{smcl} {hline} help for {cmd:marglmean}{right:(Roger Newson)} {hline} {title:Marginal log means from regression models} {p 8 21 2} {cmd:marglmean} {ifin} {weight} , [ {opt at:spec(atspec)} {opt subpop(subspec)} {opt pr:edict(pred_opt)} {opt vce(vcespec)} {opt df(#)} {cmdab::no}{opt e:sample} {cmd:force} {opt iter:ate(#)} {opt ef:orm} {opt l:evel(#)} {opt post} ] {pstd} where {it:atspec} is an at-specification recognized by the {cmd:at()} option of {helpb margins}, {it:subspec} is a subpopulation specification of the form recognized by the {cmd:subpop()} option of {helpb margins}, and {it:vcespec} is a variance-covariance specification of the form recognized by {helpb margins}, and must have one of the values {pstd} {cmd:delta} | {cmd:unconditional} {pstd} {cmd:fweight}s, {cmd:aweight}s, {cmd:iweight}s, {cmd:pweight}s are allowed; see {help weight}. {title:Description} {pstd} {cmd:marglmean} calculates symmetric confidence intervals for log marginal means (also known as log scenario means), and asymmetric confidence intervals for the marginal means themselves. {cmd:marglmean} can be used after an estimation command whose {help predict:predicted values} are interpreted as positive conditional arithmetic means of non-negative-valued outcome variables, such as {helpb logit}, {helpb logistic}, {helpb probit}, {helpb poisson}, or {helpb glm} with most non-Normal distributional families. It can estimate a marginal mean for a scenario ("Scenario 1"), in which one or more predictor variables may be assumed to be set to particular values, and any other predictor variables in the model are assumed to remain the same. {title:Options for {cmd:marglmean}} {phang} {opt atspec(atspec)} is an at-specification, allowed as a value of the {cmd:at()} option of {helpb margins}. This at-specification must specify a single scenario ("Scenario 1"), defined as a fantasy world in which a subset of the predictor variables in the model are set to specified values. {cmd:marglmean} uses the {helpb margins} command to estimate the marginal arithmetic mean under Scenario 1, and then uses {helpb nlcom} to estimate the log of this scenario mean, known as the marginal log mean. If {cmd:atspec()} is not specified, then its default value is {cmd:atspec((asobserved) _all)}, implying that Scenario 1 is the real-life baseline scenario, represented by the predictor values actually present. {phang} {opt subpop(subspec)}, {opt predict(pred_opt)} and {opt vce(vcespec)} have the same form and function as the options of the same names for {helpb margins}. They specify the subpopulation, the {help predict:predict option(s)}, and the variance-covariance matrix formula, respectively, used to estimate the log of the marginal mean. {phang} {opt df(#)} has the same function as the option of the same name for {helpb margins} and {helpb nlcom}. It specifies the degrees of freedom to be used in calculating confidence intervals. If absent, it is set to the default used by {helpb margins}, which may be missing, implying the use of the standard Normal distribution. {phang} {opt noesample} has the same function as the option of the same name for {helpb margins}. It specifies that computations will not be restricted to the estimation sample used by the previous estimation command. {phang} {opt force} has the same function as the option of the same name for {helpb margins}. {phang} {opt iterate(#)} has the same form and function as the option of the same name for {helpb nlcom}. It specifies the number of iterations used by {helpb nlcom} to find the optimal step size to calculate the numerical derivative of the log of the marginal mean, with respect to the original marginal mean calculated by {helpb margins}. {phang} {opt eform} specifies that {cmd:marglmean} will display an estimate, {it:P}-value and confidence limits for the marginal mean, instead of for the log marginal mean. If {cmd:eform} is not specified, then a confidence interval for the log marginal mean is displayed. Whether or not {cmd:eform} is specified, the saved results will contain an estimate vector and variance matrix for the log marginal mean. {phang} {opt level(#)} specifies the percentage confidence level to be used in calculating the confidence interval. If it is not specified, then it is taken from the current value of the {help creturn:c-class value} {cmd:c(level)}, which is usually 95. {phang} {opt post} specifies that {cmd:marglmean} will post in {cmd:e()} the {help estimates:estimation results} for estimating the log of the marginal mean. If {cmd:post} is not specified, then any existing estimation results are left in {cmd:e()}. Note that the estimation results posted are for the log of the marginal mean, and not for the marginal mean itself. This is done because the estimation results are intended to define a symmetric confidence interval for the log-transformed marginal mean, which can be back-transformed to define an asymmetric confidence interval for the untransformed marginal mean. {title:Remarks} {pstd} {cmd:marglmean} estimates the marginal mean, which is a scenario mean. The general principles behind scenario means for generalized linear models were introduced in {help marglmean##lane_1982:Lane and Nelder (1982)}. {pstd} {cmd:marglmean} starts by estimating the log of the scenario mean, using {helpb margins} and {helpb nlcom}. The results of this estimation are stored in {cmd:e()}, if the option {cmd:post} is specified. These estimation results may be saved in an output dataset (or resultsset) by the {helpb parmest} package, which can be downloaded from {help ssc:SSC}. {pstd} {cmd:marglmean} assumes that the most recent {help estimates:estimation command} estimates the parameters of a regression model, whose {help predict:fitted values} are conditional arithmetic means, which must be positive. It is the user's responsibility to ensure that this is the case. However, it will be true if the conditional proportions are defined using a {help glm:generalized linear model} with a binomial, negative binomial, Poisson, gamma or inverse Gaussian distributional family, and a link function with a positive domain, such as a power, the log, the logit, the probit, or the complementary log-log. {pstd} Note that {cmd:marglmean} estimates a single marginal mean, and does not compare 2 marginal means from the same estimation using differences or ratios. Users who need to estimate 2 marginal means and their difference should probably use {helpb scenttest}. Users who need to estimate ratios between scenario means (population unattributable fractions) should use either {helpb punaf} (for cohort or cross-sectional study data) or {helpb punafcc} (for case-control or survival study data). Users who need to estimate marginal prevalences or proportions (a special case of scenario means) should probably use {helpb margprev}. Users who need to estimate differences between scenario proportions (population attributable risks) should use {helpb regpar}. The packages {helpb scenttest}, {helpb punaf}, {helpb punafcc}, {helpb margprev} and {helpb regpar} are downloadable from {help ssc:SSC}. More about the programs {helpb punaf}, {helpb punafcc}, {helpb regpar}, {cmd:marglmean} and {helpb margprev} can be found in {help marglmean##newson_2012:Newson (2012)} and in {help marglmean##newson_2013:Newson (2013)}. {title:Examples} {pstd} The following examples use the {helpb dta_examples:auto} dataset, distributed with Stata. {pstd} Setup {phang2}{cmd:. sysuse auto, clear}{p_end} {phang2}{cmd:. describe}{p_end} {pstd} The following examples estimate marginal means of mileage, or their logs, either in the real world or in a fantasy scenario, where all car models are US-made but have the same weight as in the real world. {phang2}{cmd:. glm mpg weight foreign, fam(gamma) link(log) robust eform}{p_end} {phang2}{cmd:. marglmean, eform}{p_end} {phang2}{cmd:. marglmean, at(foreign=0) eform}{p_end} {phang2}{cmd:. marglmean}{p_end} {phang2}{cmd:. marglmean, at(foreign=0)}{p_end} {pstd} The following example demonstrates the use of {cmd:marglmean} with the {helpb parmest} package, downloadable from {help ssc:SSC}. The marginal mean of mileage is estimated using {cmd:marglmean} (with the {cmd:post} option), and saved, using {helpb parmest}, in a dataset in memory, overwriting the original dataset, with 1 observation for the untransformed parameter, named {cmd:"Scenario_1"}, and data on the estimate, confidence limits, {it:P}-value, and other parameter attributes. We then {helpb describe} and {helpb list} the new dataset. {phang2}{cmd:. glm mpg weight foreign, fam(gamma) link(log) robust eform}{p_end} {phang2}{cmd:. marglmean, eform post}{p_end} {phang2}{cmd:. parmest, eform norestore}{p_end} {phang2}{cmd:. describe}{p_end} {phang2}{cmd:. list}{p_end} {title:Saved results} {pstd} {cmd:marglmean} saves the following in {cmd:r()}: {synoptset 20 tabbed}{...} {p2col 5 20 24 2: Scalars}{p_end} {synopt:{cmd:r(rank)}}rank of {cmd:r(V)}{p_end} {synopt:{cmd:r(N)}}number of observations{p_end} {synopt:{cmd:r(N_sub)}}subpopulation observations{p_end} {synopt:{cmd:r(N_clust)}}number of clusters{p_end} {synopt:{cmd:r(N_psu)}}number of samples PSUs, survey data only{p_end} {synopt:{cmd:r(N_strata)}}number of strata, survey data only{p_end} {synopt:{cmd:r(df_r)}}variance degrees of freedom{p_end} {synopt:{cmd:r(N_poststrata)}}number of post strata, survey data only{p_end} {synopt:{cmd:r(k_margins)}}number of terms in {it:marginlist}{p_end} {synopt:{cmd:r(k_by)}}number of subpopulations{p_end} {synopt:{cmd:r(k_at)}}number of {cmd:at()} options (always 1){p_end} {synopt:{cmd:r(level)}}confidence level of confidence intervals{p_end} {synoptset 20 tabbed}{...} {p2col 5 20 24 2: Macros}{p_end} {synopt:{cmd:r(atspec)}}{cmd:atspec()} option{p_end} {synoptset 20 tabbed}{...} {p2col 5 20 24 2: Matrices}{p_end} {synopt:{cmd:r(b)}}vector of the log of the marginal mean{p_end} {synopt:{cmd:r(V)}}estimated variance-covariance matrix of the log of the marginal mean{p_end} {pstd} If {cmd:post} is specified, {cmd:marglmean} also saves the following in {cmd:e()}: {synoptset 20 tabbed}{...} {p2col 5 20 24 2: Scalars}{p_end} {synopt:{cmd:e(rank)}}rank of {cmd:e(V)}{p_end} {synopt:{cmd:e(N)}}number of observations{p_end} {synopt:{cmd:e(N_sub)}}subpopulation observations{p_end} {synopt:{cmd:e(N_clust)}}number of clusters{p_end} {synopt:{cmd:e(N_psu)}}number of samples PSUs, survey data only{p_end} {synopt:{cmd:e(N_strata)}}number of strata, survey data only{p_end} {synopt:{cmd:e(df_r)}}variance degrees of freedom{p_end} {synopt:{cmd:e(N_poststrata)}}number of post strata, survey data only{p_end} {synopt:{cmd:e(k_margins)}}number of terms in {it:marginlist}{p_end} {synopt:{cmd:e(k_by)}}number of subpopulations{p_end} {synopt:{cmd:e(k_at)}}number of {cmd:at()} options (always 1){p_end} {synoptset 20 tabbed}{...} {p2col 5 20 24 2: Macros}{p_end} {synopt:{cmd:e(cmd)}}{cmd:marglmean}{p_end} {synopt:{cmd:e(predict)}}program used to implement {cmd:predict}{p_end} {synopt:{cmd:e(atspec)}}{cmd:atspec()} option{p_end} {synopt:{cmd:e(properties)}}{cmd:b V}{p_end} {synoptset 20 tabbed}{...} {p2col 5 20 24 2: Matrices}{p_end} {synopt:{cmd:e(b)}}vector of the log of the marginal mean{p_end} {synopt:{cmd:e(V)}}estimated variance-covariance matrix of the log of the marginal mean{p_end} {synopt:{cmd:e(V_srs)}}simple-random-sampling-without-replacement (co)variance hat V_srswor, if {cmd:svy}{p_end} {synopt:{cmd:e(V_srswr)}}simple-random-sampling-with-replacement (co)variance hat V_srswr, if {cmd:svy} and {cmd:fpc()}{p_end} {synopt:{cmd:e(V_msp)}}misspecification (co)variance hat V_msp, if {cmd:svy} and available{p_end} {synoptset 20 tabbed}{...} {p2col 5 20 24 2: Functions}{p_end} {synopt:{cmd:e(sample)}}marks estimation sample{p_end} {p2colreset}{...} {title:Author} {pstd} Roger Newson, Imperial College London, UK.{break} Email: {browse "mailto:r.newson@imperial.ac.uk":r.newson@imperial.ac.uk} {title:References} {marker lane_1982}{...} {phang} Lane, P. W., and J. A. Nelder. 1982. Analysis of covariance and standardization as instances of prediction. {it: Biometrics} {bf:38}: 613-621. {marker newson_2012}{...} {phang} Newson, R. B. 2012. Scenario comparisons: How much good can we do? Presented at {browse "http://ideas.repec.org/p/boc/usug12/01.html":the 18th United Kingdom Stata Users' Group Meeting, 13-14 September, 2012}. {marker newson_2013}{...} {phang} Newson, R. B. 2013. Attributable and unattributable risks and fractions and other scenario comparisons. {it: The Stata Journal} {bf:13(4)}: 672-698. Download from {browse "http://www.stata-journal.com/article.html?article=st0314":the {it:Stata Journal} website}. {title:Also see} {psee} Manual: {manlink R margins}, {manlink R nlcom}, {manlink R logistic}, {manlink R logit}, {manlink R probit}, {manlink R glm} {p_end} {psee} {space 2}Help: {manhelp margins R}, {manhelp nlcom R}, {manhelp logistic R}, {manhelp logit R}, {manhelp probit R}, {manhelp glm R}{break} {helpb scenttest}, {helpb margprev}, {helpb regpar}, {helpb punaf}, {helpb punafcc}, {helpb parmest} if installed {p_end}