Marginal standardization of two-way tables (matrix version) -----------------------------------------------------------
^mstdizem^ matrix_input row_total_vector column_total_vector matrix_output [ ^, tol^erance^(^#^) f^ormat^(^%fmt^)^ ]
Description -----------
^mstdizem^ takes matrix_input and produces matrix_output, which is matrix_input scaled such that the row totals are given by row_total_vector and the column totals given by column_total_vector.
Remarks -------
The algorithm is
0. Initialise guess = matrix_input
1. Loop until max (| guess - previous guess |) <= tolerance previous guess = guess guess = diag(target row total / guess row total) * guess guess = guess * diag(target col total / guess col total) where * is matrix multiplication.
The total over rows of the column totals should equal the total over columns of the row totals. That is, the two should lead to the same grand total.
This procedure is known by many different names in several different disciplines, including statistics, economics and engineering. Some are
biproportional matrices iterative proportional fitting raking RAS technique
The data matrix may be entered directly into Stata or it may be produced by a previous command, such as ^tabulate^.
Options -------
^tolerance(^#^)^ is a technical option indicating the criterion for convergence. This is the largest acceptable absolute difference between each guess and the previous guess (and also between the two totals of totals). Default 0.001.
^format(^%fmt^)^ controls the format with which matrix_output is printed. Default format ^%9.2f^.
Examples --------
Data used by Smith (1976), quoted by Agresti (1990, p.197): . ^mat freq = (209,101,237\151,126,426\16,21,138)^ . ^mat r = (100\100\100)^ . ^mat c = (100,100,100)^ . ^mstdizem freq r c Freq^
Data used by Friedlander (1961), quoted by Bishop et al. (1975, p.98): . ^mat freq = (1306,83,0\619,765,3\263,1194,9\173,1372,28\^ ^171,1393,51\159,1372,81\208,1350,108\1116,4100,2329)^ . ^mat rt = (1412\1402\1450\1541\1681\1532\1662\7644)^ . ^mat ct = (3988,11702,2634)^ . ^mstdize freq rt ct Freq^
References ----------
Agresti, A. 1990. Categorical data analysis. New York: John Wiley.
Bishop, Y.M.M., Fienberg, S.E. and Holland, P.W. 1975. Discrete multivariate analysis. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Friedlander, D. 1961. A technique for estimating a contingency table given the marginal totals and some supplementary data. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A 124: 412-420.
Smith, K.W. 1976. Table standardization and table shrinking: aids in the traditional analysis of contingency tables. Social Forces 54, 669-693.
Author ------
Nicholas J. Cox, University of Durham, U.K. n.j.cox@@durham.ac.uk
Also see --------
On-line: help for @mstdize@ (if installed)