{smcl}
{* 2004-05-07}{...}
{hline}
help for {hi:vanelteren}{right:Version 1.0 2004-05-09}
{hline}

{title:van Elteren's test (generalized Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney ranksum test)}

{p 8 17 2}
{cmd:vanelteren}
[{it:depvar}]
[{cmd:if} {it:exp}]
[{cmd:in} {it:exp}]
[{cmd:,}
    {cmd:by(}{it:groupvar}{cmd:)}
    {cmdab:st:rata:(}{it:varname}{cmd:)}
]


{p 4 4 2}
{cmd:by} {it:...}{cmd::} may be used with {cmd:vanelteren}; see help {help by}.



{title:Description}

{p 4 4 2}
{cmd:vanelteren} performs van Elteren's generalization of the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney
ranksum test, a modification that allows stratification or blocking on a variable.
It can be thought of as a nonparametric analogue of a randomized-blocks
analysis of variance (ANOVA), that is, with a treatment factor (which may
only have two levels) and a blocking or stratification variable that accounts
for some heterogeneity in response.  {it:depvar} must be at least ordinal, 
and {it:groupvar} must be numeric.  The stratification (blocking) variable
may be either string or numeric.  {cmd:vanelteren} calls {cmd:ranksum} for the 
within-stratum Wilcoxon statistics and weights them before combining them in an 
overall asymptotic test statistic.


{title:Options}

{p 4 8 2}
{cmd:by(}{it:groupvar}{cmd:)} is not optional.  It specifies the name of 
the grouping variable.  This {cmd:by()} is separate from the {cmd:by} {it:...}{cmd::} 
prefix and may be combined with the prefix.

{p 4 8 2}
{cmdab:st:rata:(}{it:varname}{cmd:)} is likewise not optional.  It specifies
the name of the stratification or blocking variable, which may be an independent unit, 
for example, a subject ID analogous to that specified by {cmd:i(}{it:varname}{cmd:)} 
in {cmd:xtreg}.



{title:Remarks}

{p 4 4 2}
For more information on van Elteren's test, see E. L. Lehmann 
(and H. J. M. D'Abrera), {it:Nonparametrics. Statistical Methods Based on Ranks} 
(San Francisco:  Holden-Day, 1975), pp. 132-141.  This cites the 
original{char -}{char -}P. H. van Elteren,  On the combination of independent two-sample 
tests of Wilcoxon. {it:Bulletin of the International Statistical Institute} {bf:37}:351-61, 1960.


{title:Examples}

{p 4 8 2}{cmd:. vanelteren response, by(treatment) strata(clinic)}

{p 4 8 2}{cmd:. vanelteren likertscore, by(intervention) st(packsaday)}


{title:Author}

{p 4 4 2}
J. Coveney  E-mail {browse "mailto:jcoveney@bigplanet.com":jcoveney@bigplanet.com}
if you observe any problems.


{title:Also see}

{p 4 13 2}
Manual:  {hi:[R] signrank}

{p 4 13 2}
Online:  help for {help signrank}