(as of 04jan2026)

(Go up to Sections Menu)

Topics

(Go up to Topics)

Topics Code

01 Agriculture and Rural Development

02 Aid Effectiveness

03 Economy and Growth

04 Education

05 Energy and Mining

06 Environment

07 Financial Sector

08 Health

09 Infrastructure

10 Social Protection and Labor

11 Poverty

12 Private Sector

13 Public Sector

14 Science and Technology

15 Social Development

16 Urban Development

17 Gender

18 Millenium development goals

19 Climate Change

20 External Debt

21 Trade

topicID

(Go up to Topics or TOC)

07 Financial Sector

BM.KLT.DINV.CD.WD - Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Foreign direct investment refers to direct investment equity flows in an economy. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, and other capital. Direct investment is a category of cross-border investment associated with a reside

Source Organization Balance of Payments database, International Monetary Fund (IMF), note: International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments database, supplemented by data from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and official national sources.;

BM.KLT.DINV.WD.GD.ZS - Foreign direct investment, net outflows (% of GDP)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Foreign direct investment refers to direct investment equity flows in an economy. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, and other capital. Direct investment is a category of cross-border investment associated with a reside

Source Organization Balance of Payments database, International Monetary Fund (IMF), note: International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments database, supplemented by data from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and official national sources.;

BM.TRF.PWKR.CD.DT - Personal remittances, paid (current US$)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Personal remittances comprise personal transfers and compensation of employees. Personal transfers consist of all current transfers in cash or in kind made or received by resident households to or from nonresident households. Personal transfer

Source Organization IMF balance of payments data, International Monetary Fund (IMF);

BN.KLT.DINV.CD - Foreign direct investment, net (BoP, current US$)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Foreign direct investment is a category of cross-border investment associated with a resident in one economy having control or a significant degree of influence on the management of an enterprise that is resident in another economy. Ownership

Source Organization Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

BN.KLT.PTXL.CD - Portfolio Investment, net (BoP, current US$)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Portfolio investment includes cross-border flows and positions involving debt or equity securities, other than those included in direct investment or reserve assets. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been

Source Organization Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

BX.KLT.DINV.CD.WD - Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Foreign direct investment refers to direct investment equity flows in the reporting economy. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, and other capital. Direct investment is a category of cross-border investment associated wi

Source Organization Balance of Payments database, International Monetary Fund (IMF), note: International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments database, supplemented by data from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and official national sources.;

BX.KLT.DINV.WD.GD.ZS - Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Foreign direct investment are the net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital

Source Organization International Financial Statistics and Balance of Payments databases, International Monetary Fund (IMF);

BX.KLT.DREM.CD.DT - Primary income on FDI (current US$)

Source 81 International Debt Statistics: DSSI

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Primary income on foreign direct investment covers payments of direct investment income (debit side), which consist of income on equity (dividends, branch profits, and reinvested earnings) and income on the intercompany debt (interest). Data a

Source Organization International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook.

BX.PEF.TOTL.CD.WD - Portfolio equity, net inflows (BoP, current US$)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Portfolio equity includes net inflows from equity securities other than those recorded as direct investment and including shares, stocks, depository receipts (American or global), and direct purchases of shares in local stock markets by foreig

Source Organization Balance of Payments database, International Monetary Fund (IMF);

BX.TRF.PWKR.CD - Personal transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Personal transfers are current transfers, in cash or in kind, received by resident households from non-resident households. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over ti

Source Organization Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

BX.TRF.PWKR.CD.DT - Personal remittances, received (current US$)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Personal remittances comprise personal transfers and compensation of employees. Personal transfers consist of all current transfers in cash or in kind made or received by resident households to or from nonresident households. Personal transfer

Source Organization IMF balance of payments data, International Monetary Fund (IMF);

BX.TRF.PWKR.DT.GD.ZS - Personal remittances, received (% of GDP)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Personal remittances comprise personal transfers and compensation of employees. Personal transfers consist of all current transfers in cash or in kind made or received by resident households to or from nonresident households. Personal transfer

Source Organization Staff estimates, World Bank (WB);

CM.MKT.INDX.ZG - S&amp;P Global Equity Indices (annual % change)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes overview

Source Organization S&amp;P Global BMI, S&amp;P Dow Jones Indices, uri: https://www.spglobal.com/spdji/en/index-family/equity/global-equity/sp-global-bmi/

CM.MKT.LCAP.CD - Market capitalization of listed domestic companies (current US$)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Market capitalization (also known as market value) is the share price times the number of shares outstanding (including their several classes) for listed domestic companies. Investment funds, unit trusts, and companies whose only business goal

Source Organization World Federation of Exchanges database, World Federation of Exchanges (WFE)

CM.MKT.LCAP.GD.ZS - Market capitalization of listed domestic companies (% of GDP)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Market capitalization (also known as market value) is the share price times the number of shares outstanding (including their several classes) for listed domestic companies. Investment funds, unit trusts, and companies whose only business goal

Source Organization World Federation of Exchanges database, World Federation of Exchanges (WFE)

CM.MKT.LDOM.NO - Listed domestic companies, total

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Listed domestic companies, including foreign companies which are exclusively listed, are those which have shares listed on an exchange at the end of the year. Investment funds, unit trusts, and companies whose only business goal is to hold sha

Source Organization World Federation of Exchanges database, World Federation of Exchanges (WFE)

CM.MKT.TRAD.CD - Stocks traded, total value (current US$)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes The value of shares traded is the total number of shares traded, both domestic and foreign, multiplied by their respective matching prices. Figures are single counted (only one side of the transaction is considered). Companies admitted to list

Source Organization World Federation of Exchanges database, World Federation of Exchanges (WFE)

CM.MKT.TRAD.GD.ZS - Stocks traded, total value (% of GDP)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes The value of shares traded is the total number of shares traded, both domestic and foreign, multiplied by their respective matching prices. Figures are single counted (only one side of the transaction is considered). Companies admitted to list

Source Organization World Federation of Exchanges database, World Federation of Exchanges (WFE)

CM.MKT.TRNR - Stocks traded, turnover ratio of domestic shares (%)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Turnover ratio is the value of domestic shares traded divided by their market capitalization. The value is annualized by multiplying the monthly average by 12.

Source Organization World Federation of Exchanges database, World Federation of Exchanges (WFE)

DT.NFL.BOND.CD - Portfolio investment, bonds (PPG + PNG) (NFL, current US$)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Bonds are securities issued with a fixed rate of interest for a period of more than one year. They include net flows through cross-border public and publicly guaranteed and private nonguaranteed bond issues. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

Source Organization International Debt Statistics, World Bank (WB)

FB.AST.LOAN.CB.P3 - Loan accounts, commercial banks (per 1,000 adults)

Source 57 WDI Database Archives

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Loan accounts at commercial banks include loans from banks to individuals, businesses, and others, including home mortgages, consumer loans, business loans, trade loans, student loans, emergency loans, agricultural loans, and the like. Commerc

Source Organization Consultative Group to Assist the Poor and the World Bank Group’s Financial Access 2010.

FB.AST.LOAN.MF.P3 - Loan accounts, microfinance institutions (per 1,000 adults)

Source 57 WDI Database Archives

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Microfinance institutions are institutions whose primary business model is to lend to (and possibly take deposits from) the poor, often using specialized methodologies such as group lending. The data collected using this institutional classifi

Source Organization Consultative Group to Assist the Poor and the World Bank Group’s Financial Access 2010.

FB.AST.NPER.ZS - Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes The indicator measures the proportion of a deposit taker’s loan portfolio that is impaired or at risk of default. It is calculated as the ratio of non-performing loans (NPLs) to total gross loans, where NPLs are defined as loans that are pas

Source Organization Financial Soundness Indicators, International Monetary Fund (IMF), uri: https://data.imf.org/en/datasets/IMF:EXTERNAL_DATASET_CARDS/IMF.STA:LFSI

FB.ATM.TOTL.P5 - Automated teller machines (ATMs) (per 100,000 adults)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Automated teller machines (ATMs) are electromechanical devices which enable customers of financial institutions to perform financial transactions such as cash withdrawals, balance inquiries, deposits, transfer of funds, and obtaining account i

Source Organization Financial Access Survey, International Monetary Fund (IMF), uri: https://data.imf.org/?sk=E5DCAB7E-A5CA-4892-A6EA-598B5463A34C

FB.BNK.CAPA.ZS - Bank capital to assets ratio (%)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes The indicator is a measure of capital adequacy that evaluates the financial strength of deposit takers by comparing Tier 1 capital to total assets. Tier 1 capital, often referred to as core capital, includes the most stable and readily availab

Source Organization Financial Soundness Indicators, International Monetary Fund (IMF), uri: https://data.imf.org/en/datasets/IMF:EXTERNAL_DATASET_CARDS/IMF.STA:LFSI

FB.CBK.BRCH.P5 - Commercial bank branches (per 100,000 adults)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Commercial bank branches are retail locations of resident commercial banks and other resident banks that function as commercial banks that provide financial services to customers and are physically separated from the main office but not organi

Source Organization Financial Access Survey, International Monetary Fund (IMF), uri: https://data.imf.org/en/datasets/IMF.STA:FAS

FB.CBK.BRWR.P3 - Borrowers from commercial banks (per 1,000 adults)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Borrowers from commercial banks are the reported number of resident customers that are nonfinancial corporations (public and private) and households who obtained loans from commercial banks and other banks functioning as commercial banks.

Source Organization Financial Access Survey, International Monetary Fund (IMF), uri: https://data.imf.org/en/datasets/IMF.STA:FAS

FB.CBK.DPTR.P3 - Depositors with commercial banks (per 1,000 adults)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Depositors with commercial banks are the reported number of deposit account holders, including both resident non-financial corporations (both public and private) and individuals from the household sector, at commercial banks within the reporti

Source Organization Financial Access Survey, International Monetary Fund (IMF), uri: https://data.imf.org/en/datasets/IMF.STA:FAS

FB.POS.TOTL.P5 - Point-of-sale terminals (per 100,000 adults)

Source 57 WDI Database Archives

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Point-of-sale terminals are the equipment used to manage the selling process by a salesperson-accessible interface in the location where a transaction takes place.

Source Organization Consultative Group to Assist the Poor and the World Bank Group’s Financial Access 2010.

FD.AST.PRVT.GD.ZS - Domestic credit to private sector by banks (% of GDP)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Domestic credit to private sector by banks refers to financial resources provided to the private sector by other depository corporations (deposit taking corporations except central banks), such as through loans, purchases of nonequity securiti

Source Organization International Financial Statistics database, International Monetary Fund (IMF);

FD.RES.LIQU.AS.ZS - Bank liquid reserves to bank assets ratio (%)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Ratio of bank liquid reserves to bank assets is the ratio of domestic currency holdings and deposits with the monetary authorities to claims on other governments, nonfinancial public enterprises, the private sector, and other banking instituti

Source Organization International Financial Statistics database, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

FI.RES.TOTL.CD - Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Reserve assets are external assets, including monetary gold, that are readily available to and controlled by monetary authorities for meeting balance of payments financing needs, for intervention in exchange markets to affect the currency exch

Source Organization International Financial Statistics database, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

FI.RES.TOTL.DT.ZS - Total reserves (% of total external debt)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Reserve assets are external assets, including monetary gold, that are readily available to and controlled by monetary authorities for meeting balance of payments financing needs, for intervention in exchange markets to affect the currency exch

Source Organization International Debt Statistics, World Bank (WB)

FI.RES.TOTL.MO - Total reserves in months of imports

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Reserve assets are external assets, including monetary gold, that are readily available to and controlled by monetary authorities for meeting balance of payments financing needs, for intervention in exchange markets to affect the currency exch

Source Organization International Financial Statistics database, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

FI.RES.XGLD.CD - Total reserves minus gold (current US$)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes This series includes external assets (excluding monetary gold) that are readily available to and controlled by monetary authorities for meeting balance of payments financing needs, for intervention in exchange markets to affect the currency ex

Source Organization International Financial Statistics database, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

FM.AST.CGOV.ZG.M3 - Claims on central government (annual growth as % of broad money)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Claims on central government include loans to central government institutions net of deposits. Broad money is the sum of all liquid financial instruments held by money-holding sectors that are widely accepted in an economy as a medium of excha

Source Organization International Financial Statistics database, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

FM.AST.DOMO.ZG.M3 - Claims on other sectors of the domestic economy (annual growth as % of broad money)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Claims on other sectors of the domestic economy include gross credit from the financial system to households, nonprofit institutions serving households, nonfinancial corporations, state and local governments, and social security funds. Broad m

Source Organization International Financial Statistics database, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

FM.AST.DOMS.CN - Net domestic credit (current LCU)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Net domestic credit is the sum of net claims on the central government and claims on other sectors of the domestic economy. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over ti

Source Organization International Financial Statistics database, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

FM.AST.GOVT.CN - Claims on governments and other public entities (current LCU)

Source 11 Africa Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Claims on governments and other public entities (IFS line 32an + 32b + 32bx + 32c) usually comprise direct credit for specific purposes such as financing of the government budget deficit or loans to state enterprises, advances against future c

Source Organization International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and data files.

FM.AST.GOVT.ZG.M2 - Claims on governments, etc. (annual growth as % of M2)

Source 11 Africa Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Claims on governments and other public entities (IFS line 32an + 32b + 32bx + 32c) usually comprise direct credit for specific purposes such as financing of the government budget deficit or loans to state enterprises, advances against future c

Source Organization International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and data files.

FM.AST.NFRG.CN - Net foreign assets (current LCU)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Net foreign assets are the sum of foreign assets held by monetary authorities and deposit money banks, less their foreign liabilities. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price chan

Source Organization International Financial Statistics database, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

FM.AST.PRVT.GD.ZS - Monetary Sector credit to private sector (% GDP)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Domestic credit to private sector refers to financial resources provided to the private sector, such as through loans, purchases of nonequity securities, and trade credits and other accounts receivable, that establish a claim for repayment. Fo

Source Organization International Financial Statistics database, International Monetary Fund (IMF);

FM.AST.PRVT.ZG.M2 - Claims on private sector (annual growth as % of M2)

Source 11 Africa Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Claims on private sector (IFS line 32d) include gross credit from the financial system to individuals, enterprises, nonfinancial public entities not included under net domestic credit, and financial institutions not included elsewhere. Money a

Source Organization International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and data files.

FM.AST.PRVT.ZG.M3 - Claims on private sector (annual growth as % of broad money)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Claims on private sector include gross credit from the financial system to individuals, enterprises, nonfinancial public entities not included under net domestic credit, and financial institutions not included elsewhere. Broad money is the sum

Source Organization International Financial Statistics database, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

FM.LBL.BMNY.CN - Broad money (current LCU)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Broad money is the sum of all liquid financial instruments held by money-holding sectors that are widely accepted in an economy as a medium of exchange, plus those that can be converted into a medium of exchange at short notice at, or close to

Source Organization International Financial Statistics database, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

FM.LBL.BMNY.GD.ZS - Broad money (% of GDP)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Broad money is the sum of all liquid financial instruments held by money-holding sectors that are widely accepted in an economy as a medium of exchange, plus those that can be converted into a medium of exchange at short notice at, or close to

Source Organization International Financial Statistics database, International Monetary Fund (IMF);

FM.LBL.BMNY.IR.ZS - Broad money to total reserves ratio

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Broad money is the sum of all liquid financial instruments held by money-holding sectors that are widely accepted in an economy as a medium of exchange, plus those that can be converted into a medium of exchange at short notice at, or close to

Source Organization International Financial Statistics database, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

FM.LBL.BMNY.ZG - Broad money growth (annual %)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Broad money is the sum of all liquid financial instruments held by money-holding sectors that are widely accepted in an economy as a medium of exchange, plus those that can be converted into a medium of exchange at short notice at, or close to

Source Organization International Financial Statistics database, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

FP.CPI.TOTL - Consumer price index (2010 = 100)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Index of the prices of consumption goods and services, as compared to a certain reference period (2010=100).

Source Organization International Financial Statistics database, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG - Inflation, consumer prices (annual %)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Inflation as measured by the consumer price index reflects the annual percentage change in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly. This i

Source Organization International Financial Statistics database, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

FP.WPI.TOTL - Wholesale price index (2010 = 100)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Index of prices of a mix of agricultural and industrial goods at various stages of production and distribution, including import duties, as compared to a certain reference period (2010=100).

Source Organization International Financial Statistics database, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

FR.INR.DPST - Deposit interest rate (%)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Deposit interest rate is the rate paid by commercial or similar banks for demand, time, or savings deposits. The terms and conditions attached to these rates differ by country, however, limiting their comparability. This indicator is expressed

Source Organization International Financial Statistics database, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

FR.INR.LEND - Lending interest rate (%)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Lending rate is the bank rate that usually meets the short- and medium-term financing needs of the private sector. This rate is normally differentiated according to creditworthiness of borrowers and objectives of financing. The terms and condi

Source Organization International Financial Statistics database, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

FR.INR.LNDP - Interest rate spread (lending rate minus deposit rate, %)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Interest rate spread is the interest rate charged by banks on loans to private sector customers minus the interest rate paid by commercial or similar banks for demand, time, or savings deposits. The terms and conditions attached to these rates

Source Organization International Financial Statistics database, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

FR.INR.RINR - Real interest rate (%)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes An interest rate is the amount charged, expressed as a percentage of the principal over a period of time, by the owners of certain kinds of financial assets for putting the financial assets at the disposal of another institutional unit. The re

Source Organization International Financial Statistics database, International Monetary Fund (IMF);

FR.INR.RISK - Risk premium on lending (lending rate minus treasury bill rate, %)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Risk premium on lending is the interest rate charged by banks on loans to private sector customers minus the risk free treasury bill interest rate at which short-term government securities are issued or traded in the market. In some countries

Source Organization International Financial Statistics database, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

FS.AST.CGOV.GD.ZS - Claims on central government, etc. (% GDP)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Claims on central government include loans to central government institutions net of deposits. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and ser

Source Organization International Financial Statistics database, International Monetary Fund (IMF);

FS.AST.DOMO.GD.ZS - Claims on other sectors of the domestic economy (% of GDP)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Claims on other sectors of the domestic economy include gross credit from the financial system to households, nonprofit institutions serving households, nonfinancial corporations, state and local governments, and social security funds. This in

Source Organization International Financial Statistics database, International Monetary Fund (IMF);

FS.AST.DOMS.GD.ZS - Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Domestic credit provided by the financial sector includes all credit to various sectors on a gross basis, with the exception of credit to the central government, which is net. The financial sector includes monetary authorities and deposit mone

Source Organization International Financial Statistics database, International Monetary Fund (IMF);

FS.AST.PRVT.GD.ZS - Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Domestic credit to private sector refers to financial resources provided to the private sector by financial corporations, such as through loans, purchases of nonequity securities, and trade credits and other accounts receivable, that establish

Source Organization International Financial Statistics database, International Monetary Fund (IMF);

FX.OWN.TOTL.40.ZS - Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, poorest 40% (% of population ages 15+)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Account denotes the percentage of respondents who report having an account (by themselves or together with someone else) at a bank or another type of financial institution or report personally using a mobile money service in the past 12 months

Source Organization Global Findex Database, World Bank (WB), uri: https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/globalfindex

FX.OWN.TOTL.60.ZS - Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, richest 60% (% of population ages 15+)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Account denotes the percentage of respondents who report having an account (by themselves or together with someone else) at a bank or another type of financial institution or report personally using a mobile money service in the past 12 months

Source Organization Global Findex Database, World Bank (WB), uri: https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/globalfindex

FX.OWN.TOTL.FE.ZS - Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, female (% of population ages 15+)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Account denotes the percentage of respondents who report having an account (by themselves or together with someone else) at a bank or another type of financial institution or report personally using a mobile money service in the past 12 months

Source Organization Global Findex Database, World Bank (WB), uri: https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/globalfindex

FX.OWN.TOTL.MA.ZS - Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, male (% of population ages 15+)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Account denotes the percentage of respondents who report having an account (by themselves or together with someone else) at a bank or another type of financial institution or report personally using a mobile money service in the past 12 months

Source Organization Global Findex Database, World Bank (WB), uri: https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/globalfindex

FX.OWN.TOTL.OL.ZS - Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, older adults (% of population ages 25+)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Account denotes the percentage of respondents who report having an account (by themselves or together with someone else) at a bank or another type of financial institution or report personally using a mobile money service in the past 12 months

Source Organization Global Findex Database, World Bank (WB), uri: https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/globalfindex

FX.OWN.TOTL.PL.ZS - Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, primary education or less (% of population ages 15+)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Account denotes the percentage of respondents who report having an account (by themselves or together with someone else) at a bank or another type of financial institution or report personally using a mobile money service in the past 12 months

Source Organization Global Findex Database, World Bank (WB), uri: https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/globalfindex

FX.OWN.TOTL.SO.ZS - Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, secondary education or more (% of population ages 15+)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Account denotes the percentage of respondents who report having an account (by themselves or together with someone else) at a bank or another type of financial institution or report personally using a mobile money service in the past 12 months

Source Organization Global Findex Database, World Bank (WB), uri: https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/globalfindex

FX.OWN.TOTL.YG.ZS - Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, young adults (% of population ages 15-24)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Account denotes the percentage of respondents who report having an account (by themselves or together with someone else) at a bank or another type of financial institution or report personally using a mobile money service in the past 12 months

Source Organization Global Findex Database, World Bank (WB), uri: https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/globalfindex

FX.OWN.TOTL.ZS - Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population ages 15+)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Account denotes the percentage of respondents who report having an account (by themselves or together with someone else) at a bank or another type of financial institution or report personally using a mobile money service in the past 12 months

Source Organization Global Findex Database, World Bank (WB), uri: https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/globalfindex

GFDD.AI.01 - Bank accounts per 1,000 adults

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes For each country calculated as: 1,000*reported number of depositors/adult population in the reporting country.

Source Organization Financial Access Survey (FAS), International Monetary Fund (IMF)

GFDD.AI.02 - Bank branches per 100,000 adults

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes For each country calculated as: 100,000*reported number of depositors/adult population in the reporting country.

Source Organization Financial Access Survey (FAS), International Monetary Fund (IMF)

GFDD.AI.03 - Firms with a bank loan or line of credit (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Percentage of firms in the formal sector with a line of credit or a loan from a formal financial institution, such as a bank, credit union, microfinance institution, or cooperative.

Source Organization Enterprise Surveys, World Bank

GFDD.AI.04 - Small firms with a bank loan or line of credit (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Percentage of small firms (5-19 workers) in the formal sector with a line of credit or a loan from a (formal) financial institution, such as a bank, credit union, microfinance institution, or cooperative.

Source Organization Enterprise Surveys, World Bank

GFDD.AI.05 - Account at a formal financial institution (% age 15+)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes The percentage of respondents with an account (self or together with someone else) at a bank, credit union, another financial institution (e.g., cooperative, microfinance institution), or the post office (if applicable) including respondents w

Source Organization Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) Database, World Bank

GFDD.AI.06 - Saved at a financial institution in the past year (% age 15+)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes The percentage of respondents who report saving or setting aside any money by using an account at a formal financial institution such as a bank, credit union, microfinance institution, or cooperative in the past 12 months (% age 15+).

Source Organization Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) Database, World Bank

GFDD.AI.07 - Loan from a financial institution in the past year (% age 15+)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes The percentage of respondents who report borrowing any money from a bank, credit union, microfinance institution, or another financial institution such as a cooperative in the past 12 months (% age 15+).

Source Organization Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) Database, World Bank

GFDD.AI.08 - Account used for business purposes (% age 15+)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes The percentage of respondents who report using their accounts at a formal financial institution for business purposes only or for both business purposes and personal transactions (% age 15+).

Source Organization Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) Database, World Bank

GFDD.AI.09 - Account used to receive government payments (% age 15+)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes The percentage of respondents who report using their accounts at a formal financial institution to receive money or payments from the government in the past 12 months (% age 15+).

Source Organization Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) Database, World Bank

GFDD.AI.10 - Account used to receive remittances (% age 15+)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes The percentage of respondents who report using their accounts at a formal financial institution to receive money from family members living elsewhere in the past 12 months (% age 15+).

Source Organization Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) Database, World Bank

GFDD.AI.11 - Account used to receive wages (% age 15+)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes The percentage of respondents who report using their accounts at a formal financial institution to receive money or payments for work or from selling goods in the past 12 months (% age 15+).

Source Organization Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) Database, World Bank

GFDD.AI.12 - Saved any money in the past year (% age 15+)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes The percentage of respondents who report saving or setting aside any money in the past 12 months (% age 15+).

Source Organization Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) Database, World Bank

GFDD.AI.13 - Saved using a savings club in the past year (% age 15+)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes The percentage of respondents who report saving or setting aside any money by using an informal savings club or a person outside the family in the past 12 months (% age 15+).

Source Organization Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) Database, World Bank

GFDD.AI.14 - Loan in the past year (% age 15+)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes The percentage of respondents who borrowed any money in the past 12 months from any of the following sources: a formal financial institution, a store by using installment credit, family or friends, employer, or another private lender (% age 15

Source Organization Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) Database, World Bank

GFDD.AI.15 - Loan from a private lender in the past year (% age 15+)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes The percentage of respondents who report borrowing any money from a private lender in the past 12 months (% age 15+).

Source Organization Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) Database, World Bank

GFDD.AI.16 - Loan from an employer in the past year (% age 15+)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes The percentage of respondents who report borrowing any money from an employer in the past 12 months (% age 15+).

Source Organization Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) Database, World Bank

GFDD.AI.17 - Loan through store credit in the past year (% age 15+)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes The percentage of respondents who borrowed any money in the past 12 months from a store by using installment credit or buying on credit (% age 15+).

Source Organization Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) Database, World Bank

GFDD.AI.18 - Loan from family or friends in the past year (% age 15+)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes The percentage of respondents who report borrowing any money from family or friends in the past 12 months (% age 15+).

Source Organization Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) Database, World Bank

GFDD.AI.19 - Checks used to make payments (% age 15+)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes The percentage of respondents who used checks in the past 12 months to make payments on bills or to buy things using money from their accounts (% age 15+).

Source Organization Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) Database, World Bank

GFDD.AI.20 - Credit card (% age 15+)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes The percentage of respondents with a credit card (% age 15+).

Source Organization Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) Database, World Bank

GFDD.AI.21 - Debit card (% age 15+)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes The percentage of respondents with a debit card (% age 15+).

Source Organization Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) Database, World Bank

GFDD.AI.22 - Electronic payments used to make payments (% age 15+)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes The percentage of respondents who used electronic payments (payments that one makes or that are made automatically including wire transfers or payments made online) in the past 12 months to make payments on bills or to buy things using money f

Source Organization Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) Database, World Bank

GFDD.AI.23 - Mobile phone used to pay bills (% age 15+)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes The percentage of respondents who report using a mobile phone to pay bills in the past 12 months (% age 15+).

Source Organization Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) Database, World Bank

GFDD.AI.24 - Mobile phone used to send money (% age 15+)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes The percentage of respondents who report using a mobile phone to send money in the past 12 months (% age 15+).

Source Organization Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) Database, World Bank

GFDD.AI.25 - ATMs per 100,000 adults

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes For each country calculated as: 100,000*Number of ATMs/adult population in the reporting country.

Source Organization Financial Access Survey (FAS), International Monetary Fund (IMF)

GFDD.AI.26 - Depositing/withdrawing at least once in a typical month (% age 15+)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Adults depositing/withdrawing at least once in a typical month (% age 15+). It is calculated as follows: (100 - 0 deposits/withdrawals in typical month (% with an account, age 15+) ) * (Account at a formal financial institution (% age 15+)) /

Source Organization Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) Database, World Bank

GFDD.AI.27 - Firms with a checking or savings account (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Percentage of firms with a checking or savings account.

Source Organization Enterprise Surveys, World Bank

GFDD.AI.28 - Firms using banks to finance investments (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Percentage of firms using banks to finance purchases of fixed assets.

Source Organization Enterprise Surveys, World Bank

GFDD.AI.29 - Firms using banks to finance working capital (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Percentage of firms using bank loans to finance working capital.

Source Organization Enterprise Surveys, World Bank

GFDD.AI.30 - Loans requiring collateral (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Percentage of loans where a formal financial institution requires collateral in order to provide the financing.

Source Organization Enterprise Surveys, World Bank

GFDD.AI.31 - Value of collateral needed for a loan (% of the loan amount)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Value of collateral needed by a formal financial institution for a loan or line of credit as a percentage of the loan value or the value of the line of credit.

Source Organization Enterprise Surveys, World Bank

GFDD.AI.32 - Firms not needing a loan (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Percent of firms that did not apply for a loan in the last fiscal year because they did not need a loan. The denominator is the sum of all firms who applied and did not apply for a loan. The numerator is the number of firms who did not apply f

Source Organization Enterprise Surveys, World Bank

GFDD.AI.33 - Firms whose recent loan application was rejected (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Percent of firms whose most recent loan application was rejected by a formal financial institution.

Source Organization Enterprise Surveys, World Bank

GFDD.AI.34 - Investments financed by banks (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Estimated proportion of purchases of fixed assets that was financed from bank loans.

Source Organization Enterprise Surveys, World Bank

GFDD.AI.35 - Working capital financed by banks (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Proportion of the working capital that was financed by bank loans.

Source Organization Enterprise Surveys, World Bank

GFDD.AI.36 - Firms identifying access to finance as a major constraint (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Percentage of firms identifying access/cost of finance as a major or very severe obstacle.

Source Organization Enterprise Surveys, World Bank

GFDD.AM.01 - Value traded excluding top 10 traded companies to total value traded (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Value of all traded shares outside of the top ten largest traded companies as a share of total value of all traded shares in a stock market exchange. WFE provides data on the exchange level. This variable is aggregated up to the country level

Source Organization World Federation of Exchanges

GFDD.AM.02 - Market capitalization excluding top 10 companies to total market capitalization (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Value of listed shares outside of the top ten largest companies to total value of all listed shares.

Source Organization World Federation of Exchanges

GFDD.AM.03 - Nonfinancial corporate bonds to total bonds and notes outstanding (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Total amount of domestic nonfinancial corporate bonds and notes outstanding (BIS Table 16B) to total amount of domestic bonds and notes outstanding, both corporate and noncorporate (BIS Table 16A).

Source Organization Bank for International Settlements (BIS)

GFDD.DI.01 - Private credit by deposit money banks to GDP (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Private credit by deposit money banks and other financial institutions to GDP, calculated using the following deflation method: {(0.5)*[Ft/P_et + Ft-1/P_et-1]}/[GDPt/P_at] where F is credit to the private sector, P_e is end-of period CPI, and

Source Organization International Financial Statistics (IFS), International Monetary Fund (IMF)

GFDD.DI.02 - Deposit money banks'' assets to GDP (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Claims on domestic real nonfinancial sector by deposit money banks as a share of GDP, calculated using the following deflation method: {(0.5)*[Ft/P_et + Ft-1/P_et-1]}/[GDPt/P_at] where F is deposit money bank claims, P_e is end-of period CPI,

Source Organization International Financial Statistics (IFS), International Monetary Fund (IMF)

GFDD.DI.03 - Nonbank financial institutions’ assets to GDP (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Claims on domestic real nonfinancial sector by other financial institutions as a share of GDP, calculated using the following deflation method: {(0.5)*[Ft/P_et + Ft-1/P_et-1]}/[GDPt/P_at] where F is other financial institutions' claims, P_e i

Source Organization International Financial Statistics (IFS), International Monetary Fund (IMF)

GFDD.DI.04 - Deposit money bank assets to deposit money bank assets and central bank assets (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Raw data are from the electronic version of the IMF's International Financial Statistics (IFS lines 12 and 22, a-d).

Source Organization International Financial Statistics (IFS), International Monetary Fund (IMF)

GFDD.DI.05 - Liquid liabilities to GDP (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Ratio of liquid liabilities to GDP, calculated using the following deflation method: {(0.5)*[Ft/P_et + Ft-1/P_et-1]}/[GDPt/P_at] where F is liquid liabilities, P_e is end-of period CPI, and P_a is average annual CPI. Raw data are from the elec

Source Organization International Financial Statistics (IFS), International Monetary Fund (IMF)

GFDD.DI.06 - Central bank assets to GDP (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Claims on domestic real nonfinancial sector by the Central Bank as a share of GDP, calculated using the following deflation method: {(0.5)*[Ft/P_et + Ft-1/P_et-1]}/[GDPt/P_at] where F is Central Bank claims, P_e is end-of period CPI, and P_a

Source Organization International Financial Statistics (IFS), International Monetary Fund (IMF)

GFDD.DI.07 - Mutual fund assets to GDP (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Data taken from a variety of sources such as Investment Company Institute and national sources.

Source Organization World Bank - Non banking financial database

GFDD.DI.08 - Financial system deposits to GDP (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Demand, time and saving deposits in deposit money banks and other financial institutions as a share of GDP, calculated using the following deflation method: {(0.5)*[Ft/P_et + Ft-1/P_et-1]}/[GDPt/P_at] where F is demand and time and saving dep

Source Organization International Financial Statistics (IFS), International Monetary Fund (IMF)

GFDD.DI.09 - Life insurance premium volume to GDP (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Premium data is taken from various issues of Sigma reports (Swiss Re). Data on GDP in US dollars is from the electronic version of the World Development Indicators.

Source Organization Sigma Reports, Swiss Re

GFDD.DI.10 - Non-life insurance premium volume to GDP (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Premium data is taken from various issues of Sigma reports (Swiss Re). Data on GDP in US dollars is from the electronic version of the World Development Indicators.

Source Organization Sigma Reports, Swiss Re

GFDD.DI.11 - Insurance company assets to GDP (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Data taken from a variety of sources such as AXCO and national sources.

Source Organization Nonbanking financial database, World Bank

GFDD.DI.12 - Private credit by deposit money banks and other financial institutions to GDP (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Private credit by deposit money banks and other financial institutions to GDP, calculated using the following deflation method: {(0.5)*[Ft/P_et + Ft-1/P_et-1]}/[GDPt/P_at] where F is credit to the private sector, P_e is end-of period CPI, and

Source Organization International Financial Statistics (IFS), International Monetary Fund (IMF)

GFDD.DI.13 - Pension fund assets to GDP (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Ratio of assets of pension funds to GDP. A pension fund is any plan, fund, or scheme that provides retirement income. Data taken from a variety of sources such as OECD, AIOS, FIAP and national sources.

Source Organization Nonbanking financial database, World Bank

GFDD.DI.14 - Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Domestic credit to private sector refers to financial resources provided to the private sector, such as through loans, purchases of nonequity securities, and trade credits and other accounts receivable, that establish a claim for repayment. Fo

Source Organization World Development Indicators (WDI), World Bank

GFDD.DM.01 - Stock market capitalization to GDP (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Value of listed shares to GDP, calculated using the following deflation method: {(0.5)*[Ft/P_et + Ft-1/P_et-1]}/[GDPt/P_at] where F is stock market capitalization, P_e is end-of period CPI, and P_a is average annual CPI. End-of period CPI (

Source Organization Global Stock Markets Factbook and supplemental S&amp;P data, Standard &amp; Poor's

GFDD.DM.02 - Stock market total value traded to GDP (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Total value of all traded shares in a stock market exchange as a percentage of GDP. Following deflation method is use: {(0.5)*[Ft/P_et + Ft-1/P_et-1]}/[GDPt/P_at] where F is stock market capitalization, P_e is end-of period CPI, and P_a is

Source Organization Global Stock Markets Factbook and supplemental S&amp;P data, Standard &amp; Poor's

GFDD.DM.03 - Outstanding domestic private debt securities to GDP (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Total amount of domestic private debt securities (amounts outstanding) issued in domestic markets as a share of GDP. It covers data on long-term bonds and notes, commercial paper and other short-term notes. Table 16A (domestic debt amount): al

Source Organization Bank for International Settlements (BIS)

GFDD.DM.04 - Outstanding domestic public debt securities to GDP (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Total amount of domestic public debt securities (amounts outstanding) issued in domestic markets as a share of GDP. It covers long-term bonds and notes, treasury bills, commercial paper and other short-term notes. Table 16A (domestic debt amou

Source Organization Bank for International Settlements (BIS)

GFDD.DM.05 - Outstanding international private debt securities to GDP (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Amount of private international debt securities (amounts outstanding), as a share of GDP. It covers long-term bonds and notes and money market instruments placed on international markets. (Table 12A (international debt amount: all issuers) -

Source Organization Bank for International Settlements (BIS)

GFDD.DM.06 - Outstanding international public debt securities to GDP (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Amount of public international debt securities (amounts outstanding), as a share of GDP. It covers long-term bonds and notes and money market instruments placed on international markets. Table 12D (international debt amount): governments / GDP

Source Organization Bank for International Settlements (BIS)

GFDD.DM.07 - International debt issues to GDP (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Total value of outstanding international debt issues both public and private, as a share of GDP. Offshore bank loan data from BIS Statistical Appendix Table 12A (Amount Outstanding): International debt securities - all issuers.

Source Organization Bank for International Settlements (BIS)

GFDD.DM.08 - Gross portfolio equity liabilities to GDP (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Ratio of gross portfolio equity liabilities to GDP. Equity liabilities include shares, stocks, participation, and similar documents (such as American depository receipts) that usually denote ownership of equity. Raw data are from the electroni

Source Organization International Financial Statistics (IFS), International Monetary Fund (IMF)

GFDD.DM.09 - Gross portfolio equity assets to GDP (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Ratio of gross portfolio equity assets to GDP. Equity assets include shares, stocks, participation, and similar documents (such as American depository receipts) that usually denote ownership of equity. Raw data are from the electronic version

Source Organization International Financial Statistics (IFS), International Monetary Fund (IMF)

GFDD.DM.10 - Gross portfolio debt liabilities to GDP (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Ratio of gross portfolio debt liabilities to GDP. Debt liabilities cover (1) bonds, debentures, notes, etc., and (2) money market or negotiable debt instruments. Raw data are from the electronic version of the IMF's International Financial Sta

Source Organization International Financial Statistics (IFS), International Monetary Fund (IMF)

GFDD.EI.01 - Bank net interest margin (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Raw data are from Bankscope. Data2080[t] / ((data2010[t] + data2010[t-1])/2). Numerator and denominator are aggregated on the country level before division. Note that banks used in the calculation might differ between indicators. Calculated fr

Source Organization Bankscope, Bureau van Dijk (BvD)

GFDD.EI.02 - Bank lending-deposit spread

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Raw data are from the electronic version of the IMF’s International Financial Statistics. Difference between lending rate and deposit rate. Lending rate is the rate charged by banks on loans to the private sector and deposit interest rate is

Source Organization International Financial Statistics (IFS), International Monetary Fund (IMF)

GFDD.EI.03 - Bank noninterest income to total income (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Raw data are from Bankscope. Data2085 / (data2080 + data2085). Number is only calculated when net-interest income is not negative. Note that banks used in the calculation might differ between indicators. Calculated from underlying bank-by-bank

Source Organization Bankscope, Bureau van Dijk (BvD)

GFDD.EI.04 - Bank overhead costs to total assets (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Raw data are from Bankscope. Data2090[t] / ((data2025[t] + data2025[t-1])/2). Numerator and denominator are first aggregated on the country level before division. Note that banks used in the calculation might differ between indicators. Calcula

Source Organization Bankscope, Bureau van Dijk (BvD)

GFDD.EI.05 - Bank return on assets (%, after tax)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Raw data are from Bankscope. Data2115[t] / ((data2025[t] + data2025[t-1])/2). Numerator and denominator are first aggregated on the country level before division. Note that banks used in the calculation might differ between indicators. Calcula

Source Organization Bankscope, Bureau van Dijk (BvD)

GFDD.EI.06 - Bank return on equity (%, after tax)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Raw data are from Bankscope. Data2115[t] / ((data2055[t] + data2055[t-1])/2). Numerator and denominator are first aggregated on the country level before division. Note that banks used in the calculation might differ between indicators. Calcul

Source Organization Bankscope, Bureau van Dijk (BvD)

GFDD.EI.07 - Bank cost to income ratio (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Raw data are from Bankscope. Data2090 / (data2080 + data2085). All Numerator and denominator are first aggregated on the country level before division. Note that banks used in the calculation might differ between indicators. Calculated from u

Source Organization Bankscope, Bureau van Dijk (BvD)

GFDD.EI.08 - Credit to government and state-owned enterprises to GDP (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Raw data are from the electronic version of the IMF’s International Financial Statistics. (IFS line 22A + line 22B + line 22C) / GDP. Local currency GDP is from IFS (line 99B..ZF or, if not available, line 99B.CZF).

Source Organization International Financial Statistics (IFS), International Monetary Fund (IMF)

GFDD.EI.09 - Bank return on assets (%, before tax)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Raw data are from Bankscope. Data10270[t] / ((data2025[t] + data2025[t-1])/2). Numerator and denominator are first aggregated on the country level before division. Note that banks used in the calculation might differ between indicators. Calcul

Source Organization Bankscope, Bureau van Dijk (BvD)

GFDD.EI.10 - Bank return on equity (%, before tax)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Raw data are from Bankscope. Data10270[t] / ((data2055[t] + data2055[t-1])/2). Numerator and denominator are first aggregated on the country level before division. Note that banks used in the calculation might differ between indicators. Calcu

Source Organization Bankscope, Bureau van Dijk (BvD)

GFDD.EM.01 - Stock market turnover ratio (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Ratio of the value of total shares traded to average real market capitalization, the denominator is deflated using the following method: Tt/P_at/{(0.5)*[Mt/P_et + Mt-1/P_et-1] where T is total value traded, M is stock market capitalization, P

Source Organization Global Stock Markets Factbook and supplemental S&amp;P data, Standard &amp; Poor's

GFDD.OI.01 - Bank concentration (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Raw data are from Bankscope. (Sum(data2025) for three largest banks in Bankscope) / (Sum(data2025) for all banks in Bankscope). Only reported if number of banks in Bankscope is 3 or more. Calculated from underlying bank-by-bank unconsolidated

Source Organization Bankscope, Bureau van Dijk (BvD)

GFDD.OI.02 - Bank deposits to GDP (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Demand, time and saving deposits in deposit money banks as a share of GDP, calculated using the following deflation method: {(0.5)*[Ft/P_et + Ft-1/P_et-1]}/[GDPt/P_at] where F is demand and time and saving deposits, P_e is end-of period CPI, a

Source Organization International Financial Statistics (IFS), International Monetary Fund (IMF)

GFDD.OI.06 - 5-bank asset concentration

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Raw data are from Bankscope. (Sum(data2025) for five largest banks in Bankscope) / (Sum(data2025) for all banks in Bankscope). Only reported if number of banks in Bankscope is 5 or more. Calculated from underlying bank-by-bank unconsolidated d

Source Organization Bankscope, Bureau van Dijk (BvD)

GFDD.OI.07 - Liquid liabilities in millions USD (2000 constant)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Raw data are from the electronic version of the IMF's International Financial Statistics. Liquid liabilities (IFS lines 55L..ZF or, if not available, line 35L..ZF); for Eurocurrency area countries (BEF, DEM, ESP, FRF, GRD, IEP, ITL, LUF, NLG,

Source Organization International Financial Statistics (IFS), International Monetary Fund (IMF)

GFDD.OI.08 - Loans from nonresident banks (net) to GDP (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Ratio of net offshore bank loans to GDP. An offshore bank is a bank located outside the country of residence of the depositor, typically in a low tax jurisdiction (or tax haven) that provides financial and legal advantages. Offshore bank loan

Source Organization Bank for International Settlements (BIS)

GFDD.OI.09 - Loans from nonresident banks (amounts outstanding) to GDP (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Ratio of outstanding offshore bank loans to GDP. An offshore bank is a bank located outside the country of residence of the depositor, typically in a low tax jurisdiction (or tax haven) that provides financial and legal advantages. Offshore ba

Source Organization Bank for International Settlements (BIS)

GFDD.OI.10 - External loans and deposits of reporting banks vis-à-vis the banking sector (% of domestic bank deposits)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Data is from BIS Statistical Appendix Table 7A minus 7B: External loans and deposits of reporting banks vis-à-vis all sectors minus external loans and deposits of reporting banks vis-à-vis nonbanking sectors; bank deposits from IFS (IFS line

Source Organization Bank for International Settlements (BIS)

GFDD.OI.11 - External loans and deposits of reporting banks vis-à-vis the nonbanking sectors (% of domestic bank deposits)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Data is from BIS Statistical Appendix Table 7B: External loans and deposits of reporting banks vis-à-vis nonbanking sectors; bank deposits from IFS (IFS lines 24 and 25). End of year data (i.e. December data) are used.

Source Organization Bank for International Settlements (BIS)

GFDD.OI.12 - External loans and deposits of reporting banks vis-à-vis all sectors (% of domestic bank deposits)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Data is from BIS Statistical Appendix Table 7A: External loans and deposits of reporting banks vis-à-vis all sectors; bank deposits from IFS (IFS lines 24 and 25). End of year data (i.e. December data) are used.

Source Organization Bank for International Settlements (BIS)

GFDD.OI.13 - Remittance inflows to GDP (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Workers' remittances and compensation of employees comprise current transfers by migrant workers and wages and salaries earned by nonresident workers. Data are the sum of three items defined in the fifth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payment

Source Organization World Development Indicators (WDI), World Bank

GFDD.OI.14 - Consolidated foreign claims of BIS reporting banks to GDP (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes The ratio of consolidated foreign claims to GDP of the banks that are reporting to BIS. Foreign claims are defined as the sum of cross-border claims plus foreign offices’ local claims in all currencies. In the consolidated banking statistics

Source Organization Consolidated banking statistics, Bank for International Settlements (BIS)

GFDD.OI.15 - Foreign banks among total banks (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Percentage of the number of foreign owned banks to the number of the total banks in an Economy. A foreign bank is a bank where 50 percent or more of its shares are owned by foreigners.

Source Organization Stijn Claessens and Neeltje van Horen, 2012. Foreign Banks: Trends, Impact and Financial Stability IMF Working Paper, WP/12/10

GFDD.OI.16 - Foreign bank assets among total bank assets (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Percentage of the total banking assets that are held by foreign banks. A foreign bank is a bank where 50 percent or more of its shares are owned by foreigners.

Source Organization Stijn Claessens and Neeltje van Horen, 2012. Foreign Banks: Trends, Impact and Financial Stability IMF Working Paper, WP/12/10

GFDD.OI.17 - Global leasing volume to GDP (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Ratios calculated by source.

Source Organization White Clarke Global Leasing Report

GFDD.OI.18 - Total factoring volume to GDP (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes GDP data provided by IFS and converted into USD using IFS exchange rates.

Source Organization Factors Chain International

GFDD.OI.19 - Banking crisis dummy (1=banking crisis, 0=none)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes A banking crisis is defined as systemic if two conditions are met: a. Significant signs of financial distress in the banking system (as indicated bysignificant bank runs, losses in the banking system, and/or bank liquidations), b. Significant

Source Organization Luc Laeven and Fabián Valencia, 2012. “Systemic Banking Crises Database: An Update”, IMF Working Paper WP/12/163

GFDD.OM.01 - Number of listed companies per 1,000,000 people

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Number of publicly listed companies per 1,000,000 people. Number of listed domestic companies is the domestically incorporated companies listed on the country's stock exchanges at the end of the year. This indicator does not include investment

Source Organization Global Stock Markets Factbook and supplemental S&amp;P data, Standard &amp; Poor's

GFDD.OM.02 - Stock market return (%, year-on-year)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Stock market return is the growth rate of annual average stock market index. Annual average stock market index is constructed by taking the average of the daily stock market indexes available at Bloomberg.

Source Organization Bloomberg

GFDD.SI.01 - Bank Z-score

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes It captures the probability of default of a country's banking system. Z-score compares the buffer of a country's banking system (capitalization and returns) with the volatility of those returns. It is estimated as (ROA+(equity/assets))/sd(ROA)

Source Organization Bankscope, Bureau van Dijk (BvD)

GFDD.SI.02 - Bank non-performing loans to gross loans (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Reported by IMF staff. Note that due to differences in national accounting, taxation, and supervisory regimes, these data are not strictly comparable across countries.

Source Organization Financial Soundness Indicators Database (fsi.imf.org), International Monetary Fund (IMF)

GFDD.SI.03 - Bank capital to total assets (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Ratio of bank capital and reserves to total assets. Capital and reserves include funds contributed by owners, retained earnings, general and special reserves, provisions, and valuation adjustments. Capital includes tier 1 capital (paid-up shar

Source Organization Financial Soundness Indicators Database (fsi.imf.org), International Monetary Fund (IMF)

GFDD.SI.04 - Bank credit to bank deposits (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Raw data are from the electronic version of the IMF’s International Financial Statistics. Private credit by deposit money banks (IFS line 22d); bank deposits (IFS lines 24 and 25).

Source Organization International Financial Statistics (IFS), International Monetary Fund (IMF)

GFDD.SI.05 - Bank regulatory capital to risk-weighted assets (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Reported by IMF staff. Note that due to differences in national accounting, taxation, and supervisory regimes, these data are not strictly comparable across countries.

Source Organization Financial Soundness Indicators Database (fsi.imf.org), International Monetary Fund (IMF)

GFDD.SI.06 - Liquid assets to deposits and short term funding (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Raw data are from Bankscope. Data2075 / data2030. Numerator and denominator are first aggregated on the country level before division. Calculated from underlying bank-by-bank unconsolidated data from Bankscope.

Source Organization Bankscope, Bureau van Dijk (BvD)

GFDD.SI.07 - Provisions to nonperforming loans (%)

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Provisions to nonperforming loans. Nonperforming Loans are loans for which the contractual payments are delinquent, usually defined as and NPL ratio being overdue for more than a certain number of days (e.g., usually more than 90 days). Repor

Source Organization Financial Soundness Indicators Database (fsi.imf.org), International Monetary Fund (IMF)

GFDD.SM.01 - Stock price volatility

Source 32 Global Financial Development

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Stock price volatility is the average of the 360-day volatility of the national stock market index.

Source Organization Bloomberg

IC.CRD.INFO.XQ - Depth of credit information index (0=low to 8=high)

Source 57 WDI Database Archives

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Depth of credit information index measures rules affecting the scope, accessibility, and quality of credit information available through public or private credit registries. The index ranges from 0 to 8, with higher values indicating the avail

Source Organization World Bank, Doing Business project (http://www.doingbusiness.org/). NOTE: Doing Business has been discontinued as of 9/16/2021. For more information: https://bit.ly/3CLCbme

IC.CRD.PRVT.ZS - Private credit bureau coverage (% of adults)

Source 57 WDI Database Archives

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Private credit bureau coverage reports the number of individuals or firms listed by a private credit bureau with current information on repayment history, unpaid debts, or credit outstanding. The number is expressed as a percentage of the adul

Source Organization World Bank, Doing Business project (http://www.doingbusiness.org/). NOTE: Doing Business has been discontinued as of 9/16/2021. For more information: https://bit.ly/3CLCbme

IC.CRD.PUBL.ZS - Public credit registry coverage (% of adults)

Source 57 WDI Database Archives

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Public credit registry coverage reports the number of individuals and firms listed in a public credit registry with current information on repayment history, unpaid debts, or credit outstanding. The number is expressed as a percentage of the a

Source Organization World Bank, Doing Business project (http://www.doingbusiness.org/). NOTE: Doing Business has been discontinued as of 9/16/2021. For more information: https://bit.ly/3CLCbme

IC.LGL.CRED.XQ - Strength of legal rights index (0=weak to 12=strong)

Source 57 WDI Database Archives

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Strength of legal rights index measures the degree to which collateral and bankruptcy laws protect the rights of borrowers and lenders and thus facilitate lending. The index ranges from 0 to 12, with higher scores indicating that these laws ar

Source Organization World Bank, Doing Business project (http://www.doingbusiness.org/). NOTE: Doing Business has been discontinued as of 9/16/2021. For more information: https://bit.ly/3CLCbme

NY.GDP.DEFL.KD.ZG.AD - Inflation, GDP deflator: linked series (annual %)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Inflation as measured by the annual growth rate of the GDP implicit deflator shows the rate of price change in the economy as a whole. The GDP implicit deflator is the ratio of GDP in current local currency to GDP in constant local currency. T

Source Organization Staff estimates, World Bank (WB);

NY.GDP.DEFL.ZS.AD - GDP deflator: linked series (base year varies by country)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes The GDP implicit deflator is the ratio of GDP in current local currency to GDP in constant local currency. The base year varies by country. This series has been linked to produce a consistent time series to counteract breaks in series over tim

Source Organization Staff estimates, World Bank (WB);

PA.NUS.ATLS - DEC alternative conversion factor (LCU per US$)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes The DEC alternative conversion factor is the underlying annual exchange rate (the price of one country’s currency in relation to another country's currency) used for the World Bank Atlas method. As a rule, it is the official exchange rate re

Source Organization International Financial Statistics database, International Monetary Fund (IMF);

PA.NUS.FCRF - Official exchange rate (LCU per US$, period average)

Source 02 World Development Indicators

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Official exchange rate refers to the exchange rate determined by national authorities or to the rate determined in the legally sanctioned exchange market. This indicator represents the ratio of Local Currency Units relative to United States do

Source Organization International Financial Statistics database, International Monetary Fund (IMF)

SM.POP.NETM - Net migration

Source 40 Population estimates and projections

Topics 07 Financial Sector

Source Notes Net migration is the net total of migrants during the period, that is, the number of immigrants minus the number of emigrants, including both citizens and noncitizens.

Source Organization World Population Prospects, United Nations (UN), publisher: UN Population Division

(as of 04jan2026)