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:23:y:2018:i:2:p:123-136 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. P. Maslin Author-X-Name-First: S. P. Author-X-Name-Last: Maslin Title: Anglo-Saxon Economy and Ecology by a Downland Stream: A Waterlogged Sequence from the Anglo-Saxon Royal Settlement at Lyminge, Kent Abstract: Palaeoecological and geoarchaeological investigations which cover the Anglo-Saxon period are rare, particularly in chalk downland landscapes which are considered to have limited palaeoenvironmental potential. The present study explores a sequence which can be directly related to the occupation history of the major Anglo-Saxon settlement at Lyminge, Kent. This work demonstrated a sequence of palaeochannels and organic deposits associated with the latter part of an archaeological sequence which spans the 5th to the 11th centuries AD. A range of evidence for the environment and economic activity is presented which suggests landscape continuity, possibly stretching back as far as the Romano-British period. The sequence revealed worked wood and evidence for livestock management and cereal cultivation, some of which is contemporary with the final phases of occupation of a 7th century ‘great hall complex’ and its subsequent transformation into a royal monastery. Agricultural activity following the abandonment of the pre-monastic settlement area caused this stream margin to become gradually buried by ploughwash which displaced the channel over time and sealed the organic deposits. It is incredibly rare to find such organic preservation in direct association with an Anglo-Saxon downland rural settlement and this is the first time that such a sequence has been analysed in association with the latter phases of a known Anglo-Saxon royal and monastic centre. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 137-151 Issue: 2 Volume: 23 Year: 2018 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2016.1271852 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2016.1271852 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:23:y:2018:i:2:p:137-151 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Evan Peacock Author-X-Name-First: Evan Author-X-Name-Last: Peacock Author-Name: Joseph Mitchell Author-X-Name-First: Joseph Author-X-Name-Last: Mitchell Author-Name: C. Andrew Buchner Author-X-Name-First: C. Andrew Author-X-Name-Last: Buchner Title: Applied Zooarchaeology of Freshwater Mussel (Bivalvia: Unionidae) Shell from Golson (22HU508), A Deasonville-Period Site on the Yazoo River, Mississippi Abstract: Excavations at Golson (22HU508), an archaeological site on the Yazoo River in western Mississippi, USA, produced an assemblage of over 4000 freshwater mussel shells, 77 percent of which were identifiable to species. Although limited spatial sampling of the deposits limits what can be said about past mussel community characteristics, twelve new river records for mussel species are derived from the assemblage. This typical result emphasises the value of archaeological shell assemblages for conservation biology and provides a rationale for why sites containing shell may be considered significant based upon their potential contributions to environmental history. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 152-159 Issue: 2 Volume: 23 Year: 2018 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1279841 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1279841 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:23:y:2018:i:2:p:152-159 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: C. D. Athanassas Author-X-Name-First: C. D. Author-X-Name-Last: Athanassas Author-Name: K. Modis Author-X-Name-First: K. Author-X-Name-Last: Modis Author-Name: M. C. Alçiçek Author-X-Name-First: M. C. Author-X-Name-Last: Alçiçek Author-Name: K. Theodorakopoulou Author-X-Name-First: K. Author-X-Name-Last: Theodorakopoulou Title: Contouring the Cataclysm: A Geographical Analysis of the Effects of the Minoan Eruption of the Santorini Volcano Abstract: This study is a step forward in understanding the palaeoenvironmental effects of the Minoan eruption of Santorini (1627–1600 BCE). We employ geostatistics to produce a prediction map for the thickness of the tephra fallout over the Eastern Mediterranean, and we reconstruct the effects by comparisons with recent eruption analogues. Based on the geostatistical map, the amount of environmental disruption over so far undocumented areas is estimated by comparison with archaeological sites where emplaced Minoan tephra has been recorded before. Nevertheless, independent field evidence suggest that the environment responded differently in places, occasionally posing challenges to the presented interpolation. A second line of evidence coming from contemporaneous fluvial archives provides clues for a widespread ‘Minoan flood’ over a large part of the Eastern Mediterranean, associated with the eruption itself. This simultaneous hydrological event may have had a counterbalancing effect on the impacts of the Minoan tephra cover, and could explain the sporadic discrepancies between the predicted effects and the palaeoenvironmental evidence. Traces of the effects of this extraordinary volcanic event are also sought in the regional Late Bronze Age literature. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 160-176 Issue: 2 Volume: 23 Year: 2018 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1288885 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1288885 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:23:y:2018:i:2:p:160-176 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joseph Mitchell Author-X-Name-First: Joseph Author-X-Name-Last: Mitchell Title: Prehistoric Molluscan Faunas of the Yazoo River, Mississippi, USA: Archaeological Perspectives for Modern Conservation Abstract: Archaeological faunal assemblages can provide data valuable to modern conservation ecology. For example, while freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae, Margaritiferidae) are common constituents in the archaeological record of North America, today they are one of the world’s most imperiled faunal groups. Efforts to aid habitat restoration, population growth, and species reintroduction can be informed by studies of prehistoric mussel assemblages. These data can provide a historical perspective, cataloging communities as they existed prior to extensive modern impacts, thus representing an ecological baseline to be compared with modern populations. This study focuses on two late prehistoric (ca. 300–600 AD) sites on the Yazoo River, where nearly 24,000 freshwater mussel valves were recovered. Though modern data are extremely limited for the river, analysis revealed it once supported a diverse mussel community containing numerous species currently considered rare, endangered, or extinct in Mississippi. In total, the combined shell assemblages yielded 23 new river records for the Yazoo River. One species in particular, Quadrula fragosa, represents the second such occurrence in Mississippi, and bolsters its candidate status as a new state record, as argued in a recent report from a neighbouring river in the Yazoo Basin. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 177-186 Issue: 2 Volume: 23 Year: 2018 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1288886 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1288886 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:23:y:2018:i:2:p:177-186 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elizabeth Henton Author-X-Name-First: Elizabeth Author-X-Name-Last: Henton Author-Name: Isabelle Ruben Author-X-Name-First: Isabelle Author-X-Name-Last: Ruben Author-Name: Carol Palmer Author-X-Name-First: Carol Author-X-Name-Last: Palmer Author-Name: Louise Martin Author-X-Name-First: Louise Author-X-Name-Last: Martin Author-Name: Andrew Garrard Author-X-Name-First: Andrew Author-X-Name-Last: Garrard Author-Name: Matthew Thirlwall Author-X-Name-First: Matthew Author-X-Name-Last: Thirlwall Author-Name: Anne-Lise Jourdan Author-X-Name-First: Anne-Lise Author-X-Name-Last: Jourdan Title: The Seasonal Mobility of Prehistoric Gazelle Herds in the Azraq Basin, Jordan: Modelling Alternative Strategies Using Stable Isotopes Abstract: The hunting of Gazella subgutturosa was a dominant practice for Epipalaeolithic and early Neolithic hunter–gatherers in the east Jordan steppe. The seasonal mobility of this taxon in the Levant is poorly understood, especially for early prehistory when herd movements would have influenced hunter-gatherer use of the steppes. This paper proposes four patterns of seasonal herd mobility for G. subgutturosa centred on Jordan’s Azraq Basin. The four patterns are modelled using oxygen, carbon and strontium stable isotopes. Seasonal environmental signatures of each are understood through carbon and strontium isotopic variation in sixty modern plant specimens collected from twelve selected locations in north Jordan, published data on oxygen isotopes in local precipitation, and the adaptive behaviour of G. subgutturosa. The integrated isotopic datasets provide clear discriminatory markers for each proposed mobility pattern. Results will be applied in future to isotopic data from archaeological gazelle teeth from the Azraq Basin. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 187-199 Issue: 2 Volume: 23 Year: 2018 Month: 4 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1316432 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1316432 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:23:y:2018:i:2:p:187-199 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Quan Li Author-X-Name-First: Quan Author-X-Name-Last: Li Author-Name: Yafang Li Author-X-Name-First: Yafang Author-X-Name-Last: Li Author-Name: Jian Sun Author-X-Name-First: Jian Author-X-Name-Last: Sun Author-Name: Yong Cui Author-X-Name-First: Yong Author-X-Name-Last: Cui Author-Name: Haiyan Li Author-X-Name-First: Haiyan Author-X-Name-Last: Li Author-Name: Anna Cao Author-X-Name-First: Anna Author-X-Name-Last: Cao Author-Name: Jie Nie Author-X-Name-First: Jie Author-X-Name-Last: Nie Author-Name: Runlin Xu Author-X-Name-First: Runlin Author-X-Name-Last: Xu Title: The Analysis on Nanhai No. 1 Shipwreck Site Based on the Mollusca Debris Data Abstract: The Nanhai No. 1 Shipwreck is a wooden ship sunk 800 years ago during the Southern Song Dynasty of China. The zoobenthic shellfish communities in the sediments covering the wreck came from 296 species from 5 phylums, of which 290 were molluscs. These molluscs were mainly composed of local marine fauna based on the literature. By comparing the structural parameters of the zoobenthic debris communities and their changes among the different sediment layers, it is notable that the seabed environment was influenced by the wreck within a short period of time, and corroded metal objects from the ship could impact the mollusc communities. Because of the relatively continuous and stable particle deposition in the sea, the wreck was quickly covered in sediment. During this deposition process, the seabed level of the shipwreck site gradually returned to similar conditions prevalent in the surrounding area. Sedimentation sealed the wooden objects of the hull from the sea water and relatively anaerobic conditions between the sediment and the wood structures were formed. This anaerobic environment inhibited the eroding effect of aerobic bacteria and wood boring animals, thereby preserving the shipwrecked hull. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 1-12 Issue: 1 Volume: 26 Year: 2021 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2019.1654641 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2019.1654641 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:26:y:2021:i:1:p:1-12 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lisa Lodwick Author-X-Name-First: Lisa Author-X-Name-Last: Lodwick Author-Name: Gill Campbell Author-X-Name-First: Gill Author-X-Name-Last: Campbell Author-Name: Vicky Crosby Author-X-Name-First: Vicky Author-X-Name-Last: Crosby Author-Name: Gundula Müldner Author-X-Name-First: Gundula Author-X-Name-Last: Müldner Title: Isotopic Evidence for Changes in Cereal Production Strategies in Iron Age and Roman Britain Abstract: Following the Roman conquest, agricultural production in Britain faced increasing demand from large urban and military populations. While it has long been thought that this necessitated an increase in agricultural production, direct archaeological evidence for changes in cultivation practices has been scarce. Using a model that conceptualises cereal farming strategies in terms of intensive or extensive practices, this paper is the first study to address this question using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope data of crop remains. We report δ15N and δ13C values from 41 samples of spelt, emmer and barley from Bronze Age, Iron Age and Roman Stanwick (Northants., UK), in order to assess the intensiveness of arable farming and investigate shifts in cultivation practices in prehistoric and Roman Britain. The results demonstrate a decline in δ15N in the Roman period, suggesting that farming practices moved to lower levels of manuring and, by implication, became more extensive. δ13C values are comparable in all periods, supporting the suggestion that changes observed in human stable isotope data between the Iron Age and Roman period are best explained by dietary change rather than a shift towards higher δ13C values in plants at the base of the food chain. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 13-28 Issue: 1 Volume: 26 Year: 2021 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2020.1718852 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2020.1718852 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:26:y:2021:i:1:p:13-28 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: C. Beltrame Author-X-Name-First: C. Author-X-Name-Last: Beltrame Author-Name: P. Mozzi Author-X-Name-First: P. Author-X-Name-Last: Mozzi Author-Name: A. Forti Author-X-Name-First: A. Author-X-Name-Last: Forti Author-Name: M. Maritan Author-X-Name-First: M. Author-X-Name-Last: Maritan Author-Name: A. A. Rucco Author-X-Name-First: A. A. Author-X-Name-Last: Rucco Author-Name: A. Vavasori Author-X-Name-First: A. Author-X-Name-Last: Vavasori Author-Name: A. Miola Author-X-Name-First: A. Author-X-Name-Last: Miola Title: The Fifth-Century AD Riverine Barge of Santa Maria in Padovetere (Ferrara, Italy): A Multidisciplinary Approach to its Environment and Shipbuilding Techniques Abstract: This paper presents the results of a multidisciplinary investigation of the wreck of a riverine flat-bottom sewn barge dated to the fifth century AD. The wreck was recovered west of the city of Comacchio (Ferrara, North Italy), near the sixth century church Santa Maria in Padovetere (SMP). It was found in the silty sediments filling a paleo channel of the Po River and is one of the very few well-preserved inland watercrafts from the Roman period known in southern Europe. Thanks to the high level of conservation of the organic matter, archaeobotanical analyses of the bilge sediments, rope fragments, caulking, and wood elements and chemical analyses of the pitch have revealed the local provenance of the barge’s materials, the craft’s possible use, and the environment in which it sailed. A geomorphological study of the area where the wreck was found led to a reconstruction of the flooding event that could be responsible for the barge’s abandonment. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 29-50 Issue: 1 Volume: 26 Year: 2021 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2019.1586084 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2019.1586084 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:26:y:2021:i:1:p:29-50 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hein B. Bjerck Author-X-Name-First: Hein B. Author-X-Name-Last: Bjerck Title: What Could the ‘Sea Ice Machine’ do to its People? On Lateglacial Doggerland, Marine Foraging, and the Colonisation of Scandinavian Seascapes Abstract: ‘Climate’ is rarely experienced directly – contrary to day-to-day ‘weather’ and ‘seasons’ that manifest in landscapes (‘weather-worlds’). This paper elaborates the role of sea ice and sea ice hunting outside the lateglacial Doggerland beaches. The winter–spring sea ice was a seasonal extension of the continental plains, and a potential meeting ground for the human hunters of the plains and the mammals of the sea. Here, the hunters could observe and experience that seals were easy prey and that seals were similar to the familiar terrestrial megafauna; providing meat and blood, bone, skin, bladders and sinews, and ample supplies of fat (blubber) that also could heat dwellings. Seals on the ice could be hunted with similar methods and equipment as terrestrial animals – without the need of boats and the risks of cold, open sea. The Doggerland sea ice was a meeting ground of land and sea that could have been imperative in the development of marine foraging and the subsequent colonisation of Scandinavian seascapes. Levy Bryant’s ‘Machine Oriented Ontology’ may be instrumental to envision the sea ice and its potential for the lateglacial hunters in Northwest Europe. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 51-63 Issue: 1 Volume: 26 Year: 2021 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2019.1642673 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2019.1642673 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:26:y:2021:i:1:p:51-63 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Henrike Effenberger Author-X-Name-First: Henrike Author-X-Name-Last: Effenberger Author-Name: Martin Nickol Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Nickol Author-Name: Wiebke Kirleis Author-X-Name-First: Wiebke Author-X-Name-Last: Kirleis Title: Arrhenatherum elatius ssp. bulbosum Revisited – A Practical Approach to Decode Past Plant-related Activities Abstract: The charred bulbs of tuber oat grass (Arrhenatherum elatius ssp. bulbosum) are found in different archaeological contexts from various periods all over Europe. However, following the pre-Roman Iron Age, the occurrence of the plant gets scarcer. To understand why and how the bulbs of tuber oat grass have entered the archaeological record, it is crucial to study the habitus and the ecology of the plant. Therefore, growing, drying, charring and consumption experiments were carried out between 2012 and 2014. The empirical data from these experiments contributes to gaining a better understanding of subsistence practices and food choices in past societies. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 64-74 Issue: 1 Volume: 26 Year: 2021 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2019.1673574 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2019.1673574 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:26:y:2021:i:1:p:64-74 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lotte Selsing Author-X-Name-First: Lotte Author-X-Name-Last: Selsing Title: Main Territories in South Norway in the Mesolithic Abstract: The focus of this paper is on regionality, the use of main territories and how they are interlinked in the Mesolithic in south Norway during the culmination of the settlement of the mountain area, 8500–7600 cal BP. The main territories and their boundaries are identified by the distribution of specific lithic raw materials and one artefact type, distribution of ungulates and drainage systems. In the Mesolithic, south Norway corresponds to a language family with four dialectic tribes, each one corresponding to a main territory. Based on ethnographic analogies, the inegalitarian higher latitude boreal hunter-gatherer societies had delayed return. The subsistence strategy may have included the defence of resources which were plentiful, concentrated and predictable, with ownership of resource-rich locations such as salmon runs and quarries, while unreliable resources such as unpredictable ungulates may not have been defended. Storing may have resulted in a sedentary period during the yearly round close to resource-rich areas along rivers and coasts. The presence of a cemetery by the seashore at Hummervikholmen, indicates lineal descent groups, linking territories to funerary behaviour. Territorial lineages may have existed, with formal areas for disposal of the dead at least along resource-rich riversides and seashores. However, these may have been destroyed by erosion and other destruction processes. Lithic markers indicate that foragers from the four main territories maintained a network of links following the drainage systems and crossing the mountain area in the Central Main Territory, which was temporarily settled by people from the other main territories. Here, people from different directions could meet during the warm season hunting reindeer. In the river sources around the water divide areas, people may have had meeting places, exchanging information over large areas of south Norway. The activities at the meeting places were connected to a reindeer culture with long diasporic traditions reaching back to their origin at the lateglacial Continent. Reindeer are proposed to have had a central role in the grouping of the main territories. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 75-98 Issue: 1 Volume: 26 Year: 2021 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2020.1758992 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2020.1758992 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:26:y:2021:i:1:p:75-98 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nathalie Serrand Author-X-Name-First: Nathalie Author-X-Name-Last: Serrand Author-Name: Dominique Bonnissent Author-X-Name-First: Dominique Author-X-Name-Last: Bonnissent Title: Interacting Pre-Columbian Amerindian Societies and Environments: Insights from Five Millennia of Archaeological Invertebrate Record on the Saint-Martin Island (French Lesser Antilles) Abstract: Archaeological research, conducted on the French part of Saint-Martin, in the Lesser Antilles, documents the history of Amerindian communities on this island from the 4th millennium BC to the 15th century AD. Eight sites, spanning almost completely this sequence, have yielded extensive assemblages of invertebrate remains. Analysis and comparison of these assemblages with contemporaneous settlements from nearby islands reveal trends in the ways Amerindian communities exploited these resources. These results, especially when contrasted with a palaeo-climatic frame recently produced for Saint-Martin, reflect the intricate ways in which anthropic and natural systems interact. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 99-114 Issue: 1 Volume: 26 Year: 2021 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1450463 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1450463 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:26:y:2021:i:1:p:99-114 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dawn Elise Mooney Author-X-Name-First: Dawn Elise Author-X-Name-Last: Mooney Author-Name: Maria Martín-Seijo Author-X-Name-First: Maria Author-X-Name-Last: Martín-Seijo Title: Editorial: Archaeobotany in the Wider Landscape Abstract: At the 23rd Annual Meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists (EAA) in August to September 2017 in Maastricht, NL, two sessions explored how archaeobotanical analysis can be used to explore plant use beyond arable agriculture. Session 203 (The Archaeobotany of Non-Food Plant Exploitation) focused on the non-food uses of plants, while Session 346 (Within the Woodlands: Exploitation of Wild Plants during the Medieval and Post-Medieval Period) explored the various uses of wild plants. A key aim of both sessions was to encourage archaeologists to consider the many varied uses of plant materials in the past, including food, fuel, construction materials, textiles, cordage, pigments, medicine and ritual, and to consider also that many of these materials will be collected from the wider landscape rather than cultivated. Many of these themes have been taken forward by ARCHWILD, an EAA Community with a focus on research on wild plant resources founded by the organisers of these sessions, amongst others. This editorial introduces a special issue comprising papers stemming from these sessions, which together provide an exploration of the ‘state-of-the-art’ in the investigation of wild and non-food plant exploitation. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 115-121 Issue: 2 Volume: 26 Year: 2021 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2020.1852759 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2020.1852759 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:26:y:2021:i:2:p:115-121 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Susagna Romero-Brugués Author-X-Name-First: Susagna Author-X-Name-Last: Romero-Brugués Author-Name: Raquel Piqué Author-X-Name-First: Raquel Author-X-Name-Last: Piqué Author-Name: Llorenç Picornell-Gelabert Author-X-Name-First: Llorenç Author-X-Name-Last: Picornell-Gelabert Author-Name: Manel Calvo Author-X-Name-First: Manel Author-X-Name-Last: Calvo Author-Name: Josep M. Fullola Pericot Author-X-Name-First: Josep M. Author-X-Name-Last: Fullola Pericot Title: The Production and Use of Cordage in the Balearic Bronze Age: The Cova des Pas (Ferreries, Menorca) Abstract: The study of plant-fibre remains in the Mediterranean is limited due to the scarce archaeological sites where this organic material has been preserved. However, the Late Bronze Age burial site of Cova des Pas in Minorca (1100–800 cal BC) has provided an extraordinary assemblage of well-preserved organic materials, including an important number of cordage remains. The aim of this paper is to present the results of the study of more than 600 cordage remains and to provide new insights into the production and use of cords in this period in Balearic Islands prehistory. Firstly, we have characterised the production process by analyzing the morphological and technical characteristics of the whole assemblage. According to the results, plant resource management, past environments, and cordage production in Balearic Bronze Age societies are discussed. Finally, the function of these cords is considered, according to the technology of production and the archaeological context. Despite the homogeneity of the sample, some variations regarding size, direction of twist and type of cords have been documented. Cords were used to tie the leather shrouds wrapping the dead bodies and to fix these mortuary packages to the wooden biers used to transport them to the burial cave. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 122-130 Issue: 2 Volume: 26 Year: 2021 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1553329 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1553329 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:26:y:2021:i:2:p:122-130 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yolanda Carrión Marco Author-X-Name-First: Yolanda Author-X-Name-Last: Carrión Marco Author-Name: Paloma Vidal-Matutano Author-X-Name-First: Paloma Author-X-Name-Last: Vidal-Matutano Author-Name: Jacob Morales Author-X-Name-First: Jacob Author-X-Name-Last: Morales Author-Name: Pedro Henríquez Valido Author-X-Name-First: Pedro Author-X-Name-Last: Henríquez Valido Author-Name: Alessandro Potì Author-X-Name-First: Alessandro Author-X-Name-Last: Potì Author-Name: Martin Kehl Author-X-Name-First: Martin Author-X-Name-Last: Kehl Author-Name: Jörg Linstädter Author-X-Name-First: Jörg Author-X-Name-Last: Linstädter Author-Name: Gerd-Christian Weniger Author-X-Name-First: Gerd-Christian Author-X-Name-Last: Weniger Author-Name: Abdeslam Mikdad Author-X-Name-First: Abdeslam Author-X-Name-Last: Mikdad Title: Late Glacial Landscape Dynamics Based on Macrobotanical Data: Evidence From Ifri El Baroud (NE Morocco) Abstract: The site of Ifri El Baroud has one of the longest sequences excavated in recent times in NE Morocco, covering a chronology of ca. 23–13 ka cal BP. The sequence includes Early and Late Iberomaurusian levels and offers the possibility of investigating the economic, social and environmental processes that took place during this period. In this paper we present the results of the charcoal analysis carried out at the site with the aim of reconstructing environmental alterations and changes in the use of forest resources between the LGM and the end of the Pleistocene. These results form part of multidisciplinary studies aimed at revealing the role of climatic and environmental changes in the great cultural transitions of the Late Palaeolithic. The results of the charcoal analysis show continuous exploitation of Juniperus/Tetraclinis formations throughout the sequence, so they must have been a fundamental part of the area’s landscape. These data indicate that the climatic changes occurred during the study period, and according with other environmental proxies, did not have a very significant impact on the woody vegetation of the region. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 131-145 Issue: 2 Volume: 26 Year: 2021 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1538088 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1538088 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:26:y:2021:i:2:p:131-145 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nicolas Bermeo Author-X-Name-First: Nicolas Author-X-Name-Last: Bermeo Author-Name: Michelle Elliott Author-X-Name-First: Michelle Author-X-Name-Last: Elliott Author-Name: Nicolas Goepfert Author-X-Name-First: Nicolas Author-X-Name-Last: Goepfert Author-Name: Belkys Gutiérrez León Author-X-Name-First: Belkys Author-X-Name-Last: Gutiérrez León Author-Name: Vásquez Sánchez Segundo Author-X-Name-First: Vásquez Sánchez Author-X-Name-Last: Segundo Title: First Contributions of Charcoal Analysis to the Study of the Specialised Fishing Site of Bayovar-01 (5th–8th Centuries AD), Extreme Northern Coast of Peru Abstract: Recent archaeological excavations carried out at the site of Bayovar-01 (occupied from the 5th to 8th centuries AD) in the Sechura Desert provide new data on the activities and adaptations of the desert’s ancient inhabitants. The presence of two small structures, a large activity area containing a significant amount of fish remains and traces of large hearths, indicate that Bayovar-01 was an opportunistic settlement, benefitting from favourable environmental conditions and serving as a specialised site for fishing and the preparation of fish. The analysis of charcoal remains from features corresponding to large hearth remains sheds light on practices of firewood gathering and usage. Taxonomic and morphological analyses reveal strong preferences for certain taxa, possible gathering strategies combining dead wood collection and tree felling, the usage of several different tree parts, and consistent combustion conditions across the processing features. Despite selection biases, taxa composition suggests the existence of different environmental conditions in the desert in the past, related to the presence of a palaeo-lagoon. Anthracological analysis thus has a potential that exceeds mere taxonomic identification of firewood, revealing gathering and usage practices, as well as insights into taxa availability that have implications for ecological and environmental variations. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 146-158 Issue: 2 Volume: 26 Year: 2021 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1563981 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1563981 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:26:y:2021:i:2:p:146-158 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Claire Delhon Author-X-Name-First: Claire Author-X-Name-Last: Delhon Title: Is Choice Acceptable? How the Anthracological Paradigm May Hinder the Consideration of Fuel Gathering as a Cultural Behaviour Abstract: Charcoal analysis is a powerful and well-established means of documenting past environments and the impact of ancient societies on vegetation. Nowadays, the palaeoecological accuracy of anthracological spectra built from scattered charcoal derived from long-term use of domestic fuel is widely acknowledged. This broadly accepted paradigm relies on the hypothesis that firewood gathering is done following the Least Effort Principle, in areas frequented for routine activities, and may include any species encountered therein. Nevertheless, ethnographic studies, despite the fact that they often underline the opportunistic aspects of wood gathering, always reveal that choice comes into play at some stage of the process. Moreover, most anthracologists think in terms of ‘fuel management’, admitting that firewood gathering is subject to technical, economic and cultural prescriptions. For historical times and specialised activities, we easily accept that fuel may be chosen according to various properties, including species. However, we still deny that prehistoric societies potentially preferred or rejected certain wood species for feeding their domestic fires. Through concrete ethnographic and archaeobotanical examples and a case-study, this paper aims to question our capacity to consider that fuel procurement could be affected by cultural traits, to identify the behaviours that could make the charcoal record differ from the vegetation and, finally, to consider charcoal assemblages from an anthropological angle. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 159-167 Issue: 2 Volume: 26 Year: 2021 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1522783 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1522783 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:26:y:2021:i:2:p:159-167 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Koen Deforce Author-X-Name-First: Koen Author-X-Name-Last: Deforce Author-Name: Bart Vanmontfort Author-X-Name-First: Bart Author-X-Name-Last: Vanmontfort Author-Name: Kris Vandekerkhove Author-X-Name-First: Kris Author-X-Name-Last: Vandekerkhove Title: Early and High Medieval (c. 650 AD–1250 AD) Charcoal Production and Its Impact on Woodland Composition in the Northwest-European Lowland: A Study of Charcoal Pit Kilns from Sterrebeek (Central Belgium) Abstract: The study of charcoal production pits (pit kilns), excavated in central Belgium, provides information on Early and High Medieval woodland dynamics and human impact on the forest composition in the Northwest-European Lowland. Radiocarbon dating of charcoal recovered from the kilns demonstrates two different phases of charcoal production, one during the Early Medieval period (c. 650 AD–950 AD) and one during the High Medieval period (c. 1040 AD–1260 AD). Charcoal identification shows that the Early Medieval kilns are dominated by beech (Fagus sylvatica) while the younger kilns are dominated by oak (Quercus sp.), indicating a shift in woodland composition. This shift is likely to be a consequence of the earliest charcoal production activities, which resulted in the degradation of the primeval beech-dominated forest to a secondary forest dominated by oak, and intermixed with other more light-demanding taxa. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 168-178 Issue: 2 Volume: 26 Year: 2021 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1538087 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1538087 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:26:y:2021:i:2:p:168-178 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Raquel Piqué Author-X-Name-First: Raquel Author-X-Name-Last: Piqué Author-Name: Núria Morera Author-X-Name-First: Núria Author-X-Name-Last: Morera Author-Name: Jordi Revelles Author-X-Name-First: Jordi Author-X-Name-Last: Revelles Author-Name: Eva Castells Author-X-Name-First: Eva Author-X-Name-Last: Castells Author-Name: Oriol López-Bultó Author-X-Name-First: Oriol Author-X-Name-Last: López-Bultó Author-Name: Anna Franch Author-X-Name-First: Anna Author-X-Name-Last: Franch Author-Name: Francesc Burjachs Author-X-Name-First: Francesc Author-X-Name-Last: Burjachs Title: The Distribution and Use of Box (Buxus sempervirens L.) in the Northeastern Iberian Peninsula During the Holocene Abstract: The aim of this paper is to evaluate the distribution of box (Buxus sempervirens L.) in the Holocene vegetation of NE Spain and its use during prehistory. The scarcity of box in pollen records contrasts with the frequent presence of box charcoal at archaeological sites in the north-eastern Iberian Peninsula. Box charcoal has been documented in 41 Holocene sites, indicating its systematic use as firewood. To date, wooden artefacts have only been documented at La Draga, an early Neolithic site (5324–4977 cal BC) located on the shore of Lake Banyoles (Spain). The abundance of B. sempervirens among the artefacts is remarkable, with 85 out of 155 objects made from this wood, including sickle handles, digging sticks, wedges, adze handles, needles, combs and other objects of unknown function. The evaluation of B. sempervirens charcoal and pollen data from different Holocene sites, and the evidence of its use for the manufacture of objects, demonstrate the importance of this species for prehistoric societies. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 179-191 Issue: 2 Volume: 26 Year: 2021 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1515054 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1515054 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:26:y:2021:i:2:p:179-191 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: María Martín-Seijo Author-X-Name-First: María Author-X-Name-Last: Martín-Seijo Author-Name: Miguel Sartal Lorenzo Author-X-Name-First: Miguel Author-X-Name-Last: Sartal Lorenzo Author-Name: Joeri Kaal Author-X-Name-First: Joeri Author-X-Name-Last: Kaal Author-Name: Andrés Teira-Brión Author-X-Name-First: Andrés Author-X-Name-Last: Teira-Brión Title: A Multi-Disciplinary Study of Woodcrafts and Plant Remains that Reveals the History of Pontevedra’s Harbour (Northwest Iberia) Between the 13th and 19th Centuries AD Abstract: Waterlogged woodcrafts and other plant remains were recovered at 65 Arcebispo Malvar Street (Pontevedra, Spain) from contexts from the 13th to 19th centuries AD, although most of the artefacts were concentrated in accumulations of organic remains dating to the 15th century AD. The site is located close to the Pontevedra’s harbour and wooden dock. Plant-based crafts and other organic remains were classified into five groups: timbers, containers, personal items, fishing implements, and miscellaneous artefacts. The great majority of items are related to timber building or even shipbuilding, including planks, beams, posts, stakes, pegs, trenails and wedges. Other objects, such as a plate/lid, a basket, a cup, stave-built containers, and combs, provide information about day-to-day life, trade, fishing activities, etc. The timber assemblage offers a unique opportunity to expand our knowledge about wood-working techniques and the selection of raw materials from the Middle Ages onwards, complementing the information already known from written sources. In addition, the identification of an oar made of Fagus sylvatica verifies the written evidence of their importation from other areas of the Iberian Peninsula, while the identification of a cup made from a coconut shell suggests the arrival of objects from tropical areas. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 192-208 Issue: 2 Volume: 26 Year: 2021 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1522782 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1522782 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:26:y:2021:i:2:p:192-208 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elie Pinta Author-X-Name-First: Elie Author-X-Name-Last: Pinta Title: Norse Management of Wooden Resources across the North Atlantic: Highlights from the Norse Greenlandic Settlements Abstract: Trees and timber are of great importance in many cultures across the globe, whether used as a construction material, as a fuel source, or for making tools and items of everyday life. This was also true in medieval Norse communities, resulting in the presence of considerable amounts of wooden artifacts and raw materials in sites across the North Atlantic. Because of a limited or even sometimes nonexistent timber supply, the Norse needed to rely on external wood sources, drifted or imported wood, for their everyday needs. Following the recent work of researchers in Iceland and the Faroe Islands, this paper presents results obtained from 710 artifacts distributed across seven sites in the Eastern and Western Settlements of medieval Greenland. Taxa identification is used first not only to discuss the strategies of wood exploitation by the Norse but also to give insights into the provenance of wooden materials. These, then, contribute to our understanding of timber management, human-environmental relations and mobility across the North Atlantic. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 209-221 Issue: 2 Volume: 26 Year: 2021 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1547510 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1547510 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:26:y:2021:i:2:p:209-221 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Robertson Author-X-Name-First: J. Author-X-Name-Last: Robertson Author-Name: L. M. Roy Author-X-Name-First: L. M. Author-X-Name-Last: Roy Title: A Scottish Iron Age Wetland Village Built from Nature’s Bounty: Understanding the Formation of Plant Litter Floors Abstract: The ongoing excavations at Black Loch of Myrton in south-west Scotland have revealed the existence of an Iron Age wetland village, preserved through both waterlogging and charring. Of particular interest is a single roundhouse (Structure 2) from which a large macroplant assemblage has been recovered. Dendrochronology and radiocarbon dating have revealed that this roundhouse was in use from 435 BC for approximately 30–40 years. However, very few artefacts were found within the structure and its function remains unclear. By employing a range of sampling techniques and analytical methods to study the macroplant assemblage, it has been possible to more fully understand the role of plant material in the construction and development of this building. Analyses undertaken at both the macro and micro scales, coupled with excavation of stratigraphically distinct floor layers observed within monolith samples, have allowed for identification and arrangement of the plant materials used for construction and as floor coverings. In addition, differential activity areas within the roundhouse have been identified. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 222-237 Issue: 2 Volume: 26 Year: 2021 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2019.1618650 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2019.1618650 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:26:y:2021:i:2:p:222-237 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dawn Elise Mooney Author-X-Name-First: Dawn Elise Author-X-Name-Last: Mooney Title: Charred Fucus-Type Seaweed in the North Atlantic: A Survey of Finds and Potential Uses Abstract: Seaweed forms an important element of diet in many parts of the world and has a wide variety of other uses due to its high mineral content. However, while seaweed remains are relatively frequently reported from archaeological contexts, its use in the past in northern Europe is little understood. Over the past two decades, charred remains of Fucus-type seaweed have been recovered from excavations of sites in Scandinavia and the North Atlantic mostly dated from the Iron Age to the Early Medieval period. At some locations charred seaweed appears to be associated with industry, such as the ironworking sites of Vatnsfjörður and Lækjargata 10–12 in Iceland, and the silversmithing site of Sømme in southwestern Norway. At others charred seaweed finds have been variously interpreted as being related to the preservation of food, agriculture, and textile processing. Furthermore, ethnohistoric evidence documents burnt seaweed being used as fertiliser in arable fields, and seaweed ash is also known to have been historically used in glass manufacture. This paper examines how archaeologists can recover, recognise and interpret charred seaweed remains from archaeological sites, with a particular focus on finds from Iceland. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 238-250 Issue: 2 Volume: 26 Year: 2021 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1558805 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1558805 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:26:y:2021:i:2:p:238-250 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Llorenç Picornell-Gelabert Author-X-Name-First: Llorenç Author-X-Name-Last: Picornell-Gelabert Author-Name: Alexa Dufraisse Author-X-Name-First: Alexa Author-X-Name-Last: Dufraisse Title: Wood for Building: Woodland Exploitation for Timber Procurement in the Prehistoric and Protohistoric Balearic Islands (Mallorca and Menorca; Western Mediterranean) Abstract: Woodlands provide human societies with a wide range of plant materials that are crucial to social life. Wood fulfils different kinds of needs, from energy supply to timber; so its use in a large variety of socio-economic activities makes it an essential plant material. This continued material interaction between people and trees in the past left behind an archaeological record that constitutes a primary source of information with which to study human-environment interactions. In this article we investigate wood supplies used as timber in prehistoric and protohistoric Mallorca and Menorca. Both direct and indirect timber evidence from Bronze and Iron Age sites are analysed. Timber remains were found at seven sites and were taxonomically identified and, when possible, their morphological characteristics were recorded and analysed. Moreover, we conduct a dendro-anthracological study of Pinus halepensis charcoal fragments from two different buildings in order to (i) infer the diameters of the pine wood used and (ii) characterise and compare the two basic uses of pine - firewood and timber. The sites considered are of a varied nature and include monumental architecture (navetiforms and talaiots), thus offering a good context from which to approach timber procurement and humanwoodland interactions. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 251-266 Issue: 2 Volume: 26 Year: 2021 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1521086 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1521086 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:26:y:2021:i:2:p:251-266 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aurélie Salavert Author-X-Name-First: Aurélie Author-X-Name-Last: Salavert Author-Name: Emilie Gouriveau Author-X-Name-First: Emilie Author-X-Name-Last: Gouriveau Author-Name: Erwan Messager Author-X-Name-First: Erwan Author-X-Name-Last: Messager Author-Name: Vincent Lebreton Author-X-Name-First: Vincent Author-X-Name-Last: Lebreton Author-Name: Dmytro Kiosak Author-X-Name-First: Dmytro Author-X-Name-Last: Kiosak Title: Multi-proxy Archaeobotanical Analysis from Mesolithic and Early Neolithic Sites in South-west Ukraine Abstract: This paper presents the results of archaeobotanical studies carried out on the Late Mesolithic layer at Melnychna-Krucha (6460–6100 cal BC) and the Linearbandkeramik (LBK) site of Kamyane-Zavallia (5295–4960 cal BC), close to the Southern Bug River. Despite the relatively modest dataset presented in this paper, these preliminary results provide new data for a region where the environmental setting and the uses of plant resources during the Early Atlantic period are poorly understood. The main taxa used for firewood are quite similar at Melnychna-Krucha and Kamyane-Zavallia, although they were occupied 1000 years apart. Fraxinus (ash) and Quercus (oak) dominate both charcoal assemblages. These taxa, as well as Ulmus (elm), could have grown together in the alluvial deciduous forest, probably on the Southern Bug riverbank, close to both sites. Carpinus (hornbean) was present but probably still not abundant around Kamyane-Zavallia at the end of the 6th millennium. Macroremains and phytoliths demonstrate that the plant production economy (cultivation, cereal processing) was well developed and very similar to other European LBK sites. At Melnychna-Krucha, plant macro- and microremains did not indicate a productive subsistence. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 349-362 Issue: 3 Volume: 26 Year: 2021 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2020.1746879 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2020.1746879 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:26:y:2021:i:3:p:349-362 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kali Wade Author-X-Name-First: Kali Author-X-Name-Last: Wade Author-Name: Lisa-Marie Shillito Author-X-Name-First: Lisa-Marie Author-X-Name-Last: Shillito Author-Name: John M. Marston Author-X-Name-First: John M. Author-X-Name-Last: Marston Author-Name: Clive Bonsall Author-X-Name-First: Clive Author-X-Name-Last: Bonsall Title: Assessing the Potential of Phytolith Analysis to Investigate Local Environment and Prehistoric Plant Resource Use in Temperate Regions: A Case Study from Williamson’s Moss, Cumbria, Britain Abstract: The archaeological site of Williamson’s Moss, located in north-west England, was excavated in the 1980s as part of an investigation of the Mesolithic, Neolithic, and Bronze Age populations living around the estuary of the River Esk in Cumbria. Recovery of plant remains was generally low, but bulk sediment samples were collected from different contexts as part of a project archive for future analysis. This paper presents the results of new analyses conducted on these archived samples, carried out to assess whether phytolith analysis could offer additional insights into the local environment and plant use at the site. Whilst the results indicate the presence of a diverse range of phytolith types from both monocotyledon and dicotyledon plants (along with sponge spicules, diatoms and microcharcoal), interpretation of the data is problematic. Comparison with existing palynological and excavation data indicate methodological limitations in using bulk archived samples. Nevertheless, the recovery of abundant microfossil material is encouraging for the emerging field of phytolith studies in temperate environments such as Britain, and suggestions are made regarding future sampling strategies and taphonomic considerations that will reduce problems for future analyses. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 295-308 Issue: 3 Volume: 26 Year: 2021 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2019.1619980 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2019.1619980 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:26:y:2021:i:3:p:295-308 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Loukas Koungoulos Author-X-Name-First: Loukas Author-X-Name-Last: Koungoulos Author-Name: Peter Contos Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Contos Title: Global Expansion of the Australian Biting Louse Heterodoxus spiniger Facilitated by Human Transport of Dog (Canis familiaris), and Implications for Prehistoric Cultural Interaction in Australasia Abstract: For over a century, it has been pondered how the biting louse Heterodoxus spiniger, which evolved on the agile wallaby (Macropus agilis) in Australia/New Guinea, came to be found on domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) throughout much of the world. Various theories suggest that ancient transport of Australian dingoes (Canis dingo), or recent transport of domestic dogs or macropods are responsible for its global distribution. In this paper, we utilise reported museum specimens, entomological surveys and veterinary data to define an updated distribution of this notable ectoparasite, and explore the evidence for transport of its hosts that may be responsible for its dispersal. In the simplest scenario, H. spiniger first transferred from wallaby to dog in prehistoric New Guinea, probably through humans using dogs to hunt wallabies. If the further spread of this species preceded the global connections brought by European colonisation, dogs of Austronesian maritime cultures were the most likely vectors for its further dispersals into Asia, but it probably only arrived in the Americas following European settlement. As ancient specimens are unlikely to be recovered due to poor preservation conditions, a genomic approach should be pursued in further investigation of this species’ history. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 281-294 Issue: 3 Volume: 26 Year: 2021 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2019.1653619 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2019.1653619 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:26:y:2021:i:3:p:281-294 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martti Pärssinen Author-X-Name-First: Martti Author-X-Name-Last: Pärssinen Author-Name: Evandro Ferreira Author-X-Name-First: Evandro Author-X-Name-Last: Ferreira Author-Name: Pirjo Kristiina Virtanen Author-X-Name-First: Pirjo Kristiina Author-X-Name-Last: Virtanen Author-Name: Alceu Ranzi Author-X-Name-First: Alceu Author-X-Name-Last: Ranzi Title: Domestication in Motion: Macrofossils of Pre-Colonial Brazilian Nuts, Palms and Other Amazonian Planted Tree Species Found in the Upper Purus Abstract: Evidence from several earthwork-building societies has recently been discovered in Amazonia that challenges existing theories about precolonial, human-environment interactions. Combining data obtained by plant macrofossil analyses, archaeological excavations, historical sources, and indigenous oral histories, we focus on the pre-colonial sources of subsistence and domestication processes of some tree species. Our study shows that the societies that built geoglyph-type earthworks in southwestern Amazonia harvested and consumed both wild and domesticated palm fruits, Brazil nuts and other identified species in the first millennium of the Common Era. Drawing on theories of human ecology, we argue that in the pre-colonial Amazonian context, plant domestication occurred as complex and nonlinear activities of protecting, supporting, and cultivating. This multifaceted indigenous cultural phenomenon of domestication had an important long lasting impact on Amazonian forest composition, and it is obvious that human and botanical interaction has also led to clear and observable differences in Brazil nuts and some palm fruits compared to their ancestors. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 309-322 Issue: 3 Volume: 26 Year: 2021 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2020.1765295 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2020.1765295 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:26:y:2021:i:3:p:309-322 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Katerina Theodorakopoulou Author-X-Name-First: Katerina Author-X-Name-Last: Theodorakopoulou Author-Name: Konstantinos Kyriakopoulos Author-X-Name-First: Konstantinos Author-X-Name-Last: Kyriakopoulos Author-Name: Constantin D. Athanassas Author-X-Name-First: Constantin D. Author-X-Name-Last: Athanassas Author-Name: Evangelos Galanopoulos Author-X-Name-First: Evangelos Author-X-Name-Last: Galanopoulos Author-Name: George Economou Author-X-Name-First: George Author-X-Name-Last: Economou Author-Name: Yannis Maniatis Author-X-Name-First: Yannis Author-X-Name-Last: Maniatis Author-Name: Athanasios Godelitsas Author-X-Name-First: Athanasios Author-X-Name-Last: Godelitsas Author-Name: Elissavet Dotsika Author-X-Name-First: Elissavet Author-X-Name-Last: Dotsika Author-Name: Fanis Mavridis Author-X-Name-First: Fanis Author-X-Name-Last: Mavridis Author-Name: Andreas Darlas Author-X-Name-First: Andreas Author-X-Name-Last: Darlas Title: First Speleothem Evidence of the Hiera Eruption (197 BC), Santorini, Greece Abstract: Speleothems are useful in detecting past geoenvironmental events. Variations in trace element concentrations may constitute a diagnostic of volcanic eruptions, enabling both dating and environmental impact assessment. This work attempts to detect possible ‘signatures’ of past volcanic eruptions in speleothems from Zoodochos Pigi cave on Santorini. Higher-than-usual concentrations of elements and minerals (e.g. barium and monazite respectively) exotic to typical speleothem chemistry in a band within a flowstone retrieved from the cave were revealed through SEM-EDS and XRD analyses and thought to be of volcanic origin. By chance, charcoal trapped in the said speleothem band allowed dating to establish the timing of the volcanic event. The radiocarbon date pointed towards the historically documented Hiera eruption, the earliest of a series of volcanic eruptions that postdate the Minoan eruption. The Hiera eruption, although less violent than the Minoan eruption, signallised the recrudescence of intracaldera activity which culminated in the formation of Palea Kameni (197 BC) with palpable effects on the regional environment. The interpretation of the results presented here, i.e. geochemical analysis on speleothems and radiocarbon dating, are cross-correlated with the well-documented timeline of eruptions of Santorini and ancient literature. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 336-348 Issue: 3 Volume: 26 Year: 2021 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2020.1755196 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2020.1755196 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:26:y:2021:i:3:p:336-348 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fabio Saccoccio Author-X-Name-First: Fabio Author-X-Name-Last: Saccoccio Title: Crop Field Management and Social Structure at Gricignano d’Aversa (Campanian Plain, Southern Italy) in the Early Bronze Age Abstract: Campanian Plain (southern Italy) mid-late Holocene landscape information is preserved by repeated eruption debris from the Mt Vesuvius volcano and the Campi Flegrei caldera and suggests a long-lasting prehistoric settlement pattern based on extensive plough-based agriculture dating between at least c. the 3rd millennium BC Agnano Monte Spina eruption and the Middle Bronze Age (1620-1430 cal BC) AP2 eruption. This paper discusses the management of the Early Bronze Age field system at Gricignano d’Aversa US Navy base, Caserta province, on the basis of its topography sealed by the Pomici di Avellino eruption debris (1950-1820 cal BC), here reconstructed for the first time, suggesting that the gullies of the field system were designed for drainage. Settlement and funerary evidence, together with local environmental reconstruction and comparison with similar European contexts, are also employed to infer the social arrangement behind the prehistoric Campanian Plain evidence discussed. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 267-280 Issue: 3 Volume: 26 Year: 2021 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2020.1743099 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2020.1743099 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:26:y:2021:i:3:p:267-280 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ramiro Barberena Author-X-Name-First: Ramiro Author-X-Name-Last: Barberena Author-Name: Augusto Tessone Author-X-Name-First: Augusto Author-X-Name-Last: Tessone Author-Name: Mariana Cagnoni Author-X-Name-First: Mariana Author-X-Name-Last: Cagnoni Author-Name: Alejandra Gasco Author-X-Name-First: Alejandra Author-X-Name-Last: Gasco Author-Name: Víctor Durán Author-X-Name-First: Víctor Author-X-Name-Last: Durán Author-Name: Diego Winocur Author-X-Name-First: Diego Author-X-Name-Last: Winocur Author-Name: Anahí Benítez Author-X-Name-First: Anahí Author-X-Name-Last: Benítez Author-Name: Gustavo Lucero Author-X-Name-First: Gustavo Author-X-Name-Last: Lucero Author-Name: Darío Trillas Author-X-Name-First: Darío Author-X-Name-Last: Trillas Author-Name: Inés Zonana Author-X-Name-First: Inés Author-X-Name-Last: Zonana Author-Name: Paula Novellino Author-X-Name-First: Paula Author-X-Name-Last: Novellino Author-Name: Mauricio Fernández Author-X-Name-First: Mauricio Author-X-Name-Last: Fernández Author-Name: Marta A. Bavio Author-X-Name-First: Marta A. Author-X-Name-Last: Bavio Author-Name: Erica Zubillaga Author-X-Name-First: Erica Author-X-Name-Last: Zubillaga Author-Name: Eduardo A. Gautier Author-X-Name-First: Eduardo A. Author-X-Name-Last: Gautier Title: Bioavailable Strontium in the Southern Andes (Argentina and Chile): A Tool for Tracking Human and Animal Movement Abstract: Strontium isotopes allow tracking the scale and pattern of movements of people and animals. With the ultimate goal of reconstructing human mobility in the southern Andes (Argentina and Chile), we present isotopic values for rodent samples selected from the main geological units, thus contributing to building a macro-regional framework of bioavailable strontium. The results show an important variation between geological units with little isotopic overlap between the young western Principal Cordillera (0.70393 ± 0.0005), Eastern Principal Cordillera (0.70563 ± 0.0001), Frontal Cordillera (0.70670 ± 0.00087), and the old Precordillera (0.70946 ± 0.00073) east of the Andes. This substantiates the potential of this approach for archaeological and paleoecological analyses in the southern Andes. We also present the first set of isotopic results for wild and domesticated camelids from the southern Andes, suggesting that home ranges were similar. We reconsider published results for human samples from the last 2000 years in Mendoza Province (Argentina), a period characterised by intense socio-economic change. The observed pattern suggests little systematic human mobility between geological regions across the Andes. While this may not necessarily indicate low mobility, it clearly goes against scenarios of high residential mobility, as suggested on the basis of other isotope systems. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 323-335 Issue: 3 Volume: 26 Year: 2021 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2019.1689894 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2019.1689894 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:26:y:2021:i:3:p:323-335 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yannick Devos Author-X-Name-First: Yannick Author-X-Name-Last: Devos Author-Name: Martin J. Hodson Author-X-Name-First: Martin J. Author-X-Name-Last: Hodson Author-Name: Luc Vrydaghs Author-X-Name-First: Luc Author-X-Name-Last: Vrydaghs Title: Auto-Fluorescent Phytoliths: A New Method for Detecting Heating and Fire Abstract: A range of methods have been applied to identify whether phytoliths have been heated or fired: morphological alterations, changes in colour and opacity, refractive index and Raman spectroscopy. As not all phytoliths seem to be affected in the same way, these methods are obviously limited and none provide satisfactory results for sufficient discrimination between heated/burned and unheated/unburned phytoliths. We surveyed phytoliths in soil thin sections taken from a variety of modern and archaeological contexts in Northern Europe. Newly formed phytoliths are argued to exhibit no auto-fluorescence. Our observations of combustion features and heated material revealed that phytoliths commonly appear to become auto-fluorescent upon heating. This approach, thus, complements previously developed proxies for heating and burning of phytoliths. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 388-405 Issue: 4 Volume: 26 Year: 2021 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2020.1777056 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2020.1777056 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:26:y:2021:i:4:p:388-405 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alex Brown Author-X-Name-First: Alex Author-X-Name-Last: Brown Author-Name: Aleks Pluskowski Author-X-Name-First: Aleks Author-X-Name-Last: Pluskowski Title: Power Centres and Marginal Landscapes: Tracking Pre- and Post-Conquest (Late Iron Age and Medieval) Land-Use in the Cēsis Castle Hinterland, Central Latvia Abstract: During the late Iron Age, the eastern Baltic was inhabited by Finno-Ugric and Baltic speaking societies whose territories were conquered in the thirteenth century as a result of the crusades. This paper examines the degree to which indigenous landscapes were transformed as a result of the crusades, and the evidence for maintenance of indigenous land-use practices. Vegetation and land-use history are reconstructed using palynological data from Cēsis castle and its terriitory. Comparison is made with selected palynological, archaeological and documentary data across Livonia (Latvia and Estonia) and contrasted with the greater impact of the crusades in nearby Prussia. Despite the emergence of key power centres in the medieval period, including towns and castles such as Cēsis, many parts of the rural landscape remained largely unchanged by the crusades, particularly in those more marginal landscapes studied in this paper. Lower intensity land-use can be linked to poor agricultural soils but also reflect the limited colonisation of rural landscapes beyond the major towns and castles. Indigenous societies and practices survived to a greater degree, with later agricultural intensification in the fourteenth century reflecting the increasing political stability, growth of urban centres, establishment of serfdom and the development of the manorial system. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 471-486 Issue: 4 Volume: 26 Year: 2021 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2020.1790082 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2020.1790082 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:26:y:2021:i:4:p:471-486 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Amicone Author-X-Name-First: S. Author-X-Name-Last: Amicone Author-Name: L. F. Morandi Author-X-Name-First: L. F. Author-X-Name-Last: Morandi Author-Name: S. Gur-Arieh Author-X-Name-First: S. Author-X-Name-Last: Gur-Arieh Title: ‘Seeing Shit’: Assessing the Visibility of Dung Tempering in Ancient Pottery Using an Experimental Approach Abstract: Widespread ethnographic evidence exists for the addition of animal dung to clay during the process of ceramic production. However, conclusive evidence of dung tempering in archaeological ceramics is relatively rare. The aim of this study is to ascertain whether, and under which conditions, dung tempering of pottery is identifiable. To answer these questions, we assessed whether a combination of micro-particle analysis in loose sediment and thin-section petrography can reveal the addition of dung to the clay paste by focusing on faecal spherulites, ash pseudomorphs, phytoliths and coprophilous fungal spores. We analysed several series of experimentally produced ceramic briquettes tempered with different types of dung and dung ash, which were fired at a range of increasing temperatures. Our study shows that the identification of dung tempering represents a challenge, and it depends on a number of different factors, among others the original presence of dung markers in the dung used, the manufacturing process, the firing temperatures and the firing atmosphere. Overall, through a multidisciplinary approach, our work clarifies a variety of issues connected to the identification of dung in ancient pottery, highlighting the role of faecal spherulites as the most promising proxy. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 423-438 Issue: 4 Volume: 26 Year: 2021 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2020.1852758 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2020.1852758 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:26:y:2021:i:4:p:423-438 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rowena Y. Banerjea Author-X-Name-First: Rowena Y. Author-X-Name-Last: Banerjea Author-Name: Marta Portillo Author-X-Name-First: Marta Author-X-Name-Last: Portillo Author-Name: Catherine Barnett Author-X-Name-First: Catherine Author-X-Name-Last: Barnett Author-Name: Paul Flintoft Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Flintoft Title: Integrated Microscopy Approaches in Archaeobotany 2: Proceedings of the 2018 and 2019 Workshops, University of Reading, UK Abstract: The collection of papers in this special issue arose from the 2018 and 2019 workshops in Integrated Microscopy Approaches in Archaeobotany (henceforth IMAA), hosted by the University of Reading, UK. The IMAA has an interdisciplinary ethos and not only brings together students and specialists to facilitate cross-sector exchanges of a broad variety of skills, but also the discussions that take place there are driven by a practical microscopy element. The IMAA crosses boundaries between archaeobotany, palaeoecology and wider geoscientific and archaeological specialisms, as well as between professional sectors, which is reflected in the contributions to this special issue. The papers continue to develop our interpretations and understanding of taphonomic processes in archaeobotanical assemblages, with several highlighting the important role ethnoarchaeological and experimental approaches have to play in untangling these complex processes. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 363-366 Issue: 4 Volume: 26 Year: 2021 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2021.1922986 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2021.1922986 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:26:y:2021:i:4:p:363-366 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rowena Y. Banerjea Author-X-Name-First: Rowena Y. Author-X-Name-Last: Banerjea Author-Name: Lionello F. Morandi Author-X-Name-First: Lionello F. Author-X-Name-Last: Morandi Author-Name: Kevin Williams Author-X-Name-First: Kevin Author-X-Name-Last: Williams Author-Name: Richard Brunning Author-X-Name-First: Richard Author-X-Name-Last: Brunning Title: Hidden Husbandry: Disentangling a Disturbed Profile at Beckery Chapel, a Medieval Ecclesiastical Site Near Glastonbury (UK) Abstract: Beckery Chapel, near Glastonbury, is the site which has the earliest scientific dating evidence for monastic life in the UK, and later in the medieval period became a Chapel that played a significant role as a destination for pilgrims, as part of the Glastonbury Abbey estate. The site was previously excavated in the 1880s and the 1960s, and in 2016 the South West Heritage Trust excavated a building, that proved to be an outbuilding used when the medieval chapel was in operation. Soil micromorphological analysis was conducted first to understand the sediments within the profile from this building, which appeared fairly homogenous and bioturbated in the field. It untangled the bioturbation processes and revealed a rare northern European, geoarchaeological example of a livestock enclosure from a dryland context in this temperate environment. The results of our innovative multi-proxy approach highlight the potential and methodological considerations for future studies to integrate micromorphology, palaeoparasitology and mycology to examine animal management on dryland archaeological sites. They increase the knowledge of the economic activities of the ecclesiastical occupation at Beckery, contributing to an enhanced understanding of the Chapel site, its wider landscape and its role as part of the Glastonbury Abbey estate. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 367-387 Issue: 4 Volume: 26 Year: 2021 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2020.1768333 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2020.1768333 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:26:y:2021:i:4:p:367-387 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marta Portillo Author-X-Name-First: Marta Author-X-Name-Last: Portillo Author-Name: Kate Dudgeon Author-X-Name-First: Kate Author-X-Name-Last: Dudgeon Author-Name: Georgia Allistone Author-X-Name-First: Georgia Author-X-Name-Last: Allistone Author-Name: Kamal Raeuf Aziz Author-X-Name-First: Kamal Author-X-Name-Last: Raeuf Aziz Author-Name: Wendy Matthews Author-X-Name-First: Wendy Author-X-Name-Last: Matthews Title: The Taphonomy of Plant and Livestock Dung Microfossils: An Ethnoarchaeological and Experimental Approach Abstract: This study examines the contribution of ethnoarchaeological and experimental research to interdisciplinary approaches on the identification and taphonomy of livestock dung. Ethnographic and experimental records provide comparative reference models on a range of taphonomic issues that are still understudied, such as variation in the type and preservation of plant and faecal microfossils that are excreted with dung and the effects of heating. The focus in the present study is on the taphonomy of ingested phytoliths and calcitic spherulites that originate in the digestive tracts of cattle, sheep and goat found in fresh modern dung pellets. The reported records are from the modern farming village of Bestansur, Iraqi Kurdistan. The experimental results show significant changes in microfossil composition and phytolith and spherulite stability and integrity, with increased melting of phytoliths and variations in morphotype composition (e.g. grass short cells appear less stable) from heating at temperatures around 800°C, whereas the spherulite darkening occurs within a range between 500–700°C, with a maximum production at 650°C. This integrated approach illustrates the contribution of the much-needed ethnographic and experimental records of animal dung to understanding of taphonomic issues, which are fundamental for the interpretation of this valuable microfossil material in archaeology. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 439-454 Issue: 4 Volume: 26 Year: 2021 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2020.1800344 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2020.1800344 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:26:y:2021:i:4:p:439-454 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: María Martín-Seijo Author-X-Name-First: María Author-X-Name-Last: Martín-Seijo Author-Name: Joeri Kaal Author-X-Name-First: Joeri Author-X-Name-Last: Kaal Author-Name: Carlos Mayo Torné Author-X-Name-First: Carlos Mayo Author-X-Name-Last: Torné Author-Name: Julia Mayo Torné Author-X-Name-First: Julia Mayo Author-X-Name-Last: Torné Title: Wood in Pre-Columbian Funerary Rituals: A Case Study from El Caño (Panama, AD 880–1020) Abstract: This research presents for the first time a comprehensive study of charcoal directly related to the multiple burials interred in Tomb 2 of El Caño (Coclé province, Panama). This funerary context, which dates to between AD 880 to AD 1020, contained three different burial levels accompanied by substantial ceramic offerings and rich mortuary assemblages. The challenge of taxonomically identifying charcoal from tropical areas was addressed by combining standard procedures in tandem with chemical analysis (Py-GC-MS) of archaeological charcoal and fresh wood from the reference collection. Nine charcoal types were identified at the genus level: Avicennia spp., Rhizophora spp., Handranthus/Tabebuia, cf. Copaifera spp., Inga spp., Guettarda spp., Roupala spp., Allophylus spp. and cf. Ryania spp. Charcoal of cf. Copaifera spp., Roupala spp., Guettarda spp., and probably Handroanthus/Tabebuia might be related to their use as firewood for producing smoke. The presence of Copaifera and Roupala indicates the selection of odorous woods for burning in the sahumerios. Diverse habitats, such as coastal mangroves, riverine and dry forests, were exploited to obtain wood, highlighting the complex management of wild plant resources developed by the hierarchical societies of the Isthmo-Colombian area. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 406-422 Issue: 4 Volume: 26 Year: 2021 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2020.1829301 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2020.1829301 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:26:y:2021:i:4:p:406-422 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marta Portillo Author-X-Name-First: Marta Author-X-Name-Last: Portillo Author-Name: Jacob Morales Author-X-Name-First: Jacob Author-X-Name-Last: Morales Author-Name: Yolanda Carrión Marco Author-X-Name-First: Yolanda Carrión Author-X-Name-Last: Marco Author-Name: Nabiha Aouadi Author-X-Name-First: Nabiha Author-X-Name-Last: Aouadi Author-Name: Giulio Lucarini Author-X-Name-First: Giulio Author-X-Name-Last: Lucarini Author-Name: Lotfi Belhouchet Author-X-Name-First: Lotfi Author-X-Name-Last: Belhouchet Author-Name: Alfredo Coppa Author-X-Name-First: Alfredo Author-X-Name-Last: Coppa Author-Name: Leonor Peña-Chocarro Author-X-Name-First: Leonor Author-X-Name-Last: Peña-Chocarro Title: Changing Plant-based Subsistence Practices among Early and Middle Holocene Communities in Eastern Maghreb Abstract: The eastern Maghreb is a key area for understanding environmental and cultural dynamics during the early and middle Holocene. Capsian populations from around 10000–7500 cal BP were among the last foragers in the region. Capsian sites are known as escargotières (land shell middens), and locally called rammadiyat (meaning ashy mound). As taphonomic conditions in Capsian open-air sites generally favour the preservation of resistant materials such as shells and bones rather than fragile plant remains, this study integrates macro-botanical and microfossil evidence from phytoliths, calcitic wood ash pseudomorphs and dung spherulites, since each is influenced by different formation and post-depositional processes. Archaeobotanical results from recent excavations in four Tunisian sites located across the lowland steppe, the Dorsale Mountains and the eastern coast display a wide range of wild plant resources, such as pine, oak, wild legumes, and grasses, in particular Alfa grass. These findings suggest that these plants could have played an important role in Capsian diet, whereas the presence of Alfa grass suggests the use of fibre sources for basketry, matting, building and fuel. Integrated macro-botanical and microfossil records contribute to a better understanding of changing subsistence practices on the threshold of early food-producing systems in north-west Africa. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 455-470 Issue: 4 Volume: 26 Year: 2021 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2020.1829298 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2020.1829298 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:26:y:2021:i:4:p:455-470 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Filippo Brandolini Author-X-Name-First: Filippo Author-X-Name-Last: Brandolini Author-Name: Francesco Carrer Author-X-Name-First: Francesco Author-X-Name-Last: Carrer Title: Terra, Silva et Paludes. Assessing the Role of Alluvial Geomorphology for Late-Holocene Settlement Strategies (Po Plain – N Italy) Through Point Pattern Analysis Abstract: Fluvial environments represent complex human-water systems, as floodplains have always been among the most suitable environments for human subsistence. In this paper, we present one of the first attempts to investigate human adaptation to fluvial environments in the past using spatial statistics (Point Pattern Analysis). In particular, the paper addresses the influence of alluvial geomorphology on the settlement strategies in the Po plain (Northern Italy) during the Roman and the Medieval Period. The transition from Roman to the Middle Ages represented a crucial phase for the reorganisation of human settlement strategies in the Po Valley. The collapse of Roman hydrological systems in association with a cooling climate phase triggered waterlogging process in a large portion of the farmland: swamps became the typical features of the Medieval landscape. This paper aims to assess if the different water management strategies in the Roman and Medieval periods influenced the spatial distribution of sites, and to evaluate the relative importance of agricultural suitability over flood risks in the two historical phases. This research contributes to quantifying how the socio-political factors of past societies played a key role in human resilience to geomorphological hazards related to alluvial contexts and exceptional floods triggered by climate changes. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 511-525 Issue: 5 Volume: 26 Year: 2021 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2020.1740866 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2020.1740866 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:26:y:2021:i:5:p:511-525 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thomas Walker Author-X-Name-First: Thomas Author-X-Name-Last: Walker Author-Name: Janet Ridout Sharpe Author-X-Name-First: Janet Ridout Author-X-Name-Last: Sharpe Author-Name: Hazel Williams Author-X-Name-First: Hazel Author-X-Name-Last: Williams Title: Barn Owls and Black Rats from a Rural Roman Villa at Gatehampton, South Oxfordshire Abstract: A large assemblage of small mammal and other small vertebrate bones was excavated within a relatively small area of a single room in a Roman villa close to the River Thames in South Oxfordshire. It is argued that these bones are the remains of barn owl pellets and that their presence shows that the roof on this room at least had remained intact for some time after either the entire building or this particular part of it had been abandoned as human habitation. The remains of several juvenile black rats were contained within the assemblage, making this the first record of black rats from a rural Romano-British setting in Oxfordshire and adding to the extremely small corpus of records of this species from a non-urban location anywhere in the country. Radiocarbon dates place the presence of rats and the abandonment of the villa during the second half of the fourth century. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 487-496 Issue: 5 Volume: 26 Year: 2021 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2019.1689805 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2019.1689805 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:26:y:2021:i:5:p:487-496 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tansy L. Branscombe Author-X-Name-First: Tansy L. Author-X-Name-Last: Branscombe Author-Name: Marjolein. D. Bosch Author-X-Name-First: Marjolein. D. Author-X-Name-Last: Bosch Author-Name: Preston T. Miracle Author-X-Name-First: Preston T. Author-X-Name-Last: Miracle Title: Seasonal Shellfishing across the East Adriatic Mesolithic-Neolithic Transition: Oxygen Isotope Analysis of Phorcus turbinatus from Vela Spila (Croatia) Abstract: The Mesolithic-Neolithic transition is a classic topic of archaeological discussion, and the East Adriatic is of particular interest as a gateway region for agriculture entering Europe from the Near East. Neolithisation along the East Adriatic coast has been characterised as a two-wave process of leap-frog demographic replacement along the Dalmatian coast, followed by a longer process of acculturation further inland. Research on this transition primarily addresses the arrival of Neolithic technology and domesticates, but the view from ‘traditionally Mesolithic’ activities can provide an alternative perspective. This pilot study highlights one such practice, identifying changes in the seasonality of shellfish gathering over the Neolithic transition using material from Vela Spila, Korčula (Croatia). Specimens of the gastropod Phorcus turbinatus from across this transition were assessed using oxygen isotope analysis. Results showed a focus on summer and autumn collection during the Mesolithic, which then shifted to autumn and winter in the Neolithic. These results indicate differences in shellfish gathering and exploitation across the Neolithic transition, and implications for the demographic transition and human-environment interactions are discussed. Shellfishing in the East Adriatic is identified as an area of Neolithisation rather than Mesolithic continuity. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 497-510 Issue: 5 Volume: 26 Year: 2021 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2020.1721695 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2020.1721695 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:26:y:2021:i:5:p:497-510 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lembi Lõugas Author-X-Name-First: Lembi Author-X-Name-Last: Lõugas Author-Name: Auli Bläuer Author-X-Name-First: Auli Author-X-Name-Last: Bläuer Title: Detecting Medieval Foodways in the North-eastern Baltic: Fish Consumption and Trade in Towns and Monasteries of Finland and Estonia Abstract: The beginning of commercial fishing in and around the North Sea is dated to ca. AD 1000, but it only reached the north-eastern Baltic with the Danish and Swedish colonists at the beginning of the 13th century. Their arrival changed the market and also the demand for seafood amongst locals. In this article, the foodways of fish resources, namely the production and consumption of fish, are examined for the medieval period, i.e. the 13th-16th century, in Estonia and Finland. The archaeological material excavated from medieval towns (Turku, Tallinn and Pärnu) and monastic sites (Rauma, Naantali and Padise) is compared in order to ascertain similarities and/or differences in fish processing, consumption and trade. In addition, a 14th-century shipwreck find from Kadriorg, Tallinn, provides unique evidence of fish trade in situ. The processing and consumption of fish are studied through the anatomical distribution of head vs. trunk bones in the zooarchaeological record, which reflects the final product. Thus, preparing and curing fish for trade affects the proportion of skeletal elements present in the final fish product, and thus in the zooarchaeological record. We detected different categories of foodways in our study material: local consumption, products of fresh and preserved fish, fish trade,and local and imported fish. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 543-554 Issue: 6 Volume: 26 Year: 2021 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2020.1758993 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2020.1758993 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:26:y:2021:i:6:p:543-554 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laura Alfonsina Chang-Martínez Author-X-Name-First: Laura Alfonsina Author-X-Name-Last: Chang-Martínez Author-Name: Jean-François Mas Author-X-Name-First: Jean-François Author-X-Name-Last: Mas Title: Simulation of Land Use/Cover Change in the Kingdom of Calakmul During the Late Classic Period (AD 600–900) Abstract: Spatio-temporal modelling of land use allows an analysis of change considering socio-economic, ecological and biophysical factors. We developed a ‘spatially explicit’ model to simulate land use/cover change in the Calakmul realm during the Late Classic period, taking into account the relationship between population density, agriculture strategies and erosion and drought. Different scenarios were simulated, combining agricultural systems, patterns of distribution of settlements, population densities and rainfall variability. The models showed that scenarios based on slash-and-burn agriculture only exhibit a collapse, with population densities much lower than those widely accepted by archaeologists. The simulation that implements a combination of slash-and-burn and intensive agriculture presents a population collapse around AD 860 in concordance with the records of the abandonment of the Maya Lowlands by the Terminal Classic. Spatially explicit land change models can be useful in reconstructing past environmental conditions and understanding the role of management practices and environmental change in the successes and failures of past societies. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 526-542 Issue: 6 Volume: 26 Year: 2021 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2020.1803013 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2020.1803013 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:26:y:2021:i:6:p:526-542 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Madeleine McLeester Author-X-Name-First: Madeleine Author-X-Name-Last: McLeester Author-Name: Mark Schurr Author-X-Name-First: Mark Author-X-Name-Last: Schurr Title: Paleoclimate of the Little Ice Age to the Present in the Kankakee Valley of Illinois and Indiana, USA Based on 18O/16O Isotope Ratios of Freshwater Shells Abstract: The cooling associated with the Little Ice Age (LIA) had differential severity across the globe. Within the American Midwest, the local impacts of this cooling have not been established. Our purpose here is to determine its local effects and establish the impacts on the environment encountered at a seventeenth century Native American village in Illinois, USA. We obtained oxygen and carbon stable isotope ratios of freshwater mussel shells from this early seventeenth century site, occupied during one of the coldest periods of the LIA. These data were compared to the oxygen and carbon ratios of freshwater shells from a nineteenth century cabin as well as modern shells. Results demonstrate that shell stable oxygen isotopes capture environmental conditions at the three sites and suggest more arid conditions during the LIA and increased precipitation into the present. Findings also may capture the extensive alteration of the Kankakee region’s drainage between the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as well as contemporary global warming. Overall, this study illustrates the value of archaeological data to past and contemporary climate studies. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 555-566 Issue: 6 Volume: 26 Year: 2021 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2020.1849487 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2020.1849487 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:26:y:2021:i:6:p:555-566 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: The Editors Title: Correction Abstract: The beginning of commercial fishing in and around the North Sea is dated to ca. AD 1000, but it only reached the north-eastern Baltic with the Danish and Swedish colonists at the beginning of the 13th century. Their arrival changed the market and also the demand for seafood amongst locals. In this article, the foodways of fish resources, namely the production and consumption of fish, are examined for the medieval period, i.e. the 13th–16th century, in Estonia and Finland. The archaeological material excavated from medieval towns (Turku, Tallinn and Pärnu) and monastic sites (Rauma, Naantali and Padise) is compared in order to ascertain similarities and/or differences in fish processing, consumption and trade. In addition, a 14th-century shipwreck find from Kadriorg, Tallinn, provides unique evidence of fish trade in situ. The processing and consumption of fish are studied through the anatomical distribution of head vs. trunk bones in the zooarchaeological record, which reflects the final product. Thus, preparing and curing fish for trade affects the proportion of skeletal elements present in the final fish product, and thus in the zooarchaeological record. We detected different categories of foodways in our study material: local consumption, products of fresh and preserved fish, fish trade, and local and imported fish. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 567-567 Issue: 6 Volume: 26 Year: 2021 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2020.1779463 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2020.1779463 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:26:y:2021:i:6:p:567-567 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Emilie Sibbesson Author-X-Name-First: Emilie Author-X-Name-Last: Sibbesson Title: Reclaiming the Rotten: Understanding Food Fermentation in the Neolithic and Beyond Abstract: People have harnessed beneficial microbes to preserve, protect, and improve food for thousands of years. However, the significance and techniques of food fermentation are poorly understood in prehistoric archaeology. This paper explains what food fermentation is and discusses its relevance in an early farming context. It sets out the beginnings of a theoretical and material framework that can be drawn upon for further study of this crucial but overlooked aspect of prehistoric food cultures. Focus is on the British Neolithic, but the central concepts are applicable in other periods and places. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 111-122 Issue: 1 Volume: 27 Year: 2022 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1563374 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1563374 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:27:y:2022:i:1:p:111-122 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christine Fuchs-Khakhar Author-X-Name-First: Christine Author-X-Name-Last: Fuchs-Khakhar Title: Home is Where the Hearth is: What a Multi-scalar Approach to Fireplaces from Çatalhöyük, Turkey, Can Reveal About Cooking Practices in Neolithic Households Abstract: This study investigates fireplaces in the Neolithic settlement of Çatalhöyük in Anatolia, Turkey (levels South L–S and 4040 G–H, 6700–6100 BC). Taking a holistic view with a contextual, multi-scalar approach, I consider spatial and temporal dimensions: Large-scale landscape resources and small-scale material assemblages associated with food processing provide the context for the fireplaces, and I observe the changes over the long-term, the 600 years of my study, and the short-term impact of daily practice. Firstly, I determine the criteria for identifying different types of fireplaces, their practical function and uses. I then look at the construction of ovens and hearths in Çatalhöyük and their internal and external locations. I find individual variations between households and alterations over time and challenge interpretations that emphasise uniformity and seek trends and a grand narrative of symbolic meaning in the fireplaces. I find the abandonment of fireplaces is mainly guided by practical considerations, while the few symbolic deposits suggest the importance given to food preparation. I argue that not only natural resources and culture, but also daily practice impacts on landscape, architectural features and artefacts. I conclude that fire installations enabled households to be self-sufficient and therefore ovens and hearths had special significance. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 93-110 Issue: 1 Volume: 27 Year: 2022 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1550950 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1550950 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:27:y:2022:i:1:p:93-110 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amy K. Styring Author-X-Name-First: Amy K. Author-X-Name-Last: Styring Author-Name: Corina Knipper Author-X-Name-First: Corina Author-X-Name-Last: Knipper Author-Name: Nils Müller-Scheeßel Author-X-Name-First: Nils Author-X-Name-Last: Müller-Scheeßel Author-Name: Gisela Grupe Author-X-Name-First: Gisela Author-X-Name-Last: Grupe Author-Name: Amy Bogaard Author-X-Name-First: Amy Author-X-Name-Last: Bogaard Title: The Proof is in the Pudding: Crop Isotope Analysis Provides Direct Insights into Agricultural Production and Consumption Abstract: Stable isotope analysis of crop remains complements conventional isotope analysis of human and faunal bones, permitting a more holistic insight into subsistence practices in the past. Here, we demonstrate the insights that can be gained from crop isotope analysis by synthesising crop, faunal and human isotopic data from Linearbandkeramik villages, Late Neolithic lakeshore settlements and Early Iron Age sites in southwest Germany. As well as demonstrating the central role that plants played in the human diet, extensive stable isotope analysis of crop remains provides evidence for a strong interrelationship between crop production and consumption practices, which often belies a purely ecological motivation behind the differential treatment of crops. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 61-72 Issue: 1 Volume: 27 Year: 2022 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1497832 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1497832 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:27:y:2022:i:1:p:61-72 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Seren Griffiths Author-X-Name-First: Seren Author-X-Name-Last: Griffiths Title: A Cereal Problem? What the Current Chronology of Early Cereal Domesticates Might Tell Us About Changes in Late Fifth and Early Fourth Millennium cal BC Ireland and Britain Abstract: In the years since the last volume on plant domesticates in Ireland and Britain in the fourth millennium cal BC, a number of significant changes have occurred in archaeological practice. These have included the routine application of a range of archaeological science techniques, including Bayesian statistical modelling. This paper will present a new analysis of radiocarbon results from direct measurements on domesticated plant remains from Ireland and Britain to explore what these can tell us about the nature of the changes in the archaeological record at this time. Cereals may appear after the introduction of practices including monuments in the form of causewayed enclosures, tombs and post-and-slot-built structures, in several regions. This approach unpacks the ‘Neolithic package’, by comparing direct estimates on plant domesticates with the appearance of other forms of material culture and new site types. As well as allowing us to examine the fine-grained nature of changes, developments in chronological modelling should cause us to re-examine how useful our existing terms of engagement are; we need to think not only about the changes we can produce in the sequence of archaeological knowledge, but also in the structure of it. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 73-79 Issue: 1 Volume: 27 Year: 2022 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1529945 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1529945 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:27:y:2022:i:1:p:73-79 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vicki Cummings Author-X-Name-First: Vicki Author-X-Name-Last: Cummings Author-Name: James Morris Author-X-Name-First: James Author-X-Name-Last: Morris Title: Neolithic Explanations Revisited: Modelling the Arrival and Spread of Domesticated Cattle into Neolithic Britain Abstract: Set against the new chronological framework for the introduction and spread of the Neolithic into Britain this paper considers the logistics of introducing domestic cattle from continental Europe. Cattle were the most extensively utilised domestic animal at the start of the Neolithic and understanding the processes behind their introduction is critical for exploring early Neolithic farming systems. We begin by exploring the realities of creating a viable new animal population and then moving that population to Britain across the water from Continental Europe. Using a series of simulated models we demonstrate that only a very small number of cattle need to have been introduced into Britain in order to enable the uptake and spread of domestic cattle across the whole island. This, in turn, may effect how we consider the mechanisms involved in the adoption of the Neolithic, and can better inform our understanding of the kinds of processes involved in the transition to the Neolithic. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 20-30 Issue: 1 Volume: 27 Year: 2022 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1536498 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1536498 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:27:y:2022:i:1:p:20-30 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jessica Smyth Author-X-Name-First: Jessica Author-X-Name-Last: Smyth Author-Name: Rosalind Gillis Author-X-Name-First: Rosalind Author-X-Name-Last: Gillis Title: Food and Farming Systems in the Neolithic – an Impossible Vista? Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 1-7 Issue: 1 Volume: 27 Year: 2022 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2021.1966260 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2021.1966260 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:27:y:2022:i:1:p:1-7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maria João Valente Author-X-Name-First: Maria João Author-X-Name-Last: Valente Author-Name: António Faustino Carvalho Author-X-Name-First: António Faustino Author-X-Name-Last: Carvalho Title: Southern Portugal Animal Exploitation Systems: Trends and Changes from Neolithic to Bronze Age. A Follow-up Overview Abstract: Zooarchaeological studies in Neolithic, Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age Portugal have witnessed important developments in recent years, even if still largely based on taxonomic analyses. Other approaches depend heavily on the abundance and preservation conditions of faunal collections, which are often inadequate; such limitation prevents in-depth studies of animal exploitation strategies (e.g. the ‘Secondary Products Revolution’). Despite these constraints, some trends in animal exploitation systems have been observed (Valente, M. J., and A. F. Carvalho. 2014. “Zooarchaeology in the Neolithic and Chalcolithic of Southern Portugal.” Environmental Archaeology 19 (3): 226–240). These observations are now complemented by new zooarchaeological studies and case-studies on isotopic analyses for mobility and diet. The new dataset is addressed in the wider context, thus allowing a comprehensive overview, albeit exploratory, on herding practices and animal exploitation systems in Late Prehistory. The following trends are: the introduction of domesticated animals during the Early Neolithic; the non-existence of medium- to large-scale itinerant pastoralism during the Middle Neolithic (though shorter distances itinerancy may have taken place); and different moments for the adoption of secondary animal products (early usage of milk, and perhaps its derivatives, but a later exploitation of other products like wool and draft force). Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 31-43 Issue: 1 Volume: 27 Year: 2022 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2019.1673573 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2019.1673573 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:27:y:2022:i:1:p:31-43 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rosalind E. Gillis Author-X-Name-First: Rosalind E. Author-X-Name-Last: Gillis Author-Name: Jane S. Gaastra Author-X-Name-First: Jane S. Author-X-Name-Last: Gaastra Author-Name: Marc Vander Linden Author-X-Name-First: Marc Vander Author-X-Name-Last: Linden Author-Name: Jean-Denis Vigne Author-X-Name-First: Jean-Denis Author-X-Name-Last: Vigne Title: A Species Specific Investigation Into Sheep and Goat Husbandry During the Early European Neolithic Abstract: Archaeozoological assemblages are important sources of information on past management strategies, which are influenced by cultural practices as well as the physical geography and climate. Sheep, goat and cattle arrived in Europe with early Neolithic migrants. Their distribution is believed to have been mainly influenced by the geography of European regions although individual species may have held symbolic importance for specific Neolithic cultures. Domesticated animal mortality data derived from dental eruption, wear and replacement can provide insights into slaughter management and consequently animal husbandry practices. Previous studies have focused on caprines (sheep and goat) collectively as a results of their morphological similarity. Here we present a species specific study of sheep and goat mortality data from early European and Anatolian Neolithic contexts using correspondence analysis. The results show that for sheep there were significant differences in slaughter management practices between regions, cultures and site types whereas for goats there was none. This initial examination into sheep and goat husbandry during the Neolithic suggests that cultural practices as well as regional geography played an important role in shaping management practices. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 8-19 Issue: 1 Volume: 27 Year: 2022 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2019.1615214 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2019.1615214 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:27:y:2022:i:1:p:8-19 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J.S. Gaastra Author-X-Name-First: J.S. Author-X-Name-Last: Gaastra Author-Name: A. de Vareilles Author-X-Name-First: A. Author-X-Name-Last: de Vareilles Author-Name: M. Vander Linden Author-X-Name-First: M. Author-X-Name-Last: Vander Linden Title: Bones and Seeds: An Integrated Approach to Understanding the Spread of Farming across the Western Balkans Abstract: Animals and plants, both farmed and hunted/collected, were an integrated part of the Neolithic food economy. When jointly analysed these can provide a holistic view of early food production systems which goes beyond individual descriptions of herd management and crop cultivation. Exhaustive surveys of both Neolithic zooarchaeological and archaeobotanical data were collected from the western Balkans and neighbouring regions (Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, southern Hungary, western Romania and eastern Italy). Here we combine both sets of data to explore the Neolithic food economy along the maritime and inland streams of Neolithisation. We demonstrate that, notwithstanding significant limitations, it is possible to compare and combine the datasets and present an integrated approach to the spread and development of farming within the western Balkans. Our research also evinces diachronic and spatial differences within the exploitation of domesticated and wild species, and the factors that may have influenced such practices. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 44-60 Issue: 1 Volume: 27 Year: 2022 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2019.1578016 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2019.1578016 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:27:y:2022:i:1:p:44-60 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Meriel McClatchie Author-X-Name-First: Meriel Author-X-Name-Last: McClatchie Author-Name: Rick Schulting Author-X-Name-First: Rick Author-X-Name-Last: Schulting Author-Name: Rowan McLaughlin Author-X-Name-First: Rowan Author-X-Name-Last: McLaughlin Author-Name: Sue Colledge Author-X-Name-First: Sue Author-X-Name-Last: Colledge Author-Name: Amy Bogaard Author-X-Name-First: Amy Author-X-Name-Last: Bogaard Author-Name: Phil Barratt Author-X-Name-First: Phil Author-X-Name-Last: Barratt Author-Name: Nicki Whitehouse Author-X-Name-First: Nicki Author-X-Name-Last: Whitehouse Title: Food Production, Processing and Foodways in Neolithic Ireland Abstract: When compared with earlier periods, the Neolithic in Ireland (4000–2500 cal BC) witnessed enormous changes in the foods being produced, and the work involved in their production and processing. Several crops were introduced – archaeobotanical studies indicate that emmer wheat became the dominant crop, with evidence also for barley (hulled and naked) and flax. Gathered resources were not abandoned; on the contrary, there is substantial evidence for a variety of nuts, fruits and leafy greens. Zooarchaeological studies indicate that new animals also arrived, including domesticated cattle, pig and sheep. Recent studies have provided substantial information on the timing and nature of these new ways of farming and living, but the focus is often on ingredients rather than food products. There are many challenges in determining which foods were being made with these new crops and animals, and in assessing their dietary and social importance. While cereals have been found at many sites, for example, it is not clear if they are being ground, boiled or other techniques are used for their processing. In this paper we explore aspects of food production, processing and foodways in Neolithic Ireland, drawing upon evidence from archaeobotany, zooarchaeology, isotopes, human skeletal remains and artefacts. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 80-92 Issue: 1 Volume: 27 Year: 2022 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2019.1615215 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2019.1615215 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:27:y:2022:i:1:p:80-92 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rupert Bates Author-X-Name-First: Rupert Author-X-Name-Last: Bates Author-Name: Egill Erlendsson Author-X-Name-First: Egill Author-X-Name-Last: Erlendsson Author-Name: Sigrún Dögg Eddudóttir Author-X-Name-First: Sigrún Dögg Author-X-Name-Last: Eddudóttir Author-Name: Susanne Claudia Möckel Author-X-Name-First: Susanne Claudia Author-X-Name-Last: Möckel Author-Name: Leone Tinganelli Author-X-Name-First: Leone Author-X-Name-Last: Tinganelli Author-Name: Guðrún Gísladóttir Author-X-Name-First: Guðrún Author-X-Name-Last: Gísladóttir Title: Landnám, Land Use and Landscape Change at Kagaðarhóll in Northwest Iceland Abstract: Palaeoecological studies from across Iceland, in tandem with historical and archaeological examinations, have helped improve our understanding of patterns and processes involved in the initial settlement of Iceland. Here, we present a new high resolution reconstruction of vegetation and landscape dynamics for the farm Kagaðarhóll, a lowland site in Austur-Húnavatnssýsla, Northwest Iceland, a region with a notable scarcity of known archaeological sites. Through palynology and the analysis of lithological proxies, the study locates and examines human influence at the study site and evaluates the mechanisms of environmental change. Prior to settlement, following long-term vegetation regression, Betula woodland interspersed with sedge bog was prevalent at Kagaðarhóll. Woodland clearance and grazing was initiated no later than AD 900, illustrating the arrival of humans. Over the following centuries, the record shows continued grazing, increased soil erosion and a transition into heathland and shrubland indicative of anthropogenic environmental degradation. Woodland conservation and management practices are also inferred. The study is important in extending knowledge of Icelandic environmental change and anthropogenic activity where archaeological research is scant and in bringing together regional patterns of settlement in order to understand wider settlement processes. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 211-227 Issue: 2 Volume: 27 Year: 2022 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2021.1949680 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2021.1949680 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:27:y:2022:i:2:p:211-227 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Erik Daniel Fredh Author-X-Name-First: Erik Daniel Author-X-Name-Last: Fredh Author-Name: Lisbeth Prøsch-Danielsen Author-X-Name-First: Lisbeth Author-X-Name-Last: Prøsch-Danielsen Author-Name: Christin Eldegard Jensen Author-X-Name-First: Christin Eldegard Author-X-Name-Last: Jensen Title: A Synthesis of Pollen Composition in Prehistoric Cultivation Layers in Southwestern Norway Abstract: Pollen records and radiocarbon dates from cultivation layers were compiled to explore agricultural changes in southwestern Norway, with a focus on cereals and associated herbs. Variations in the pollen composition were examined using rarefaction and multivariate analyses. The results showed that prehistoric cultivation layers were preserved in the region from c. 2200 BC to AD 1400. That the landscape was open and dominated by grassland is inferred from the preponderance of grass and other herbaceous pollen, originating from meadows and pastures. A few annual weeds were associated with cereals, such as Spergula arvensis and Polygonum persicaria. The main change in our record occurred during the Early Iron Age (c. 500 BC-AD 600), when cultivated fields and grassland expanded at the expense of woodland, and was probably associated with the establishment of permanent fields and hay-meadows. This study shows that pollen analysed from cultivation layers can be synthesised to provide a regional picture of land-use development. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 127-145 Issue: 2 Volume: 27 Year: 2022 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1536499 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1536499 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:27:y:2022:i:2:p:127-145 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J.E. Schofield Author-X-Name-First: J.E. Author-X-Name-Last: Schofield Author-Name: K.J. Edwards Author-X-Name-First: K.J. Author-X-Name-Last: Edwards Author-Name: E. Erlendsson Author-X-Name-First: E. Author-X-Name-Last: Erlendsson Author-Name: T.M. Mighall Author-X-Name-First: T.M. Author-X-Name-Last: Mighall Title: Environmental Challenges for the Medieval North Atlantic World Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 123-126 Issue: 2 Volume: 27 Year: 2022 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2021.1949238 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2021.1949238 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:27:y:2022:i:2:p:123-126 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Scott Timpany Author-X-Name-First: Scott Author-X-Name-Last: Timpany Author-Name: Tim Mighall Author-X-Name-First: Tim Author-X-Name-Last: Mighall Author-Name: Ian Foster Author-X-Name-First: Ian Author-X-Name-Last: Foster Author-Name: Antonio Martinez Cortizas Author-X-Name-First: Antonio Author-X-Name-Last: Martinez Cortizas Author-Name: Olwyn Owen Author-X-Name-First: Olwyn Author-X-Name-Last: Owen Author-Name: Anthony Krus Author-X-Name-First: Anthony Author-X-Name-Last: Krus Author-Name: Ilse Kamerling Author-X-Name-First: Ilse Author-X-Name-Last: Kamerling Title: Later Prehistoric and Norse Communities in the Northern Isles: Multi-Proxy Environmental Investigations on Orkney Abstract: Little is known about the impact that Norse communities had on the landscape of Orkney. To redress this, a palaeoenvironmental investigation was conducted from the infilled Loch of Tuquoy, a basin located close to the high-status Norse farmstead and Crosskirk at Tuquoy on Westray, Orkney. Pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs, microscopic charcoal, sediment geochemistry and mineral magnetic measurements were performed on a 2.25 m core. The results suggest that a cultural landscape had already been established before the Loch's record commenced. The landscape was subsequently characterised by the near-continuous activity of a mixed agrarian economy that intensified from c. 900–150 cal. BC, and between cal. AD 700 and 1550, the latter encompassing the Norse occupation of the Tuquoy farmstead. Palynological evidence suggests that the land was used for pasture and to cultivate cereals. While the landscape was largely treeless from 900 cal. BC onwards, minor woodland/scrub clearance occurred in both periods. The Norse palaeoeconomy seems to have been a continuation of earlier practices but caused a significant change in the source of sediments deposited into the loch. Whilst the sediment geochemistry revealed little evidence for ironworking, lead concentrations show a series of peaks during the Iron Age on Orkney indicative of regional-scale pollution. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 146-167 Issue: 2 Volume: 27 Year: 2022 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2020.1803014 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2020.1803014 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:27:y:2022:i:2:p:146-167 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Samantha E. Jones Author-X-Name-First: Samantha E. Author-X-Name-Last: Jones Author-Name: Enid P. Allison Author-X-Name-First: Enid P. Author-X-Name-Last: Allison Author-Name: Ewan Campbell Author-X-Name-First: Ewan Author-X-Name-Last: Campbell Author-Name: Nick Evans Author-X-Name-First: Nick Author-X-Name-Last: Evans Author-Name: Tim Mighall Author-X-Name-First: Tim Author-X-Name-Last: Mighall Author-Name: Gordon Noble Author-X-Name-First: Gordon Author-X-Name-Last: Noble Title: Identifying Social Transformations and Crisis during the Pre-Monastic to Post-Viking era on Iona: New Insights from a Palynological and Palaeoentomological Perspective Abstract: Iona is renowned for its early monastery, founded following the arrival of Columba in AD 563. This paper uses palaeoecological data to provide insight into the social and environmental transformations that influenced the landscape of Iona during the later prehistoric and historic periods. The identification of cereal pollen suggests that arable farming occurred during the Bronze Age and possibly continued through the Iron Age. Pastoral farming was also practiced. It remains unclear as to whether there were people living on the island at the time of the monastic community’s arrival. Between AD 630 and 1100, woodland clearance and farming occurred. There were also two phases of woodland regeneration and agricultural decline. The first phase coincides with the period of Viking raids and may have witnessed a decline in population. The second phase occurred in conjunction with increased Scandinavian influence and political restructuring across the wider region; however, small-scale farming continued. After c. AD 1000 there was renewed intensification of landscape management prior to the arrival of Benedictine monks and Augustinian nuns (c. AD 1200). This may be linked to climatic amelioration during the Medieval Warm Period and economic growth in the Hebrides. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 168-192 Issue: 2 Volume: 27 Year: 2022 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2020.1713581 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2020.1713581 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:27:y:2022:i:2:p:168-192 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Scott J. Riddell Author-X-Name-First: Scott J. Author-X-Name-Last: Riddell Author-Name: Egill Erlendsson Author-X-Name-First: Egill Author-X-Name-Last: Erlendsson Author-Name: Sigrún D. Eddudóttir Author-X-Name-First: Sigrún D. Author-X-Name-Last: Eddudóttir Author-Name: Guðrún Gísladóttir Author-X-Name-First: Guðrún Author-X-Name-Last: Gísladóttir Author-Name: Steinunn Kristjánsdóttir Author-X-Name-First: Steinunn Author-X-Name-Last: Kristjánsdóttir Title: Pollen, Plague & Protestants: The Medieval Monastery of Þingeyrar (Þingeyraklaustur) in Northern Iceland Abstract: Until recently, Icelandic monasticism has been considered remote from European monasticism and that it had little impact upon medieval Icelandic society. Focussing upon a monastic site in northern Iceland (Þingeyraklaustur), palaeoecological data is utilised to explore the role of Icelandic monasticism with regard to land use in order to discern whether or not the aforementioned conventions hold true. In particular, are changes in land use associated with the eleventh century revival of European monasticism apparent in Iceland? Further consideration is given to changes in land use arising due to the challenges of plague, Reformation, and the prevailing climate regime for the Medieval period in Iceland. At Þingeyraklaustur, the clearance of Betula seems to be associated with the foundation of the monastery in the early twelfth century. The impact of plague is observed in the recovery of Betula during the fifteenth century. On both counts, events at Þingeyraklaustur reflect those encountered in the palaeoecological archive for monasteries elsewhere in Europe. Overall, there is a broad transition from dwarf shrub wetland to a grassland dominated landscape from the time of Iceland’s settlement, through the monastic period (AD 1133–1551), and beyond the sixteenth century Reformation into the eighteenth century. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 193-210 Issue: 2 Volume: 27 Year: 2022 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1531191 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1531191 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:27:y:2022:i:2:p:193-210 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Edward Schofield Author-X-Name-First: J. Edward Author-X-Name-Last: Schofield Author-Name: Danni M. Pearce Author-X-Name-First: Danni M. Author-X-Name-Last: Pearce Author-Name: Douglas W.F. Mair Author-X-Name-First: Douglas W.F. Author-X-Name-Last: Mair Author-Name: Brice R. Rea Author-X-Name-First: Brice R. Author-X-Name-Last: Rea Author-Name: James M. Lea Author-X-Name-First: James M. Author-X-Name-Last: Lea Author-Name: Nicholas A. Kamenos Author-X-Name-First: Nicholas A. Author-X-Name-Last: Kamenos Author-Name: Kathryn M. Schoenrock Author-X-Name-First: Kathryn M. Author-X-Name-Last: Schoenrock Author-Name: Iestyn D. Barr Author-X-Name-First: Iestyn D. Author-X-Name-Last: Barr Author-Name: Kevin J. Edwards Author-X-Name-First: Kevin J. Author-X-Name-Last: Edwards Title: Pushing the Limits: Palynological Investigations at the Margin of the Greenland Ice Sheet in the Norse Western Settlement Abstract: This paper presents two high-resolution pollen records dating to ∼AD 1000–1400 that reveal the impacts of Norse colonists on vegetation and landscape around a remote farmstead in the Western Settlement of Greenland. The study is centred upon a ‘centralised farm’ (ruin group V53d) in Austmannadalen, near the margin of the Greenland Ice Sheet (64°13′N, 49°49′W). The climate is low arctic and considered marginal in terms of its suitability for the type of pastoral agriculture that the Norse settlers introduced. The data reveal that at a short distance (∼500 m) from the farm buildings, the palynological ‘footprint’ for settlement becomes extremely indistinct, the only clear palaeoenvironmental evidence for a human presence being elevated levels of microscopic charcoal. This contrasts with the Eastern Settlement, where a strong palynological signature for Norse landnám is evident, from the local (individual farm) through to the regional (landscape) scale. The palynological data from Austmannadalen, and the Western Settlement more generally, imply that farming occurred at very low intensity. This aligns with ideas that promote the importance of hunting, and trade in valuable Arctic commodities (e.g. walrus ivory), ahead of a search for new pasture as the dominant motivation driving the Norse settlement of this region. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 228-242 Issue: 2 Volume: 27 Year: 2022 Month: 3 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2019.1677075 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2019.1677075 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:27:y:2022:i:2:p:228-242 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Matt Law Author-X-Name-First: Matt Author-X-Name-Last: Law Title: The historic landscape of the Mendip Hills Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 345-346 Issue: 3 Volume: 27 Year: 2022 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2018.1427776 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2018.1427776 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:27:y:2022:i:3:p:345-346 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Gorobets Author-X-Name-First: L. Author-X-Name-Last: Gorobets Author-Name: N. Rudenko Author-X-Name-First: N. Author-X-Name-Last: Rudenko Title: Remains of Birds from the Northwest Black Sea Ancient Settlements Abstract: The article presents the results of the identification of 1051 bird remains from the ancient layers of the 12 settlements from the Northern Black Sea coast. Zooarchaeological finds described in the work date to the sixth century BC through the fourth century AD. The data allowed researchers to specify features of bird exploitation by the inhabitants of the region. In particular, we established that, hunted birds dominated over domestic species in the diet of inhabitants of large settlements. However, previous publications on the results of mammalian studies suggested that hunting did not play a significant role, but was rather an entertainment. We also found that the inhabitants of small settlements consumed more poultry than wild species of birds. The earlier reports about the discovery of pheasant's remains in the ancient layers of the Northern Black Sea Coast were refuted. The report presents the bone of the chicken with osteopetrosis, which appears as the most eastern evidence of the disease in the archaeological records in Europe. Some changes were discovered in the avifauna. The primary changes took place during the Hellenistic time (350–200 BC), when the region experienced a reduction in species diversity. We assume that the changes in fauna are a consequence of the climatic shifts which took place in the Roman Warm Period. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 306-322 Issue: 3 Volume: 27 Year: 2022 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2021.1905933 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2021.1905933 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:27:y:2022:i:3:p:306-322 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Renée M. Bonzani Author-X-Name-First: Renée M. Author-X-Name-Last: Bonzani Author-Name: Katharine V. Alexander Author-X-Name-First: Katharine V. Author-X-Name-Last: Alexander Author-Name: Alexander Metz Author-X-Name-First: Alexander Author-X-Name-Last: Metz Author-Name: Jordon S. Munizzi Author-X-Name-First: Jordon S. Author-X-Name-Last: Munizzi Author-Name: Bruce L. Manzano Author-X-Name-First: Bruce L. Author-X-Name-Last: Manzano Author-Name: Matthew J. Davidson Author-X-Name-First: Matthew J. Author-X-Name-Last: Davidson Author-Name: Grace Farish Author-X-Name-First: Grace Author-X-Name-Last: Farish Author-Name: Andrea Erhardt Author-X-Name-First: Andrea Author-X-Name-Last: Erhardt Title: Using Deer Stable Isotope Data to Test a Niche Construction Hypothesis for an Increase in Prehistoric Human Maize Consumption in the Eastern Woodlands of the United States Abstract: Pollen records and macrobotanical remains indicate maize was grown minimally during the Middle Woodland (200 BCE - CE 500) in eastern North America. However, previous isotopic studies have found limited evidence of its consumption by people in archaeobotanical assemblages. Hypothetically, if deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimmermann) were feeding on maize (Zea mays L.) in gardens prior to its adoption as a human dietary staple, this may indicate a niche construction process which would later lead to shifts in hunting strategies. This construction of garden spaces or niches has implications for decreased mobility and greater investment in garden crops. To evaluate this hypothesis in the Ohio River Valley, we measured stable nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C) isotope compositions of bulk collagen in deer bones (N = 25) from archaeological sites spanning the Middle Woodland (200 BCE - CE 400/500) to Late Precontact (CE 1400-1630). Our hypothesis was not confirmed: little (one deer of 19) evidence for maize consumption occurred in the analyzed deer remains. Five deer of 19 did indicate the possibility of feeding in deeply wooded areas, reflecting canopy effect. Dog (Canis lupus familiaris L.) bone samples (N = 2) were also analyzed for these isotopes and one indicates some consumption of maize. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 258-276 Issue: 3 Volume: 27 Year: 2022 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2021.1921674 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2021.1921674 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:27:y:2022:i:3:p:258-276 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Youri van den Hurk Author-X-Name-First: Youri Author-X-Name-Last: van den Hurk Author-Name: Luke Spindler Author-X-Name-First: Luke Author-X-Name-Last: Spindler Author-Name: Krista McGrath Author-X-Name-First: Krista Author-X-Name-Last: McGrath Author-Name: Camilla Speller Author-X-Name-First: Camilla Author-X-Name-Last: Speller Title: Medieval Whalers in the Netherlands and Flanders: Zooarchaeological Analysis of Medieval Cetacean Remains Abstract: Medieval historical sources suggest that cetacean exploitation was, for large parts of Europe, restricted to the social elite. This appears to have also been the case for the Netherlands and Flanders. It remains unclear, however, how frequently active hunting was undertaken, and which species were targeted. Zooarchaeological cetacean remains are often recovered from Medieval (AD 400-1600) sites in the Netherlands and Flanders, however the majority of these specimens have not been identified to the species level, leaving a substantial gap in our knowledge of past cetacean exploitation. By applying ZooMS, as well as morphological and osteometric analyses, these zooarchaeological specimens were identified to the species level. This analysis revealed that the North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis), sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus), and grey whale (Eschrichtius robustus) were frequently exploited. Active whaling appears to have been undertaken as well, especially in Flanders and in Frisia (the northern part of the Netherlands). Zooarchaeological cetacean remains appear to be present with relative frequency at high-status sites such as castles, as well as ecclesiastical sites, confirming the historical evidence that the social elite indeed did have a taste for cetacean meat. However, cetacean products were also available outside of elite and ecclesiastical contexts. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 243-257 Issue: 3 Volume: 27 Year: 2022 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2020.1829296 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2020.1829296 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:27:y:2022:i:3:p:243-257 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Kovačiková Author-X-Name-First: L. Author-X-Name-Last: Kovačiková Author-Name: S. Drtikolová Kaupová Author-X-Name-First: S. Drtikolová Author-X-Name-Last: Kaupová Author-Name: L. Poláček Author-X-Name-First: L. Author-X-Name-Last: Poláček Author-Name: P. Velemínský Author-X-Name-First: P. Author-X-Name-Last: Velemínský Author-Name: P. Limburský Author-X-Name-First: P. Author-X-Name-Last: Limburský Author-Name: J. Brůžek Author-X-Name-First: J. Author-X-Name-Last: Brůžek Title: Pig-Breeding Management in the Early Medieval Stronghold at Mikulčice (Eighth–Ninth Centuries, Czech Republic) Abstract: The archaeozoological analysis sets point to the vital role of pigs in the subsistence economy of Early Medieval Mikulčice, an important Great Moravian centre (Czech Republic). The results of slaughtering distribution analyses indicate that pigs were a meat source for a consumer population. Analyses of stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon suggest that the demand for pork was predominantly met by animals raised by extensive husbandry. . In addition to extensive breeding, small-scale household rearing was also documented. The assumed length of the fattening period represented a more important factor for δ15N values. It has been determined that pigs that were slaughtered at the latest after two years consumed protein-richer fodder when the roots of their third molars were formed. By contrast, the collagen of pigs that were expected from the outset to be used for long-term breeding shows lower values of the isotope in question. It has also been corroborated that the root dentine collagen of domestic pigs from the bailey has slightly higher average δ15N values compared to the collagen of pigs from the acropolis. Such a difference may be explained by different husbandry management techniques having been applied within a single settlement. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 277-291 Issue: 3 Volume: 27 Year: 2022 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2020.1782583 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2020.1782583 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:27:y:2022:i:3:p:277-291 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Catherine Barnett Author-X-Name-First: Catherine Author-X-Name-Last: Barnett Title: Down by the river: archaeological, palaeoenvironmental and geoarchaeological investigations of the Suffolk river valleys Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 343-344 Issue: 3 Volume: 27 Year: 2022 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1381796 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1381796 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:27:y:2022:i:3:p:343-344 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jerzy Cabala Author-X-Name-First: Jerzy Author-X-Name-Last: Cabala Author-Name: Dariusz Rozmus Author-X-Name-First: Dariusz Author-X-Name-Last: Rozmus Author-Name: Grzegorz Kłys Author-X-Name-First: Grzegorz Author-X-Name-Last: Kłys Author-Name: Magdalena Misz-Kennan Author-X-Name-First: Magdalena Author-X-Name-Last: Misz-Kennan Title: Lead in the Bones of Cows from a Medieval Pb-Ag Metallurgical Settlement: Bone Mineralization by Metalliferous Minerals Abstract: Pb contents (13-53 mg kg−1) and pathological changes in almost complete cow skeletons discovered in graves adjacent to Pb and Ag smelting furnaces active in the Silesian-Cracovian region, in the mid-12th century are reported in the article. In addition to Pb, elements such as Zn, Cd, Fe, Mn, Cd, and Ba characteristic of Zn-Pb-Ag ores in the region were identified. Bone fragments and the soil in which they had lain for almost 800 years were examined by SEM, EDS. XRD was used to identify minerals present in soils. The enrichment of the bones with Zn, Pb, Fe, Mn, and Cd is associated with the remobilisation of elements from soil contaminated with primary and synthetic phase-rich metals. In biotic material (e.g. bones) taken from soils heavily contaminated by mining or metallurgical processes, it is not possible to determine whether a given metal was even partly incorporated into the bone structure during life using the above methods. However, the importance of comprehensive geochemical and submicroscopic data for any inference based on the results of chemical tests on biological material is clearly indicated. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 292-305 Issue: 3 Volume: 27 Year: 2022 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2020.1867289 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2020.1867289 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:27:y:2022:i:3:p:292-305 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ashley Peles Author-X-Name-First: Ashley Author-X-Name-Last: Peles Title: Paleoindian societies of the coastal Southeast Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 342-343 Issue: 3 Volume: 27 Year: 2022 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1346242 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1346242 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:27:y:2022:i:3:p:342-343 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Nance Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Nance Title: Silbury Hill: the largest prehistoric mound in Europe Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 344-345 Issue: 3 Volume: 27 Year: 2022 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1419816 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1419816 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:27:y:2022:i:3:p:344-345 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Azriel Yechezkel Author-X-Name-First: Azriel Author-X-Name-Last: Yechezkel Author-Name: Amos Frumkin Author-X-Name-First: Amos Author-X-Name-Last: Frumkin Author-Name: Shaul Tzionit Author-X-Name-First: Shaul Author-X-Name-Last: Tzionit Title: Ancient Spring Tunnels of Jerusalem, Israel: Physical, Spatial, and Human Aspects Abstract: About 210 spring tunnels were developed in Israel, most of them within its central mountain range and especially in the Jerusalem Hills. This phenomenon probably first appeared in Israel during Iron Age II, around the 8th century BCE. Spring tunnels are associated with the development of irrigated agricultural systems, landscape design and the establishment of rural settlements. This study presents for the first time a comprehensive statistical picture of this phenomenon, with particularly emphasis on the Jerusalem Hills. We have analysed statistically 21 different parameters of two types of springs in the Jerusalem Hills: 70 with tunnels and 60 without tunnels. The selected parameters fall into three categories: (1) geological-geomorphological (formation, surface slope and group, dip); (2) physical-hydrological (precipitation, discharge, etc.); (3) spatial (dispersion, springs elevation ASL, etc.). The results of this study emphasise the spatial aspects of this phenomenon, especially the accessibility to the Old City of Jerusalem. In addition, there is a clear connection between the karstic aquifer overlying the Moza geological formation and the spring tunnels. This study highlights the physical advantages of Jerusalem’s hinterland at the eastern sections of the Soreq and Refaim river basins, consistent with the rich archaeological record in these areas. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 323-341 Issue: 3 Volume: 27 Year: 2022 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2021.1888613 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2021.1888613 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:27:y:2022:i:3:p:323-341 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pam J. Crabtree Author-X-Name-First: Pam J. Author-X-Name-Last: Crabtree Title: Charleston: an archaeology of life in a coastal community Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 342-342 Issue: 3 Volume: 27 Year: 2022 Month: 5 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1329965 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2017.1329965 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:27:y:2022:i:3:p:342-342 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brian F. Codding Author-X-Name-First: Brian F. Author-X-Name-Last: Codding Author-Name: Joan Brenner Coltrain Author-X-Name-First: Joan Author-X-Name-Last: Brenner Coltrain Author-Name: Lisbeth Louderback Author-X-Name-First: Lisbeth Author-X-Name-Last: Louderback Author-Name: Kenneth Blake Vernon Author-X-Name-First: Kenneth Blake Author-X-Name-Last: Vernon Author-Name: Kate E. Magargal Author-X-Name-First: Kate E. Author-X-Name-Last: Magargal Author-Name: Peter M. Yaworsky Author-X-Name-First: Peter M. Author-X-Name-Last: Yaworsky Author-Name: Erick Robinson Author-X-Name-First: Erick Author-X-Name-Last: Robinson Author-Name: Simon C. Brewer Author-X-Name-First: Simon C. Author-X-Name-Last: Brewer Author-Name: Jerry D. Spangler Author-X-Name-First: Jerry D. Author-X-Name-Last: Spangler Title: Socioecological Dynamics Structuring the Spread of Farming in the North American Basin-Plateau Region Abstract: The spread of agriculture is a major driver of social and environmental change throughout the Holocene, yet experimental and ethnographic data indicate that farming is less profitable than foraging, so why would individuals choose to adopt agriculture leading to its expansion? Ideal distribution models offer one framework to answer this question: Individuals should adopt less profitable subsistence strategies and occupy more marginal environments when local population density increases competition to the point where the suitability of the best strategies and habitats becomes equal to what can be gained in poorer strategies and habitats. Coupling radiocarbon-dated archaeological sites with a validated measure of agricultural suitability, we evaluate the emergence of farming in the Basin-Plateau region of North America. Our results show that farming first occurs in the more suitable Colorado Plateau physiographic region, and only spreads into the less suitable Great Basin after population density on the Plateau increases. This produces an approximate 300- to 400-year lag between the onset of farming on the Plateau and in the Basin. These findings support the ideal distribution hypothesis for the spread of farming, and suggest a general socioecological process that may help explain global patterns in the timing and tempo of agricultural expansions. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 434-446 Issue: 4 Volume: 27 Year: 2022 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2021.1927480 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2021.1927480 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:27:y:2022:i:4:p:434-446 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kenneth B. Vernon Author-X-Name-First: Kenneth B. Author-X-Name-Last: Vernon Author-Name: Peter M. Yaworsky Author-X-Name-First: Peter M. Author-X-Name-Last: Yaworsky Author-Name: Jerry Spangler Author-X-Name-First: Jerry Author-X-Name-Last: Spangler Author-Name: Simon Brewer Author-X-Name-First: Simon Author-X-Name-Last: Brewer Author-Name: Brian F. Codding Author-X-Name-First: Brian F. Author-X-Name-Last: Codding Title: Decomposing Habitat Suitability Across the Forager to Farmer Transition Abstract: How might subsistence strategies structure the costs and benefits of habitat selection and, therefore, drive settlement patterning? We explore this question within an Ideal Distribution framework, arguing that (i) a habitat can be decomposed into its environmental covariates, (ii) their relative contributions to suitability can vary as a function of subsistence strategy, and (iii) the resulting differences will in turn lead to different population distributions across habitats. To evaluate these claims, we apply a Poisson point-process modelling approach known as maximum entropy (MaxEnt) to Archaic hunter-gatherer and Formative maize-farmer sites within the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument. Our results show that environmental covariates vary in their importance for each strategy and that the strategies themselves vary in their land use and habitat distribution, with Archaic foragers being widely distributed across space, Formative farmers more densely packed into areas indicative of higher maize productivity. The approach itself also has wide application to other subsistence strategies, including horticulture and pastoralism, across a range of environmental conditions. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 420-433 Issue: 4 Volume: 27 Year: 2022 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2020.1746880 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2020.1746880 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:27:y:2022:i:4:p:420-433 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stephen A. Collins-Elliott Author-X-Name-First: Stephen A. Author-X-Name-Last: Collins-Elliott Author-Name: Christopher S. Jazwa Author-X-Name-First: Christopher S. Author-X-Name-Last: Jazwa Title: Dynamic Modeling of the Effects of Site Placement on Environmental Suitability: A Theoretical Example from Northwest Morocco Abstract: This paper offers a new numerical approach to model the effects of archaeological site placement and population density on environmental suitability using two ecological models, the Ideal Free Distribution (IFD) and Ideal Despotic Distribution (IDD), treating the Oued Loukkos in northern Morocco as an example. This method incorporates local resource depletion with increasing population density consistent with the predictions of the IFD. It also incorporates the potential for the exclusion of part of the population from certain productive areas consistent with the IDD. In this study, we propose a dynamic approach to the impact of site placement on habitat suitability and therefore broader application for understanding changes in settlement distribution with population density through time. Furthermore, resulting settlements can be parameterized by a Zipf-Mandelbrot distribution, entailing a direct relationship between the ecological, demographic, and political factors and the resulting rank-size distribution of sites. This approach allows for a broader range of applications among foraging and agricultural economies. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 447-460 Issue: 4 Volume: 27 Year: 2022 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2020.1763020 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2020.1763020 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:27:y:2022:i:4:p:447-460 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elic M. Weitzel Author-X-Name-First: Elic M. Author-X-Name-Last: Weitzel Author-Name: Brian F. Codding Author-X-Name-First: Brian F. Author-X-Name-Last: Codding Author-Name: Stephen B. Carmody Author-X-Name-First: Stephen B. Author-X-Name-Last: Carmody Author-Name: David W. Zeanah Author-X-Name-First: David W. Author-X-Name-Last: Zeanah Title: Food Production and Domestication Produced Both Cooperative and Competitive Social Dynamics in Eastern North America Abstract: Recent research emphasises the importance of both within-group cooperation and between-group competition for human sociality, past and present. We hypothesise that the shift from foraging to food production in eastern North America provided novel socioecological conditions that impacted interpersonal and intergroup interactions in the region, inspiring both greater cooperation as well as competition. We predict that (1) successful exploitation of this indigenous crop complex encouraged greater cooperation leading to site aggregation in high-quality locations as expected by an ideal free distribution with an Allee effect, and (2) continued population growth driven by the domestication and adoption of the crop complex eventually inspired a shift from positive to negative density dependent settlement dynamics, driving declines in site suitability. Our results demonstrate that there was an increase in both site clustering and site location quality coincident with crop management and domestication in the Middle Holocene, and that territorial violence appears at this time as well. Site quality later declined after c. 3000 cal BP, also as predicted. These results indicate that managing and domesticating plants inspired an Allee effect and led to greater within-group cooperation, but was also related to the rise of territorial between-group competition in the region. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 388-401 Issue: 4 Volume: 27 Year: 2022 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2020.1737394 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2020.1737394 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:27:y:2022:i:4:p:388-401 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elic M. Weitzel Author-X-Name-First: Elic M. Author-X-Name-Last: Weitzel Author-Name: Brian F. Codding Author-X-Name-First: Brian F. Author-X-Name-Last: Codding Title: The Ideal Distribution Model and Archaeological Settlement Patterning Abstract: Human populations distribute themselves across landscapes in clearly patterned ways, but accurate and theoretically informed predictions and explanations of that patterning in the archaeological record can prove difficult. Recently, archaeologists have begun applying a unifying theoretical framework derived from population and behavioural ecology to understand human population distribution and movement: the ideal distribution model (IDM). The three variants of this IDM - the ideal free distribution, the ideal free distribution with an Allee effect, and the ideal despotic distribution - are capable of generating testable hypotheses concerning the colonisation of landscapes, the spatial distribution of populations, cooperation and competition, social hierarchy and inequality, and the impacts of subsistence on settlement patterns. Their success in addressing such wide-ranging research questions demonstrates that IDMs are not only helpful for analysing settlement patterns in relation to environmental factors, but for better understanding the social forces that impact population distribution, as well. There seem to be no geographic or temporal bounds to the utility of IDMs, and we look forward to the application of these models in ever more diverse settings. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 349-356 Issue: 4 Volume: 27 Year: 2022 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2020.1803015 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2020.1803015 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:27:y:2022:i:4:p:349-356 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daniel Plekhov Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Author-X-Name-Last: Plekhov Author-Name: Evan I. Levine Author-X-Name-First: Evan I. Author-X-Name-Last: Levine Title: Defining Suitability in Mixed Agropastoral Societies: A Case Study from Bactria in Northern Afghanistan Abstract: This paper explores the concept of suitability within applications of Ideal Distribution Models (IDMs). Specifically, we investigate the effectiveness of single measures of suitability in contexts where diverse local populations practised a range of subsistence strategies with different environmental requirements and sociocultural consequences. To do so, we draw on legacy survey data from northern Afghanistan, within the historic region of Bactria. This region of Central Asia has a rich history of nomadic pastoralism as well as dense urban settlement, with these two lifeways often occurring concurrently with complex social and economic interdependencies developing between pastoral and agricultural societies. Conceptually, we predict that such diversity should be difficult to model by conventional IDMs, as what may be defined as a low ranked habitat by one definition of suitability may be highly ranked in another. On the other hand, identifying strong deviations from IDMs may in fact indicate shifts in subsistence strategies and settlement patterns occurring across various periods of sociopolitical and cultural change. Based on our analysis, we conclude that single measures of suitability do not sufficiently model settlement patterns as predicted by IDMs but do in fact help highlight long-term processes of ecological engineering and inheritance. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 372-387 Issue: 4 Volume: 27 Year: 2022 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2020.1777055 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2020.1777055 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:27:y:2022:i:4:p:372-387 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jonathan A. Hanna Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan A. Author-X-Name-Last: Hanna Author-Name: Christina M. Giovas Author-X-Name-First: Christina M. Author-X-Name-Last: Giovas Title: An Islandscape IFD: Using the Ideal Free Distribution to Predict Pre-Columbian Settlements from Grenada to St. Vincent, Eastern Caribbean Abstract: This study employs an ideal free distribution (IFD) model to conduct a fine-grained analysis of environmental factors affecting the pre-Columbian colonisation sequence and settlement patterning in the southern Lesser Antilles of the Eastern Caribbean. We compiled a database of all known archaeological site locations and associated chronological data from St. Vincent, the Grenadines, and Grenada, and vetted this dataset for accuracy. We then performed multivariate statistical analysis of the vetted site data and 24 environmental variables hypothesised to influence settlement habitat quality, including soil attributes, proximity to freshwater/stream beds, structure and sizes of marine environments, and net primary productivity (NPP) layers. Iterative testing and refinement of the model allowed for the creation of a predictive map of pre-Columbian archaeological sites over time. Results indicate proximity to freshwater wetlands, NPP, and reef size were important variables influencing habitat choice. Additionally, latitude (distance from the equator) was also a significant variable, indicating support for a proposed colonisation of the southern Lesser Antilles that began in the northern Caribbean, rather than the south. Lastly, we provide a site inventory and map of predicted site locations that can aid in the management of threatened archaeological resources within the study region. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 402-419 Issue: 4 Volume: 27 Year: 2022 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2019.1689895 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2019.1689895 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:27:y:2022:i:4:p:402-419 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Shane Miller Author-X-Name-First: D. Shane Author-X-Name-Last: Miller Author-Name: Stephen B. Carmody Author-X-Name-First: Stephen B. Author-X-Name-Last: Carmody Title: Fire on the Mountain: The Ideal Free Distribution and Early Hunter-gatherer Demography in the Tennessee River Drainage, USA Abstract: The colonisation of North America and subsequent adaptation to climate change are major research foci in the American Southeast. Here, we used the Ideal Free Distribution from Behavioural Ecology and projections of fossil pollen to generate predictions for landscape use. We tested these predictions against the distribution of previously recorded projectile points in the Paleoindian Database of the Americas and archaeological sites in the Digital Index of North American Archaeology for the Tennessee River drainage from the appearance of Clovis sites in the terminal Pleistocene though the Late Holocene (∼13,250–3,000 cal BP). We found that the distribution of points and sites were initially skewed towards lower elevations, and then spread to higher elevations over the course of the Younger Dryas into the Middle Holocene, which is consistent with predictions of the Ideal Free Distribution. However, during the Middle Holocene, sites are more clustered, which is consistent with a shift to an Ideal Free Distribution with Allee effect that was likely driven by a broader distribution of oak–hickory forests. Finally, the distribution of sites after the Middle Holocene was more dispersed, which is consistent with a shift to an Ideal Despotic Distribution. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 357-371 Issue: 4 Volume: 27 Year: 2022 Month: 7 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2020.1777054 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2020.1777054 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:27:y:2022:i:4:p:357-371 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1758988_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220823T191300 git hash: 39867e6e2f Author-Name: Qiong Li Author-X-Name-First: Qiong Author-X-Name-Last: Li Author-Name: Alessia Nava Author-X-Name-First: Alessia Author-X-Name-Last: Nava Author-Name: Linda M. Reynard Author-X-Name-First: Linda M. Author-X-Name-Last: Reynard Author-Name: Matthew Thirlwall Author-X-Name-First: Matthew Author-X-Name-Last: Thirlwall Author-Name: Luca Bondioli Author-X-Name-First: Luca Author-X-Name-Last: Bondioli Author-Name: Wolfgang Müller Author-X-Name-First: Wolfgang Author-X-Name-Last: Müller Title: Spatially-Resolved Ca Isotopic and Trace Element Variations in Human Deciduous Teeth Record Diet and Physiological Change Abstract: Dental enamel represents an important mineralized archive of an individual’s early life. Previously, isotopic (Ca) or trace element ratios (Sr/Ca, Ba/Ca) have been used to reveal dietary and weaning histories, although few studies have utilized both proxies to evaluate the respective results. Here we report histologically-defined, spatially-resolved Ca-isotope (laser-cut & TIMS) and trace element ratio (Sr/Ca, Ba/Ca; LA-ICPMS) profiles along the enamel-dentine-junction in three deciduous dental crowns of three early twentieth century Italian infants (Modern-22, 27, 29). Modern-27 and Modern-29 display overall similar patterns of Ca-isotope variation and reflect an overall increase of >1.0‰ in δ44/40Ca across and after birth. Whilst the Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca signals of Modern-27 suggest a mixed breast-formula feeding, the two elemental proxies in Modern-29 hint at nearly exclusive breastfeeding until ∼4 months, followed by introduction of formula. A ∼0.5‰ δ44/40Ca decrease across and after birth together with Sr/Ca ratios in Modern-22 suggest a dominant breastfeeding history for the first ∼5–8 months. Enamel Ca-isotope data alone are not sufficient to distinguish between breastfed or formula-fed infants. In addition, Ca-isotope profiles in deciduous enamel suggest a connection between prominent physiological stress like birth and negative Ca-isotope excursions, underlining the physiological overprint of Ca-isotope signatures. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 474-483 Issue: 5 Volume: 27 Year: 2022 Month: 9 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2020.1758988 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2020.1758988 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:27:y:2022:i:5:p:474-483 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1891813_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220823T191300 git hash: 39867e6e2f Author-Name: Fernando Muñiz Guinea Author-X-Name-First: Fernando Author-X-Name-Last: Muñiz Guinea Author-Name: Luis Miguel Cáceres Puro Author-X-Name-First: Luis Miguel Author-X-Name-Last: Cáceres Puro Author-Name: Marta Díaz-Zorita Bonilla Author-X-Name-First: Marta Author-X-Name-Last: Díaz-Zorita Bonilla Author-Name: Juan Manuel Vargas Jiménez Author-X-Name-First: Juan Manuel Author-X-Name-Last: Vargas Jiménez Author-Name: Hervé Bocherens Author-X-Name-First: Hervé Author-X-Name-Last: Bocherens Author-Name: James H. Nebelsick Author-X-Name-First: James H. Author-X-Name-Last: Nebelsick Author-Name: Teodosio Donaire Romero Author-X-Name-First: Teodosio Author-X-Name-Last: Donaire Romero Author-Name: Joaquín Rodríguez Vidal Author-X-Name-First: Joaquín Author-X-Name-Last: Rodríguez Vidal Title: Environmental Implications and Chalcolithic Ornamental Use of Marine Barnacle Shells Present in the Tholos of ‘La Pastora’ (Valencina de la Concepción, Sevilla, Spain) Abstract: The study of a set of marine arthropod shells from an archaeological excavation carried out in 1991–1992 in the tholos of La Pastora (Cooper Age Mega-site of Valencina-Castilleja, S Spain), has highlighted the environmental implications and ornamental use as beads not cited so far for this purpose. It is the barnacle species Chthamalus montagui Southward, 1976, of which are preserved 71 complete specimens. In this study a taxonomic analysis of these organisms is carried out, determining their classification and their physical and ecological characteristics, which make them especially suitable for this use. The interpretation is made regarding the environment in which these organisms were collected during the 3rd millennium BCE. Thus, it points towards a protected coastal area, but with a predominant marine influence, such as the wide marine bay that formed the mouth of the Guadalquivir River in those times. Finally, a radiocarbon analysis of one of these beads and two specimens of another species of barnacle collected in the rocks of the monument, provide a time range of 2760–2200 yr BCE. This range is consistent with the period of activity in the monument estimated by other authors. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 496-507 Issue: 5 Volume: 27 Year: 2022 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2021.1891813 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2021.1891813 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:27:y:2022:i:5:p:496-507 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1829299_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220823T191300 git hash: 39867e6e2f Author-Name: Yunan Zhang Author-X-Name-First: Yunan Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang Author-Name: Guoping Sun Author-X-Name-First: Guoping Author-X-Name-Last: Sun Author-Name: Yingliang Yang Author-X-Name-First: Yingliang Author-X-Name-Last: Yang Author-Name: Xiaohong Wu Author-X-Name-First: Xiaohong Author-X-Name-Last: Wu Title: Reconstruction of the Use of Space at Tianluoshan, China, Based on Palynological and Lipid Evidence Abstract: The spatial heterogeneity at archaeological sites associated with human arrangements has mostly been evidenced by the analyses of artefact assemblages and constructions. Here we test the potentials of - pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs and lipid biomarkers in indicating intra-site spatial patterns and uses of space at the waterlogged archaeological site of Tianluoshan, Lower Yangtze Region, China. Freshwater humid area and terrestrial residential space are identified from the western and eastern areas of the site, evidenced by the accumulations of algal and fern spores, and fungal spores, separately. The interior and exterior spaces of the pile dwellings are tentatively differentiated based on the assemblages of lignin- and cellulose-decomposing fungi. The presence of coprophilous fungal spores and pollen species from diverse origins further points to the organisation of different activity areas for food processing and disposal of waste. In lipid biomarkers, major spatial patterns of alcohol and fatty acid distributions are related to long chain homologues from terrestrial plant remains transported through water in the western area, and homologues with shorter chain lengths in the pile dwellings. It can be concluded that non-pollen palynomorphs best indicate the local environments and spatial patterns in the present study. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 461-473 Issue: 5 Volume: 27 Year: 2022 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2020.1829299 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2020.1829299 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:27:y:2022:i:5:p:461-473 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1921675_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220823T191300 git hash: 39867e6e2f Author-Name: Lua Valenzuela-Suau Author-X-Name-First: Lua Author-X-Name-Last: Valenzuela-Suau Author-Name: Sílvia Valenzuela-Lamas Author-X-Name-First: Sílvia Author-X-Name-Last: Valenzuela-Lamas Author-Name: Damià Ramis Author-X-Name-First: Damià Author-X-Name-Last: Ramis Author-Name: Delphine Bosch Author-X-Name-First: Delphine Author-X-Name-Last: Bosch Title: Caprine Mobility on the Balearic Islands During the Middle and Late Bronze Age (ca. 1600–850 BC): First Results Based on Strontium Isotopes (87Sr/86Sr) Abstract: This study presents the 87Sr/86Sr ratios from the tooth enamel of 57 sheep and goat specimens, in order to explore animal mobility in the Middle and Late Bronze Age society of the Balearic Islands (Naviform period). Seven archaeological sites from Mallorca and Menorca located in different biotopes and with different functionalities were selected. The results provide some of the first data on the geographic range of meat provisioning at each site. In addition, several present-day leaves, as well as tooth dentine and bones were analysed to assess local strontium isotopic ratios in different geological layers existing in the Balearic Islands. The results suggest that most caprines were sourced from the neighbouring areas of each site, but also suggest a correlation between strontium isotope variability and site function: domestic settlements and sites related with maritime exchanges had significantly more variability compared to fortified sites. In addition, the ritual cave of Cova del Camp del Bisbe had the highest diversity of strontium isotopic ratios, thus suggesting that caprines were brought here from a variety of different locations. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 484-495 Issue: 5 Volume: 27 Year: 2022 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2021.1921675 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2021.1921675 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:27:y:2022:i:5:p:484-495 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1893586_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Jean-François Cudennec Author-X-Name-First: Jean-François Author-X-Name-Last: Cudennec Author-Name: Yves-Marie Paulet Author-X-Name-First: Yves-Marie Author-X-Name-Last: Paulet Title: Characterising Inter-Individual Growth Variability of Patella vulgata Shell Through Calcein Marking Experiments: Consequences for Palaeo-Environmental Studies Abstract: Sclerochronological data from archaeological shell middens provides crucial information about past environments and subsistence practices of coastal human populations. These studies rely on a strong knowledge of species-specific growth patterns, as it is the main driver of the quantity and quality of information recorded in biogenic carbonates. The limpet Patella vulgata is highly represented in eastern Atlantic shell middens. In this study, the micro-increment formation of its shell was investigated through in situ marking experiments, using calcein fluorochrome (150 mg.L−1) coupled with cohort study and local SST recording. Calcein-stained growth structures confirmed the efficacy of the fluorochrome, and our results shows a disturbed tidal increment formation, with on average more than one increment per day, but less than one increment per tide. Growth is not mainly influenced by environmental factors, but could be forced by competition among limpets and endogenous factor (age and sex), resulting in a highly heterogenous population in terms of growth rates. Growth interruption could not be detected solely by micro-increment observation, causing a major issue for cross-calibration with recorded temperatures, sclerochronological estimation of growth and isotopic profiles. For palaeo-environmental application, we recommend to consider that there is no general population pattern, even at a micro-habitat scale. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 525-538 Issue: 6 Volume: 27 Year: 2022 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2021.1893586 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2021.1893586 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:27:y:2022:i:6:p:525-538 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1877511_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Robert D. McCulloch Author-X-Name-First: Robert D. Author-X-Name-Last: McCulloch Author-Name: Eileen W. Tisdall Author-X-Name-First: Eileen W. Author-X-Name-Last: Tisdall Author-Name: Mike Cressey Author-X-Name-First: Mike Author-X-Name-Last: Cressey Title: Roman Frontiers and Landscapes of Occupation: Road Building and Landscape Change in the Hadrianic-Antonine Frontier Zone Abstract: Dere Street is the Roman road which ran north from Eboracum (York), crossing the Stanegate at Corbridge and continuing into what is now Scotland. The road served a military and economic purpose facilitating the transport of troops and trade north and south across the frontier zone. Here we present a well resolved palaeoenvironmental record within the Hadrianic-Antonine frontier zone that is tied directly to the archaeological evidence for Dere street. The evidence indicates limited woodland clearance during the Neolithic and Bronze Age followed by large scale woodland clearance at c. 890 BC, with woodland replaced by open grassland indicating that throughout the Iron Age land use was primarily pastoral. Dere Street was constructed in (AD 79–81) and when the Roman road builders arrived at Dun Law the landscape was largely open. Limited local timber resources meant that hazel scrub cover was probably used to construct the road with evidence to suggest that other timber resources were brought in from outside the site. The landscape at Dun Law was predominantly grazed during and post Roman occupation and there is some evidence for shifts in intensity of grazing from c. AD 950. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 508-524 Issue: 6 Volume: 27 Year: 2022 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2021.1877511 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2021.1877511 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:27:y:2022:i:6:p:508-524 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1918485_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: John M. Marston Author-X-Name-First: John M. Author-X-Name-Last: Marston Author-Name: Canan Çakırlar Author-X-Name-First: Canan Author-X-Name-Last: Çakırlar Author-Name: Christina Luke Author-X-Name-First: Christina Author-X-Name-Last: Luke Author-Name: Peter Kováčik Author-X-Name-First: Peter Author-X-Name-Last: Kováčik Author-Name: Francesca G. Slim Author-X-Name-First: Francesca G. Author-X-Name-Last: Slim Author-Name: Nami Shin Author-X-Name-First: Nami Author-X-Name-Last: Shin Author-Name: Christopher H. Roosevelt Author-X-Name-First: Christopher H. Author-X-Name-Last: Roosevelt Title: Agropastoral Economies and Land Use in Bronze Age Western Anatolia Abstract: The Middle and Late Bronze Ages of western Anatolia (modern Turkey) remains poorly understood in comparison with its Mycenaean and Hittite neighbours, especially in agricultural economies and land use. Kaymakçı is the largest Middle and Late Bronze Age citadel excavated to date in western Anatolia and new archaeobotanical and zooarchaeological data from the site presented here shed new light on regional agricultural economies and land use. Agricultural practices at Kaymakçı focused on barley and bitter vetch farming and pig, caprine, and cattle husbandry within a diverse and extensive economic system that made substantial use of wild plants and animals for food, technology, and fuel. Goats and pigs were managed primarily for meat, while sheep and cattle were managed to produce a range of secondary products. Wood charcoal analysis reconstructs both deciduous and evergreen oak woodlands, which also dominate the contemporary landscape. In regional perspective, Kaymakçı is most similar to the northern Aegean agricultural tradition, but with elements of Anatolian practices as well, representing a hybrid position between the Aegean and Anatolian worlds as seen in other lines of archaeological evidence from the site. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 539-553 Issue: 6 Volume: 27 Year: 2022 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2021.1918485 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2021.1918485 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:27:y:2022:i:6:p:539-553 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1896205_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Roberta J. Magnusson Author-X-Name-First: Roberta J. Author-X-Name-Last: Magnusson Title: Urban Infrastructures & Environmental Risk in Medieval England Abstract: Medieval city walls, bridges, and harbours stood at the interface between the worlds of man and nature. Wind, ice, rainwater, scour, tidal flows, littoral drift, erosion, silting, micro-organisms, and the growth of vegetation compromised the integrity of structural fabrics and choked up ditches, rivers, and harbour basins. These ‘slow disasters’ of incremental degradation were periodically punctuated by ‘fast disasters’ such as devastating floods or violent gales. To keep their public works from falling into ruin, civic authorities had to devise regular maintenance regimes and tackle intermittent large-scale repairs. Infrastructure sustainability became a particularly acute problem during the late middle ages. Climate change accelerated the intensity and frequency of environmental stressors, while urban populations declined in the wake of the Black Death. Economic disruptions were driving up the costs of building materials and labour while the customary sources of infrastructure incomes were shrinking. The growing mismatch in scale between rising infrastructure costs and falling resources was not just another wobble that could be corrected by a renewed mobilisation of traditional recovery mechanisms. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 3-11 Issue: 1 Volume: 28 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2021.1896205 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2021.1896205 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:28:y:2023:i:1:p:3-11 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1916374_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Axel Christophersen Author-X-Name-First: Axel Author-X-Name-Last: Christophersen Title: Medieval Urban Environment: Between Mental and Material Practices Abstract: This article raises the question of how natural conditions and social practices interacted and provided groundbreaking premises for the development of the medieval urban physical environment. The main hypothesis is twofold: (a) that social practices in medieval urban communities are entangled with natural processes, (b) that mentality, knowledge and experience as elements in social practices are fundamental to the comprehension of the development of physical environment in medieval towns. The article introduces elements from social practice theory to outline a theoretical framework. The article also invokes a study of urban ecosystems in which the term ‘social-ecological system’ (SES) places intentions, meaning and symbolic constructions to the forefront of the study of urban environmental development. By using empirical examples from two medieval Norwegian towns, Trondheim and Bergen, I aim to elucidate how the urban population shared norms and concepts which were key prerequisites for how urban physical environment developed through the Middle Ages. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 12-21 Issue: 1 Volume: 28 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2021.1916374 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2021.1916374 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:28:y:2023:i:1:p:12-21 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1935159_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Per Christian Underhaug Author-X-Name-First: Per Christian Author-X-Name-Last: Underhaug Title: A Town Shaped by Water? Water Management and the Development of Public Space in Bergen in the Early Medieval Period Abstract: In this paper I discuss urban planning and water management, primarily the development of drainage systems, based on the results of recent excavations in the Vågsbunnen area. The abundance of water from rainfall, rivers and streams was certainly a very important resource for the development of the early urban Bergen. It necessitated interventions of regulation and drainage that contributed strongly to the organisation of the Vågsbunnen area. While water management systems are previously known from the Bryggen area, recent excavations have uncovered previously unknown water management systems from the 11th century onwards in the Vågsbunnen area, suggesting that water management was a strategy right from the beginning of urban settlement. The rapid growth and expansion of the medieval town required strategies to control the water in the public spaces of the town. This led to the development of different types of water management systems, specialised for different needs. In this article, the archaeological material from previous and new excavations are studied in juxtaposition to written sources and geological data, in order to investigate the nature and development of these water management systems, and how they contributed to the urban development of the town. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 22-34 Issue: 1 Volume: 28 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2021.1935159 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2021.1935159 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:28:y:2023:i:1:p:22-34 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_2154947_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Stefka G. Eriksen Author-X-Name-First: Stefka G. Author-X-Name-Last: Eriksen Author-Name: Elise Naumann Author-X-Name-First: Elise Author-X-Name-Last: Naumann Title: Nature and Culture in Medieval Towns Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 1-2 Issue: 1 Volume: 28 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2022.2154947 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2022.2154947 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:28:y:2023:i:1:p:1-2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1953935_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949 Author-Name: Stefka G. Eriksen Author-X-Name-First: Stefka G. Author-X-Name-Last: Eriksen Title: Castles of the Mind in Old Norse Culture: Archeological and Literary Evidence of St. Clement’s Church in Niðaróss Abstract: This article juxtaposes the recently excavated archeological remains of St. Clement’s church in medieval Niðaróss (five wooden churches on top of each other with a material connection to a sixth older church) to the way the church is described in Snorri Sturluson’s Heimskringla, the long saga about Óláfr Tryggvason, and the Icelandic Laxdæla saga. The main aim of this article is to investigate whether the material continuity of the site, as attested by the archeology, is directly reflected in the literary sources, or whether cultural continuity is emphasised in a different way in the literary sources. The material and textual evidence will be interpreted to reveal new insights about the nature of and dynamics between natural/material and cultural/ideological continuity in medieval Christendom. The discussion also has further implications concerning interdisciplinary methods in medieval studies and environmental history. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 35-44 Issue: 1 Volume: 28 Year: 2023 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2021.1953935 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2021.1953935 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:28:y:2023:i:1:p:35-44 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1867292_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Petra Vaiglova Author-X-Name-First: Petra Author-X-Name-Last: Vaiglova Author-Name: John Coleman Author-X-Name-First: John Author-X-Name-Last: Coleman Author-Name: Charlotte Diffey Author-X-Name-First: Charlotte Author-X-Name-Last: Diffey Author-Name: Vasiliki Tzevelekidi Author-X-Name-First: Vasiliki Author-X-Name-Last: Tzevelekidi Author-Name: Melanie Fillios Author-X-Name-First: Melanie Author-X-Name-Last: Fillios Author-Name: Maria Pappa Author-X-Name-First: Maria Author-X-Name-Last: Pappa Author-Name: Paul Halstead Author-X-Name-First: Paul Author-X-Name-Last: Halstead Author-Name: Soultana Maria Valamoti Author-X-Name-First: Soultana Maria Author-X-Name-Last: Valamoti Author-Name: William Cavanagh Author-X-Name-First: William Author-X-Name-Last: Cavanagh Author-Name: Josette Renard Author-X-Name-First: Josette Author-X-Name-Last: Renard Author-Name: Michael Buckley Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Buckley Author-Name: Amy Bogaard Author-X-Name-First: Amy Author-X-Name-Last: Bogaard Title: Exploring Diversity in Neolithic Agropastoral Management in Mainland Greece Using Stable Isotope Analysis Abstract: New stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope values of charred plant and bone collagen remains from 6th mill. BCE Halai, central Greece, together with datasets from 6th mill. BCE Kouphovouno, southern Greece, and later 6th/early 5th mill. BCE Makriyalos, northern Greece, demonstrate how early farming communities in mainland Greece adapted mixed farming strategies to distinct local environmental and cultural settings. Intra-site similarities and differences in δ13C and δ15N values of distinct crop species, along with the intra-species variabilities in stable isotopic values, are used to assess the cultivation choices that farmers at the three sites made to fulfil distinct economic goals. At Halai, farmers cultivated multiple crops under variable soil conditions, a strategy likely geared towards minimising overall risk in a relatively arid coastal setting. At better-watered Kouphovouno, by contrast, farmers practiced strategic manuring to maximise the yield of free-threshing wheat, likely grown exclusively for human consumption and rotated with nitrogen-fixing pulses. At Makriyalos, the limited sample size of cereal remains suggests a lack of intensive manuring, in contrast to the two other sites. Assessment of which crops may have been consumed by livestock sheds further light on symbiotic relationships between crop cultivation and animal husbandry. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 62-85 Issue: 2 Volume: 28 Year: 2023 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2020.1867292 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2020.1867292 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:28:y:2023:i:2:p:62-85 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1985918_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Michaela Ptáková Author-X-Name-First: Michaela Author-X-Name-Last: Ptáková Author-Name: Petr Šída Author-X-Name-First: Petr Author-X-Name-Last: Šída Author-Name: Václav Vondrovský Author-X-Name-First: Václav Author-X-Name-Last: Vondrovský Author-Name: Petr Pokorný Author-X-Name-First: Petr Author-X-Name-Last: Pokorný Title: Islands of Difference: An Ecologically Explicit Model of Central European Neolithisation Abstract: This paper explores the relationship between Mesolithic hunter-gatherers, Neolithic farmers and prehistoric herders using a regional-scale analysis of two agriculturally peripheral areas in Bohemia (Czech Republic). Both regions represent ecologically diverse islands used by hunter-gatherer communities for their rich natural resources and set within uniform loess basins colonised by the first LBK farmers. Based on settlement dynamics, radiocarbon dating, artefactual and rich palaeoecological evidence, this thematic review attempts to illustrate how the use of well-defined spatiotemporal scales can affect our perception of the Mesolithic/Neolithic interface. This approach shows that hunter-gathering traditions persisted in the two model areas long enough to allow interaction with incoming farmers and thus that in particular landscapes the transition might have been a slow and gradual process during which the subsistence categories of hunter-gatherers, herders, and farmers overlapped and interacted. Such interactions could have included shared distribution networks of some raw materials and the contemporaneous exploitation by herders and hunter-gatherers of diverse territories rich in natural resources. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 124-132 Issue: 2 Volume: 28 Year: 2023 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2021.1985918 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2021.1985918 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:28:y:2023:i:2:p:124-132 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1911769_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: L. Caruso Fermé Author-X-Name-First: L. Author-X-Name-Last: Caruso Fermé Author-Name: M. T. Civalero Author-X-Name-First: M. T. Author-X-Name-Last: Civalero Author-Name: C. A. Aschero Author-X-Name-First: C. A. Author-X-Name-Last: Aschero Title: Wood Technology: Production Sequences and Use of Woody Raw Materials among Hunter-Gatherer Patagonian Groups (Argentina) Abstract: The objective of this work is to reconstruct production sequences and use of woody raw materials among Patagonian hunter-gatherer groups. To this end, we studied small fragments of non-carbonized wood, pieces of wood with distinct types of technological features and formatized artefacts and/or wooden tools from two archaeological sites in south-central Argentine Patagonia. The taxonomic results showed the recurrent use of two taxa, Nothofagus pumilio and Berberis sp., among distinct occupations corresponding to both the early and late Holocene. The morphological and traceological results demonstrate the implementation of different technical operations such as the debarking and the roughing of the wood, as well as bevelled and perimeter cuts. They also show the recurrent presence of certain technological features and traces in woods and artefacts associated with distinct occupations in the Holocene. To sum up, the results reached reaffirm the existence of a selective practice of woody plant species to be used as raw material, and at the same time, the results reveal the existence of a sustained formatization over time and suggest the existence of production sequences related to the development of wood technology among Patagonian hunter-gatherer groups. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 110-123 Issue: 2 Volume: 28 Year: 2023 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2021.1911769 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2021.1911769 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:28:y:2023:i:2:p:110-123 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1846451_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Nahuel A. Scheifler Author-X-Name-First: Nahuel A. Author-X-Name-Last: Scheifler Author-Name: Mariano L. Merino Author-X-Name-First: Mariano L. Author-X-Name-Last: Merino Author-Name: Paula Vitale Author-X-Name-First: Paula Author-X-Name-Last: Vitale Author-Name: Cristian A. Kaufmann Author-X-Name-First: Cristian A. Author-X-Name-Last: Kaufmann Author-Name: Pablo G. Messineo Author-X-Name-First: Pablo G. Author-X-Name-Last: Messineo Author-Name: María Clara Álvarez Author-X-Name-First: María Clara Author-X-Name-Last: Álvarez Author-Name: Hervé Bocherens Author-X-Name-First: Hervé Author-X-Name-Last: Bocherens Title: Isotopic Ecology in Modern and Holocene Populations of Pampas Deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) from Eastern Central Argentina. Implications for Conservation Biology and Ecological Models of Hunter-gatherer Subsistence Abstract: The Pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) is an endangered ungulate from South American. The following paper presents the first investigation on the isotopic ecology (δ13Ccollagen; δ15Ncollagen) of modern populations of Pampas deer. The information obtained is compared with new δ13C and δ15N data of Pampas deer bones recovered from archaeological sites in the Central Pampean Dunefields (Inland Pampa phytogeographic area) and with previously published archeofaunistic isotope data for sites from eastern central Argentina. The range of δ13C values of Pampas deer is broad, ranging from a diet dominated by C3 plants to a mixed diet of C3 and C4 plants. The δ15N values mainly show distinct signals between the Atlantic coast and the interior. The diet breadth of the Pampas deer suggests a high adaptability to different environments, a crucial factor for conservation programs of this species. The δ13C values of the Inland Pampa do not show great differences between the Middle Holocene, Late Holocene and today. Adaptation strategies of the Pampas deer to the environmental changes during the Holocene were not associated with a modification of their feeding habits, but rather with social and demographic strategies. These variations in ecology conditioned the predictability of this prey for hunter-gatherers. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 45-61 Issue: 2 Volume: 28 Year: 2023 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2020.1846451 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2020.1846451 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:28:y:2023:i:2:p:45-61 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1877512_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Itamar Taxel Author-X-Name-First: Itamar Author-X-Name-Last: Taxel Title: Towards an Integration of Historical Trees into the Mediterranean Archaeological Record: Case Studies from Central Israel Abstract: The concept of more-than-human agency maintains that objects, animals and plants can act as agents with various effects on people and that trees specifically may play a role in shaping and changing spaces (hence constituting a ‘planty agency’). Also, trees usually outlive several human generations and can therefore be termed ‘historical trees.’ Although this issue is especially relevant for the discipline of landscape archaeology, no systematic methodology has been developed as to how to integrate historical trees in the archaeological documentation of sites and landscapes. Furthermore, there is no scholarly consensus about acknowledging historical trees as legitimate targets for archaeological research from the outset. In this study it is claimed that historical planted (and sometimes wild) trees form relics of intra- and (mainly) inter-settlement cultural landscapes of the recent past. Hence, historical trees can be treated as arboreal evidence that should be interpreted alongside the cultural/material evidence. The great potential of historical trees for archaeological and historical research is demonstrated by seven case studies from Israel’s coastal region which represent various spatial and functional contexts dated to the late medieval, Ottoman and British Mandate periods. Based on these examples a basic methodology for the documentation of historical trees is suggested. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 86-109 Issue: 2 Volume: 28 Year: 2023 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2021.1877512 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2021.1877512 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:28:y:2023:i:2:p:86-109 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1880683_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Phil Stastney Author-X-Name-First: Phil Author-X-Name-Last: Stastney Author-Name: Rob Scaife Author-X-Name-First: Rob Author-X-Name-Last: Scaife Author-Name: Lara Gonzalez Carretero Author-X-Name-First: Lara Gonzalez Author-X-Name-Last: Carretero Author-Name: John E. Whittaker Author-X-Name-First: John E. Author-X-Name-Last: Whittaker Author-Name: Nigel Cameron Author-X-Name-First: Nigel Author-X-Name-Last: Cameron Author-Name: Enid Allison Author-X-Name-First: Enid Author-X-Name-Last: Allison Title: Modelling Prehistoric Topography and Vegetation in the Lower Thames Valley, UK: Palaeoenvironmental Context for Wetland Archaeology and Evidence for Neolithic Landnám from North Woolwich Abstract: Multi-proxy investigations at 2 Pier Road, North Woolwich, London, UK, have revealed deposits spanning the Middle-Late Holocene from the late Mesolithic (c. 4360 cal BC) onwards. Pollen data show an Elm Decline at c. 4210–3950 cal BC followed by landnám clearances at c. 4210–3910 cal BC and c. 3710–3030 cal BC and the first appearance of cereal at c. 3540–3030 cal BC. These events are potentially contemporary with the construction of nearby Neolithic trackways, providing indirect evidence for agriculture and settlement. REVEALS modelling shows the first significant reduction in woodland cover is coincident with the Neolithic Elm decline, but the main step-change to open conditions occurred in the Early Bronze Age, following a decline in lime at c. 2110–1630 cal BC. Palaeo-topographic modelling of the region shows that although the trend towards increasing openness coincides with gradual wetland expansion, the shift to open vegetation cover cannot be explained by this and is probably the result of human activity. This study highlights the value of combining deposit and vegetation cover modelling to contextualise wetland archaeology and shows that together these provide useful proxies for landscape-scale human activity that can identify ephemeral signals of prehistoric activity. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 133-149 Issue: 3 Volume: 28 Year: 2023 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2021.1880683 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2021.1880683 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:28:y:2023:i:3:p:133-149 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1962497_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Lisa Yeomans Author-X-Name-First: Lisa Author-X-Name-Last: Yeomans Author-Name: Pernille Bangsgaard Author-X-Name-First: Pernille Author-X-Name-Last: Bangsgaard Author-Name: Golnaz Ahadi Author-X-Name-First: Golnaz Author-X-Name-Last: Ahadi Title: Perinatal Remains of Livestock: An Under-utilised Line of Evidence for Animal Penning in the Neolithic of Southwest Asia Abstract: Archaeological evidence for penned animals is increasingly used to indicate managed livestock. Advances in techniques allowing the identification of dung and urine-derived components in sediments have enabled the expansion of this line of enquiry. Corralling animals into settlements protected them from predators at night and provided more control over their breeding. Deposits associated with livestock management at Neolithic settlements across Southwest Asia sometimes contain bones of perinatal animals. Reviewing the literature, it is evident that these faunal remains are not systematically reported or preserved in all burial environments. However, their distribution may reflect different patterns of livestock integration into human settlements. The presence of perinatal remains at sites where early livestock herding took place has important implications. Not only are they compelling evidence for herd management, particularly if there is also evidence for penning deposits, but also death of livestock during the perinatal phase of life informs us about the health of animals in early herds. This in turn, provides information about the skills needed by early pastoralists as they developed animal management strategies and the possible effect of transmissible diseases as animals were kept together in closer proximity. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 207-221 Issue: 3 Volume: 28 Year: 2023 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2021.1962497 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2021.1962497 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:28:y:2023:i:3:p:207-221 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1959188_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Sarath Pullyottum Kavil Author-X-Name-First: Sarath Pullyottum Author-X-Name-Last: Kavil Author-Name: Prabhakaran Ramya Bala Author-X-Name-First: Prabhakaran Ramya Author-X-Name-Last: Bala Author-Name: Devanita Ghosh Author-X-Name-First: Devanita Author-X-Name-Last: Ghosh Author-Name: Pankaj Kumar Author-X-Name-First: Pankaj Author-X-Name-Last: Kumar Author-Name: Raman Sukumar Author-X-Name-First: Raman Author-X-Name-Last: Sukumar Title: Climate Change and the Migration of a Pastoralist People c. 3500 cal. Years BP Inferred from Palaeofire and Lipid Biomarker Records in the Montane Western Ghats, India Abstract: Human migration in response to past climate change has been recorded globally. The pastoralist Todas are believed to have colonised the higher elevations (>2000 m asl) of the Nilgiris, Western Ghats, India, after ∼2000 cal. yr BP. During the late Quaternary, climate-induced vegetation shifts in tropical montane forest-grassland mosaic of the Nilgiris have been well-documented using stable carbon isotopes and pollen, but there have been no corresponding investigations of human activity. We used several proxies to infer the human ecology of this region. Radiocarbon-dated (∼22,000 cal. yr BP to the present) peat from Sandynallah (2200 m asl) was used to reconstruct fire history, animal abundance, and human presence since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). While macro-charcoal records fires at the LGM, macro- and micro-charcoal indicate intense fire at ∼3500 cal. yr BP, coprophilous fungal spores indicate abundant herbivorous mammals, n-alkane signatures point to arid grassland vegetation, and steroid biomarkers show human faecal remains for the first time. We infer that a pastoralist people, most likely the Todas, migrated to the montane Nilgiris along with their buffaloes in response to prolonged or abrupt climate change in peninsular India ∼3500 cal yr BP or ~1500 years prior to what historical accounts assume. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 192-206 Issue: 3 Volume: 28 Year: 2023 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2021.1959188 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2021.1959188 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:28:y:2023:i:3:p:192-206 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1921676_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Corinne L. Hofman Author-X-Name-First: Corinne L. Author-X-Name-Last: Hofman Author-Name: Jaime R. Pagán-Jiménez Author-X-Name-First: Jaime R. Author-X-Name-Last: Pagán-Jiménez Author-Name: Michael H. Field Author-X-Name-First: Michael H. Author-X-Name-Last: Field Author-Name: Henry Hooghiemstra Author-X-Name-First: Henry Author-X-Name-Last: Hooghiemstra Author-Name: Julijan A.M. Vermeer Author-X-Name-First: Julijan A.M. Author-X-Name-Last: Vermeer Author-Name: Philippa Jorissen Author-X-Name-First: Philippa Author-X-Name-Last: Jorissen Author-Name: Sebastiaan Knippenberg Author-X-Name-First: Sebastiaan Author-X-Name-Last: Knippenberg Author-Name: Benoît Bérard Author-X-Name-First: Benoît Author-X-Name-Last: Bérard Author-Name: Menno L.P. Hoogland Author-X-Name-First: Menno L.P. Author-X-Name-Last: Hoogland Title: Mangrove Archives: Unravelling Human-environment Interactions from Deeply Buried Deposits at the Site Anse Trabaud, Martinique, Lesser Antilles (1290–780 cal BP) Abstract: The site of Anse Trabaud on Martinique in the Windward Islands of the Lesser Antilles has yielded valuable information about human occupation from deep beneath its surface. The site is located in the southeastern part of the island, an area vulnerable to extreme wave events. The archaeological deposits are dated to 1290–780 cal BP (2σ). The earliest horizon is buried under thick layers of mangrove sediments. The deeply buried deposits have allowed excellent preservation of inorganic and organic remains providing an unexpected opportunity to reconstruct the paleoenvironmental conditions of past human settlement, and to study human-environment interactions and social adaptation to climate challenges in this part of the Caribbean archipelago. The cultural remains provide invaluable information into the exploitation of the surroundings of the site as well as into the subsistence patterns, material culture repertoires, procurement strategies and use and exchange of raw materials and tools. Additionally, the excellent preservation of organic materials offers new insights into food plants grown and harvested on-site, and then processed and consumed. The environmental challenges incited the Anse Trabaud community to adapt their settlement organisation and procurement strategies over time and underscore the importance of their participation in a regional and social network of mobility and exchange. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 166-191 Issue: 3 Volume: 28 Year: 2023 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2021.1921676 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2021.1921676 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:28:y:2023:i:3:p:166-191 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1888847_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Daisy Eleanor Spencer Author-X-Name-First: Daisy Eleanor Author-X-Name-Last: Spencer Author-Name: Aaron Potito Author-X-Name-First: Aaron Author-X-Name-Last: Potito Author-Name: Karen Molloy Author-X-Name-First: Karen Author-X-Name-Last: Molloy Author-Name: Anna Martini Author-X-Name-First: Anna Author-X-Name-Last: Martini Author-Name: Henry Frentzel Author-X-Name-First: Henry Author-X-Name-Last: Frentzel Author-Name: Carleton Jones Author-X-Name-First: Carleton Author-X-Name-Last: Jones Title: Prehistoric Farming Impacts and Erosion Revealed Through a Palaeolimnological Investigation of Lough Inchiquin, Co. Clare, Western Ireland Abstract: This paper presents the results of a multi-proxy, palaeolimnological investigation of Lough Inchiquin, a large lake located immediately south of the Burren, a distinctive karst landscape in Co Clare, western Ireland which has been exploited since the Neolithic period. Chironomid sub-fossil analysis and lake sediment geochemistry provides an opportunity to infer lake response to prehistoric farming activity. The results of these new analyses are contextualised by pollen and loss-on-ignition evidence from the same lake catchment. The combined data of chironomid, loss-on-ignition (LOI550, LOI950 and non-combustible fraction (NCF)), organic geochemistry (δ13Corg, δ15N, Corg:N ratio), inorganic geochemistry (Ti, Fe, Mn, S and δ18O) and fossil pollen has allowed for an in-depth understanding of the palaeolimnological and palaeoenvironmental changes from the Mesolithic to the Late Bronze Age (c. 4590–660 BC) in the catchment of Lough Inchiquin. The data highlight the increasing ecological impact of anthropogenic activity through time and provide well-dated evidence for the initiation of Holocene soil erosion from the Burren. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 150-165 Issue: 3 Volume: 28 Year: 2023 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2021.1888847 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2021.1888847 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:28:y:2023:i:3:p:150-165 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1882715_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Alexander Weide Author-X-Name-First: Alexander Author-X-Name-Last: Weide Author-Name: John G. Hodgson Author-X-Name-First: John G. Author-X-Name-Last: Hodgson Author-Name: Hagar Leschner Author-X-Name-First: Hagar Author-X-Name-Last: Leschner Author-Name: Guy Dovrat Author-X-Name-First: Guy Author-X-Name-Last: Dovrat Author-Name: Jade Whitlam Author-X-Name-First: Jade Author-X-Name-Last: Whitlam Author-Name: Neta Manela Author-X-Name-First: Neta Author-X-Name-Last: Manela Author-Name: Yoel Melamed Author-X-Name-First: Yoel Author-X-Name-Last: Melamed Author-Name: Yagil Osem Author-X-Name-First: Yagil Author-X-Name-Last: Osem Author-Name: Amy Bogaard Author-X-Name-First: Amy Author-X-Name-Last: Bogaard Title: The Association of Arable Weeds with Modern Wild Cereal Habitats: Implications for Reconstructing the Origins of Plant Cultivation in the Levant Abstract: Reconstructing the origins of plant cultivation in southwest Asia is crucial for understanding associated processes such as the emergence of sedentary communities and domesticated crops. Among the criteria archaeobotanists developed for identifying the earliest plant cultivation, the presence of potential arable weeds found in association with wild cereal and legume remains has been used as a basis for supporting models of prolonged wild plant cultivation before domesticated crops appear. However, the proposed weed floras mainly consist of genus-level identifications that do not differentiate between arable weeds and related species that characterise non-arable habitats. Here we test, for the first time, whether the potential arable weed taxa widely used to identify wild plant cultivation also occur in non-cultivated wild cereal populations. Based on modern survey data from the southern Levant we show that the proposed weed taxa characterise both grasslands and fields. Our findings, therefore, do not support the use of these taxa for reconstructing early cultivation. Instead, for future studies we suggest an approach based on the analysis of plant functional traits related to major agroecological variables such as fertility and disturbance, which has the potential to overcome some of the methodological problems. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 296-311 Issue: 4 Volume: 28 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2021.1882715 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2021.1882715 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:28:y:2023:i:4:p:296-311 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1962578_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Claudia Speciale Author-X-Name-First: Claudia Author-X-Name-Last: Speciale Author-Name: Nunzia Larosa Author-X-Name-First: Nunzia Author-X-Name-Last: Larosa Author-Name: Francesca Spatafora Author-X-Name-First: Francesca Author-X-Name-Last: Spatafora Author-Name: Alba Maria Gabriella Calascibetta Author-X-Name-First: Alba Maria Gabriella Author-X-Name-Last: Calascibetta Author-Name: Gian Pietro Di Sansebastiano Author-X-Name-First: Gian Pietro Di Author-X-Name-Last: Sansebastiano Author-Name: Giuseppina Battaglia Author-X-Name-First: Giuseppina Author-X-Name-Last: Battaglia Author-Name: Salvatore Pasta Author-X-Name-First: Salvatore Author-X-Name-Last: Pasta Title: Archaeobotanical and Historical Insights on Some Steps of Forest Cover Disruption at Ustica Island (Sicily, Italy) from Prehistory Until Present day Abstract: This paper interprets the first archaeobotanical data to emerge from the island of Ustica (north-western Sicily, Italy). The excavation of the Neolithic site of Piano dei Cardoni (4600-4200 cal BC) and the Middle Bronze Age site of Faraglioni Village (1500-1250 cal BC), has made it possible to analyse plant macro-remains and compare them with data on local vegetation obtained from both historical literary sources and recent field surveys. The onset of agro-pastoral practices in the mid-5th millennium BC brought about significant changes to the local pristine plant communities. Indeed, the presence of holm oaks and pine trees in that period was recently detected for the first time. The evolution of the local vegetation following the first human settlement in the Neolithic has some crucial parallels with what happened following the recolonisation of the mid-eighteenth century. The massive presence of olive trees during the Middle Bronze Age suggests the deliberate introduction of this crop species on the island and attests to olives’ paramount importance for the local economy at that time. The disappearance of some woody species shows that human occupation has had a powerful impact on the island’s forest resources, which partially recovered during the repeated long phases of land abandonment. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 312-327 Issue: 4 Volume: 28 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2021.1962578 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2021.1962578 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:28:y:2023:i:4:p:312-327 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1905475_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Krzysztof Michalczewski Author-X-Name-First: Krzysztof Author-X-Name-Last: Michalczewski Author-Name: Andriey P. Borodovskiy Author-X-Name-First: Andriey P. Author-X-Name-Last: Borodovskiy Author-Name: Łukasz Oleszczak Author-X-Name-First: Łukasz Author-X-Name-Last: Oleszczak Title: The Ritual Use of Animal Scapulae in Central Asia in the Xiongnu-Xianbei-Rouran Period Abstract: The scapula bone is bestowed with a particular prominence among the various traditional Siberian tribes. Besides its rich symbolic importance, the shoulder blade is connected with shamanistic rituals and in particular, fortunetelling. Scapulimancy (telling fortunes from the scapula) is a tradition with its roots in ancient China. Historical chronicles and ethnographic research on scapulimancy in Central Asia had led archaeologists to assign a ritual meaning to scapulae with regular perforations. This paper is to present the problematic matter of distinction of fortunetelling scapulae in the archaeological material. Another aim is to sum up historical and ethnographic data regarding scapulimancy. A comprehensive approach to this topic was also provided by microscopic observations on the materials from the settlement Chultukov Log-9 (Altai, Russian Federation), dated back to the Xiongnu-Xianbei-Rouran period. Excavations were conducted by the authors of this paper in 2012–2016. Experiments were also conducted in order to distinguish shoulder blades of utilitarian character (tools) from those of ritual use. In general, this issue shows the importance of animal symbolism in crucial matters for pastoral, nomadic and semi-nomadic peoples. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 285-295 Issue: 4 Volume: 28 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2021.1905475 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2021.1905475 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:28:y:2023:i:4:p:285-295 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1953936_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Ulana Gocman Author-X-Name-First: Ulana Author-X-Name-Last: Gocman Title: Livestock Subsistence Strategies in the Middle and Late Bronze Age Lesser Poland Abstract: Polish archaeological studies of the last century concerning the development of the settlement network and economic changes in the Lusatian culture (1350–450 BC) in areas of southern Poland prompted the theory that in the initial phase of this culture in Lesser Poland, the economic strategies were the same as in the Upper Silesia, the area from which the settlers came. The cultivation of the native economic model was possible because the Lusatian population migrating from Silesia in the south-east to Lesser Poland settled in environmentally similar areas (loess). This theory was built on the basis of general environmental observations and analyses of the historical ceramic material. To check the validity of the aforementioned thesis, I have analysed a number of faunal materials obtained from three large Lusatian settlements located in loess areas near Krakow. Osteological material was subjected to a comprehensive analysis taking into account the species composition, in terms of anatomy as well as age, gender and animal morphology. The results obtained showed that in addition to environmental pressure, cultural considerations and breeding traditions also had a determinative influence on the choice of the economic pattern. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 228-239 Issue: 4 Volume: 28 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2021.1953936 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2021.1953936 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:28:y:2023:i:4:p:228-239 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1911768_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Angelo Castrorao Barba Author-X-Name-First: Angelo Author-X-Name-Last: Castrorao Barba Author-Name: Claudia Speciale Author-X-Name-First: Claudia Author-X-Name-Last: Speciale Author-Name: Roberto Miccichè Author-X-Name-First: Roberto Author-X-Name-Last: Miccichè Author-Name: Filippo Pisciotta Author-X-Name-First: Filippo Author-X-Name-Last: Pisciotta Author-Name: Carla Aleo Nero Author-X-Name-First: Carla Aleo Author-X-Name-Last: Nero Author-Name: Pasquale Marino Author-X-Name-First: Pasquale Author-X-Name-Last: Marino Author-Name: Giuseppe Bazan Author-X-Name-First: Giuseppe Author-X-Name-Last: Bazan Title: The Sicilian Countryside in the Early Middle Ages: Human–Environment Interactions at Contrada Castro Abstract: Within the project ‘Harvesting Memories: Ecology and Archaeology of Monti Sicani Landscapes’, this paper aims to reconstruct human–environment interactions in the inland areas of Western Sicily during the Early Middle Ages through a comparative analysis of environmental archaeological data. We analyse carpological and anthracological finds and faunal remains originating from different layers of the rural settlement of Contrada Castro (Corleone, Palermo), excavated in 2017–2019. The site was mainly occupied between the Byzantine and Islamic periods (late 8th to 11th c. AD). The examination of wood charcoal enabled the identification of plant species selected and exploited in the landscape of the site for each main chronological period. The archaeobotanical data indicated a precise, qualitative picture on the historical vegetation of this area, accompanied with the agricultural practices of the communities. The zooarchaeological data added further information on the reconstruction of rural economy and animal exploitation patterns. An integrated comparison of the characteristic landscape and the archaeobotanical and zooarchaeological data presented the dynamics of agricultural strategy, wood exploitation, and management of animal resources of an early medieval rural community in Western Sicily. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 240-255 Issue: 4 Volume: 28 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2021.1911768 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2021.1911768 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:28:y:2023:i:4:p:240-255 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1886647_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Sandra Rebolledo Author-X-Name-First: Sandra Author-X-Name-Last: Rebolledo Author-Name: Philippe Béarez Author-X-Name-First: Philippe Author-X-Name-Last: Béarez Author-Name: Débora Zurro Author-X-Name-First: Débora Author-X-Name-Last: Zurro Author-Name: Calogero M. Santoro Author-X-Name-First: Calogero M. Author-X-Name-Last: Santoro Author-Name: Claudio Latorre Author-X-Name-First: Claudio Author-X-Name-Last: Latorre Title: Big Fish or Small Fish? Differential Ichthyoarchaeological Representation Revealed by Different Recovery Methods in the Atacama Desert Coast, Northern Chile Abstract: Recovery methods and techniques for archaeological sampling can yield major differences in abundance and anatomo-taxonomical representation of animals, affecting past social and ecological reconstruction. Despite being a common organic material in archaeological sites, faunal remains typically exhibit differential preservation of species and skeletal elements due to pre- and post-depositional processes. This is particularly true for small-sized animals such as certain species of fish, whose often small and fragile fragments are difficult to recover and identify. Here, we present the results of a comparative analysis between two ichthyoarchaeological assemblages from Caleta Vitor 3 in northern Chile (CV3, 18°45′09″ S), an Early to Middle Holocene (9.2–7.6 ka cal BP) Chinchorro shell midden site. We compare samples obtained and processed, both in the field and the lab, using different recovery techniques. We developed a data standardisation procedure to compare and evaluate skeletal representation, taxa distribution and variations throughout the stratigraphic sequence. Our results show that mesh screen size affects not only the abundance and density of fish but also species representation. Moreover, the identification of small pelagic fish at CV3 sheds further light upon prehistoric fishing strategies and social organisation during the site’s early occupation. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 270-284 Issue: 4 Volume: 28 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2021.1886647 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2021.1886647 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:28:y:2023:i:4:p:270-284 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_2159171_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Louise Iles Author-X-Name-First: Louise Author-X-Name-Last: Iles Author-Name: Catherine Longford Author-X-Name-First: Catherine Author-X-Name-Last: Longford Author-Name: Lenny Salvagno Author-X-Name-First: Lenny Author-X-Name-Last: Salvagno Author-Name: Michael Wallace Author-X-Name-First: Michael Author-X-Name-Last: Wallace Title: Living Through Change: The Archaeology of Human-Environment Interactions. Introduction to the Special Issue Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 223-227 Issue: 4 Volume: 28 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2022.2159171 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2022.2159171 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:28:y:2023:i:4:p:223-227 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1916375_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Sophie McDonald Author-X-Name-First: Sophie Author-X-Name-Last: McDonald Author-Name: Kevin Kearney Author-X-Name-First: Kevin Author-X-Name-Last: Kearney Author-Name: Benjamin Gearey Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin Author-X-Name-Last: Gearey Author-Name: Derek Hamilton Author-X-Name-First: Derek Author-X-Name-Last: Hamilton Title: Recession or Resilience: Evidence for Neolithic Agriculture in Updated Palaeoenvironmental Reconstructions from Lairg, Sutherland Abstract: A consistent theme in British prehistoric studies is a perceived lack of evidence for settlement and agriculture in the Neolithic (c.4000 cal BC – 2500 cal BC), which then increases in prevalence during the Bronze Age. This lack of evidence for Neolithic settlement and farming has been linked to a collapse of agriculture associated with population decline and climatic deterioration from c.3600 cal BC onwards, with population recovery and the resumption of widespread agriculture in the later 3rd millennium cal BC. Updated palaeoenvironmental reconstructions from Lairg, Sutherland, incorporating a high-resolution Bayesian chronology based on 14C dates from 20 samples indicate that mixed agriculture (including cereal cultivation) continued in this area during the proposed Middle – Late Neolithic agricultural recession described above. We suggest that an existing reliance on barley, which is more tolerant of cooler, wetter conditions than other cereals, and the use of well-drained sites within the landscape allowed cereal cultivation to continue in the face of climatic deterioration. We also suggest that a lack of high-resolution chronologies for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions and a reliance on woodland clearance as a proxy for agriculture could potentially obscure pollen evidence for Middle and Late Neolithic farming. Issues of chronological precision in legacy datasets are addressed. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 256-269 Issue: 4 Volume: 28 Year: 2023 Month: 07 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2021.1916375 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2021.1916375 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:28:y:2023:i:4:p:256-269 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1654642_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Marta Alcolea Author-X-Name-First: Marta Author-X-Name-Last: Alcolea Author-Name: José M. Rodanés Author-X-Name-First: José M. Author-X-Name-Last: Rodanés Title: Ephemeral Archaeology South of the Central Pyrenees (Huesca, NE Iberia): The Exceptional Preservation of Woody Objects in Moro de Alins Cave-site Abstract: Desiccated objects made out of wood and plant fibres are exceptional archaeological finds in Europe, due to prevailing climatic conditions. The use of wood and plant fibres as raw materials in the past is not well-known due to the scarce availability of archaeological finds, especially in comparison with other non-perishable materials (lithic, pottery, metals). Dry environments suitable for the conservation of perishable materials are limited to some areas of the Iberian Peninsula, as for example the caves and shelters of the central Ebro basin. This region is emerging in recent years as a highly important area for the discovery of archaeological remains made out of short-lived materials. This work presents the results of taxonomic, typological and technical studies, including previously unpublished work, regarding the assemblage of wooden objects and basketry from the Moro de Alins (NE Iberia) cave-site. Direct radiocarbon dating has been vital for the contextualisation of the entire assemblage, which was illegally despoiled in the early 90s, and contains three well-differentiated phases of occupation: Neolithic, Bronze Age and Late Antiquity. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 328-344 Issue: 5 Volume: 28 Year: 2023 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2019.1654642 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2019.1654642 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:28:y:2023:i:5:p:328-344 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1689890_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Giorgina Amalfitano Author-X-Name-First: Giorgina Author-X-Name-Last: Amalfitano Author-Name: Romina S. Petrigh Author-X-Name-First: Romina S. Author-X-Name-Last: Petrigh Author-Name: Martín H. Fugassa Author-X-Name-First: Martín H. Author-X-Name-Last: Fugassa Title: Parasites in a Holocene Environment: Their Presence on the Floor of Caves Abstract: Exploratory examinations were performed in sediments of archaeological levels from Cerro Casa de Piedra, cave 7 (CCP7). The aim of the present study was to identify parasitic remains present in the floor where human occupation has been reported. Parasite remains of Eimeria macusaniensis, molineids and two capillariids nematodes were identified. A single oocyst of Eimeria ivitaensis was found, resulting in the first report from Patagonia. Parasites found in this work were previously reported in camelid coprolites. Parasitological findings showed camelids presence into the cave and a high contamination of domestic area. These findings reinforce the hypothesis about the role of caves in parasites circulation among mammals community of Patagonia. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 378-382 Issue: 5 Volume: 28 Year: 2023 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2019.1689890 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2019.1689890 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:28:y:2023:i:5:p:378-382 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1861867_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Dale Serjeantson Author-X-Name-First: Dale Author-X-Name-Last: Serjeantson Title: Birds in the Bronze Age: a North European perspective Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 396-397 Issue: 5 Volume: 28 Year: 2023 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2020.1861867 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2020.1861867 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:28:y:2023:i:5:p:396-397 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1942744_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Gusztáv Jakab Author-X-Name-First: Gusztáv Author-X-Name-Last: Jakab Author-Name: Ilona Pál Author-X-Name-First: Ilona Author-X-Name-Last: Pál Author-Name: Lóránd Silye Author-X-Name-First: Lóránd Author-X-Name-Last: Silye Author-Name: Pál Sümegi Author-X-Name-First: Pál Author-X-Name-Last: Sümegi Author-Name: Attila Tóth Author-X-Name-First: Attila Author-X-Name-Last: Tóth Author-Name: Balázs Sümegi Author-X-Name-First: Balázs Author-X-Name-Last: Sümegi Author-Name: József Pál Frink Author-X-Name-First: József Pál Author-X-Name-Last: Frink Author-Name: Enikő Katalin Magyari Author-X-Name-First: Enikő Katalin Author-X-Name-Last: Magyari Author-Name: Zoltán Kern Author-X-Name-First: Zoltán Author-X-Name-Last: Kern Author-Name: Elek Benkő Author-X-Name-First: Elek Author-X-Name-Last: Benkő Title: Social Context of Late Medieval and Early Modern Deforestation Periods in the Apuseni Mountains (Romania) based on an Integrated Evaluation of Historical and Paleobotanical Records Abstract: Coeval changes in the reconstructed bog surface wetness and the pollen record of a peat sequence extracted from an ombrothropic bog (Calul de Piatră, 1630 m, Apuseni Mountains) allowed the natural and anthropogenic environmental changes over the past 1500 years to be assessed. The assessment of the social and economic context was also possible due to the exceptionally detailed documentary evidence of the investigated region. Four major deforestation periods in the past 1500 years were identified. Significant phases of deforestation coincided with particular social and political changes: (1) between AD 810 and 850, with the collapse of the Avar Khaganate and the expansion of the Bulgarian Empire in the southern areas of the Carpathian Basin; (2) between AD 1060 and 1170, with the establishment of the Kingdom of Hungary (AD 1000) and the foundation of royal, territorial administrative (county) and ecclesiastical centres of the feudal state; (3) in the sixteenth century (AD 1500–1570); and (4) after AD 1700, with population growth and economic development. Our results suggest that the observed deforestation and the consequent spread of subalpine farming were not necessarily related to the warmer or drier climatic periods, but to socioeconomic changes in nearby communities. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 345-366 Issue: 5 Volume: 28 Year: 2023 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2021.1942744 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2021.1942744 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:28:y:2023:i:5:p:345-366 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1852757_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Claudia Moricca Author-X-Name-First: Claudia Author-X-Name-Last: Moricca Author-Name: Lorenzo Nigro Author-X-Name-First: Lorenzo Author-X-Name-Last: Nigro Author-Name: Federica Spagnoli Author-X-Name-First: Federica Author-X-Name-Last: Spagnoli Author-Name: Sharon Sabatini Author-X-Name-First: Sharon Author-X-Name-Last: Sabatini Author-Name: Laura Sadori Author-X-Name-First: Laura Author-X-Name-Last: Sadori Title: Plant Assemblage of the Phoenician Sacrificial Pit by the Temple of Melqart/Herakles (Motya, Sicily, Italy) Abstract: Archaeobotanical remains from the Phoenician – Punic site of Motya, set in the Marsala Lagoon in Western Sicily (Italy), were collected through flotation and sieving during the excavation campaigns of 2017–2019. Analyses focused on a sacrificial favissa, on the SW side of the Temple of Cappiddazzu, dedicated to Melqart/Herakles, where the buried remains of seven bovines were also found. Plant remains, preserved mostly by mineralisation, provide information about ritual practices. The retrieval of toxic plants to livestock (some Boraginaceae and Euphorbiaceae, and Anagallis arvensis) suggests their use to stun animals before sacrificing them. Additionally, remains referable to fruit (Vitis vinifera) and flower offerings (Verbena officinalis), as well as ornamental (Cupressus cf. sempervirens) and officinal plants (Borago officinalis) were also found. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 383-395 Issue: 5 Volume: 28 Year: 2023 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2020.1852757 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2020.1852757 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:28:y:2023:i:5:p:383-395 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1689893_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Eleonor Tietze Author-X-Name-First: Eleonor Author-X-Name-Last: Tietze Author-Name: Ramiro Barberena Author-X-Name-First: Ramiro Author-X-Name-Last: Barberena Author-Name: María Ornela Beltrame Author-X-Name-First: María Ornela Author-X-Name-Last: Beltrame Title: Parasite Assemblages from Feline Coprolites through the Pleistocene-Holocene Transition in Patagonia: Cueva Huenul 1 Archaeological Site (Argentina) Abstract: The aims of the present study were: (1) to examine the parasite fauna found in carnivore coprolites from Cueva Huenul 1 archaeological site, located in northern Patagonia (Neuquén Province, Argentina), (2) to evaluate the role of this carnivores in the cycle of zoonotic parasites in the past, (3) to discuss the possible effect of the infections in humans that inhabit the cave during the Quaternary, and (4) to evaluate possible differences in egg measurements among layers. Several coprolites were obtained from layers dated since the Pleistocene-Holocene Transition. Faeces were whole processed, rehydrated, homogenised, and examined via light microscopy. Eggs of parasites were measured and photographed. Coprolites were assigned to a small feline. A total of 11 parasite species were found (8 nematode, 2 trematode, and 1 coccidian species). The paleoparasitological findings of this study display a great richness of parasitic species present in felines from CH1 through the Pleistocene-Holocene transition, some of them zoonotic. Early human societies that discontinuously occupied the site during the time scale studied could have been exposed to these infections. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 367-377 Issue: 5 Volume: 28 Year: 2023 Month: 09 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2019.1689893 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2019.1689893 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:28:y:2023:i:5:p:367-377 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1930973_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Joseph Mitchell Author-X-Name-First: Joseph Author-X-Name-Last: Mitchell Author-Name: Evan Peacock Author-X-Name-First: Evan Author-X-Name-Last: Peacock Title: An Unusual Freshwater Mussel Shell Morphology from Three Archaeological Sites in the Lower Mississippi River Alluvial Basin Abstract: We discuss a previously undescribed shell morphology in unionid mussels from three archaeological sites in western Mississippi. Similar shell features are observed across multiple genera, indicating a possible phenotypic response to an as-of-yet unidentified environmental factor. Targeted research of this phenomenon may lead to applications in paleohydrology and environmental archaeology. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 398-403 Issue: 6 Volume: 28 Year: 2023 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2021.1930973 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2021.1930973 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:28:y:2023:i:6:p:398-403 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1993693_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Gene T. Shev Author-X-Name-First: Gene T. Author-X-Name-Last: Shev Author-Name: Zara Ali Author-X-Name-First: Zara Author-X-Name-Last: Ali Author-Name: Juan N. Almonte Milan Author-X-Name-First: Juan N. Author-X-Name-Last: Almonte Milan Author-Name: Simone Casale Author-X-Name-First: Simone Author-X-Name-Last: Casale Author-Name: Igor Djakovic Author-X-Name-First: Igor Author-X-Name-Last: Djakovic Author-Name: Corinne L. Hofman Author-X-Name-First: Corinne L. Author-X-Name-Last: Hofman Title: Coastal-Hinterland Exchange and Garden Hunting Practices Prior to the European Invasion of Hispaniola Abstract: This study analyses zooarchaeological material recovered from the late precolumbian site of El Flaco (AD 990–1450), northern Dominican Republic. The faunal assemblage from this inland settlement demonstrates terrestrially focused modes of faunal exploitation but with some resources obtained from coastal ecosystems, such as mangrove forests, sandy-bottom, and reefs, which are located approximately 20 km to the northwest. This study establishes last occurrence dates for extinct taxa; examines the spatial distribution of fauna; explores modes of food procurement; and the effects of agricultural activities on local fauna by investigating animal remains from three excavation units. A diachronic study of animal remains from one artificial mound demonstrates changing patterns in resource exploitation, such as an increasing consumption of land crab over a roughly 100-year period. This study follows previous research that examined the isotope ecology of endemic species from El Flaco that indicates some hutias were possibly scavenging or being fed cultivated plants. Palaeoenvironmental data suggest that Indigenous landscape transformations led to the creation of mosaic environments, which may have attracted and supported certain species, implying that the inhabitants of El Flaco likely did not have to venture far to trap or hunt many of the animals upon which they relied. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 421-442 Issue: 6 Volume: 28 Year: 2023 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2021.1993693 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2021.1993693 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:28:y:2023:i:6:p:421-442 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1922985_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Daniel Loponte Author-X-Name-First: Daniel Author-X-Name-Last: Loponte Author-Name: Alejandro Acosta Author-X-Name-First: Alejandro Author-X-Name-Last: Acosta Author-Name: Andrés Gascue Author-X-Name-First: Andrés Author-X-Name-Last: Gascue Author-Name: Saskia Pfrengle Author-X-Name-First: Saskia Author-X-Name-Last: Pfrengle Author-Name: Verena J. Schuenemann Author-X-Name-First: Verena J. Author-X-Name-Last: Schuenemann Author-Name: Noelia Bortolotto Author-X-Name-First: Noelia Author-X-Name-Last: Bortolotto Author-Name: Mirian Carbonera Author-X-Name-First: Mirian Author-X-Name-Last: Carbonera Author-Name: César García Esponda Author-X-Name-First: César Author-X-Name-Last: García Esponda Author-Name: Damián Voglino Author-X-Name-First: Damián Author-X-Name-Last: Voglino Author-Name: Rafael Milheira Author-X-Name-First: Rafael Author-X-Name-Last: Milheira Author-Name: Alejandro Ferrari Author-X-Name-First: Alejandro Author-X-Name-Last: Ferrari Author-Name: Caroline Borges Author-X-Name-First: Caroline Author-X-Name-Last: Borges Title: The Southernmost Pre-Columbian Dogs in the Americas: Phenotype, Chronology, Diet and Genetics Abstract: The archaeological record shows the presence of medium-sized dogs with mesocephalic skulls in Southeast South America, from at least the end of the third millennium BP to historical times, along 700 km from southern Brazil to the wetlands of the Paraná River in Argentina. These dogs, associated with complex hunter-gatherers, do not appear to have been the product of exchange with Andean societies as previous theories suggested, but rather of a local breeding process, probably reflecting the offspring of a founder population introduced in the area before at least the third millennium BP. Isotopic values show a C3 omnivorous pattern, resulting from a broad and opportunistic niche, not overlapping with that of humans. The relationships between humans and their dogs were very complex; some of the dogs were buried in mortuary areas, in double human-dog burials, meanwhile others were used as a source of raw material. Shortly after the introduction of European dogs, they were quickly assimilated by these introduced dogs, which is supported by the pairwise distance analysis. Phylogenetic analysis illustrates the maternal lineage of these pre-Columbian and modern dogs, both belonging to the haplogroup A, supporting a common ancestry. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 443-474 Issue: 6 Volume: 28 Year: 2023 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2021.1922985 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2021.1922985 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:28:y:2023:i:6:p:443-474 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1963161_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Aldona Kurzawska Author-X-Name-First: Aldona Author-X-Name-Last: Kurzawska Author-Name: Karina Apolinarska Author-X-Name-First: Karina Author-X-Name-Last: Apolinarska Author-Name: Patrycja Silska Author-X-Name-First: Patrycja Author-X-Name-Last: Silska Author-Name: Iwona Sobkowiak-Tabaka Author-X-Name-First: Iwona Author-X-Name-Last: Sobkowiak-Tabaka Author-Name: Joanna Rennwanz Author-X-Name-First: Joanna Author-X-Name-Last: Rennwanz Title: Garbage, Storage or a Mussel Oven? a Case Study of a Shell Midden from Western Poland Abstract: Shell middens are common finds recorded at Polish archaeological sites dating from the Neolithic to Iron Age; however, very little is known about the acquisition and exploitation of mussels by prehistoric communities. An archaeological feature discovered recently at Kiekrz (western Poland) has provided us with a rare opportunity to conduct complex research on a representative and large sample. Our study aimed to recognise the function of the pit, the character of the shell deposit, its chronology, the season of shell collection and environmental conditions that prevailed in the settlement's time. The investigations included multi-faceted analyses of archaeological finds (pottery, animal bones, and mollusc shells) and charcoal remains, δ13C and δ18O shell composition, and C14 dating. The results of the research indicate that the molluscs of Unio were deliberately collected for food c. 1500 cal. BC. They were probably harvested during late summer from the nearby lake. Then the molluscs were steamed in a kind of earth oven. Pine and oak wood from the immediate vicinity was used as firewood during the molluscs processing. After the meal, shells were probably stored in the pit for further use. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 404-420 Issue: 6 Volume: 28 Year: 2023 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2021.1963161 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2021.1963161 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:28:y:2023:i:6:p:404-420 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_2216530_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20 Author-Name: Nizar Polat Author-X-Name-First: Nizar Author-X-Name-Last: Polat Title: An Investigation of Ancient Water Collection and Storage Systems Near the Karahantepe Neolithic Site Using UAV and GIS Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the ancient water collection and storage systems near the Karahantepe Neolithic Site, located 500 m to the north, utilising unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The utilisation of DEM allowed for the examination of the cisterns, pools, and channels in the region. The hydrological analysis gave a comprehensive understanding of the water flow patterns. The findings showed that the channels leading to the cisterns followed a meandering slope and culminated in pools, which could be sedimentation ponds. The study emphasised the benefit of utilising UAV technology in archaeology and inferred that the water collection and storage system in the region was deliberately constructed by ancient civilisations. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 475-487 Issue: 6 Volume: 28 Year: 2023 Month: 11 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2023.2216530 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2023.2216530 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:28:y:2023:i:6:p:475-487 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_2231695_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Zoë Hazell Author-X-Name-First: Zoë Author-X-Name-Last: Hazell Author-Name: Ruth Pelling Author-X-Name-First: Ruth Author-X-Name-Last: Pelling Author-Name: David Smith Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Smith Title: Pests of Society: Introduction to the Special Issue Abstract: In 2018, the University of Birmingham, UK, hosted a weekend of events for the Association for Environmental Archaeology (AEA)’s spring conference ‘Pests of Society’. The event was organised in collaboration with Historic England – the publicly-funded ‘Arms-Length Body’ with statutory responsibility for the historic environment in England. During the course of the one day conference and workshop the following day, multiple aspects were covered of how pests have interacted, and continue to interact, with humans and their day-to-day activities, as well as their presence in the wider landscape. This paper outlines and describes the meeting, introducing the range of topics covered, and summarises the papers that have been published in the resulting special issue. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 1-5 Issue: 1 Volume: 29 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2023.2231695 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2023.2231695 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:29:y:2024:i:1:p:1-5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1721694_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Kevin Kearney Author-X-Name-First: Kevin Author-X-Name-Last: Kearney Author-Name: Benjamin R. Gearey Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin R. Author-X-Name-Last: Gearey Title: The Elm Decline is Dead! Long Live Declines in Elm: Revisiting the Chronology of the Elm Decline in Ireland and its Association with the Mesolithic/Neolithic Transition Abstract: The Elm Decline (ED), is a marked reduction in Ulmus recognised in pollen diagrams from across north/northwest Europe c. 5-6000 cal BP, the causes of which have been much discussed for over half a century, partly because of its broad chronological correspondence with the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition. We present a formal statistical analysis of the ED chronology in Ireland, analysing its association with early Neolithic anthropogenic activity as indicated indirectly by palynological evidence and directly through radiocarbon dated cereal macrofossils. The results derived from pollen records regarded as sufficiently robust for Bayesian modelling indicate the date for the ED ranges from the later Mesolithic to middle Neolithic. Different palynological ‘expressions’ of the ED are identified, and comparison of the ED date range and increases in Plantago lanceolata indicate that although correlation between anthropogenic activity and the onset of the ‘Elm Decline’ can be identified at several sites, this is not consistent. Comparison with the cereal macrofossil record demonstrates that generally the ED occurred prior to the onset of Neolithic cereal cultivation as defined by these data. We discuss implications for understanding the patterns and processes that may underlie the ED and question whether the ‘Elm Decline’ continues to merit the definite article. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 6-19 Issue: 1 Volume: 29 Year: 2024 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2020.1721694 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2020.1721694 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:29:y:2024:i:1:p:6-19 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_2024689_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Fiona Brock Author-X-Name-First: Fiona Author-X-Name-Last: Brock Author-Name: Richard Southwell Author-X-Name-First: Richard Author-X-Name-Last: Southwell Author-Name: Zoë Hazell Author-X-Name-First: Zoë Author-X-Name-Last: Hazell Author-Name: Roland Wessling Author-X-Name-First: Roland Author-X-Name-Last: Wessling Author-Name: Matthew Green Author-X-Name-First: Matthew Author-X-Name-Last: Green Author-Name: Diana Davis Author-X-Name-First: Diana Author-X-Name-Last: Davis Title: Using High-Resolution Digital Photography and Micro-CT Scanning to Investigate Deathwatch Beetle Damage to an Historic Timber from HMS Victory Abstract: Wood-boring insects such as the deathwatch beetle can cause significant damage to historical artefacts and timbers, but the extent of internal damage (and tunnelling activity in general) can be difficult to understand and quantify without the use of destructive sampling techniques. This study explored the potential of high-resolution photography and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) to investigate beetle activity and inform on the extent of internal damage to a timber from HMS Victory. Micro-CT imaging has allowed the visualisation of deathwatch beetle activity within the timber, revealing differences in tunnelling behaviour preferences for adult and larval forms. Digital techniques were developed to determine the surface area of flight holes on some wooden blocks but were less successful for those blocks where the external surfaces were darkened with age. It was not possible to accurately determine the internal volumes of beetle tunnels within blocks of timber due to the presence of frass, which was found to be virtually indistinguishable digitally from the wood matrix. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 80-96 Issue: 1 Volume: 29 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2021.2024689 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2021.2024689 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:29:y:2024:i:1:p:80-96 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1803012_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Diana Davis Author-X-Name-First: Diana Author-X-Name-Last: Davis Title: Wood-borers in Historic Ships Abstract: Using evidence of wood-borers in several of the National Museum of the Royal Navy’s historic ships, this article will examine the threat posed to the historic fabric by non-marine species and the reasons that we struggle to eradicate the problem. The relationship between fungal attack and beetle activity will be discussed, and the need for supporting research into this and other aspects of damage due to wood-boring species. HMS Victory, HMS Warrior and HMS Trincomalee all suffer from attack by wood-boring species, though the infestations are in different stages of development on each vessel. By investigating and employing an integrated pest management strategy on Trincomalee, we hope to learn more about the most effective means of combatting the much more widespread infestation of death watch beetle on Victory. Other wood-borers including weevil, furniture beetle and wharfborer are also present across our collection of ships, and all these species are facilitated by the damp conditions which can never be truly resolved as the ships are located in open coastal environments. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 71-79 Issue: 1 Volume: 29 Year: 2024 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2020.1803012 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2020.1803012 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:29:y:2024:i:1:p:71-79 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_2199235_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: David Smith Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: Smith Author-Name: Karen Stewart Author-X-Name-First: Karen Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart Author-Name: Emily Goddard Author-X-Name-First: Emily Author-X-Name-Last: Goddard Title: The Oriental Cockroach Blatta orientalis L. Recovered from Early Roman London: Implications for Past Distribution and Roman Trade Abstract: This paper describes the recovery and identification of oothecae of the oriental cockroach (Blatta orientalis L.) from deposits associated with an Early Romano-British bakery oven from Roman Londinium (now modern-day London). The ecology, behaviour and past archaeological history of this species are presented. The implications of finding this species for our understanding of the movement and importation of stored products and other materials by the Roman Army and citizenry is outlined. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 63-70 Issue: 1 Volume: 29 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2023.2199235 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2023.2199235 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:29:y:2024:i:1:p:63-70 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1829294_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: María Martín-Seijo Author-X-Name-First: María Author-X-Name-Last: Martín-Seijo Title: The Presence of Decayed Wood in Iron Age Contexts of Northwest Iberia: Wood-borer Galleries and Fungal Hyphae Abstract: Decayed wood occurs relatively frequently in charcoal assemblages from Iron Age sites in northwest Iberia, and the presence of fungal hyphae and wood-borer galleries has been identified in charred wood remains from different kinds of archaeological contexts. This study analysed the evidence of decayed wood, as a result of fungal and insect attack, including the affected taxa and other dendrological attributes, their association with firewood remains or evidence of wooden crafts and other contextual evidence, from nine Iron Age sites. The data available to date indicate that Corylus avellana, Quercus sp. deciduous, Alnus sp. and Fabaceae have been affected the most by the action of fungus and wood-borers, and evidence of xylophagous activity is correlated with the occurrence of fire events and/or the presence of worked wood. This paper highlights the potential of combining taxonomical identification with taphonomical and dendrological attributes to understand the processes of wood degradation in archaeological contexts. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 34-50 Issue: 1 Volume: 29 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2020.1829294 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2020.1829294 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:29:y:2024:i:1:p:34-50 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_2058683_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Magali Toriti Author-X-Name-First: Magali Author-X-Name-Last: Toriti Author-Name: Aline Durand Author-X-Name-First: Aline Author-X-Name-Last: Durand Author-Name: Fabien Fohrer Author-X-Name-First: Fabien Author-X-Name-Last: Fohrer Title: Into Timber: Revealing Xylophagous Insects through an Archaeoentomological Analysis of Waterlogged Timber from the Fluvial Port of Ratiatum (Rezé Saint-Lupien, France) Abstract: The integration of entomology into xylological analysis is a new but increasingly common approach taken by heritage conservation scientists. Archaeology, however, has yet to embrace its full potential. Here, for the first time, entomology is integrated into the xylological analysis of waterlogged timber from the harbour site of a Roman port town in Rezé Saint-Lupien, France. Xylophagous insects were characterised based on the traces they had left in the timber, i.e. galleries and larval pellets. Their identification, sometimes to species level, provided clues about the nature and condition of the timber that had been used to build the harbour, and helped determine when the wood had been colonised, i.e. within the living standing tree, during storage as timber, during construction work or when part of the final structure. Combined with archaeological data, the xylological and entomological analyses have enhanced our understanding of the harbour’s construction history and provided valuable insights into the timber choices made by the Roman construction workers. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 51-62 Issue: 1 Volume: 29 Year: 2024 Month: 01 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2022.2058683 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2022.2058683 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:29:y:2024:i:1:p:51-62 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1713602_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Ferran Antolín Author-X-Name-First: Ferran Author-X-Name-Last: Antolín Author-Name: Marguerita Schäfer Author-X-Name-First: Marguerita Author-X-Name-Last: Schäfer Title: Insect Pests of Pulse Crops and their Management in Neolithic Europe Abstract: Insect pests affecting standing and stored crops can cause severe damage and reduce yields considerably. Was this also the case in Neolithic Europe? Did early farming populations take a certain amount of harvest loss into account? Did they decide to change crops or rotate them when they became too infested? Did they obtain new crops from neighbouring communities as part of this process? Or did they actively fight against pests? This paper focuses on pulse crop pests, presenting the earliest evidence of fava beans displaying boreholes and of the presence of pea weevil in two different archaeological sites: Can Sadurní (in a phase dated to ca. 4800-4500 cal BC), located in the NE Iberian Peninsula and Zürich-Parkhaus Opéra (in a phase dated to ca. 3160 BC), located in Central Switzerland. Evidence suggests that early farmers were aware of the damages produced by pests and we propose different strategies for their management, including potential evidence for the use of repellent or trap plants in the plots. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 20-33 Issue: 1 Volume: 29 Year: 2024 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2020.1713602 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2020.1713602 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:29:y:2024:i:1:p:20-33 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1713603_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Eva Fairnell Author-X-Name-First: Eva Author-X-Name-Last: Fairnell Author-Name: Polydora Baker Author-X-Name-First: Polydora Author-X-Name-Last: Baker Author-Name: Sophie Burgham Author-X-Name-First: Sophie Author-X-Name-Last: Burgham Author-Name: Claire Tsang Author-X-Name-First: Claire Author-X-Name-Last: Tsang Author-Name: Fay Worley Author-X-Name-First: Fay Author-X-Name-Last: Worley Title: Curation of the Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection: Developing Strategies for Monitoring and Controlling Pests and Moulds Abstract: The Historic England Zooarchaeology Reference Collection includes more than 3470 mammal, bird, amphibian, reptile and fish specimens, the majority of which are complete skeletons. It comprises important research collections that support internal, national and international projects, and is being continuously developed, mainly through in-house specimen preparation. The collection is housed in different locations at Fort Cumberland, an eighteenth-century military monument, and is therefore subject to varying environmental conditions, requiring tailored curation. This paper reports on an audit of the collection carried out in December 2016, in response to a perceived increase in the presence of insects, mould and grease, and the subsequent actions taken. The audit involved visual assessment and condition recording of each accessioned specimen. New specialist storage solutions were then implemented as part of the on-going collection curation, within the context of an integrated pest management strategy. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 97-107 Issue: 1 Volume: 29 Year: 2024 Month: 1 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2020.1713603 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2020.1713603 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:29:y:2024:i:1:p:97-107 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1989977_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Katleen Deckers Author-X-Name-First: Katleen Author-X-Name-Last: Deckers Author-Name: Federico Polisca Author-X-Name-First: Federico Author-X-Name-Last: Polisca Author-Name: Simone Riehl Author-X-Name-First: Simone Author-X-Name-Last: Riehl Author-Name: Michelle de Gruchy Author-X-Name-First: Michelle Author-X-Name-Last: de Gruchy Author-Name: Dan Lawrence Author-X-Name-First: Dan Author-X-Name-Last: Lawrence Title: Impact of Anthropogenic Activities on Woodland in Northern Syria (4th–2nd Mill. BC): Evidence from Charcoal Assemblages and Oak Measurements Abstract: In this paper charcoals from the Syrian sites Tell Mozan and Tell Jerablus are investigated to understand the impact of 4th to 2nd millennium BC settlement on the vegetation. Charcoals from these sites have been identified and oak fragments have been measured for their maximal diameter and annual ring widths. Our results show that while oak had reached its maximal expansion in the Mid-Holocene, and vegetation in the Euphrates Valley was lusher than today, strong anthropogenic impact on the vegetation was occurring, probably already prior to the Late Chalcolithic period. Due to potentially enormous herds of sheep and goat, and possibly large-scale agriculture with perhaps some understory cropping, oak was growing very slowly, to the degree that it must often have had a shrub-like appearance. People did not apply systematic oak woodland management practices, such as coppicing or pollarding. They used dung as an additional fuel, probably to cover for shortages in wood resources. The land appears to have been used both intensively and extensively to a degree that was not sustainable in the long term. This, combined with aridity impact on the oak, probably led to a decrease in oak proportion at Mozan in the Middle Bronze Age. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 129-164 Issue: 2 Volume: 29 Year: 2024 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2021.1989977 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2021.1989977 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:29:y:2024:i:2:p:129-164 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1966259_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Serge Svizzero Author-X-Name-First: Serge Author-X-Name-Last: Svizzero Title: The Outcrossing-Selfing Transition and Asian Rice Domestication Abstract: The protracted domestication of Asian rice is usually defined by the fixation of the domestication syndrome consisting of six main phenotypic traits having all an agronomic importance: seed retention, reduction of seed dispersal aids, increase in seed size, reduction of seed dormancy, a more compact growth habit, and synchronised flowering and ripening. However, during this initial domestication process the mating system of rice has also changed. Indeed, domesticated rice, Oryza sativa L., is predominantly a self-fertilising species while its wild progenitor – Oryza rufipogon Griff. – is partly an outcrossing species. We explain this cross- to self-fertilisation transition and study its consequences. We demonstrate that this transition cannot be explained by mate rarity, and recall it could be a side effect of conscious selection for closed panicles. Then we suggest an alternative explanation based on the ‘time limitation hypothesis’. For this purpose, we hypothesise agronomic practices of early cultivators – fostering the rapid maturation of plants and their reproductive isolation – that are likely the selective pressures having led to this transition. Given its consequences and its origins, we contend that the outcrossing-selfing transition should be systematically included in the Asian rice domestication syndrome and even considered as its main trait. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 121-128 Issue: 2 Volume: 29 Year: 2024 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2021.1966259 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2021.1966259 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:29:y:2024:i:2:p:121-128 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1953937_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Xuchu Zhu Author-X-Name-First: Xuchu Author-X-Name-Last: Zhu Author-Name: Ningning Dong Author-X-Name-First: Ningning Author-X-Name-Last: Dong Author-Name: Shao Lei Author-X-Name-First: Shao Author-X-Name-Last: Lei Author-Name: Jing Yuan Author-X-Name-First: Jing Author-X-Name-Last: Yuan Title: Island Life: A Zooarchaeological Study of the Daxie Site, China Abstract: The lower Yangtze Valley is a fruitful area to examine the interplay between the origins and intensification of agriculture and socio-political complexity. Most archaeological research on the emergence and decline of the complex society in this region has focused on large late Neolithic centres, such as the Liangzhu ancient city. Many small- to medium-size sites were also involved in dynamic regional social networks and further investigations into these smaller sites can help archaeologists contextualise core–hinterland relationships. In this paper, we report a zooarchaeological analysis of Daxie, a late Neolithic island village located in Ningbo, China. The faunal assemblage is dominated by wild animals with a few livestock, indicating a subsistence economy reliant primarily on wild resources incorporating limited use of domesticates. The heavy exploitation of marine resources is also a distinctive feature: marine fish were procured and sea salt production was developed. Such a self-sustaining village economy, on one hand, was loosely connected to the Liangzhu core area’s subsistence. On the other hand, the island industry specialised in salt production might have forged Daxie’s connection within the regional society. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 108-120 Issue: 2 Volume: 29 Year: 2024 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2021.1953937 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2021.1953937 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:29:y:2024:i:2:p:108-120 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1979385_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Kelly Reed Author-X-Name-First: Kelly Author-X-Name-Last: Reed Author-Name: Andreja Kudelić Author-X-Name-First: Andreja Author-X-Name-Last: Kudelić Author-Name: Sara Essert Author-X-Name-First: Sara Author-X-Name-Last: Essert Author-Name: Laura Polonijo Author-X-Name-First: Laura Author-X-Name-Last: Polonijo Author-Name: Snježana Vrdoljak Author-X-Name-First: Snježana Author-X-Name-Last: Vrdoljak Title: House of Plenty: Reassessing Food and Farming in Late Bronze Age Croatia Abstract: Bronze Age agriculture in Europe is marked by the adoption of new crops, such as broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum), broad bean (Vicia faba) and gold-of-pleasure (Camelina sativa). Yet, at a regional level, it is sometimes unclear when, where and why these crops are adopted and whether they were all adopted at the same time. Croatia is one such region where archaeobotanical research is limited, making it difficult to discuss Bronze Age agriculture and diet in more detail. The discovery of a burnt-down house with crop stores at Kalnik-Igrišče provides a unique archaeobotanical assemblage and snapshot of late Bronze Age agriculture (1000–800 BC). From the carbonised plant remains discovered at Kalnik-Igrišče we see a dominance in the crops broomcorn millet, barley (Hordeum vulgare), free-threshing wheat (Triticum aestivum/durum/turgidum) and broad bean. Emmer (Triticum dicoccum), spelt (Triticum spelta), and lentil (Lens culinaris) were also found, suggesting they were probably minor crops, while spatial analysis indicates distinct crop storage areas within the building. Overall, these finds support the adoption and integration of these new crops within northern Croatia by the late Bronze Age, while highlighting implications for seasonal strategies, risk management, and cultural dietary choice. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 165-181 Issue: 2 Volume: 29 Year: 2024 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2021.1979385 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2021.1979385 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:29:y:2024:i:2:p:165-181 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1995260_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857 Author-Name: Tatiana Nomokonova Author-X-Name-First: Tatiana Author-X-Name-Last: Nomokonova Author-Name: Robert J. Losey Author-X-Name-First: Robert J. Author-X-Name-Last: Losey Author-Name: Pavel A. Kosintsev Author-X-Name-First: Pavel A. Author-X-Name-Last: Kosintsev Author-Name: Andrei V. Plekhanov Author-X-Name-First: Andrei V. Author-X-Name-Last: Plekhanov Title: Reindeer Demographics at Iarte VI, Iamal Peninsula, Arctic Siberia Abstract: This study focuses on constructing a demographic profile for a large set of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) remains from the Iron Age Iarte VI site on the Iamal Peninsula in Siberia. Iarte VI produced one of the largest reindeer assemblages in the entire Arctic, totalling ∼22,000 specimens. Age assessment is conducted by examining teeth eruption sequences in 686 mandibular fragments. Sex identification is based on analysis of 595 os coxae through visual observation of the acetabulum ventro-medial rim or border. Our assessments demonstrate that inhabitants at Iarte VI accessed various reindeer age categories, with adults being the most often utilised group of animals. Adults were found in all excavated sections and cultural strata at the site and consisted of both males and females. Other age groups such as newborns, yearlings, and juveniles were also present but in smaller quantities. The majority of the sub-adult individuals were under six months of age, indicating the use of this location during the warmer seasons, most often in fall. This seasonal pattern of site use is similar to historic seasonal migrations by many Indigenous reindeer herding families, who move north to utilise the tundra of Iamal Peninsula during the spring, summer, and early fall. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 182-191 Issue: 2 Volume: 29 Year: 2024 Month: 03 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2021.1995260 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2021.1995260 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:29:y:2024:i:2:p:182-191 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_2003582_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: José M. Capriles Author-X-Name-First: José M. Author-X-Name-Last: Capriles Author-Name: Melanie J. Miller Author-X-Name-First: Melanie J. Author-X-Name-Last: Miller Author-Name: Jake R. Fox Author-X-Name-First: Jake R. Author-X-Name-Last: Fox Author-Name: David L. Browman Author-X-Name-First: David L. Author-X-Name-Last: Browman Author-Name: Cassady Yoder Urista Author-X-Name-First: Cassady Author-X-Name-Last: Yoder Urista Title: Evaluating Dietary Diversity among Andean Central Altiplano Early Camelid Pastoralists Using Stable Isotope Analysis Abstract: Stable isotope studies have revolutionised our understanding of food webs, subsistence, mobility and their change through time. In the Andes, dietary stable isotopic studies have often focused on timing the adoption of maize as a staple food and identifying camelid pastoralism in selected valleys of the Pacific coast. Few studies have focused on highland societies and understanding pastoralist communities in particular, but the underlying assumption has been that camelid herders had essentially narrow and specialised diets. To evaluate this assertion, we analyzed dietary carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes of 27 human and 23 faunal specimens from nine archaeological sites located in the Central Altiplano of Bolivia supported by 27 radiocarbon dates. Our results suggest important diversity characterised both human and animal isotopic ecology between 1300 BCE and 1200 CE. The collected data also demonstrates that maize was not regularly consumed, suggesting interregional food exchange between this region of the Altiplano and its neighboring lowland inter-Andean valleys likely postdated 1100 CE. Consistent with reliance on cultivated crops such as chenopods and tubers and wild fauna including rodents, birds and fish, early camelid herders in the Andean Central Altiplano relied on a generalised form of pastoralism. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 246-264 Issue: 3 Volume: 29 Year: 2024 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2021.2003582 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2021.2003582 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:29:y:2024:i:3:p:246-264 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_1996889_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Saman Heydari-Guran Author-X-Name-First: Saman Author-X-Name-Last: Heydari-Guran Author-Name: Elham Ghasidian Author-X-Name-First: Elham Author-X-Name-Last: Ghasidian Title: Ecological Landscape Structure and Game Management Strategy among the Upper Palaeolithic Societies of Southern Zagros Mountains Abstract: Complex social organisation, technological skills and specialised foraging strategies are considered as modernity indicators in the history of Homo sapiens’ evolution. However, the timing and nature of these abilities are poorly understood. Research on the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic faunal remains and settlement patterns in the Zagros Mountains of Iran proposed the model of ‘game management’ for hunter-gatherer societies, reflecting their advanced cultural development affected by their environmantal contxt in this part of the world. Using various methods, including ecological landscape structure analysis, site location and archaeological remains, this paper reveals that the Late Pleistocene’s hunters had a considerable focus on strategic corridors. We argue this behaviour improved the hunters game management tactic among the Upper Palaeolithic population in the Dasht-e Rostam area of the Southern Zagros Mountains. We demonstrate how the environmental adaptability accelerated Homo sapiens’ modernity around 40 kyr ago. Although this proficiency resulted in increasing meat supply, it required a high level of intra-group communication and fitness, seasonal adaptations and specific technologies to compete with other predators using the same strategy in the Southern Zagros. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 192-213 Issue: 3 Volume: 29 Year: 2024 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2021.1996889 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2021.1996889 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:29:y:2024:i:3:p:192-213 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_2205753_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: The Editors Title: Correction Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: i-i Issue: 3 Volume: 29 Year: 2024 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2023.2205753 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2023.2205753 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:29:y:2024:i:3:p:i-i Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_2031836_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Brian T. Wygal Author-X-Name-First: Brian T. Author-X-Name-Last: Wygal Author-Name: Kathryn E. Krasinski Author-X-Name-First: Kathryn E. Author-X-Name-Last: Krasinski Author-Name: Jessica Z. Metcalfe Author-X-Name-First: Jessica Z. Author-X-Name-Last: Metcalfe Author-Name: David McMahan Author-X-Name-First: David Author-X-Name-Last: McMahan Author-Name: Charles E. Holmes Author-X-Name-First: Charles E. Author-X-Name-Last: Holmes Author-Name: Barbara A. Crass Author-X-Name-First: Barbara A. Author-X-Name-Last: Crass Author-Name: Teresa A. Wriston Author-X-Name-First: Teresa A. Author-X-Name-Last: Wriston Author-Name: Sabrina Shirazi Author-X-Name-First: Sabrina Author-X-Name-Last: Shirazi Author-Name: Alisa Vershinina Author-X-Name-First: Alisa Author-X-Name-Last: Vershinina Author-Name: Beth Shapiro Author-X-Name-First: Beth Author-X-Name-Last: Shapiro Title: Archaeological Recovery of Late Pleistocene Hair and Environmental DNA from Interior Alaska Abstract: Ancient hair and remnant plant DNA are important environmental proxies that preserve for millennia in specific archaeological contexts. However, recovery has been rare from late Pleistocene sites and more may be found if deliberately sought. Once discovered, singular hair fragments are not easily identified to taxa through comparative analyses and environmental DNA (eDNA) extraction can be difficult depending on preservation or contamination. In this paper, we present our methods for the combined recovery of ancient hair specimens and eDNA from sediments to improve our understanding of late Pleistocene environments from the Holzman site along Shaw Creek in interior Alaska. The approach serves as a useful case study for learning more about local environmental changes. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 265-280 Issue: 3 Volume: 29 Year: 2024 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2022.2031836 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2022.2031836 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:29:y:2024:i:3:p:265-280 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_2003583_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Jingping An Author-X-Name-First: Jingping Author-X-Name-Last: An Author-Name: Wiebke Kirleis Author-X-Name-First: Wiebke Author-X-Name-Last: Kirleis Author-Name: Guiyun Jin Author-X-Name-First: Guiyun Author-X-Name-Last: Jin Title: Understanding the Collapse of the Longshan Culture (4400-3800 BP) and the 4.2 ka Event in the Haidai Region of China – from an Agricultural Perspective Abstract: The Haidai region was important for early Chinese cultures that reached their prehistoric peak during the Longshan period (4400–3800 BP). However, the continuous development of Longshan societies was interrupted from the Yueshi period (3800–3600 BP) in West-Haidai but in the Late Longshan phase (4100/4000–3800 BP) in East-Haidai. As archaeobotanical data has accumulated, a comprehensive study on agriculture over this time has become feasible, one which is quite sensitive to climate change and also crucial to human society. Therefore, we conducted a synthetic analysis of macro-botanical remains from 25 Longshan sites using Representativeness Index (RI) and Correspondence Analysis (CA). We identified sub-regional differences in crop structures and cultivation regimes between West- and East-Haidai that offer new insights into social changes that arose after the 4.2 ka BP event. While facing abrupt cooling and drought, societies engaged in millet farming in West-Haidai exhibited stronger resilience than those in East-Haidai that were occupied primarily with rice farming. Moreover, to cope with environmental deterioration, West-Haidai inhabitants may have attempted to change cropping practices by exploiting previously uncultivated lands whereas those in East-Haidai were preoccupied with intensive rice farming throughout the entire Longshan period and probably mitigated food shortages by population migration. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 214-228 Issue: 3 Volume: 29 Year: 2024 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2021.2003583 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2021.2003583 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:29:y:2024:i:3:p:214-228 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 # input file: YENV_A_2031839_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a Author-Name: Lísabet Guðmundsdóttir Author-X-Name-First: Lísabet Author-X-Name-Last: Guðmundsdóttir Title: The Utilisation of Native Woodland in Norse Greenland Abstract: Wood was a key raw material for past societies and no less so in the Arctic region where woodland is sparse. When Norse settlers came to Greenland in the late tenth century AD, the pristine environment had not been affected by other humans for centuries. It has been assumed that the Norse had a negative effect on the environment, with drastic woodland clearance resulting in a more or less treeless landscape, contributing to the eventual demise of the Norse Greenlandic society. Recent palynological studies indicate that the environmental impact was in fact more complex. Wood taxonomic analyses on artefacts and samples from five Norse Greenlandic sites (1000–1400 AD) show that 36% of the combined assemblages (total of 8552 pieces) derive from native woodland. Mostly, it was used to make small-sized objects, but it was also an important source of nutrients, fuel, fodder and insulation. The proportion of native woodland was significantly higher on medium-sized farms than at the one high-status farm studied, indicating that socioeconomic factors impacted wood acquisition. Although local woodlands could not sustain all the timber needs of the Norse Greenlanders, it made up a substantial component of their wood procurement strategies. Journal: Environmental Archaeology Pages: 229-245 Issue: 3 Volume: 29 Year: 2024 Month: 05 X-DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2022.2031839 File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/14614103.2022.2031839 File-Format: text/html File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers. Handle: RePEc:taf:yenvxx:v:29:y:2024:i:3:p:229-245