*! version 0.1.4 8 Nov 2022

mpitb est -- estimates indices and subindices of multidimensional poverty

Syntax

mpitb est [if] [in] [, options]

options

Measures and parameters
* name(mpiname) name of the MPI to be estimated

† klist(numlist) specifies the poverty cutoffs

† weights(wgts [sopts]) specifies the weighting scheme

measures(mlist) (aggregate) measures of the AF framework to estimate

indmeasures(imlist) indicator-specific measures of the AF framework to estimate

indklist(numlist) poverty cutoffs for indicator-specific measures

aux(auxlist) auxiliary measures to be estimated

Changes over time
‡ cotmeasures(mlist) measure list for COT estimation

cotoptions(olist) option list for COT estimation

cotk(numlist) poverty cutoffs for COT estimation

‡ cotyear(varname) year variable for COT calculations

Results
dtasave(filename [,sopts]) save micro data sets

lframe(name [,sopts]) frame name to store (level) estimates

lsave(filename [,sopts]) filename to save (level) estimates

cotframe(name [,sopts]) frame name of to store COT estimates

cotsave(filename [,sopts]) filename to save COT estimates into

Other
over(varlist [,sopts]) variables for disaggregation

‡ tvar(varname) integer time variable (indicating survey rounds)

svy treat data as complex survey data

addmeta(metalist) meta data to be added to each estimate

skipgen skips the step of generating variables

gen keeps the variables generated

replace replaces potentially existing variables

double generate non-byte variables as double; default is float

noestimate skip estimation

* required options; † required for all aggregate and dimensional measures; ‡ required option for estimation of changes over time (COT).

Description

mpitb est estimates indices and subindices of multidimensional poverty
for one or more parametrizations. Deprivation indicators have to be declared by mpitb set
beforehand.

mpitb est estimates levels, levels over time, and changes over time at the
aggregate level and for subgroups. mpitb est provides standard errors and
confidence intervals for most quantities and may take complex survey design into
account.

Results may be coherently saved to disk or collected in frames (see frames).

mpitb est may create key variables for the Alkire-Foster (AF) framework and a
variable identifying the underlying sample (which takes, e.g., item non-responses into account).

Options

Measures and Parameters

name(name) name of the MPI to be estimated (which also serves as ID)

klist(numlist) specifies the (cross-dimensional) poverty cutoff(s) in percentage points.
Valid values are integers between 1 and 100. One or more values may be specified.

measures(mlist) the list of permitted measures may include M0, H,
A, or all.

weights(wgts [, sopts]) specifies the weighting scheme(s), where wgts may be one of

equal this option applies a equal-nested weighting scheme, which assigns equal
weights to all dimensions and within dimensions equal weights to all indicators.

dimw(numlist) allows to set arbitrary weighting schemes for dimensions.
Weighting schemes can be set using decimal numbers from 0-1. Naturally, the number
of weights has to match the number of dimensions and weights must sum up to one.
The order of dimension corresponds to the order used in mpitb set.
Indicator weight within dimensions receive equal weights.

indw(numlist) allows to set arbitrary weighting schemes for indicators.
Weighting schemes can be set using decimal numbers from 0-1. Naturally, the number
of weights has to match the number of indicator and weights must sum up to one.
The order of indicators corresponds to the order used in mpitb set.

Moreover, sopts may be name(wgtsname). This option allows to assign
names to particular weighting schemes and is required for use with ind(numlist)
while being optional for the others.

indmeasures(imlist) the list of indicator-specific measures may include
hdk (censored headcount ratios), actb (absolute contributions), pctb
(percentage contribution), or all.

indklist(numlist) allows to choose a different set of poverty cutoffs for
indicator-specific measures to avoid unnecessarily long estimations for numbers of lower
priority. Unless explicitly set, indklist equals klist.

aux(auxlist) the list of auxiliary measures may include hd, the uncensored
deprivation headcount ratios, mv, N or all. mv includes the share of
missing values on the indicator level and the retained sample at the aggregate level.
The retained sample will be reported with and without sampling weights (if svy is set).
N is the effective sample size, i.e. the number of observations with non-missing
information on all indicators.

Changes over time

cotmeasures(mlist) the changes over time (COT) measure list may include M0 (the adjusted
headcount ratio), H (the headcount ratio), A (the intensity), hd
(uncensored headcount ratios), hdk (censored headcount ratios), or all.

cotoptions(olist) where olist, the option list for COT, may include

total estimates change over total period of observation, i.e. from the first
year of observation to the last year of observation.

insequence estimates all consecutive (i.e. year-to-year) changes.

ann produces annualized changes over time. This option is activated by default.
Specify noann to skip the estimation of annualized changes.

raw produces the raw, i.e. non-annualized changes over time. This option is activated
by default. Specify noraw to skip the estimation of raw changes.

cotk(numlist) specifies the poverty cutoffs for the COT estimation

cotyear(varname) specifies the variable which is used for the annualization,
which is usually a year variable, where decimal digits are permitted.

Results

dtasave(filename [, sopts]) saves the micro data after creating the variables of
the AF-framework. This can be particularly useful when mpitb est is run within
a loop over countries. Available suboptions sopts are

replace which replaces any potentially existing dataset.

lframe(name [, sopts]) stores the level estimates into a result frame under the specified
name. This option can be useful for adding further custom estimates before saving
all results to disk. See mpitb stores for adding estimates of custom quantities
to the result frame. Available suboptions sopts are

replace which replaces any potentially existing frame

lsave(filename [, sopts]) saves the levels estimates into the specified dta file.
Available suboptions sopts are

replace which replaces any potentially existing dataset

cotframe(name [, sopts]) saves the change estimates into a result frame under the specified
name. Note that a potentially existing frame will be replaced. This option can be
useful for adding further custom estimates before saving all results to disk. See
mpitb stores for adding estimates of custom quantities to the result frame.
Available suboptions sopts are

replace which replaces any potentially existing dataset

cotsave(filename[, sopts]) saves the change estimates into the specified dta file.
Available suboptions sopts are

replace which replaces any potentially existing dataset

Other

over(varlist [, sopts]) allows to disaggregate by several variables. By default
quantities for the subgroups are estimated for the same measure and parameters as the
aggregate quantities. Suboptions allow to avoid unnecessarily long estimations for
numbers of lower priority. Available suboptions sopts are

klist(numlist) allows to choose a different set of poverty cutoffs for disaggregations.

indklist(numlist) allows to choose a different set of poverty cutoffs for
disaggregations of indicator-specific measures.

nooverall if this option is set aggregate (or national-level) estimates will not be
produced. This option may be useful for organizing results across different files.

svy estimation accounts for complex survey design of micro data as specified
by svyset. If svy is not set, the data is assumed to be obtained through
simple random sampling, which is rarely used in practice.

addmeta(metalist) allows to add meta data to every estimate produced. A common
application would be to add the ISO country code. metalist is used as follows

macname=content [macname2=content2 ...]

skipgen this option allows to skip the step of generating all variables of
the AF-framework. This can save runtime if variables have already been created by
a mpitb est run previously. A common application is to save different results
into a single file. However, it is up to the user to ensure that all needed
variables do exist and that the results files are coherently augmented.

gen The default behavior of mpitb est is to remove all variables
(e.g., deprivation scores or poverty status) generated upon completion of the estimations.
Option gen allows to keep all variables for cross-checks or additional calculations.

replace will replace potentially existing variables.

double generates non-byte variables as double, which improves the
precision with which, e.g., the deprivation score is stored as variable. The default
is float; see data types for more details.

noestimate allows to skip the entire estimation process. This allows to
save time if only the generated variables are of interest.

Remarks

(1) mpitb est is a high-level command and invokes several of the other
rather low-level tools of mpitb, including mpitb setwgts, gafvars,
rframe, estcot, mpitb stores. Therefore, working only with
mpitb set and mpitb est may suffice in many instances.

(2) For further detail on the variables generated by the gen option, see
mpitb gafvars.

(3) The default confidence level for confidence intervals is 95% and may be changed
using set level.

Examples

Setup

use ...

svyset ...

mpitb set , name(mympi) ...

The following commands estimates all measures, i.e. H, M0, and A for the aggregate
(i.e. national) level for k=33 and an equal-nested weighting scheme. Estimates are
not automatically stored, but left behind in Stata's memory.

mpitb est , name(mympi) k(33) weights(equal) measures(all) ...

Alternative weighting schemes can be obtained along the following lines. Note that
seven decimal digits are required in this case, since the check for the weights
summing up to 1 applies float precision.

mpitb est , name(mympi) k(33) weights(dim(.3333333 .3333333 .3333333)) measures(all) ...

Indicator weights can be specified in a similar fashion:

mpitb est , name(mympi) k(33) weights(ind(.1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1)) measures(all) ...