{smcl}
{* 6sep2005}{...}
{hline}
help for {hi:todate}
{hline}

{title:Generate Stata date variables from run-together date variables}

{p 8 17 2} 
{cmd:todate}
{it:varlist}
[{cmd:if} {it:exp}]
[{cmd:in} {it:range}]
{cmd:,}
{cmdab:g:enerate(}{it:newvarlist}{cmd:)} 
{cmdab:p:attern(}{it:patternspec}{cmd:)} 
[{cmdab:f:ormat(}{it:format}{cmd:)}
{cmdab:c:end(}{it:year}{cmd:)}] 


{title:Description} 

{p 4 4 2} 
{cmd:todate} takes run-together date variables consisting of integers or
integer characters and generates the corresponding Stata date variables.
Depending on input, the resulting variables will have units that are the
numbers of days, weeks, months, quarters or half-years since the beginning of
1960. 


{title:Remarks}

{p 4 4 2} 
As explained in [U] 24.2.2.2, Stata's {cmd:date()} function cannot convert 
run-together date variables which consist of integers or integer characters
and represent some permutation of years, months and days, with values such as 
{cmd:19520121} or {cmd:520121} or {cmd:"19520121"}, to Stata date variables. However, it 
is possible to use other numeric or string functions to extract year, month 
and day and then to compute the dates.

{p 4 4 2} 
A similar problem and a similar solution arise with run-together dates 
representing years and one of half-years, quarters, months or weeks. 

{p 4 4 2} 
{cmd:todate} offers an alternative. It can handle one or more numeric 
and/or string variables with run-together dates which are integers or 
integer characters, hereafter both referred to as digits.


{title:Options} 

{p 4 8 2}
{cmd:generate(}{cmd:)} specifies a list of new variable names to hold the 
Stata date variables. There must be as many new names as there are 
existing run-together date variables. This is a required option. 

{p 4 8 2} 
{cmd:pattern(}{cmd:)} specifies the pattern for interpreting digits
in the dates. 

{p 8 8 2}
{cmd:y} indicates {cmd:y}ear.{break}
{cmd:h} indicates {cmd:h}alf-year.{break}
{cmd:q} indicates {cmd:q}uarter.{break}
{cmd:m} indicates {cmd:m}onth.{break}
{cmd:w} indicates {cmd:w}eek.{break}
{cmd:d} indicates {cmd:d}ay.

{p 8 8 2} 
The patterns supported are of types {cmd:mdy}, {cmd:yh}, {cmd:yq}, {cmd:ym} and
{cmd:yw}.  For example, type {cmd:mdy} consists of some permutation of
{cmd:m}s, {cmd:d}s and {cmd:y}s. In general, all {cmd:y}s, ... , all {cmd:d}s
should be contiguous.
    
{p 8 8 2}    
Thus {cmd:p(yyyymmdd)} indicates that {cmd:19520121} is to be interpreted
as 1952 January 21. Dates like {cmd:3281952} and {cmd:12251999} for March
28 1952 and December 25 1999, in which the first digit for shorter dates is
not specified, but could be {cmd:0}, should be specified as {cmd:p(mmddyyyy)}.
    
{p 8 8 2} 
{cmd:todate} cannot handle input variables whose maximum length does not
match the length of pattern specified, nor input variables whose non-
missing values vary in length by more than 1 digit. Such variables are
skipped. 
    
{p 8 8 2}This is a required option. 

{p 4 8 2} 
{cmd:cend(}{cmd:)} specifies the end of the century (any period of 100
years) to which years belong. With {cmd:cend(2000)} year digits of {cmd:52} and
{cmd:99} will be interpreted as {cmd:1952} and {cmd:1999}. With
{cmd:cend(2060)} they will be interpreted as {cmd:2052} and {cmd:1999}.
{cmd:cend()} is ignored if 4 digit years are given.  

{p 4 8 2} 
{cmd:format(}{cmd:)} specifies a format to be attached to each new variable, 
usually but not necessarily a date format. See help on 
{help dfmt:date formats} or {help tfmt:time-series formats}. 
By default the formats will be {cmd:%d}, {cmd:%tw}, {cmd:%tm}, {cmd:%tq} or 
{cmd:%th} as appropriate. 


{title:Examples} 

{p 4 8 2}{cmd:. todate d1 d2 d3, gen(ndate1-ndate3) p(yyyymmdd) f(%dd_m_cy)}{p_end}
{p 4 8 2}{cmd:. todate d1 d2 d3, gen(ndate1-ndate3) p(mmddyy) c(2000) f(%dd_m_cy)}{p_end}
{p 4 8 2}{cmd:. todate d1 d2 d3, gen(ndate1-ndate3) p(yyyyq) f(%tq_q_cy)}


{title:Author}

{p 4 4 2}Nicholas J. Cox, Durham University, U.K.{break}
         n.j.cox@durham.ac.uk


{title:Acknowledgments}

{p 4 4 2}
Kit Baum, Roger Harbord, David Kantor and Gary Longton made very helpful
comments.


{title:Also see}

{p 4 13 2}On-line:  help for {help datefcn}, {help ywfcns}, {help dfmt}, {help tfmt}{p_end}
{p 4 13 2}Manual: {hi:[U] 27 Commands for dealing with dates}{p_end}
{p 4 13 2}FAQ:
{browse "http://www.stata.com/support/faqs/data/dateseq.html":http://www.stata.com/support/faqs/data/dateseq.html}