1 00:00:03,960 --> 00:00:06,720 Stuck out in the middle of the South Atlantic Ocean, 2 00:00:06,720 --> 00:00:10,320 the Falkland Islands are about the size of northern Ireland 3 00:00:10,320 --> 00:00:14,120 with a population of only 2,500 people 4 00:00:14,120 --> 00:00:16,360 but over half a million sheep. 5 00:00:17,640 --> 00:00:19,080 This wild and rugged landscape 6 00:00:19,080 --> 00:00:22,600 is one of the most unspoilt places on earth 7 00:00:22,600 --> 00:00:25,320 and home to some spectacular wildlife. 8 00:00:29,920 --> 00:00:33,400 But life here at the bottom of the world can be tough. 9 00:00:33,400 --> 00:00:37,760 It's over 30 years since the dark days of the Falklands conflict. 10 00:00:37,760 --> 00:00:41,520 Since then new opportunities have come to these shores 11 00:00:41,520 --> 00:00:46,560 but also changes that threaten a way of life that dates back 200 years 12 00:00:46,560 --> 00:00:49,080 to when the islands were settled by pioneers 13 00:00:49,080 --> 00:00:51,880 from Britain and Scandinavia. 14 00:00:51,880 --> 00:00:56,320 An important member of this close-knit community is the rector, 15 00:00:56,320 --> 00:00:58,440 the Reverend Richard Hines. 16 00:00:58,440 --> 00:00:59,880 Good morning, everyone. 17 00:00:59,880 --> 00:01:03,920 A warm welcome to Christ Church Cathedral today. 18 00:01:03,920 --> 00:01:05,880 And in uncertain times, 19 00:01:05,880 --> 00:01:09,520 he's someone they can turn to in their hour of need. 20 00:01:09,520 --> 00:01:12,280 I hope and dare to believe that they understand that 21 00:01:12,280 --> 00:01:15,040 I care about them. 22 00:01:15,040 --> 00:01:18,840 To be in the Falklands Islands, there's little more beautiful 23 00:01:18,840 --> 00:01:22,080 than one can imagine than this here. 24 00:01:57,000 --> 00:02:02,600 The Falklands archipelago is made up of 778 individual islands. 25 00:02:02,600 --> 00:02:06,120 The two largest are West and East Falkland 26 00:02:06,120 --> 00:02:07,800 with the islands' capital Stanley 27 00:02:07,800 --> 00:02:10,640 on a natural harbour on the easternmost tip. 28 00:02:11,840 --> 00:02:14,600 And it's here in the deanery that the Reverend Richard 29 00:02:14,600 --> 00:02:17,960 and his wife Jen have lived for the past six years. 30 00:02:17,960 --> 00:02:21,560 - Which do you prefer? - Fish. - You'd like fish. 31 00:02:21,560 --> 00:02:24,200 They swapped the north-east coast of Norfolk 32 00:02:24,200 --> 00:02:27,360 where Richard was in charge of nine medieval churches 33 00:02:27,360 --> 00:02:30,480 for the largest parish in the Anglican communion 34 00:02:30,480 --> 00:02:33,400 which takes in the British Antarctic territory, 35 00:02:33,400 --> 00:02:37,120 South Georgia and the South Sandwich islands. 36 00:02:37,120 --> 00:02:41,440 These days, 90% of Richard's congregation live in Stanley 37 00:02:41,440 --> 00:02:45,080 but there are people dotted all over this vast area. 38 00:02:45,080 --> 00:02:49,520 Today, he's at Stanley airport about to make the 85-mile trip 39 00:02:49,520 --> 00:02:52,000 north to Pebble Island. 40 00:02:52,000 --> 00:02:57,040 We're going to fly past Port Louis over Teal Inlet, Douglas Station, 41 00:02:57,040 --> 00:03:01,200 we'll cross Falkland Sound which will be nice, I'm sure, 42 00:03:01,200 --> 00:03:03,320 and eventually we'll reach Pebble Island 43 00:03:03,320 --> 00:03:07,280 on the northern part of the West Falkland Islands. 44 00:03:07,280 --> 00:03:09,880 There's nothing quite like a face-to-face visit 45 00:03:09,880 --> 00:03:11,240 so if I get the opportunity 46 00:03:11,240 --> 00:03:13,800 or if I feel I need to pop out and see somebody, 47 00:03:13,800 --> 00:03:15,440 which is the case today, 48 00:03:15,440 --> 00:03:18,040 and visit a couple of people in particular on Pebble Island, 49 00:03:18,040 --> 00:03:20,400 then to be able to fly out like this 50 00:03:20,400 --> 00:03:23,680 and to go with my wife Jen as well is nice 51 00:03:23,680 --> 00:03:26,520 and it's the best sort of work you could imagine, really. 52 00:03:26,520 --> 00:03:30,120 Jen likes to accompany Richard on his pastoral visits 53 00:03:30,120 --> 00:03:32,080 but there's a price to pay... 54 00:03:32,080 --> 00:03:36,200 She's not a fan of the twin propeller islander planes. 55 00:03:36,200 --> 00:03:37,920 I shall be glad when it's over. 56 00:03:37,920 --> 00:03:39,880 But I shall probably doze 57 00:03:39,880 --> 00:03:44,840 cos I have been taking pills that the doctor gave me to calm me down 58 00:03:44,840 --> 00:03:46,920 and stop me getting air sick. 59 00:03:46,920 --> 00:03:49,600 So, I shall no doubt nod off. 60 00:03:49,600 --> 00:03:55,600 I don't open my eyes much, so I shall be very tranquil and just... 61 00:03:55,600 --> 00:03:59,960 calm down and just take it as it comes and be glad when we land. 62 00:04:01,160 --> 00:04:05,040 The Falklands Islands Government Air Service or FIGAS 63 00:04:05,040 --> 00:04:07,280 operates out of Stanley airport 64 00:04:07,280 --> 00:04:10,800 and has a fleet of four ten-seater planes. 65 00:04:10,800 --> 00:04:14,000 Most of the farms and settlements have their own airstrip 66 00:04:14,000 --> 00:04:17,240 so islanders just have to call up and find out when the next pilot 67 00:04:17,240 --> 00:04:19,920 is available to take them where they want to go. 68 00:04:21,080 --> 00:04:23,800 Pebble Island is popular with tourists 69 00:04:23,800 --> 00:04:26,240 because of its beautiful sandy beaches 70 00:04:26,240 --> 00:04:29,680 but the interior is basically one large sheep farm 71 00:04:29,680 --> 00:04:35,320 which is run by Irina Bernstein, a fifth generation Falkland islander. 72 00:04:35,320 --> 00:04:38,680 Irina's younger sister passed away a few weeks ago 73 00:04:38,680 --> 00:04:41,200 and Richard's checking in to show his support. 74 00:04:41,200 --> 00:04:44,720 Chook, chooks. Come on, chooks! Chook, chook, chook! 75 00:04:44,720 --> 00:04:48,280 And today that means helping collect some fresh eggs to take back 76 00:04:48,280 --> 00:04:51,280 to Irina's mother Clara who lives in Stanley. 77 00:04:51,280 --> 00:04:53,280 Chook, chook, chook! 78 00:04:53,280 --> 00:04:57,280 I can never keep up with my hens. Free-range, quite literally, 79 00:04:57,280 --> 00:05:00,160 they're that free, I can't find them half the time. 80 00:05:00,160 --> 00:05:02,760 Come on, girls. Come and get supper! Chook, chook, chook! 81 00:05:02,760 --> 00:05:04,360 Come on, girls! 82 00:05:04,360 --> 00:05:09,200 Could you imitate the cluck so I can recognise it? 83 00:05:09,200 --> 00:05:12,760 - Are you having me on? - Come on, do a cluck. Do a cluck! 84 00:05:12,760 --> 00:05:15,080 - Are you having me on? - Do a cluck! 85 00:05:15,080 --> 00:05:18,080 If I was a vicious mother hen, I would probably fly at you! 86 00:05:18,080 --> 00:05:19,960 Do a cluck. 87 00:05:19,960 --> 00:05:21,760 Cluck, cluck, cluck! 88 00:05:22,880 --> 00:05:26,640 Richard, you are something else. 89 00:05:26,640 --> 00:05:28,600 These are my mum's hens, these ones. 90 00:05:28,600 --> 00:05:32,400 These are Mother's specials, the seven hens she's got here. 91 00:05:32,400 --> 00:05:36,880 Keeps her going in eggs all year round because... 92 00:05:36,880 --> 00:05:41,320 she stores them up in pickle for the winter, 93 00:05:41,320 --> 00:05:44,800 in isinglass I think you would probably call it in England, 94 00:05:44,800 --> 00:05:48,560 and therefore she has nice eggs all year round. 95 00:05:48,560 --> 00:05:54,360 It's a bit of a dying art now, not many people pickle eggs any longer. 96 00:05:54,360 --> 00:05:57,200 Would you like to come and get this nest of eggs here for me 97 00:05:57,200 --> 00:05:58,520 while I look in the hen house? 98 00:05:58,520 --> 00:06:03,160 - There's some eggs down there in that nest, look. - Oh, wow! - OK? 99 00:06:03,160 --> 00:06:05,200 - My breakfast? - Your breakfast? 100 00:06:05,200 --> 00:06:07,120 Yes, you can have them for your breakfast. 101 00:06:07,120 --> 00:06:09,280 I'll tell Mother you've eaten them for breakfast. 102 00:06:09,280 --> 00:06:12,840 So, one for me, one for your mum, one for me, one for your mum. 103 00:06:12,840 --> 00:06:16,560 "How many did you get, Richard?" "Er, about four, Clara." 104 00:06:16,560 --> 00:06:18,360 Yes, that's right! 105 00:06:18,360 --> 00:06:20,760 THEY LAUGH 106 00:06:22,400 --> 00:06:25,480 The parish is the whole of the Falkland Islands 107 00:06:25,480 --> 00:06:28,120 and way beyond, so I need to be out and about, 108 00:06:28,120 --> 00:06:30,960 I need to see people where they live, 109 00:06:30,960 --> 00:06:33,720 they, I think, probably appreciate seeing me, 110 00:06:33,720 --> 00:06:37,120 visiting them in their homes and so to go out to Pebble Island 111 00:06:37,120 --> 00:06:39,280 or some of the other remote islands 112 00:06:39,280 --> 00:06:42,040 is absolutely fundamental to what I do. 113 00:06:42,040 --> 00:06:46,280 I didn't go to sit down and have a long bereavement counselling session 114 00:06:46,280 --> 00:06:50,480 with Irina, but I went to see how things are since, 115 00:06:50,480 --> 00:06:54,200 tragically, her younger sister died not so long ago. 116 00:06:54,200 --> 00:06:56,560 The hens and the eggs are important to Irina 117 00:06:56,560 --> 00:06:58,400 and they're important to her mother, 118 00:06:58,400 --> 00:07:01,200 so they're important to me. 119 00:07:01,200 --> 00:07:04,640 With the eggs safely packed up ready for the journey home, 120 00:07:04,640 --> 00:07:06,960 Richard has got a couple of hours to spare 121 00:07:06,960 --> 00:07:09,160 before he has to catch the flight back. 122 00:07:13,240 --> 00:07:16,040 Even after six years of living in the Falklands, 123 00:07:16,040 --> 00:07:19,200 neither he nor Jen ever tire of spending time 124 00:07:19,200 --> 00:07:21,800 with the islands' most iconic residents. 125 00:07:24,960 --> 00:07:27,160 There are five different varieties of penguin 126 00:07:27,160 --> 00:07:29,680 that live on the Falkland Islands. 127 00:07:29,680 --> 00:07:33,680 Amongst which, the world's largest population of gentoo penguins. 128 00:07:39,880 --> 00:07:44,400 In all, around a million birds nest here during the summer months. 129 00:07:46,000 --> 00:07:50,200 Rockhopper penguins are the smallest and most agile, 130 00:07:50,200 --> 00:07:53,440 they gather together in huge colonies. 131 00:07:55,720 --> 00:07:59,400 But that doesn't stop them wanting to make new friends. 132 00:07:59,400 --> 00:08:02,520 He's a very inquisitive chap, he's come to say hello. 133 00:08:04,960 --> 00:08:09,400 I think when you're in a place like this with these penguins 134 00:08:09,400 --> 00:08:13,800 and watching the tide come and go and... 135 00:08:13,800 --> 00:08:16,360 there's a timelessness about this. 136 00:08:16,360 --> 00:08:21,480 These rockhopper penguins have been coming on to this island 137 00:08:21,480 --> 00:08:24,240 for hundreds of years. 138 00:08:24,240 --> 00:08:27,560 And I hope and pray that in 100 years, 139 00:08:27,560 --> 00:08:31,200 several hundred years, forever, they'll still be coming over. 140 00:08:33,600 --> 00:08:37,200 The weather on the Falklands is notoriously fickle, 141 00:08:37,200 --> 00:08:39,520 but the one constant is the wind. 142 00:08:39,520 --> 00:08:41,680 It whips in off the South Atlantic 143 00:08:41,680 --> 00:08:44,760 and has shaped this landscape and the people who live here. 144 00:08:46,160 --> 00:08:49,200 Out in the camp, which is the Falkland Island's word 145 00:08:49,200 --> 00:08:51,640 for everywhere outside of Stanley 146 00:08:51,640 --> 00:08:55,200 and comes from the Spanish word "campo" meaning "countryside", 147 00:08:55,200 --> 00:08:57,920 the islanders have learnt to take full advantage 148 00:08:57,920 --> 00:09:01,640 of this steady stream of air blowing across their land. 149 00:09:01,640 --> 00:09:04,320 At Swan Inlet on East Falkland, 150 00:09:04,320 --> 00:09:09,560 Andrez Short owns and runs the smallest sheep farm on the islands. 151 00:09:09,560 --> 00:09:11,800 I'm just putting on some toast for breakfast, 152 00:09:11,800 --> 00:09:14,280 it's a windy day so we can have toast. 153 00:09:14,280 --> 00:09:19,360 And we generate 98% of our electricity with a wind turbine. 154 00:09:20,760 --> 00:09:23,040 Here we go! 155 00:09:23,040 --> 00:09:24,400 Thanks to the wind. 156 00:09:24,400 --> 00:09:28,120 Of course there's nothing like toast and home-made butter. 157 00:09:28,120 --> 00:09:32,080 Seventh generation Falkland islander Andrez has worked this farm 158 00:09:32,080 --> 00:09:35,880 for the past ten years, helped by his young son Tom 159 00:09:35,880 --> 00:09:38,440 and his wife Alison, who's a teacher 160 00:09:38,440 --> 00:09:41,800 and moved here from London 20 years ago. 161 00:09:41,800 --> 00:09:44,200 Back in England, I mean, you'd get on the rat race, 162 00:09:44,200 --> 00:09:47,120 and on the nine till five, 163 00:09:47,120 --> 00:09:50,040 and going to the supermarket on Thursday nights and whatever... 164 00:09:50,040 --> 00:09:52,280 The whole thing, you know, the whole routine. 165 00:09:52,280 --> 00:09:54,200 SHE LAUGHS 166 00:09:54,200 --> 00:09:59,120 So, came out here, enjoyed it, went back, applied for a job. 167 00:09:59,120 --> 00:10:03,280 - INTERVIEWER: - Never looked back? - No, never looked back, no regrets. 168 00:10:03,280 --> 00:10:07,160 I had this sort of romantic idea about having 169 00:10:07,160 --> 00:10:13,360 a place in the country to be self-sufficient and things like that. 170 00:10:13,360 --> 00:10:16,040 This place came on the market 171 00:10:16,040 --> 00:10:19,640 and we very, very quickly realised, or I very quickly... 172 00:10:19,640 --> 00:10:24,800 We both very quickly realised that we couldn't have that romantic idea 173 00:10:24,800 --> 00:10:28,360 of, like, a second home outside of town 174 00:10:28,360 --> 00:10:32,120 and it was going to be far too expensive. 175 00:10:32,120 --> 00:10:35,160 So, we had to set off to make some sort of business. 176 00:10:35,160 --> 00:10:38,200 Fresh milk is a bit of a commodity on the islands. 177 00:10:38,200 --> 00:10:40,560 There's no dairy so when the shops in Stanley 178 00:10:40,560 --> 00:10:42,720 run out of frozen imported milk, 179 00:10:42,720 --> 00:10:46,080 there's only UHT or powdered to fall back on. 180 00:10:46,080 --> 00:10:49,520 Andrez has turned this problem to his advantage. 181 00:10:49,520 --> 00:10:54,480 I sent away and got this separator a couple of years ago. 182 00:10:54,480 --> 00:10:55,800 This is... 183 00:10:57,800 --> 00:11:01,840 ..Polish, I think it was. I got it off eBay. 184 00:11:01,840 --> 00:11:04,200 Putting it in its individual plastic bags, 185 00:11:04,200 --> 00:11:08,360 I can deliver it once a week and the added benefit for the customers is 186 00:11:08,360 --> 00:11:10,240 they can put it in their freezer 187 00:11:10,240 --> 00:11:13,200 and just thaw it out and use it as they need it. 188 00:11:13,200 --> 00:11:16,520 Andrez's farm is 40 miles from Stanley 189 00:11:16,520 --> 00:11:19,520 which can take up to an hour in his four-by-four. 190 00:11:21,120 --> 00:11:24,160 People have different arrangements where I drop it. 191 00:11:26,560 --> 00:11:28,920 This is one of our better customers, 192 00:11:28,920 --> 00:11:32,200 they like six litres a week which is a good delivery for me. 193 00:11:35,600 --> 00:11:38,560 And they have a freezer here especially for the job. 194 00:11:42,840 --> 00:11:45,400 You do adapt and you do make do. 195 00:11:45,400 --> 00:11:49,480 If you haven't got something, you have to use an alternative. 196 00:11:49,480 --> 00:11:52,440 It just makes an interesting lifestyle, really. 197 00:11:53,640 --> 00:11:56,840 Fresh milk deliveries aren't the only way Andrez has tried 198 00:11:56,840 --> 00:11:58,400 to make ends meet. 199 00:11:58,400 --> 00:12:01,640 Over the years, he's turned his hand to a few trades. 200 00:12:01,640 --> 00:12:05,840 At one time, he was the islands' only fridge repair man. 201 00:12:05,840 --> 00:12:09,520 The struggle is to make it pay, that's why it's a struggle. 202 00:12:09,520 --> 00:12:13,480 It's the fact it's always that push to try and make it pay 203 00:12:13,480 --> 00:12:14,720 and make a living out of it. 204 00:12:14,720 --> 00:12:18,000 It's too small in the Falklands to make a living traditionally, 205 00:12:18,000 --> 00:12:20,560 the way that other Falkland islanders would. 206 00:12:20,560 --> 00:12:22,000 It's an ongoing battle 207 00:12:22,000 --> 00:12:26,240 but if Andrez's dream of self-sufficiency is going to work, 208 00:12:26,240 --> 00:12:28,880 he's got to keep coming up with new ideas. 209 00:12:33,600 --> 00:12:37,240 Stanley may only be the size of an average British village 210 00:12:37,240 --> 00:12:40,200 but as well as a cathedral it's also got a hospital, 211 00:12:40,200 --> 00:12:44,080 an airport and its own TV and radio station, 212 00:12:44,080 --> 00:12:46,160 which is currently mid-broadcast 213 00:12:46,160 --> 00:12:49,800 on Falkland Radio's weekly classical music show. 214 00:12:51,480 --> 00:12:54,880 That was the Allegretto from Cesar Franck's Sonata 215 00:12:54,880 --> 00:12:57,160 for violin and piano. 216 00:12:57,160 --> 00:13:03,120 The next piece is by a renaissance composer called Orlando de Lasso. 217 00:13:03,120 --> 00:13:05,120 For those of you who read Sherlock Holmes, 218 00:13:05,120 --> 00:13:07,880 that's the Lassus whose polyphonic motets 219 00:13:07,880 --> 00:13:10,840 Sherlock Holmes wrote a piece about. 220 00:13:14,280 --> 00:13:17,840 Nigel Haywood is one of five volunteer DJs 221 00:13:17,840 --> 00:13:20,440 who take turns presenting the programme. 222 00:13:20,440 --> 00:13:23,440 But he also has a rather more important job. 223 00:13:23,440 --> 00:13:27,560 Since 2010, he's been the governor of the Falklands, 224 00:13:27,560 --> 00:13:30,560 Her Majesty's representative on the Islands. 225 00:13:32,560 --> 00:13:37,480 His official residence is Government House, built in 1845. 226 00:13:37,480 --> 00:13:40,680 It's easy to spot because it's surrounded by tall trees 227 00:13:40,680 --> 00:13:44,040 which were specially planted and nurtured through their early years 228 00:13:44,040 --> 00:13:48,520 to withstand the fierce winds that sweep in off the sea. 229 00:13:48,520 --> 00:13:51,760 It's also recognisable to anyone who lives here 230 00:13:51,760 --> 00:13:54,360 as it features on the islands' currency. 231 00:13:54,360 --> 00:13:56,880 It's on all bank notes from the Falkland Islands. 232 00:13:56,880 --> 00:13:59,080 There you are, with the church, with the cathedral, 233 00:13:59,080 --> 00:14:00,520 that's the house where, 234 00:14:00,520 --> 00:14:04,080 as you can see, the building we're looking at, straight in front of us. 235 00:14:04,080 --> 00:14:05,920 Flag over there. 236 00:14:05,920 --> 00:14:09,040 This is my favourite device. 237 00:14:09,040 --> 00:14:10,640 I'll just share it with you. 238 00:14:12,360 --> 00:14:15,760 I think the best thing in the house is George VI's cocktail shaker. 239 00:14:15,760 --> 00:14:18,360 It makes extremely good dry martinis. 240 00:14:19,560 --> 00:14:24,040 The house has a full-time staff of seven including a gardener 241 00:14:24,040 --> 00:14:28,200 and a cook who caters for the governor's official functions. 242 00:14:30,760 --> 00:14:33,080 - To guiding. ALL: - To guiding! 243 00:14:34,320 --> 00:14:36,080 This evening he's entertaining 244 00:14:36,080 --> 00:14:39,000 the organisers of the Falkland Islands' Girl Guides. 245 00:14:39,000 --> 00:14:41,560 I hope I don't have... Do I have to give this back? 246 00:14:41,560 --> 00:14:44,840 - No, no, you keep that. - Oh, good thank you. I'll treasure this... 247 00:14:44,840 --> 00:14:48,800 Government House is also known as the site of the deciding gun battle 248 00:14:48,800 --> 00:14:52,440 during the Argentine invasion in 1982. 249 00:14:52,440 --> 00:14:55,200 On April 2nd, a few Royal Marines held out 250 00:14:55,200 --> 00:14:57,880 against a much greater Argentine force. 251 00:14:57,880 --> 00:15:00,840 But in the end, they had no choice but to surrender. 252 00:15:00,840 --> 00:15:06,440 Our only bullet hole inside is... that one, 253 00:15:06,440 --> 00:15:10,000 that's our relic of 1982 at any rate. 254 00:15:10,000 --> 00:15:13,920 So, there's a whole history, just even in the drawer. 255 00:15:13,920 --> 00:15:16,720 The obvious interesting point here is that this survived 256 00:15:16,720 --> 00:15:19,000 the Argentine invasion... 257 00:15:19,000 --> 00:15:22,520 Whatever they did - moving into the house, occupying it, 258 00:15:22,520 --> 00:15:24,520 occupying the offices and the bedrooms - 259 00:15:24,520 --> 00:15:27,560 they didn't actually take the silverware. 260 00:15:27,560 --> 00:15:33,960 This is the Argentine governor from 1982 when General Menendez took over. 261 00:15:33,960 --> 00:15:36,680 You can see the pictures there - that's a picture of Shackleton, 262 00:15:36,680 --> 00:15:38,480 which is just on the wall outside there. 263 00:15:38,480 --> 00:15:41,840 So, obviously, while replacing the Queen with Bolivar 264 00:15:41,840 --> 00:15:43,200 or whoever it was, 265 00:15:43,200 --> 00:15:46,080 they obviously felt that they could still retain Shackleton, 266 00:15:46,080 --> 00:15:51,000 which I think shows at least the start of good taste. 267 00:15:52,560 --> 00:15:56,240 The conflict lasted for 74 days before British forces 268 00:15:56,240 --> 00:15:59,720 finally retook Stanley on June 14th. 269 00:15:59,720 --> 00:16:04,080 During that time, there were over 900 casualties from both sides 270 00:16:04,080 --> 00:16:07,200 and three civilians also lost their lives. 271 00:16:07,200 --> 00:16:10,360 But that wasn't the first time that these islands 272 00:16:10,360 --> 00:16:12,560 have been at the centre of world events. 273 00:16:12,560 --> 00:16:17,000 In 1914, one of the pivotal naval battles of the First World War 274 00:16:17,000 --> 00:16:19,200 was fought off these shores 275 00:16:19,200 --> 00:16:22,560 when British ships pursued and sank a German fleet. 276 00:16:23,880 --> 00:16:26,640 For the islanders, the full weight of this past suffering 277 00:16:26,640 --> 00:16:29,560 and the sacrifices made to preserve their way of life 278 00:16:29,560 --> 00:16:32,880 is brought home every year on Remembrance Sunday, 279 00:16:32,880 --> 00:16:36,840 and it's Reverend Richards' job to put all that into words. 280 00:16:36,840 --> 00:16:39,240 Just putting the finishing touches, I hope, 281 00:16:39,240 --> 00:16:42,280 to my sermon for Remembrance Sunday. 282 00:16:42,280 --> 00:16:48,080 I've been inspired to some extent by Benjamin Britten's War Requiem. 283 00:16:54,600 --> 00:16:57,960 MUSIC: War Requiem, Op. 66 by Benjamin Britten 284 00:17:05,000 --> 00:17:08,640 "My subject is War, and the pity of War. 285 00:17:08,640 --> 00:17:11,240 "The Poetry is in the pity. 286 00:17:11,240 --> 00:17:14,680 "All a poet can do today is warn." 287 00:17:16,240 --> 00:17:21,000 The words of Wilfred Owen, who tragically was killed aged 25 years 288 00:17:21,000 --> 00:17:23,800 when he was leading his men in the First World War - 289 00:17:23,800 --> 00:17:26,480 he was killed five days before the war ended. 290 00:17:28,120 --> 00:17:31,480 It was an incredibly daring and some might have said 291 00:17:31,480 --> 00:17:35,040 blasphemous proposal that Benjamin Britten should have taken 292 00:17:35,040 --> 00:17:39,920 the words of the Catholic Requiem Mass and interspersed there 293 00:17:39,920 --> 00:17:44,240 these devastating words and images of the First World War 294 00:17:44,240 --> 00:17:45,920 that Owen put down. 295 00:17:45,920 --> 00:17:49,160 The only authentic reverent remembrance is indeed 296 00:17:49,160 --> 00:17:51,200 one full of hope - 297 00:17:51,200 --> 00:17:56,280 a message of reconciliation, but a message of hope and great promise. 298 00:17:56,280 --> 00:17:59,920 And I'll try to say that in seven or eight minutes. 299 00:17:59,920 --> 00:18:01,840 With his sermon as good as finished, 300 00:18:01,840 --> 00:18:06,440 Richard is able to fulfil an important promise that he made. 301 00:18:11,720 --> 00:18:13,720 - Hello, Clara! - Oh, hello, Richard! 302 00:18:13,720 --> 00:18:17,080 - Back from Pebble Island! - Ah, how nice to see you. 303 00:18:17,080 --> 00:18:19,840 - Come in. - I've brought you the hen's... The hen's eggs. 304 00:18:19,840 --> 00:18:23,400 - Oh, thank you very much. - Your daughter says, "Hello!" 305 00:18:23,400 --> 00:18:25,520 THEY CHUCKLE 306 00:18:25,520 --> 00:18:28,920 The dozen eggs that were laid by Clara's hens out on Pebble 307 00:18:28,920 --> 00:18:32,520 have now been safely delivered to their rightful owner. 308 00:18:32,520 --> 00:18:34,200 Is that the nice bush tea? 309 00:18:34,200 --> 00:18:39,680 - Yes, it is. It is. It's your... It's your favourite. - Bush tea... 310 00:18:39,680 --> 00:18:44,080 Bush tea made on a peat...stove, that's got to be good. 311 00:18:46,800 --> 00:18:50,600 Clara has prepared a traditional Falkland Islands tea, 312 00:18:50,600 --> 00:18:55,000 known as "smoko", with mounds of home-made cakes and biscuits. 313 00:18:55,000 --> 00:18:56,040 Thank you very much. 314 00:18:56,040 --> 00:19:00,280 - This was the dance hall at Port San Carlos. - Oh, right... 315 00:19:00,280 --> 00:19:03,680 She moved to Stanley after the 1982 war, 316 00:19:03,680 --> 00:19:06,960 but before that, she lived her whole life out in Camp 317 00:19:06,960 --> 00:19:09,360 in the far west of East Falkland. 318 00:19:09,360 --> 00:19:12,760 Back then, there were no roads, and the only way to get into Stanley 319 00:19:12,760 --> 00:19:13,960 was on horseback. 320 00:19:13,960 --> 00:19:16,960 - These are the ones I like. Look at this. - Oh, yes, that's... 321 00:19:16,960 --> 00:19:19,520 - Look at that picture now, that... That's your husband? - Son. 322 00:19:19,520 --> 00:19:21,920 Yes, son Fraser, and Irina. 323 00:19:21,920 --> 00:19:24,840 - Irina in the middle, who we saw on Pebble Island. - Yes. 324 00:19:24,840 --> 00:19:26,720 - And dear... - Leona, her sister. 325 00:19:26,720 --> 00:19:30,920 - Leona, yeah. - And that's my horse. I'm taking the photo, you see. 326 00:19:30,920 --> 00:19:32,280 When you were in the Camp, 327 00:19:32,280 --> 00:19:34,560 I believe you worked as a teacher, didn't you? 328 00:19:34,560 --> 00:19:38,160 Yes, that's right. I was a travelling teacher. 329 00:19:38,160 --> 00:19:41,560 - I mean, those are quite long rides, aren't they? - Yes, that's right. 330 00:19:41,560 --> 00:19:44,280 So, did they look out for you, to know whether you'd arrived...? 331 00:19:44,280 --> 00:19:47,000 No! No, there was no communications or anything, 332 00:19:47,000 --> 00:19:49,040 I just used to go on my own. 333 00:19:49,040 --> 00:19:52,840 When you look back, do you think of all the thousands of miles 334 00:19:52,840 --> 00:19:54,960 you must have ridden on your horse? 335 00:19:54,960 --> 00:20:00,520 Oh, yes! There was freedom and fresh air and...always had a dog, 336 00:20:00,520 --> 00:20:01,920 just a sheepdog. 337 00:20:01,920 --> 00:20:05,240 - So, a dog would run with the horse? - Yes, the dog was company. 338 00:20:05,240 --> 00:20:09,440 Since the war, there's been a general migration away from Camp 339 00:20:09,440 --> 00:20:13,400 and into Stanley, as people took up jobs in new industries 340 00:20:13,400 --> 00:20:15,880 like offshore fishing and tourism. 341 00:20:15,880 --> 00:20:19,840 But sheep farming is written into the DNA of the Falkland Islanders 342 00:20:19,840 --> 00:20:23,280 and in the last few years, there's been a resurgence 343 00:20:23,280 --> 00:20:27,160 in the number of small family farms springing up all over the islands. 344 00:20:27,160 --> 00:20:29,520 The smallest, with only 300 sheep, 345 00:20:29,520 --> 00:20:32,840 belongs to Andrez at Swan Inlet. 346 00:20:32,840 --> 00:20:36,720 Because we're so very small, we have to do things that's different 347 00:20:36,720 --> 00:20:39,200 to the normal way that it's done here. 348 00:20:39,200 --> 00:20:44,080 We don't have vast areas where we can have vast numbers of animals. 349 00:20:44,080 --> 00:20:47,080 We've got small areas, so we've got to have high-value animals 350 00:20:47,080 --> 00:20:50,920 to maximise the area that we have. 351 00:20:50,920 --> 00:20:54,520 Ever resourceful, Andrez has hedged his bets again 352 00:20:54,520 --> 00:20:57,520 and made the decision to become a purveyor of pork 353 00:20:57,520 --> 00:20:59,400 to the shops of Stanley. 354 00:21:00,480 --> 00:21:03,080 These are about three weeks old now 355 00:21:03,080 --> 00:21:06,680 and we've got some more babies just down at the bottom here that's... 356 00:21:06,680 --> 00:21:08,200 like a week old. 357 00:21:09,800 --> 00:21:15,240 He bought his first boar and sow in 2009, but there are so few pigs 358 00:21:15,240 --> 00:21:18,760 on the Falklands that he soon ran into problems with inbreeding. 359 00:21:18,760 --> 00:21:21,480 Getting new stock is complicated. 360 00:21:21,480 --> 00:21:24,920 Argentina has restricted shipping between the islands 361 00:21:24,920 --> 00:21:29,720 and mainland South America, so he had to look 8,000 miles away. 362 00:21:29,720 --> 00:21:32,720 Those fellas with the pointy ears are from the boar 363 00:21:32,720 --> 00:21:35,200 that come from the UK that we flew in. 364 00:21:35,200 --> 00:21:39,800 His proper name, I think, it's... Withersfield McFlannel, 365 00:21:39,800 --> 00:21:41,640 but we called him JJ, 366 00:21:41,640 --> 00:21:44,800 cos JJ Jeffries was the guy on the oil flight 367 00:21:44,800 --> 00:21:47,840 that sort of helped look after him and that, bringing him down. 368 00:21:48,840 --> 00:21:51,840 They were little, tiny babies when they came 369 00:21:51,840 --> 00:21:55,920 and they were eye-wateringly expensive, I can tell you. 370 00:21:55,920 --> 00:21:59,920 They were valued at £1,500 each by the time we got them here, so... 371 00:21:59,920 --> 00:22:01,880 - INTERVIEWER: - What's so special about them? 372 00:22:01,880 --> 00:22:05,320 Well, there's no genetics in the Falklands - they're not special. 373 00:22:05,320 --> 00:22:07,840 There's just no new genetics in the Falklands, 374 00:22:07,840 --> 00:22:09,720 and if we wanted to breed pigs, 375 00:22:09,720 --> 00:22:12,320 we had to find some new genetics from somewhere, 376 00:22:12,320 --> 00:22:14,520 and the only way to get them was to have them 377 00:22:14,520 --> 00:22:16,160 flown down on the oil flight. 378 00:22:16,160 --> 00:22:19,160 There was snow on the runway at Mount Pleasant and it couldn't land 379 00:22:19,160 --> 00:22:21,560 so they had to get diverted to Punta Arenas 380 00:22:21,560 --> 00:22:25,160 and the engineers kindly stayed on the plane to look after them 381 00:22:25,160 --> 00:22:30,080 and I believe it cost about £7,000 to keep the plane warm. 382 00:22:30,080 --> 00:22:32,160 Unfortunately, the oil flight said 383 00:22:32,160 --> 00:22:34,880 they'd never fly them again for us, so... 384 00:22:34,880 --> 00:22:37,800 It is very difficult when you're trying to get something in. 385 00:22:37,800 --> 00:22:39,120 Take the pig food - 386 00:22:39,120 --> 00:22:41,920 that's three months' lead-in time at least for us, 387 00:22:41,920 --> 00:22:46,080 from the moment we order it until we get it. 388 00:22:46,080 --> 00:22:49,680 So you've always got to be planning a long, long way in advance. 389 00:22:49,680 --> 00:22:51,760 Buying Swan Inlet wasn't to be a farm, 390 00:22:51,760 --> 00:22:55,400 it was to have somewhere in Camp and...have some horses 391 00:22:55,400 --> 00:22:58,160 and have a bit of land and somewhere to go out of town, 392 00:22:58,160 --> 00:23:01,120 and it's only as he got into it and got interested in sheep... 393 00:23:01,120 --> 00:23:05,600 and then...pigs, and I'd just nod and say, "Yes, OK, dear..." 394 00:23:05,600 --> 00:23:09,400 SHE LAUGHS ..and then wait to see what really happens! 395 00:23:09,400 --> 00:23:11,560 He'll never forgive me for saying this! 396 00:23:13,240 --> 00:23:16,200 Andrez's dream of living the good life in Camp, 397 00:23:16,200 --> 00:23:20,200 while still bringing home the bacon, is going to be an ongoing challenge, 398 00:23:20,200 --> 00:23:24,080 but there's no doubting his passion for the project. 399 00:23:24,080 --> 00:23:28,080 I've just given her a scratch. We like to...sort of give them all 400 00:23:28,080 --> 00:23:30,800 a scratch or a pet. 401 00:23:30,800 --> 00:23:32,720 And after all, they're earning us money, 402 00:23:32,720 --> 00:23:35,240 so, you know, they need looking after, don't they? 403 00:23:35,240 --> 00:23:37,880 She sort of wriggles and squeaks a bit, it's very... 404 00:23:37,880 --> 00:23:40,280 She must find it quite pleasurable, I think. 405 00:23:41,280 --> 00:23:44,240 But...not today, too busy eating. 406 00:23:51,960 --> 00:23:55,080 Remembrance Sunday is here and at Government House, 407 00:23:55,080 --> 00:23:59,560 Nigel is preparing for a day of services and commemoration, 408 00:23:59,560 --> 00:24:02,880 which means donning full ceremonial dress. 409 00:24:04,280 --> 00:24:08,040 The uniform is a traditional governor's uniform 410 00:24:08,040 --> 00:24:13,440 from about the 19th century, I think, and... 411 00:24:13,440 --> 00:24:18,800 the acorns and whatever braid represent the ranks of governors - 412 00:24:18,800 --> 00:24:20,600 I'm actually the only person 413 00:24:20,600 --> 00:24:23,640 that wears this particular uniform, I think, now. 414 00:24:23,640 --> 00:24:29,400 And then the badge there is the sort of royal crown thistle, 415 00:24:29,400 --> 00:24:31,240 so that's a United Kingdom's badge. 416 00:24:31,240 --> 00:24:35,440 There used to be a stage where every governor had their own sword 417 00:24:35,440 --> 00:24:37,680 and it would be quite nice just to use it to lop 418 00:24:37,680 --> 00:24:39,160 the top off a champagne bottle. 419 00:24:39,160 --> 00:24:43,080 You're kind of expressly forbidden from doing that by the sort of rules 420 00:24:43,080 --> 00:24:47,880 of looking after swords because swords are quite delicate creatures. 421 00:24:47,880 --> 00:24:50,880 These are swan feathers and they're... 422 00:24:50,880 --> 00:24:53,640 Actually, they're not just any old swan feathers, 423 00:24:53,640 --> 00:24:56,560 they're from a particular bit of the wing, 424 00:24:56,560 --> 00:24:58,840 so that they're balanced either side of the spine 425 00:24:58,840 --> 00:25:03,120 and then they're stitched together to make them drape like that. 426 00:25:03,120 --> 00:25:05,680 But actually, in the wind, as you'll probably see today, 427 00:25:05,680 --> 00:25:07,720 they sort of tend to take off a bit. 428 00:25:07,720 --> 00:25:09,600 So, pretty precarious! 429 00:25:14,040 --> 00:25:17,880 In the cathedral, officers representing the military personnel 430 00:25:17,880 --> 00:25:20,160 who are stationed out here - 431 00:25:20,160 --> 00:25:23,120 as well as veterans and members of the public - 432 00:25:23,120 --> 00:25:25,000 make up the congregation. 433 00:25:25,000 --> 00:25:26,480 Would you all please stand? 434 00:25:30,480 --> 00:25:33,280 Tomorrow morning in many places around the world, 435 00:25:33,280 --> 00:25:35,640 but especially in the UK, 436 00:25:35,640 --> 00:25:42,680 millions will pause at the 11th hour of the 11th day of this, 11th month 437 00:25:42,680 --> 00:25:46,880 to remember how, at that moment, 95 years ago, 438 00:25:46,880 --> 00:25:51,440 the guns of Europe fell silent. 439 00:25:51,440 --> 00:25:55,760 The welcome presence of esteemed veterans 440 00:25:55,760 --> 00:26:00,400 of the 1982 war for liberation fought around these islands 441 00:26:00,400 --> 00:26:03,960 and within sight and sound of this cathedral church... 442 00:26:05,720 --> 00:26:09,640 ..means that the military personnel and civilians, 443 00:26:09,640 --> 00:26:13,600 whose lives were tragically cut short 31 years ago, 444 00:26:13,600 --> 00:26:16,680 will again be remembered today. 445 00:26:17,920 --> 00:26:21,800 Yeah, it's always lovely to see the cathedral full and... 446 00:26:21,800 --> 00:26:24,480 you can't help noticing from the pulpit when you're preaching 447 00:26:24,480 --> 00:26:26,720 whether people are listening carefully 448 00:26:26,720 --> 00:26:29,680 and I was persuaded that they were listening today, which was nice! 449 00:26:29,680 --> 00:26:32,040 Slope arms! 450 00:26:34,560 --> 00:26:36,480 Right turn! 451 00:26:36,480 --> 00:26:40,120 A detachment of men and women from all three of the armed services 452 00:26:40,120 --> 00:26:43,720 lead the way to the war memorial on the coast 453 00:26:43,720 --> 00:26:45,360 for the placing of the wreath. 454 00:26:46,920 --> 00:26:52,640 They shall grow not old as we, that are left, grow old: 455 00:26:52,640 --> 00:26:57,920 Age shall not weary them, nor the years condemn. 456 00:26:57,920 --> 00:27:01,720 At the going down of the sun and in the morning, 457 00:27:01,720 --> 00:27:04,320 We will remember them. 458 00:27:04,320 --> 00:27:06,560 - ALL: - We will remember them. 459 00:27:07,520 --> 00:27:09,640 John Thomas Kendall. 460 00:27:09,640 --> 00:27:12,440 Donald Eric Turner... 461 00:27:15,120 --> 00:27:19,880 REVEREND HINES: This island community has lived with one sort of difficulty 462 00:27:19,880 --> 00:27:23,160 and pressure or another for a long time 463 00:27:23,160 --> 00:27:26,560 and even though the community, as a whole, has been through 464 00:27:26,560 --> 00:27:32,120 a great deal during the last 30 years and has changed a great deal... 465 00:27:33,280 --> 00:27:36,560 ..it's also in some ways a stronger community. 466 00:27:36,560 --> 00:27:43,080 The resourcefulness and the integrity of these island people, I think, 467 00:27:43,080 --> 00:27:45,440 is what's going to see them through 468 00:27:45,440 --> 00:27:48,400 any more change that is on the horizon. 469 00:27:54,000 --> 00:27:57,760 In the next programme, Christmas is coming... 470 00:27:57,760 --> 00:28:00,000 # Da da da da... # 471 00:28:00,000 --> 00:28:01,840 And in Christ Church Cathedral, 472 00:28:01,840 --> 00:28:05,640 preparations are underway for a very special occasion - 473 00:28:05,640 --> 00:28:09,360 a wedding - joining together two of the island's oldest families. 474 00:28:09,360 --> 00:28:12,280 You'll be a little bit nervous, I'll be nervous as well. 475 00:28:12,280 --> 00:28:15,000 It's a while since I conducted a wedding, so... 476 00:28:15,000 --> 00:28:16,920 "What do I do next?" You know? 477 00:28:18,320 --> 00:28:21,280 And the Army chaplain, Padre Al Nicoll, 478 00:28:21,280 --> 00:28:24,320 volunteers for some basic training. 479 00:28:24,320 --> 00:28:26,720 Police, halt, I will release my dog! 480 00:28:26,720 --> 00:28:29,480 PADRE NICOLL LAUGHS 481 00:28:29,480 --> 00:28:32,040 PADRE NICOLL GROANS 482 00:28:34,880 --> 00:28:36,760 I know which dog collar won!