{smcl} {* Sept2012/} {cmd:help reweight }{right:} {hline} {title:Title} {p2colset 5 17 19 2}{...} {p2col :{hi:reweight} {hline 2}}Reweights survey variables using external aggregate totals{p_end} {p2colreset}{...} {title:Syntax} {p 8 15 2} {cmd:reweight} {varlist} {ifin} {cmd:,} {cmdab:sw:eight(}{varname}{cmd:)} {cmdab:nw:eight}({newvar}) {cmdab:tot:al}({it:matrix}) {cmdab:df:unction}({it:name}) [{cmdab:sv:alues}({it:matrix}) {cmdab:tol:erance(}#{cmd:)} {cmdab:niter(}#{cmd:)} {cmdab:nt:ries(}#{cmd:)} {cmdab:upb:ound(}#{cmd:)} {cmdab:lowb:ound(}#{cmd:)} {cmdab:mlowb:ounds(}#{cmd:)} {cmdab:mupb:ounds(}#{cmd:)}] {title:Description} {pstd} {cmd:reweight} calibrates survey data to external aggregate totals. The methodology closely follows Deville and Deville and Sarndal (1992) and the recursive algorithm that implements the calibration is from Creedy (2003). {title:Options for reweight} {phang} {opth sweight(varname)} is required and specifies a numeric variable for the original survey weights. {phang} {opth nweight(name)} is required and defines the name of the new variable containing the calibrated weights. {phang} {opth total(matrix)} is required and contains a Stata 1xK matrix with the user-provided totals, with arguments to be inserted in the same order as the K calibrating variables in {varlist}. {phang} {opth dfunction(name)} specifies the distance function to be used when computing the new weights. The allowed distance functions are the chi-squared (type "{opt chi2}"), the Deville and Sarndal's (type "{opt ds}") and three more, which we define as type-A (type "{opt a}"), type-B (type "{opt b}") and type-C (type "{opt c}") distant functions. See Pacifico (2010) for details. {phang} {opth svalues(matrix)} specifies user-provided starting values. Starting values must be put in a Stata 1xK matrix following the same order as the variables in {varlist}. The default is a vector with the Lagrange multipliers obtained from the chi-squared distance function. {phang} {opth tolerance(#)} specifies the tolerance level to asses convergence. The default is {opt tolerance(0.000001)}. {opt reweight} employs a double criterion to asses convergence. The first is that the difference between the estimated and the external totals must be lower than the tolerance level. The second criterion is that - from one iteration to the other - the percentage variations of the estimated distance between the new and the original weights must be lower than the tolerance level for each observation in the sample. {phang} {opth ntier(#)} specifies the number of maximum iterations. The default is {opt niter(50)}. {phang} {opth ntries(#)} specifies the maximum number of “tries” when the algorithm doeas not achieve convergence within the maximum number of iterations. This option can be useful when the external totals are significantly different from the survey totals. In such situations the algorithm automatically restarts with new random starting values up to {opt #} times. The default is {opt ntries(0)}. {phang} {opth upbound(#)} specifies the upper-bound of the ratio between the new and the original weight when using the Deville and Sarndal's distance function. The default is {cmd:upbound(3)}. Note that this value must be bigger than 1. {phang} {opth lowbound(#)} specifies the lower-bound of the ratio between the new and the original weightwhen using the Deville and Sarndal's distance function. The default is {cmd:lowbound(0.2)}. Note that this value must be between 0 and 1. {phang} {opth mlowbound(#)} and {opth mupbound(#)} are relevant options only for the DS distant function when the option {opt ntries(#)} is effective. In this case, if the recursion does not achieve convergence the routine starts again with a new set of starting values and of new random bounds. {opth mlowbound(#)} specifies the maximum deviation from the highest value of the lower bound and {opt mupbound(#)} specifies the maximum deviation from the lowest value of the upper bound. As an example, if {opth mlowbound(#)} is set to 0.5 than the new random value for the lower bound will be drawn from a uniform distribution in the range 0.5-1 and if {opt mupbound(#)} is set to 5 than the new random value for the upper bound will be drawn from a uniform distribution in the range 1-5. The default is 0.1 and 6 respectively. {title:Example} {pstd} Consider the following example from Creedy(2003). {cmd:id} is the identification number of each unit included in the survey, {cmd:x1}, {cmd:x2}, {cmd:x3} and {cmd:x4} are variables included in the survey, {cmd:weight} is the vector of original survey weights: {cmd} . use http://fmwww.bc.edu/RePEc/bocode/r/reweight, clear . list id x1 x2 x3 x4 weight 1 1 1 0 0 3 2 0 1 0 0 3 3 1 0 2 0 5 4 0 0 6 1 4 5 1 0 4 1 2 6 1 1 0 0 5 7 1 0 5 0 5 8 0 0 6 1 4 9 0 1 0 0 3 10 0 0 3 1 3 11 1 0 2 0 5 12 1 1 0 1 4 13 1 0 3 1 4 14 1 0 4 0 3 15 0 0 5 0 5 16 0 1 0 1 3 17 1 0 2 1 4 18 0 0 6 0 5 19 1 0 4 1 4 20 0 1 0 0 3 {txt} The survey weights produce the following aggregate totals: {cmd} 1. tabstat x1 x2 x3 x4 [w=weight], s(su) 2. stats x1 x2 x3 x4 3. sum 44 24 213 32 {txt} Now, let us assume that external information on these variables are available, and that the real population totals are: {cmd} stats x1 x2 x3 x4 50 20 230 35 {txt} In this case, {cmd:reweight} can be used to calibrate the original survey weights so that the new estimated totals will be equal to the population totals: {cmd} matrix t=(50 \ 20 \ 230 \ 35) reweight x1 x2 x3 x4, sw(weight) nw(wchi2) tot(t) df(chi2) reweight x1 x2 x3 x4, sw(weight) nw(wa) tot(t) df(a) reweight x1 x2 x3 x4, sw(weight) nw(wb) tot(t) df(b) reweight x1 x2 x3 x4, sw(weight) nw(wc) tot(t) df(c) reweight x1 x2 x3 x4, sw(weight) nw(wds) tot(t) df(ds) list w* weight wchi2 wa wb wc wds 3 2.753 2.674 2.654 2.697 2.706 3 2.109 2.228 2.260 2.193 2.178 5 5.945 5.998 6.012 5.982 5.976 4 4.005 3.944 3.926 3.963 3.974 2 2.484 2.514 2.521 2.505 2.501 5 4.589 4.456 4.423 4.495 4.510 5 5.752 5.729 5.717 5.739 5.747 4 4.005 3.944 3.926 3.963 3.974 3 2.109 2.228 2.260 2.193 2.178 3 3.120 3.086 3.074 3.098 3.106 5 5.945 5.998 6.012 5.982 5.976 4 3.985 3.814 3.762 3.870 3.897 4 5.019 5.108 5.136 5.080 5.065 3 3.490 3.490 3.487 3.491 3.494 5 4.678 4.665 4.666 4.667 4.665 3 2.345 2.370 2.380 2.360 2.355 4 5.070 5.191 5.232 5.150 5.128 5 4.614 4.603 4.604 4.603 4.600 4 4.967 5.028 5.043 5.010 5.001 3 2.109 2.228 2.260 2.193 2.178{txt} Which gives the same values as in Creedy (2003). {title:Reference} {phang} Creedy, J., 2003. {it: Survey Reweighting for Tax Microsimulation Modelling}, Treasury Working Paper Series 03/17, New Zealand Treasury. {phang} Deville, J.C. and Sarndal, C.E., 1992. {it: Calibration estimators in survey sampling}, Journal of the American Statistical Association 87 (418) 376-382, American Statistical Association. {phang} Pacifico 2010. {it: reweight: A Stata module to reweight survey data to external totals}, CAPPaper N.79. {title:Author} {phang}This command was written by Daniele Pacifico (daniele.pacifico@tesoro), Italian Department of the Treasury. Comments and suggestions are welcome. {p_end} {title:Also see} {psee} Manual: {bf:[R] reweight} {psee} Online: {manhelp reweight R}{p_end}