Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fiifi Amoako Johnson
Author-X-Name-First: Fiifi
Author-X-Name-Last: Amoako Johnson
Author-Name: Sabu S. Padmadas
Author-X-Name-First: Sabu S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Padmadas
Author-Name: Hukum Chandra
Author-X-Name-First: Hukum
Author-X-Name-Last: Chandra
Author-Name: Zoe Matthews
Author-X-Name-First: Zoe
Author-X-Name-Last: Matthews
Author-Name: Nyovani J. Madise
Author-X-Name-First: Nyovani J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Madise
Title: Estimating unmet need for contraception by district within Ghana: An application of small-area estimation techniques
Abstract:
The importance of meeting the unmet need for contraception is
nowhere more urgent than in the countries of sub-Saharan Africa, where the
fertility decline is stalling and total unmet need exceeds 30 per cent
among married women. In Ghana, where fertility levels vary considerably,
demographic information at sub-national level is essential for building
effective family planning programmes. We used small-area estimation
techniques, linking data from the 2003 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey
to the 2000 Ghana Population and Housing Census, to derive district-level
estimates of contraceptive use and unmet need for contraception. The
results show considerable variation between districts in contraceptive use
and unmet need. The prevalence of contraceptive use varies from 4.1 to
41.7 per cent, while that of the use of modern methods varies from 4.0 to
34.8 per cent. The findings identify districts where family planning
programmes need to be strengthened.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 105-122
Issue: 2
Volume: 66
Year: 2012
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2012.678585
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2012.678585
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:66:y:2012:i:2:p:105-122
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Erzsébet Bukodi
Author-X-Name-First: Erzsébet
Author-X-Name-Last: Bukodi
Title: The relationship between work history and partnership formation in cohorts of British men born in 1958 and 1970
Abstract:
This study investigated the relationship between work history
and partnership formation for British men. Two questions were asked: (i)
Do instabilities in young men's careers lead to a higher probability of
entering into cohabitation and, in turn, to a postponement of first
marriage? (ii) Are there cohort differences in the effects of men's
careers on their partnership decisions? The analyses were based on data
from two birth-cohort studies for men born in 1958 and 1970. The results
suggest that highly unstable occupational careers make it very likely that
young men's first partnership is a cohabitation rather than a marriage.
Further, having an unstable occupational career early in working life is a
strong impediment to transforming cohabitation into marriage. Finally,
there is no evidence of a weakening between cohorts of the effects of
men's work careers on their partnership decisions.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 123-145
Issue: 2
Volume: 66
Year: 2012
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2012.656853
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2012.656853
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:66:y:2012:i:2:p:123-145
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Véronique Hertrich
Author-X-Name-First: Véronique
Author-X-Name-Last: Hertrich
Author-Name: Marie Lesclingand
Author-X-Name-First: Marie
Author-X-Name-Last: Lesclingand
Title: Adolescent migration and the 1990s nuptiality transition in Mali
Abstract:
Attempts to explain the rise in women's age at marriage
across Africa have focused mainly on determinants in the urban
environment, notably women's education and the economic recession. In our
study, we examined the migration of adolescent girls as a factor in the
transition to a later age of marriage in rural Mali, using an analysis of
data from a longitudinal survey conducted over 20 years. The findings show
a close correlation between the rise in labour migration and the onset of
this nuptiality transition. Continuing changes in marriage patterns
include not only its postponement but also a breakdown in the marriage
formalization process. Two main mechanisms are documented: a direct one,
as migration enables young women to choose the timing of their marriage
and is a source of empowerment; and an indirect one, as migration
challenges family marriage conventions and contributes to elders
disengaging from control over marriage and young people.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 147-166
Issue: 2
Volume: 66
Year: 2012
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2012.669489
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2012.669489
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:66:y:2012:i:2:p:147-166
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Brienna Perelli-Harris
Author-X-Name-First: Brienna
Author-X-Name-Last: Perelli-Harris
Author-Name: Michaela Kreyenfeld
Author-X-Name-First: Michaela
Author-X-Name-Last: Kreyenfeld
Author-Name: Wendy Sigle-Rushton
Author-X-Name-First: Wendy
Author-X-Name-Last: Sigle-Rushton
Author-Name: Renske Keizer
Author-X-Name-First: Renske
Author-X-Name-Last: Keizer
Author-Name: Trude Lappegård
Author-X-Name-First: Trude
Author-X-Name-Last: Lappegård
Author-Name: Aiva Jasilioniene
Author-X-Name-First: Aiva
Author-X-Name-Last: Jasilioniene
Author-Name: Caroline Berghammer
Author-X-Name-First: Caroline
Author-X-Name-Last: Berghammer
Author-Name: Paola Di Giulio
Author-X-Name-First: Paola
Author-X-Name-Last: Di Giulio
Title: Changes in union status during the transition to parenthood in eleven European countries, 1970s to early 2000s
Abstract:
Couples who have children are increasingly likely to have
lived together without being married at some point in their relationship.
Some couples begin their unions with cohabitation and marry before first
conception, some marry during pregnancy or directly after the first birth,
while others remain unmarried 3 years after the first birth. Using union
and fertility histories since the 1970s for eleven countries, we examine
whether women who have children in unions marry, and if so, at what stage
in family formation. We also examine whether women who conceive when
cohabiting are more likely to marry or separate. We find that patterns of
union formation and childbearing develop along different trajectories
across countries. In all countries, however, less than 40 per cent of
women remained in cohabitation up to 3 years after the first birth,
suggesting that marriage remains the predominant institution for raising
children.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 167-182
Issue: 2
Volume: 66
Year: 2012
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2012.673004
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2012.673004
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:66:y:2012:i:2:p:167-182
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Enid Schatz
Author-X-Name-First: Enid
Author-X-Name-Last: Schatz
Title: Rationale and procedures for nesting semi-structured interviews in surveys or censuses
Abstract:
Demographers who use survey data and census data from health
and demographic surveillance areas can gain substantially from expanding
their repertoire of methods to make use of qualitative methods. Similarly,
those who conduct and analyse data primarily from semi-structured
interviews or focus groups can benefit from information provided by survey
research. This paper presents a systematic mixed-methods model-data-linked
nested studies-for sampling respondents for semi-structured interviews
from survey or census lists. The paper outlines how to conduct these types
of study, and their technical and analytical advantages. It highlights the
benefits of building on a strong foundation, the ability to compare
samples, and the expansion of the range of evidence for, or against, the
validity of the substantive findings. Case studies from two data-linked
nested projects-in Malawi and South Africa-are used to describe in detail
the nested-study approach.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 183-195
Issue: 2
Volume: 66
Year: 2012
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2012.658851
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2012.658851
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:66:y:2012:i:2:p:183-195
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Caroline Berghammer
Author-X-Name-First: Caroline
Author-X-Name-Last: Berghammer
Title: Church attendance and childbearing: Evidence from a Dutch panel study, 1987-2005
Abstract:
While researchers have often found that Europeans who report
faith-based beliefs or practices have larger families than those who do
not, there is a lack of evidence on the reasons for these links. This
study investigated whether having a first child affects parents' level of
church attendance and whether the frequency of church attendance at
different times in life predicts a person's (almost) completed fertility.
Drawing on five waves of a large-scale Dutch panel survey, the study used
data that cover a substantial part of the respondents' reproductive period
(1987-2005). In contrast to findings from the USA, the results suggest a
one-way influence: having a first child does not predict a change in
church attendance, but church attendance is a strong predictor of future
childbearing.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 197-212
Issue: 2
Volume: 66
Year: 2012
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2012.655304
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2012.655304
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:66:y:2012:i:2:p:197-212
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zhongwei Zhao
Author-X-Name-First: Zhongwei
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao
Author-Name: Allan Puur
Author-X-Name-First: Allan
Author-X-Name-Last: Puur
Author-Name: John Landers
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Landers
Author-Name: Frances Stewart
Author-X-Name-First: Frances
Author-X-Name-Last: Stewart
Author-Name: Ruth Dixon-Mueller
Author-X-Name-First: Ruth
Author-X-Name-Last: Dixon-Mueller
Title: Book reviews
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 213-218
Issue: 2
Volume: 66
Year: 2012
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2012.683251
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2012.683251
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:66:y:2012:i:2:p:213-218
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Warren B. Miller
Author-X-Name-First: Warren B.
Author-X-Name-Last: Miller
Author-Name: Jennifer S. Barber
Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Barber
Author-Name: Heather H. Gatny
Author-X-Name-First: Heather H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Gatny
Title: The effects of ambivalent fertility desires on pregnancy risk in young women in the USA
Abstract:
Many different definitions of the construct of motivational
ambivalence have appeared in the literature on reproductive health. Using
a theoretical framework in which motivational ambivalence is defined as an
interaction between positive and negative pregnancy desires, we propose
two hypotheses. The first is that positive and negative pregnancy desires
independently predict the risk of an unplanned pregnancy. The second is
that ambivalence and three related constructs that are also based on the
interaction between positive and negative desires are each important
predictors of pregnancy risk. We use weekly journal data collected from a
US sample of 1,003 women aged 18-19 years and conduct hazard model
analysis to test our hypotheses. Using both dummy and continuous
predictors, we report results that confirm both hypotheses. The proposed
interaction framework has demonstrated validity, compares favourably with
previously reported alternative approaches, and incorporates a set of
constructs that have potential importance for further research directed at
the prevention of unplanned pregnancy.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 25-38
Issue: 1
Volume: 67
Year: 2013
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2012.738823
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2012.738823
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:67:y:2013:i:1:p:25-38
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ethan Sharygin
Author-X-Name-First: Ethan
Author-X-Name-Last: Sharygin
Author-Name: Avraham Ebenstein
Author-X-Name-First: Avraham
Author-X-Name-Last: Ebenstein
Author-Name: Monica Das Gupta
Author-X-Name-First: Monica
Author-X-Name-Last: Das Gupta
Title: Implications of China's future bride shortage for the geographical distribution and social protection needs of never-married men
Abstract:
Because sex ratios at birth have risen sharply in China in
recent decades, an increasing proportion of men will be unable to find a
bride, and will face old age without the support of a wife and children.
We project the proportions of never-married men and their geographical
distribution in China in the coming decades. Our projections assume that
two tendencies in current marriage patterns will persist: that women will
continue to migrate to wealthier areas and to prefer men with better
prospects. We find that, by 2030, more than 20 per cent of men in China
aged 30-39 will never have married, and that the proportion will be
especially high among poor men in low-income provinces that are least able
to provide social protection programmes. The projected geographic
concentration of bachelors could be socially disruptive, and the results
suggest a need to expand the coverage and central financing of social
protection programmes.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 39-59
Issue: 1
Volume: 67
Year: 2013
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2012.723893
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2012.723893
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:67:y:2013:i:1:p:39-59
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pavel Grigoriev
Author-X-Name-First: Pavel
Author-X-Name-Last: Grigoriev
Author-Name: Gabriele Doblhammer-Reiter
Author-X-Name-First: Gabriele
Author-X-Name-Last: Doblhammer-Reiter
Author-Name: Vladimir Shkolnikov
Author-X-Name-First: Vladimir
Author-X-Name-Last: Shkolnikov
Title: Trends, patterns, and determinants of regional mortality in Belarus, 1990-2007
Abstract:
We report analyses of regional trends in overall and
cause-specific mortality in Belarus for the period 1990-2007. We explore
the respective spatial patterns and attempt to determine the factors
responsible for the regional mortality variation. The results show that
inter-regional mortality differentials tend to rise, mainly because of the
growing advantage of the capital over other regions. The increasing
variation is associated with diverging trends in mortality from external
causes of death. Mortality tends to be higher in the eastern part of the
country. Regional data show that changes in mortality are largely
explained by alcohol and socio-economic conditions, as measured by
unemployment and poverty rates. Cardiovascular and external-cause
mortality are strongly associated with alcohol and unemployment, while
poverty is an important predictor of suicide and homicide mortality.
Clusters of elevated mortality from certain cancers located in the
contaminated zone point to the possible impact of the Chernobyl accident.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 61-81
Issue: 1
Volume: 67
Year: 2013
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2012.724696
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2012.724696
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:67:y:2013:i:1:p:61-81
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hassan Eini-Zinab
Author-X-Name-First: Hassan
Author-X-Name-Last: Eini-Zinab
Title: Multidimensional life-table analysis of the effect of child mortality on total fertility in India, 1992-93, 1998-99, 2005-06
Abstract:
This paper presents a new method for estimating the effect of
child mortality on the total fertility rate (TFR). The method is based on
discrete-time survival models of parity progression that allow
construction of a multivariate multidimensional life table of fertility
with four dimensions: woman's age, parity, duration in parity, and number
of previous child deaths. Additional socio-economic variables are included
in the set of predictor variables in the underlying survival models of
parity progression. The life table yields a replacement rate, which
measures the effect of one additional child death on the TFR. The method
is illustrated by applying it to three Indian National Family Health
Surveys. Major findings are that dead children are incompletely replaced,
and that the replacement rate rises as the TFR falls, reflecting women's
increasing ability to control their fertility.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 7-23
Issue: 1
Volume: 67
Year: 2013
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2012.737473
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2012.737473
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:67:y:2013:i:1:p:7-23
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kari White
Author-X-Name-First: Kari
Author-X-Name-Last: White
Author-Name: Joseph E. Potter
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Potter
Title: The impact of outmigration of men on fertility and marriage in the migrant-sending states of Mexico, 1995-2000
Abstract:
Using the 2000 Mexican Census, we examined whether the level
of migration was associated with total fertility and the proportion of
women married in 314 municipalities from seven traditional sending states.
Across these municipalities, we observe lower fertility in
higher-migration areas. Municipalities in the quartile with the highest
levels of migration have total fertility more than half a child lower than
municipalities in the lowest migration quartile. However, there are no
differences in marital fertility by level of migration, indicating that
lower proportions of women married account for lower total fertility in
high-migration municipalities. In municipal-level regression models, lower
sex ratios are associated with a lower proportion of women married, while
there is an inverse association between education and marriage. The level
of migration also has an independent association with marriage, suggesting
that there may be changing ideas surrounding family formation in
high-migration areas.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 83-95
Issue: 1
Volume: 67
Year: 2013
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2012.721518
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2012.721518
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:67:y:2013:i:1:p:83-95
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Niina Metsä-Simola
Author-X-Name-First: Niina
Author-X-Name-Last: Metsä-Simola
Author-Name: Pekka Martikainen
Author-X-Name-First: Pekka
Author-X-Name-Last: Martikainen
Title: The short-term and long-term effects of divorce on mortality risk in a large Finnish cohort, 1990-2003
Abstract:
This study investigated time patterns of post-divorce excess
mortality. Using register-based data, we followed 252,641 married Finns
from 1990 until subsequent date of divorce and death until 2003. Among
men, excess mortality is highest immediately after divorce, followed by a
decline over 8 years. Among women, excess mortality shows little variation
over time, and is lower than among men at all durations of divorce. Social
and economic factors-largely adjustment for post-divorce factors-explain
about half of the excess mortality. This suggests that excess mortality is
partly mediated through poor social and economic resources. Mortality
attributable to accidental, violent, and alcohol-related causes is
pronounced shortly after divorce. It shows a strong pattern of reduction
over the next 4 years among divorced men, and is high for only 6 months
after divorce among divorced women. These findings emphasize the
importance of short-term psychological distress, particularly among men.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 97-110
Issue: 1
Volume: 67
Year: 2013
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2012.746386
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2012.746386
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:67:y:2013:i:1:p:97-110
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jackie Li
Author-X-Name-First: Jackie
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Title: A Poisson common factor model for projecting mortality and life expectancy jointly for females and males
Abstract:
We examine the application of a Poisson common factor model
for the projection of mortality jointly for females and males. The model
structure is an extension of the classical Lee-Carter method in which
there is a common factor for the aggregate population, while a number of
additional sex-specific factors can also be incorporated. The Poisson
distribution is a natural choice for modelling the number of deaths, and
its use provides a formal statistical framework for model selection,
parameter estimation, and data analysis. Our results for Australian data
show that this model leads to projected life expectancy values similar to
those produced by the separate projection of mortality for females and
males, but possesses the additional advantage of ensuring that the
projected male-to-female ratio for death rates at each age converges to a
constant. Moreover, the randomness of the corresponding residuals
indicates that the model fit is satisfactory.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 111-126
Issue: 1
Volume: 67
Year: 2013
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2012.689316
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2012.689316
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:67:y:2013:i:1:p:111-126
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jakub Bijak
Author-X-Name-First: Jakub
Author-X-Name-Last: Bijak
Author-Name: Eric Silverman
Author-X-Name-First: Eric
Author-X-Name-Last: Silverman
Title: Probability and Social Science. Methodological Relationships between the Two Approaches
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 127-129
Issue: 1
Volume: 67
Year: 2013
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2013.765163
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2013.765163
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:67:y:2013:i:1:p:127-129
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David I. Kertzer
Author-X-Name-First: David I.
Author-X-Name-Last: Kertzer
Title: Understanding Family Change and Variation: Toward a Theory of Conjunctural Action
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 129-131
Issue: 1
Volume: 67
Year: 2013
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2013.765164
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2013.765164
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:67:y:2013:i:1:p:129-131
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lesley A. Hall
Author-X-Name-First: Lesley A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hall
Title: Sinners? Scroungers? Saints? Unmarried Motherhood in Twentieth-Century England
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 131-132
Issue: 1
Volume: 67
Year: 2013
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2013.765215
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2013.765215
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:67:y:2013:i:1:p:131-132
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: William Clark
Author-X-Name-First: William
Author-X-Name-Last: Clark
Title: Neighborhood Effects Research: New Perspectives
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 132-133
Issue: 1
Volume: 67
Year: 2013
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2013.765166
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2013.765166
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:67:y:2013:i:1:p:132-133
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sandra González-Bailón
Author-X-Name-First: Sandra
Author-X-Name-Last: González-Bailón
Author-Name: Tommy E. Murphy
Author-X-Name-First: Tommy E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Murphy
Title: The effects of social interactions on fertility decline in nineteenth-century France: An agent-based simulation experiment
Abstract:
We built an agent-based simulation, incorporating geographic
and demographic data from nineteenth-century France, to study the role of
social interactions in fertility decisions. The simulation made
experimentation possible in a context where other empirical strategies
were precluded by a lack of data. We evaluated how different decision
rules, with and without interdependent decision-making, caused variations
in population growth and fertility levels. The analyses show that
incorporating social influence into the model allows empirically observed
behaviour to be mimicked, especially at a national level. These findings
shed light on individual-level mechanisms through which the French
demographic transition may have developed.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 135-155
Issue: 2
Volume: 67
Year: 2013
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2013.774435
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2013.774435
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:67:y:2013:i:2:p:135-155
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Les Mayhew
Author-X-Name-First: Les
Author-X-Name-Last: Mayhew
Author-Name: David Smith
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Smith
Title: A new method of projecting populations based on trends in life expectancy and survival
Abstract:
There is increasing concern about the lack of accuracy in
population projections at national levels. A common problem has been the
systematic underestimation of improvements in mortality, especially at
older ages, resulting in projections that are too low. In this paper, we
present a method that is based on projecting survivorship rather than
mortality, which uses the same data but differs technically. In
particular, rather than extrapolating trends in mortality, we use trends
in life expectancy to establish a robust statistical relation between
changes in life expectancy and survivorship using period life tables. We
test the approach on data for England and Wales for the population aged 50
and over, and show that it gives more accurate projections than official
projections using the same base data. Using the model to project the
population aged 50 and over to 2020, our method suggests nearly 0.6
million more people in this age group than official projections.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 157-170
Issue: 2
Volume: 67
Year: 2013
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2012.740500
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2012.740500
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:67:y:2013:i:2:p:157-170
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christopher Avery
Author-X-Name-First: Christopher
Author-X-Name-Last: Avery
Author-Name: Travis St. Clair
Author-X-Name-First: Travis
Author-X-Name-Last: St. Clair
Author-Name: Michael Levin
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Levin
Author-Name: Kenneth Hill
Author-X-Name-First: Kenneth
Author-X-Name-Last: Hill
Title: The 'Own Children' fertility estimation procedure: A reappraisal
Abstract:
The Full Birth History has become the dominant source of
estimates of fertility levels and trends for countries lacking complete
birth registration. An alternative, the 'Own Children' method, derives
fertility estimates from household age distributions, but is now rarely
used, partly because of concerns about its accuracy. We compared the
estimates from these two procedures by applying them to 56 recent
Demographic and Health Surveys. On average, 'Own Children' estimates of
recent total fertility rates are 3 per cent lower than birth-history
estimates. Much of this difference stems from selection bias in the
collection of birth histories: women with more children are more likely to
be interviewed. We conclude that full birth histories overestimate total
fertility, and that the 'Own Children' method gives estimates of total
fertility that may better reflect overall national fertility. We recommend
the routine application of the 'Own Children' method to census and
household survey data to estimate fertility levels and trends.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 171-183
Issue: 2
Volume: 67
Year: 2013
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2013.769616
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2013.769616
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:67:y:2013:i:2:p:171-183
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Siddharth Chandra
Author-X-Name-First: Siddharth
Author-X-Name-Last: Chandra
Title: Mortality from the influenza pandemic of 1918-19 in Indonesia
Abstract:
The influenza pandemic of 1918-19 was the single most lethal
short-term epidemic of the twentieth century. For Indonesia, the world's
fourth most populous country, the most widely used estimate of mortality
from that pandemic is 1.5 million. We estimated mortality from the
influenza pandemic in Java and Madura, home to the majority of Indonesia's
population, using panel data methods and data from multiple quinquennial
population counts and two decennial censuses. The new estimates suggest
that, for Java alone, population loss was in the range of 4.26-4.37
million, or more than twice the established estimate for mortality for all
of Indonesia. We conclude that the standing estimates of mortality from
influenza in Java and Indonesia need to be revised upward significantly.
We also present new findings on geographic patterns of population loss
across Java, and pre-pandemic and post-pandemic population growth rates.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 185-193
Issue: 2
Volume: 67
Year: 2013
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2012.754486
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2012.754486
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:67:y:2013:i:2:p:185-193
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anton Vrieling
Author-X-Name-First: Anton
Author-X-Name-Last: Vrieling
Author-Name: Chantal Melser
Author-X-Name-First: Chantal
Author-X-Name-Last: Melser
Title: Constructing boundary-consistent population time series for the municipalities of the Netherlands, 1988-2011
Abstract:
Frequent spatial reorganization of administrative units is
common in many countries. It may comprise the merging or division of
spatial units, or boundary changes between units. These reorganizations
prevent the effective assessment of longer-term population dynamics at a
detailed spatial level. To deal with this problem in the Netherlands, we
developed a new temporal correction method for the populations of
municipalities. Rather than estimating the affected population, we used
existing data on the number of persons affected by each spatial change. We
assumed that before any boundary changes took place, population
development was spatially uniform within a municipality. Systematically
transferring proportions of the population from original to newly defined
target municipalities back in time provided a corrected time series for
1988-2011, based on the 2011 municipal boundaries. Overall, our results
correspond well with a detailed reconstruction for 1999-2009 based on data
for individual households. Our procedure may be applicable in other
countries with effective population registration systems.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 195-208
Issue: 2
Volume: 67
Year: 2013
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2012.754049
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2012.754049
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:67:y:2013:i:2:p:195-208
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zai Liang
Author-X-Name-First: Zai
Author-X-Name-Last: Liang
Author-Name: Miao David Chunyu
Author-X-Name-First: Miao David
Author-X-Name-Last: Chunyu
Title: Migration within China and from China to the USA: The effects of migration networks, selectivity, and the rural political economy in Fujian Province
Abstract:
This paper tests a new strategy for simultaneously studying
internal migration within, and international migration from, China. Our
theoretical discussion draws on ideas from migration-networks theory and
studies of the transition to a market-oriented economy. Data collection is
modelled on the Mexican Migration Project. We find that education is more
important in initiating internal migration than international migration.
Second, although the role of migration networks at a community level seems
similar to that for Mexico-USA migration, the networks at a family level
show a different pattern. Third, there is evidence that internal and
international migration are competing options. Finally, we find that
individuals with cadres (public officials) in the family are less likely
to undertake internal migration, but more likely to participate in
international migration, a finding that highlights the continuing
significance of the cadres in coastal rural China.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 209-223
Issue: 2
Volume: 67
Year: 2013
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2012.756116
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2012.756116
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:67:y:2013:i:2:p:209-223
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hendrik P. van Dalen
Author-X-Name-First: Hendrik P.
Author-X-Name-Last: van Dalen
Author-Name: Kène Henkens
Author-X-Name-First: Kène
Author-X-Name-Last: Henkens
Title: Explaining emigration intentions and behaviour in the Netherlands, 2005-10
Abstract:
We examined the emigration intentions of native-born Dutch
residents and their subsequent emigration behaviour from 2005 to 2010.
Data were collected from two surveys on emigration intentions, one
conducted locally and one nationally. A number of novel results stand out.
First, intentions were good predictors of future emigration: 34 per cent
of those who had stated an intention to emigrate actually emigrated within
the 5-year follow-up period. Second, the personality of potential migrants
and their discontent with the quality of the public domain in the
Netherlands (e.g., crowded space and inadequate access to unspoilt nature,
pollution, crime level, mentality of people) were the strongest
contributors to the motivation to move abroad. Third, the main difference
between movers and those who stated intentions to emigrate but had not
(yet) followed through was their state of health: healthy people were more
likely to follow through with their migration intentions than those in
poorer health.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 225-241
Issue: 2
Volume: 67
Year: 2013
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2012.725135
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2012.725135
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:67:y:2013:i:2:p:225-241
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrzej Kulczycki
Author-X-Name-First: Andrzej
Author-X-Name-Last: Kulczycki
Title: World Population Policies: Their Origin, Evolution, and Impact
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 243-246
Issue: 2
Volume: 67
Year: 2013
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2013.788319
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2013.788319
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:67:y:2013:i:2:p:243-246
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pat Thane
Author-X-Name-First: Pat
Author-X-Name-Last: Thane
Title: The Changing Legal Regulation of Cohabitation. From Fornicators to Family, 1600-2010
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 246-248
Issue: 2
Volume: 67
Year: 2013
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2013.788320
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2013.788320
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:67:y:2013:i:2:p:246-248
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maire Ni Bhrolchain
Author-X-Name-First: Maire
Author-X-Name-Last: Ni Bhrolchain
Title: The Demography and Epidemiology of Human Health and Aging
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 248-249
Issue: 2
Volume: 67
Year: 2013
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2013.788322
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2013.788322
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:67:y:2013:i:2:p:248-249
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tomáš Sobotka
Author-X-Name-First: Tomáš
Author-X-Name-Last: Sobotka
Title: Fertility and Public Policy: How to Reverse the Trend of Declining Birth Rates
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 249-252
Issue: 2
Volume: 67
Year: 2013
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2013.788324
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2013.788324
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:67:y:2013:i:2:p:249-252
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Beverley Haddad
Author-X-Name-First: Beverley
Author-X-Name-Last: Haddad
Title: Religion & AIDS in Africa
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 252-254
Issue: 2
Volume: 67
Year: 2013
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2013.790604
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2013.790604
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:67:y:2013:i:2:p:252-254
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carl P. Schmertmann
Author-X-Name-First: Carl P.
Author-X-Name-Last: Schmertmann
Author-Name: Suzana M. Cavenaghi
Author-X-Name-First: Suzana M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Cavenaghi
Author-Name: Renato M. Assunção
Author-X-Name-First: Renato M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Assunção
Author-Name: Joseph E. Potter
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Potter
Title: Bayes plus Brass: Estimating total fertility for many small areas from sparse census data
Abstract:
Estimates of fertility in small areas are valuable for analysing
demographic change, and important for local planning and population
projection. In countries lacking complete vital registration, however,
small-area estimates are possible only from sparse survey or census data
that are potentially unreliable. In these circumstances estimation
requires new methods for old problems: procedures must be automated if
thousands of estimates are required; they must deal with extreme sampling
variability in many areas; and they should also incorporate corrections
for possible data errors. We present a two-step procedure for estimating
total fertility in such circumstances and illustrate it by applying the
method to data from the 2000 Brazilian Census for over 5,000
municipalities. Our proposed procedure first smoothes local age-specific
rates using Empirical Bayes methods and then applies a new variant of
Brass's P/F parity correction procedure that is robust to conditions of
rapid fertility decline.Supplementary material at the project
website http://schmert.net/BayesBrass will allow readers to replicate all
the authors' results in this paper using their data and programs.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 255-273
Issue: 3
Volume: 67
Year: 2013
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2013.795602
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2013.795602
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:67:y:2013:i:3:p:255-273
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Frans van Poppel
Author-X-Name-First: Frans
Author-X-Name-Last: van Poppel
Author-Name: Dirk J. van de Kaa
Author-X-Name-First: Dirk J.
Author-X-Name-Last: van de Kaa
Author-Name: Govert E. Bijwaard
Author-X-Name-First: Govert E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Bijwaard
Title: Life expectancy of artists in the Low Countries from the fifteenth to the twentieth century
Abstract:
We investigated the role that urbanization and plague may have played in
changes in life expectancy amongst artists in the Low Countries who were
born between 1450 and 1909. Artists can be considered to be representative
of a middle-class population living mostly in urban areas. The dataset was
constructed using biographical information collected by the
Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie in The
Hague, the Netherlands. As early as the beginning of the sixteenth
century, life expectancy at age 20 amongst the artists had reached 40
years. After a substantial decline in the late sixteenth and the early
seventeenth centuries, when plague hit the region, life expectancy at age
20 began to rise again, and this upward trend accelerated after 1850. The
life expectancy of female artists commonly exceeded that of males, and
sculptors had better survival prospects than painters. In comparison with
elite groups in the Low Countries and elsewhere in Europe, life expectancy
amongst the artists was rather high.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 275-292
Issue: 3
Volume: 67
Year: 2013
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2013.765955
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2013.765955
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:67:y:2013:i:3:p:275-292
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shige Song
Author-X-Name-First: Shige
Author-X-Name-Last: Song
Title: Assessing the impact of in utero exposure to famine on fecundity: Evidence from the 1959-61 famine in China
Abstract:
This study identifies a significant increase in sterility among rural, but
not urban, Chinese women who were conceived and born during the 1959-61
famine that resulted from the Great Leap Forward. Applied to data from two
large-scale, nationally representative, sample surveys of Chinese women of
childbearing age conducted in 1997 and 2001 by the State Family Planning
Commission, difference-in-differences analysis revealed that exposure to
the famine while in the womb caused an increase in the risk of sterility
amongst the adult women surveyed of 1.1 per cent. This is a substantial
increase given that the overall prevalence of primary and permanent
sterility is only slightly over 1 per cent in China. These findings
support the hypothesis that a woman exposed to acute malnutrition while in
the womb may experience a long-term negative impact on her reproductive
system, which could result in permanently impaired fecundity.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 293-308
Issue: 3
Volume: 67
Year: 2013
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2013.774045
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2013.774045
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:67:y:2013:i:3:p:293-308
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gabriele Doblhammer
Author-X-Name-First: Gabriele
Author-X-Name-Last: Doblhammer
Author-Name: Gerard J. van den Berg
Author-X-Name-First: Gerard J.
Author-X-Name-Last: van den Berg
Author-Name: L. H. Lumey
Author-X-Name-First: L. H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Lumey
Title: A re-analysis of the long-term effects on life expectancy of the Great Finnish Famine of 1866-68
Abstract:
The results of studies exploring the long-term consequences of famine
during foetal or infant development are inconsistent. We tested the
hypothesis that selection forces occurring during a famine change the
distribution of frailty in the affected cohorts, possibly hiding negative
long-term effects. Using mortality data for Finland, gathered from the
Human Mortality Database, we explored the effect of being born during the
Great Finnish Famine of 1866-68 by comparing mortality at age 60 and over
for the 1850-89 births, taking into account unobserved cohort
heterogeneity. Contemporaneous Swedish cohorts, unexposed to the famine,
were used as an additional control group. When cohort heterogeneity is
accounted for, a lower life expectancy at age 60 for male cohorts in
Finland born during the famine is observed. The results for females are
less conclusive. No substantial changes are seen in the Swedish cohorts.
In order to provide consistent estimates of the long-run effects of
famines, selection forces need to be considered.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 309-322
Issue: 3
Volume: 67
Year: 2013
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2013.809140
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2013.809140
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:67:y:2013:i:3:p:309-322
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stuart Basten
Author-X-Name-First: Stuart
Author-X-Name-Last: Basten
Author-Name: Georgia Verropoulou
Author-X-Name-First: Georgia
Author-X-Name-Last: Verropoulou
Title: 'Maternity migration' and the increased sex ratio at birth in Hong Kong SAR
Abstract:
The sex ratio at birth (SRB) in Hong Kong SAR (Special Administrative
Region) has recently increased dramatically. Using a data set (N =
850,331) of all recorded births in Hong Kong between 1995 and 2009, we
calculated SRBs by parity and immigrant status. The findings indicate a
strong son preference among Mainland Chinese who have travelled to Hong
Kong to give birth, especially at parity two or above. Logistic regression
models show that this tendency is significantly greater among more
affluent couples and remains strong even among Mainland Chinese women
resident in Hong Kong for any length of time. The SRB of Hong Kong-born
couples, though elevated at higher parities, is less skewed. Hong Kong has
been serving as an outlet for 'elite' Mainland couples to circumvent
family planning restrictions. The analysis also suggests the advantages of
a wider set of immigrant variables over a binary construct.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 323-334
Issue: 3
Volume: 67
Year: 2013
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2013.826372
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2013.826372
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:67:y:2013:i:3:p:323-334
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michel Guillot
Author-X-Name-First: Michel
Author-X-Name-Last: Guillot
Author-Name: So-jung Lim
Author-X-Name-First: So-jung
Author-X-Name-Last: Lim
Author-Name: Liudmila Torgasheva
Author-X-Name-First: Liudmila
Author-X-Name-Last: Torgasheva
Author-Name: Mikhail Denisenko
Author-X-Name-First: Mikhail
Author-X-Name-Last: Denisenko
Title: Infant mortality in Kyrgyzstan before and after the break-up of the Soviet Union
Abstract:
There is a great deal of uncertainty over the levels of, and trends in,
infant mortality in the former Soviet republics of Central Asia. As a
result, the impact of the break-up of the Soviet Union on infant mortality
in the region is not known, and proper monitoring of mortality levels is
impaired. In this paper, a variety of data sources and methods are used to
assess levels of infant mortality and their trend over time in one Central
Asian republic, Kyrgyzstan, between 1980 and 2010. An abrupt halt to an
already established decline in infant mortality was observed to occur
during the decade following the break-up of the Soviet Union,
contradicting the official statistics based on vital registration. Infants
of Central Asian ethnicity and those born in rural areas were also
considerably more at risk of mortality than suggested by the official
sources. We discuss the implications of these findings, both for health
policy in this seldom studied part of the former Soviet Union and for our
understanding of the health crisis which it currently faces.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 335-352
Issue: 3
Volume: 67
Year: 2013
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2013.835859
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2013.835859
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:67:y:2013:i:3:p:335-352
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nathalie E. Williams
Author-X-Name-First: Nathalie E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Williams
Title: How community organizations moderate the effect of armed conflict on migration in Nepal
Abstract:
This study analyses micro-level variability in migration during armed
conflict in Nepal. The analysis is based on a multi-dimensional model of
individual out-migration that examines the economic, social, and political
consequences of conflict and how community organizations condition the
experience of these consequences and systematically alter migration
patterns. Detailed data on violent events and individual behaviour during
the Maoist insurrection in Nepal and multi-level event-history analysis
were used to test the model. The results indicate that community
organizations reduced the effect of conflict on out-migration by providing
resources that helped people cope with danger, as well as with the
economic, social, and political consequences of the conflict. The evidence
suggests that the conflict caused the population to be systematically
redistributed in a way that will probably affect its future
socio-demographic composition-the extent of the redistribution depending
on the resources available in each community.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 353-369
Issue: 3
Volume: 67
Year: 2013
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2012.754927
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2012.754927
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:67:y:2013:i:3:p:353-369
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alex Weinreb
Author-X-Name-First: Alex
Author-X-Name-Last: Weinreb
Title: Family Planning Programs for the 21st Century: Rationale and Design
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 371-372
Issue: 3
Volume: 67
Year: 2013
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2013.807018
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2013.807018
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:67:y:2013:i:3:p:371-372
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gigi Santow
Author-X-Name-First: Gigi
Author-X-Name-Last: Santow
Title: Registration and Recognition. Documenting the Person in World History
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 372-376
Issue: 3
Volume: 67
Year: 2013
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2013.797675
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2013.797675
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:67:y:2013:i:3:p:372-376
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Calvin Goldscheider
Author-X-Name-First: Calvin
Author-X-Name-Last: Goldscheider
Title: Political Demography: How Population Changes are Reshaping International Security and National Politics
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 376-377
Issue: 3
Volume: 67
Year: 2013
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2013.788317
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2013.788317
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:67:y:2013:i:3:p:376-377
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Chris Langford
Author-X-Name-First: Chris
Author-X-Name-Last: Langford
Title: Famine, Fevers and Fear: The State and Disease in British Colonial Sri Lanka
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 377-379
Issue: 3
Volume: 67
Year: 2013
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2013.801697
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2013.801697
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:67:y:2013:i:3:p:377-379
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ian Shuttleworth
Author-X-Name-First: Ian
Author-X-Name-Last: Shuttleworth
Title: Spatial and Social Disparities: Understanding Population Trends and Processes-Volume 2
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 379-380
Issue: 3
Volume: 67
Year: 2013
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2013.807017
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2013.807017
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:67:y:2013:i:3:p:379-380
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Roberta Torre
Author-X-Name-First: Roberta
Author-X-Name-Last: Torre
Author-Name: Mikko Myrskylä
Author-X-Name-First: Mikko
Author-X-Name-Last: Myrskylä
Title: Income inequality and population health: An analysis of panel data for 21 developed countries, 1975-2006
Abstract:
The relative income-health hypothesis postulates that income distribution
is an important determinant of population health, but the age and sex
patterns of this association are not well known. We tested the relative
income-health hypothesis using panel data collected for 21 developed
countries over 30 years. Net of trends in gross domestic product per head
and unobserved period and country factors, income inequality measured by
the Gini index is positively associated with the mortality of males and
females at ages 1-14 and 15-49, and with the mortality of females at ages
65-89 albeit less strongly than for the younger age groups. These findings
suggest that policies to decrease income inequality may improve health,
especially that of children and young-to-middle-aged men and women. The
mechanisms behind the income inequality-mortality association remain
unknown and should be the focus of future research.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 1-13
Issue: 1
Volume: 68
Year: 2014
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2013.856457
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2013.856457
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:68:y:2014:i:1:p:1-13
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Satvika Chalasani
Author-X-Name-First: Satvika
Author-X-Name-Last: Chalasani
Author-Name: Shea Rutstein
Author-X-Name-First: Shea
Author-X-Name-Last: Rutstein
Title: Household wealth and child health in India
Abstract:
Using data from the Indian National Family Health Surveys (1992-93,
1998-99, 2005-06), this study examined how the relationship between
household wealth and child health evolved during a time of significant
economic change in India. The main predictor was an innovative measure of
household wealth that captures changes in wealth over time. Discrete-time
logistic models (with community fixed effects) were used to examine
mortality and malnutrition outcomes: infant, child, and under-5 mortality;
stunting, wasting, and being underweight. Analysis was conducted at the
national, urban/rural, and regional levels, separately for boys and girls.
The results indicate that the relationship between household wealth and
under-5 mortality weakened over time but this result was dominated by
infant mortality. The relationship between wealth and child mortality
stayed strong for girls. The relationship between household wealth and
malnutrition became stronger over time for boys and particularly for
girls, in urban and (especially) rural areas.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 15-41
Issue: 1
Volume: 68
Year: 2014
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2013.795601
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2013.795601
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:68:y:2014:i:1:p:15-41
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul Norman
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Norman
Author-Name: Philip Rees
Author-X-Name-First: Philip
Author-X-Name-Last: Rees
Author-Name: Pia Wohland
Author-X-Name-First: Pia
Author-X-Name-Last: Wohland
Title: The use of a new indirect method to estimate ethnic-group fertility rates for subnational projections for England
Abstract:
To project the ethnic-group populations of local authorities in England to
2051, estimates of ethnic-specific fertility rates were needed. In the
absence of ethnic information on birth records, we developed indirect
estimation methods that use a combination of vital statistics, the census
(both microdata and aggregate tables), and survey data (Labour Force
Survey). We estimated age-specific and total fertility rates successively
for five broad ethnic groups encompassed by all data-sets, and for eight
ethnic groups encompassed by the 1991 and 2001 Censuses for England. We
then used census data to disaggregate the estimates to the 16 ethnic
groups required for the subnational projections and the Hadwiger function
to estimate single-year-of-age estimates. We estimated the uncertainty
around the fertility estimates and used a logistic model to project rates
to 2021, after which we assumed rates would remain constant.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 43-64
Issue: 1
Volume: 68
Year: 2014
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2013.810300
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2013.810300
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:68:y:2014:i:1:p:43-64
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alicia Adsera
Author-X-Name-First: Alicia
Author-X-Name-Last: Adsera
Author-Name: Ana Ferrer
Author-X-Name-First: Ana
Author-X-Name-Last: Ferrer
Title: Factors influencing the fertility choices of child immigrants in Canada
Abstract:
We analysed the fertility of women who
migrated to Canada before reaching age 19, using the 20 per cent sample of
the Canadian censuses from 1991 to 2006. Fertility increases with age at
immigration, and is particularly high for those immigrating in late
adolescence. This pattern prevails regardless of the country of origin,
and of whether the mother tongue of the migrants was an official language
in Canada. The fertility of those for whom it was an official language is
always lower on average than of those for whom it was not, but there does
not seem to be a critical age at which the fertility of the former and the
latter starts to diverge. Formal education has an effect: the fertility of
immigrants who arrived in Canada at any age before adulthood and who were
or became college graduates is similar to that of their native peers.An
appendix to this paper is available at
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2013.802007
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 65-79
Issue: 1
Volume: 68
Year: 2014
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2013.802007
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2013.802007
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:68:y:2014:i:1:p:65-79
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kåre Bævre
Author-X-Name-First: Kåre
Author-X-Name-Last: Bævre
Author-Name: Øystein Kravdal
Author-X-Name-First: Øystein
Author-X-Name-Last: Kravdal
Title: The effects of earlier income variation on mortality: An analysis of Norwegian register data
Abstract:
Several studies have shown a positive relationship between mortality and
episodes of income decline, unemployment, or poverty shortly before death
or in the more distant past. Our objective was to analyse the mortality
effects of earlier income changes more generally, net of the overall
level. We used Norwegian register data that included individual histories
of annual labour income and focused on mortality among men aged 50-69 in
1990-2002. Men in this age group who, during the preceding 15 years, had
experienced at least two substantial falls in income as well as at least
one substantial increase, or vice versa, experienced an excess mortality
of 17 per cent. For men who experienced fewer changes, there were only
weak indications of excess mortality. Variation dominated by falls in
income did not have a more adverse effect than variation dominated by
rises.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 81-94
Issue: 1
Volume: 68
Year: 2014
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2013.824603
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2013.824603
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:68:y:2014:i:1:p:81-94
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dalkhat M. Ediev
Author-X-Name-First: Dalkhat M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Ediev
Title: Why increasing longevity may favour a PAYG pension system over a funded system
Abstract:
When pension systems are contrasted it is common to use simplified
demographic models, such as overlapping generation models with
time-invariant mortality. Breaking with this tradition, we show that for a
population with increasing longevity, the pay-as-you-go (PAYG) system may
be more advantageous than a funded system (FS). Increasing longevity
favours the PAYG system because for the workers living longer at
retirement than current retirees, it is less costly to fund others'
current pensions than their own. At present, the effect amounts to around
15 per cent in terms of the dependency ratio, or six more years at work in
the FS, or 1 per cent per annum in terms of the real interest rate. In
most developed countries the effect substantially exceeds that of the
usually studied biological interest rate.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 95-110
Issue: 1
Volume: 68
Year: 2014
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2013.780632
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2013.780632
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:68:y:2014:i:1:p:95-110
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martin Kolk
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Kolk
Title: Multigenerational transmission of family size in contemporary Sweden
Abstract:
The study of the intergenerational transmission of fertility has a long
history in demography, but until now research has focused primarily on
parents' influence on their children's fertility patterns and has largely
overlooked the possible influence of other kin. This study examines the
transmission of fertility patterns from parents, grandparents, uncles, and
aunts, using event history models to determine the risk of first, second,
and third births. Swedish register data are used to study the 1970-82
birth cohorts. The findings indicate strong associations between the
fertility of index persons and that of their parents, and also independent
associations between the completed fertility of index persons and that of
their grandparents and parents' siblings. The results suggest that, when
examining background effects in fertility research, it is relevant to take
a multigenerational perspective and to consider the characteristics of
extended kin.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 111-129
Issue: 1
Volume: 68
Year: 2014
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2013.819112
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2013.819112
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:68:y:2014:i:1:p:111-129
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Steve Bruce
Author-X-Name-First: Steve
Author-X-Name-Last: Bruce
Title: Religion and the Demographic Revolution: Women and Secularization in Canada, Ireland, UK and USA since the 1960s
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 131-132
Issue: 1
Volume: 68
Year: 2014
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2013.801699
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2013.801699
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:68:y:2014:i:1:p:131-132
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John F. May
Author-X-Name-First: John F.
Author-X-Name-Last: May
Title: The State and the Stork: The Population Debate and Policy Making in US History
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 132-133
Issue: 1
Volume: 68
Year: 2014
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2013.844952
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2013.844952
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:68:y:2014:i:1:p:132-133
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Knodel
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Knodel
Title: Chronicles From the Field: The Townsend Thai Project
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 133-134
Issue: 1
Volume: 68
Year: 2014
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2014.882605
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2014.882605
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:68:y:2014:i:1:p:133-134
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martin Dribe
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Dribe
Author-Name: J. David Hacker
Author-X-Name-First: J. David
Author-X-Name-Last: Hacker
Author-Name: Francesco Scalone
Author-X-Name-First: Francesco
Author-X-Name-Last: Scalone
Title: The impact of socio-economic status on net fertility during the historical fertility decline: A comparative analysis of Canada, Iceland, Sweden, Norway, and the USA
Abstract:
We used micro-level data from the censuses of 1900 to investigate the
impact of socio-economic status on net fertility during the fertility
transition in five Northern American and European countries (Canada,
Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and the USA). The study is therefore unlike most
previous research on the historical fertility transition, which used
aggregate data to examine economic correlates of demographic behaviour at
regional or national levels. Our data included information on number of
children by age, occupation of the mother and father, place of residence,
and household context. The results show highly similar patterns across
countries, with the elite and upper middle classes having considerably
lower net fertility early in the transition. These patterns remain after
controlling for a range of individual and community-level fertility
determinants and geographical unobserved heterogeneity.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 135-149
Issue: 2
Volume: 68
Year: 2014
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2014.889741
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2014.889741
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:68:y:2014:i:2:p:135-149
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jan M. Hoem
Author-X-Name-First: Jan M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hoem
Title: The dangers of conditioning on the time of occurrence of one demographic process in the analysis of another
Abstract:
In studies of the fertility of migrants in which the data are confined to
the migrants only, estimation bias will normally appear in comparisons of
childbearing before and after migration. The same issue arises in studies
of union formation before and after first birth, marriage formation before
and after home purchase, and in any other comparison of behaviour before
and after an index event if one confines the study only to those who have
experienced the index event. It is normally better to avoid analysis of
behaviour before the index event because such analysis actually conditions
on the later arrival of the index event. In this paper, we provide
graphical and mathematical representations of this problem and show how
one can get a meaningful (unconditional) comparison of behaviour before
and after the index event provided the data contain enough information for
both sub-periods. Otherwise, the analyst should refrain from making a
comparison of this nature.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 151-159
Issue: 2
Volume: 68
Year: 2014
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2013.843019
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2013.843019
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:68:y:2014:i:2:p:151-159
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bruno Masquelier
Author-X-Name-First: Bruno
Author-X-Name-Last: Masquelier
Author-Name: Georges Reniers
Author-X-Name-First: Georges
Author-X-Name-Last: Reniers
Author-Name: Gilles Pison
Author-X-Name-First: Gilles
Author-X-Name-Last: Pison
Title: Divergences in trends in child and adult mortality in sub-Saharan Africa: Survey evidence on the survival of children and siblings
Abstract:
This paper provides an overview of trends in mortality in children aged
under 5 and adults between the ages of 15 and 60 in sub-Saharan Africa,
using data on the survival of the children and siblings collected in
Demographic and Health Surveys. If conspicuous stalls in the 1990s are
disregarded, child mortality levels have generally declined and converged
over the last 30-40 years. In contrast, adult mortality in many East and
Southern African countries has increased markedly, echoing earlier
increases in the incidence of HIV. In recent years, adult mortality levels
have begun to decline once again in East Africa, in some instances before
the large-scale expansion of antiretroviral therapy programmes. More
surprising is the lack of sustained improvements in adult survival in some
countries that have not experienced severe HIV epidemics. Because trends
in child and adult mortality do not always evolve in tandem, we argue that
model-based estimates, inferred by matching indices of child survival onto
standard mortality schedules, can be very misleading.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 161-177
Issue: 2
Volume: 68
Year: 2014
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2013.856458
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2013.856458
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:68:y:2014:i:2:p:161-177
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Aude Bernard
Author-X-Name-First: Aude
Author-X-Name-Last: Bernard
Author-Name: Martin Bell
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Bell
Author-Name: Elin Charles-Edwards
Author-X-Name-First: Elin
Author-X-Name-Last: Charles-Edwards
Title: Improved measures for the cross-national comparison of age profiles of internal migration
Abstract:
We develop and demonstrate the application of a concise set of measures
intended to encapsulate key features of the age profile of internal
migration and highlight the significant differences that exist between
nations in these profiles. Model schedules have been the most common
method of comparing internal migration patterns but issues related to the
estimation and interpretation of their parameters hinder their use for
cross-national comparison. We demonstrate that the interpretation of
exponential coefficients as rates of ascent and descent does not best
reflect the slopes of migration age profiles, and we propose more
consistent measures based on the rate of change in migration intensity. We
demonstrate, through correlation and factor analysis, that most of the
inter-country variance in migration age profiles is captured by the age at
and intensity of peak migration. The application of these two indicators
to 25 countries reveals significant differences between regions.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 179-195
Issue: 2
Volume: 68
Year: 2014
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2014.890243
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2014.890243
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:68:y:2014:i:2:p:179-195
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anna Matysiak
Author-X-Name-First: Anna
Author-X-Name-Last: Matysiak
Author-Name: Marta Styrc
Author-X-Name-First: Marta
Author-X-Name-Last: Styrc
Author-Name: Daniele Vignoli
Author-X-Name-First: Daniele
Author-X-Name-Last: Vignoli
Title: The educational gradient in marital disruption: A meta-analysis of European research findings
Abstract:
A large number of empirical studies have investigated the effects of
women's education on union dissolution in Europe, but results have varied
substantially. This paper seeks to assess the relationship between
educational attainment and the incidence of marital disruption by
systematizing the existing empirical evidence. A quantitative literature
review (a meta-analysis) was conducted to investigate the temporal change
in the relationship, net of inter-study differences. The results point to
a weakening of the positive educational gradient in marital disruption
over time and even to a reversal in the direction of this gradient in some
countries. The findings also show that the change in the educational
gradient can be linked to an increase in access to divorce. Finally, the
results suggest that women's empowerment has played an important role in
changing the educational gradient, while the liberalization of divorce
laws has not.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 197-215
Issue: 2
Volume: 68
Year: 2014
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2013.856459
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2013.856459
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:68:y:2014:i:2:p:197-215
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Francesco Scalone
Author-X-Name-First: Francesco
Author-X-Name-Last: Scalone
Title: Effects of nutritional stress and socio-economic status on maternal mortality in six German villages, 1766-1863
Abstract:
We examined the effects of nutritional stress on maternal mortality
arising from short-term economic crises in eighteenth-century and
nineteenth-century Germany, and how these effects might have been
mitigated by socio-economic status. Historical data from six German
villages were used to assess how socio-economic conditions and short-term
economic crises following poor harvests may have affected maternal
mortality. The results show that 1 year after an increase in grain prices
the risk of maternal death increased significantly amongst the wives of
those working outside the agricultural sector, and more so than for the
wives of those working on farms. Nutritional crises seem to have had a
significantly stronger impact on maternal mortality in the period 2-6
weeks after childbirth, when mothers were most prone to infections and
indirect, obstetrical causes of maternal death. The findings indicate that
both nutritional stress and socio-economic factors contributed to maternal
mortality.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 217-236
Issue: 2
Volume: 68
Year: 2014
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2013.821153
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2013.821153
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:68:y:2014:i:2:p:217-236
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Steve Smallwood
Author-X-Name-First: Steve
Author-X-Name-Last: Smallwood
Title: Population 10 Billion: The Coming Demographic Crisis and How to Survive It; 10 Billion
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 237-238
Issue: 2
Volume: 68
Year: 2014
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2014.889483
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2014.889483
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:68:y:2014:i:2:p:237-238
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anna Rotkirch
Author-X-Name-First: Anna
Author-X-Name-Last: Rotkirch
Title: Whither the Child? Causes and Consequences of Low Fertility
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 239-241
Issue: 2
Volume: 68
Year: 2014
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2014.902186
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2014.902186
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:68:y:2014:i:2:p:239-241
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alaka Malwade Basu
Author-X-Name-First: Alaka Malwade
Author-X-Name-Last: Basu
Title: Literacy and Mothering: How Women's Schooling Changes the Lives of the World's Children
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 241-244
Issue: 2
Volume: 68
Year: 2014
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2014.889481
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2014.889481
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:68:y:2014:i:2:p:241-244
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Karen Glaser
Author-X-Name-First: Karen
Author-X-Name-Last: Glaser
Title: Global Ageing in the Twentieth-First Century: Challenges, Opportunities and Implications
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 244-246
Issue: 2
Volume: 68
Year: 2014
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2014.890344
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2014.890344
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:68:y:2014:i:2:p:244-246
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Unnati Rani Saha
Author-X-Name-First: Unnati Rani
Author-X-Name-Last: Saha
Author-Name: Arthur van Soest
Author-X-Name-First: Arthur
Author-X-Name-Last: van Soest
Author-Name: Govert E. Bijwaard
Author-X-Name-First: Govert E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Bijwaard
Title: Cause-specific neonatal deaths in rural Bangladesh, 1987-2005: Levels, trends, and determinants
Abstract:
This paper reports on an analysis of neonatal mortality from communicable
and non-communicable diseases in Bangladesh. The competing-risks model
employed incorporated both observed and unobserved heterogeneity and
allowed the two heterogeneity terms to be correlated. The data used came
from the Health and Demographic Surveillance System, Matlab. The results
confirm the conclusions of previous studies about the levels, trends, and
causes of neonatal death in the Matlab area: the education of the mother
helps protect her children from death from both communicable and
non-communicable diseases; the children of a father in a low-status
occupation are particularly vulnerable to death from communicable
diseases; and children born to mothers aged less than 20 face a
particularly high risk of dying from a non-communicable disease. The risks
of dying from a communicable disease and from a non-communicable disease
were both found to fall significantly as the distance to the nearest
health centre decreased.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 247-263
Issue: 3
Volume: 68
Year: 2014
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2014.902094
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2014.902094
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:68:y:2014:i:3:p:247-263
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kristen Harknett
Author-X-Name-First: Kristen
Author-X-Name-Last: Harknett
Author-Name: Caroline Sten Hartnett
Author-X-Name-First: Caroline Sten
Author-X-Name-Last: Hartnett
Title: The gap between births intended and births achieved in 22 European countries, 2004-07
Abstract:
Using data from the 2004 and 2007 waves of the European Social Survey
(ESS), we find that for every 100 births intended, about 60 births occur,
on average, across 22 countries. This shortfall in fertility masks
substantial heterogeneity between subgroups within the populations
surveyed. Motherhood status, age, partnership status, and the strength of
fertility intentions moderate the relationship between women's
childbearing plans and births measured at the country level.
Individual-level analyses using data from three countries included in the
2005 and 2008 waves of the Generations and Gender Survey are consistent
with our country-level analyses. We demonstrate that repeat
cross-sectional data can be used to analyse the correspondence between
childbearing plans and births when longitudinal data are lacking.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 265-282
Issue: 3
Volume: 68
Year: 2014
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2014.899612
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2014.899612
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:68:y:2014:i:3:p:265-282
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Katherine Keenan
Author-X-Name-First: Katherine
Author-X-Name-Last: Keenan
Author-Name: Michael G. Kenward
Author-X-Name-First: Michael G.
Author-X-Name-Last: Kenward
Author-Name: Emily Grundy
Author-X-Name-First: Emily
Author-X-Name-Last: Grundy
Author-Name: David A. Leon
Author-X-Name-First: David A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Leon
Title: The impact of alcohol consumption on patterns of union formation in Russia 1998-2010: An assessment using longitudinal data
Abstract:
Using data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey, 1998-2010, we
investigated the extent to which patterns of alcohol consumption in Russia
are associated with the subsequent likelihood of entry into cohabitation
and marriage. Using discrete-time event history analysis we estimated for
16-50 year olds the extent to which the probabilities of entry into the
two types of union were affected by the amount of alcohol drunk and the
pattern of drinking, adjusted to allow for social and demographic factors
including income, employment, and health. The results show that
individuals who did not drink alcohol were less likely to embark on either
cohabitation or marriage, that frequent consumption of alcohol was
associated with a greater chance of entering unmarried cohabitation than
of entering into a marriage, and that heavy drinkers were less likely to
convert their relationship from cohabitation to marriage.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 283-303
Issue: 3
Volume: 68
Year: 2014
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2014.955045
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2014.955045
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:68:y:2014:i:3:p:283-303
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Weixiang Luo
Author-X-Name-First: Weixiang
Author-X-Name-Last: Luo
Author-Name: Yu Xie
Author-X-Name-First: Yu
Author-X-Name-Last: Xie
Title: Socio-economic disparities in mortality among the elderly in China
Abstract:
This longitudinal study of mortality among the elderly (65 and over) in
China used a large representative sample to examine the association
between mortality and three different socio-economic status (SES)
indicators--education, economic independence, and household income per
head. The results, while varying depending on the measures used, show that
there is strong evidence of a negative association between SES and overall
mortality. A cause-specific analysis shows that SES is more strongly
related to the reduction of mortality from more preventable causes, such
as circulatory disease and respiratory disease, than from less preventable
causes such as cancer. We also investigated the effects of three sets of
factors that may mediate the observed SES-mortality relationship: support
networks, health-related behaviours, and access to health care. The
results show that for both overall and cause-specific mortality, access to
health care is the most important of the three.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 305-320
Issue: 3
Volume: 68
Year: 2014
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2014.934908
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2014.934908
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:68:y:2014:i:3:p:305-320
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jessica Nisén
Author-X-Name-First: Jessica
Author-X-Name-Last: Nisén
Author-Name: Mikko Myrskylä
Author-X-Name-First: Mikko
Author-X-Name-Last: Myrskylä
Author-Name: Karri Silventoinen
Author-X-Name-First: Karri
Author-X-Name-Last: Silventoinen
Author-Name: Pekka Martikainen
Author-X-Name-First: Pekka
Author-X-Name-Last: Martikainen
Title: Effect of family background on the educational gradient in lifetime fertility of Finnish women born 1940-50
Abstract:
An inverse association between education and fertility in women has been
found in many societies but the causes of this association remain
inadequately understood. We investigated whether observed and unobserved
family-background characteristics explained educational differences in
lifetime fertility among 35,212 Finnish women born in 1940-50. Poisson and
logistic regression models, adjusted for measured socio-demographic
family-background characteristics and for unobserved family
characteristics shared by siblings, were used to analyse the relationship
between education and the number of children, having any children, and
fertility beyond the first child. The woman's education and the
socio-economic position of the family were negatively associated with
fertility. Observed family characteristics moderately (3-28 per cent)
explained the association between education and fertility, and results
from models including unobserved characteristics supported this
interpretation. The remaining association may represent a causal
relationship between education and fertility or joint preferences that
form independently of our measures of background.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 321-337
Issue: 3
Volume: 68
Year: 2014
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2014.913807
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2014.913807
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:68:y:2014:i:3:p:321-337
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: D. Walter Rasugu Omariba
Author-X-Name-First: D. Walter Rasugu
Author-X-Name-Last: Omariba
Author-Name: Edward Ng
Author-X-Name-First: Edward
Author-X-Name-Last: Ng
Author-Name: Bilkis Vissandjée
Author-X-Name-First: Bilkis
Author-X-Name-Last: Vissandjée
Title: Differences between immigrants at various durations of residence and host population in all-cause mortality, Canada 1991-2006
Abstract:
We used data from the 1991-2006 Canadian Census Mortality and Cancer
Follow-up Study to compare all-cause mortality for immigrants with that of
the Canadian-born population. The study addressed two related questions.
First, do immigrants have a mortality advantage over the Canadian-born?
Second, if immigrants have a mortality advantage, does it persist as their
duration of residence increases? The analysis fitted sex-stratified hazard
regression models for the overall sample and for selected countries of
birth (UK, China, India, Philippines, and the Caribbean). Predictors were
assessed at baseline. Mortality was lower among immigrants than the
Canadian-born even after adjusting for a selected group of
socio-demographic and socio-economic factors. The mortality differences
persisted even after long residence in Canada, but appeared to be
dependent on the age of the individual and the country of origin.
Interpreted in light of known explanations of immigrant mortality
advantage, the results mostly reflect selection effects.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 339-357
Issue: 3
Volume: 68
Year: 2014
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2014.915050
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2014.915050
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:68:y:2014:i:3:p:339-357
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Katherine Michelmore
Author-X-Name-First: Katherine
Author-X-Name-Last: Michelmore
Author-Name: Kelly Musick
Author-X-Name-First: Kelly
Author-X-Name-Last: Musick
Title: Fertility patterns of college graduates by field of study, US women born 1960-79
Abstract:
Building on recent European studies, we used the Survey of Income and
Program Participation to provide the first analysis of fertility
differences between groups of US college graduates by their undergraduate
field of study. We used multilevel event-history models to investigate
possible institutional and selection mechanisms linking field of study to
delayed fertility and childlessness. The results are consistent with those
found for Europe in showing an overall difference of 10 percentage points
between levels of childlessness across fields, with the lowest levels
occurring for women in health and education, intermediate levels for women
in science and technology, and the highest levels for women in arts and
social sciences. The mediating roles of the following field
characteristics were assessed: motherhood employment penalties; percentage
of men; family attitudes; and marriage patterns. Childlessness was higher
among women in fields with a moderate representation of men, less
traditional family attitudes, and late age at first marriage.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 359-374
Issue: 3
Volume: 68
Year: 2014
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2013.847971
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2013.847971
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:68:y:2014:i:3:p:359-374
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thomas Spoorenberg
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas
Author-X-Name-Last: Spoorenberg
Title: Reconciling discrepancies between registration-based and survey-based estimates of fertility in Mongolia
Abstract:
The two main data sources for the estimation of total fertility in
Mongolia give figures that differ by between one-half and one child per
woman. We investigated two possible explanations for these discrepancies:
(i) that data on births collected in the vital registration system are
incomplete and under-estimate fertility; and (ii) that fertility is
over-estimated when estimates are based on data from sample surveys. We
find that the under-counting of single women is the main source of the
discrepancies. After adjustment, survey-based fertility estimates are very
close to the figures based on data from the vital registration system. The
analysis underscores the risks of taking survey-based demographic
indicators as the 'Gold Standard'. Demographers need to undertake more
systematic studies on this important issue.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 375-382
Issue: 3
Volume: 68
Year: 2014
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2014.935461
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2014.935461
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:68:y:2014:i:3:p:375-382
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Heidi A. Hanson
Author-X-Name-First: Heidi A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hanson
Author-Name: Ken R. Smith
Author-X-Name-First: Ken R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Smith
Author-Name: Antoinette M. Stroup
Author-X-Name-First: Antoinette M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Stroup
Author-Name: C. Janna Harrell
Author-X-Name-First: C. Janna
Author-X-Name-Last: Harrell
Title: An age-period-cohort analysis of cancer incidence among the oldest old, Utah 1973-2002
Abstract:
We used age-period-cohort (APC) analyses to describe the simultaneous
effects of age, period, and cohort on cancer incidence rates in an attempt
to understand the population dynamics underlying their patterns among
those aged 85+. Data from the Utah Cancer Registry (UCR), the US Census,
the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), and the National Cancer
Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) programme
were used to generate age-specific estimates of cancer incidence at ages
65-99 from 1973 to 2002 for Utah. Our results showed increasing cancer
incidence rates up to the 85-89 age group followed by declines at ages
90-99 when not confounded by the separate influences of period and cohort
effects. We found significant period and cohort effects, suggesting the
role of environmental mechanisms in cancer incidence trends between the
ages of 85 and 100.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 7-22
Issue: 1
Volume: 69
Year: 2015
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2014.958192
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2014.958192
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:69:y:2015:i:1:p:7-22
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lisa D. Pearce
Author-X-Name-First: Lisa D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Pearce
Author-Name: Sarah R. Brauner-Otto
Author-X-Name-First: Sarah R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Brauner-Otto
Author-Name: Yingchun Ji
Author-X-Name-First: Yingchun
Author-X-Name-Last: Ji
Title: Explaining religious differentials in family-size preference: Evidence from Nepal in 1996
Abstract:
We examine how religio-ethnic identity, individual religiosity, and family
members' religiosity were related to preferred family size in Nepal in
1996. Analyses of survey data from the Chitwan Valley Family Study show
that socio-economic characteristics and individual experiences can
suppress, as well as largely account for, religio-ethnic differences in
fertility preference. These religio-ethnic differentials are associated
with variance in particularized theologies or general value orientations
(like son preference) across groups. In addition, individual and family
religiosity are both positively associated with preferred family size,
seemingly because of their association with religious beliefs-beliefs that
are likely to shape fertility strategies. These findings suggest the need
for improvements in how we conceptualize and measure supra-individual
religious influence in a variety of settings and for a range of
demographically interesting outcomes.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 23-37
Issue: 1
Volume: 69
Year: 2015
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2014.995695
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2014.995695
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:69:y:2015:i:1:p:23-37
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kimberly Singer Babiarz
Author-X-Name-First: Kimberly Singer
Author-X-Name-Last: Babiarz
Author-Name: Karen Eggleston
Author-X-Name-First: Karen
Author-X-Name-Last: Eggleston
Author-Name: Grant Miller
Author-X-Name-First: Grant
Author-X-Name-Last: Miller
Author-Name: Qiong Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Qiong
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Title: An exploration of China's mortality decline under Mao: A provincial analysis, 1950-80
Abstract:
Between 1950 and 1980, China experienced the most rapid sustained increase
in life expectancy of any population in documented global history. We know
of no study that has quantitatively assessed the relative importance of
the various explanations proposed for this gain in survival. We have
created and analysed a new, province-level panel data set spanning the
decades between 1950 and 1980 by combining historical information from
China's public health archives, official provincial yearbooks, and infant
and child mortality records contained in the 1988 National Survey of
Fertility and Contraception. Although exploratory, our results suggest
that gains in school enrolment and public health campaigns together are
associated with 55-70 per cent of China's dramatic reductions in
infant and under-5 mortality during our study period. These results
underscore the importance of non-medical determinants of population
health, and suggest that, in some circumstances, general education of the
population may amplify the effectiveness of public health interventions.
Supplementary material for this article
(Babiarz et al. 2014, Suppl.) is available at:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2014.972432
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 39-56
Issue: 1
Volume: 69
Year: 2015
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2014.972432
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2014.972432
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:69:y:2015:i:1:p:39-56
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Glenn Sandström
Author-X-Name-First: Glenn
Author-X-Name-Last: Sandström
Author-Name: Lotta Vikström
Author-X-Name-First: Lotta
Author-X-Name-Last: Vikström
Title: Sex preference for children in German villages during the fertility transition
Abstract:
In the past, parents' sex preferences for their children have proved
difficult to verify. This study used John Knodel's German village
genealogies of couples married between 1815 and 1899 to investigate sex
preferences for children during the fertility transition. Event history
analyses of couples' propensity to progress to a fifth parity was used to
test whether the probability of having additional children was influenced
by the sex composition of surviving children. It appears that son
preference influenced reproductive behaviour: couples having only girls
experienced significantly higher transition rates than those having only
boys or a mixed sibset. However, couples who married after about 1870
began to exhibit fertility behaviour consistent with the choice to have at
least one surviving boy and girl. This result represents a surprisingly
early move towards the symmetrical sex preference typical of modern
European populations.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 57-71
Issue: 1
Volume: 69
Year: 2015
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2014.994667
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2014.994667
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:69:y:2015:i:1:p:57-71
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Les Mayhew
Author-X-Name-First: Les
Author-X-Name-Last: Mayhew
Author-Name: David Smith
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Smith
Title: On the decomposition of life expectancy and limits to life
Abstract:
Life expectancy is a measure of how long people are expected to live and
is widely used as a measure of human development. Variations in the
measure reflect not only the process of ageing but also the impacts of
such events as epidemics, wars, and economic recessions. Since 1950, the
influence of these events in the most developed countries has waned and
life expectancy continues to lengthen unabated. As a result, it has become
more difficult to forecast long-run trends accurately, or identify
possible upper limits. We present new methods for comparing past
improvements in life expectancy and also future prospects, using data from
five developed, low-mortality countries. We consider life expectancy in
10-year age intervals rather than over the remaining lifetime, and show
how natural limits to life expectancy can be used to extrapolate trends.
We discuss the implications and compare our approach with other commonly
used methods.Supplementary material for this article is available at:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2014.972433
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 73-89
Issue: 1
Volume: 69
Year: 2015
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2014.972433
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2014.972433
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:69:y:2015:i:1:p:73-89
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ting Li
Author-X-Name-First: Ting
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Author-Name: James J. Anderson
Author-X-Name-First: James J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Anderson
Title: The Strehler-Mildvan correlation from the perspective of a two-process vitality model
Abstract:
The Strehler and Mildvan (SM) general theory of ageing and mortality
provides a mechanism-based explanation of Gompertz's law and predicts a
log-linear relationship between the two Gompertz coefficients, known as
the SM correlation. While the SM correlation is supported by data from
developed countries before the second half of the twentieth century, the
recent breakdown of the correlation pattern in these countries has
prompted demographers to conclude that SM theory needs to be reassessed.
In this paper we use a newly developed two-process vitality model to
explain the SM correlation and its breakdown in terms of asynchronous
trends in acute (extrinsic) and chronic (intrinsic) mortality factors. We
propose that the mortality change in the first half of the twentieth
century is largely determined by the elimination of immediate hazards to
death, whereas the mortality change in the second half is primarily driven
by the slowdown of the deterioration rate of intrinsic survival capacity.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 91-104
Issue: 1
Volume: 69
Year: 2015
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2014.992358
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2014.992358
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:69:y:2015:i:1:p:91-104
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kazunori Murakoshi
Author-X-Name-First: Kazunori
Author-X-Name-Last: Murakoshi
Title: Mabiki: Infanticide and Population Growth in Eastern Japan, 1660-1950
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 123-125
Issue: 1
Volume: 69
Year: 2015
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2014.969573
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2014.969573
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:69:y:2015:i:1:p:123-125
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ronald Skeldon
Author-X-Name-First: Ronald
Author-X-Name-Last: Skeldon
Title: Culling the Masses: The Democratic Origins of Racist Immigration Policy in the Americas
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 125-126
Issue: 1
Volume: 69
Year: 2015
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2014.975006
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2014.975006
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:69:y:2015:i:1:p:125-126
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rebecca Sear
Author-X-Name-First: Rebecca
Author-X-Name-Last: Sear
Title: How We Do It: The Evolution and Future of Human Reproduction
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 126-127
Issue: 1
Volume: 69
Year: 2015
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2014.969574
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2014.969574
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:69:y:2015:i:1:p:126-127
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stuart Basten
Author-X-Name-First: Stuart
Author-X-Name-Last: Basten
Title: The Family and Social Change in Chinese Societies
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 127-128
Issue: 1
Volume: 69
Year: 2015
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2014.969575
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2014.969575
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:69:y:2015:i:1:p:127-128
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David Coleman
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Coleman
Author-Name: Stuart Basten
Author-X-Name-First: Stuart
Author-X-Name-Last: Basten
Author-Name: Francesco C. Billari
Author-X-Name-First: Francesco C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Billari
Title: Population--The long view
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: S1-S9
Issue: sup1
Volume: 69
Year: 2015
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2015.1017346
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2015.1017346
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:69:y:2015:i:sup1:p:S1-S9
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Francesco C. Billari
Author-X-Name-First: Francesco C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Billari
Title: Integrating macro- and micro-level approaches in the explanation of population change
Abstract:
Demographers study population change across time and place, and
traditionally they place a strong emphasis on a long-range view of
population change. This paper builds on current reflections on how to
structure the study of population change and proposes a two-stage
perspective. The first stage, discovery, focuses on the production of
novel evidence at the population level. The second stage, explanation,
develops accounts of demographic change and tests how the action and
interaction of individuals generate what is discovered in the first stage.
This explanatory stage also provides the foundation for the prediction of
demographic change. The transformation of micro-level actions and
interactions into macro-level population outcomes is identified as a key
challenge for the second stage. Specific instances of research are
discussed.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: S11-S20
Issue: sup1
Volume: 69
Year: 2015
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2015.1009712
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2015.1009712
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:69:y:2015:i:sup1:p:S11-S20
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Massimo Livi-Bacci
Author-X-Name-First: Massimo
Author-X-Name-Last: Livi-Bacci
Title: What we can and cannot learn from the history of world population
Abstract:
Mankind is passing through an exceptional phase of accelerated population
growth that generates anxiety about the future. How many billion people
will share the limited resources of our globe a century from now? What
will be the consequences of globalization for human behaviour? How will
individuals react to emerging new constraints? What will be the
consequences of climate change for human society? Obviously enough,
history cannot offer operational answers to these crucial questions.
Nevertheless, history offers some interesting insights into demographic
behaviour experienced in the past that could be replicated in the future,
with the variations and adaptations dictated by the changing contexts. In
other words, there are constants and structures in human behaviour, and
there are robust mechanisms in the functioning of demographic systems that
are of some help in preparing us to deal with the future.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: S21-S28
Issue: sup1
Volume: 69
Year: 2015
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2014.975909
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2014.975909
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:69:y:2015:i:sup1:p:S21-S28
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Philip Kreager
Author-X-Name-First: Philip
Author-X-Name-Last: Kreager
Title: Population theory--A long view
Abstract:
Any attempt to take a long view of population research, its findings, and
applications is bound to raise questions about the state of population
theory. Recent research on the history of population thought enables us to
include a much more complete account of classical and early modern
sources, and of parallel and complementary developments in population
biology. This paper considers four major shifts in the conceptual and
empirical ambitions of population inquiry over the long term. In general,
major conceptual developments in ideas about population reflect major
shifts in political and biological theory. The nature of population in
European science and society was substantially established before
demography emerged as a twentieth-century academic discipline focused
chiefly on fertility and mortality. A long view suggests that demography
is currently in the course of a shift that constructively re-integrates it
with the wider field of scientific and historical population thinking.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: S29-S37
Issue: sup1
Volume: 69
Year: 2015
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2014.981095
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2014.981095
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:69:y:2015:i:sup1:p:S29-S37
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rebecca Sear
Author-X-Name-First: Rebecca
Author-X-Name-Last: Sear
Title: Evolutionary contributions to the study of human fertility
Abstract:
Demography, lacking an overarching theoretical framework of its own, has
drawn on theories in many other social sciences to inform its analyses.
The aim of this paper is to bring to the demographic community's attention
research in the evolutionary sciences on fertility, and to demonstrate
that evolutionary theory can be another useful tool in the demographer's
toolkit. I first dispel some myths which impede the incorporation of
evolutionary theory into demography: I make it clear that evolutionary
explanations do not assume that all human behaviour is hardwired and
functions to maximize genetic fitness; that they are able to explain
variation in human behaviour; and that they are not necessarily
alternatives to social science explanations. I then describe the diversity
of work on fertility by evolutionary researchers, particularly human
evolutionary ecologists and cultural evolutionists, and illustrate the
usefulness of the evolutionary approach with examples of its application
to age at first birth and the fertility transition.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: S39-S55
Issue: sup1
Volume: 69
Year: 2015
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2014.982905
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2014.982905
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:69:y:2015:i:sup1:p:S39-S55
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David S. Reher
Author-X-Name-First: David S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Reher
Title: Baby booms, busts, and population ageing in the developed world
Abstract:
The key challenge facing contemporary society is a process of population
ageing rooted mainly in past fertility cycles. The goals of the study
reported in this paper were (i) to analyse jointly the post-1930s baby
boom and the baby bust that followed, (ii) to consider the specific ways
this particular combination influenced the process of ageing in different
societies, and (iii) to evaluate some possible implications for policy of
different historical experiences. Demographic time series for 27 nations
in the developed world were used. The main results confirm the importance
of the boom and bust fertility cycle of the second half of the twentieth
century for population ageing. Some countries will experience ageing
processes driven mainly by the growth of elderly populations while others
will age largely as a result of declines in working-age populations. These
differences underscore the need to tailor policy priorities for specific
patterns of ageing.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: S57-S68
Issue: sup1
Volume: 69
Year: 2015
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2014.963421
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2014.963421
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:69:y:2015:i:sup1:p:S57-S68
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wolfgang Lutz
Author-X-Name-First: Wolfgang
Author-X-Name-Last: Lutz
Author-Name: Erich Striessnig
Author-X-Name-First: Erich
Author-X-Name-Last: Striessnig
Title: Demographic aspects of climate change mitigation and adaptation
Abstract:
This paper addresses the contribution of changes in population size and
structures to greenhouse gas emissions and to the capacity to adapt to
climate change. The paper goes beyond the conventional focus on the
changing composition by age and sex. It does so by addressing explicitly
the changing composition of the population by level of educational
attainment, taking into account new evidence about the effect of
educational attainment in reducing significantly the vulnerability of
populations to climatic challenges. This evidence, which has inspired a
new generation of socio-economic climate change scenarios, is summarized.
While the earlier IPCC-SRES (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change--Special Report on Emissions Scenarios) scenarios only included
alternative trajectories for total population size (treating population
essentially as a scaling parameter), the Shared Socio-economic Pathways
(SSPs) in the new scenarios were designed to capture the socio-economic
challenges to climate change mitigation and adaptation, and include full
age, sex, and education details for all countries.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: S69-S76
Issue: sup1
Volume: 69
Year: 2015
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2014.969929
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2014.969929
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:69:y:2015:i:sup1:p:S69-S76
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul Demeny
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Demeny
Title: Sub-replacement fertility in national populations: Can it be raised?
Abstract:
This paper comments on the four main functions demographers perform:
fact-finding, analysis, prediction, and policymaking. Successes in the
first two of these are counterbalanced by weakness in predictive ability.
The focus of the comments, however, is on policy. Demographers were
influential in promoting efforts to lower very high fertility but are
ineffectual in proposing policies that could reverse the tendency of
fertility to sink well below replacement levels. The paper argues for a
break from exclusive reliance on the standard measures of modern welfare
states intended to raise fertility and urges exploration of radically new
approaches. Two promising innovations are briefly outlined: one would give
the right to vote to all citizens regardless of age, the voting right of
minors being exercised by parental proxy, and another that would reform
state-administered pension schemes by arranging a direct transfer of
working children's mandatory contributions to social security funds to
their retired parents.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: S77-S85
Issue: sup1
Volume: 69
Year: 2015
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2014.962930
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2014.962930
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:69:y:2015:i:sup1:p:S77-S85
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael S. Teitelbaum
Author-X-Name-First: Michael S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Teitelbaum
Title: Political demography: Powerful trends under-attended by demographic science
Abstract:
The interconnections between politics and the dramatic demographic changes
under way around the world have been neglected by the two research
disciplines that could contribute most to their understanding: demography
and political science. Instead, this area of 'political demography' has
largely been ceded to political activists, pundits, and journalists,
leading often to exaggerated or garbled interpretation. The terrain
includes some of the most politically sensitive and contested issues:
alleged demographically determined shifts in the international balance of
power; low fertility, population decline, and demographic ageing;
international migration; change in national identity; and compositional
shifts in politically sensitive social categories and human rights.
Meanwhile many governments and non-governmental actors have actively
pursued varieties of 'strategic demography', deploying fertility,
mortality, or migration as instruments of domestic or international
policy. Political scientists and demographers could and should use their
knowledge and analytic techniques to improve understanding and to moderate
excessive claims and fears on these topics.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: S87-S95
Issue: sup1
Volume: 69
Year: 2015
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2014.977638
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2014.977638
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:69:y:2015:i:sup1:p:S87-S95
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stuart Basten
Author-X-Name-First: Stuart
Author-X-Name-Last: Basten
Author-Name: Quanbao Jiang
Author-X-Name-First: Quanbao
Author-X-Name-Last: Jiang
Title: Fertility in China: An uncertain future
Abstract:
As one of the world's two population 'billionaires', the future of China's
population is truly of global significance. With its very low fertility
and a rapidly ageing population, it might appear that the country's famous
(or notorious) family planning restrictions are somewhat anachronistic.
Here, we explore the process of reform seen over the past three decades
and, most recently, in late 2013. We suggest that the popular notion that
the family planning restrictions are acting as a pressure valve
suppressing a pent-up demand for childbearing, particularly in rural
China, is likely to be inaccurate. We also suggest that further reform of
the restrictions will not solve the problems of population ageing or many
of the other issues widely associated with the restrictions. We conclude
that the prospects for further reform are wide-ranging, but likely to be
beset by many challenges.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: S97-S105
Issue: sup1
Volume: 69
Year: 2015
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2014.982898
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2014.982898
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:69:y:2015:i:sup1:p:S97-S105
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David Coleman
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Coleman
Author-Name: Stuart Basten
Author-X-Name-First: Stuart
Author-X-Name-Last: Basten
Title: The Death of the West: An alternative view
Abstract:
Much has been written about the 'Death of the West', a demise threatened
by the low level of reproduction in Western countries. That fate is
contrasted unfavourably with the rapid growth of the populations and
economies of less developed countries, and the prospect of the numerical
and political marginalization of the formerly dominant developed world. We
believe that trends in European fertility have been misunderstood and
that, with effort and some pain, their consequences for age structure are
manageable. Many European societies also enjoy the advantages of
demographic and social maturity, the resilience of established consensual
democratic institutions, the rule of law, and civil society. The sizes of
China and India raise problems of resource sustainability and
vulnerability to climate change. China risks falling into a low-fertility
trap, reinforced by urban working conditions unfriendly to family
formation. Traditional patriarchal and familist cultures may depress
fertility rates to unhelpfully low levels in other less developed
countries.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: S107-S118
Issue: sup1
Volume: 69
Year: 2015
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2014.970401
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2014.970401
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:69:y:2015:i:sup1:p:S107-S118
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Felix C. Tropf
Author-X-Name-First: Felix C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Tropf
Author-Name: Nicola Barban
Author-X-Name-First: Nicola
Author-X-Name-Last: Barban
Author-Name: Melinda C. Mills
Author-X-Name-First: Melinda C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Mills
Author-Name: Harold Snieder
Author-X-Name-First: Harold
Author-X-Name-Last: Snieder
Author-Name: Jornt J. Mandemakers
Author-X-Name-First: Jornt J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Mandemakers
Title: Genetic influence on age at first birth of female twins born in the UK, 1919-68
Abstract:
Using a sample of monozygotic (945, 42 per cent) and dizygotic (1,329, 58
per cent) twin pairs born 1919�68 in the UK, we applied innovative tobit
models to investigate genetic and environmental influences on age at first
birth (AFB). We found that a substantial part (40 per cent) of the variation
in AFB is caused by latent family characteristics. Genetic dispositions
(26 per cent) play a more important role than the shared environment of
siblings (14 per cent), with the non-shared environment/measurement error
having the strongest influence (60 per cent). Like previous studies, this
study reveals marked changes in estimates over time, and supports the idea
that environmental constraints (war or economic crisis) suppress and
normative freedom (sexual revolution) promotes the activation of genetic
predispositions that affect fertility. We show that the exclusion of
censored information (i.e., on the childless) by previous studies biased
their results.
Supplementary material for this article is available at:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2015.1056823
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 129-145
Issue: 2
Volume: 69
Year: 2015
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2015.1019955
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2015.1056823
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:69:y:2015:i:2:p:129-145
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Vladimir Canudas-Romo
Author-X-Name-First: Vladimir
Author-X-Name-Last: Canudas-Romo
Author-Name: Michel Guillot
Author-X-Name-First: Michel
Author-X-Name-Last: Guillot
Title: Truncated cross-sectional average length of life: A measure for comparing the mortality history of cohorts
Abstract:
Period life expectancies are commonly used to compare populations, but
these correspond to simple juxtapositions of current mortality levels. In
order to construct life expectancies for cohorts, a complete historical
series of mortality rates is needed, and these are available for only a
subset of developed countries. The truncated cross-sectional average
length of life (TCAL) is a new measure that captures historical
information about all cohorts present at a given moment and is not limited
to countries with complete cohort mortality data. The value of TCAL
depends on the rates used to complete the cohort series, but differences
between TCALs of two populations remain similar irrespective of the data
used to complete the cohort series. This result is illustrated by a
comparison of TCALs for the US with those for Denmark, Japan, and other
high-longevity countries. Specific cohorts that account for most of the
disparity in mortality between the populations are
identified.Supplementary material for this article is available at:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2015.1019955
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 147-159
Issue: 2
Volume: 69
Year: 2015
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2015.1019955
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2015.1019955
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:69:y:2015:i:2:p:147-159
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yuyu Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Yuyu
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Author-Name: Avraham Ebenstein
Author-X-Name-First: Avraham
Author-X-Name-Last: Ebenstein
Author-Name: Lena Edlund
Author-X-Name-First: Lena
Author-X-Name-Last: Edlund
Author-Name: Hongbin Li
Author-X-Name-First: Hongbin
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Title: Girl adoption in China--A less-known side of son preference
Abstract:
In 1987, 4 per cent of girls were adopted within China. Why? Unlike
infanticide, abandonment rids parents of daughters while preserving the
supply of potential brides. In fact, an erstwhile tradition common in
Fujian and Jiangxi provinces had parents of sons adopting an infant girl
to serve as a future daughter-in-law and household help. Analysing a
nationally representative 1992 survey of children, we found that: (1) girl
adoptions were concentrated in the above-mentioned provinces; (2) girls
were predominantly adopted by families with sons; (3) adopted girls faced
substantial disadvantage as measured by school attendance at ages 8-13. In
the 1990s, as the sex ratio at birth climbed, were girls aborted rather
than abandoned? Observing that in the 2000 census too many girls appear in
families with older sons, we estimated that at least 1/25 girls were
abandoned in the 1990s, a proportion that in Fujian and Jiangxi may have
peaked at 1/10 in 1994.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 161-178
Issue: 2
Volume: 69
Year: 2015
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2015.1009253
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2015.1009253
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:69:y:2015:i:2:p:161-178
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stefan Öberg
Author-X-Name-First: Stefan
Author-X-Name-Last: Öberg
Title: The direct effect of exposure to disease in early life on the height of young adult men in southern Sweden, 1814-1948
Abstract:
This paper considers whether short-term variation in exposure to disease
early in life, as measured by a variety of mortality rates, has an effect
on the height of young adults. Height information for men born in southern
Sweden, 1814-1948, and included in the Scanian Economic Demographic
Database (SEDD), was obtained from records of medical inspections carried
out as part of Sweden's system of universal conscription. Community-level
infant mortality rates were calculated not only by year of birth but also
for time in utero and in the first year of life. Comparison between
brothers was used to remove the influence of confounding factors. The
results suggest that any effect that exposure to disease in early life, as
measured by mortality rates, may have had on height, either through
selection or scarring, is likely to have been very weak.
Supplementary material for this article is available at:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2015.1045545
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 179-199
Issue: 2
Volume: 69
Year: 2015
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2015.1045545
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2015.1045545
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:69:y:2015:i:2:p:179-199
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Patrick Heuveline
Author-X-Name-First: Patrick
Author-X-Name-Last: Heuveline
Title: The boundaries of genocide: Quantifying the uncertainty of the death toll during the Pol Pot regime in Cambodia (1975-79)
Abstract:
The range of estimates of excess deaths under Pol Pot's rule of Cambodia
(1975-79) is too wide to be useful: they range from under 1 to over 3
million, with the more plausible estimates still varying from 1 to 2
million. By stochastically reconstructing population dynamics in Cambodia
from extant historical and demographic data, we produced interpretable
distributions of the death toll and other demographic indicators. The
resulting 95 per cent simulation interval (1.2-2.8 million excess deaths)
demonstrates substantial uncertainty over the exact scale of mortality,
yet it still excludes nearly half of the previous death-toll estimates.
The 1.5-2.25 million interval contains 69 per cent of the simulations for
the actual number of excess deaths, more than the wider (1-2 million)
range of previous plausible estimates. The median value of 1.9 million
excess deaths represents 21 per cent of the population at
risk.Supplementary material for this article is available at:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2015.1045546
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 201-218
Issue: 2
Volume: 69
Year: 2015
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2015.1045546
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2015.1045546
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:69:y:2015:i:2:p:201-218
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Peter Glick
Author-X-Name-First: Peter
Author-X-Name-Last: Glick
Author-Name: Christopher Handy
Author-X-Name-First: Christopher
Author-X-Name-Last: Handy
Author-Name: David E. Sahn
Author-X-Name-First: David E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Sahn
Title: Schooling, marriage, and age at first birth in Madagascar
Abstract:
The low school attainment, early marriage, and low age at first birth of
females are major policy concerns in less developed countries. This study
jointly estimated the determinants of educational attainment, marriage
age, and age at first birth among females aged 12-25 in Madagascar,
explicitly accounting for the endogeneities that arose from modelling
these related outcomes simultaneously. An additional year of schooling
results in a delay to marriage of 1.5 years and marrying 1 year later
delays age at first birth by 0.5 years. Parents' education and wealth also
have important effects on schooling, marriage, and age at first birth,
with a woman's first birth being delayed by 0.75 years if her mother had 4
additional years of schooling. Overall, our results provide rigorous
evidence for the critical role of education--both individual women's own
and that of their parents--in delaying the marriage and fertility of young
women.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 219-236
Issue: 2
Volume: 69
Year: 2015
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2015.1053513
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2015.1053513
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:69:y:2015:i:2:p:219-236
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nicole Hiekel
Author-X-Name-First: Nicole
Author-X-Name-Last: Hiekel
Author-Name: Aart C. Liefbroer
Author-X-Name-First: Aart C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Liefbroer
Author-Name: Anne-Rigt Poortman
Author-X-Name-First: Anne-Rigt
Author-X-Name-Last: Poortman
Title: Marriage and separation risks among German cohabiters: Differences between types of cohabiter
Abstract:
We propose a typology of different meanings of cohabitation that combines
cohabiters' intentions to marry with a general attitude toward
marriage, using competing risk analyses to examine whether some cohabiters
are more prone than others to marry or to separate. Using data (N = 1,258)
from four waves of the German Family Panel (PAIRFAM) and a supplementary
study (DEMODIFF), we compared eastern and western German cohabiters of the
birth cohorts 1971-73 and 1981-83.
Western Germans more frequently view cohabitation as a step in the
marriage process, whereas eastern Germans more often cohabit as an
alternative to marriage. Taking into account marital attitudes reveals
that cohabiters without marriage plans differ from those with plans in
their relationship careers, and also shows that cohabiters who plan to
marry despite holding a less favourable view of marriage are less likely
to realize their plans than cohabiters whose intentions and attitudes are
more congruent.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 237-251
Issue: 2
Volume: 69
Year: 2015
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2015.1037334
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2015.1037334
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:69:y:2015:i:2:p:237-251
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Connell
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Connell
Title: Sustainable Futures: Linking Population, Resources and the Environment
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 253-254
Issue: 2
Volume: 69
Year: 2015
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2015.1052238
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2015.1052238
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:69:y:2015:i:2:p:253-254
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kevin McQuillan
Author-X-Name-First: Kevin
Author-X-Name-Last: McQuillan
Title: Yearbook of International Religious Demography 2014
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 254-255
Issue: 2
Volume: 69
Year: 2015
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2015.1052240
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2015.1052240
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:69:y:2015:i:2:p:254-255
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Cleland
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Cleland
Title: World Population & Human Capital in the Twenty-First Century
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 255-257
Issue: 2
Volume: 69
Year: 2015
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2015.1057371
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2015.1057371
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:69:y:2015:i:2:p:255-257
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sergio Cremaschi
Author-X-Name-First: Sergio
Author-X-Name-Last: Cremaschi
Title: Malthus: The Life and Legacies of an Untimely Prophet
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 257-259
Issue: 2
Volume: 69
Year: 2015
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2015.1028796
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2015.1028796
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:69:y:2015:i:2:p:257-259
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michel Guillot
Author-X-Name-First: Michel
Author-X-Name-Last: Guillot
Title: Tools for Demographic Estimation
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 259-260
Issue: 2
Volume: 69
Year: 2015
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2015.1052239
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2015.1052239
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:69:y:2015:i:2:p:259-260
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Daniel Goodkind
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel
Author-X-Name-Last: Goodkind
Title: The claim that China's fertility restrictions contributed to the use of prenatal sex selection: A sceptical reappraisal
Abstract:
Most observers assume that China's fertility restrictions contribute to
the use of prenatal sex selection. I question the logic and evidence
underlying that assumption. Experts often stress that China's low
fertility is largely voluntary, and that fertility restrictions are an
unneeded safety valve. Others claim that China's '1.5-child' loophole,
common throughout rural areas, reinforces son preference or intensifies
prenatal sex discrimination by hardening fertility constraints. These
claims defy logic upon closer examination. Moreover, almost two-thirds of
the exceptional distortion of the sex ratio in 1.5-child areas results
from excess underreporting of daughters and enforced sex-specific
stopping. Prenatal sex selection may explain the remaining third but
probably reflects the stronger rural son preference that led to the
1.5-child loophole itself. The recent surge in sex selection of first
births that has perpetuated the distortions also seems unrelated to
policy. Some son-preferring parents who formerly wanted two children may
now genuinely want only one.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 263-279
Issue: 3
Volume: 69
Year: 2015
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2015.1103565
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2015.1103565
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:69:y:2015:i:3:p:263-279
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lawrence L. Wu
Author-X-Name-First: Lawrence L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wu
Author-Name: Steven P. Martin
Author-X-Name-First: Steven P.
Author-X-Name-Last: Martin
Title: Premarital first births: The influence of the timing of sexual onset versus post-onset risks in the United States
Abstract:
Motivated by long-standing debates between abstinence proponents and
sceptics, we examine how socio-economic factors influence premarital first
births via: (i) age at first sexual intercourse and (ii) the risk of a
premarital first birth following the onset of sexual activity. Factors
associated with an earlier age at first intercourse will imply more
premarital first births owing to increased exposure to risk, but many of
these same factors will also be associated with higher risks of a
premarital first birth following onset. Our analyses confirm previous
findings that women from disadvantaged backgrounds are younger at first
intercourse and have higher premarital first-birth risks than women from
more advantaged backgrounds. However, differences in onset timing have a
strikingly smaller influence on premarital first-birth probabilities than
do differences in post-onset risks. Our findings thus suggest that
premarital first births result primarily from differences in post-onset
risk behaviours as opposed to differences in onset timing.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 281-297
Issue: 3
Volume: 69
Year: 2015
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2015.1100318
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2015.1100318
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:69:y:2015:i:3:p:281-297
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christophe Z. Guilmoto
Author-X-Name-First: Christophe Z.
Author-X-Name-Last: Guilmoto
Title: Mapping the diversity of gender preferences and sex imbalances in Indonesia in 2010
Abstract:
Indonesia is usually viewed as a country free of the acute forms of gender
discrimination observed elsewhere in East or South Asia, a situation often
ascribed to Indonesia's bilateral kinship system. I re-examine this
hypothesis by focusing on ethnic and regional variations in sex
differentials. New indicators of marriage practices and gender bias
derived from 2010 census microdata highlight the presence of patrilocal
patterns as well as a distinct presence of son preference in fertility
behaviour in many parts of the archipelago. I also present evidence for
excessive child sex ratios and excess mortality of females in some areas
that appear to be related to son preference and patrilocal residence
systems. The findings confirm the association between son preference, sex
differentials in mortality, prenatal sex selection, and kinship systems. I
conclude with a more regional perspective on demographic vulnerability of
females, distinguishing bilateral South East Asia from more patrilineal
Melanesia.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 299-315
Issue: 3
Volume: 69
Year: 2015
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2015.1091603
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2015.1091603
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:69:y:2015:i:3:p:299-315
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Han Lin Shang
Author-X-Name-First: Han Lin
Author-X-Name-Last: Shang
Title: Statistically tested comparisons of the accuracy of forecasting methods for age-specific and sex-specific mortality and life expectancy
Abstract:
Although there are continuing developments in the methods for forecasting
mortality, there are few comparisons of the accuracy of the forecasts. The
subject of the statistical validity of these comparisons, which is
essential to demographic forecasting, has all but been ignored. We
introduce Friedman's test statistics to examine whether the differences in
point and interval forecast accuracies are statistically significant
between methods. We introduce the Nemenyi test statistic to identify which
methods give results that are statistically significantly different from
others. Using sex-specific and age-specific data from 20 countries, we
apply these two test statistics to examine the forecast accuracy obtained
from several principal component methods, which can be categorized into
coherent and non-coherent forecasting methods.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 317-335
Issue: 3
Volume: 69
Year: 2015
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2015.1074268
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2015.1074268
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:69:y:2015:i:3:p:317-335
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Avraham Ebenstein
Author-X-Name-First: Avraham
Author-X-Name-Last: Ebenstein
Author-Name: Yaohui Zhao
Author-X-Name-First: Yaohui
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao
Title: Tracking rural-to-urban migration in China: Lessons from the 2005 inter-census population survey
Abstract:
We examined migration in China using the 2005 inter-census population
survey, in which migrants were registered at both their place of original
(hukou) residence and at their destination. We find evidence that the
estimated number of internal migrants in China is extremely sensitive to
the enumeration method. We estimate that the traditional destination-based
survey method fails to account for more than a third of migrants found
using comparable origin-based methods. The 'missing' migrants are
disproportionately young, male, and holders of rural hukou. We find that
origin-based methods are more effective at capturing migrants who travel
short distances for short periods, whereas destination-based methods are
more effective when entire households have migrated and no remaining
family members are located at the hukou location. We conclude with a set
of policy recommendations for the design of population surveys in
countries with large migrant populations.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 337-353
Issue: 3
Volume: 69
Year: 2015
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2015.1065342
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2015.1065342
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:69:y:2015:i:3:p:337-353
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tak Wing Chan
Author-X-Name-First: Tak Wing
Author-X-Name-Last: Chan
Author-Name: John Ermisch
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Ermisch
Title: Residential proximity of parents and their adult offspring in the United Kingdom, 2009-10
Abstract:
Using data from a large household survey representative of the UK
population, we studied how closely parents and adult children live to each
other. We show that residential mobility over the life course tends to
increase with the physical distance between the homes of parent and child.
There are large differences in intergenerational proximity between the
foreign-born and UK-born, and between ethnic groups. The determinants of
intergenerational proximity from the parent's viewpoint are not identical
to those from the child's viewpoint. Contrary to the findings of some
earlier studies, intergenerational proximity, from the child's viewpoint,
does not vary with the number of siblings. But from the parent's
viewpoint, having more children is unambiguously associated with a higher
probability of living close to at least one child. We end with a brief
discussion of some possible implications of several long-term demographic
trends in the UK for intergenerational proximity.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 355-372
Issue: 3
Volume: 69
Year: 2015
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2015.1107126
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2015.1107126
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:69:y:2015:i:3:p:355-372
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Heini Väisänen
Author-X-Name-First: Heini
Author-X-Name-Last: Väisänen
Title: The association between education and induced abortion for three cohorts of adults in Finland
Abstract:
This paper explores whether the likelihood of abortion by education
changed over time in Finland, where comprehensive family planning services
and sexuality education have been available since the early 1970s. This
subject has not previously been studied longitudinally with comprehensive
and reliable data. A unique longitudinal set of register data of more than
250,000 women aged 20-49 born in 1955-59, 1965-69, and 1975-79 was
analysed, using descriptive statistics, concentration curves, and
discrete-time event-history models. Women with basic education had a
higher likelihood of abortion than others and the association grew
stronger for later cohorts. Selection into education may explain this
phenomenon: although it was fairly common to have only basic education in
the 1955-59 cohort, it became increasingly unusual over time. Thus, even
though family planning services were easily available, socio-economic
differences in the likelihood of abortion remained.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 373-388
Issue: 3
Volume: 69
Year: 2015
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2015.1083608
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2015.1083608
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:69:y:2015:i:3:p:373-388
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Philip Kreager
Author-X-Name-First: Philip
Author-X-Name-Last: Kreager
Title: Les theories de la fécondité
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 389-390
Issue: 3
Volume: 69
Year: 2015
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2015.1086085
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2015.1086085
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:69:y:2015:i:3:p:389-390
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ronald Skeldon
Author-X-Name-First: Ronald
Author-X-Name-Last: Skeldon
Title: Globalising Migration History: The Eurasian Experience (16th-21st Centuries)
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 391-392
Issue: 3
Volume: 69
Year: 2015
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2015.1073461
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2015.1073461
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:69:y:2015:i:3:p:391-392
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John F. May
Author-X-Name-First: John F.
Author-X-Name-Last: May
Title: Continuity and Change in Sub-Saharan African Demography
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 392-393
Issue: 3
Volume: 69
Year: 2015
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2015.1064605
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2015.1064605
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:69:y:2015:i:3:p:392-393
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jakub Bijak
Author-X-Name-First: Jakub
Author-X-Name-Last: Bijak
Author-Name: John Bryant
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Bryant
Title: Bayesian demography 250 years after Bayes
Abstract:
Bayesian statistics offers an alternative to classical (frequentist)
statistics. It is distinguished by its use of probability distributions to
describe uncertain quantities, which leads to elegant solutions to many
difficult statistical problems. Although Bayesian demography, like
Bayesian statistics more generally, is around 250 years old, only
recently has it begun to flourish. The aim of this paper is to review the
achievements of Bayesian demography, address some misconceptions, and make
the case for wider use of Bayesian methods in population studies. We focus
on three applications: demographic forecasts, limited data, and highly
structured or complex models. The key advantages of Bayesian methods are
the ability to integrate information from multiple sources and to describe
uncertainty coherently. Bayesian methods also allow for including
additional (prior) information next to the data sample. As such, Bayesian
approaches are complementary to many traditional methods, which can be
productively re-expressed in Bayesian terms.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 1-19
Issue: 1
Volume: 70
Year: 2016
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2015.1122826
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2015.1122826
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:70:y:2016:i:1:p:1-19
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mark C. Wheldon
Author-X-Name-First: Mark C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Wheldon
Author-Name: Adrian E. Raftery
Author-X-Name-First: Adrian E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Raftery
Author-Name: Samuel J. Clark
Author-X-Name-First: Samuel J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Clark
Author-Name: Patrick Gerland
Author-X-Name-First: Patrick
Author-X-Name-Last: Gerland
Title: Bayesian population reconstruction of female populations for less developed and more developed countries
Abstract:
We show that Bayesian population reconstruction, a recent method for
estimating past populations by age, works for data of widely varying
quality. Bayesian reconstruction simultaneously estimates age-specific
population counts, fertility rates, mortality rates, and net international
migration flows from fragmentary data, while formally accounting for
measurement error. As inputs, Bayesian reconstruction uses initial
bias-reduced estimates of standard demographic variables. We reconstruct
the female populations of three countries: Laos, a country with little
vital registration data where population estimation depends largely on
surveys; Sri Lanka, a country with some vital registration data; and New
Zealand, a country with a highly developed statistical system and good
quality vital registration data. In addition, we extend the method to
countries without censuses at regular intervals. We also use it to assess
the consistency of results between model life tables and available census
data, and hence to compare different model life table systems.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 21-37
Issue: 1
Volume: 70
Year: 2016
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2016.1139164
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2016.1139164
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:70:y:2016:i:1:p:21-37
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mieke C. W. Eeckhaut
Author-X-Name-First: Mieke C. W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Eeckhaut
Author-Name: Megan M. Sweeney
Author-X-Name-First: Megan M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Sweeney
Title: The perplexing links between contraceptive sterilization and (dis)advantage in ten low-fertility countries
Abstract:
This study investigated the association between contraceptive
sterilization and socio-economic status (measured by educational
attainment) in ten countries, using data from the 2006--10 National Survey
of Family Growth and the 2004--10 Generations and Gender Surveys. The
findings confirm that a long-standing association between socio-economic
status and sterilization persists in the contemporary United States:
female sterilization is associated with economic disadvantage, whereas
male sterilization is associated with economic advantage. The latter
association is found to be unique to the United States, but female
sterilization is associated with disadvantage in most of the other
countries studied. While basic demographic background factors such as
early childbearing and parity can explain the observed associations in
most of the countries, a strong gendered association between sterilization
and socio-economic status remains in the United States and Belgium even
after adjusting for these factors.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 39-58
Issue: 1
Volume: 70
Year: 2016
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2015.1122209
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2015.1122209
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:70:y:2016:i:1:p:39-58
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Laura A. Kelly
Author-X-Name-First: Laura A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Kelly
Author-Name: Samuel H. Preston
Author-X-Name-First: Samuel H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Preston
Title: The contribution of a history of heavy smoking to Scotland's mortality disadvantage
Abstract:
Scotland has a lower life expectancy than any country in Western Europe or
North America, and this disadvantage is concentrated above age 50.
According to the Human Mortality Database, life expectancy at age 50 has
been lower in Scotland than in any other developed country since 1980.
Relative to 15 developed countries that we have chosen for comparison,
Scotland's life expectancy in 2009 at age 50 was lower by an average of
2.5 years for women and 1.6 years for men. We estimate that
Scottish women lost 3.6 years of life expectancy at age 50 as a
result of smoking, compared to 1.4 years for the comparison
countries. The equivalent figures among men are 3.1 and 2.1 years.
These differences are large enough for the history of heavy smoking in
Scotland to account both for most of the shortfall in life expectancy for
both sexes and for the country's unusually narrow sex differences in life
expectancy.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 59-71
Issue: 1
Volume: 70
Year: 2016
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2016.1145727
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2016.1145727
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:70:y:2016:i:1:p:59-71
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mariano Sana
Author-X-Name-First: Mariano
Author-X-Name-Last: Sana
Author-Name: Guy Stecklov
Author-X-Name-First: Guy
Author-X-Name-Last: Stecklov
Author-Name: Alexander A. Weinreb
Author-X-Name-First: Alexander A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Weinreb
Title: A test of the stranger-interviewer norm in the Dominican Republic
Abstract:
We offer the first empirical test of the ‘stranger-interviewer
norm’, according to which interviewers in social, demographic, and
health surveys should be strangers—not personally familiar with
respondents. We use data from an experimental survey in the Dominican
Republic that featured three types of interviewer: from out of town
(outsiders); local but unknown to the respondent (local-strangers); and
local with a previous relationship to the respondent (insiders). We were
able to validate answers to up to 18 questions per respondent, mainly by
checking official documents in their possession. Contrary to expectations
derived from the stranger-interviewer norm, respondents were more
reluctant to show the documents needed for validation when the interviewer
was an outsider. Furthermore, and again at odds with the
stranger-interviewer norm, we found no difference in accuracy by type of
interviewer. Our results have important implications for the selection of
survey interviewers in less developed and non-Western settings.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 73-92
Issue: 1
Volume: 70
Year: 2016
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2016.1139740
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2016.1139740
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:70:y:2016:i:1:p:73-92
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fabian F. Drixler
Author-X-Name-First: Fabian F.
Author-X-Name-Last: Drixler
Author-Name: Jan Kok
Author-X-Name-First: Jan
Author-X-Name-Last: Kok
Title: A lost family-planning regime in eighteenth-century Ceylon
Abstract:
Based on Dutch colonial registers (thombos), this paper reconstructs
fertility for two districts in Ceylon, 1756--68. It overcomes challenges
in data quality by establishing the outer bounds of plausible estimates in
a series of scenarios. Among these, total fertility rates (TFRs) averaged
5.5 in one district, but only 2.7 in the other. These figures exclude the
victims of infanticide, a custom noted in European travelogues between
about 1660 and 1820. Sex ratios among children differed depending on the
number of older siblings, and overall, 27 per cent of girls are
missing in one district and 57 per cent in the other. There was
little significant variation either in the TFR or the sex ratio by
socio-economic status, suggesting that poverty was not a key factor in
motivating infanticides. Instead, we argue that at least parts of Ceylon
had a forward-looking culture of family planning in the eighteenth
century, which was lost in subsequent decades.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 93-114
Issue: 1
Volume: 70
Year: 2016
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2015.1133842
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2015.1133842
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:70:y:2016:i:1:p:93-114
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elyse A. Jennings
Author-X-Name-First: Elyse A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Jennings
Author-Name: Rachael S. Pierotti
Author-X-Name-First: Rachael S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Pierotti
Title: The influence of wives’ and husbands’ fertility preferences on progression to a third birth in Nepal, 1997--2009
Abstract:
As couples across the globe increasingly exercise conscious control over
their reproduction, both spouses’ family-size preferences have the
opportunity to influence their fertility. Using couple-level measures of
rural Nepalese spouses’ family-size preferences and more than a
decade of monthly panel data collected subsequently on fertility outcomes,
we investigate how both spouses’ preferences influence progression
to a third birth in a country where the widely professed ideal family size
is two children. Contrary to expectations based on women's relative
disadvantage, we find that it is wives’ preferences that drive
couples’ progression to a third birth. We find also that the
influence of wives’ preferences is not explained by contraceptive
use but that this influence is moderated by couple communication about
family planning. Wives’ preferences drive progression to a third
birth among couples who had discussed how many children to have.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 115-133
Issue: 1
Volume: 70
Year: 2016
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2016.1140806
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2016.1140806
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:70:y:2016:i:1:p:115-133
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Phillipp R. Schofield
Author-X-Name-First: Phillipp R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Schofield
Title: Population, Welfare and Economic Change in Britain, 1290--1834
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 135-136
Issue: 1
Volume: 70
Year: 2016
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2015.1125611
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2015.1125611
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:70:y:2016:i:1:p:135-136
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Allan Findlay
Author-X-Name-First: Allan
Author-X-Name-Last: Findlay
Title: The Mobility of Students and the Highly Skilled
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 137-138
Issue: 1
Volume: 70
Year: 2016
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2016.1143264
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2016.1143264
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:70:y:2016:i:1:p:137-138
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Helge Brunborg
Author-X-Name-First: Helge
Author-X-Name-Last: Brunborg
Title: Demographic Engineering: Population Strategies in Ethnic Conflict
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 138-139
Issue: 1
Volume: 70
Year: 2016
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2015.1125609
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2015.1125609
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:70:y:2016:i:1:p:138-139
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kieron Barclay
Author-X-Name-First: Kieron
Author-X-Name-Last: Barclay
Author-Name: Mikko Myrskylä
Author-X-Name-First: Mikko
Author-X-Name-Last: Myrskylä
Title: Parental age and offspring mortality: Negative effects of reproductive ageing may be counterbalanced by secular increases in longevity
Abstract:
As parental ages at birth continue to rise, concerns about the effects of fertility postponement on offspring are increasing. Due to reproductive ageing, advanced parental ages have been associated with negative health outcomes for offspring, including decreased longevity. The literature, however, has neglected to examine the potential benefits of being born at a later date. Secular declines in mortality mean that later birth cohorts are living longer. We analyse mortality over ages 30–74 among 1.9 million Swedish men and women born 1938–60, and use a sibling comparison design that accounts for all time-invariant factors shared by the siblings. When incorporating cohort improvements in mortality, we find that those born to older mothers do not suffer any significant mortality disadvantage, and that those born to older fathers have lower mortality. These findings are likely to be explained by secular declines in mortality counterbalancing the negative effects of reproductive ageing.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 157-173
Issue: 2
Volume: 72
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2017.1411969
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2017.1411969
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:72:y:2018:i:2:p:157-173
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mathias Lerch
Author-X-Name-First: Mathias
Author-X-Name-Last: Lerch
Title: Fertility and union formation during crisis and societal consolidation in the Western Balkans
Abstract:
Fertility decline in central and eastern Europe (CEE) since the fall of the communist regimes has been driven by both stopping and postponement of childbearing: two processes that have been related to crisis and economic development, respectively. In the Western Balkans these economic and political contexts followed each other in the form of a biphasic transition. I examine whether this sequence triggered fertility responses like those observed elsewhere. Relying on three independent data sources, I cross-validate the levels of, and describe the trends in, union formation and fertility (by birth order) between 1980 and 2010. Results do not reveal widespread declines in fertility to lowest-low levels during the most acute period of crisis. The subsequent postponement of marriage and first birth was also limited, and the two-child family remains the norm. This relative resilience of childbearing patterns compared with other CEE countries is discussed with reference to the institutional context.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 217-234
Issue: 2
Volume: 72
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2017.1412492
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2017.1412492
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:72:y:2018:i:2:p:217-234
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jorge Rodríguez-Vignoli
Author-X-Name-First: Jorge
Author-X-Name-Last: Rodríguez-Vignoli
Author-Name: Francisco Rowe
Author-X-Name-First: Francisco
Author-X-Name-Last: Rowe
Title: How is internal migration reshaping metropolitan populations in Latin America? A new method and new evidence
Abstract:
Internal migration is a key driver of patterns of human settlement and socio-economic development, but little is known about its compositional impacts. Exploiting the wide availability of census data, we propose a method to quantify the internal migration impacts on local population structures, and estimate these impacts for eight large Latin American cities. We show that internal migration generally had small feminizing, downgrading educational, and demographic window effects: reducing the local sex ratio, lowering the average years of schooling, and raising the share of working-age population due to an increased young adult population. Over time, a rise in the proportion of males and a drop in the share of the young adult population moving into cities reduced the feminizing and demographic window effects. Concurrently, a rise in the average years of schooling associated with people moving into cities attenuated the downgrading impact of internal migration on local education levels.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 253-273
Issue: 2
Volume: 72
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2017.1416155
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2017.1416155
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:72:y:2018:i:2:p:253-273
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jakub Bijak
Author-X-Name-First: Jakub
Author-X-Name-Last: Bijak
Title: Model-Based Demography: Essays on Integrating Data, Technique and Theory
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 275-277
Issue: 2
Volume: 72
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2018.1436026
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2018.1436026
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:72:y:2018:i:2:p:275-277
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Øystein Kravdal
Author-X-Name-First: Øystein
Author-X-Name-Last: Kravdal
Title: New evidence about effects of reproductive variables on child mortality in sub-Saharan Africa
Abstract:
There is still considerable uncertainty about how reproductive factors affect child mortality. This study, based on Demographic and Health Survey data from 28 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, shows that mortality is highest for firstborn children with very young mothers. Other children with young mothers, or of high birth order, also experience high mortality. Net of maternal age and birth order, a short preceding birth interval is associated with above average mortality. These patterns change, however, if time-invariant unobserved mother-level characteristics of importance for both mortality and fertility are controlled for in a multilevel–multiprocess model. Most importantly, there are smaller advantages associated with longer birth intervals and being older at first birth. The implications of alternative reproductive ‘strategies’ are discussed, taking into account that if the mother is older at birth, the child will also be born in a later calendar year, when mortality may be lower.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 139-156
Issue: 2
Volume: 72
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2018.1439180
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2018.1439180
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:72:y:2018:i:2:p:139-156
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joanna Marczak
Author-X-Name-First: Joanna
Author-X-Name-Last: Marczak
Author-Name: Wendy Sigle
Author-X-Name-First: Wendy
Author-X-Name-Last: Sigle
Author-Name: Ernestina Coast
Author-X-Name-First: Ernestina
Author-X-Name-Last: Coast
Title: When the grass is greener: Fertility decisions in a cross-national context
Abstract:
In research and policy discourse, conceptualizations of fertility decision-making often assume that people only consider circumstances within national borders. In an integrated Europe, citizens may know about and compare conditions across countries. Such comparisons may influence the way people think about and respond to childrearing costs. To explore this possibility and its implications, we present evidence from 44 in-depth interviews with Polish parents in the United Kingdom and Poland. Explanations of childbearing decisions involved comparisons of policy packages and living standards across countries. Individuals in Poland used richer European countries as an important reference point, rather than recent conditions in Poland. In contrast, migrants often positively assessed their relatively disadvantaged circumstances by using the Polish setting as a reference. The findings could help explain why, despite substantial policy efforts, fertility has remained at very low levels in poorer European countries, while migrants from those countries often have higher fertility abroad.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 201-216
Issue: 2
Volume: 72
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2018.1439181
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2018.1439181
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:72:y:2018:i:2:p:201-216
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stefano Mazzuco
Author-X-Name-First: Stefano
Author-X-Name-Last: Mazzuco
Author-Name: Bruno Scarpa
Author-X-Name-First: Bruno
Author-X-Name-Last: Scarpa
Author-Name: Lucia Zanotto
Author-X-Name-First: Lucia
Author-X-Name-Last: Zanotto
Title: A mortality model based on a mixture distribution function
Abstract:
A new mortality model based on a mixture distribution function is proposed. We mix a half-normal distribution with a generalization of the skew-normal distribution. As a result, we get a six-parameter distribution function that has a good fit with a wide variety of mortality patterns. This mixture model is fitted to several mortality data schedules and compared with the Siler (five-parameter) and Heligman–Pollard (eight-parameter) models. Our proposal serves as a convenient compromise between the Heligman–Pollard model (which ensures a good fit with data but is often overparameterized) and the Siler model (which is more compact but fails to capture ‘accident humps’).
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 191-200
Issue: 2
Volume: 72
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2018.1439519
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2018.1439519
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:72:y:2018:i:2:p:191-200
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elena Shadrina
Author-X-Name-First: Elena
Author-X-Name-Last: Shadrina
Title: Demography of Russia: From the Past to the Present
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 279-282
Issue: 2
Volume: 72
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2018.1441218
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2018.1441218
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:72:y:2018:i:2:p:279-282
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ronald Skeldon
Author-X-Name-First: Ronald
Author-X-Name-Last: Skeldon
Title: Internal Migration in the Developed World: Are We Becoming Less Mobile?
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 277-279
Issue: 2
Volume: 72
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2018.1456090
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2018.1456090
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:72:y:2018:i:2:p:277-279
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cecilia Potente
Author-X-Name-First: Cecilia
Author-X-Name-Last: Potente
Author-Name: Christiaan Monden
Author-X-Name-First: Christiaan
Author-X-Name-Last: Monden
Title: Disability pathways preceding death in England by socio-economic status
Abstract:
The role of socio-economic status (SES) in the last years of life is an under-researched aspect of health inequalities. This study examines disability patterns preceding death using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. We use repeated measures latent class analysis to identify the most common pathways preceding death in terms of walking ability and limitations in activities of daily living. Three pathways emerge: one characterized by consistently low disability; a second by a constant high level of functional limitations; and a third by medium impairment. We examine how different SES indicators predict belonging to each disability pathway. Conditional on income, higher wealth is associated with a lower likelihood of belonging to the high disability pathway. Contrary to our expectations, we find no educational gradient in the pathways preceding death. Health inequalities in the last years of life seem to exist especially between individuals with different levels of wealth.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 175-190
Issue: 2
Volume: 72
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2018.1458993
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2018.1458993
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:72:y:2018:i:2:p:175-190
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christina J. Cross
Author-X-Name-First: Christina J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Cross
Title: Extended family households among children in the United States: Differences by race/ethnicity and socio-economic status
Abstract:
This study uses nationally representative longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, to examine the prevalence and predictors of extended family households among children in the United States and to explore variation by race/ethnicity and socio-economic status (SES). Findings suggest that extended family households are a common living arrangement for children, with 35 per cent of youth experiencing this family structure before age 18. Racial/ethnic and SES differences are substantial: 57 per cent of Black and 35 per cent of Hispanic children ever live in an extended family, compared with 20 per cent of White children. Further, 47 per cent of children whose parents did not finish high school spend time in an extended family, relative to 17 per cent of children whose parents earned a bachelor's degree or higher. Models of predictors show that transitions into extended families are largely a response to social and economic needs.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 235-251
Issue: 2
Volume: 72
Year: 2018
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2018.1468476
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2018.1468476
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:72:y:2018:i:2:p:235-251
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Daniel J. Hruschka
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hruschka
Author-Name: Rebecca Sear
Author-X-Name-First: Rebecca
Author-X-Name-Last: Sear
Author-Name: Joseph Hackman
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph
Author-X-Name-Last: Hackman
Author-Name: Alexandria Drake
Author-X-Name-First: Alexandria
Author-X-Name-Last: Drake
Title: Worldwide fertility declines do not rely on stopping at ideal parities
Abstract:
A key demographic hypothesis has been that fertility declines rely on stopping at target parities, but emerging evidence suggests that women frequently reduce fertility without specific numeric targets. To assess the relative importance of these two paths to fertility decline, we develop a novel mixture model to estimate: (1) the proportion of women who stop at a target parity; and (2) mean completed fertility among those who do not. Applied to Demographic and Health Survey data from women aged 45–49 in 84 low- and middle-income countries, and to United States Census cohorts, the model shows considerable variation in the proportion stopping at specific parities (1–84 per cent). The estimates also show that declines in completed fertility are largely attributable to women who do not stop at target parities, suggesting that stopping at ideal parities may be less important than parity-independent decisions for a wide range of fertility transitions.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 1-17
Issue: 1
Volume: 73
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2018.1513164
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2018.1513164
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:73:y:2019:i:1:p:1-17
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ameed Saabneh
Author-X-Name-First: Ameed
Author-X-Name-Last: Saabneh
Title: Displaced and segregated: The socio-economic status of the second generation of internally displaced Palestinians in Israel
Abstract:
This study investigates the effects of displacement on the socio-economic status of second-generation Palestinian internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Israel. The results show that members of this group do not differ from non-displaced Palestinians in their educational or occupational attainment, but that displaced households experience higher rates of poverty and poorer housing conditions than non-displaced households. I find that the relationship between displacement and the prime indicators of social mobility—education and jobs—was weakened by three factors: extreme spatial segregation between Palestinians and Jews, the concentration of disadvantage among Palestinian IDPs within the host communities, which were Palestinian spaces, and a high level of dependence on resources concentrated in Jewish spaces among all Palestinians, not just IDPs. These three conditions, however, do not eliminate gaps in assets and land ownership between IDPs and non-displaced Palestinians, which, I argue, contribute to higher poverty rates among displaced households.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 19-35
Issue: 1
Volume: 73
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2018.1544658
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2018.1544658
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:73:y:2019:i:1:p:19-35
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Øystein Kravdal
Author-X-Name-First: Øystein
Author-X-Name-Last: Kravdal
Author-Name: Emily Grundy
Author-X-Name-First: Emily
Author-X-Name-Last: Grundy
Title: Children’s age at parental divorce and depression in early and mid-adulthood
Abstract:
This study aimed to assess whether children’s age at their parents’ divorce is associated with depression in early and mid-adulthood, as indicated by medication purchase. A sibling comparison method was used to control for unobserved factors shared between siblings. The data were extracted from the Norwegian Population Register and Norwegian Prescription Database and included about 181,000 individuals aged 20–44 who had experienced parental divorce and 636,000 who had not. Controlling for age in 2004, sex, and birth order, children who were aged 15–19 when their parents divorced were 12 per cent less likely to purchase antidepressants as adults in 2004–08 than those experiencing the divorce aged 0–4. The corresponding reduction for those aged 20+ at the time of divorce was 19 per cent. However, the association between age at parental divorce and antidepressant purchases was only evident among women and those whose mothers had low education.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 37-56
Issue: 1
Volume: 73
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2018.1549747
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2018.1549747
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:73:y:2019:i:1:p:37-56
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ridhi Kashyap
Author-X-Name-First: Ridhi
Author-X-Name-Last: Kashyap
Title: Is prenatal sex selection associated with lower female child mortality?
Abstract:
I examine whether prenatal sex selection has substituted postnatal excess female mortality by analysing the dynamics of child sex ratios between 1980 and 2015 using country-level life table data. I decompose changes in child sex ratios into a ‘fertility’ component attributable to prenatal sex selection and a ‘mortality’ component attributable to sex differentials in postnatal survival. Although reductions in numbers of excess female deaths have accompanied increases in missing female births in all countries experiencing the emergence of prenatal sex selection, relative excess female mortality has persisted in some countries but not others. In South Korea, Armenia, and Azerbaijan, mortality reductions favouring girls accompanied increases in prenatal sex selection. In India, excess female mortality was much higher and largely stable as prenatal sex selection emerged, but slight reductions were seen in the 2000s. In China, although absolute measures showed reductions, relative excess female mortality persisted as prenatal sex selection increased.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 57-78
Issue: 1
Volume: 73
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2018.1442583
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2018.1442583
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:73:y:2019:i:1:p:57-78
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ingrid K. van Dijk
Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid K.
Author-X-Name-Last: van Dijk
Title: Early-life mortality clustering in families: A literature review
Abstract:
Research on early-life mortality in contemporary and historical populations has shown that infant and child mortality tend to cluster in a limited number of high-mortality families, a phenomenon known as ‘mortality clustering’. This paper is the first to review the literature on the role of the family in early-life mortality. Contemporary results, methodological and theoretical shortfalls, recent developments, and opportunities for future research are all discussed in this review. Four methodological approaches are distinguished: those based on sibling deaths, mother heterogeneity, thresholds, and excess deaths in populations. It has become clear from research to date that the death of an older child harms the survival chances of younger children in that family, and that fertility behaviour, earlier stillbirths, remarriages, and socio-economic status all explain mortality clustering to some extent.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 79-99
Issue: 1
Volume: 73
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2018.1448434
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2018.1448434
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:73:y:2019:i:1:p:79-99
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Guido Alfani
Author-X-Name-First: Guido
Author-X-Name-Last: Alfani
Author-Name: Marco Bonetti
Author-X-Name-First: Marco
Author-X-Name-Last: Bonetti
Title: A survival analysis of the last great European plagues: The case of Nonantola (Northern Italy) in 1630
Abstract:
This paper develops the first survival analysis of a large-scale mortality crisis caused by plague. For the time-to-event analyses we used the Cox proportional hazards regression model. Our case study is the town of Nonantola during the 1630 plague, which was probably the worst to affect Italy since the Black Death. Individual risk of death did not depend on sex, grew with age (peaking at ages 40–60 and then declining), was not affected by socio-economic status, and was positively associated with household size. We discuss these findings in light of the historical–demographic and palaeo-demographic literature on medieval and early modern plagues. Our results are compatible with the debated idea that ancient plague was able to spread directly from human to human. Our methods could be replicated in other studies of European plagues to nuance and integrate the findings of recent palaeo-biological and palaeo-demographic research on plague.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 101-118
Issue: 1
Volume: 73
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2018.1457794
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2018.1457794
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:73:y:2019:i:1:p:101-118
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ugofilippo Basellini
Author-X-Name-First: Ugofilippo
Author-X-Name-Last: Basellini
Author-Name: Carlo Giovanni Camarda
Author-X-Name-First: Carlo Giovanni
Author-X-Name-Last: Camarda
Title: Modelling and forecasting adult age-at-death distributions
Abstract:
Age-at-death distributions provide an informative description of the mortality pattern of a population but have generally been neglected for modelling and forecasting mortality. In this paper, we use the distribution of deaths to model and forecast adult mortality. Specifically, we introduce a relational model that relates a fixed ‘standard’ to a series of observed distributions by a transformation of the age axis. The proposed Segmented Transformation Age-at-death Distributions (STAD) model is parsimonious and efficient: using only three parameters, it captures and disentangles mortality developments in terms of shifting and compression dynamics. Additionally, mortality forecasts can be derived from parameter extrapolation using time-series models. We illustrate our method and compare it with the Lee–Carter model and variants for females in four high-longevity countries. We show that the STAD fits the observed mortality pattern very well, and that its forecasts are more accurate and optimistic than the Lee–Carter variants.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 119-138
Issue: 1
Volume: 73
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2018.1545918
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2018.1545918
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:73:y:2019:i:1:p:119-138
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jason M. Fletcher
Author-X-Name-First: Jason M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Fletcher
Title: Environmental bottlenecks in children’s genetic potential for adult socio-economic attainments: Evidence from a health shock
Abstract:
This paper explores gene–environment interactions—interactions between family environments and children’s genetic predispositions—in determining educational attainment. The central question is whether poor childhood family environments reduce children’s ability to leverage their genetic gifts to achieve high levels of educational attainment—are there important ‘bottlenecks’ for poor children? The multigenerational information and genetic data contained in the United States’ Health and Retirement Study are used to separate two mechanisms for intergenerational transmission of socio-economic status: genetic endowments and family environments. Using parental in utero exposure to the 1918–19 influenza pandemic as a source of quasi-experimental variation in family environments (that did not affect children’s genetic endowments), I estimate interactions between parental investments and children’s genetic potential. The main finding suggests that girls with high genetic potential whose fathers were exposed to influenza face reduced educational attainments—a gene–environment interaction—but there is no similar effect for boys.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 139-148
Issue: 1
Volume: 73
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2018.1498533
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2018.1498533
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:73:y:2019:i:1:p:139-148
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Wilmoth
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Wilmoth
Author-Name: Sarah Zureick
Author-X-Name-First: Sarah
Author-X-Name-Last: Zureick
Author-Name: Vladimir Canudas-Romo
Author-X-Name-First: Vladimir
Author-X-Name-Last: Canudas-Romo
Author-Name: Mie Inoue
Author-X-Name-First: Mie
Author-X-Name-Last: Inoue
Author-Name: Cheryl Sawyer
Author-X-Name-First: Cheryl
Author-X-Name-Last: Sawyer
Title: A flexible two-dimensional mortality model for use in indirect estimation
Abstract: Mortality estimates for many populations are derived using model life tables, which describe typical age patterns of human mortality. We propose a new system of model life tables as a means of improving the quality and transparency of such estimates. A flexible two-dimensional model was fitted to a collection of life tables from the Human Mortality Database. The model can be used to estimate full life tables given one or two pieces of information: child mortality only, or child and adult mortality. Using life tables from a variety of sources, we have compared the performance of new and old methods. The new model outperforms the Coale–Demeny and UN model life tables. Estimation errors are similar to those produced by the modified Brass logit procedure. The proposed model is better suited to the practical needs of mortality estimation, since both input parameters are continuous yet the second one is optional.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 1-28
Issue: 1
Volume: 66
Year: 2012
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2011.611411
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2011.611411
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:66:y:2012:i:1:p:1-28
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Eric Kaufmann
Author-X-Name-First: Eric
Author-X-Name-Last: Kaufmann
Author-Name: Anne Goujon
Author-X-Name-First: Anne
Author-X-Name-Last: Goujon
Author-Name: Vegard Skirbekk
Author-X-Name-First: Vegard
Author-X-Name-Last: Skirbekk
Title: American political affiliation, 2003–43: A cohort component projection
Abstract: The recent rise in identification with American political parties has focused interest on the long-term dynamics of party support. Liberal commentators cite immigration and youth as forces that will produce a natural advantage for the Democrats in the future, while conservative writers highlight the importance of high fertility amongst Republicans in securing growth. These opinions are not based on demographic analysis. We addressed this omission by undertaking the first ever cohort component projection (up to 2043) of populations by American party allegiance, based on survey and census data. On current trends, we predict that American partisanship will change much less than the nation's ethnic composition because the parties are similar in age structure. Nevertheless, our projections suggest that the Democrats will gain 2–3 per cent more support than the Republicans by 2043, mainly through immigration, although the higher fertility of Republicans may eventually offset that advantage.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 53-67
Issue: 1
Volume: 66
Year: 2012
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2011.628047
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2011.628047
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:66:y:2012:i:1:p:53-67
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joshua Goldstein
Author-X-Name-First: Joshua
Author-X-Name-Last: Goldstein
Author-Name: Thomas Cassidy
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas
Author-X-Name-Last: Cassidy
Title: How slowing senescence translates into longer life expectancy
Abstract: Mortality decline has historically been largely a result of reductions in the level of mortality at all ages. A number of leading researchers on ageing, however, suggest that the next revolution of longevity increase will be the result of slowing down the rate of ageing. In this paper, we show mathematically how varying the pace of senescence influences life expectancy. We provide a formula that holds for any baseline hazard function. Our result is analogous to Keyfitz's ‘entropy’ relationship for changing the level of mortality. Interestingly, the influence of the shape of the baseline schedule on the effect of senescence changes is the complement of that found for level changes. We also provide a generalized formulation that mixes level and slope effects. We illustrate the applicability of these models using recent mortality decline in Japan and the problem of period to cohort translation.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 29-37
Issue: 1
Volume: 66
Year: 2012
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2011.635215
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2011.635215
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:66:y:2012:i:1:p:29-37
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bojuan Zhao
Author-X-Name-First: Bojuan
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhao
Title: A modified Lee–Carter model for analysing short-base-period data
Abstract: This paper introduces a new modified Lee–Carter model for analysing short-base-period mortality data, for which the original Lee–Carter model produces severely fluctuating predicted age-specific mortality. Approximating the unknown parameters in the modified model by linearized cubic splines and other additive functions, the model can be simplified into a logistic regression when fitted to binomial data. The expected death rate estimated from the modified model is smooth, not only over ages but also over years. The analysis of mortality data in China (2000–08) demonstrates the advantages of the new model over existing models.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 39-52
Issue: 1
Volume: 66
Year: 2012
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2011.636839
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2011.636839
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:66:y:2012:i:1:p:39-52
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marika Jalovaara
Author-X-Name-First: Marika
Author-X-Name-Last: Jalovaara
Title: Socio-economic resources and first-union formation in Finland, cohorts born 1969–81
Abstract: Social scientists generally agree that better individual economic prospects enhance the probability of marriage for men, whereas there are conflicting views with regard to women. Moreover, it is argued that cohabitation does not require as strong an economic foundation as marriage. The aim of this study, which was based on Finnish register data, was to find out how the socio-economic resources of young adults affect first-union formation, and whether the effects vary by sex or union type. The results show that high education, labour-force participation, and high income seem to promote union formation. The findings are similar for women and men, which is plausible given the comparatively gender-egalitarian societal context. Similar factors encourage entry into both union types, although the union-promoting effects of university-level education and stable employment are stronger in the marriage models, suggesting that long-term prospects are more important when marriage is contemplated.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 69-85
Issue: 1
Volume: 66
Year: 2012
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2011.641720
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2011.641720
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:66:y:2012:i:1:p:69-85
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ronald Rindfuss
Author-X-Name-First: Ronald
Author-X-Name-Last: Rindfuss
Author-Name: Martin Piotrowski
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Piotrowski
Author-Name: Barbara Entwisle
Author-X-Name-First: Barbara
Author-X-Name-Last: Entwisle
Author-Name: Jeffrey Edmeades
Author-X-Name-First: Jeffrey
Author-X-Name-Last: Edmeades
Author-Name: Katherine Faust
Author-X-Name-First: Katherine
Author-X-Name-Last: Faust
Title: Migrant remittances and the web of family obligations: Ongoing support among spatially extended kin in North-east Thailand, 1984–94
Abstract: Exchanges of money, goods, and assistance among family/kin members are influenced by the intertwined lives of individuals and their family/kin. As people pass through the young adulthood years, acquiring obligations as spouses and parents, and migrating in search of economic opportunities, tensions can arise over existing obligations. Using rich longitudinal data from Northeast Thailand, we examined the role of family networks (origin and destination) on migrants’ exchanges with family/kin. Our approach overcame many shortcomings of earlier studies, allowing us to ‘see’ the family social network arrayed in a broader network. We show that intra-family exchanges are influenced by marital status, the presence of children, having parents in the origin household, and having siblings depart from it. The results are stable across sensitivity tests that systematically include or exclude various familial links. In addition, reports provided by origin households on migrant remittances are consistent with reports from migrants themselves.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 87-104
Issue: 1
Volume: 66
Year: 2012
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2011.644429
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2011.644429
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:66:y:2012:i:1:p:87-104
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Francesco C. Billari
Author-X-Name-First: Francesco C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Billari
Author-Name: Osea Giuntella
Author-X-Name-First: Osea
Author-X-Name-Last: Giuntella
Author-Name: Luca Stella
Author-X-Name-First: Luca
Author-X-Name-Last: Stella
Title: Does broadband Internet affect fertility?
Abstract:
The spread of high-speed (broadband) Internet epitomizes the digital revolution. Using German panel data, we test whether the availability of broadband influences fertility choices in a low-fertility setting well known for the difficulty in combining work and family life. We exploit a strategy devised by Falck and colleagues to obtain causal estimates of the impact of broadband on fertility. We find positive effects of broadband availability on the fertility of highly educated women aged 25–45. We further confirm this result using county-level data on total fertility. We show that broadband access significantly increases the share of women reporting home- or part-time working. Furthermore, we find positive effects on time spent with children and overall life satisfaction. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that access to broadband allows highly educated women, but not the less educated, to reconcile career and motherhood, which may promote a ‘digital divide’ in fertility.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 297-316
Issue: 3
Volume: 73
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2019.1584327
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2019.1584327
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:73:y:2019:i:3:p:297-316
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: L. Daniel Staetsky
Author-X-Name-First: L. Daniel
Author-X-Name-Last: Staetsky
Title: Stalling fertility decline of Israeli Muslims and the demographic transition theory
Abstract:
The total fertility of Muslims in Israel declined from a level of nearly ten children per woman in the mid-1960s to about 4.5 children per woman in the mid-1980s. It then remained close to 4.5 children per woman for nearly 20 years. The reasons for this long stall in the fertility decline are not understood. This paper explores the roles of marriage patterns and marital fertility in the development of the stall in Muslim fertility decline in Israel from 1986 to 2003. The results show that the fertility decline among Muslims in Israel stalled owing to abrupt discontinuations of declines in both the proportion married and marital fertility. The former is explained by the relaxation of a marriage squeeze that had resulted from past fluctuations in fertility. These findings have implications for debates on the determinants of fertility stalls and for demographic transition theory.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 317-333
Issue: 3
Volume: 73
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2019.1622765
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2019.1622765
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:73:y:2019:i:3:p:317-333
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Emma Zang
Author-X-Name-First: Emma
Author-X-Name-Last: Zang
Title: Women’s educational attainment and fertility among Generation X in the United States
Abstract:
This study examines whether the fertility of college-educated women is increasing more quickly across cohorts in Generation X than the fertility of their less educated counterparts. Using data from the National Survey of Family Growth in the United States, this study examines the educational differentials in fertility levels and timing across four five-year cohorts of ‘Generation Xers’. Results reveal that total fertility rates (TFRs) are increasing across cohorts for all educational groups and the increase is greatest for college-educated women. The increase in cohort TFR among college-educated women is being primarily driven by an increasing proportion of those with two children transitioning to a third birth. The findings in this paper contribute to the current debate on whether there has been a shift in fertility behaviours among college-educated Generation Xers compared with their Baby Boomer counterparts.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 335-351
Issue: 3
Volume: 73
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2019.1658799
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2019.1658799
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:73:y:2019:i:3:p:335-351
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jessica Polos
Author-X-Name-First: Jessica
Author-X-Name-Last: Polos
Author-Name: Jason Fletcher
Author-X-Name-First: Jason
Author-X-Name-Last: Fletcher
Title: Caesarean section and children’s health: A quasi-experimental design
Abstract:
The prevalence of inflammatory child health conditions—such as asthma, eczema, and food allergy—and their associated costs have increased rapidly over the last 30 years. While environmental factors likely underpin these increases, recent studies explain only a fraction of the trend and rely on associational methods. Caesarean (or C-) section rates increased dramatically in the period of interest, and this method of delivery is an understudied environmental factor linked to child health outcomes via the gut microbiome. We fuse 22 years of birth cohort data from the United States National Surveys of Children’s Health with C-section rates from the National Vital Statistics System generated for subgroups based on state, sex, race, Hispanic origin, and birth year. Then, we model the effects of C-section on rates of asthma, eczema, and food allergy using a quasi-experimental fixed effects design. We find that C-section significantly predicts food allergy, with qualitatively significant implications.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 353-368
Issue: 3
Volume: 73
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2019.1624810
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2019.1624810
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:73:y:2019:i:3:p:353-368
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wendy Sigle
Author-X-Name-First: Wendy
Author-X-Name-Last: Sigle
Author-Name: Alice Goisis
Author-X-Name-First: Alice
Author-X-Name-Last: Goisis
Title: Mind the gap: The health advantages that accompany parental marriage vary by maternal nativity
Abstract:
Using data from the UK Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), we examine whether and how the health benefits of having two biological parents in a continuous marital relationship vary by maternal nativity and ethnicity, comparing UK-born White mothers with: (1) White mothers born in wealthy countries; (2) ethnic minority mothers from South Asia; and (3) ethnic minority mothers born in Africa. Making novel use of classification and regression tree (CART) methods, we examine whether marital status is a uniform marker of economic advantage or better health-related behaviours across the four maternal nativity and ethnic groups. The findings, which indicate that the health-related advantages associated with parental marriage are not uniform across the four nativity and ethnic groups, have implications for future research on family gaps in well-being and the socio-economic determinants of health.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 369-386
Issue: 3
Volume: 73
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2019.1654613
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2019.1654613
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:73:y:2019:i:3:p:369-386
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Catalina Torres
Author-X-Name-First: Catalina
Author-X-Name-Last: Torres
Author-Name: Vladimir Canudas-Romo
Author-X-Name-First: Vladimir
Author-X-Name-Last: Canudas-Romo
Author-Name: Jim Oeppen
Author-X-Name-First: Jim
Author-X-Name-Last: Oeppen
Title: The contribution of urbanization to changes in life expectancy in Scotland, 1861–1910
Abstract:
During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, urban populations in Europe and North America continued to be afflicted by very high mortality as rapid urbanization and industrialization processes got underway. Here we measure the effect of population redistribution from (low-mortality) rural to (high-mortality) urban areas on changes in Scottish life expectancy at birth from 1861 to 1910. Using vital registration data for that period, we apply a new decomposition method that decomposes changes in life expectancy into the contributions of two main components: (1) changes in mortality; and (2) compositional changes in the population. We find that, besides an urban penalty (higher mortality in urban areas), an urbanization penalty (negative effect of population redistribution to urban areas on survival) existed in Scotland during the study period. In the absence of the urbanization penalty, Scottish life expectancy at birth could have attained higher values by the beginning of the twentieth century.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 387-404
Issue: 3
Volume: 73
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2018.1549746
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2018.1549746
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:73:y:2019:i:3:p:387-404
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michel Guillot
Author-X-Name-First: Michel
Author-X-Name-Last: Guillot
Author-Name: Collin F. Payne
Author-X-Name-First: Collin F.
Author-X-Name-Last: Payne
Title: Tracking progress in mean longevity: The Lagged Cohort Life Expectancy (LCLE) approach
Abstract:
Cohort life expectancy is an important but rarely used indicator of mean longevity. In this paper, we show that there are specific advantages in lagging this indicator in time by its own value, an approach termed Lagged Cohort Life Expectancy (LCLE). We discuss the usefulness of LCLE as an indicator for tracking progress in mean longevity and introduce a new interpretation of LCLE as a reference age separating ‘early’ deaths from ‘late’ deaths, or, equivalently, as the age above which individuals in a population can be considered ‘above-average’ survivors. Using data from 15 countries in the Human Mortality Database, we show that current LCLE can be estimated with a relatively high degree of certainty, at least in these low-mortality populations. Results shed new light on levels and trends in mean longevity in these populations.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 405-421
Issue: 3
Volume: 73
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2019.1618480
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2019.1618480
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:73:y:2019:i:3:p:405-421
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stuart Gietel-Basten
Author-X-Name-First: Stuart
Author-X-Name-Last: Gietel-Basten
Author-Name: Georgia Verropoulou
Author-X-Name-First: Georgia
Author-X-Name-Last: Verropoulou
Title: Maternity migration and the recent normalization of the sex ratio at birth in Hong Kong
Abstract:
Hong Kong is characterized by very low fertility. However, over a period from 2000 to 2015, both the total number of births and the sex ratio at birth (SRB) increased and then declined dramatically. We analysed the increases in a 2013 paper in this journal, where we largely ascribed them to a rapid growth in the number of ‘transient’ mothers from Mainland China disproportionately giving birth to boys in the territory. In 2012, policies were implemented to halt this ‘maternity migration’. Here, we explore the impact of these policies, both on births and the SRB in Hong Kong. We conclude that the rises and falls in births and SRBs in Hong Kong can, indeed, be broadly ascribed to the reproductive behaviour of transient Mainland mothers. However, the role of the Hong Kong government’s policy interventions is much less clearly defined.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 423-438
Issue: 3
Volume: 73
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2018.1559944
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2018.1559944
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:73:y:2019:i:3:p:423-438
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christian Dudel
Author-X-Name-First: Christian
Author-X-Name-Last: Dudel
Author-Name: Sebastian Klüsener
Author-X-Name-First: Sebastian
Author-X-Name-Last: Klüsener
Title: Estimating men’s fertility from vital registration data with missing values
Abstract:
Comparative perspectives on men’s fertility are still rare, in part because vital registration data are often missing paternal age information for a substantial number of births. We compare two imputation approaches that attempt to estimate men’s age-specific fertility rates and related measures for data in which paternal age information is missing for a non-negligible number of cases. Taking births with paternal age information as a reference, the first approach uses the unconditional paternal age distribution, while the second approach considers the paternal age distribution conditional on the maternal age. To assess the performance of these two methods, we conduct simulations that mimic vital registration data for Sweden, the United States, Spain, and Estonia. In these simulations, we vary the overall proportion and the age selectivity of missing values. We find that the conditional approach outperforms the unconditional approach in the majority of simulations and therefore should be generally preferred.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 439-449
Issue: 3
Volume: 73
Year: 2019
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2018.1481992
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2018.1481992
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:73:y:2019:i:3:p:439-449
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fjalar Finnäs
Author-X-Name-First: Fjalar
Author-X-Name-Last: Finnäs
Author-Name: Mikael Rostila
Author-X-Name-First: Mikael
Author-X-Name-Last: Rostila
Author-Name: Jan Saarela
Author-X-Name-First: Jan
Author-X-Name-Last: Saarela
Title: Divorce and parity progression following the death of a child: A register-based study from Finland
Abstract:
Most studies that have examined whether a child’s death influences parental relationship stability have used small-scale data sets and their results are inconclusive. A likely reason is that child loss affects not only the risk of parental separation, but also the risk of having another child. Hence parity progression and separation must be treated as two competing events in relation to child loss. The analysis in this paper used Finnish register data from 1971 to 2003, covering over 100,000 married couples whose durations of both first marriage and parenthood could be observed. We ran parity-specific Cox regressions in which process time started from the birth of each additional child. All marriages included women of childbearing age, none of whom had experienced any child death on entering the analysis. We find that child loss only modestly influences the divorce risk, whereas its effect on the risk of parity progression is considerable.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 41-51
Issue: 1
Volume: 72
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2017.1337918
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2017.1337918
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:72:y:2018:i:1:p:41-51
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Irma T. Elo
Author-X-Name-First: Irma T.
Author-X-Name-Last: Elo
Author-Name: Pekka Martikainen
Author-X-Name-First: Pekka
Author-X-Name-Last: Martikainen
Author-Name: Mikko Aaltonen
Author-X-Name-First: Mikko
Author-X-Name-Last: Aaltonen
Title: Children’s educational attainment, occupation, and income and their parents’ mortality
Abstract:
Using data from Finland, this paper contributes to a small but growing body of research regarding adult children's education, occupation, and income and their parents' mortality at ages 50+ in 1970–2007. Higher levels of children's education are associated with 30–36 per cent lower parental mortality at ages 50–75, controlling for parents' education, occupation, and income. This association is fully mediated by children's occupation and income, except for cancer mortality. Having at least one child educated in healthcare is associated with 11–16 per cent lower all-cause mortality at ages 50–75, an association that is largely driven by mortality from cardiovascular diseases. Children's higher white-collar occupation and higher income is associated with 39–46 per cent lower mortality in the fully adjusted models. At ages 75+, these associations are much smaller overall and children's schooling remains more strongly associated with mortality than children's occupation or income.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 53-73
Issue: 1
Volume: 72
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2017.1367413
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2017.1367413
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:72:y:2018:i:1:p:53-73
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Catriona A. Towriss
Author-X-Name-First: Catriona A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Towriss
Author-Name: Ian M. Timæus
Author-X-Name-First: Ian M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Timæus
Title: Modelling period fertility: Schooling and intervals following a birth in Eastern Africa
Abstract:
We describe a regression-based approach to the modelling of age-, order-, and duration-specific period fertility, using retrospective survey data. The approach produces results that are free of selection biases and can be used to study differential fertility. It is applied to Demographic and Health Survey data for Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe to investigate differential trends in fertility by education. Parity progression fell and the intervals following each birth lengthened between the 1970s and 2000s in all four countries. Fertility fell most among women with secondary education. In contrast to other world regions, postponement of successive births for extended periods accounted for much of the initial drop in fertility in these African countries. However, family size limitation by women with secondary education in Ethiopia and Kenya and longer birth spacing in Zimbabwe also played significant roles. Thus, birth control is being adopted in Eastern Africa in response to diverse changes in fertility preferences.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 75-90
Issue: 1
Volume: 72
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2017.1370121
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2017.1370121
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:72:y:2018:i:1:p:75-90
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Júlia Mikolai
Author-X-Name-First: Júlia
Author-X-Name-Last: Mikolai
Author-Name: Hill Kulu
Author-X-Name-First: Hill
Author-X-Name-Last: Kulu
Title: Short- and long-term effects of divorce and separation on housing tenure in England and Wales
Abstract:
This paper investigates the effects of marital and non-marital separation on individuals’ housing tenure in England and Wales. We apply competing risks event history models to data from the British Household Panel Survey and the UK Household Longitudinal Study to analyse the risk of a residential move to different tenure types, for single, married, cohabiting, and separated men and women. Separated individuals are more likely to move and experience a tenure change than those who are single or in a relationship. Among separated people, private renting is the most common outcome of a move; however, women are also likely to move to social renting, whereas men tend to move to homeownership. This pattern persists when we account for time since separation and order of move, indicating a potential long-term effect of separation on housing tenure. This long-term effect is especially pertinent to separated women who cannot afford homeownership.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 17-39
Issue: 1
Volume: 72
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2017.1391955
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2017.1391955
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:72:y:2018:i:1:p:17-39
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David J. Sharrow
Author-X-Name-First: David J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Sharrow
Author-Name: Jessica Godwin
Author-X-Name-First: Jessica
Author-X-Name-Last: Godwin
Author-Name: Yanjun He
Author-X-Name-First: Yanjun
Author-X-Name-Last: He
Author-Name: Samuel J. Clark
Author-X-Name-First: Samuel J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Clark
Author-Name: Adrian E. Raftery
Author-X-Name-First: Adrian E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Raftery
Title: Probabilistic population projections for countries with generalized HIV/AIDS epidemics
Abstract:
In 2015, the United Nations (UN) issued probabilistic population projections for all countries up to 2100, by simulating future levels of total fertility and life expectancy and combining the results using a standard cohort component projection method. For the 40 countries with generalized HIV/AIDS epidemics, the mortality projections used the Spectrum/Estimation and Projection Package (EPP) model, a complex, multistate model designed for short-term projections of policy-relevant quantities for the epidemic. We propose a simpler approach that is more compatible with existing UN projection methods for other countries. Changes in life expectancy are projected probabilistically using a simple time series regression and then converted to age- and sex-specific mortality rates using model life tables designed for countries with HIV/AIDS epidemics. These are then input to the cohort component method, as for other countries. The method performed well in an out-of-sample cross-validation experiment. It gives similar short-run projections to Spectrum/EPP, while being simpler and avoiding multistate modelling.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 1-15
Issue: 1
Volume: 72
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2017.1401654
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2017.1401654
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:72:y:2018:i:1:p:1-15
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Deniz D. Karaman Örsal
Author-X-Name-First: Deniz D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Karaman Örsal
Author-Name: Joshua R. Goldstein
Author-X-Name-First: Joshua R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Goldstein
Title: The changing relationship between unemployment and total fertility
Abstract:
The aim of this paper is to investigate whether there has been a fundamental change in the relationship between economic conditions and fertility. We use panel data methods to study the short-term changes in total fertility and the unemployment rate in a range of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries from 1957 to 2014. We find that although fertility was counter-cyclical before 1970, with good economic times being associated with lower fertility, since then it has become pro-cyclical, with good economic times being associated with higher fertility.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 109-121
Issue: 1
Volume: 72
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2017.1404624
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2017.1404624
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:72:y:2018:i:1:p:109-121
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anne Løkke
Author-X-Name-First: Anne
Author-X-Name-Last: Løkke
Title: Mrs Stone and Dr Smellie: British eighteenth-century birth attendance and long-run levels and trends in maternal mortality discussed in a north European context
Abstract:
This is a book review turned research paper. The aim is to estimate the differences in the maternal mortality rate (MMR) between untrained midwives, expert midwives, and the famous obstetrician Dr Smellie in eighteenth-century Britain. The paper shows that the birth attendance practices of the expert midwife Mrs Stone and of Dr Smellie were very similar, though Stone used her hands whereas Smellie used forceps. Both applied the same invasive techniques to successfully deliver women with similar fatal complications, techniques that untrained midwives and most surgeons of the time could not perform. However, the same procedures, if used for normal births, would have increased the MMR. So, the key to the low MMR of both was that they kept interventions away from the majority of births that were normal. The paper quantifies the likely MMR for a ‘Stone and Smellie style’ birth attendance and concludes that the wider dissemination of their techniques can explain the decline in the British MMR.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 123-136
Issue: 1
Volume: 72
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2017.1415036
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2017.1415036
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:72:y:2018:i:1:p:123-136
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mats Lillehagen
Author-X-Name-First: Mats
Author-X-Name-Last: Lillehagen
Author-Name: Torkild Hovde Lyngstad
Author-X-Name-First: Torkild Hovde
Author-X-Name-Last: Lyngstad
Title: Immigrant mothers’ preferences for children’s sexes: A register-based study of fertility behaviour in Norway
Abstract:
Parental sex preferences have been documented in many native populations, but much less evidence is available on immigrants’ preferences for the sexes of their children. Using high-quality longitudinal register data from Norway, a country with a recent immigration history, we estimate hazards regression models of third birth risks by the sex composition of the first two children. A central question in the extant literature is whether the sex preferences of immigrant mothers match those observed in their country of origin, or if cultural adaption to local conditions is more important. Our analyses indicate that the sex preferences of immigrants generally match those previously documented for their native population, especially in the case of son preferences. The pattern of sex preferences is unmodified by the mother’s exposure to the host society. In sum, our evidence generally supports theories emphasizing cultural persistence in preferences, rather than theories of adaption or immigrant selectivity.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 91-107
Issue: 1
Volume: 72
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2017.1421254
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2017.1421254
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:72:y:2018:i:1:p:91-107
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Doreen Castle: 6 September 1924–3 January 2018
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 137-137
Issue: 1
Volume: 72
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2018.1436914
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2018.1436914
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:72:y:2018:i:1:p:137-137
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Govert E. Bijwaard
Author-X-Name-First: Govert E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Bijwaard
Author-Name: Per Tynelius
Author-X-Name-First: Per
Author-X-Name-Last: Tynelius
Author-Name: Mikko Myrskylä
Author-X-Name-First: Mikko
Author-X-Name-Last: Myrskylä
Title: Education, cognitive ability, and cause-specific mortality: A structural approach
Abstract:
Education is negatively associated with most major causes of death. Prior work ignores the premise that cause-specific hazards are interdependent and that both education and mortality depend on cognitive ability. We analyse Swedish men aged 18–63, focusing on months lost due to specific causes—which solves the interdependence problem—and use a structural model that accounts for confounding due to cognitive ability. In a standard Cox model controlling for Intelligence Quotient, improving education is associated with large decreases in mortality for major causes of death. In the structural model, improving education is associated with a small decrease in months lost for most causes and education levels. Among the least educated, however, improving education strongly reduces the months lost, mainly those lost from external causes, such as accidents and suicide. Results suggest that conventional analysis of education and mortality may be biased, even if accounting for observed cognition.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 217-232
Issue: 2
Volume: 73
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2018.1493135
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2018.1493135
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:73:y:2019:i:2:p:217-232
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hill Kulu
Author-X-Name-First: Hill
Author-X-Name-Last: Kulu
Author-Name: Tina Hannemann
Author-X-Name-First: Tina
Author-X-Name-Last: Hannemann
Title: Mixed marriage among immigrants and their descendants in the United Kingdom: Analysis of longitudinal data with missing information
Abstract:
This study investigates the formation of endogamous and exogamous marriages among immigrants and their descendants in the United Kingdom. We apply event history analysis to data from the Understanding Society study and use multiple imputation to determine the type of marriage for individuals with missing information on the origin of their spouse. The analysis shows, first, significant differences among immigrants and their descendants in the likelihood of marrying within and outside their ethnic groups. While immigrants from European countries have relatively high exogamous marriage rates, South Asians exhibit a high likelihood of marrying a partner from their own ethnic group; Caribbean people hold an intermediate position. Second, the descendants of immigrants have lower endogamous and higher exogamous marriage rates than their parents; however, for some ethnic groups, particularly South Asians, the differences across generations are small, suggesting that changes in marriage patterns have been slower than expected.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 179-196
Issue: 2
Volume: 73
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2018.1493136
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2018.1493136
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:73:y:2019:i:2:p:179-196
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thomas Spoorenberg
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas
Author-X-Name-Last: Spoorenberg
Title: Sixty years of change in Tibetan fertility: An assessment
Abstract:
Existing knowledge of Tibetan historical population development is mostly based on ‘best-guess’ estimates and is heavily politicized. Using census data, I reconstruct the development of Tibetan fertility in China since the 1940s, with the objective of providing an independent assessment that can be used as benchmark for future studies and debates on Tibetan demography. Following major social and economic transformations starting in the 1950s, Tibetan fertility unexpectedly increased from the late 1950s to the late 1960s. As noted in several existing studies, Tibetan fertility in China then declined swiftly from the early 1980s onwards and has now reached values close to replacement level. Focusing on the 1950–70 period, I examine factors that contributed to shaping the Tibetan fertility increase in more detail. This confirms that changes in nuptiality and disease-related infertility both played a role in pushing up fertility rates among Tibetan women in China.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 277-285
Issue: 2
Volume: 73
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2018.1499953
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2018.1499953
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:73:y:2019:i:2:p:277-285
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Monica J. Grant
Author-X-Name-First: Monica J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Grant
Author-Name: Isabel Pike
Author-X-Name-First: Isabel
Author-X-Name-Last: Pike
Title: Divorce, living arrangements, and material well-being during the transition to adulthood in rural Malawi
Abstract:
In this paper, we use longitudinal data to investigate how parental death and divorce influence young women’s own experience of divorce in Malawi, a setting where women marry relatively early and unions are fragile. We find that maternal death and parental divorce are positively associated with divorce for young women but, after controlling for socio-demographic and marital characteristics, only the association with maternal death remains statistically significant. Maternal and paternal death are both strongly associated with women’s post-divorce living arrangements, which in turn affects their material well-being. This finding suggests that divorcing at a young age shapes the subsequent life chances of women; although some women return to their parental home and may have the opportunity to reset the transition to adulthood, other women begin their 20s as head of their own household and with considerable material disadvantage.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 261-275
Issue: 2
Volume: 73
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2018.1545919
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2018.1545919
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:73:y:2019:i:2:p:261-275
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Simon Szreter
Author-X-Name-First: Simon
Author-X-Name-Last: Szreter
Title: Scotland’s Populations from the 1850s to Today
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 287-290
Issue: 2
Volume: 73
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2018.1549377
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2018.1549377
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:73:y:2019:i:2:p:287-290
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Susannah E. Gibbs
Author-X-Name-First: Susannah E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Gibbs
Author-Name: Yasamin Kusunoki
Author-X-Name-First: Yasamin
Author-X-Name-Last: Kusunoki
Author-Name: Elizabeth Colantuoni
Author-X-Name-First: Elizabeth
Author-X-Name-Last: Colantuoni
Author-Name: Caroline Moreau
Author-X-Name-First: Caroline
Author-X-Name-Last: Moreau
Title: Sexual activity and weekly contraceptive use among young adult women in Michigan
Abstract:
Past studies on the influence of sexual activity on contraceptive behaviours are inconclusive, relying heavily on cross-sectional data. We used a population-based longitudinal sample of young women in Michigan to evaluate weekly associations between sexual activity and contraceptive use at three levels of measurement: comparing between women, among individual women’s partnerships, and from week to week within partnerships. We used multinomial logistic regression accounting for correlations within partnerships and women. Relative to use of least effective methods, weekly sexual activity was significantly associated with increased use of condoms, pills, and highly effective methods. For pills and highly effective methods, partnership-, woman-, and week-level effects were similar. For condoms, there was no significant woman-level effect. Evidence of immediate effects of sexual activity on contraceptive use highlights the importance of longitudinal data. These dynamics may be diluted or missed altogether when relying on cross-sectional data approaches that compare groups of individuals.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 233-245
Issue: 2
Volume: 73
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2018.1552985
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2018.1552985
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:73:y:2019:i:2:p:233-245
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Philip Kreager
Author-X-Name-First: Philip
Author-X-Name-Last: Kreager
Title: Demographic Change and Long-Run Development
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 290-291
Issue: 2
Volume: 73
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2019.1568700
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2019.1568700
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:73:y:2019:i:2:p:290-291
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tak Wing Chan
Author-X-Name-First: Tak Wing
Author-X-Name-Last: Chan
Author-Name: Morag Henderson
Author-X-Name-First: Morag
Author-X-Name-Last: Henderson
Author-Name: Rachel Stuchbury
Author-X-Name-First: Rachel
Author-X-Name-Last: Stuchbury
Title: Family size and educational attainment in England and Wales
Abstract:
In this paper, we use linked census data from England and Wales to investigate whether having a large number of siblings leads to lower educational attainment. There is a large literature suggesting that with large sibship size, parental resources will be diluted and this, in turn, will lead to lower educational attainment. Using twin births and the sex composition of the sibling group as instrumental variables, we find that the evidence of a family size effect on educational attainment is rather uncertain. Similar results are obtained when we use occupational attainment as the dependent variable. We also demonstrate the confounding of birth order and family size effects, and show that an adjusted birth order index proposed by Booth and Kee provides an effective solution to this estimation problem.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 165-178
Issue: 2
Volume: 73
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2019.1577479
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2019.1577479
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:73:y:2019:i:2:p:165-178
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Bongaarts
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Bongaarts
Author-Name: Ann K. Blanc
Author-X-Name-First: Ann K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Blanc
Author-Name: Katharine J. McCarthy
Author-X-Name-First: Katharine J.
Author-X-Name-Last: McCarthy
Title: The links between women’s employment and children at home: Variations in low- and middle-income countries by world region
Abstract:
As fertility declines in low- and middle-income countries, the time women devote to childbearing and rearing may also be reduced. This shift has been described as one of the positive consequences of the demographic transition, as it opens opportunities for women to pursue educational and employment opportunities that were previously constrained by the demands of bearing and raising children. We estimate the numbers of children residing at home (with their mother) for women in 58 countries in Asia, Latin America, the Middle East and North Africa, and sub-Saharan Africa. We then examine the association between women’s employment and having children at home. Finally, we assess trends over recent decades in the relationship between employment and childbearing, and differences in this relationship by mother’s occupation. We find a negative association between women’s employment and having children at home; this association varies substantially by world region, age of child, and mother’s occupation.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 149-163
Issue: 2
Volume: 73
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2019.1581896
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2019.1581896
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:73:y:2019:i:2:p:149-163
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Giulia Ferrari
Author-X-Name-First: Giulia
Author-X-Name-Last: Ferrari
Author-Name: Ross Macmillan
Author-X-Name-First: Ross
Author-X-Name-Last: Macmillan
Title: Until work do us part: Labour migration and occupational stratification in non-cohabiting marriage
Abstract:
While recent decades have seen considerable research on cohabitation without marriage, the study of marriage without cohabitation has not fared as well. Prior work on the latter has emphasized the importance of occupational stratification, but ignored the social context around occupation, particularly regarding labour mobility and economic development. In this paper, we outline the significance of contemporary labour mobility and concomitant occupational stratification for the risk of non-cohabiting marriage, and use data from the IPUMS–International project to provide a cross-national accounting of non-cohabiting marriage. We focus on two issues: first, how does prevalence vary across countries, across time, and with respect to economic development? Second, how do the core dynamics of labour mobility—including migration, occupational status, and economic development—influence the probability of non-cohabiting marriage? Results indicate broad cross-national differences in prevalence, increasing risk over time, and a pattern of accumulating risk associated with multifaceted social disadvantage.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 197-216
Issue: 2
Volume: 73
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2019.1583359
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2019.1583359
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:73:y:2019:i:2:p:197-216
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Steve Smallwood
Author-X-Name-First: Steve
Author-X-Name-Last: Smallwood
Title: Why Demography Matters; Demography: A Very Short Introduction
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 291-294
Issue: 2
Volume: 73
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2019.1601360
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2019.1601360
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:73:y:2019:i:2:p:291-294
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xiana Bueno
Author-X-Name-First: Xiana
Author-X-Name-Last: Bueno
Author-Name: Mary C. Brinton
Author-X-Name-First: Mary C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Brinton
Title: Gender egalitarianism, perceived economic insecurity, and fertility intentions in Spain: A qualitative analysis
Abstract:
Economic uncertainty contributes to low fertility in many European countries. On the other hand, greater gender equality may positively influence fertility. This paper examines how these two forces interact in Spain. We use in-depth interviews to analyse fertility decision-making among young and highly educated partnered adults living in urban areas. Highly gender-egalitarian interviewees are less likely to perceive economic insecurity as an obstacle to proceeding to a next birth than less egalitarian interviewees. But there is not necessarily a difference in these two groups’ overall fertility intentions, as highly egalitarian interviewees’ greater valuation of stable employment for both partners requires institutional and policy support for dual-earner couples’ childrearing. When we look only at interviewees who express economic insecurity, somewhat higher fertility intentions are expressed by those holding less gender-egalitarian attitudes. Our results underline the complexity of the interrelationships between economic insecurity, gender egalitarianism, and fertility intentions.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 247-260
Issue: 2
Volume: 73
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2019.1604979
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2019.1604979
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:73:y:2019:i:2:p:247-260
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Thanks to reviewers of papers submitted 2017-2018
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 295-296
Issue: 2
Volume: 73
Year: 2019
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2019.1609758
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2019.1609758
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:73:y:2019:i:2:p:295-296
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Murphy
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Murphy
Author-Name: Mariachiara Di Cesare
Author-X-Name-First: Mariachiara
Author-X-Name-Last: Di Cesare
Title: Use of an age-period-cohort model to reveal the impact of cigarette smoking on trends in Twentieth-century adult cohort mortality in England and Wales
Abstract: We use an age-period-cohort (APC) model to estimate the contribution of smoking-related mortality to cohort changes in adult mortality in Britain since 1950. We show that lung cancer and overall mortality can be satisfactorily modelled using cohort relative risk and a fixed age pattern. The results of the model suggest that smoking by itself can account for a substantial fraction of change in cohort mortality for those born around the first half of the twentieth century. In particular, smoking provides an explanation for the higher-than-average improvement in the mortality of both males and females born around 1930. Our confidence in the correctness of the results of the models is strengthened by the fact that they are very similar to those of the Peto–Lopez and Preston–Glei–Wilmoth models that estimate the contribution of smoking-related to overall mortality.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 259-277
Issue: 3
Volume: 66
Year: 2012
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2012.678881
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2012.678881
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:66:y:2012:i:3:p:259-277
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Monica Grant
Author-X-Name-First: Monica
Author-X-Name-Last: Grant
Author-Name: Sara Yeatman
Author-X-Name-First: Sara
Author-X-Name-Last: Yeatman
Title: The relationship between orphanhood and child fostering in sub-Saharan Africa, 1990s–2000s
Abstract: In countries most afflicted by HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa, orphanhood has increased dramatically, but the potential consequences of the increase have been mitigated by the ability of households to absorb orphans. This paper examines what the rising levels of orphanhood mean for the common practice of non-orphan child fostering in regions of high and low HIV prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa, which has a long history of child fostering. Using Demographic and Health Survey data from 135 regions within 14 sub-Saharan countries that undertake HIV testing and have had at least two surveys, we examine changes in fostering patterns. In most regions, we find a more accommodating relationship between orphan and non-orphan fostering: communities are able to absorb the demand for both orphans and non-orphans. Where HIV prevalence exceeds 10 per cent there is some evidence that the need to care for orphans is beginning to reduce opportunities for non-orphan fostering.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 279-295
Issue: 3
Volume: 66
Year: 2012
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2012.681682
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2012.681682
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:66:y:2012:i:3:p:279-295
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: S. Bermúdez
Author-X-Name-First: S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Bermúdez
Author-Name: R. Blanquero
Author-X-Name-First: R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Blanquero
Author-Name: J. A. Hernández
Author-X-Name-First: J. A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hernández
Author-Name: J. Planelles
Author-X-Name-First: J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Planelles
Title: A new parametric model for fitting fertility curves
Abstract: What is the optimum way of describing the age-specific fertility pattern by mathematical functions? We propose a parametric fitting model, based on a mixture of Weibull functions, which performs well for countries where the fertility curve shows a non-traditional pattern. We also consider a simplified version of this model with a reduced number of parameters that can be applied to fit fertility curves in countries where the fertility pattern exhibits a classical shape. To test the new model, fertility curves for a range of countries and years are fitted empirically. The results show that both versions of the new model outperform existing procedures in most cases.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 297-310
Issue: 3
Volume: 66
Year: 2012
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2012.695802
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2012.695802
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:66:y:2012:i:3:p:297-310
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Abhishek Singh
Author-X-Name-First: Abhishek
Author-X-Name-Last: Singh
Author-Name: Satvika Chalasani
Author-X-Name-First: Satvika
Author-X-Name-Last: Chalasani
Author-Name: Michael Koenig
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Koenig
Author-Name: Bidhubhusan Mahapatra
Author-X-Name-First: Bidhubhusan
Author-X-Name-Last: Mahapatra
Title: The consequences of unintended births for maternal and child health in India
Abstract: Data from the Indian National Family Health Survey, 2005–06 were used to explore how pregnancy intention at the time of conception influences a variety of maternal and child health and health care outcomes. Results indicate that mistimed children are more likely than wanted children to be delivered without a skilled attendant present (OR = 1.3), to not receive all recommended vaccinations (OR = 1.4), and to die during the neonatal and postneonatal periods (OR = 1.8 and 2.6, respectively). Unwanted children are more likely than wanted children to not receive all recommended vaccinations (OR = 2.2), to be stunted (OR = 1.3), and to die during the neonatal, postneonatal, and early childhood periods (OR = 2.2, 3.6, and 5.9, respectively). Given the high levels of unintended fertility in India (21 per cent of all births), these are striking findings that underscore the importance of investments in family planning.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 223-239
Issue: 3
Volume: 66
Year: 2012
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2012.697568
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2012.697568
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:66:y:2012:i:3:p:223-239
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Máire Ní Bhrolcháin
Author-X-Name-First: Máire
Author-X-Name-Last: Ní Bhrolcháin
Author-Name: Éva Beaujouan
Author-X-Name-First: Éva
Author-X-Name-Last: Beaujouan
Title: Fertility postponement is largely due to rising educational enrolment
Abstract: The rise in educational enrolment is often cited as a possible cause of the trend to later childbearing in developed societies but direct evidence of its contribution to the aggregate change in fertility tempo is scarce. We show that rising enrolment, resulting in later ages at the end of education, accounts for a substantial part of the upward shift in the mean age at first birth in the 1980s and 1990s in Britain and in France. The postponement of first birth over that period has two components: a longer average period of enrolment and a post-enrolment component that is also related to educational level. The relationship between rising educational participation and the move to later fertility timing is almost certainly causal. Our findings therefore suggest that fertility tempo change is rooted in macro-economic and structural forces rather than in the cultural domain.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 311-327
Issue: 3
Volume: 66
Year: 2012
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2012.697569
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2012.697569
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:66:y:2012:i:3:p:311-327
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tom Moultrie
Author-X-Name-First: Tom
Author-X-Name-Last: Moultrie
Author-Name: Takudzwa Sayi
Author-X-Name-First: Takudzwa
Author-X-Name-Last: Sayi
Author-Name: Ian Timæus
Author-X-Name-First: Ian
Author-X-Name-Last: Timæus
Title: Birth intervals, postponement, and fertility decline in Africa: A new type of transition?
Abstract: We investigated birth-interval dynamics in 24 African countries using data from 76 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted since 1986. Controlling for selection bias in the birth-history data using the Brass–Juárez method and regression models produced almost identical results. Birth intervals have lengthened in every country examined. This analysis uncovered a distinctive and previously undocumented pattern of childbearing that is prevalent across sub-Saharan Africa. After allowing for time trends in birth-interval length, the lengthening of birth intervals in almost every country varies little by women's age or parity. Moreover, in several countries, birth intervals are now too long to be explicable by birth spacing contingent on the age of women's youngest child. Rather, women are postponing births for other reasons. These findings offer empirical support for the idea that the fertility transition in sub-Saharan Africa is following a different pattern from that observed elsewhere.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 241-258
Issue: 3
Volume: 66
Year: 2012
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2012.701660
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2012.701660
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:66:y:2012:i:3:p:241-258
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Arland Thornton
Author-X-Name-First: Arland
Author-X-Name-Last: Thornton
Author-Name: Dirgha Ghimire
Author-X-Name-First: Dirgha
Author-X-Name-Last: Ghimire
Author-Name: Colter Mitchell
Author-X-Name-First: Colter
Author-X-Name-Last: Mitchell
Title: The measurement and prevalence of an ideational model of family and economic development in Nepal
Abstract: Developmental idealism (DI) is a system of beliefs and values that endorses modern societies and families and sees them as occurring together, with modern families as causes and consequences of societal development. This study was motivated by the belief that the population of Nepal has absorbed these ideas and that the ideas affect their family behaviour. We use data collected in Nepal in 2003 to show that Nepalis discuss ideas about development and its relationship to family life and that DI has been widely accepted. It is related in predictable ways to education, paid employment, rural–urban residence, and mass media exposure. Although it would be useful to know its influence on demographic decision-making and behaviour, we cannot evaluate this with our one-time cross-sectional survey. Our data and theory suggest that this influence may be substantial.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 329-345
Issue: 3
Volume: 66
Year: 2012
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2012.714795
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2012.714795
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:66:y:2012:i:3:p:329-345
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Neville Morley
Author-X-Name-First: Neville
Author-X-Name-Last: Morley
Title: The Classical Foundations of Population Thought
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 347-348
Issue: 3
Volume: 66
Year: 2012
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2012.719716
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2012.719716
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:66:y:2012:i:3:p:347-348
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jan Van Bavel
Author-X-Name-First: Jan
Author-X-Name-Last: Van Bavel
Title: Economic, Social and Demographic Thought in the XIXth Century. The Population Debate from Malthus to Marx
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 348-351
Issue: 3
Volume: 66
Year: 2012
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2012.719718
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2012.719718
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:66:y:2012:i:3:p:348-351
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alice Reid
Author-X-Name-First: Alice
Author-X-Name-Last: Reid
Title: The Changing Body: Health, Nutrition and Human Development in the Western World since 1700
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 351-353
Issue: 3
Volume: 66
Year: 2012
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2012.719719
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2012.719719
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:66:y:2012:i:3:p:351-353
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Daniel Goodkind
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel
Author-X-Name-Last: Goodkind
Title: Cultivating Global Citizens: Population in the Rise of China
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 353-355
Issue: 3
Volume: 66
Year: 2012
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2012.719720
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2012.719720
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:66:y:2012:i:3:p:353-355
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Aderanti Adepoju
Author-X-Name-First: Aderanti
Author-X-Name-Last: Adepoju
Title: Child Migration in Africa
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 355-356
Issue: 3
Volume: 66
Year: 2012
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2012.719722
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2012.719722
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:66:y:2012:i:3:p:355-356
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sangeetha Madhavan
Author-X-Name-First: Sangeetha
Author-X-Name-Last: Madhavan
Title: Young People's Lives and Sexual Relationships in Rural Africa
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 356-358
Issue: 3
Volume: 66
Year: 2012
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2012.719724
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2012.719724
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:66:y:2012:i:3:p:356-358
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Online Editorial Board
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: ebi-ebi
Issue: 3
Volume: 66
Year: 2012
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2012.737188
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2012.737188
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:66:y:2012:i:3:p:ebi-ebi
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jennifer A. Holland
Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Holland
Author-Name: Helga A. G. de Valk
Author-X-Name-First: Helga A. G.
Author-X-Name-Last: de Valk
Title: Differences in labour force participation by motherhood status among second-generation Turkish and majority women across Europe
Abstract:
Second-generation Turkish immigrants make up an increasingly important segment of European labour markets. These young adults are entering the prime working ages and forming families. However, we have only a limited understanding of the relationship between labour force participation and parenthood among second-generation Turkish women. Using unique data from the Integration of the European Second Generation survey (2007/08), we compared the labour force participation of second-generation Turkish women with their majority-group counterparts by motherhood status in four countries. We found evidence that motherhood gaps, with respect to labour force participation, were similar for majority and second-generation Turkish women in Germany and in Sweden; however, there may be larger gaps for second-generation mothers than for majority women in the Netherlands and France. Cross-national findings were consistent with the view that national normative and social policy contexts are relevant for the labour force participation of all women, regardless of migrant background.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 363-378
Issue: 3
Volume: 71
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2017.1319495
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2017.1319495
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:71:y:2017:i:3:p:363-378
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dan A. Black
Author-X-Name-First: Dan A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Black
Author-Name: Yu-Chieh Hsu
Author-X-Name-First: Yu-Chieh
Author-X-Name-Last: Hsu
Author-Name: Seth G. Sanders
Author-X-Name-First: Seth G.
Author-X-Name-Last: Sanders
Author-Name: Lowell J. Taylor
Author-X-Name-First: Lowell J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Taylor
Title: Combining forward and backward mortality estimation
Abstract:
Demographers often form estimates by combining information from two data sources—a challenging problem when one or both data sources are incomplete. A classic example entails the construction of death probabilities, which requires death counts for the subpopulations under study and corresponding base population estimates. Approaches typically entail ‘back projection', as in Wrigley and Schofield's seminal analysis of historical English data, or ‘inverse’ or ‘forward projection’ as used by Lee in his important reanalysis of that work, both published in the 1980s. Our paper shows how forward and backward approaches can be optimally combined, using a generalized method of moments (GMM) framework. We apply the method to the estimation of death probabilities for relatively small subpopulations within the United States (men born 1930–39 by state of birth by birth cohort by race), combining data from vital statistics records and census samples.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 281-292
Issue: 3
Volume: 71
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2017.1319496
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2017.1319496
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:71:y:2017:i:3:p:281-292
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christophe Z. Guilmoto
Author-X-Name-First: Christophe Z.
Author-X-Name-Last: Guilmoto
Title: Gender bias in reproductive behaviour in Georgia, Indonesia, and Vietnam: An application of the own-children method
Abstract:
I present a method for estimating indicators of gender bias in reproductive behaviour, using microdata based on the own-children method. The method is first tested on a large sample from India with both birth history and household records. I then apply the method to Georgia, Indonesia, and Vietnam. My estimates demonstrate that the proportion of Georgian couples expressing a preference for sons in their fertility behaviour closely corresponds to the proportion resorting to sex selection at high parities. I show how individual Indonesian provinces provide examples of both son and daughter preference. The method also allows me to date the onset of sex imbalances at birth in Vietnam. The approach based on the own-children method therefore provides a unique tool for estimating the diversity and intensity of gender bias in reproductive behaviour.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 265-279
Issue: 3
Volume: 71
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2017.1330489
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2017.1330489
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:71:y:2017:i:3:p:265-279
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sarah R. Hayford
Author-X-Name-First: Sarah R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hayford
Author-Name: Victor Agadjanian
Author-X-Name-First: Victor
Author-X-Name-Last: Agadjanian
Title: Determined to stop? Longitudinal analysis of the desire to have no more children in rural Mozambique
Abstract:
Classic demographic theories conceptualize desired family size as a fixed goal that guides fertility intentions over the childbearing years. However, a growing body of research shows that fertility plans, even nominally long-term plans for completed childbearing, change in response to short-term conditions. Because of data limitations, much of this research has focused on low-fertility contexts, but short-term conditions are likely to be even more important in high-fertility contexts. This paper uses three waves of survey data collected in rural Mozambique to study predictors of the desire to stop childbearing in a context of relatively high fertility and high individual and social instability. We use fixed effects models to assess how women’s desires to stop childbearing are shaped by demographic factors, household economic conditions, and health status, controlling for constant individual characteristics. Results provide evidence that fertility desires both reflect stable underlying goals and evolve in response to individual and social circumstances.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 329-344
Issue: 3
Volume: 71
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2017.1334957
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2017.1334957
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:71:y:2017:i:3:p:329-344
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Julia A. Jennings
Author-X-Name-First: Julia A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Jennings
Author-Name: Luciana Quaranta
Author-X-Name-First: Luciana
Author-X-Name-Last: Quaranta
Author-Name: Tommy Bengtsson
Author-X-Name-First: Tommy
Author-X-Name-Last: Bengtsson
Title: Inequality and demographic response to short-term economic stress in North Orkney, Scotland, 1855–1910: Sector differences
Abstract:
We examine economic inequality and social differences in infant and child mortality, and fertility responses to food price changes in North Orkney, 1855–1910, using linked vital records. This small population featured a diverse occupational structure, limited land resources, and geographic isolation from mainland Scotland. Segments of Orkney’s non-agricultural working population were living so close to the margin of subsistence in normal years that an increase in food prices in bad years cost the lives of their children. Delayed childbearing, in addition to increased labour intensity, occupational diversification, and poor relief, failed to mitigate the negative effects of unfavourable prices in this group. While previous studies for Western Europe show a strong social gradient in mortality responses to food prices, and for Eastern Asia a strong household gradient, this study shows a strong sectoral gradient, indicating low standards of living for the non-agricultural working population well into the twentieth century.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 313-328
Issue: 3
Volume: 71
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2017.1346196
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2017.1346196
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:71:y:2017:i:3:p:313-328
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Susan B. Schaffnit
Author-X-Name-First: Susan B.
Author-X-Name-Last: Schaffnit
Author-Name: Rebecca Sear
Author-X-Name-First: Rebecca
Author-X-Name-Last: Sear
Title: Support for new mothers and fertility in the United Kingdom: Not all support is equal in the decision to have a second child
Abstract:
Low fertility across Europe highlights the need to understand reproductive decisions in high-income countries better. Availability of support may be one factor influencing reproductive decisions, though within high-income countries availability varies between environments, including socio-economic environments. We test whether receiving higher levels of support, from different sources (informal and formal) and of different types (practical and emotional), is positively correlated with second births in the United Kingdom (UK) Millennium Cohort Study, and whether these relationships differ by socio-economic position (SEP). Our hypothesis is only partially supported: receiving emotional support correlates with higher likelihood of second birth, but the opposite is true for practical support. Availability of different types of support varies across SEP, but relationships between support and fertility are similar, with one exception: kin-provided childcare increases the likelihood of birth only among lower-SEP women. Our results highlight that not all support is equal in the decision to have a second child.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 345-361
Issue: 3
Volume: 71
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2017.1349924
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2017.1349924
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:71:y:2017:i:3:p:345-361
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Aude Bernard
Author-X-Name-First: Aude
Author-X-Name-Last: Bernard
Title: Levels and patterns of internal migration in Europe: A cohort perspective
Abstract:
Europe displays important variations in the level of internal migration, with a clear spatial gradient of high mobility in northern and western Europe but lower mobility in the south and east. However, cross-national variation in levels of internal migration remains poorly understood, because it is analysed almost exclusively using cross-sectional data and period measures. This paper seeks to advance understanding of cross-national variation in migration levels in 14 European countries by drawing on a recently proposed suite of migration cohort measures, coupled with internationally comparable retrospective residential histories. It shows that differences in migration levels are mainly attributable to variation in the extent of repeat movement, which is underpinned by the differences in mean ages at first and last move that together delineate the average length of migration careers. Cohort analysis provides a robust foundation for exploring the demographic mechanisms underpinning variation in migration levels across countries and over time.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 293-311
Issue: 3
Volume: 71
Year: 2017
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2017.1360932
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2017.1360932
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:71:y:2017:i:3:p:293-311
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elyse A. Jennings
Author-X-Name-First: Elyse A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Jennings
Title: Family composition and marital dissolution in rural Nepal, 1945–2008
Abstract:
The presence, number, sex, and age composition of children within families can have important influences on couples’ marital outcomes. Children are valued across settings, but their value in settings where there is an absence of formalized social security is distinctive. This paper explores the influences of childlessness, and different number, age, and sex compositions of children, on the odds of marital dissolution among couples in rural Nepal. Results reveal that childless couples face significantly higher odds of dissolution than couples with at least one child, and each additional child—up to three children—reduces couples’ odds of dissolution. Furthermore, having a child aged under two reduces couples’ odds of marital dissolution, but interactions reveal that this age effect only holds at parity one. Surprisingly, despite a history of son preference in this setting, there is no evidence that children’s within-parity sex composition is associated with the odds of marital dissolution.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 229-248
Issue: 2
Volume: 71
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2017.1282622
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2017.1282622
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:71:y:2017:i:2:p:229-248
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Bongaarts
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Bongaarts
Author-Name: Barbara S. Mensch
Author-X-Name-First: Barbara S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Mensch
Author-Name: Ann K. Blanc
Author-X-Name-First: Ann K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Blanc
Title: Trends in the age at reproductive transitions in the developing world: The role of education
Abstract:
Girls’ school participation has expanded considerably in the developing world over the last few decades, a phenomenon expected to have substantial consequences for reproductive behaviour. Using Demographic and Health Survey data from 43 countries, this paper examines trends and differentials in the mean ages at three critical life-cycle events for young women: first sexual intercourse, first marriage, and first birth. We measure the extent to which trends in the timing of these events are driven either by the changing educational composition of populations or by changes in behaviour within education groups. Mean ages have risen over time in all regions for all three events, except age at first sex in Latin America and the Caribbean. Results from a decomposition exercise indicate that increases in educational attainment, rather than trends within education groups, are primarily responsible for the overall trends. Possible explanations for these findings are discussed.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 139-154
Issue: 2
Volume: 71
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2017.1291986
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2017.1291986
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:71:y:2017:i:2:p:139-154
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jesús J. Sánchez-Barricarte
Author-X-Name-First: Jesús J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Sánchez-Barricarte
Title: Mortality–fertility synergies during the demographic transition in the developed world
Abstract:
The classic theory used to explain the demographic transition assumes that mortality is the key explanatory variable influencing the decline in fertility. However, the empirical results obtained in what is known as the Princeton European Fertility Project have led many specialists to question this assumption. Using both national and provincial aggregated data for 25 countries over a long time span, the analysis reported in this paper found that mortality does indeed play a fundamental role in accounting for the main demographic changes that occurred both before and during the transitional period. Others’ research based on individual data has shown clearly that the number of surviving children was indeed an important factor for reproductive decisions. My analysis, using aggregated data, reached largely similar conclusions regarding the role of mortality in changing reproductive trends, via its impact on nuptiality and marital fertility at different stages of the demographic transition.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 155-170
Issue: 2
Volume: 71
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2017.1294701
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2017.1294701
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:71:y:2017:i:2:p:155-170
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Margaret Frye
Author-X-Name-First: Margaret
Author-X-Name-Last: Frye
Author-Name: Lauren Bachan
Author-X-Name-First: Lauren
Author-X-Name-Last: Bachan
Title: The demography of words: The global decline in non-numeric fertility preferences, 1993–2011
Abstract:
This paper examines the decline in non-numeric responses to questions about fertility preferences among women in the developing world. These types of response—such as ‘don’t know’ or ‘it’s up to God’—have often been interpreted through the lens of fertility transition theory as an indication that reproduction has not yet entered women’s ‘calculus of conscious choice’. However, this has yet to be investigated cross-nationally and over time. Using 19 years of data from 32 countries, we find that non-numeric fertility preferences decline most substantially in the early stages of a country’s fertility transition. Using country-specific and multilevel models, we explore the individual- and contextual-level characteristics associated with women’s likelihood of providing a non-numeric response to questions about their fertility preferences. Non-numeric fertility preferences are influenced by a host of social factors, with educational attainment and knowledge of contraception being the most robust and consistent predictors.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 187-209
Issue: 2
Volume: 71
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2017.1304565
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2017.1304565
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:71:y:2017:i:2:p:187-209
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Daniel E. Martínez
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Martínez
Author-Name: Jeremy Slack
Author-X-Name-First: Jeremy
Author-X-Name-Last: Slack
Author-Name: Kraig Beyerlein
Author-X-Name-First: Kraig
Author-X-Name-Last: Beyerlein
Author-Name: Prescott Vandervoet
Author-X-Name-First: Prescott
Author-X-Name-Last: Vandervoet
Author-Name: Kristin Klingman
Author-X-Name-First: Kristin
Author-X-Name-Last: Klingman
Author-Name: Paola Molina
Author-X-Name-First: Paola
Author-X-Name-Last: Molina
Author-Name: Shiras Manning
Author-X-Name-First: Shiras
Author-X-Name-Last: Manning
Author-Name: Melissa Burham
Author-X-Name-First: Melissa
Author-X-Name-Last: Burham
Author-Name: Kylie Walzak
Author-X-Name-First: Kylie
Author-X-Name-Last: Walzak
Author-Name: Kristen Valencia
Author-X-Name-First: Kristen
Author-X-Name-Last: Valencia
Author-Name: Lorenzo Gamboa
Author-X-Name-First: Lorenzo
Author-X-Name-Last: Gamboa
Title: The Migrant Border Crossing Study: A methodological overview of research along the Sonora–Arizona border
Abstract:
Increased border enforcement efforts have redistributed unauthorized Mexican migration to the United States (US) away from traditional points of crossing, such as San Diego and El Paso, and into more remote areas along the US–Mexico border, including southern Arizona. Yet relatively little quantitative scholarly work exists examining Mexican migrants’ crossing, apprehension, and repatriation experiences in southern Arizona. We contend that if scholars truly want to understand the experiences of unauthorized migrants in transit, such migrants should be interviewed either at the border after being removed from the US, or during their trajectories across the border, or both. This paper provides a methodological overview of the Migrant Border Crossing Study (MBCS), a unique data source on Mexican migrants who attempted an unauthorized crossing along the Sonora–Arizona border, were apprehended, and repatriated to Nogales, Sonora in 2007–09. We also discuss substantive and theoretical contributions of the MBCS.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 249-264
Issue: 2
Volume: 71
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2017.1306093
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2017.1306093
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:71:y:2017:i:2:p:249-264
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Søren Kjærgaard
Author-X-Name-First: Søren
Author-X-Name-Last: Kjærgaard
Author-Name: Vladimir Canudas-Romo
Author-X-Name-First: Vladimir
Author-X-Name-Last: Canudas-Romo
Title: Potential support ratios: Cohort versus period perspectives
Abstract:
The ‘prospective potential support ratio’ has been proposed by researchers as a measure that accurately quantifies the burden of ageing, by identifying the fraction of a population that has passed a certain measure of longevity, for example, 17 years of life expectancy. Nevertheless, the prospective potential support ratio usually focuses on the current mortality schedule, or period life expectancy. Instead, in this paper we look at the actual mortality experienced by cohorts in a population, using cohort life tables. We analyse differences between the two perspectives using mortality models, historical data, and forecasted data. Cohort life expectancy takes future mortality improvements into account, unlike period life expectancy, leading to a higher prospective potential support ratio. Our results indicate that using cohort instead of period life expectancy returns around 0.5 extra younger people per older person among the analysed countries. We discuss the policy implications implied by our cohort measures.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 171-186
Issue: 2
Volume: 71
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2017.1310919
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2017.1310919
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:71:y:2017:i:2:p:171-186
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Laurie F. DeRose
Author-X-Name-First: Laurie F.
Author-X-Name-Last: DeRose
Author-Name: Andrés Salazar-Arango
Author-X-Name-First: Andrés
Author-X-Name-Last: Salazar-Arango
Author-Name: Paúl Corcuera García
Author-X-Name-First: Paúl
Author-X-Name-Last: Corcuera García
Author-Name: Montserrat Gas-Aixendri
Author-X-Name-First: Montserrat
Author-X-Name-Last: Gas-Aixendri
Author-Name: Reynaldo Rivera
Author-X-Name-First: Reynaldo
Author-X-Name-Last: Rivera
Title: Maternal union instability and childhood mortality risk in the Global South, 2010–14
Abstract:
Efforts to improve child survival in lower-income countries typically focus on fundamental factors such as economic resources and infrastructure provision, even though research from post-industrial countries confirms that family instability has important health consequences. We tested the association between maternal union instability and children’s mortality risk in Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, and Asia using children’s actual experience of mortality (discrete-time probit hazard models) as well as their experience of untreated morbidity (probit regression). Children of divorced/separated mothers experience compromised survival chances, but children of mothers who have never been in a union generally do not. Among children of partnered women, those whose mothers have experienced prior union transitions have a higher mortality risk. Targeting children of mothers who have experienced union instability—regardless of current union status—may augment ongoing efforts to reduce childhood mortality, especially in Africa and Latin America where union transitions are common.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 211-228
Issue: 2
Volume: 71
Year: 2017
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2017.1316866
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2017.1316866
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:71:y:2017:i:2:p:211-228
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Silvia Bermúdez
Author-X-Name-First: Silvia
Author-X-Name-Last: Bermúdez
Author-Name: Rafael Blanquero
Author-X-Name-First: Rafael
Author-X-Name-Last: Blanquero
Title: Optimization models for degrouping population data
Abstract:
In certain countries population data are available in grouped form only, usually as quinquennial age groups plus a large open-ended range for the elderly. However, official statistics call for data by individual age since many statistical operations, such as the calculation of demographic indicators, require the use of ungrouped population data. In this paper a number of mathematical models are proposed which, starting from population data given in age groups, enable these ranges to be degrouped into age-specific population values without leaving a fractional part. Unlike other existing procedures for disaggregating demographic data, ours makes it possible to process several years' data simultaneously in a coherent way, and provides accurate results longitudinally as well as transversally. This procedure is also shown to be helpful in dealing with degrouped population data affected by noise, such as those affected by the age-heaping phenomenon.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 259-272
Issue: 2
Volume: 70
Year: 2016
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2016.1158853
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2016.1158853
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:70:y:2016:i:2:p:259-272
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pieter van Baal
Author-X-Name-First: Pieter
Author-X-Name-Last: van Baal
Author-Name: Frederik Peters
Author-X-Name-First: Frederik
Author-X-Name-Last: Peters
Author-Name: Johan Mackenbach
Author-X-Name-First: Johan
Author-X-Name-Last: Mackenbach
Author-Name: Wilma Nusselder
Author-X-Name-First: Wilma
Author-X-Name-Last: Nusselder
Title: Forecasting differences in life expectancy by education
Abstract:
Forecasts of life expectancy (LE) have fuelled debates about the sustainability and dependability of pension and healthcare systems. Of relevance to these debates are inequalities in LE by education. In this paper, we present a method of forecasting LE for different educational groups within a population. As a basic framework we use the Li–Lee model that was developed to forecast mortality coherently for different groups. We adapted this model to distinguish between overall, sex-specific, and education-specific trends in mortality, and extrapolated these time trends in a flexible manner. We illustrate our method for the population aged 65 and over in the Netherlands, using several data sources and spanning different periods. The results suggest that LE is likely to increase for all educational groups, but that differences in LE between educational groups will widen. Sensitivity analyses illustrate the advantages of our proposed method.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 201-216
Issue: 2
Volume: 70
Year: 2016
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2016.1159718
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2016.1159718
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:70:y:2016:i:2:p:201-216
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hannaliis Jaadla
Author-X-Name-First: Hannaliis
Author-X-Name-Last: Jaadla
Author-Name: Allan Puur
Author-X-Name-First: Allan
Author-X-Name-Last: Puur
Title: The impact of water supply and sanitation on infant mortality: Individual-level evidence from Tartu, Estonia, 1897–1900
Abstract:
Evidence from a number of historical studies has demonstrated a strong impact of the provision of clean water on mortality risks, while no clear effect has been reported in others. We investigated the relationship between water supply, sanitation, and infant survival in Tartu, a university town in Estonia, 1897–1900. Based on data from parish registers, which were linked to the first census of the Russian Empire, the analysis reveals a clear disadvantage for infants in households using surface water, compared with families that acquired water from groundwater or artesian wells. The impact is stronger in the later stages of infancy. Competing-risk analysis shows that the effect is more pronounced for deaths caused by diseases of the digestive system. Our findings suggest that it may have been possible to improve the water supply, and consequently reduce infant mortality, before the introduction of piped water and sewage systems.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 163-179
Issue: 2
Volume: 70
Year: 2016
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2016.1176237
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2016.1176237
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:70:y:2016:i:2:p:163-179
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Murphy
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Murphy
Title: The effect of long-term migration dynamics on population structure in England & Wales and Scotland
Abstract:
We investigated the effect of migration on population dynamics in England & Wales and Scotland from the mid-nineteenth century to the present by comparing actual population size and structure with estimates based on zero net migration from a range of starting dates. In this period, Scotland had the largest net outflow among countries in Europe for which detailed information is available, whereas overall net migration in England & Wales was close to zero. In the absence of migration, population would have been over twice as large in Scotland in 2013 as the actual value, but similar to its actual value in England & Wales. Levels and pace of population ageing have been broadly similar in both countries, so the major impact of differential migration has been on population size rather than structure. We discuss these findings in relation to the debate on migration policy between political parties supporting and opposing independence in the 2014 Scottish referendum.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 149-162
Issue: 2
Volume: 70
Year: 2016
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2016.1185140
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2016.1185140
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:70:y:2016:i:2:p:149-162
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Peter McDonald
Author-X-Name-First: Peter
Author-X-Name-Last: McDonald
Author-Name: Ian Pool
Author-X-Name-First: Ian
Author-X-Name-Last: Pool
Title: Jack Caldwell 1928–2016
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 141-148
Issue: 2
Volume: 70
Year: 2016
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2016.1189648
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2016.1189648
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:70:y:2016:i:2:p:141-148
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nick Parr
Author-X-Name-First: Nick
Author-X-Name-Last: Parr
Author-Name: Jackie Li
Author-X-Name-First: Jackie
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Author-Name: Leonie Tickle
Author-X-Name-First: Leonie
Author-X-Name-Last: Tickle
Title: A cost of living longer: Projections of the effects of prospective mortality improvement on economic support ratios for 14 advanced economies
Abstract:
The economic implications of increasing life expectancy are important concerns for governments in developed countries. The aims of this study were as follows: (i) to forecast mortality for 14 developed countries from 2010 to 2050, using the Poisson Common Factor Model; (ii) to project the effects of the forecast mortality patterns on support ratios; and (iii) to calculate labour force participation increases which could offset these effects. The forecast gains in life expectancy correlate negatively with current fertility. Pre-2050 support ratios are projected to fall most in Japan and east-central and southern Europe, and least in Sweden and Australia. A post-2050 recovery is projected for most east-central and southern European countries. The increases in labour force participation needed to counterbalance the effects of mortality improvement are greatest for Japan, Poland, and the Czech Republic, and least for the USA, Canada, Netherlands, and Sweden. The policy implications are discussed.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 181-200
Issue: 2
Volume: 70
Year: 2016
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2016.1190029
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2016.1190029
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:70:y:2016:i:2:p:181-200
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elina Einiö
Author-X-Name-First: Elina
Author-X-Name-Last: Einiö
Author-Name: Jessica Nisén
Author-X-Name-First: Jessica
Author-X-Name-Last: Nisén
Author-Name: Pekka Martikainen
Author-X-Name-First: Pekka
Author-X-Name-Last: Martikainen
Title: Number of children and later-life mortality among Finns born 1938–50
Abstract:
We investigated the association between number of offspring and later-life mortality of Finnish men and women born 1938–50, and whether the association was explained by living conditions in own childhood and adulthood, chronic conditions, fertility timing, and unobserved characteristics common to siblings. We used a longitudinal 1950 census sample to estimate mortality at ages 50–72. Relative to parents of two children, all-cause mortality is highest among childless men and women, and elevated among those with one child, independently of observed confounders. Fixed-effect models, which control for unobserved characteristics shared by siblings, clearly support these findings among men. Cardiovascular mortality is higher among men with no, one, or at least four children than among those with two. Living conditions in adulthood contribute to the association between the number of children and mortality to a greater extent than childhood background, and chronic conditions contribute to the excess mortality of the childless.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 217-238
Issue: 2
Volume: 70
Year: 2016
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2016.1195506
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2016.1195506
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:70:y:2016:i:2:p:217-238
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Barbara S. Okun
Author-X-Name-First: Barbara S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Okun
Title: An investigation of the unexpectedly high fertility of secular, native-born Jews in Israel
Abstract:
Secular, native-born Jews in Israel enjoy the socio-economic status of many affluent populations living in other democratic countries, but have above-replacement period and cohort fertility. This study revealed a constellation of interrelated factors which together characterize the socio-economic, cultural, and political environment of this fertility behaviour and set it apart from that of other advanced societies. The factors are: a combination of state and family support for childbearing; a dual emphasis on the social importance of women's employment and fertility; policies that support working mothers within a conservative welfare regime; a family system in which parents provide significant financial and caregiving aid to their adult children; relatively egalitarian gender-role attitudes and household behaviour; the continuing importance of familist ideology and of marriage as a social institution; the role of Jewish nationalism and collective behaviour in a religious society characterized by ethno-national conflict; and a discourse which defines women as the biological reproducers of the nation.Supplementary material for this article is available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2016.1195913
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 239-257
Issue: 2
Volume: 70
Year: 2016
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2016.1195913
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2016.1195913
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:70:y:2016:i:2:p:239-257
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Heather Joshi
Author-X-Name-First: Heather
Author-X-Name-Last: Joshi
Title: The Life Project: The Extraordinary Story of Our Ordinary Lives
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 134-135
Issue: 1
Volume: 71
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2016.1191811
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2016.1191811
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:71:y:2017:i:1:p:134-135
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Cleland
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Cleland
Title: Sociology as a Population Science
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 133-134
Issue: 1
Volume: 71
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2016.1201269
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2016.1201269
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:71:y:2017:i:1:p:133-134
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martin Dribe
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Dribe
Author-Name: Marco Breschi
Author-X-Name-First: Marco
Author-X-Name-Last: Breschi
Author-Name: Alain Gagnon
Author-X-Name-First: Alain
Author-X-Name-Last: Gagnon
Author-Name: Danielle Gauvreau
Author-X-Name-First: Danielle
Author-X-Name-Last: Gauvreau
Author-Name: Heidi A. Hanson
Author-X-Name-First: Heidi A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hanson
Author-Name: Thomas N. Maloney
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas N.
Author-X-Name-Last: Maloney
Author-Name: Stanislao Mazzoni
Author-X-Name-First: Stanislao
Author-X-Name-Last: Mazzoni
Author-Name: Joseph Molitoris
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph
Author-X-Name-Last: Molitoris
Author-Name: Lucia Pozzi
Author-X-Name-First: Lucia
Author-X-Name-Last: Pozzi
Author-Name: Ken R. Smith
Author-X-Name-First: Ken R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Smith
Author-Name: Hélène Vézina
Author-X-Name-First: Hélène
Author-X-Name-Last: Vézina
Title: Socio-economic status and fertility decline: Insights from historical transitions in Europe and North America
Abstract:
The timings of historical fertility transitions in different regions are well understood by demographers, but much less is known regarding their specific features and causes. In the study reported in this paper, we used longitudinal micro-level data for five local populations in Europe and North America to analyse the relationship between socio-economic status and fertility during the fertility transition. Using comparable analytical models and class schemes for each population, we examined the changing socio-economic differences in marital fertility and related these to common theories on fertility behaviour. Our results do not provide support for the hypothesis of universally high fertility among the upper classes in pre-transitional society, but do support the idea that the upper classes acted as forerunners by reducing their fertility before other groups. Farmers and unskilled workers were the latest to start limiting their fertility. Apart from these similarities, patterns of class differences in fertility varied significantly between populations.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 3-21
Issue: 1
Volume: 71
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2016.1253857
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2016.1253857
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:71:y:2017:i:1:p:3-21
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Warren B. Miller
Author-X-Name-First: Warren B.
Author-X-Name-Last: Miller
Author-Name: Jennifer S. Barber
Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Barber
Author-Name: Paul Schulz
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Schulz
Title: Do perceptions of their partners’ childbearing desires affect young women’s pregnancy risk? Further study of ambivalence
Abstract:
We explore whether young women’s perceptions of their sexual partners’ childbearing desires contribute to their risk of pregnancy. We used weekly journal data collected from 787 young women to measure their childbearing desires and their perceptions of their partners’ childbearing desires. We then conducted hazard modelling to predict pregnancy risk with variables based on interactions between the women’s desires and their perceived partners’ desires. Models that include perceived partners’ desires perform better than one based on women’s desires alone. The best model contains three significant predictors: one confirms the importance of pronatal, ambivalent, and indifferent desires for pregnancy risk; one indicates that the perceived partners’ antinatal desires reduce women’s pregnancy risk; and one suggests that women who both perceive their partners accurately and are in agreement with them have a lower pregnancy risk. The results indicate that perceived partner data can improve prediction and enhance our understanding of pregnancy risk.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 101-116
Issue: 1
Volume: 71
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2016.1253858
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2016.1253858
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:71:y:2017:i:1:p:101-116
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Francesco Scalone
Author-X-Name-First: Francesco
Author-X-Name-Last: Scalone
Author-Name: Patrizia Agati
Author-X-Name-First: Patrizia
Author-X-Name-Last: Agati
Author-Name: Aurora Angeli
Author-X-Name-First: Aurora
Author-X-Name-Last: Angeli
Author-Name: Annalisa Donno
Author-X-Name-First: Annalisa
Author-X-Name-Last: Donno
Title: Exploring unobserved heterogeneity in perinatal and neonatal mortality risks: The case of an Italian sharecropping community, 1900–39
Abstract:
Previous researchers have found that traditional determinants explain only a limited part of the variation in perinatal and infant mortality at the family level. In the study reported in this paper, we explored the factors that make the perinatal/neonatal death risk more heterogeneous across families. We estimated logistic regressions with cluster random effects at the maternal level, using data from the Italian village of Granarolo from 1900 to 1939. We estimated the effects of selected predictors on perinatal/neonatal mortality and unexplained inter-family variation. We found that non-rural skilled and lower-skilled workers experienced higher perinatal and neonatal mortality risks. Unexplained heterogeneity at the maternal level was lower for women living in sharecropper families than for those in landless labourer and non-rural worker families. Unexplained perinatal and neonatal mortality components were also due to socio-economic differences and were not necessarily related only to maternal biological features or shared genetic frailty.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 23-41
Issue: 1
Volume: 71
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2016.1254812
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2016.1254812
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:71:y:2017:i:1:p:23-41
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ronald Kwon
Author-X-Name-First: Ronald
Author-X-Name-Last: Kwon
Author-Name: Augustine Kposowa
Author-X-Name-First: Augustine
Author-X-Name-Last: Kposowa
Title: Shifting racial hierarchies: An analysis of residential segregation among multi-racial and mono-racial groups in the United States
Abstract:
Multi-racial (mixed-race) people constitute a growing percentage of the United States (US) population. The study reported in this paper used residential segregation measures as a proxy for social distance, to examine whether segregation levels of multi-racial groups differ from those of mono-racial groups in the US in 2010. First, we find that all multi-racial groups considered in the study experience lower levels of segregation at county level than their mono-racial counterparts. However, black-whites and Hispanic-whites experience higher levels of segregation than other multi-racial groups. Second, we find region and minority composition of counties are associated significantly with segregation levels for multi-racial groups, but relative income is not.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 83-99
Issue: 1
Volume: 71
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2016.1254813
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2016.1254813
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:71:y:2017:i:1:p:83-99
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anna Baranowska-Rataj
Author-X-Name-First: Anna
Author-X-Name-Last: Baranowska-Rataj
Author-Name: Kieron Barclay
Author-X-Name-First: Kieron
Author-X-Name-Last: Barclay
Author-Name: Martin Kolk
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Kolk
Title: The effect of number of siblings on adult mortality: Evidence from Swedish registers for cohorts born between 1938 and 1972
Abstract:
Demographic research has paid much attention to the impact of childhood conditions on adult mortality. We focus on one of the key aspects of early life conditions, sibling group size, and examine the causal effect of growing up in a large family on mortality. While previous studies have focused on low- or middle-income countries, we examine whether growing up in a large family is a disadvantage in Sweden, a context where most parents have adequate resources, which are complemented by a generous welfare state. We used Swedish register data and frailty models, examining all-cause and cause-specific mortality between the ages of 40 and 74 for the 1938–72 cohorts, and also a quasi-experimental approach that exploited multiple births as a source of exogenous variation in the number of siblings. Overall our results do not indicate that growing up in a large family has a detrimental effect on longevity in Sweden.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 43-63
Issue: 1
Volume: 71
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2016.1260755
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2016.1260755
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:71:y:2017:i:1:p:43-63
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sangeetha Madhavan
Author-X-Name-First: Sangeetha
Author-X-Name-Last: Madhavan
Author-Name: Shelley Clark
Author-X-Name-First: Shelley
Author-X-Name-Last: Clark
Author-Name: Donatien Beguy
Author-X-Name-First: Donatien
Author-X-Name-Last: Beguy
Author-Name: Caroline W. Kabiru
Author-X-Name-First: Caroline W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Kabiru
Author-Name: Mark Gross
Author-X-Name-First: Mark
Author-X-Name-Last: Gross
Title: Moving beyond the household: Innovations in data collection on kinship
Abstract:
Across settings, it has been shown that the co-residential household is an insufficient measure of family structure and support. However, it continues to be the primary means of population data collection. To address this problem, we developed a new instrument, the Kinship Support Tree (KST), to collect kinship structure and support data on co-residential and non-residential kin and tested it on a sample of 462 single mothers and their children in a slum community in Nairobi, Kenya. This instrument is unique in four important ways: (1) it is not limited to the co-residential household; (2) it distinguishes potential from functional kin; (3) it incorporates multiple geospatial measures; and (4) it collects data on kin relationships specifically for children. In this paper, we describe the KST instrument, assess the data collected in comparison to data from household rosters, and consider the challenges and feasibility of administration of the KST.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 117-132
Issue: 1
Volume: 71
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2016.1262965
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2016.1262965
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:71:y:2017:i:1:p:117-132
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Steve Smallwood
Author-X-Name-First: Steve
Author-X-Name-Last: Smallwood
Title: Dynamic Demographic Analysis
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 135-137
Issue: 1
Volume: 71
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2016.1269973
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2016.1269973
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:71:y:2017:i:1:p:135-137
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jona Schellekens
Author-X-Name-First: Jona
Author-X-Name-Last: Schellekens
Title: The marriage boom and marriage bust in the United States: An age–period–cohort analysis
Abstract:
In the 1950s and 1960s there was an unprecedented marriage boom in the United States. This was followed in the 1970s by a marriage bust. Some argue that both phenomena are cohort effects, while others argue that they are period effects. The study reported here tested the major period and cohort theories of the marriage boom and bust, by estimating an age–period–cohort model of first marriage for the years 1925–79 using census microdata. The results of the analysis indicate that the marriage boom was mostly a period effect, although there were also cohort influences. More specifically, the hypothesis that the marriage boom was mostly a response to rising wages is shown to be consistent with the data. However, much of the marriage bust can be accounted for by unidentified cohort influences, at least until 1980.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 65-82
Issue: 1
Volume: 71
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2016.1271140
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2016.1271140
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:71:y:2017:i:1:p:65-82
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Thanks to reviewers of papers submitted 2015–2016
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 1-2
Issue: 1
Volume: 71
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2017.1287989
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2017.1287989
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:71:y:2017:i:1:p:1-2
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jennifer Lauby
Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer
Author-X-Name-Last: Lauby
Author-Name: Oded Stark
Author-X-Name-First: Oded
Author-X-Name-Last: Stark
Author-Person: pst393
Title: Individual Migration as a Family Strategy: Young Women in the Philippines
Abstract: Migration behaviour by individuals, migration decisions and migration outcomes are not neutral to the needs and constraints facing the migrants' families who stay put. In this paper evidence from the Philippines is presented and analysed which suggests that the choice of migrant members and migration destination are largely determined by familial characteristics. Several interesting insights into the migration process are obtained. The standard human-capital approach explains the inverse relationship between the age of migrants and the propensity to migrate through the longer pay-off period facing the young. However, it is found that the young age of migrants can be explained by their greater amenability to familial income needs and familial manipulation. This amenability also seems to explain the preference for daughters over sons as migrants. Likewise, the initial labour-market performance of migrants is accounted for not, as in human-capital theory, by migrants' low skill levels but rather by familial needs which mandate participation in labour-market activities that secure certain if low short-run returns.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 157-173
Issue: 3
Volume: 42
Year: 1988
X-DOI: 10.1080/0032472031000143596
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2017.1411969
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:42:y:1988:i:3:p:157-173
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jonathan Gray
Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan
Author-X-Name-Last: Gray
Author-Name: Jason Hilton
Author-X-Name-First: Jason
Author-X-Name-Last: Hilton
Author-Name: Jakub Bijak
Author-X-Name-First: Jakub
Author-X-Name-Last: Bijak
Title: Choosing the choice: Reflections on modelling decisions and behaviour in demographic agent-based models
Abstract:
This paper investigates the issues associated with choosing appropriate models of choice for demographic agent-based models. In particular, we discuss the importance of context, time preference, and dealing with uncertainty in decision modelling, as well as the heterogeneity between agents in their decision-making strategies. The paper concludes by advocating empirically driven, modular, and multi-model approaches to designing simulations of human decision-making, given the lack of an agreed strategy for dealing with any of these issues. Furthermore, we suggest that an iterative process of data collection and simulation experiments, with the latter informing future empirical data collection, should form the basis of such an endeavour. The discussion is illustrated with reference to selected demographic agent-based models, with a focus on migration.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 85-97
Issue: 0
Volume: 71
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2017.1350280
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2017.1350280
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:71:y:2017:i:0:p:85-97
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anna Klabunde
Author-X-Name-First: Anna
Author-X-Name-Last: Klabunde
Author-Name: Sabine Zinn
Author-X-Name-First: Sabine
Author-X-Name-Last: Zinn
Author-Name: Frans Willekens
Author-X-Name-First: Frans
Author-X-Name-Last: Willekens
Author-Name: Matthias Leuchter
Author-X-Name-First: Matthias
Author-X-Name-Last: Leuchter
Title: Multistate modelling extended by behavioural rules: An application to migration
Abstract:
We propose to extend demographic multistate models by adding a behavioural element: behavioural rules explain intentions and thus transitions. Our framework is inspired by the Theory of Planned Behaviour. We exemplify our approach with a model of migration from Senegal to France. Model parameters are determined using empirical data where available. Parameters for which no empirical correspondence exists are determined by calibration. Age- and period-specific migration rates are used for model validation. Our approach adds to the toolkit of demographic projection by allowing for shocks and social influence, which alter behaviour in non-linear ways, while sticking to the general framework of multistate modelling. Our simulations yield that higher income growth in Senegal leads to higher emigration rates in the medium term, while a decrease in fertility yields lower emigration rates.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 51-67
Issue: 0
Volume: 71
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2017.1350281
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2017.1350281
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:71:y:2017:i:0:p:51-67
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stefanie Kley
Author-X-Name-First: Stefanie
Author-X-Name-Last: Kley
Title: Facilitators and constraints at each stage of the migration decision process
Abstract:
Behavioural models of migration emphasize the importance of migration decision-making for the explanation of subsequent behaviour. But empirical migration research regularly finds considerable gaps between those who intend to migrate and those who actually realize their intention. This paper applies the Theory of Planned Behaviour, enriched by the Rubicon model, to test specific hypotheses about distinct effects of facilitators and constraints on specific stages of migration decision-making and behaviour. The data come from a tailor-made panel survey based on random samples of people drawn from two German cities in 2006–07. The results show that in conventional models the effects of facilitators and constraints on migration decision-making are likely to be underestimated. Splitting the process of migration decision-making into a pre-decisional and a pre-actional phase helps to avoid bias in the estimated effects of facilitators and constraints on both migration decision-making and migration behaviour.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 35-49
Issue: 0
Volume: 71
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2017.1359328
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2017.1359328
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:71:y:2017:i:0:p:35-49
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: André Grow
Author-X-Name-First: André
Author-X-Name-Last: Grow
Author-Name: Christine Schnor
Author-X-Name-First: Christine
Author-X-Name-Last: Schnor
Author-Name: Jan Van Bavel
Author-X-Name-First: Jan
Author-X-Name-Last: Van Bavel
Title: The reversal of the gender gap in education and relative divorce risks: A matter of alternatives in partner choice?
Abstract:
Recent evidence from the United States suggests that the reversal of the gender gap in education was associated with changes in relative divorce risks: hypogamous marriages, where the wife was more educated than the husband, used to have a higher divorce risk than hypergamous marriages, where the husband was more educated, but this difference has disappeared. One interpretation holds that this may result from cultural change, involving increasing social acceptance of hypogamy. We propose an alternative mechanism that need not presuppose cultural change: the gender-gap reversal in education has changed the availability of alternatives from which highly educated women and men can choose new partners. This may have lowered the likelihood of women leaving husbands with less education and encouraged men to leave less educated spouses. We applied an agent-based model to twelve European national marriage markets to illustrate that this could be sufficient to create a convergence in divorce risks.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 15-34
Issue: 0
Volume: 71
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2017.1371477
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2017.1371477
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:71:y:2017:i:0:p:15-34
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Frans Willekens
Author-X-Name-First: Frans
Author-X-Name-Last: Willekens
Author-Name: Jakub Bijak
Author-X-Name-First: Jakub
Author-X-Name-Last: Bijak
Author-Name: Anna Klabunde
Author-X-Name-First: Anna
Author-X-Name-Last: Klabunde
Author-Name: Alexia Prskawetz
Author-X-Name-First: Alexia
Author-X-Name-Last: Prskawetz
Title: The science of choice: an introduction
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 1-13
Issue: 0
Volume: 71
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2017.1376921
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2017.1376921
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:71:y:2017:i:0:p:1-13
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tom Warnke
Author-X-Name-First: Tom
Author-X-Name-Last: Warnke
Author-Name: Oliver Reinhardt
Author-X-Name-First: Oliver
Author-X-Name-Last: Reinhardt
Author-Name: Anna Klabunde
Author-X-Name-First: Anna
Author-X-Name-Last: Klabunde
Author-Name: Frans Willekens
Author-X-Name-First: Frans
Author-X-Name-Last: Willekens
Author-Name: Adelinde M. Uhrmacher
Author-X-Name-First: Adelinde M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Uhrmacher
Title: Modelling and simulating decision processes of linked lives: An approach based on concurrent processes and stochastic race
Abstract:
Individuals’ decision processes play a central role in understanding modern migration phenomena and other demographic processes. Their integration into agent-based computational demography depends largely on suitable support by a modelling language. We are developing the Modelling Language for Linked Lives (ML3) to describe the diverse decision processes of linked lives succinctly in continuous time. The context of individuals is modelled by networks the individual is part of, such as family ties and other social networks. Central concepts, such as behaviour conditional on agent attributes, age-dependent behaviour, and stochastic waiting times, are tightly integrated in the language. Thereby, alternative decisions are modelled by concurrent processes that compete by stochastic race. Using a migration model, we demonstrate how this allows for compact description of complex decisions, here based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour. We describe the challenges for the simulation algorithm posed by stochastic race between multiple concurrent complex decisions.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 69-83
Issue: 0
Volume: 71
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2017.1380960
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2017.1380960
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:71:y:2017:i:0:p:69-83
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Margaret Triyana
Author-X-Name-First: Margaret
Author-X-Name-Last: Triyana
Title: The effects of Indonesia's ‘Midwife in the Village’ programme 10 years post-launch
Abstract:
Data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (1993–2000) were used to examine whether the effects of the Indonesian ‘Midwife in the Village’ programme persisted more than 10 years after its implementation. The study followed up earlier studies of the programme’s effects by estimating its effects on pregnancy outcomes, using propensity-score matching applied to data collected after the 1997 Asian economic crisis. The results indicate that only the programme’s effect on the use of prenatal care services persisted, and that the loss of village midwives during the crisis had no significant effect on pregnancy outcomes.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 365-376
Issue: 3
Volume: 70
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2016.1145728
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2016.1145728
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:70:y:2016:i:3:p:365-376
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alexandre Gori Maia
Author-X-Name-First: Alexandre Gori
Author-X-Name-Last: Maia
Author-Name: Camila Strobl Sakamoto
Author-X-Name-First: Camila Strobl
Author-X-Name-Last: Sakamoto
Title: The impacts of rapid demographic transition on family structure and income inequality in Brazil, 1981–2011
Abstract:
This study analysed the impact of changing family structure on income distribution. Specifically, it analysed how changes in the proportions of different categories of family in the population contributed to increases in the income of the richest and poorest social strata in Brazil, and the consequent impacts on income inequality. Rural and urban families were compared in order to understand how these dynamics had different impacts on more developed (urban) and less developed (rural) areas. The results emphasize how changes observed in family structure are more pronounced among the richest families, contributing to an increase in (i) the income of the richest families and (ii) income inequality between the richest and poorest families, as well as between urban and rural areas.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 293-309
Issue: 3
Volume: 70
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2016.1201588
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2016.1201588
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:70:y:2016:i:3:p:293-309
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Eva Beaujouan
Author-X-Name-First: Eva
Author-X-Name-Last: Beaujouan
Author-Name: Zuzanna Brzozowska
Author-X-Name-First: Zuzanna
Author-X-Name-Last: Brzozowska
Author-Name: Kryštof Zeman
Author-X-Name-First: Kryštof
Author-X-Name-Last: Zeman
Title: The limited effect of increasing educational attainment on childlessness trends in twentieth-century Europe, women born 1916–65
Abstract:
During the twentieth century, trends in childlessness varied strongly across European countries while educational attainment grew continuously across them. Using census and large-scale survey data from 13 European countries, we investigated the relationship between these two factors among women born between 1916 and 1965. Up to the 1940 birth cohort, the share of women childless at age 40+ decreased universally. Afterwards, the trends diverged across countries. The results suggest that the overall trends were related mainly to changing rates of childlessness within educational groups and only marginally to changes in the educational composition of the population. Over time, childlessness levels of the medium-educated and high-educated became closer to those of the low-educated, but the difference in level between the two better educated groups remained stable in Western and Southern Europe and increased slightly in the East.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 275-291
Issue: 3
Volume: 70
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2016.1206210
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2016.1206210
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:70:y:2016:i:3:p:275-291
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jan Hoem
Author-X-Name-First: Jan
Author-X-Name-Last: Hoem
Author-Name: Lesia Nedoluzhko
Author-X-Name-First: Lesia
Author-X-Name-Last: Nedoluzhko
Title: The dangers of using ‘negative durations’ to estimate pre- and post-migration fertility
Abstract:
To keep childbearing that occurs before and after migration separate from each other, many analysts apply a technique that uses ‘negative durations’ to estimate the childbearing risks that migrants have before they migrate. This strategy can lead to incorrect results and should be abandoned. In this research note, we use data for births and internal migration in Sweden to highlight how the two types of behaviour can be kept apart conceptually and analytically without use of ‘negative durations’. The procedures used can easily be generalized to any similarly linked pair of behaviours.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 359-363
Issue: 3
Volume: 70
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2016.1221442
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2016.1221442
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:70:y:2016:i:3:p:359-363
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jona Schellekens
Author-X-Name-First: Jona
Author-X-Name-Last: Schellekens
Author-Name: Frans van Poppel
Author-X-Name-First: Frans
Author-X-Name-Last: van Poppel
Title: Early-life conditions and adult mortality decline in Dutch cohorts born 1812–1921
Abstract:
Mounting evidence suggests that early-life conditions have an enduring effect on an individual’s mortality risks as an adult. The contribution of improvements in early-life conditions to the overall decline in adult mortality, however, remains a debated issue. We provide an estimate of the contribution of improvements in early-life conditions to mortality decline after age 30 in Dutch cohorts born between 1812 and 1921. We used two proxies for early-life conditions: median height and early-childhood mortality. We estimate that improvements in early-life conditions contributed more than five years or about a third to the rise in women’s life expectancy at age 30. Improvements in early-life conditions contributed almost three years or more than a quarter to the rise in men’s life expectancy at age 30. Height appears to be the more important of the two proxies for early-life conditions.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 327-343
Issue: 3
Volume: 70
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2016.1223336
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2016.1223336
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:70:y:2016:i:3:p:327-343
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tom Wilson
Author-X-Name-First: Tom
Author-X-Name-Last: Wilson
Title: The future of Australia’s Indigenous Population, 2011–61
Abstract:
Existing projections of Australia’s Indigenous Population suffer from a number of limitations: problematic input data, unsatisfactory projection model design, and poor forecast performance. The aim of this study was to create a new model for projecting that population that better represents the demographic processes at work, and that makes use of a newly available data source on identification change. A new projection model is presented that explicitly incorporates ethnic-identification change, and mixed (Indigenous/Non-Indigenous) partnering and childbearing. It is a composite static–dynamic model which takes a multi-state form where data allow. The model was used to produce projections for the 2011–61 period. Rapid growth of the Indigenous Population is expected, with population momentum, identification change, and mixed partnering and childbearing shown to contribute more to growth than above-replacement fertility and increasing life expectancy. The future growth of Australia’s Indigenous Population is thus intimately connected to its interaction with the Non-Indigenous Population.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 311-326
Issue: 3
Volume: 70
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2016.1224372
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2016.1224372
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:70:y:2016:i:3:p:311-326
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Leena Merdad
Author-X-Name-First: Leena
Author-X-Name-Last: Merdad
Author-Name: Kenneth Hill
Author-X-Name-First: Kenneth
Author-X-Name-Last: Hill
Author-Name: Michael Levin
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Levin
Title: Data on survival of recent births as a source of child mortality estimates in the developing world: An assessment of census data
Abstract:
In many less developed countries, household surveys collect full and summary birth histories to provide estimates of child mortality. However, full birth histories are expensive to collect and cannot provide precise estimates for small areas, and summary birth histories only provide past child mortality trends. A simple method that provides estimates for the most recent past uses questions about the survival of recent births in censuses or large household surveys. This study examines such data collected by 45 censuses and shows that on average they tend to underestimate under-5 mortality in comparison with alternative estimates, albeit with wide variations. In addition, the high non-sampling uncertainty in this approach precludes its use in providing robust estimates of child mortality at the country level. Given these findings, we suggest that questions about the survival of recent births to collect data on child mortality not be included in census questionnaires.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 345-358
Issue: 3
Volume: 70
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2016.1225786
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2016.1225786
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:70:y:2016:i:3:p:345-358
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ian M. Timæus
Author-X-Name-First: Ian M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Timæus
Title: Going online – a tribute to John Simons
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 273-274
Issue: 3
Volume: 70
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2016.1243198
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2016.1243198
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:70:y:2016:i:3:p:273-274
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Cleland
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Cleland
Author-Name: Kazuyo Machiyama
Author-X-Name-First: Kazuyo
Author-X-Name-Last: Machiyama
Author-Name: John B. Casterline
Author-X-Name-First: John B.
Author-X-Name-Last: Casterline
Title: Fertility preferences and subsequent childbearing in Africa and Asia: A synthesis of evidence from longitudinal studies in 28 populations
Abstract:
Survey data on fertility preferences have played a central but controversial role in fertility research and advocacy for family planning. We summarize evidence from longitudinal studies in 28 Asian and African populations on the relationship between preferences and subsequent childbearing. While we found no consistent association between women's desire to delay childbearing and subsequent fertility, the baseline desire of women to stop childbearing was a powerful predictor of subsequent fertility in all populations and increased in strength as overall contraceptive use in the study populations rose. Partners’ desire also exercised some influence but was of modest importance in most populations. However, the correspondence between desire to stop and behaviour was found to be far from perfect. Weak implementation of preferences by contraception is likely to be the major cause of this preference–behaviour discrepancy. Uncertainty and instability in preferences may also contribute to the discrepancy, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 1-21
Issue: 1
Volume: 74
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2019.1672880
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2019.1672880
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:74:y:2020:i:1:p:1-21
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: James Raymer
Author-X-Name-First: James
Author-X-Name-Last: Raymer
Author-Name: Qing Guan
Author-X-Name-First: Qing
Author-X-Name-Last: Guan
Author-Name: Robert J. Norman
Author-X-Name-First: Robert J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Norman
Author-Name: William Ledger
Author-X-Name-First: William
Author-X-Name-Last: Ledger
Author-Name: Georgina M. Chambers
Author-X-Name-First: Georgina M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Chambers
Title: Projecting future utilization of medically assisted fertility treatments
Abstract:
This study estimates the future utilization of medically assisted fertility treatments in Australia, focusing on assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs), intrauterine insemination (IUI), and ovulation induction. A multistate cohort component population projection model is used to determine future fertility rates from 2016 to 2026 by age and education level. These are combined with information on recent trends in use and success rates to indirectly estimate future age-specific probabilities of fertility treatment utilization. The number of ART cycles is expected to increase by 61 per cent between 2016 and 2026 if treatment success rates remain at 2015 levels, or by 34 per cent if recent improvements in ART success rates continue. The model also predicts that numbers of IUI cycles and ovulation induction cycles will decrease by 17 and 3 per cent, respectively. This research confirms the importance of including both technological improvements and socio-demographic changes when predicting future fertility treatment utilization.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 23-38
Issue: 1
Volume: 74
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2019.1676461
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2019.1676461
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:74:y:2020:i:1:p:23-38
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zsolt Spéder
Author-X-Name-First: Zsolt
Author-X-Name-Last: Spéder
Author-Name: Lívia Murinkó
Author-X-Name-First: Lívia
Author-X-Name-Last: Murinkó
Author-Name: Livia Sz. Oláh
Author-X-Name-First: Livia Sz.
Author-X-Name-Last: Oláh
Title: Cash support vs. tax incentives: The differential impact of policy interventions on third births in contemporary Hungary
Abstract:
Following steep falls in birth rates in Central and Eastern European countries during the economic and institutional restructuring of the early 1990s, governments made substantial efforts to stop or at least reduce the fertility decline. In Hungary, parents with three or more children could benefit from specific new policy measures: the flat-rate child-rearing support paid from the youngest child's third to eighth birthdays (signalling recognition of stay-at-home motherhood) and a redesigned and upgraded tax relief system. However, the success of these policy measures, if any, is difficult to detect in aggregate statistics. Analysing data from the Hungarian Generations and Gender Survey, we rely on event history methods to examine the policies’ effects on third birth risks, especially among different socio-economic groups. The results indicate that while the child-rearing support increased third birth risks among the least educated, the generous tax relief had a similar effect for parents with tertiary education.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 39-54
Issue: 1
Volume: 74
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2019.1694165
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2019.1694165
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:74:y:2020:i:1:p:39-54
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Esha Chatterjee
Author-X-Name-First: Esha
Author-X-Name-Last: Chatterjee
Author-Name: Christie Sennott
Author-X-Name-First: Christie
Author-X-Name-Last: Sennott
Title: Fertility intentions and maternal health behaviour during and after pregnancy
Abstract:
This study examines associations between fertility intentions and maternal health behaviours during and after pregnancy among a nationally representative sample of 3,442 women from India. Two waves of data (2005, 2012) from the India Human Development Survey were analyzed to investigate the influence of unwanted births on women’s use of antenatal care, timely postnatal care, and the delivery setting using binary and ordered logistic regression, partial proportional odds models, and propensity score weighting. Fifty-eight per cent of sample births were unwanted. Regression results show that, net of maternal and household characteristics, women with unwanted births were less likely to obtain any antenatal care and had fewer antenatal tests performed. Unwantedness was also associated with a lower likelihood of delivering in an institutional setting and of obtaining timely postnatal care. The relationships between unwantedness and antenatal care, postnatal care, and delivery setting were robust to models accounting for propensity weighting.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 55-74
Issue: 1
Volume: 74
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2019.1672881
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2019.1672881
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:74:y:2020:i:1:p:55-74
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jesús-Adrián Alvarez
Author-X-Name-First: Jesús-Adrián
Author-X-Name-Last: Alvarez
Author-Name: José Manuel Aburto
Author-X-Name-First: José Manuel
Author-X-Name-Last: Aburto
Author-Name: Vladimir Canudas-Romo
Author-X-Name-First: Vladimir
Author-X-Name-Last: Canudas-Romo
Title: Latin American convergence and divergence towards the mortality profiles of developed countries
Abstract:
It is uncertain whether Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) countries are approaching a single mortality regime. Over the last three decades, LAC has experienced major public health interventions and the highest number of homicides in the world. However, these interventions and homicide rates are not evenly shared across countries. This study documents trends in life expectancy and lifespan variability for 20 LAC countries, 2000–14. By extending a previous method, we decompose differences in lifespan variability between LAC and a developed world benchmark into cause-specific effects. For both sexes, dispersion of amenable diseases through the age span makes the largest contribution to the gap between LAC and the benchmark. Additionally, for males, the concentration of homicides, accidents, and suicides in mid-life further impedes mortality convergence. Great disparity exists in the region: while some countries are rapidly approaching the developed regime, others remain far behind and suffer a clear disadvantage in population health.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 75-92
Issue: 1
Volume: 74
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2019.1614651
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2019.1614651
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:74:y:2020:i:1:p:75-92
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dorean Nabukalu
Author-X-Name-First: Dorean
Author-X-Name-Last: Nabukalu
Author-Name: Georges Reniers
Author-X-Name-First: Georges
Author-X-Name-Last: Reniers
Author-Name: Kathryn A. Risher
Author-X-Name-First: Kathryn A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Risher
Author-Name: Sylvia Blom
Author-X-Name-First: Sylvia
Author-X-Name-Last: Blom
Author-Name: Emma Slaymaker
Author-X-Name-First: Emma
Author-X-Name-Last: Slaymaker
Author-Name: Chodziwadziwa Kabudula
Author-X-Name-First: Chodziwadziwa
Author-X-Name-Last: Kabudula
Author-Name: Basia Zaba
Author-X-Name-First: Basia
Author-X-Name-Last: Zaba
Author-Name: Fred Nalugoda
Author-X-Name-First: Fred
Author-X-Name-Last: Nalugoda
Author-Name: Godfrey Kigozi
Author-X-Name-First: Godfrey
Author-X-Name-Last: Kigozi
Author-Name: Fred Makumbi
Author-X-Name-First: Fred
Author-X-Name-Last: Makumbi
Author-Name: David Serwadda
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Serwadda
Author-Name: Steven J. Reynolds
Author-X-Name-First: Steven J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Reynolds
Author-Name: Milly Marston
Author-X-Name-First: Milly
Author-X-Name-Last: Marston
Author-Name: Jeffrey W. Eaton
Author-X-Name-First: Jeffrey W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Eaton
Author-Name: Ron Gray
Author-X-Name-First: Ron
Author-X-Name-Last: Gray
Author-Name: Maria Wawer
Author-X-Name-First: Maria
Author-X-Name-Last: Wawer
Author-Name: Nelson Sewankambo
Author-X-Name-First: Nelson
Author-X-Name-Last: Sewankambo
Author-Name: Tom Lutalo
Author-X-Name-First: Tom
Author-X-Name-Last: Lutalo
Title: Population-level adult mortality following the expansion of antiretroviral therapy in Rakai, Uganda
Abstract:
There are limited data on the impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on population-level adult mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. We analysed data for 2000–14 from the Rakai Community Cohort Study (RCCS) in Uganda, where free ART was scaled up after 2004. Using non-parametric and parametric (Weibull) survival analysis, we estimated trends in average person-years lived between exact ages 15 and 50, per capita life-years lost to HIV, and the mortality hazards of people living with HIV (PLHIV). Between 2000 and 2014, average adult life-years lived before age 50 increased significantly, from 26.4 to 33.5 years for all women and from 28.6 to 33.8 years for all men. As of 2014, life-years lost to HIV had declined significantly, to 1.3 years among women and 0.4 years among men. Following the roll-out of ART, mortality reductions among PLHIV were initially larger in women than men, but this is no longer the case.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 93-102
Issue: 1
Volume: 74
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2019.1595099
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2019.1595099
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:74:y:2020:i:1:p:93-102
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anna-Maria Eurenius
Author-X-Name-First: Anna-Maria
Author-X-Name-Last: Eurenius
Title: A family affair: Evidence of chain migration during the mass emigration from the county of Halland in Sweden to the United States in the 1890s
Abstract:
This paper examines the influence of individual and household factors on an individual’s propensity to emigrate from Halland, a region in south-west Sweden, to the United States during the era of mass migration in the late nineteenth century. The study has a case–control design, using individual-level longitudinal data for a group of emigrants (cases) and a group of non-emigrants (controls). Results indicate the importance of a family’s emigration history; individuals whose relatives had previously moved to the United States were more likely to emigrate themselves. In addition, the results also show how this impact varied between groups and how other factors relating to the individual’s life situation affected the migration decision. Thus, this paper shows how chain migration and migration networks play important roles during times of mass migration.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 103-118
Issue: 1
Volume: 74
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2018.1559945
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2018.1559945
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:74:y:2020:i:1:p:103-118
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Véronique Hertrich
Author-X-Name-First: Véronique
Author-X-Name-Last: Hertrich
Author-Name: Pascaline Feuillet
Author-X-Name-First: Pascaline
Author-X-Name-Last: Feuillet
Author-Name: Olivia Samuel
Author-X-Name-First: Olivia
Author-X-Name-Last: Samuel
Author-Name: Assa Doumbia Gakou
Author-X-Name-First: Assa
Author-X-Name-Last: Doumbia Gakou
Author-Name: Aurélien Dasré
Author-X-Name-First: Aurélien
Author-X-Name-Last: Dasré
Title: Can we study the family environment through census data? A comparison of households, dwellings, and domestic units in rural Mali
Abstract:
Are ‘statistical households’, as defined in national censuses, able to describe the family environment in Africa? Do they correspond to the family units that individuals identify with? To address this issue, we build on a follow-up survey in south-east Mali, which links national censuses with local censuses at the individual level (N ≈ 28,000 census observations). Three cross-sectional snapshots of family arrangements are compared: households recorded in national censuses, and family economic units and residential units recorded by local censuses. The national census household data appear poorly suited to documenting family living arrangements. They do not account for family economic units or residential units, but are highly conditioned by a normative representation centred on the nuclear family. Therefore, they fail to describe the complexity and diversity of people’s living spaces, making particular types of living arrangements invisible and increasing the likelihood of omitting individuals who do not fit into a nuclear model.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 119-138
Issue: 1
Volume: 74
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2019.1694166
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2019.1694166
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:74:y:2020:i:1:p:119-138
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cem Mete
Author-X-Name-First: Cem
Author-X-Name-Last: Mete
Author-Name: Laurent Bossavie
Author-X-Name-First: Laurent
Author-X-Name-Last: Bossavie
Author-Name: John Giles
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Giles
Author-Name: Harold Alderman
Author-X-Name-First: Harold
Author-X-Name-Last: Alderman
Title: Is consanguinity an impediment to child development?
Abstract:
Marriages between blood relatives—also known as consanguineous unions—are widespread in North Africa, Central and West Asia, and South Asia. Researchers have suggested that consanguinity has adverse effects on child development, but assessing its impact is not straightforward, as the decision to marry a relative might be endogenous to other socio-economic factors. Using a unique data set collected in rural Pakistan, this paper assesses the extent to which consanguinity is linked to children’s cognitive and physical development. It exploits grandfathers’ land ownership (current and past) and maternal grandparent mortality to identify the effect of endogenous consanguinity on child development. Children born into consanguineous unions have lower cognitive scores, lower height-for-age, and a higher likelihood of being severely stunted. More importantly, adverse effects are greater after accounting for the endogeneity of consanguinity, suggesting that impacts on child development are substantial, and likely to be larger than suggested in previous studies.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 139-159
Issue: 2
Volume: 74
Year: 2020
Month: 6
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2019.1699942
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2019.1699942
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:74:y:2020:i:2:p:139-159
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mark Gortfelder
Author-X-Name-First: Mark
Author-X-Name-Last: Gortfelder
Author-Name: Allan Puur
Author-X-Name-First: Allan
Author-X-Name-Last: Puur
Title: Survival and sex composition of offspring: Individual-level responses in the quantum and tempo of childbearing during the demographic transition
Abstract:
Previous studies have documented varying fertility responses to childhood mortality and to the sex composition of the surviving offspring during the demographic transition. We contribute to this literature by applying a mixture cure model to reproductive histories of Estonian women born 1850–99. This model, unlike standard event history models, is capable of separating the effect of the covariates on the propensity of having another birth from their effect on its timing. Child fatalities, not having sons, and to a smaller extent, not having daughters, increased the propensity to have another child and decreased the interval to it. The response was stronger among later cohorts, but only with respect to parity progression. By contrast, the accelerated childbearing response diminished over time. Our findings suggest that behavioural responses in the quantum and tempo of childbearing can occur relatively independently.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 161-177
Issue: 2
Volume: 74
Year: 2020
Month: 6
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2020.1721736
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2020.1721736
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:74:y:2020:i:2:p:161-177
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kathleen Broussard
Author-X-Name-First: Kathleen
Author-X-Name-Last: Broussard
Author-Name: Abigail Weitzman
Author-X-Name-First: Abigail
Author-X-Name-Last: Weitzman
Title: Sibling loss and fertility desires in the high-mortality context of Peru
Abstract:
Despite demographers’ long-standing preoccupation with the effects of child mortality on women’s fertility desires, scholars continue to know little about the consequences of other pervasive mortality exposures. We use nationally representative data from the high-mortality context of Peru to examine whether the desire to have a(nother) child varies as a function of sibling loss and to assess heterogeneity in this association by women’s current number of children and a range of conditions related to siblings’ deaths. Women who have experienced sibling bereavement and have two or more children report higher odds of desiring another child. These effects are not contingent on the age or sex of the deceased sibling but are only significant if the sibling died during the respondent’s lifetime (not before). These findings highlight the theoretical and empirical import of investigating the relationship between fertility desires and a wider range of familial mortality exposures beyond own child mortality.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 179-195
Issue: 2
Volume: 74
Year: 2020
Month: 6
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2020.1737188
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2020.1737188
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:74:y:2020:i:2:p:179-195
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alice Reid
Author-X-Name-First: Alice
Author-X-Name-Last: Reid
Author-Name: Hannaliis Jaadla
Author-X-Name-First: Hannaliis
Author-X-Name-Last: Jaadla
Author-Name: Eilidh Garrett
Author-X-Name-First: Eilidh
Author-X-Name-Last: Garrett
Author-Name: Kevin Schürer
Author-X-Name-First: Kevin
Author-X-Name-Last: Schürer
Title: Adapting the Own Children Method to allow comparison of fertility between populations with different marriage regimes
Abstract:
The Own Children Method (OCM) is an indirect procedure for deriving age-specific fertility rates and total fertility from children living with their mothers at a census or survey. The method was designed primarily for the calculation of overall fertility, although there are variants that allow the calculation of marital fertility. In this paper we argue that the standard variants for calculating marital fertility can produce misleading results and require strong assumptions, particularly when applied to social or spatial subgroups. We present two new variants of the method for calculating marital fertility: the first of these allows for the presence of non-marital fertility and the second also permits the more robust calculation of rates for social subgroups of the population. We illustrate and test these using full-count census data for England and Wales in 1911.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 197-218
Issue: 2
Volume: 74
Year: 2020
Month: 6
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2019.1630563
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2019.1630563
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:74:y:2020:i:2:p:197-218
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Emily M. D. Grundy
Author-X-Name-First: Emily M. D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Grundy
Author-Name: Sanna Read
Author-X-Name-First: Sanna
Author-X-Name-Last: Read
Author-Name: Heini Väisänen
Author-X-Name-First: Heini
Author-X-Name-Last: Väisänen
Title: Fertility trajectories and later-life depression among parents in England
Abstract:
We examine pathways between indicators of fertility tempo/quantum and depressive symptoms among parents aged 55+ with at least two children, using three waves of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Using standard regression approaches and path analysis within the structural equation framework, we also investigate whether fertility trajectories mediated the association between childhood disadvantage and later-life depression. Results provide limited support for direct influences of fertility trajectories on depression, but indicate indirect linkages for both women and men. Associations are mediated by partnership history, social support, wealth, later-life smoking, and functional limitation. Associations between childhood disadvantage and later-life depression are partially mediated by fertility stressors. Results confirm the influence of life course experiences on depression at older ages and demonstrate the interlinked role of family and other life course pathways on later-life well-being.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 219-240
Issue: 2
Volume: 74
Year: 2020
Month: 6
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2019.1649450
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2019.1649450
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:74:y:2020:i:2:p:219-240
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Barbara S. Mensch
Author-X-Name-First: Barbara S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Mensch
Author-Name: Monica J. Grant
Author-X-Name-First: Monica J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Grant
Author-Name: Erica Soler-Hampejsek
Author-X-Name-First: Erica
Author-X-Name-Last: Soler-Hampejsek
Author-Name: Christine A. Kelly
Author-X-Name-First: Christine A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Kelly
Author-Name: Satvika Chalasani
Author-X-Name-First: Satvika
Author-X-Name-Last: Chalasani
Author-Name: Paul C. Hewett
Author-X-Name-First: Paul C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hewett
Title: Does schooling protect sexual health? The association between three measures of education and STIs among adolescents in Malawi
Abstract:
While multiple studies have documented shifting educational gradients in HIV prevalence, less attention has been given to the effect of school participation and academic skills on infection during adolescence. Using the Malawi Schooling and Adolescent Study, a longitudinal survey that followed 2,649 young people aged 14–17 at baseline from 2007 to 2013, we estimate the effect of three education variables: school enrolment, grade attainment, and academic skills—numeracy and Chichewa literacy—on herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and HIV incidence using interval-censored survival analysis. We find that grade attainment is significantly associated with lower rates of both HSV-2 and HIV among girls, and is negatively associated with HSV-2 but not HIV among boys. School enrolment and academic skills are not significantly associated with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) for boys or girls in our final models. Efforts to encourage school progression in high-prevalence settings in sub-Saharan Africa could well reduce, or at least postpone, acquisition of STIs.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 241-261
Issue: 2
Volume: 74
Year: 2020
Month: 6
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2019.1656282
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2019.1656282
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:74:y:2020:i:2:p:241-261
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Felix M. Muchomba
Author-X-Name-First: Felix M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Muchomba
Author-Name: Sangeeta Chatterji
Author-X-Name-First: Sangeeta
Author-X-Name-Last: Chatterji
Title: Disability among children of immigrants from India and China: Is there excess disability among girls?
Abstract:
We investigate whether there is excess morbidity among daughters of Indian or Chinese immigrants in the US by studying the prevalence of disability among children. We use data from the 2012–14 American Community Surveys on approximately 20,000 US-born children of Indian and Chinese immigrants. Children of US natives are used as a comparison group to account for innate differences in disability between the sexes. Results indicate that there is excess disability among daughters compared with sons among children of Chinese immigrants and children of immigrants from northern or western Indian states; this excess disability declines with younger age at arrival or longer exposure to the host country. Analysis using children of Filipino immigrants as an alternative comparison group yields similar excess disability rates for females.Supplementary material is available for this article at: https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2020.1762911
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 263-281
Issue: 2
Volume: 74
Year: 2020
Month: 6
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2020.1762911
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2020.1762911
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:74:y:2020:i:2:p:263-281
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christophe Z. Guilmoto
Author-X-Name-First: Christophe Z.
Author-X-Name-Last: Guilmoto
Author-Name: Fengqing Chao
Author-X-Name-First: Fengqing
Author-X-Name-Last: Chao
Author-Name: Purushottam M. Kulkarni
Author-X-Name-First: Purushottam M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Kulkarni
Title: On the estimation of female births missing due to prenatal sex selection
Abstract:
This research note is prompted by a paper by Kashyap (Is prenatal sex selection associated with lower female child mortality? Population Studies 73(1): 57–78). Kashyap’s paper, which provides 40 original estimates of missing female births, relies on an alternative definition of missing female births, leading to estimates of about half the magnitude of other estimates. There appears, therefore, a real need to take stock of the concept of missing female births widely used by statisticians around the world for assessing the demographic consequences of prenatal sex selection. This research note starts with a brief review of the history of the concept and the difference between Amartya Sen’s original method and the alternative method found elsewhere to compute missing female births. We then put forward three different arguments (deterministic and probabilistic approaches, and consistency analysis) in support of the original computation procedure based on the number of observed male births and the expected sex ratio at birth.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 283-289
Issue: 2
Volume: 74
Year: 2020
Month: 6
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2020.1762912
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2020.1762912
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:74:y:2020:i:2:p:283-289
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Cleland
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Cleland
Title: The ‘Population Problem’ in Pacific Asia
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 291-292
Issue: 2
Volume: 74
Year: 2020
Month: 6
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2020.1720177
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2020.1720177
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:74:y:2020:i:2:p:291-292
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Steve Smallwood
Author-X-Name-First: Steve
Author-X-Name-Last: Smallwood
Title: Analytical Family Demography
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 292-294
Issue: 2
Volume: 74
Year: 2020
Month: 6
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2020.1720175
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2020.1720175
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:74:y:2020:i:2:p:292-294
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lesley A. Hall
Author-X-Name-First: Lesley A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hall
Title: The Hidden Affliction: Sexually Transmitted Infections and Infertility in History
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 294-296
Issue: 2
Volume: 74
Year: 2020
Month: 6
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2020.1720179
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2020.1720179
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:74:y:2020:i:2:p:294-296
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Leslie King
Author-X-Name-First: Leslie
Author-X-Name-Last: King
Title: Nationalizing Sex: Fertility, Fear, and Power
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 296-298
Issue: 2
Volume: 74
Year: 2020
Month: 6
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2020.1739195
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2020.1739195
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:74:y:2020:i:2:p:296-298
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marcus Ebeling
Author-X-Name-First: Marcus
Author-X-Name-Last: Ebeling
Author-Name: Roland Rau
Author-X-Name-First: Roland
Author-X-Name-Last: Rau
Author-Name: Annette Baudisch
Author-X-Name-First: Annette
Author-X-Name-Last: Baudisch
Title: Rectangularization of the survival curve reconsidered: The maximum inner rectangle approach
Abstract:
Rectangularization of the survival curve—a key analytical framework in mortality research—relies on assumptions that have become partially obsolete in high-income countries due to mortality reductions among the oldest old. We propose refining the concept to adjust for recent and potential future mortality changes. Our framework, the ‘maximum inner rectangle approach’ (MIRA) considers two types of rectangularization. Outer rectangularization captures progress in mean lifespan relative to progress in maximum lifespan. Inner rectangularization captures progress in lifespan equality relative to progress in mean lifespan. Empirical applications show that both processes have generally increased since 1850. However, inner rectangularization has displayed country-specific patterns since the onset of sustained old-age mortality declines. Results from separating premature and old-age mortality, using the MIRA, suggest there has been a switch from reducing premature deaths to extending the premature age range; a shift potentially signalling a looming limit to the share of premature deaths.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 369-379
Issue: 3
Volume: 72
Year: 2018
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2017.1414299
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2017.1414299
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:72:y:2018:i:3:p:369-379
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alice Goisis
Author-X-Name-First: Alice
Author-X-Name-Last: Goisis
Author-Name: Daniel C. Schneider
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Schneider
Author-Name: Mikko Myrskylä
Author-X-Name-First: Mikko
Author-X-Name-Last: Myrskylä
Title: Secular changes in the association between advanced maternal age and the risk of low birth weight: A cross-cohort comparison in the UK
Abstract:
Existing studies provide contradictory evidence concerning the association between child health and advanced maternal age. A potential explanation for the lack of consensus on this issue is changes over time in the costs and benefits of giving birth at an advanced age. This is the first study to investigate secular changes in the characteristics of older mothers and in the association between advanced maternal age and child health. We use data from four UK cohort studies, covering births from 1958 to 2001, and use low birth weight (LBW) as a marker for child health. We find that across successive birth cohorts, the negative association between advanced maternal age and LBW becomes progressively weaker; and that this pattern is partially explained by secular changes in the characteristics of older mothers. Our results suggest that associations between maternal age and child outcomes are tied to a specific population and point in time.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 381-397
Issue: 3
Volume: 72
Year: 2018
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2018.1442584
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2018.1442584
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:72:y:2018:i:3:p:381-397
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hill Kulu
Author-X-Name-First: Hill
Author-X-Name-Last: Kulu
Author-Name: Emma Lundholm
Author-X-Name-First: Emma
Author-X-Name-Last: Lundholm
Author-Name: Gunnar Malmberg
Author-X-Name-First: Gunnar
Author-X-Name-Last: Malmberg
Title: Is spatial mobility on the rise or in decline? An order-specific analysis of the migration of young adults in Sweden
Abstract:
The aim of this study is to investigate spatial mobility over time. Research on ‘new mobilities’ suggests increasing movement of individuals, technology, and information. By contrast, studies of internal migration report declining spatial mobility in recent decades. Using longitudinal register data from Sweden, we calculate annual order-specific migration rates to investigate the spatial mobility of young adults over the last three decades. We standardize mobility rates for educational enrolment, educational level, family status, and place of residence to determine how much changes in individuals’ life domains explain changes in mobility. Young adults’ migration rates increased significantly in the 1990s; although all order-specific migration rates increased, first migration rates increased the most. Changes in population composition, particularly increased enrolment in higher education, accounted for much of the elevated spatial mobility in the 1990s. The analysis supports neither ever increasing mobility nor a long-term rise in rootedness among young adults in Sweden.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 323-337
Issue: 3
Volume: 72
Year: 2018
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2018.1451554
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2018.1451554
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:72:y:2018:i:3:p:323-337
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yan Yu
Author-X-Name-First: Yan
Author-X-Name-Last: Yu
Title: Cohort trends in duration of obesity in the United States, 1925–89: Estimates from cross-sectional data
Abstract:
This paper introduces the metric ‘mean duration of obesity’ to measure the average number of years lived with obesity in a population. A procedure was developed to estimate duration from periodic cross-sectional surveys. For annual cohorts born in the United States between 1925 and 1989, I estimated a logit model to derive age-cohort-specific probabilities of overweight and obesity (body mass index 25 to <30 and $\ge$≥30, respectively), and applied life table techniques to convert these into person-years. Duration of obesity by age 50 increased fourfold from 3.58 to 14.35 years. The rate of increase was stronger across the 1945–79 and 1980–89 cohorts than the 1925–44 cohorts. The trend was driven by increased risks of obesity among children: age groups under 20 were responsible for 31 per cent of the duration increase between the 1930 and 1960 cohorts, but 72 per cent between the 1960 and 1985 cohorts.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 399-410
Issue: 3
Volume: 72
Year: 2018
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2018.1467032
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2018.1467032
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:72:y:2018:i:3:p:399-410
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: James Raymer
Author-X-Name-First: James
Author-X-Name-Last: Raymer
Author-Name: Arkadiusz Wiśniowski
Author-X-Name-First: Arkadiusz
Author-X-Name-Last: Wiśniowski
Title: Applying and testing a forecasting model for age and sex patterns of immigration and emigration
Abstract:
International migration flows are considered the most difficult demographic component to forecast and, for that reason, models for forecasting migration are few and relatively undeveloped. This is worrying because, in developed societies, international migration is often the largest component of population growth and most influential in debates about societal and economic change. In this paper, we address the need for better forecasting models of international migration by testing a hierarchical (bilinear) model within the Bayesian inferential framework, recently developed to forecast age and sex patterns of immigration and emigration in the United Kingdom, on other types of migration flow data: age- and sex-specific time series from Sweden, South Korea, and Australia. The performances of the forecasts are compared and assessed with the observed time-series data. The results demonstrate the generality and flexibility of the model and of Bayesian inference for forecasting migration, as well as for further research.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 339-355
Issue: 3
Volume: 72
Year: 2018
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2018.1469784
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2018.1469784
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:72:y:2018:i:3:p:339-355
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Danielle Gauvreau
Author-X-Name-First: Danielle
Author-X-Name-Last: Gauvreau
Author-Name: Patrick Sabourin
Author-X-Name-First: Patrick
Author-X-Name-Last: Sabourin
Author-Name: Samuel Vézina
Author-X-Name-First: Samuel
Author-X-Name-Last: Vézina
Author-Name: Benoît Laplante
Author-X-Name-First: Benoît
Author-X-Name-Last: Laplante
Title: The mechanics of the baby boom: Unveiling the role of the epidemiologic transition
Abstract:
Recent research on the baby boom and its causes has shown that common explanations, such as the recuperation of births following the Great Depression or Second World War, are not sufficient to account for the phenomenon. However, that research has stressed the role of increasing nuptiality. In this paper, we argue that the increase in survivorship of children and young people that resulted from the epidemiologic transition accounted for a large portion of the increased number of births during the baby boom. We use a microsimulation model to assess the respective roles of mortality, nuptiality, fertility, and immigration on the size and dynamics of the boom in Quebec, Canada. Results show that decreasing mortality contributed significantly to the baby boom, along with immigration and nuptiality changes, while fertility rates attenuated the phenomenon. These results substantiate the hypothesis that the epidemiologic transition was an important cause of the baby boom.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 305-321
Issue: 3
Volume: 72
Year: 2018
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2018.1490450
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2018.1490450
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:72:y:2018:i:3:p:305-321
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jan Van Bavel
Author-X-Name-First: Jan
Author-X-Name-Last: Van Bavel
Author-Name: Martin Klesment
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Klesment
Author-Name: Eva Beaujouan
Author-X-Name-First: Eva
Author-X-Name-Last: Beaujouan
Author-Name: Zuzanna Brzozowska
Author-X-Name-First: Zuzanna
Author-X-Name-Last: Brzozowska
Author-Name:
Author-X-Name-First:
Author-X-Name-Last:
Author-Name: Allan Puur
Author-X-Name-First: Allan
Author-X-Name-Last: Puur
Author-Name: David Reher
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Reher
Author-Name: Miguel Requena
Author-X-Name-First: Miguel
Author-X-Name-Last: Requena
Author-Name: Glenn Sandström
Author-X-Name-First: Glenn
Author-X-Name-Last: Sandström
Author-Name: Tomáš Sobotka
Author-X-Name-First: Tomáš
Author-X-Name-Last: Sobotka
Author-Name: Kryštof Zeman
Author-X-Name-First: Kryštof
Author-X-Name-Last: Zeman
Title: Seeding the gender revolution: Women’s education and cohort fertility among the baby boom generations
Abstract:
In Europe and the United States, women’s educational attainment started to increase around the middle of the twentieth century. The expected implication was fertility decline and postponement, whereas in fact the opposite occurred. We analyse trends in the quantum of cohort fertility among the baby boom generations in 15 countries and how these relate to women’s education. Over the 1901–45 cohorts, the proportion of parents with exactly two children rose steadily and homogeneity in family sizes increased. Progression to a third child and beyond declined in all the countries, continuing the ongoing trends of the fertility transition. In countries with a baby boom, and especially among women with post-primary education, this was compensated for by decreasing childlessness and increasing progression to a second child. These changes, linked to earlier stages of the fertility transition, laid the foundations for later fertility patterns associated with the gender revolution.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 283-304
Issue: 3
Volume: 72
Year: 2018
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2018.1498223
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2018.1498223
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:72:y:2018:i:3:p:283-304
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Annemarie Ernsten
Author-X-Name-First: Annemarie
Author-X-Name-Last: Ernsten
Author-Name: David McCollum
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: McCollum
Author-Name: Zhiqiang Feng
Author-X-Name-First: Zhiqiang
Author-X-Name-Last: Feng
Author-Name: Dawn Everington
Author-X-Name-First: Dawn
Author-X-Name-Last: Everington
Author-Name: Zengyi Huang
Author-X-Name-First: Zengyi
Author-X-Name-Last: Huang
Title: Using linked administrative and census data for migration research
Abstract:
Migration is a core component of population change and is both a symptom and a cause of major economic and social phenomena. However, data limitations mean that gaps remain in our understanding of the patterns and processes of mobility. This is particularly the case for internal migration, which remains under-researched, despite being quantitatively much more significant than international migration. Using the Scottish Longitudinal Study, this paper evaluates the potential value of General Practitioner administrative health data from the National Health Service that can be linked into census-based longitudinal studies for advancing migration research. Issues relating to data quality are considered and, using the illustrative example of internal migration by country of birth, an argument is developed contending that such approaches can offer novel ways of comprehending internal migration, by shedding additional light on the nature of both movers and the moves that they make.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 357-367
Issue: 3
Volume: 72
Year: 2018
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2018.1502463
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2018.1502463
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:72:y:2018:i:3:p:357-367
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Correction
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 411-411
Issue: 3
Volume: 72
Year: 2018
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2018.1518201
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2018.1518201
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:72:y:2018:i:3:p:411-411
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David Reher
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Reher
Author-Name: Miguel Requena
Author-X-Name-First: Miguel
Author-X-Name-Last: Requena
Title: Revisiting mid-twentieth-century fertility shifts from a global perspective
Abstract:
In the developed world, the historic process of fertility decline was interrupted by an unexpected period of increasing fertility called the baby boom. Recent studies suggest that a similar trend change in fertility may have occurred in many less developed nations at approximately the same time. Using cohort fertility data for 26 less developed countries from around the world taken from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series, International (IPUMS-I), this paper aims to ascertain the extent to which these trend changes occurred in a large sample of countries around the world. It offers convincing proof of the existence of an upward shift in fertility among cohorts born during the 1930s, which was common to many countries in the less developed world. Despite many similarities with the baby boom, there are also differences stemming, mostly, from its timing with respect to the demographic transition.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 299-314
Issue: 3
Volume: 74
Year: 2020
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2020.1783454
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2020.1783454
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:74:y:2020:i:3:p:299-314
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Julia Hellstrand
Author-X-Name-First: Julia
Author-X-Name-Last: Hellstrand
Author-Name: Jessica Nisén
Author-X-Name-First: Jessica
Author-X-Name-Last: Nisén
Author-Name: Mikko Myrskylä
Author-X-Name-First: Mikko
Author-X-Name-Last: Myrskylä
Title: All-time low period fertility in Finland: Demographic drivers, tempo effects, and cohort implications
Abstract:
The ongoing period fertility decline in the Nordic countries is particularly strong in Finland, where the total fertility rate (TFR) reached an all-time low of 1.41 in 2018. We analyse the decrease in Finland's TFR in 2010–17, and assess its consequences for cohort fertility using complementary approaches. Decomposition of this fertility decline shows that first births and women aged <30 are making the largest contributions. However, women aged 30–39 are also, for the first time in decades, experiencing a sustained fertility decline. Tempo adjustments to the TFR suggest that quantum change is part of the decline. Several forecasting methods indicate that cohort fertility is likely to decline from the long-lasting level of 1.85–1.95 to 1.75 or lower among women born in the mid-1980s. Without an exceptionally strong recovery in fertility, Finnish cohort fertility is likely to decline to levels currently observed among countries with very low fertility.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 315-329
Issue: 3
Volume: 74
Year: 2020
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2020.1750677
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2020.1750677
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:74:y:2020:i:3:p:315-329
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Liliana Andriano
Author-X-Name-First: Liliana
Author-X-Name-Last: Andriano
Author-Name: Julia Behrman
Author-X-Name-First: Julia
Author-X-Name-Last: Behrman
Title: The effects of growing-season drought on young women’s life course transitions in a sub-Saharan context
Abstract:
In spite of the vast importance of weather shocks for population processes, limited work has investigated the micro-level processes through which weather shocks influence the transition to adulthood in low-income contexts. This paper provides a conceptual overview and empirical investigation of how weather shocks impact the timing, sequencing, and characteristics of young women’s life course transitions in low-income rural settings. Drawing on the case of Malawi, we combine repeated cross-sections of georeferenced Demographic and Health Survey data with georeferenced climate and crop calendar data to assess how growing-season drought shocks affect young women’s life course transitions. Discrete-time event history analyses indicate that in this context, exposure to growing-season drought in adolescence has an accelerating effect on young women’s transitions into first unions—both marriage and cohabitation—and into first births within unions.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 331-350
Issue: 3
Volume: 74
Year: 2020
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2020.1819551
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2020.1819551
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:74:y:2020:i:3:p:331-350
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Olufunke Fayehun
Author-X-Name-First: Olufunke
Author-X-Name-Last: Fayehun
Author-Name: Olutobi Adekunle Sanuade
Author-X-Name-First: Olutobi Adekunle
Author-X-Name-Last: Sanuade
Author-Name: Anthony Idowu Ajayi
Author-X-Name-First: Anthony Idowu
Author-X-Name-Last: Ajayi
Author-Name: Uche Isiugo-Abanihe
Author-X-Name-First: Uche
Author-X-Name-Last: Isiugo-Abanihe
Title: Ethnicity, sex composition of living children, and unrealized fertility in Nigeria
Abstract:
While studies in high-income countries have shown that failure to achieve fertility desires is significantly associated with unfavourable personal circumstances, there is barely any empirical evidence on the factors that influence the pattern of unrealized fertility in sub-Saharan Africa. Using data from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey, this paper investigates the roles of ethnicity and the sex composition of living children on unrealized fertility in Nigeria. The results show that the odds of having unrealized fertility were higher among Hausa–Fulani women compared with women of other ethnic groups in Nigeria. Also, having daughters only (no sons) was associated with higher odds of unrealized fertility, after controlling for other important covariates. The findings suggest that cultural norms and pronatalism significantly influence the fertility desires of women in Nigeria, even at the end of their reproductive lifespan.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 351-361
Issue: 3
Volume: 74
Year: 2020
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2020.1779333
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2020.1779333
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:74:y:2020:i:3:p:351-361
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kieron Barclay
Author-X-Name-First: Kieron
Author-X-Name-Last: Barclay
Author-Name: Anna Baranowska-Rataj
Author-X-Name-First: Anna
Author-X-Name-Last: Baranowska-Rataj
Author-Name: Martin Kolk
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Kolk
Author-Name: Anneli Ivarsson
Author-X-Name-First: Anneli
Author-X-Name-Last: Ivarsson
Title: Interpregnancy intervals and perinatal and child health in Sweden: A comparison within families and across social groups
Abstract:
A large body of research has shown that children born after especially short or long birth intervals experience an elevated risk of poor perinatal outcomes, but recent work suggests this may be explained by confounding by unobserved family characteristics. We use Swedish population data on cohorts born 1981–2010 and sibling fixed effects to examine whether the length of the birth interval preceding the index child influences the risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and hospitalization during childhood. We also present analyses stratified by salient social characteristics, such as maternal educational level and maternal country of birth. We find few effects of birth intervals on our outcomes, except for very short intervals (less than seven months) and very long intervals (>60 months). We find few differences in the patterns by maternal educational level or maternal country of origin after stratifying by the mother’s highest educational attainment.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 363-378
Issue: 3
Volume: 74
Year: 2020
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2020.1714701
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2020.1714701
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:74:y:2020:i:3:p:363-378
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Priyanka Dixit
Author-X-Name-First: Priyanka
Author-X-Name-Last: Dixit
Author-Name: John Cleland
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Cleland
Author-Name: K. S. James
Author-X-Name-First: K. S.
Author-X-Name-Last: James
Title: Sex differences in child health and healthcare: A reappraisal for India
Abstract:
India has an unenviable reputation as one of the world’s most gender disparate countries. Previous studies of sex bias in childhood have shown large differences between Indian boys and girls in immunization and curative healthcare, but little difference in health status as indicated by anaemia and stunting. India has changed rapidly in past decades, hence we reappraise the situation with the National Family Health Survey-4 (2015–16). We found no evidence of sex differentials in immunization coverage but a small degree of discrimination in favour of boys in medical treatment for common symptoms of infection. This discrimination was no greater in the North and Central regions of India, where severe excess mortality among female children persists. Sex differences in anaemia and stunting were small, with no regional pattern. We found no evidence that healthcare or health status of girls was influenced by the presence of other daughters in the family.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 379-398
Issue: 3
Volume: 74
Year: 2020
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2020.1807042
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2020.1807042
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:74:y:2020:i:3:p:379-398
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephen Jivraj
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen
Author-X-Name-Last: Jivraj
Author-Name: Alissa Goodman
Author-X-Name-First: Alissa
Author-X-Name-Last: Goodman
Author-Name: Benedetta Pongiglione
Author-X-Name-First: Benedetta
Author-X-Name-Last: Pongiglione
Author-Name: George B. Ploubidis
Author-X-Name-First: George B.
Author-X-Name-Last: Ploubidis
Title: Living longer but not necessarily healthier: The joint progress of health and mortality in the working-age population of England
Abstract:
Despite improvements in life expectancy, there is uncertainty on whether the increase in years of healthy life expectancy has kept pace. In this paper we explore whether there is empirical support for the expansion of morbidity hypothesis in the population aged 25–64 living in England. Nationally representative cohorts born between 1945 and 1980 are constructed from repeated annual cross-sections of the Health Survey for England, 1991–2014. Later-born cohorts at a given age have the same or higher prevalence of self-reported bad general health and long-term illness, self-reported high blood pressure (in men), self-reported and objectively-measured diabetes, circulatory illnesses, clinical hypertension, and overweight BMI. We also find that healthy life expectancies (in the sense of absence of each of these problems) at age 25 have increased at a slower pace than life expectancy between 1993 and 2013. Our findings lend support to the expansion of morbidity hypothesis and point to increased future demand for specific healthcare services at younger ages.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 399-414
Issue: 3
Volume: 74
Year: 2020
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2020.1767297
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2020.1767297
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:74:y:2020:i:3:p:399-414
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sarah E. Patterson
Author-X-Name-First: Sarah E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Patterson
Author-Name: Rachel Margolis
Author-X-Name-First: Rachel
Author-X-Name-Last: Margolis
Author-Name: Ashton M. Verdery
Author-X-Name-First: Ashton M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Verdery
Title: Family embeddedness and older adult mortality in the United States
Abstract:
Do different operationalizations of family structure offer different understandings of the links between family structure and older adult mortality? Using the American Health and Retirement Study (N = 29,665), we examine mortality risks by three measures of family structure: whether respondents have different family statuses (e.g. married vs. unmarried), volume of family members available (e.g. having one vs. two living immediate family members), and family embeddedness (e.g. having neither spouse nor child vs. having spouse but no child). We focus on three kin types: partner/spouse, children, and siblings. We find that differences in empirical estimates across measures of family structure are not dramatic, but that family embeddedness can show some additional heterogeneity in mortality patterns over family status variables or the volume of ties. This paper tests different ways of operationalizing family structure to study mortality outcomes and advances our understanding of how family functions as a key social determinant of health.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 415-435
Issue: 3
Volume: 74
Year: 2020
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2020.1817529
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2020.1817529
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:74:y:2020:i:3:p:415-435
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Francesco Grippo
Author-X-Name-First: Francesco
Author-X-Name-Last: Grippo
Author-Name: Aline Désesquelles
Author-X-Name-First: Aline
Author-X-Name-Last: Désesquelles
Author-Name: Marilena Pappagallo
Author-X-Name-First: Marilena
Author-X-Name-Last: Pappagallo
Author-Name: Luisa Frova
Author-X-Name-First: Luisa
Author-X-Name-Last: Frova
Author-Name: Viviana Egidi
Author-X-Name-First: Viviana
Author-X-Name-Last: Egidi
Author-Name: France Meslé
Author-X-Name-First: France
Author-X-Name-Last: Meslé
Title: Multi-morbidity and frailty at death: A new classification of death records for an ageing world
Abstract:
Mortality statistics based on underlying cause of death are challenged by increased life expectancy and the growing share of population reaching ages associated with frequent multi-morbidity (with death likely resulting from interactions between multiple diseases). We provide a novel way of analysing causes of death: accounting for all causes mentioned on death certificates and summarizing this information along two dimensions emblematic of ageing populations—multi-morbidity and frailty. We implement this classification for all deaths at ages 50+ in Italy in 2014. Multi-morbid processes represent the majority of deaths, rising from 43 per cent at ages 50–54 to 63 per cent at ages 85–89. Multi-morbidity at death is more frequent among males, although age patterns are identical for both sexes. About one in four deaths involves frailty symptoms, rising to 45 per cent at ages 95+. Mortality rates involving frailty are very similar for both sexes.Supplementary material is available for this article at: https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2020.1820558
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 437-449
Issue: 3
Volume: 74
Year: 2020
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2020.1820558
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2020.1820558
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:74:y:2020:i:3:p:437-449
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrea Monti
Author-X-Name-First: Andrea
Author-X-Name-Last: Monti
Author-Name: Sven Drefahl
Author-X-Name-First: Sven
Author-X-Name-Last: Drefahl
Author-Name: Eleonora Mussino
Author-X-Name-First: Eleonora
Author-X-Name-Last: Mussino
Author-Name: Juho Härkönen
Author-X-Name-First: Juho
Author-X-Name-Last: Härkönen
Title: Over-coverage in population registers leads to bias in demographic estimates
Abstract:
Estimating the number of individuals living in a country is an essential task for demographers. This study assesses the potential bias in estimating the size of different migrant populations due to over-coverage in population registers. Over-coverage—individuals registered but not living in a country—is an increasingly pressing phenomenon; however, there is no common understanding of how to deal with over-coverage in demographic research. This study examines different approaches to and improvements in over-coverage estimation using Swedish total population register data. We assess over-coverage levels across migrant groups, test how estimates of age-specific death and fertility rates are affected when adjusting for over-coverage, and examine whether over-coverage can explain part of the healthy migrant paradox. Our results confirm the existence of over-coverage and we find substantial changes in mortality and fertility rates, when adjusted, for people of migrating age. Accounting for over-coverage is particularly important for correctly estimating migrant fertility.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 451-469
Issue: 3
Volume: 74
Year: 2020
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2019.1683219
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2019.1683219
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:74:y:2020:i:3:p:451-469
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Thanks to reviewers
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 1-1
Issue: 1
Volume: 75
Year: 2021
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2021.1886728
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2021.1886728
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:75:y:2021:i:1:p:1-1
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Piera Bello
Author-X-Name-First: Piera
Author-X-Name-Last: Bello
Author-Name: Vincenzo Galasso
Author-X-Name-First: Vincenzo
Author-X-Name-Last: Galasso
Title: The politics of ageing and retirement: Evidence from Swiss referenda
Abstract:
Ageing threatens the financial sustainability of pay-as-you-go pension systems, since it increases the share of retirees to workers. An often-advocated policy response is to increase retirement age. Ironically, however, the political support for this policy may actually be hindered by population ageing. Using Swiss administrative voting data at municipal level from pension reform referenda (and individual survey data), we show in fact that individuals close to retirement tend to oppose policies that postpone retirement, whereas younger and older individuals are more favourable. The current process of population ageing and the associated increase in the size of the cohort of individuals close to retirement may partially explain why a pension reform that increased retirement age for women was approved in two referenda in 1995 and 1998, while a reform that proposed a similar increase in women’s retirement age was defeated in a 2017 referendum.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 3-18
Issue: 1
Volume: 75
Year: 2021
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2020.1841270
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2020.1841270
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:75:y:2021:i:1:p:3-18
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Arnstein Aassve
Author-X-Name-First: Arnstein
Author-X-Name-Last: Aassve
Author-Name: Marco Le Moglie
Author-X-Name-First: Marco
Author-X-Name-Last: Le Moglie
Author-Name: Letizia Mencarini
Author-X-Name-First: Letizia
Author-X-Name-Last: Mencarini
Title: Trust and fertility in uncertain times
Abstract:
Recent studies have shown higher uncertainty to be associated with fertility decline. This study considers the role of social trust as a coping mechanism when general uncertainty increases. We analyse the fertility data of Italian provinces from 2004 to 2013, thereby incorporating the period of economic recession, which unexpectedly and exogenously increased uncertainty across the population. We find a robust and significantly positive impact of social trust on fertility, which is stronger among younger age groups. Moreover, we find that the buffer effect of trust decreases with the level of public childcare provision, suggesting that low trust endowments may be counterbalanced through public policy.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 19-36
Issue: 1
Volume: 75
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2020.1742927
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2020.1742927
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:75:y:2021:i:1:p:19-36
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Md Juel Rana
Author-X-Name-First: Md Juel
Author-X-Name-Last: Rana
Author-Name: John Cleland
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Cleland
Author-Name: T.V. Sekher
Author-X-Name-First: T.V.
Author-X-Name-Last: Sekher
Author-Name: Sabu S. Padmadas
Author-X-Name-First: Sabu S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Padmadas
Title: Disentangling the effects of reproductive behaviours and fertility preferences on child growth in India
Abstract:
We analysed population data from the 2015–16 National Family Health Survey to disentangle the intricate underlying effects of reproductive behaviours and fertility preferences on child growth. We expected birth interval length to be more strongly associated with stunting than sibsize and these effects to be moderated by whether the child was wanted or unintended (mistimed/unwanted). Regression analyses showed strong and equal effects of short birth interval and sibsize on stunting, when adjusted for potential confounders and unobserved between-mother heterogeneity. There were no statistical associations between stunting and mistiming/unwantedness of index children, suggesting the absence of discrimination against such children. We conclude that while fertility preferences have no effect, reproductive behaviours exert significant influence on child growth. Sibsize has been falling for many years in India but birth interval lengths have remained largely unchanged. The results underscore the need for strengthening uptake of reversible contraceptives to enable longer birth intervals.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 37-50
Issue: 1
Volume: 75
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2020.1826564
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2020.1826564
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:75:y:2021:i:1:p:37-50
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Berenike Thoma
Author-X-Name-First: Berenike
Author-X-Name-Last: Thoma
Author-Name: Nikkil Sudharsanan
Author-X-Name-First: Nikkil
Author-X-Name-Last: Sudharsanan
Author-Name: Omar Karlsson
Author-X-Name-First: Omar
Author-X-Name-Last: Karlsson
Author-Name: William Joe
Author-X-Name-First: William
Author-X-Name-Last: Joe
Author-Name: S.V. Subramanian
Author-X-Name-First: S.V.
Author-X-Name-Last: Subramanian
Author-Name: Jan-Walter De Neve
Author-X-Name-First: Jan-Walter
Author-X-Name-Last: De Neve
Title: Children’s education and parental old-age health: Evidence from a population-based, nationally representative study in India
Abstract:
Previous research has documented intergenerational transmission of human capital from children to parents. Less is known, however, about heterogeneity in this ‘upward transmission’ in low-resource settings. We examine whether co-resident adult children’s education is associated with improved health among older parents in India, using nationally representative data from the 2014 Indian National Sample Survey. Parents of children with tertiary education had a lower probability of reporting poor health than parents of children with less than primary education. The benefits of children’s education persisted after controlling for economic factors, suggesting that non-pecuniary pathways—such as health knowledge or skills—may play an important role. The association was more pronounced among economically dependent parents and those living in the North and West regions. Taken together, our results point to a strong positive association between children’s education and parental health, the role of non-pecuniary pathways, and the importance of subnational heterogeneity in India.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 51-66
Issue: 1
Volume: 75
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2020.1775873
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2020.1775873
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:75:y:2021:i:1:p:51-66
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mikołaj Szołtysek
Author-X-Name-First: Mikołaj
Author-X-Name-Last: Szołtysek
Author-Name: Bartosz Ogórek
Author-X-Name-First: Bartosz
Author-X-Name-Last: Ogórek
Author-Name: Siegfried Gruber
Author-X-Name-First: Siegfried
Author-X-Name-Last: Gruber
Title: Global and local correlations of Hajnal’s household formation markers in historical Europe: A cautionary tale
Abstract:
Previous scholarship has assumed global correlations between premarital service in husbandry, marriage age, the extent to which marriage coincided with the attainment of household headship, and the nuclear household structure. According to John Hajnal, these were the four core principles of historical household formation systems. However, whether such correlations applied universally across Europe remains uncertain. We test this possibility by applying both global and local (geographically weighted) measures of correlation to data for 256 rural populations from historical Europe. We demonstrate that local correlations diverge considerably from the global results. The mutual associations between household formation markers exhibit considerable spatial drifts and important spatial gradients, and the numbers of joint combinations of these associations far exceed those predicted by Hajnal. We argue that the global relationship patterns that Hajnal promoted may lead to incorrect interpretations of historical family systems, and may detract from our understanding of their actual mechanics.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 67-89
Issue: 1
Volume: 75
Year: 2021
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2020.1832252
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2020.1832252
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:75:y:2021:i:1:p:67-89
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Niels van den Berg
Author-X-Name-First: Niels
Author-X-Name-Last: van den Berg
Author-Name: Ingrid K. van Dijk
Author-X-Name-First: Ingrid K.
Author-X-Name-Last: van Dijk
Author-Name: Rick J. Mourits
Author-X-Name-First: Rick J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Mourits
Author-Name: P. Eline Slagboom
Author-X-Name-First: P. Eline
Author-X-Name-Last: Slagboom
Author-Name: Angelique A. P. O. Janssens
Author-X-Name-First: Angelique A. P. O.
Author-X-Name-Last: Janssens
Author-Name: Kees Mandemakers
Author-X-Name-First: Kees
Author-X-Name-Last: Mandemakers
Title: Families in comparison: An individual-level comparison of life-course and family reconstructions between population and vital event registers
Abstract:
It remains unknown how different types of sources affect the reconstruction of life courses and families in large-scale databases increasingly common in demographic research. Here, we compare family and life-course reconstructions for 495 individuals simultaneously present in two well-known Dutch data sets: LINKS, based on the Zeeland province’s full-population vital event registration data (passive registration), and the Historical Sample of the Netherlands (HSN), based on a national sample of birth certificates, with follow-up of individuals in population registers (active registration). We compare indicators of fertility, marriage, mortality, and occupational status, and conclude that reconstructions in the HSN and LINKS reflect each other well: LINKS provides more complete information on siblings and parents, whereas the HSN provides more complete life-course information. We conclude that life-course and family reconstructions based on linked passive registration of individuals constitute a reliable alternative to reconstructions based on active registration, if case selection is carefully considered.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 91-110
Issue: 1
Volume: 75
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2020.1718186
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2020.1718186
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:75:y:2021:i:1:p:91-110
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Emmanuel Souza
Author-X-Name-First: Emmanuel
Author-X-Name-Last: Souza
Title: Labour market incorporation of immigrant women in South Africa: Impacts of human capital and family structure
Abstract:
This paper examines the labour market incorporation of African-born immigrant women in South Africa using data from the 2011 Census. It investigates women’s labour force participation, employment prospects, and access to formal employment, assessing how human capital and household factors explain labour market decisions. Results underscore significant challenges to immigrant incorporation in South Africa. Not only are immigrants less likely to participate in the labour force than black South African women, but for those who participate, employment levels are lower. Although immigrants have an employment edge over South Africans once individual and household factors are held constant, immigrants are over-represented in informal jobs. Returns to human capital are also lower among foreign- than South-African–born women. Together, these results suggest a segmented pattern of incorporation for immigrant women in South Africa. Results by national origin emphasize the importance of egalitarianism and co-ethnic community characteristics in structuring women’s labour force participation.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 111-131
Issue: 1
Volume: 75
Year: 2021
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2020.1838601
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2020.1838601
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:75:y:2021:i:1:p:111-131
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kenneth Aarskaug Wiik
Author-X-Name-First: Kenneth Aarskaug
Author-X-Name-Last: Wiik
Author-Name: Lars Dommermuth
Author-X-Name-First: Lars
Author-X-Name-Last: Dommermuth
Author-Name: Jennifer A. Holland
Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Holland
Title: Partnership transitions among the children of immigrants in Norway: The role of partner choice
Abstract:
The family life courses of immigrants and their descendants have been widely studied as indicators of societal integration. But largely absent are investigations into the role of cohabitation in the family lives of these subpopulations. Using Norwegian register data on individuals who were either native born or who immigrated before age 18, we analyse the formation of first cohabiting and marital unions. Next, we compare associations between endogamous or exogamous partner choice and transitions from these first unions. Results showed that the children of immigrants were less likely to cohabit endogamously, but overall more likely to cohabit exogamously and to marry than Norwegians without a migration background. Endogamous migrant-background cohabiting unions were least likely to dissolve, whereas cohabiting couples involving one or two majority partners were less marriage prone than endogamous migrant-background couples. Similarly, among those married, endogamous migrant-background couples were less likely to divorce than their exogamous counterparts.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 133-152
Issue: 1
Volume: 75
Year: 2021
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2020.1851749
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2020.1851749
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:75:y:2021:i:1:p:133-152
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ester Lazzari
Author-X-Name-First: Ester
Author-X-Name-Last: Lazzari
Author-Name: Ryohei Mogi
Author-X-Name-First: Ryohei
Author-X-Name-Last: Mogi
Author-Name: Vladimir Canudas-Romo
Author-X-Name-First: Vladimir
Author-X-Name-Last: Canudas-Romo
Title: Educational composition and parity contribution to completed cohort fertility change in low-fertility settings
Abstract:
Extensive literature has documented the contribution of rising women’s education to decreases in completed cohort fertility (CCF). A key question related to the education–fertility relationship is to what extent the decrease in fertility is the result of changes in educational composition vs changes in fertility behaviours within educational categories. This study quantified the effect of educational expansion on fertility levels by decomposing the overall change in CCF into educational composition and education-specific fertility, and explored the changes in parity-specific components of CCF by education for cohorts born between 1940 and 1970. The results show that, despite the decline in CCF being caused mostly by changes in fertility behaviours, educational composition had a considerable impact for some cohorts. The decline in third and higher-order births played a central role in the fall in CCF across educational groups, while the effects of transitions to first and second births varied substantially.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 153-167
Issue: 2
Volume: 75
Year: 2021
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2021.1895291
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2021.1895291
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:75:y:2021:i:2:p:153-167
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hendrik P. van Dalen
Author-X-Name-First: Hendrik P.
Author-X-Name-Last: van Dalen
Author-Name: Kène Henkens
Author-X-Name-First: Kène
Author-X-Name-Last: Henkens
Title: When is fertility too low or too high? Population policy preferences of demographers around the world
Abstract:
When does fertility in a country become so low or so high that a government needs to intervene? This paper sheds light on this population policy question, based on a worldwide survey among demographers. We examine how professionals’ policy preferences regarding fertility levels are affected by their views on the impacts of population growth/decline and by fertility in their country of residence. The median respondent suggests intervention once fertility goes below 1.4 children or above 3.0. Three results stand out: first, demographers who are concerned about the carrying capacity of the earth are more willing to intervene than those who are less concerned. Second, the context of decision-making matters: experts living in high-fertility countries are more set on intervention than those living in low-fertility countries, but their threshold fertility level is also higher. Third, political orientation matters: right-leaning demographers are more set on government intervention than left-leaning demographers.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 289-303
Issue: 2
Volume: 75
Year: 2021
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2020.1784986
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2020.1784986
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:75:y:2021:i:2:p:289-303
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anne Morse
Author-X-Name-First: Anne
Author-X-Name-Last: Morse
Author-Name: Nancy Luke
Author-X-Name-First: Nancy
Author-X-Name-Last: Luke
Title: Foetal loss and feminine sex ratios at birth in sub-Saharan Africa
Abstract:
A wealth of demographic research has explored the determinants of sex ratios at birth, but few studies have considered the role of foetal loss (spontaneous abortion), in producing feminine sex ratios. One challenge is measuring the occurrence of foetal loss, which is difficult to recognize and report in survey research. This study uses the length of the birth interval as a proxy for foetal loss; foetal loss restarts the clock on time to conception and lengthens the birth interval. We use Demographic and Health Survey data on second births to women in 17 sub-Saharan African countries. Results show that longer second birth intervals are significantly related to lower odds of a male second birth and to feminine sex ratios at birth. These findings suggest that high levels of foetal loss, which could signal underlying poor maternal health in a population, have dramatic effects on the sex ratio at birth.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 239-254
Issue: 2
Volume: 75
Year: 2021
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2021.1877793
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2021.1877793
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:75:y:2021:i:2:p:239-254
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sumit Agarwal
Author-X-Name-First: Sumit
Author-X-Name-Last: Agarwal
Author-Name: Wenlan Qian
Author-X-Name-First: Wenlan
Author-X-Name-Last: Qian
Author-Name: Tien Foo Sing
Author-X-Name-First: Tien Foo
Author-X-Name-Last: Sing
Author-Name: Poh Lin Tan
Author-X-Name-First: Poh Lin
Author-X-Name-Last: Tan
Title: Fortunes of Dragons: Cohort size effects on life outcomes
Abstract:
This paper examines the long-term effects of birth cohort size on life outcomes. Using administrative data from Singapore, we study the outcomes of large birth cohorts created by the Chinese superstitious practice of zodiac birth timing, where parents prefer to give birth in the year of the Dragon. This practice is followed exclusively by the Chinese majority, with no similar patterns detected among non-Chinese minorities, allowing us to differentiate cohort size effects from confounding year-of-birth effects. Despite government efforts to increase public educational resources for these cohorts, Chinese Dragons earn lower incomes and are less likely to gain admission to national universities. There is also evidence of negative externalities on non-practising populations who happen to enter the labour market at the same time as Chinese Dragons. Our analysis suggests that the adverse life outcomes are not due to selection, but rather reflect the aggregate resource implications of birth cohort size.Supplementary material is available for this article at: https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2020.1864458
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 191-207
Issue: 2
Volume: 75
Year: 2021
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2020.1864458
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2020.1864458
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:75:y:2021:i:2:p:191-207
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bruno Masquelier
Author-X-Name-First: Bruno
Author-X-Name-Last: Masquelier
Author-Name: Mufaro Kanyangarara
Author-X-Name-First: Mufaro
Author-X-Name-Last: Kanyangarara
Author-Name: Gilles Pison
Author-X-Name-First: Gilles
Author-X-Name-Last: Pison
Author-Name: Almamy Malick Kanté
Author-X-Name-First: Almamy Malick
Author-X-Name-Last: Kanté
Author-Name: Cheikh Tidiane Ndiaye
Author-X-Name-First: Cheikh Tidiane
Author-X-Name-Last: Ndiaye
Author-Name: Laetitia Douillot
Author-X-Name-First: Laetitia
Author-X-Name-Last: Douillot
Author-Name: Géraldine Duthé
Author-X-Name-First: Géraldine
Author-X-Name-Last: Duthé
Author-Name: Cheikh Sokhna
Author-X-Name-First: Cheikh
Author-X-Name-Last: Sokhna
Author-Name: Valérie Delaunay
Author-X-Name-First: Valérie
Author-X-Name-Last: Delaunay
Author-Name: Stéphane Helleringer
Author-X-Name-First: Stéphane
Author-X-Name-Last: Helleringer
Title: Errors in reported ages and dates in surveys of adult mortality: A record linkage study in Niakhar (Senegal)
Abstract:
Sibling survival histories are a major source of adult mortality estimates in countries with incomplete death registration. We evaluate age and date reporting errors in sibling histories collected during a validation study in the Niakhar Health and Demographic Surveillance System (Senegal). Participants were randomly assigned to either the Demographic and Health Survey questionnaire or a questionnaire incorporating an event history calendar, recall cues, and increased probing strategies. We linked 60–62 per cent of survey reports of siblings to the reference database using manual and probabilistic approaches. Both questionnaires showed high sensitivity (>96 per cent) and specificity (>97 per cent) in recording siblings’ vital status. Respondents underestimated the age of living siblings, and age at and time since death of deceased siblings. These reporting errors introduced downward biases in mortality estimates. The revised questionnaire improved reporting of age of living siblings but not of age at or timing of deaths.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 269-287
Issue: 2
Volume: 75
Year: 2021
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2020.1854332
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2020.1854332
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:75:y:2021:i:2:p:269-287
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ilya Kashnitsky
Author-X-Name-First: Ilya
Author-X-Name-Last: Kashnitsky
Author-Name: Joop De Beer
Author-X-Name-First: Joop
Author-X-Name-Last: De Beer
Author-Name: Leo Van Wissen
Author-X-Name-First: Leo
Author-X-Name-Last: Van Wissen
Title: Unequally ageing regions of Europe: Exploring the role of urbanization
Abstract:
Since young adults tend to move from rural to urban regions, whereas older adults move from urban to rural regions, we may expect to see increasing differences in population ageing across urban and rural regions. This paper examines whether trends in population ageing across urban and rural NUTS-2 regions of the EU-27 have diverged over the period 2003–13. We use the methodological approach of convergence analysis, quite recently brought to demography from the field of economic research. Unlike classical beta and sigma approaches to convergence, we focus not on any single summary statistic of convergence, but rather analyse the whole cumulative distribution of regions. Such an approach helps to identify which specific group of regions is responsible for the major changes. Our results suggest that, despite expectations, there was no divergence in age structures between urban and rural regions; rather, divergence happened within each of the groups of regions.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 221-237
Issue: 2
Volume: 75
Year: 2021
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2020.1788130
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2020.1788130
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:75:y:2021:i:2:p:221-237
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Brian Joseph Gillespie
Author-X-Name-First: Brian Joseph
Author-X-Name-Last: Gillespie
Author-Name: Clara H. Mulder
Author-X-Name-First: Clara H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Mulder
Author-Name: Michael J. Thomas
Author-X-Name-First: Michael J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Thomas
Title: Migration for family and labour market outcomes in Sweden
Abstract:
Using information on stated motives for migrating among working-age individuals in the 2007 Swedish Motives for Migration survey (N = 1,852), we use multinomial logistic regression to examine whether and how moves for family reasons are linked to labour market outcomes in ways that differ from migration initiated for other motives, including more overtly labour-related factors. The results indicate that family-based migration is associated with worse labour market outcomes than migration for employment or other reasons. Additionally, family-motivated migrants with co-resident children are more likely to experience labour market deterioration than those without children. Among those who were unemployed before moving, those who reported family as a motive for moving were significantly more likely to be employed after the move. These results help us better assess how families and social networks impact economic outcomes—negatively in some circumstances and positively in others.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 209-219
Issue: 2
Volume: 75
Year: 2021
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2020.1800068
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2020.1800068
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:75:y:2021:i:2:p:209-219
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Terje Skjerpen
Author-X-Name-First: Terje
Author-X-Name-Last: Skjerpen
Author-Name: Marianne Tønnessen
Author-X-Name-First: Marianne
Author-X-Name-Last: Tønnessen
Title: Using future age profiles to improve immigration projections
Abstract:
Young adults migrate more than older people. As populations in many countries get older, this may affect out-migration—and thus immigration to other countries. This is not usually accounted for in projections of future immigration, even though considerable ageing is expected globally. We show how United Nations projections of future age profiles in origin regions can be combined with those regions’ emigration rates by age group to improve national projections of immigration to a destination country, exemplified by Norway. Using various methods for projecting future migration, we show that projected immigration tends to be lower when taking expected ageing in origin regions into account. This may have a considerable effect on population projections: for Norway, taking changing age profiles in origin regions into account in immigration projections would have an effect on the projected population of Norway equivalent to that of reducing the fertility assumptions by 0.1 children per woman.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 255-267
Issue: 2
Volume: 75
Year: 2021
Month: 5
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2020.1794019
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2020.1794019
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:75:y:2021:i:2:p:255-267
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alyce Raybould
Author-X-Name-First: Alyce
Author-X-Name-Last: Raybould
Author-Name: Rebecca Sear
Author-X-Name-First: Rebecca
Author-X-Name-Last: Sear
Title: Children of the (gender) revolution: A theoretical and empirical synthesis of how gendered division of labour influences fertility
Abstract:
Gender equity theories of fertility broadly predict that the lowest fertility in high-income settings will be seen in women facing a ‘dual burden’ of both paid and unpaid labour responsibilities, but that fertility will increase when male partners share domestic labour. Here we provide a critique of some gender equity theories of fertility in demography, and restate the hypothesis in terms of complementarity between partners. Further, we suggest authors use an interdisciplinary approach, such as integrating perspectives from evolutionary theory and the ‘Traits-Desires-Intentions-Behaviour’ framework, to provide some consistency to this diverse literature. Building on this theoretical synthesis, we perform a systematic review of 95 pieces of analysis. This broadly supports the idea that fertility will be low where women face a dual burden, which is particularly evident among macro-level studies, micro-level analyses investigating progression to subsequent children, and studies which do not use gender role attitudes as an independent variable.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 169-190
Issue: 2
Volume: 75
Year: 2021
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2020.1851748
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2020.1851748
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:75:y:2021:i:2:p:169-190
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Megan N. Reed
Author-X-Name-First: Megan N.
Author-X-Name-Last: Reed
Title: Reproductive transitions and women’s status in Indian households
Abstract:
Using panel data, this study tracks the impact of reproductive transitions on women’s status in the household in India. Here, status refers to the social benefits that women experience by meeting societal expectations related to childbearing. The analysis shows that becoming a mother is associated with increased freedom of movement and access to enabling resources. The adoption of permanent contraception—a common life course event marking the end of childbearing in India—is associated with increased freedom of movement but has no association with changes in access to enabling resources. Household decision-making, another dimension of women’s status examined in the paper, is less dynamic over time and there is limited evidence of its association with reproductive transitions. The findings illustrate the tight linkages between household power dynamics and the life course in the South Asian context, and highlight the centrality of women’s role as mothers in determining their social position.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 325-341
Issue: 3
Volume: 75
Year: 2021
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2021.1904147
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2021.1904147
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:75:y:2021:i:3:p:325-341
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ragui Assaad
Author-X-Name-First: Ragui
Author-X-Name-Last: Assaad
Author-Name: Caroline Krafft
Author-X-Name-First: Caroline
Author-X-Name-Last: Krafft
Author-Name: Dominique J. Rolando
Author-X-Name-First: Dominique J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Rolando
Title: Evaluating the impact of housing market liberalization on the timing of marriage: Evidence from Egypt
Abstract:
The transition to adulthood around the world is increasingly characterized by young people’s desire to form independent households. Forming such households in Egypt requires buying or building a dwelling or obtaining a rental unit. Policies governing housing markets, such as rent control, and limited financing options have historically made access to housing for young couples challenging. In this paper, we use a difference-in-difference approach to evaluate how the liberalization of rental markets in Egypt affected the timing of marriage. We find that Egypt’s 1996 rental reforms accelerated marriages and led to a reversal in the trend of rising age at marriage.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 343-361
Issue: 3
Volume: 75
Year: 2021
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2021.1914853
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2021.1914853
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:75:y:2021:i:3:p:343-361
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Martin Dribe
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Dribe
Author-Name: Christopher D. Smith
Author-X-Name-First: Christopher D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Smith
Title: Social class and fertility: A long-run analysis of Southern Sweden, 1922–2015
Abstract:
This paper examines social class differences in fertility, using longitudinal micro-level data for a regional sample in Sweden, 1922–2015. Using discrete-time event history models, we estimated the association between social class and parity-specific duration to next birth, adjusting for household income in separate models. Social class was associated with fertility quite independently from income and the association was both parity-dependent and sex-specific. For transitions to parenthood, higher class position was associated with higher fertility for men and lower fertility for women before 1970, but then converged into a positive association for both sexes after 1990. For continued childbearing, a weak U-shaped relationship before 1947 turned into a positive relationship for second births and a negative relationship for higher-order births in the period after 1990. These patterns likely reflect broader changes in work–family compatibility and are connected to profound shifts in labour markets and institutional arrangements in twentieth-century Sweden.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 305-323
Issue: 3
Volume: 75
Year: 2021
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2020.1810746
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2020.1810746
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:75:y:2021:i:3:p:305-323
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alberto Palloni
Author-X-Name-First: Alberto
Author-X-Name-Last: Palloni
Author-Name: Hiram Beltrán-Sánchez
Author-X-Name-First: Hiram
Author-X-Name-Last: Beltrán-Sánchez
Author-Name: Guido Pinto
Author-X-Name-First: Guido
Author-X-Name-Last: Pinto
Title: Estimation of older-adult mortality from information distorted by systematic age misreporting
Abstract:
Testing theories about human senescence and longevity demands accurate information on older-adult mortality; this is rare in low- to middle-income countries where raw data may be distorted by defective completeness and systematic age misreporting. For this reason, such populations are frequently excluded from empirical tests of mortality and longevity theories, thus limiting their reach, as they reflect only a small and selected human mortality experience. In this paper we formulate an integrated method to compute estimates of older-adult mortality when vital registration and population counts are defective due to inaccurate coverage and/or systematic age misreporting. The procedure is validated with a simulation study that identifies a strategy to compute adjustments, which, under some assumptions, performs quite well. While the paper focuses on Latin American and Caribbean countries, the method is quite general and, with additional information and some model reformulation, could be applied to other populations with similar problems.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 403-420
Issue: 3
Volume: 75
Year: 2021
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2021.1918752
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2021.1918752
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:75:y:2021:i:3:p:403-420
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Emily Treleaven
Author-X-Name-First: Emily
Author-X-Name-Last: Treleaven
Author-Name: Toan Ngoc Pham
Author-X-Name-First: Toan Ngoc
Author-X-Name-Last: Pham
Author-Name: Anh Duy Nguyen
Author-X-Name-First: Anh Duy
Author-X-Name-Last: Nguyen
Author-Name: Nadia Diamond-Smith
Author-X-Name-First: Nadia
Author-X-Name-Last: Diamond-Smith
Title: The list experiment: An approach to measuring stigmatized behaviours related to sex-selective abortion
Abstract:
Vietnam reports one of the highest levels of abortion globally and an increasingly skewed sex ratio at birth. Abortion and related stigmatized behaviours are notoriously difficult to measure, yet understanding women’s ability and willingness to engage in sex selection is of interest to demographers and policymakers alike. We piloted the list experiment, an indirect questioning method, to estimate the prevalence of prenatal sex determination and sex-selective abortion. Respondents reported the total number of items they had engaged in from a list, reducing non-response and incentives to under-report. Among 900 women sampled at two hospitals in Hanoi, we estimated a high prevalence of prenatal sex determination. We found a low prevalence of sex-selective abortion, but higher prevalence among specific parity and children’s sex composition subgroups. Responses to knowledge and attitudinal questions underscored women’s perceived stigma around sex-selective abortion, suggesting the list experiment is a potentially useful tool for studying son preference.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 363-380
Issue: 3
Volume: 75
Year: 2021
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2021.1900589
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2021.1900589
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:75:y:2021:i:3:p:363-380
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Simon Gregson
Author-X-Name-First: Simon
Author-X-Name-Last: Gregson
Author-Name: Constance Nyamukapa
Author-X-Name-First: Constance
Author-X-Name-Last: Nyamukapa
Title: Did sexual behaviour differences between HIV infection and treatment groups offset the preventative biological effects of ART roll-out in Zimbabwe?
Abstract:
Declines in HIV incidence have been slower than expected during the roll-out of antiretroviral treatment (ART) services in sub-Saharan African populations suffering generalized epidemics. Using data from a population-based, open cohort HIV sero-survey (2004–13), we found evidence for initial reductions in sexual activity and multiple sexual partnerships, followed by increases during the period of ART scale-up in areas of high HIV prevalence in Manicaland, east Zimbabwe. Recent population-level increases in condom use were also recorded, but largely reflected high use by the rapidly growing proportion of HIV-infected individuals on treatment. Sexual risk behaviour increased in susceptible uninfected individuals and in untreated (and therefore more infectious) HIV-infected men, which may have slowed the decline in HIV incidence in this area. Intensified primary HIV prevention programmes, together with strengthened risk screening, referral, and support services following HIV testing, could help to maximize the impact of ‘test-and-treat’ programmes in reducing new infections.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 457-476
Issue: 3
Volume: 75
Year: 2021
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2021.1874043
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2021.1874043
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:75:y:2021:i:3:p:457-476
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Guogui Huang
Author-X-Name-First: Guogui
Author-X-Name-Last: Huang
Author-Name: Fei Guo
Author-X-Name-First: Fei
Author-X-Name-Last: Guo
Author-Name: Gong Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Gong
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Title: Multidimensional healthy life expectancy of the older population in China
Abstract:
Research on healthy life expectancy (HLE) that considers cognitive impairment has been inadequate, particularly in the context of less developed countries. Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, our study fills this research gap by computing active life expectancy (ALE), cognitive-impairment-free life expectancy (CIFLE), and active and cognitive-impairment-free life expectancy (ACIFLE) for China’s older population, using multistate life tables. Results show that at age 60, the three life expectancies were 19.4 years (ALE), 9.5 years (CIFLE), and 8.8 years (ACIFLE) during the period 2011–13. HLE exhibits significant differentials by sex, urban/rural residence, educational level, marital status, and health status at age 60. Among China’s older people, males and those living in urban areas experience higher CIFLE, and those who live with a spouse, are more educated, and are healthy at age 60 expect more years in good health according to all three HLE measures.Supplementary material for this article is available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2021.1914854
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 421-442
Issue: 3
Volume: 75
Year: 2021
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2021.1914854
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2021.1914854
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:75:y:2021:i:3:p:421-442
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Samson Wasao
Author-X-Name-First: Samson
Author-X-Name-Last: Wasao
Author-Name: Cory Anderson
Author-X-Name-First: Cory
Author-X-Name-Last: Anderson
Author-Name: Christian Mpody
Author-X-Name-First: Christian
Author-X-Name-Last: Mpody
Title: The persistently high fertility of a North American population: A 25-year restudy of parity among the Ohio Amish
Abstract:
Why do the North American Amish maintain high fertility when surrounding populations have nearly all completed the demographic transition? Using the same theoretical predictors and methods as a 1996 Population Studies paper, we explore fertility changes, specifically changes in mean parity, between 1988 and 2015 among one sizeable Amish population in Ohio. Findings suggest that wealth flow shifts (as measured by a decline in farming families) and institutional changes (reflected in Amish denominational gradations) help to explain a decline in mean parity from 5.3 to 4.85, while ideological pronatalism (represented by higher fertility among church leaders) helps to explain why fertility has not been more responsive to structural incentives to limit family size. While this restudy confirms the trend of a slow decline in Amish fertility, it also invites a more methodologically expansive inquiry into Amish fertility patterns.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 477-486
Issue: 3
Volume: 75
Year: 2021
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2021.1883725
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2021.1883725
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:75:y:2021:i:3:p:477-486
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anikó Bíró
Author-X-Name-First: Anikó
Author-X-Name-Last: Bíró
Author-Name: Tamás Hajdu
Author-X-Name-First: Tamás
Author-X-Name-Last: Hajdu
Author-Name: Gábor Kertesi
Author-X-Name-First: Gábor
Author-X-Name-Last: Kertesi
Author-Name: Dániel Prinz
Author-X-Name-First: Dániel
Author-X-Name-Last: Prinz
Title: Life expectancy inequalities in Hungary over 25 years: The role of avoidable deaths
Abstract:
Using mortality registers and administrative data on income and population, we develop new evidence on the magnitude of life expectancy inequality in Hungary and the scope for health policy in mitigating this. We document considerable inequalities in life expectancy at age 45 across settlement-level income groups, and show that these inequalities have increased between 1991–96 and 2011–16 for both men and women. We show that avoidable deaths play a large role in life expectancy inequality. Income-related inequalities in health behaviours, access to care, and healthcare use are all closely linked to the inequality in life expectancy.Supplementary material for this article is available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2021.1877332
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 443-455
Issue: 3
Volume: 75
Year: 2021
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2021.1877332
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2021.1877332
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:75:y:2021:i:3:p:443-455
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hannaliis Jaadla
Author-X-Name-First: Hannaliis
Author-X-Name-Last: Jaadla
Author-Name: Leigh Shaw-Taylor
Author-X-Name-First: Leigh
Author-X-Name-Last: Shaw-Taylor
Author-Name: Romola Davenport
Author-X-Name-First: Romola
Author-X-Name-Last: Davenport
Title: Height and health in late eighteenth-century England
Abstract:
Adult stature has become a widely used indicator of childhood nutritional status in historical populations and may provide insights into health inequalities that are not discernible in mortality rates. However, most pre-twentieth-century British data on heights suffer from selection biases. Here we present unique evidence on heights of adult males by occupation from an unbiased sample of adult males in Dorset in 1798–99. The mean height of fully grown (married) men was very similar to that of older military recruits, and our sample therefore confirms the taller stature of English males relative to males of other European countries in the same period. In contrast to previous evidence of negligible or U-shaped socio-economic gradients in mortality in this period, we found a fairly linear gradient in height by socio-economic status, that is similar in magnitude to class differences in adult height among English males born in the mid-twentieth century.Supplementary material for this article is available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2020.1823011
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 381-401
Issue: 3
Volume: 75
Year: 2021
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2020.1823011
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2020.1823011
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:75:y:2021:i:3:p:381-401
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Melinda C. Mills
Author-X-Name-First: Melinda C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Mills
Author-Name: Charles Rahal
Author-X-Name-First: Charles
Author-X-Name-Last: Rahal
Title: Population Studies at 75 years: An empirical review
Abstract:
Population Studies advances research on fertility, mortality, family, migration, methods, policy, and beyond, yet it lacks a recent, rigorous review. We examine all papers published between 1947 and 2020 (N = 1,901) and their authors, using natural language processing, social network analysis, and mixed methods that combine unsupervised machine learning with qualitative coding. After providing a brief history, we map the evolution in authorship and papers towards shorter, multi-authored papers, also finding that females comprise 33.5 per cent of authorship across the period under study, with varied sex ratios across topics. Most papers examine fertility, mortality, and family, studying groups and change, but topics vary over time. Children are rarely studied, and research on women focuses on family planning, fertility decline, and unions, whereas key domains for research on men are migration, historical demography (war, famine), and employment. Research on Africa and Asia focuses on family planning, with work on fertility decline concentrated on North America and Europe, consistent with theories of demographic transition. Our resulting discussion identifies future directions for demographic research.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 7-25
Issue: S1
Volume: 75
Year: 2021
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2021.1996624
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2021.1996624
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:75:y:2021:i:S1:p:7-25
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Svenn-Erik Mamelund
Author-X-Name-First: Svenn-Erik
Author-X-Name-Last: Mamelund
Author-Name: Jessica Dimka
Author-X-Name-First: Jessica
Author-X-Name-Last: Dimka
Title: Not the great equalizers: Covid-19, 1918–20 influenza, and the need for a paradigm shift in pandemic preparedness
Abstract:
Despite common perceptions to the contrary, pandemic diseases do not affect populations indiscriminately. In this paper, we review literature produced by demographers, historians, epidemiologists, and other researchers on disparities during the 1918–20 influenza pandemic and the Covid-19 pandemic. Evidence from these studies demonstrates that lower socio-economic status and minority/stigmatized race or ethnicity are associated with higher morbidity and mortality. However, such research often lacks theoretical frameworks or appropriate data to explain the mechanisms underlying these disparities fully. We suggest using a framework that considers proximal and distal factors contributing to differential exposure, susceptibility, and consequences as one way to move this research forward. Further, current pandemic preparedness plans emphasize medically defined risk groups and epidemiological approaches. Therefore, we conclude by arguing in favour of a transdisciplinary paradigm that recognizes socially defined risk groups, includes input from the social sciences and humanities and other diverse perspectives, and contributes to the reduction of health disparities before a pandemic hits.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 179-199
Issue: S1
Volume: 75
Year: 2021
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2021.1959630
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2021.1959630
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:75:y:2021:i:S1:p:179-199
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wendy Sigle
Author-X-Name-First: Wendy
Author-X-Name-Last: Sigle
Title: Demography’s theory and approach: (How) has the view from the margins changed?
Abstract:
Around the time that Population Studies celebrated its 50th anniversary in 1996, Susan Greenhalgh published ‘An intellectual, institutional, and political history of twentieth-century demography’. Her contribution described a discipline that, when viewed from its margins, prompted scholars in other disciplines to ask the following questions: ‘Why is the field still wedded to many of the assumptions of mid-century modernization theory and why are there no critical … perspectives in the discipline?’ (Greenhalgh 1996, p. 27). Those questions still arise today. Similarly, Greenhalgh’s observation that ‘neither the global political economies of the 1970s, nor the postmodernisms and postcolonialities of the 1980s and 1990s, nor the feminisms of any decade have had much perceptible impact on the field’ (pp. 27–8), remains a fairly accurate depiction of research published in Population Studies and other demography journals. In this contribution, focusing predominantly on feminist research and insights, I discuss how little has changed since 1996 and explain why the continued lack of engagement concerns me. Demographers still often fail to appreciate the impossibility of atheoretical ‘just descriptive’ research. Our methods carry assumptions and so rely on (often) implicit theoretical frameworks. Not making frameworks explicit does not mean they do not exert an important influence. I end by proposing that the training of research students should be part of a strategy to effect change.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 235-251
Issue: S1
Volume: 75
Year: 2021
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2021.1984550
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2021.1984550
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:75:y:2021:i:S1:p:235-251
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alice Reid
Author-X-Name-First: Alice
Author-X-Name-Last: Reid
Title: Why a long-term perspective is beneficial for demographers
Abstract:
Although many contemporary demographers pay attention to historical demography, there is often a surprising lack of appreciation of the demographic circumstances and systems of the past, suggesting an implicit assumption that they are not relevant to the present or that the methods, data, and questions addressed by historical and contemporary demographers are different. This paper provides an overview of historical demography as published in Population Studies and how this has developed over time. Drawing on this, I demonstrate that historical and contemporary demography use similar data sources and identical methods, and they often address comparable questions. I argue that an appreciation of demographic patterns and processes is beneficial for all demographers, even those who work on the most recent time periods, and that better integration of historical and contemporary demography would be beneficial to both. The paper also considers three challenges for historical demography as it moves forward.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 157-177
Issue: S1
Volume: 75
Year: 2021
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2021.2002393
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2021.2002393
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:75:y:2021:i:S1:p:157-177
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ronald Skeldon
Author-X-Name-First: Ronald
Author-X-Name-Last: Skeldon
Title: Moving towards the centre or the exit? Migration in population studies and in Population Studies 1996–2021
Abstract:
This paper examines the position of migration in population studies, focusing on the period 1996–2021. It considers the reasons why migration remains problematic for demographers, but also how approaches to migration have changed over the last 25 years. While it has arguably become more important to both demography and population studies because of the transition to low fertility and mortality, migration has metamorphosed into a complex field in its own right, almost independently from changes in demography. Both internal and international migration form the subject of this examination and four main themes are pursued: data and measurement; theories and approaches; migration and development; and migration and political demography. The papers published in the journal Population Studies are used to provide a mirror through which to view these changes over the last 25 years. This paper concludes by looking at likely future directions in migration studies, demography, and population studies.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 27-45
Issue: S1
Volume: 75
Year: 2021
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2021.1942178
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2021.1942178
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:75:y:2021:i:S1:p:27-45
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rishita Nandagiri
Author-X-Name-First: Rishita
Author-X-Name-Last: Nandagiri
Title: What’s so troubling about ‘voluntary’ family planning anyway? A feminist perspective
Abstract:
Voluntary family planning is a key mainstay of demographic work and population policies. The 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) signalled a decisive shift away from fertility reduction and target-setting to an emphasis on voluntary family planning as intrinsic to reproductive health and women’s empowerment. Yet, criticisms of voluntary family planning programmes persist, interrogating how ‘voluntariness’ is understood and wielded or questioning the instrumentalization of women’s fertilities in the service of economic and developmental goals. In this paper, I reflect on these debates with the aim of troubling the notion of voluntary family planning as an unambiguous good that enables equitable empowerment and development for all. Drawing on literature from cognate disciplines, I highlight how voluntariness is linked to social and structural conditions, and I challenge the instrumentalization of voluntary family planning as a ‘common agenda’ to solve ‘development’ problems. Engaging with this work can contribute to key concepts (e.g. ‘voluntary’) and measurements (e.g. autonomy), strengthening the collective commitment to achieving the ICPD and contributing to reproductive empowerment and autonomy. Through this intervention, I aim to help demographers see why some critics call for a reconsideration of voluntary family planning and encourage a decoupling of interventions from fertility reduction aims, instead centring human rights, autonomy, and reproductive empowerment.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 221-234
Issue: S1
Volume: 75
Year: 2021
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2021.1996623
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2021.1996623
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:75:y:2021:i:S1:p:221-234
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Ermisch
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Ermisch
Title: Looking to the future of Population Studies
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 253-254
Issue: S1
Volume: 75
Year: 2021
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2021.2006444
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2021.2006444
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:75:y:2021:i:S1:p:253-254
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wendy Sigle
Author-X-Name-First: Wendy
Author-X-Name-Last: Sigle
Author-Name: Alice Reid
Author-X-Name-First: Alice
Author-X-Name-Last: Reid
Author-Name: Rebecca Sear
Author-X-Name-First: Rebecca
Author-X-Name-Last: Sear
Title: 75 years of Population Studies: A diamond anniversary special issue
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 1-5
Issue: S1
Volume: 75
Year: 2021
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2021.2006440
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2021.2006440
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:75:y:2021:i:S1:p:1-5
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rebecca Sear
Author-X-Name-First: Rebecca
Author-X-Name-Last: Sear
Title: Demography and the rise, apparent fall, and resurgence of eugenics
Abstract:
Demography was heavily involved in the eugenics movement of the early twentieth century but, along with most other social science disciplines, largely rejected eugenic thinking in the decades after the Second World War. Eugenic ideology never entirely deserted academia, however, and in the twenty-first century, it is re-emerging into mainstream academic discussion. This paper aims, first, to provide a reminder of demography’s early links with eugenics and, second, to raise awareness of this academic resurgence of eugenic ideology. The final aim of the paper is to recommend ways to counter this resurgence: these include more active discussion of demography’s eugenic past, especially when training students; greater emphasis on critical approaches in demography; and greater engagement of demographers (and other social scientists) with biologists and geneticists, in order to ensure that research which combines the biological and social sciences is rigorous.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 201-220
Issue: S1
Volume: 75
Year: 2021
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2021.2009013
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2021.2009013
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:75:y:2021:i:S1:p:201-220
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alyson A. van Raalte
Author-X-Name-First: Alyson A.
Author-X-Name-Last: van Raalte
Title: What have we learned about mortality patterns over the past 25 years?
Abstract:
In this paper, I examine progress in the field of mortality over the past 25 years. I argue that we have been most successful in taking advantage of an increasingly data-rich environment to improve aggregate mortality models and test pre-existing theories. Less progress has been made in relating our estimates of mortality risk at the individual level to broader mortality patterns at the population level while appropriately accounting for contextual differences and compositional change. Overall, I find that the field of mortality continues to be highly visible in demographic journals, including Population Studies. However much of what is published today in field journals could just as easily appear in neighbouring disciplinary journals, as disciplinary boundaries are shrinking.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 105-132
Issue: S1
Volume: 75
Year: 2021
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2021.1967430
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2021.1967430
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:75:y:2021:i:S1:p:105-132
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Elspeth Graham
Author-X-Name-First: Elspeth
Author-X-Name-Last: Graham
Title: Theory and explanation in demography: The case of low fertility in Europe
Abstract:
In the 50th anniversary edition of Population Studies, John Hobcraft commented that demographers spend too little time trying to explain the phenomena they measure and describe. A quarter of a century on, this paper looks at the state of theory and explanation in contemporary demography. I ask how demographers have approached the task of explanation since Hobcraft’s comment, grounding the discussion in the mainstream literature on low fertility in Europe. Using selected examples, I critically review macro- and micro-level approaches to explanation, highlighting some of the philosophical problems that each encounters. I argue that different conceptions of what demography is, and the explanatory language fertility researchers use, lead to differences in explanatory strategies that are rarely explicitly recognized. I also consider how critical theories challenge demographers to think in new ways. Despite the increasing attention paid to theory and explanation, I conclude that more engagement with the philosophy of social sciences is needed before fertility researchers can legitimately claim their studies do as much to explain and understand as to quantify and describe.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 133-155
Issue: S1
Volume: 75
Year: 2021
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2021.1971742
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2021.1971742
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:75:y:2021:i:S1:p:133-155
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Raya Muttarak
Author-X-Name-First: Raya
Author-X-Name-Last: Muttarak
Title: Demographic perspectives in research on global environmental change
Abstract:
The human population is at the centre of research on global environmental change. On the one hand, population dynamics influence the environment and the global climate system through consumption-based carbon emissions. On the other hand, the health and well-being of the population are already being affected by climate change. A knowledge of population dynamics and population heterogeneity is thus fundamental to improving our understanding of how population size, composition, and distribution influence global environmental change and how these changes affect population subgroups differentially by demographic characteristics and spatial distribution. The increasing relevance of demographic research on the topic, coupled with availability of theoretical concepts and advancement in data and computing facilities, has contributed to growing engagement of demographers in this field. In the past 25 years, demographic research has enriched climate change research—with the key contribution being in moving beyond the narrow view that population matters only in terms of population size—by putting a greater emphasis on population composition and distribution, through presenting both empirical evidence and advanced population forecasting to account for demographic and spatial heterogeneity. What remains missing in the literature is research that investigates how global environmental change affects current and future demographic processes and, consequently, population trends. If global environmental change does influence fertility, mortality, and migration, then population estimates and forecasts need to adjust for climate feedback in population projections. Indisputably, this is the area of new research that directly requires expertise in population science and contribution from demographers.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 77-104
Issue: S1
Volume: 75
Year: 2021
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2021.1988684
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2021.1988684
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:75:y:2021:i:S1:p:77-104
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ridhi Kashyap
Author-X-Name-First: Ridhi
Author-X-Name-Last: Kashyap
Title: Has demography witnessed a data revolution? Promises and pitfalls of a changing data ecosystem
Abstract:
Over the past 25 years, technological improvements that have made the collection, transmission, storage, and analysis of data significantly easier and more cost efficient have ushered in what has been described as the ‘big data’ era or the ‘data revolution’. In the social sciences context, the data revolution has often been characterized in terms of increased volume and variety of data, and much excitement has focused on the growing opportunity to repurpose data that are the by-products of the digitalization of social life for research. However, many features of the data revolution are not new for demographers, who have long used large-scale population data and been accustomed to repurposing imperfect data not originally collected for research. Nevertheless, I argue that demography, too, has been affected by the data revolution, and the data ecosystem for demographic research has been significantly enriched. These developments have occurred across two dimensions. The first involves the augmented granularity, variety, and opportunities for linkage that have bolstered the capabilities of ‘old’ big population data sources, such as censuses, administrative data, and surveys. The second involves the growing interest in and use of ‘new’ big data sources, such as ‘digital traces’ generated through internet and mobile phone use, and related to this, the emergence of ‘digital demography’. These developments have enabled new opportunities and offer much promise moving forward, but they also raise important ethical, technical, and conceptual challenges for the field.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 47-75
Issue: S1
Volume: 75
Year: 2021
Month: 12
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2021.1969031
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2021.1969031
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:75:y:2021:i:S1:p:47-75
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Federica Querin
Author-X-Name-First: Federica
Author-X-Name-Last: Querin
Title: Preferences for a mixed-sex composition of offspring: A multigenerational approach
Abstract:
Parents with two boys or two girls are more likely to have a third child than those with a ‘sex mix’. However, little is known on whether these ‘mixed-sex preferences’ extend beyond the nuclear family. This study leverages the random variation in sex at birth to assess whether the sex of nieces and nephews, in combination with own children, matters for fertility choices. Using three-generational data from the US Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), I show that extended families (including grandparents, their children, and their grandchildren) are collectively more likely to have three or more grandchildren when lacking sex mix, whether the first two grandchildren are siblings or cousins. I explore the pathways for these offspring sex preferences, finding support for a preference for an uninterrupted line of male descendants. This multigenerational approach also contributes a new estimation strategy that causally estimates the effects of family sizes on outcomes beyond fertility.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 1-18
Issue: 1
Volume: 76
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2022.2027003
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2022.2027003
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:76:y:2022:i:1:p:1-18
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ugofilippo Basellini
Author-X-Name-First: Ugofilippo
Author-X-Name-Last: Basellini
Author-Name: Carlo Giovanni Camarda
Author-X-Name-First: Carlo Giovanni
Author-X-Name-Last: Camarda
Title: Explaining regional differences in mortality during the first wave of Covid-19 in Italy
Abstract:
Italy was hit harshly by the Covid-19 pandemic, registering more than 35,000 Covid-19 deaths between February and July 2020. During this first wave of the epidemic, the virus spread unequally across the country, with northern regions witnessing more cases and deaths. We investigate demographic and socio-economic factors contributing to the diverse regional impact of the virus during the first wave. Using generalized additive mixed models, we find that Covid-19 mortality at regional level is negatively associated with the degree of intergenerational co-residence, number of intensive care unit beds per capita, and delay in the outbreak of the epidemic. Conversely, we do not find strong associations for several variables highlighted in recent literature, such as population density or the share of the population who are older or have at least one chronic disease. Our results underscore the importance of context-specific analysis for the study of a pandemic.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 99-118
Issue: 1
Volume: 76
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2021.1984551
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2021.1984551
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:76:y:2022:i:1:p:99-118
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hiram Beltrán-Sánchez
Author-X-Name-First: Hiram
Author-X-Name-Last: Beltrán-Sánchez
Author-Name: Alberto Palloni
Author-X-Name-First: Alberto
Author-X-Name-Last: Palloni
Author-Name: Yiyue Huangfu
Author-X-Name-First: Yiyue
Author-X-Name-Last: Huangfu
Author-Name: Mary McEniry
Author-X-Name-First: Mary
Author-X-Name-Last: McEniry
Title: Population-level impact of adverse early life conditions on adult healthy life expectancy in low- and middle-income countries
Abstract:
Evidence from theories of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) suggests that experiencing adverse early life conditions subsequently leads to detrimental adult health outcomes. The bulk of empirical DOHaD literature does not consider the nature and magnitude of the impact of adverse early life conditions at the population level. In particular, it ignores the distortion of age and cohort patterns of adult health and mortality and the increased load of chronic illness and disability that ensues. In this paper, we use a microsimulation model combined with empirical estimates of incidence and prevalence of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and associated disability in low- and middle-income countries to assess the magnitude of delayed effects on adult healthy life expectancy and on compression (or expansion) of morbidity at older ages. The main goal is to determine if, in what ways, and to what extent delayed effects due to early conditions can influence cohorts’ chronic illness and disability profiles.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 19-36
Issue: 1
Volume: 76
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2021.1933149
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2021.1933149
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:76:y:2022:i:1:p:19-36
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thomas J. Bollyky
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Bollyky
Author-Name: Nick Graetz
Author-X-Name-First: Nick
Author-X-Name-Last: Graetz
Author-Name: Joseph Dieleman
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph
Author-X-Name-Last: Dieleman
Author-Name: Molly K. Miller-Petrie
Author-X-Name-First: Molly K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Miller-Petrie
Author-Name: Diana Schoder
Author-X-Name-First: Diana
Author-X-Name-Last: Schoder
Author-Name: Sean Joyce
Author-X-Name-First: Sean
Author-X-Name-Last: Joyce
Author-Name: Michel Guillot
Author-X-Name-First: Michel
Author-X-Name-Last: Guillot
Author-Name: Simon I. Hay
Author-X-Name-First: Simon I.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hay
Title: Growing up and moving out: Migration and the demographic transition in low- and middle-income nations
Abstract:
International migration has increased since 1990, with increasing numbers of migrants originating from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Efforts to explain this compositional shift have focused on wage gaps and other push and pull factors but have not adequately considered the role of demographic factors. In many LMICs, child mortality has fallen without commensurate economic growth and amid high fertility. This combination increases young adult populations and is associated with greater outmigration: in the poorest countries, we estimate that a one-percentage-point increase in the five-year lagged growth rate of the population of 15–24-year-olds was associated with a 15 per cent increase in all-age outmigrants, controlling for other factors. Increases in growth of young adult populations led to 20.4 million additional outmigrants across 80 countries between 1990 and 2015. Understanding the determinants of these migration shifts should help policymakers in origin and destination countries to maximize their potential positive effects.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 63-80
Issue: 1
Volume: 76
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2022.2034919
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2022.2034919
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:76:y:2022:i:1:p:63-80
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jacek Cypryjański
Author-X-Name-First: Jacek
Author-X-Name-Last: Cypryjański
Title: Are the birthdates of our ancestors real? Date of birth misregistration in twentieth-century Poland
Abstract:
This study aimed to explore the phenomenon of birthdate misregistration, using birth data from 45,226,875 Polish citizens, that is, all those born 1900–2000 and registered in Poland’s Universal Electronic System for Registration of the Population (PESEL). I transformed the data into a daily series of births, detrended by dividing each value by the daily average for the relevant year. Next, I selected the dates with the highest deviations based on the coefficients of the linear regression model with dummy variables. Finally, I estimated the size of the phenomenon in subsequent years by comparing the numbers of births on selected dates to their expected values. This paper is the first to document the specificity, scale, duration, and probable causes of birthdate misregistration in Poland in the twentieth century.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 157-168
Issue: 1
Volume: 76
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2022.2034920
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2022.2034920
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:76:y:2022:i:1:p:157-168
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marika Jalovaara
Author-X-Name-First: Marika
Author-X-Name-Last: Jalovaara
Author-Name: Linus Andersson
Author-X-Name-First: Linus
Author-X-Name-Last: Andersson
Author-Name: Anneli Miettinen
Author-X-Name-First: Anneli
Author-X-Name-Last: Miettinen
Title: Parity disparity: Educational differences in Nordic fertility across parities and number of reproductive partners
Abstract:
Most research on trends in socio-economic fertility differences has focused on cohort total fertility and on women. This study aimed to analyse how cohort trends in parity-specific fertility differ across educational segments for men and women and what role multi-partner fertility plays in these trends. We used Finnish and Swedish register data on cohorts born in 1940–73/78. The main analyses used parity progression ratios, comparing ordinary ratios with similar ratios using births to first reproductive partners only. Among the low and medium educated, we observe strengthening parity polarization across cohorts, with increases in both childlessness and births of order three or higher, the latter largely reflecting increases in multi-partner fertility. Highly educated men and women more often have exactly two children. We demonstrate that cohort total fertility can mask significant parity-specific trends across educational groups and that changes in multi-partner fertility can play a part in cohort trends in socio-economic fertility differentials.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 119-136
Issue: 1
Volume: 76
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2021.1887506
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2021.1887506
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:76:y:2022:i:1:p:119-136
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Matthew Wallace
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew
Author-X-Name-Last: Wallace
Author-Name: Ben Wilson
Author-X-Name-First: Ben
Author-X-Name-Last: Wilson
Title: Age variations and population over-coverage: Is low mortality among migrants merely a data artefact?
Abstract:
The migrant mortality advantage has been observed extensively, but its authenticity is debated. In particular, concerns persist that the advantage is an artefact of the data, generated by the problems of recording mobility among foreign-born populations. Here, we build on the intersection of two recent developments: the first showing substantial age variation in the advantage—a deep U-shaped advantage at peak migration ages—and the second showing high levels of population over-coverage, the principal source of data artefact, at the same ages. We use event history analysis of Sweden’s population registers (2010–15) to test whether this over-coverage can explain age variation in the migrant mortality advantage. We document its U-shape in Sweden and, crucially, demonstrate that large mortality differentials persist after adjusting for estimated over-coverage. Our findings contribute to ongoing debate by demonstrating that the migrant mortality advantage is real and by ruling out one of its primary mechanisms.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 81-98
Issue: 1
Volume: 76
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2021.1877331
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2021.1877331
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:76:y:2022:i:1:p:81-98
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Endale Kebede
Author-X-Name-First: Endale
Author-X-Name-Last: Kebede
Author-Name: Erich Striessnig
Author-X-Name-First: Erich
Author-X-Name-Last: Striessnig
Author-Name: Anne Goujon
Author-X-Name-First: Anne
Author-X-Name-Last: Goujon
Title: The relative importance of women’s education on fertility desires in sub-Saharan Africa: A multilevel analysis
Abstract:
Lowering desired family size is a necessary precondition for fertility declines in high-fertility settings. Although accumulated evidence links socio-economic developments to changing fertility desires, little research has disentangled the relative importance of key socio-economic determinants. Combining individual- and community-level data from Demographic and Health Surveys in 34 sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, we compare the relative role of different socio-economic factors on fertility desires at the individual, community, and country levels. Results show that at the individual level, women’s education has a stronger effect than household wealth and area of residence. The high levels of reported desired family size in rural parts of SSA are mainly a consequence of relatively lower levels of education. The relative impact of women’s education is even stronger at the community level. Our findings are robust to alternative measures of fertility preferences and strengthen previous findings regarding the relationship between fertility and women’s education.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 137-156
Issue: 1
Volume: 76
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2021.1892170
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2021.1892170
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:76:y:2022:i:1:p:137-156
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ashira Menashe-Oren
Author-X-Name-First: Ashira
Author-X-Name-Last: Menashe-Oren
Author-Name: Bruno Masquelier
Author-X-Name-First: Bruno
Author-X-Name-Last: Masquelier
Title: The shifting rural–urban gap in mortality over the life course in low- and middle-income countries
Abstract:
Studies have shown that children in rural areas face excess risks of dying, but the little research on spatial inequalities in adult mortality has reached mixed conclusions. We examine rural–urban differences in mortality in 53 low- and middle-income countries. We consider how the rural–urban mortality gap evolves from birth to age 60 by estimating mortality based on birth and sibling histories from 138 Demographic and Health Surveys run between 1992 and 2018. We observe excess rural mortality until age 15, finding the largest differences between urban and rural sectors among 1–59-month-olds. While we cannot claim higher mortality among urban adults than those in rural areas, we find a reduced gap between the sectors over the life course and a diminishing urban advantage in adult mortality with age. This shift over the life course reflects a divergence in the epidemiologic transition between the rural and urban sectors.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 37-61
Issue: 1
Volume: 76
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2021.2020326
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2021.2020326
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:76:y:2022:i:1:p:37-61
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ben Malinga John
Author-X-Name-First: Ben Malinga
Author-X-Name-Last: John
Author-Name: Vissého Adjiwanou
Author-X-Name-First: Vissého
Author-X-Name-Last: Adjiwanou
Title: Fertility decline in sub-Saharan Africa: Does remarriage matter?
Abstract:
The interplay between remarriage and fertility is among the most poorly documented subjects in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), despite remarriage being one of the fundamental aspects of marriage dynamics in this region. We use Demographic and Health Survey data from 34 countries in SSA to document the association between remarriage and fertility during the reproductive years and over the fertility transition. The findings show that in 29 countries, remarried women end up having fewer children than women in intact unions, despite attaining similar or higher levels of fertility at early reproductive ages. However, remarriage is found to have a positive effect on fertility in Sierra Leone. The effects of remarriage on fertility diminish as fertility declines, with smaller effects generally observed in countries that are relatively advanced in their fertility transition and larger effects found elsewhere. These findings shed light on the role that remarriage might play in country-level fertility declines.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 213-233
Issue: 2
Volume: 76
Year: 2022
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2021.1933148
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2021.1933148
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:76:y:2022:i:2:p:213-233
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Francisco J. Beltrán Tapia
Author-X-Name-First: Francisco J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Beltrán Tapia
Author-Name: Michail Raftakis
Author-X-Name-First: Michail
Author-X-Name-Last: Raftakis
Title: Sex ratios and gender discrimination in Modern Greece
Abstract:
This paper argues that son preference resulted in gender-based discriminatory practices that unduly increased mortality rates for females at birth and throughout infancy and childhood in nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century Greece. The relative numbers of boys and girls at birth was extremely high and under-registration of females cannot on its own explain this result. The infanticide and/or mortal neglect of infant girls was therefore more common than previously acknowledged. Likewise, sex ratios increased as children grew older, thus suggesting that parents continued to treat boys and girls differently throughout childhood. A large body of qualitative evidence (contemporary accounts, folklore traditions, feminist newspapers, and anthropological studies) further supports the conclusion that girls were neglected due to their inferior status in society.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 329-346
Issue: 2
Volume: 76
Year: 2022
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2021.1923787
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2021.1923787
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:76:y:2022:i:2:p:329-346
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maximilian W. Müller
Author-X-Name-First: Maximilian W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Müller
Author-Name: Joan Hamory
Author-X-Name-First: Joan
Author-X-Name-Last: Hamory
Author-Name: Jennifer Johnson-Hanks
Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer
Author-X-Name-Last: Johnson-Hanks
Author-Name: Edward Miguel
Author-X-Name-First: Edward
Author-X-Name-Last: Miguel
Title: The illusion of stable fertility preferences
Abstract:
Fertility preferences have long played a key role in models of fertility differentials and change. We examine the stability of preferences over time using rich panel data on Kenyan women’s fertility desires, expectations, actual fertility, and recall of desires in three waves over a nine-year period, when respondents were in their 20s. We find that although desired fertility is quite unstable, most women perceive their desires to be stable. Under hypothetical future scenarios, few expect their desired fertility to increase over time but, in fact, such increases in fertility desires are common. Moreover, when asked to recall past desires, most respondents report previously wanting exactly as many children as they desire today. These patterns of bias are consistent with the emerging view that fertility desires are contextual, emotionally laden, and structured by identity.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 169-189
Issue: 2
Volume: 76
Year: 2022
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2022.2057577
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2022.2057577
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:76:y:2022:i:2:p:169-189
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rengin Aktar
Author-X-Name-First: Rengin
Author-X-Name-Last: Aktar
Author-Name: Alberto Palloni
Author-X-Name-First: Alberto
Author-X-Name-Last: Palloni
Title: Ready–Willing–Able: Early childhood mortality decline in Turkey
Abstract:
We test a conjecture to explain Turkey’s decades-long ‘underachievement’ in early child mortality improvements. We argue that it is largely a consequence of cultural barriers to embracing available modern medical technology and healthcare practices. The empirical test rests on a reformulation of Coale’s Ready–Willing–Able (RWA) framework for explaining fertility changes, which makes it suitable to understand mortality changes. We use structural equation modelling and Demographic and Health Surveys spanning 1993–2013 to estimate basic parameters of the reformulated framework. These parameters are then used to classify mothers into four groups with different configurations of RWA dimensions and different probabilities of adopting modern medical practices. We find that observed behaviours in these groups were consistent with RWA expectations. In addition, we find that an important contributor to Turkey’s lagging mortality decline was a population distribution biased towards groups more reticent to adopting modern healthcare.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 273-293
Issue: 2
Volume: 76
Year: 2022
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2022.2058596
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2022.2058596
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:76:y:2022:i:2:p:273-293
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Batool Zaidi
Author-X-Name-First: Batool
Author-X-Name-Last: Zaidi
Title: Son preference and sex differentials in receipt of key dimensions of children’s healthcare: Evidence from Pakistan
Abstract:
Almost all research on son preference and the consequent sex differentials in child health has focused on India. Pakistan—a country with the second strongest stated desire for sons, no evidence of sex-selective abortion, and relatively high fertility—offers a different context in which to understand unequal health outcomes for boys and girls. I use three rounds of the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey to examine sex differentials in child healthcare receipt across different family contexts. I find evidence of generalized discrimination: all girls, regardless of sibling composition or birth order, are less likely to receive full immunization or medical treatment. I do not find evidence that girls with older sisters face greater discrimination than other girls. For boys, I find some evidence of selective preferential treatment: among larger families, first sons are more likely to receive healthcare than other sons or daughters.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 309-328
Issue: 2
Volume: 76
Year: 2022
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2022.2032290
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2022.2032290
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:76:y:2022:i:2:p:309-328
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Astri Syse
Author-X-Name-First: Astri
Author-X-Name-Last: Syse
Author-Name: Michael Thomas
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Thomas
Author-Name: Lars Dommermuth
Author-X-Name-First: Lars
Author-X-Name-Last: Dommermuth
Author-Name: Rannveig Kaldager Hart
Author-X-Name-First: Rannveig Kaldager
Author-X-Name-Last: Hart
Title: Does women’s health matter for fertility? Evidence from Norwegian administrative data
Abstract:
Women’s health status may affect their opportunities and preferences for children through various mechanisms. We examine the relationship between health and fertility using Norwegian registry data (2004–18). Measuring verifiable and persistent health problems, we use uptake of doctor-certified sickness absence and long-term health-related benefits as proxies for health. In contrast to the expectation that poor health limits women’s opportunities for children, our results show that sickness absence is positively associated with transitions to parenthood. The uptake of long-term benefits is, however, negatively associated with fertility. The selection of healthy women into parenthood weakens the association for higher-order births. The impact of long-term health indicators on fertility is comparable in magnitude to that observed for more conventional predictors, such as education and income. With continued postponement of childbearing and thus higher maternal ages, the influence of health as a fertility determinant is likely to grow and further research appears warranted.Supplementary material for this article is available at: http://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2022.2041075
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 191-212
Issue: 2
Volume: 76
Year: 2022
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2022.2041075
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2022.2041075
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:76:y:2022:i:2:p:191-212
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jarl E. Mooyaart
Author-X-Name-First: Jarl E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Mooyaart
Author-Name: Aart C. Liefbroer
Author-X-Name-First: Aart C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Liefbroer
Author-Name: Francesco C. Billari
Author-X-Name-First: Francesco C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Billari
Title: The changing relationship between socio-economic background and family formation in four European countries
Abstract:
Family formation, a process that includes union formation, fertility, and their timing and order, has become increasingly diverse and complex in Europe. We examine how the relationship between socio-economic background and family formation has changed over time in France, Italy, Romania, and Sweden, using first wave Generations and Gender Survey data. Competing Trajectories Analysis, a procedure which combines event-history analysis with sequence analysis, allows us to examine family formation as a process, capturing differences in both the timing of the start of family formation and the pathways that young adults follow. Regarding timing, socio-economic background differences in France and Sweden have remained relatively small, whereas in Italy and Romania higher parental education has become more strongly associated with postponement. Pathways tend to diverge by socio-economic background, particularly in Sweden and France. These results indicate that while family formation patterns have changed, they continue to be stratified by socio-economic background.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 235-251
Issue: 2
Volume: 76
Year: 2022
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2021.1901969
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2021.1901969
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:76:y:2022:i:2:p:235-251
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Georgia Verropoulou
Author-X-Name-First: Georgia
Author-X-Name-Last: Verropoulou
Author-Name: Apostolos Papachristos
Author-X-Name-First: Apostolos
Author-X-Name-Last: Papachristos
Author-Name: George B. Ploubidis
Author-X-Name-First: George B.
Author-X-Name-Last: Ploubidis
Author-Name: Cleon Tsimbos
Author-X-Name-First: Cleon
Author-X-Name-Last: Tsimbos
Title: Quantifying self-rated age
Abstract:
Chronological age, in conjunction with population life tables, is widely used for estimating future life expectancy. The aims of this study are to estimate a subjective ageing indicator, namely self-rated age, and to evaluate its concurrent validity in comparison with other age indicators: subjective survival probabilities, subjective age, and biological age. We use data from the Wave 6 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, Wave 12 of the Health and Retirement Study in the United States, and life tables from the Human Mortality Database. For the statistical analysis we use multinomial regression models. Our results indicate that health status and frequency of physical activities imply similar patterns of self- rated age, subjective survival probabilities, subjective age, and biological age. However, the impact of cognitive function differs by geographical region. Self-rated age can be interpreted as a subjective adjustment that better reflects the ageing process.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 347-361
Issue: 2
Volume: 76
Year: 2022
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2022.2030490
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2022.2030490
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:76:y:2022:i:2:p:347-361
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mark C. Long
Author-X-Name-First: Mark C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Long
Author-Name: Elizabeth Pelletier
Author-X-Name-First: Elizabeth
Author-X-Name-Last: Pelletier
Author-Name: Jennifer Romich
Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer
Author-X-Name-Last: Romich
Title: Constructing monthly residential locations of adults using merged state administrative data
Abstract:
In any month, administrative data collected by government agencies contain a fraction of the polity’s adults, namely those who have interacted with government agencies in that month. For researchers and policymakers who want to evaluate questions that require a spatial location of the whole population of adults at a given time (e.g. job–residence spatial mismatch, impacts of local policies), these fragmentary records are insufficient. Combining administrative data from several agencies in the State of Washington, United States (US), we impute residential histories by parameterizing the ‘decay’ in maintenance of an observed address. This process yields an imputed population whose demography and geographic distribution matches well with survey estimates. This work uses driving licence, voter, social services, and birth records to append address locations to Unemployment Insurance data, a process that could be replicated with administrative records in other US states and countries with sporadic address data from various agencies.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 253-272
Issue: 2
Volume: 76
Year: 2022
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2022.2085776
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2022.2085776
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:76:y:2022:i:2:p:253-272
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Filip Dabergott
Author-X-Name-First: Filip
Author-X-Name-Last: Dabergott
Title: The gendered widowhood effect and social mortality gap
Abstract:
With few exceptions, greater disparities in mortality risk by socio-economic status (SES) have been found among men than among women. Most research has also shown that the higher mortality risk after widowhood (the widowhood effect) is greater for men. However, a different picture appears when examining these associations jointly. Based on Swedish register data, this study shows that widowhood weakens, or even reverses, the sex differences in socio-economic disparities in mortality. The overall findings also indicate that higher SES elevates the widowhood effect for men but diminishes it for women, and that the widowhood effect is greater for women than men in the lowest SES categories. These results imply that men with higher SES are more vulnerable after widowhood, perhaps because of their previous relatively privileged situation. The disadvantage of widows in lower SES categories may reflect exposure to financial strains after spousal loss and inequalities in the healthcare system.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 295-307
Issue: 2
Volume: 76
Year: 2022
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2021.1892809
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2021.1892809
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:76:y:2022:i:2:p:295-307
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_2130965_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Emma Zang
Author-X-Name-First: Emma
Author-X-Name-Last: Zang
Author-Name: Chloe Sariego
Author-X-Name-First: Chloe
Author-X-Name-Last: Sariego
Author-Name: Anirudh Krishnan
Author-X-Name-First: Anirudh
Author-X-Name-Last: Krishnan
Title: The interplay of race/ethnicity and education in fertility patterns
Abstract:
This study examines the interplay between race/ethnicity and educational attainment in shaping completed fertility in the United States for women born 1961–80. Using data from the National Survey of Family Growth, 2006–17, we apply multilevel, multiprocess hazard models to account for unobserved heterogeneity and to estimate (1) cohort total fertility rates, (2) parity progression ratios, and (3) parity-specific fertility timing, for non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic women by educational attainment. We find that compared with their white counterparts, fertility was higher among Black and Hispanic women with less than high school education. However, among college-educated women, fertility levels were lowest among Black women and highest among Hispanic women. The difference in fertility between college-educated Black and white women is driven mainly by the smaller proportion of Black mothers having second births. We find little evidence that the observed racial/ethnic disparities in fertility levels by educational attainment are driven by differences in fertility timing.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 363-385
Issue: 3
Volume: 76
Year: 2022
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2022.2130965
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2022.2130965
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:76:y:2022:i:3:p:363-385
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_1959943_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Daniel Ciganda
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel
Author-X-Name-Last: Ciganda
Author-Name: Nicolas Todd
Author-X-Name-First: Nicolas
Author-X-Name-Last: Todd
Title: Demographic models of the reproductive process: Past, interlude, and future
Abstract:
After 30 years of active development, mechanistic models of the reproductive process nearly stopped attracting scholarly interest in the early 1980s. In the following decades, fertility research continued to thrive, relying on solid descriptive work and detailed analysis of micro-level data. The absence of systematic modelling efforts, however, has also made the field more fragmented, with empirical research, theory building, and forecasting advancing along largely disconnected channels. In this paper we outline some of the drivers of this process, from the popularization of user-friendly statistical software to the limitations of early family building models. We then describe a series of developments in computational modelling and statistical computing that can contribute to the emergence of a new generation of mechanistic models. Finally, we introduce a concrete example of this new kind of model, and show how they can be used to formulate and test theories coherently and make informed projections.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 495-513
Issue: 3
Volume: 76
Year: 2022
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2021.1959943
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2021.1959943
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:76:y:2022:i:3:p:495-513
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_1939406_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Arianna Gatta
Author-X-Name-First: Arianna
Author-X-Name-Last: Gatta
Author-Name: Francesco Mattioli
Author-X-Name-First: Francesco
Author-X-Name-Last: Mattioli
Author-Name: Letizia Mencarini
Author-X-Name-First: Letizia
Author-X-Name-Last: Mencarini
Author-Name: Daniele Vignoli
Author-X-Name-First: Daniele
Author-X-Name-Last: Vignoli
Title: Employment uncertainty and fertility intentions: Stability or resilience?
Abstract:
The role of employment uncertainty as a fertility driver has previously been studied with a limited set of constructs, leading to inconclusive results. We address this oversight by considering perceived stability of employment and perceived resilience to potential job loss as two key dimensions of employment uncertainty in relation to fertility decision-making. The present study relies on the 2017 Italian Trustlab survey and its employment uncertainty module. We find that perception of resilience to job loss is a powerful predictor of fertility intentions, whereas perception of employment stability has only a limited impact. The observed relationship between resilience and fertility intentions is robust to the inclusion of person-specific risk attitude and does not depend on the unemployment rate or the share of fixed-term contracts in the area of residence. We conclude that the notion of employment uncertainty includes distinct expectations towards the future, which should be considered separately to understand fertility decision-making.Supplementary material for this article is available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2021.1939406.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 387-406
Issue: 3
Volume: 76
Year: 2022
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2021.1939406
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2021.1939406
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:76:y:2022:i:3:p:387-406
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_2094452_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Jacob Ausubel
Author-X-Name-First: Jacob
Author-X-Name-Last: Ausubel
Author-Name: Stephanie Kramer
Author-X-Name-First: Stephanie
Author-X-Name-Last: Kramer
Author-Name: Anne Fengyan Shi
Author-X-Name-First: Anne Fengyan
Author-X-Name-Last: Shi
Author-Name: Conrad Hackett
Author-X-Name-First: Conrad
Author-X-Name-Last: Hackett
Title: Measuring age differences among different-sex couples: Across religions and 130 countries, men are older than their female partners
Abstract:
Cross-national studies of age patterns among couples have tended to compare the ages at which men and women first marry, but few have analysed age differences between current spouses or cohabiting partners (i.e. partner age gaps). We address this gap in the literature by using recent census and survey data to analyse age differences between current partners in 130 countries. Worldwide, men are an average of 4.2 years older than their wives or cohabiting partners. However, age gaps vary by region, ranging from 8.6 years in sub-Saharan Africa to 2.2 years in North America. The religious group with the largest age gap is Muslims (6.6 years), while the smallest age gap is seen among Jews (2.2 years). Differences between Muslims and non-Muslims remain even after controlling for country-level gender inequality and per-capita GDP.Supplementary material is available for this article at: https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2022.2094452
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 465-476
Issue: 3
Volume: 76
Year: 2022
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2022.2094452
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2022.2094452
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:76:y:2022:i:3:p:465-476
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_1984549_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Brienna Perelli-Harris
Author-X-Name-First: Brienna
Author-X-Name-Last: Perelli-Harris
Author-Name: Niels Blom
Author-X-Name-First: Niels
Author-X-Name-Last: Blom
Title: So happy together … Examining the association between relationship happiness, socio-economic status, and family transitions in the UK
Abstract:
The increases in cohabitation and in childbearing within cohabitation raise questions about who marries. Most studies have found that childbearing within cohabitation is associated with disadvantage; here, we examine the role of relationship happiness and whether it helps to explain this association. Using the UK Household Longitudinal Study (2009–17), our competing risk hazard models follow respondents as they transition: (1) from cohabitation into marriage or childbearing; and (2) from marriage or cohabitation into childbearing. We find that marriage risks are highest among individuals who are happiest with their relationship. On average, the association between relationship quality and childbearing operates through marriage: the happiest individuals marry, and those who marry have children. While higher socio-economic status is weakly associated with marriage, conception, and separation, the associations do not differ by relationship happiness. The findings indicate that overall, relationship happiness appears to be most salient for transitions into marriage.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 447-464
Issue: 3
Volume: 76
Year: 2022
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2021.1984549
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2021.1984549
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:76:y:2022:i:3:p:447-464
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_1999485_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Maria Sironi
Author-X-Name-First: Maria
Author-X-Name-Last: Sironi
Author-Name: Ridhi Kashyap
Author-X-Name-First: Ridhi
Author-X-Name-Last: Kashyap
Title: Internet access and partnership formation in the United States
Abstract:
The Internet has fundamentally altered how we communicate and access information and who we can interact with. However, the implications of Internet access for partnership formation are theoretically ambiguous. We examine their association using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY97) and Current Population Survey (CPS) in the United States. We find that the relationship between Internet access and partnership states (in the NLSY97) or partnership status (in the CPS) is age-dependent. While negative at the youngest adult ages, the association becomes positive as individuals reach their mid- to late 20s, for both same-sex and different-sex partnerships. The results suggest that Internet access is positively associated with union formation when individuals enter the stage in the young adult life course when they feel ready to commit to a long-term partnership. Our study contributes to a growing literature that highlights the implications of digital technologies for demographic processes.Supplementary material for this article is available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2021.1999485
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 427-445
Issue: 3
Volume: 76
Year: 2022
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2021.1999485
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2021.1999485
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:76:y:2022:i:3:p:427-445
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_2096319_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Ronald Skeldon
Author-X-Name-First: Ronald
Author-X-Name-Last: Skeldon
Title: Crossing the Divide: Rural to Urban Migration in Developing Countries
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 553-555
Issue: 3
Volume: 76
Year: 2022
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2022.2096319
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2022.2096319
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:76:y:2022:i:3:p:553-555
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_2080858_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Alaka Malwade Basu
Author-X-Name-First: Alaka Malwade
Author-X-Name-Last: Basu
Author-Name: Sneha Kumar
Author-X-Name-First: Sneha
Author-X-Name-Last: Kumar
Title: Bride price, dowry, and young men with time to kill: A commentary on men’s marriage postponement in India
Abstract:
Rising numbers of young unmarried men in India reflect a marriage squeeze that goes beyond the shortage of brides created by sex-selective abortion. We describe a decline in men’s marriageability caused by their falling economic prospects at the same time as families of brides are increasingly seeking grooms with stable employment. We group young men into those without jobs or much education, those with education but no work, and the privileged few with education as well as employment. This classification resolves some of the seeming contradictions in the qualitative literature on marriage in India. Some of this literature talks about the rising prevalence of bride price and some about the persistence of dowry, while some papers reflect in general on the costs of being young, male, and aimless. Our commentary includes a review of the growing literature on the physiological and (perhaps) consequently behavioural and health outcomes of men’s anomie.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 515-534
Issue: 3
Volume: 76
Year: 2022
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2022.2080858
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2022.2080858
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:76:y:2022:i:3:p:515-534
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_2099566_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Matteo Manfredini
Author-X-Name-First: Matteo
Author-X-Name-Last: Manfredini
Author-Name: Marco Breschi
Author-X-Name-First: Marco
Author-X-Name-Last: Breschi
Author-Name: Alessio Fornasin
Author-X-Name-First: Alessio
Author-X-Name-Last: Fornasin
Author-Name: Massimo Esposito
Author-X-Name-First: Massimo
Author-X-Name-Last: Esposito
Title: Maternal nutritional status and offspring childlessness: Evidence from the late-nineteenth to early-twentieth centuries in a group of Italian populations
Abstract:
The role of maternal nutrition in affecting offspring fertility, through alteration of foetal programming, has been demonstrated in animal-based experiments. However, results from human populations appear inconsistent and sometimes contradictory, likely because they have been based on single famine events. In this paper, we adopt a different approach. We combine official annual time series of daily nutrient availability with a sample of women’s reproductive histories from the 1961 Italian Census to investigate the role of maternal nutritional status in pregnancy on offspring childlessness. The analysis therefore covers cohorts of females born between 1861 and 1939. Our results show a negative association between calorie availability in pregnancy and the odds of offspring childlessness, whereas no association is found between protein availability and offspring childlessness. The consequences of poor calorie intake were aggravated during the summer, likely due to the participation of pregnant women in physically demanding work.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 477-493
Issue: 3
Volume: 76
Year: 2022
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2022.2099566
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2022.2099566
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:76:y:2022:i:3:p:477-493
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_2112746_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Aashish Gupta
Author-X-Name-First: Aashish
Author-X-Name-Last: Gupta
Title: Seasonal variation in infant mortality in India
Abstract:
Investigating seasonal variation in health helps us understand interactions between population, environment, and disease. Using information on birth month and year, survival status within the first year of life, and age at death (if applicable) of more than 330,000 children observed in four rounds of India’s Demographic and Health Surveys, I estimate period mortality rates between birth and age one (1m0) by calendar month. Relative to spring months, infant mortality is higher in the summer, monsoon, and winter months. If spring mortality conditions had been prevalent throughout the year, mortality below age one would have been lower by 11.4 deaths per 1,000 in the early 1990s and 3.7 deaths per 1,000 in the mid-2010s. Seasonal variation in infant mortality has declined overall but remains higher among disadvantaged children. The results highlight the multiple environmental health threats that Indian infants face and the short time of year when these threats are less salient.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 535-552
Issue: 3
Volume: 76
Year: 2022
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2022.2112746
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2022.2112746
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:76:y:2022:i:3:p:535-552
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_1953118_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Signe Svallfors
Author-X-Name-First: Signe
Author-X-Name-Last: Svallfors
Title: Contraceptive choice as risk reduction? The relevance of local violence for women’s uptake of sterilization in Colombia
Abstract:
Altered childbearing behaviour has been observed in many settings of violent conflict, but few studies have addressed fertility control. This is the first study to investigate empirically the relationship between local conflict and uptake of sterilization, the only contraceptive method that reflects a definitive stop to childbearing. The study is based on Colombia, a middle-income, low-fertility, and long-term conflict setting. It builds on a mixed methods approach, combining survey and conflict data with expert interviews. Fixed effects regressions show that local conflict is generally associated with an increased sterilization uptake. The interviews suggest that women may opt for sterilization when reversible methods become less accessible because of ongoing violence. Since sterilization is a relatively available contraceptive option in Colombia, it may represent a risk-aversion strategy for women who have completed their fertility goals. These findings can enlighten research and programmes on fertility and family planning in humanitarian contexts.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 407-426
Issue: 3
Volume: 76
Year: 2022
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2021.1953118
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2021.1953118
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:76:y:2022:i:3:p:407-426
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_2063933_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Øystein Kravdal
Author-X-Name-First: Øystein
Author-X-Name-Last: Kravdal
Author-Name: Jonathan Wörn
Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan
Author-X-Name-Last: Wörn
Author-Name: Bjørn-Atle Reme
Author-X-Name-First: Bjørn-Atle
Author-X-Name-Last: Reme
Title: Mental health benefits of cohabitation and marriage: A longitudinal analysis of Norwegian register data
Abstract:
The aim is to examine how mental health is affected by cohabitation and marriage. Individual fixed-effects models are estimated from Norwegian register data containing information about consultations with a general practitioner because of mental health conditions in 2006–19. Mental health, as indicated by annual number of consultations, improves over several years before cohabitation. For those marrying their cohabiting partner, there is a weak further reduction in consultations until the wedding, but no decline afterwards. In other words, formalization of the union does not seem to confer additional mental health benefits. However, marriage may be considered a marker of favourable earlier development in mental health. In contrast, there is further improvement after direct marriage, as well as stronger improvement over the years just preceding direct marriage. Patterns are quite similar for women and men. Overall, the results suggest that the mental health benefits of cohabitation and marriage are similar.Supplementary material for this article is available at: https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2022.2063933. Note: numbers in brackets refer to supplementary notes that can be found at the end of the supplementary material.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 91-110
Issue: 1
Volume: 77
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2022.2063933
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2022.2063933
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:77:y:2023:i:1:p:91-110
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_2020886_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Katherine Keenan
Author-X-Name-First: Katherine
Author-X-Name-Last: Keenan
Author-Name: Kieron Barclay
Author-X-Name-First: Kieron
Author-X-Name-Last: Barclay
Author-Name: Alice Goisis
Author-X-Name-First: Alice
Author-X-Name-Last: Goisis
Title: Health outcomes of only children across the life course: An investigation using Swedish register data
Abstract:
Only children (with no full biological siblings) are a growing subgroup in many high-income settings. Previous studies have largely focused on the short-term developmental outcomes of only children, but there is limited evidence on their health outcomes. Using Swedish population register data for cohorts born 1940–75, we compare the health of only children with that of children from multi-child sibling groups, taking into account birth order, family size, and presence of half-siblings. Only children showed lower height and fitness scores, were more likely to be overweight/obese in late adolescence, and experienced higher later-life mortality than those with one or two siblings. However, only children without half-siblings were consistently healthier than those with half-siblings, suggesting that parental disruption confers additional disadvantages. The health disadvantage was attenuated but not fully explained by adjustment for parental characteristics and after using within-family maternal cousin comparison designs.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 71-90
Issue: 1
Volume: 77
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2021.2020886
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2021.2020886
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:77:y:2023:i:1:p:71-90
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_2168036_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Emily Smith-Greenaway
Author-X-Name-First: Emily
Author-X-Name-Last: Smith-Greenaway
Author-Name: Yingyi Lin
Author-X-Name-First: Yingyi
Author-X-Name-Last: Lin
Title: Is the mortality–fertility nexus gendered? A research note on sex differences in the impact of sibling mortality on fertility preferences
Abstract:
Research guided by demographic transition theory has shown that exposure to mortality influences women’s fertility preferences and behaviours. Despite the myriad contexts, methodological approaches, and linkages featured in past studies, they have shared a focus on women, leaving questions on the gendered salience of mortality exposures for adults’ fertility-related outcomes unanswered. In this research note, we analyse data from three African countries with distinct fertility profiles (Nigeria, Zambia, and Zimbabwe) to examine associations between sibling mortality exposure and ideal family size among women, men, and couples. We also investigate the stability of these associations over time. The associations between adults’ sibling mortality exposure and their own and their spouses’ ideal family sizes vary across countries. However, the gendered nature of the results in every country and evidence of cross-spousal effects uniformly demonstrate the need to incorporate sex differences into the study of the mortality–fertility link.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 141-151
Issue: 1
Volume: 77
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2023.2168036
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2023.2168036
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:77:y:2023:i:1:p:141-151
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_2127858_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Miguel Requena
Author-X-Name-First: Miguel
Author-X-Name-Last: Requena
Author-Name: David Reher
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Reher
Author-Name: Alberto Sanz-Gimeno
Author-X-Name-First: Alberto
Author-X-Name-Last: Sanz-Gimeno
Title: Fertility and contraception: The experience of Spanish women born in the first half of the twentieth century
Abstract:
New data based on retrospective interviews with older informants enable us to review the history of contraceptive use among Spanish women over much of the twentieth century. This source is unique because it includes cohorts of women whose reproductive lives took place before, during, and after the baby boom. Traditional contraceptive methods (withdrawal and periodic abstinence) were central to the experience of the first set of women, while the last set made full use of modern as well as some traditional methods. For the first cohorts, traditional methods spearheaded the historic decline in fertility, while among the last set of women modern methods led to a precipitous decline towards the below-replacement fertility that continues in Spain today. There is no evidence that the modest increases in fertility during the baby boom in Spain were the result of a decline in the use of contraception among married women.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 153-162
Issue: 1
Volume: 77
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2022.2127858
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2022.2127858
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:77:y:2023:i:1:p:153-162
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_2168035_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Ryan K. Masters
Author-X-Name-First: Ryan K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Masters
Title: Sources and severity of bias in estimates of the BMI–mortality association
Abstract:
Estimates of mortality differences by body mass index (BMI) are likely biased by: (1) confounding bias from heterogeneity in body shape; (2) positive survival bias in high-BMI samples due to recent weight gain; and (3) negative survival bias in low-BMI samples due to recent weight loss. I investigate these sources of bias in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1988–94 and 1999–2006 linked to mortality up to 2015 (17,784 cases; 4,468 deaths). I use Cox survival models to estimate BMI differences in all-cause mortality risks among adults aged [45–85) in the United States. I test for age-based differences in BMI–mortality associations and estimate functional forms of the association using nine BMI levels. Estimates of the BMI–mortality association in NHANES data are significantly affected by all three biases, and obesity–mortality associations adjusted for bias are substantively strong at all ages. The mortality consequences of overweight and obesity have likely been underestimated, especially at older ages.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 35-53
Issue: 1
Volume: 77
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2023.2168035
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2023.2168035
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:77:y:2023:i:1:p:35-53
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_2155691_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Fabrizio Mazzonna
Author-X-Name-First: Fabrizio
Author-X-Name-Last: Mazzonna
Author-Name: Nicolò Gatti
Author-X-Name-First: Nicolò
Author-X-Name-Last: Gatti
Title: Cultural differences, intergenerational contacts, and the spread of Covid-19: Evidence from Swiss language regions
Abstract:
The Covid-19 pandemic displayed large variations between and within countries in the speed of contagion and in observed fatality rates. This work sheds light on the role of social ties in old age, exploiting the high cultural variation between German-speaking and Latin- (French- and Italian-) speaking regions in Switzerland. We show that older adults in Latin-speaking regions exhibit a larger social network and more intergenerational contacts than their German-speaking counterparts. These differences are consistent with the heterogeneous incidence of the disease across language regions. Even controlling for several determinants of the contagion, we find large differences in the incidence of Covid-19 among older adults, in both the first and second waves of the pandemic. These findings also hold when exploiting language variations within the three Swiss bilingual cantons. We rule out the possibility that our results are driven by differences in canton-specific policies or in citizens’ compliance with containment measures.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 111-121
Issue: 1
Volume: 77
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2022.2155691
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2022.2155691
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:77:y:2023:i:1:p:111-121
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_2049857_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Ryohei Mogi
Author-X-Name-First: Ryohei
Author-X-Name-Last: Mogi
Author-Name: Ester Lazzari
Author-X-Name-First: Ester
Author-X-Name-Last: Lazzari
Author-Name: Jessica Nisén
Author-X-Name-First: Jessica
Author-X-Name-Last: Nisén
Author-Name: Vladimir Canudas-Romo
Author-X-Name-First: Vladimir
Author-X-Name-Last: Canudas-Romo
Title: Cross-sectional average length of life by parity: Country comparisons
Abstract:
This study aims to present an alternative measure of fertility—cross-sectional average length of life by parity (CALP)—which: (1) is a period fertility indicator using all available cohort information; (2) captures the dynamics of parity transitions; and (3) links information on fertility quantum and timing together as part of a single phenomenon. Using data from the Human Fertility Database, we calculate CALP for 12 countries in the Global North. Our results show that women spend the longest time at parity zero on average, and in countries where women spend comparatively longer time at parity zero, they spend fewer years at parities one and two. The analysis is extended by decomposing the differences in CALPs between Sweden and the United States, revealing age- and cohort-specific contributions to population-level differences in parity-specific fertility patterns. The decomposition illustrates how high teenage fertility in the United States dominates the differences between these two countries in the time spent at different parities.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 1-14
Issue: 1
Volume: 77
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2022.2049857
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2022.2049857
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:77:y:2023:i:1:p:1-14
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_2134579_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Min Zhou
Author-X-Name-First: Min
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhou
Author-Name: Wei Guo
Author-X-Name-First: Wei
Author-X-Name-Last: Guo
Title: Sooner, later, or never: Changing fertility intentions due to Covid-19 in China’s Covid-19 epicentre
Abstract:
Using survey data collected from Hubei province, China’s Covid-19 epicentre, in August 2020, this study examines how fertility intentions of Chinese citizens changed during the Covid-19 pandemic. We consider not only whether people changed their fertility plans due to Covid-19 but also distinguish three types of change: bringing forward (‘sooner’), postponing (‘later’), and abandoning (‘never’) planned fertility. Over half of those who planned to have a child intended to change their fertility plans due to Covid-19. Younger individuals, those of non-Han ethnicities, urban residents, those with one child already, and those with ever-infected family members were more likely to change their fertility plans. While the effects of some characteristics seem to be short term, other characteristics such as age and number of children show more consequential influences. Older individuals and those planning their second child were particularly prone to abandoning their childbearing plans due to Covid-19. The pandemic may thus complicate China’s latest efforts to boost its low fertility.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 123-140
Issue: 1
Volume: 77
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2022.2134579
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2022.2134579
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:77:y:2023:i:1:p:123-140
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_2049856_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Isaure Delaporte
Author-X-Name-First: Isaure
Author-X-Name-Last: Delaporte
Author-Name: Hill Kulu
Author-X-Name-First: Hill
Author-X-Name-Last: Kulu
Title: Interaction between childbearing and partnership trajectories among immigrants and their descendants in France: An application of multichannel sequence analysis
Abstract:
While there is a large literature investigating migrant marriage or fertility, little research has examined how childbearing and partnerships are interrelated. In this paper, we investigate how childbearing and partnership trajectories evolve and interact over the life course for immigrants and their descendants and how the relationship varies by migrant origin. We apply multichannel sequence analysis to rich longitudinal survey data from France and find significant differences in family-related behaviour between immigrants, their descendants, and the native French. Immigrants’ family behaviour is characterized by stronger association between marriage and childbearing than in the native population. However, there are significant differences across migrant groups. Turkish immigrants exhibit the most conservative family pathways. By contrast, the family behaviour of European immigrants is similar to that of the native population. The study also demonstrates that the family behaviour of some descendant groups has gradually become indistinguishable from that of the native French, whereas for other groups significant differences in family behaviour persist.Supplementary material for this article is available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2022.2049856
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 55-70
Issue: 1
Volume: 77
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2022.2049856
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2022.2049856
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:77:y:2023:i:1:p:55-70
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_2182023_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Thanks to the 2021 and 2022 reviewers
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: iii-iv
Issue: 1
Volume: 77
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2023.2182023
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2023.2182023
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:77:y:2023:i:1:p:iii-iv
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_2057576_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Jiaxin Shi
Author-X-Name-First: Jiaxin
Author-X-Name-Last: Shi
Author-Name: José Manuel Aburto
Author-X-Name-First: José Manuel
Author-X-Name-Last: Aburto
Author-Name: Pekka Martikainen
Author-X-Name-First: Pekka
Author-X-Name-Last: Martikainen
Author-Name: Lasse Tarkiainen
Author-X-Name-First: Lasse
Author-X-Name-Last: Tarkiainen
Author-Name: Alyson van Raalte
Author-X-Name-First: Alyson
Author-X-Name-Last: van Raalte
Title: A distributional approach to measuring lifespan stratification
Abstract:
The study of the mortality differences between groups has traditionally focused on metrics that describe average levels of mortality, for example life expectancy and standardized mortality rates. Additional insights can be gained by using statistical distance metrics to examine differences in lifespan distributions between groups. Here, we use a distance metric, the non-overlap index, to capture the sociological concept of stratification, which emphasizes the emergence of unique, hierarchically layered social strata. We show an application using Finnish registration data that cover the entire population over the period from 1996 to 2017. The results indicate that lifespan stratification and life-expectancy differences between income groups both increased substantially from 1996 to 2008; subsequently, life-expectancy differences declined, whereas stratification stagnated for men and increased for women. We conclude that the non-overlap index uncovers a unique domain of inequalities in mortality and helps to capture important between-group differences that conventional approaches miss.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 15-33
Issue: 1
Volume: 77
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2022.2057576
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2022.2057576
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:77:y:2023:i:1:p:15-33
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_2104916_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Ewa Batyra
Author-X-Name-First: Ewa
Author-X-Name-Last: Batyra
Author-Name: Tiziana Leone
Author-X-Name-First: Tiziana
Author-X-Name-Last: Leone
Author-Name: Mikko Myrskylä
Author-X-Name-First: Mikko
Author-X-Name-Last: Myrskylä
Title: Forecasting of cohort fertility by educational level in countries with limited data availability: The case of Brazil
Abstract:
The Brazilian period total fertility rate (PTFR) dropped to 1.8 in 2010 (1.5 among those with high education). Due to shifts in fertility timing, the PTFR may provide a misleading picture of fertility levels. The consequences of these changes for the cohort total fertility rate (CTFR)—a measure free from tempo distortions—and for educational differences in completed fertility remain unknown. Due to data limitations, CTFR forecasts in low- and middle-income countries are rare. We use Brazilian censuses to reconstruct fertility rates indirectly and forecast the CTFR for all women and by educational level. Four forecasting methods indicate that the CTFR is unlikely to fall to the level of the PTFR. Educational differences in the CTFR are likely to be stark, at 0.7–0.9, larger than in many high-income countries with comparable CTFRs. We show how the CTFR can be forecasted in settings with limited data and call for more research on educational differences in completed fertility in low- and middle-income countries.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 179-195
Issue: 2
Volume: 77
Year: 2023
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2022.2104916
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2022.2104916
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:77:y:2023:i:2:p:179-195
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_2146856_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Correction
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: i-i
Issue: 2
Volume: 77
Year: 2023
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2022.2146856
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2022.2146856
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:77:y:2023:i:2:p:i-i
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_1998583_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Caroline Uggla
Author-X-Name-First: Caroline
Author-X-Name-Last: Uggla
Author-Name: Ben Wilson
Author-X-Name-First: Ben
Author-X-Name-Last: Wilson
Title: Parental age gaps among immigrants and their descendants: Adaptation across time and generations?
Abstract:
Age gaps between partners have undergone dramatic changes in high-income countries over the past century. Yet, there has been little focus on age gaps for immigrants and their descendants. This is an important omission because age gaps can be interpreted as a macro-level indicator of intergenerational adaptation. We examine the age gaps of biological parents (childbearing partners) among immigrants and their descendants in Sweden, a country with high gender equality and a stable mean age gap. Using longitudinal, whole-population data, we examine changes in age gaps for cohorts born 1950–86. Cohort trends in age gaps often follow very different patterns for male and female immigrants, with limited evidence of adaptation across cohorts. However, there is considerable evidence of adaptation towards the Swedish norm among the second generation, including from direct comparison between immigrants and their children. The largest differences between women and men are seen among the first generation with a Swedish-born partner.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 311-333
Issue: 2
Volume: 77
Year: 2023
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2021.1998583
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2021.1998583
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:77:y:2023:i:2:p:311-333
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_2195847_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Solveig Glestad Christiansen
Author-X-Name-First: Solveig Glestad
Author-X-Name-Last: Christiansen
Author-Name: Øystein Kravdal
Author-X-Name-First: Øystein
Author-X-Name-Last: Kravdal
Title: Number of children and disability pension due to mental and musculoskeletal disorders: A longitudinal register-based study in Norway
Abstract:
Earlier research has documented a relationship between parity and all-cause mortality, as well as parity and cause-specific mortality (e.g. cancer and cardiovascular disease mortality). Less is known about the relationship between parity and two very common (but less deadly) types of disorder: mental and musculoskeletal. We examine the association between parity and risk of disability pensioning from all causes and due to mental or musculoskeletal disorders, using Norwegian register data. In addition to controlling for adult socio-demographic characteristics, we control for unobserved confounding from family background by estimating sibling fixed-effects models. We find a higher risk of disability pensioning among the childless and those with one child than for parents with two children, both for all causes combined and for mental disorders. Childless men and fathers with one child also experience excess risk of being pensioned due to musculoskeletal disorders. For mental disorders, we find a positive association with high parity, particularly for men.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 335-346
Issue: 2
Volume: 77
Year: 2023
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2023.2195847
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2023.2195847
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:77:y:2023:i:2:p:335-346
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_2102672_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Lydia Palumbo
Author-X-Name-First: Lydia
Author-X-Name-Last: Palumbo
Author-Name: Ann Berrington
Author-X-Name-First: Ann
Author-X-Name-Last: Berrington
Author-Name: Peter Eibich
Author-X-Name-First: Peter
Author-X-Name-Last: Eibich
Author-Name: Agnese Vitali
Author-X-Name-First: Agnese
Author-X-Name-Last: Vitali
Title: Uncertain steps into adulthood: Does economic precariousness hinder entry into the first co-residential partnership in the UK?
Abstract:
This study uses prospective data spanning 27 years (1991–2018) to explore the relationship between economic precariousness and transitions to first co-residential partnership among Britons aged 18–34 across three dimensions: age, historical time, and sex. Economic precariousness is measured using eight objective and subjective indicators, including income, employment, housing, and financial perceptions. Our results show that economic precariousness has a strong negative relationship with entering the first co-residential partnership among those aged 20–30, but the pattern is less clear among the youngest and oldest. Objective measures are easier to interpret than subjective measures. Historical analyses suggest that not being employed decreases the probability of union formation more in recessionary periods than in non-recessionary ones. Among working women, low labour income started to be a predictor of union formation in the most recent periods. Labour income is the only indicator presenting trends in line with our hypotheses across all dimensions.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 263-289
Issue: 2
Volume: 77
Year: 2023
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2022.2102672
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2022.2102672
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:77:y:2023:i:2:p:263-289
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_2128396_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: D. Susie Lee
Author-X-Name-First: D. Susie
Author-X-Name-Last: Lee
Author-Name: Natalie Nitsche
Author-X-Name-First: Natalie
Author-X-Name-Last: Nitsche
Author-Name: Kieron Barclay
Author-X-Name-First: Kieron
Author-X-Name-Last: Barclay
Title: Body mass index in early adulthood and transition to first birth: Racial/ethnic and sex differences in the United States NLSY79 Cohort
Abstract:
Studies show that body mass index during early adulthood (‘early BMI’) predicts the transition to first birth, but early childbearers tend to be omitted from such studies. This sample selection distorts the prevalence of childlessness, and particularly the racial/ethnic heterogeneity therein, because first birth timing differs by race/ethnicity. We imputed pre-parenthood early BMI for a larger sample, including early childbearers, for the same United States NLSY79 data used in a previous study and simulated differences in the probability of childlessness at age 40+ using posterior distributions based on the Bayesian framework. Obesity was consistently associated with higher childlessness across racial/ethnic groups in both sexes, but only among obese women were first births delayed until after early adulthood. The overall lower childlessness among the underweight women appeared largely driven by Black women. Our findings on the intersectionality of race/ethnicity and sex in the BMI–childlessness pathways encourage research on the underlying mechanisms and on more recent cohorts across different societies.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 241-261
Issue: 2
Volume: 77
Year: 2023
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2022.2128396
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2022.2128396
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:77:y:2023:i:2:p:241-261
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_2217789_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Simona Bignami-Van Assche
Author-X-Name-First: Simona
Author-X-Name-Last: Bignami-Van Assche
Author-Name: Daniela Ghio
Author-X-Name-First: Daniela
Author-X-Name-Last: Ghio
Author-Name: Nikolaos I. Stilianakis
Author-X-Name-First: Nikolaos I.
Author-X-Name-Last: Stilianakis
Title: Demographic risk factors, healthcare utilization, and mortality during the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic in Austria, Germany, and Italy
Abstract:
At the population level, there is limited empirical evidence on the characteristics of individuals who were hospitalized because of Covid-19, the role of hospitalization in mortality risk, and how both evolved over time. Through the analysis of surveillance data for 7 million people in Austria, Germany, and Italy, we investigate: (1) the demographic characteristics and outcomes of individuals hospitalized because of Covid-19; and (2) the role of demographic risk factors and healthcare utilization (as measured by hospitalization) for the individual probability of dying because of Covid-19, in both cases comparing the period February to June 2020 with July 2020 to February 2021. We find that the demographic profile of individuals who were hospitalized or died because of Covid-19 is the same in both periods, except for a younger age profile for hospitalizations in the second period. Mortality differentials across countries result from the interaction of demographic risk factors and hospitalization at the individual level.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 347-358
Issue: 2
Volume: 77
Year: 2023
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2023.2217789
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2023.2217789
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:77:y:2023:i:2:p:347-358
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_2069848_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Éva Beaujouan
Author-X-Name-First: Éva
Author-X-Name-Last: Beaujouan
Author-Name: Anne Solaz
Author-X-Name-First: Anne
Author-X-Name-Last: Solaz
Title: Polarized adult fertility patterns following early parental death
Abstract:
Death of a parent during childhood has become rare in developed countries but remains an important life course event that may have consequences for family formation. This paper describes the link between parental death before age 18 and fertility outcomes in adulthood. Using the large national 2011 French Family Survey (INSEE–INED), we focus on the 1946–66 birth cohorts, for whom we observe entire fertility histories. The sample includes 11,854 respondents who have lost at least one parent before age 18. We find a strong polarization of fertility behaviours among orphaned males, more pronounced for those coming from a disadvantaged background. More often childless, particularly when parental death occurred in adolescence, some seem to retreat from parenthood. But orphaned men and women who do become parents seem to embrace family life, by beginning childbearing earlier and having more children, especially when the deceased parent is of the same sex.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 217-239
Issue: 2
Volume: 77
Year: 2023
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2022.2069848
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2022.2069848
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:77:y:2023:i:2:p:217-239
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_2174268_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Maurice Anyawie
Author-X-Name-First: Maurice
Author-X-Name-Last: Anyawie
Author-Name: Daniel T. Lichter
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel T.
Author-X-Name-Last: Lichter
Title: Children of immigrants: Racial assortative mating and the transition to adulthood
Abstract:
Few studies have followed immigrant-origin individuals from adolescence to adulthood or examined their spousal choices. Using longitudinal data from Add Health, we present a life-course model that examines the differences in racial assortative mating between children of immigrants and non-immigrants. The results reveal substantial variation in racial endogamy from generation to generation. Racial endogamy was highest in the third generation, but this is due entirely to high racial endogamy among whites. Out-marriage was most pronounced among first- and second-generation immigrants. Our life-course approach shows that the effects of race and generation on intermarriage were mediated by family background (e.g. language proficiency and residence) and educational attainment (at time of marriage), a finding largely indicative of processes of marital assimilation that unfold over time and generation. Evidence of acculturation and structural assimilation, however, could not fully account for the large, persistent, and uneven effects of race and generation on interracial marriage.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 291-309
Issue: 2
Volume: 77
Year: 2023
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2023.2174268
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2023.2174268
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:77:y:2023:i:2:p:291-309
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_2134578_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Martin Kolk
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Kolk
Title: The relationship between life-course accumulated income and childbearing of Swedish men and women born 1940–70
Abstract:
This study uses income accumulated over ages 20–60 to examine whether richer or poorer individuals have more children. Income histories are calculated using yearly administrative register data from contemporary Sweden for cohorts born 1940–70. Differences by parity and income distribution are examined separately by sex. There is a strong positive gradient between accumulated disposable income (and to a lesser extent earnings) and fertility for men in all cohorts and a gradual transformation from a negative to a positive gradient for women. In particular, accumulated incomes are substantially lower for childless men and women than those with children. For men, fertility increases monotonically with increasing income, whereas for women much of the positive gradient results from low fertility among women with very low accumulated incomes in later cohorts. Most of the positive income–fertility gradient can be explained by the high incomes of men and women with two to four children.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 197-215
Issue: 2
Volume: 77
Year: 2023
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2022.2134578
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2022.2134578
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:77:y:2023:i:2:p:197-215
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_2187441_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Tianyu Shen
Author-X-Name-First: Tianyu
Author-X-Name-Last: Shen
Author-Name: Ester Lazzari
Author-X-Name-First: Ester
Author-X-Name-Last: Lazzari
Author-Name: Vladimir Canudas-Romo
Author-X-Name-First: Vladimir
Author-X-Name-Last: Canudas-Romo
Title: The contribution of survival to changes in the net reproduction rate
Abstract:
The net reproduction rate (NRR) is an alternative fertility measure to the more common total fertility rate (TFR) and accounts for the mortality context of the population studied. This study is the first to compare NRR trends in high- and low-income countries and to decompose NRR changes over time into fertility and survival components. The results show that changes in the NRR have been driven mostly by changes in fertility. Yet improvements in survival have also played an important role in explaining changes in the NRR over the last century and represent a substantial component of change in some low-income countries today. Furthermore, the decomposition of the survival component by age indicates that the survival effect on population reproduction is concentrated mostly in infancy, although the HIV/AIDS epidemic altered this age profile in some populations. The findings highlight the importance of mortality’s effect on reproduction in specific periods and contexts.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 163-178
Issue: 2
Volume: 77
Year: 2023
Month: 05
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2023.2187441
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2023.2187441
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:77:y:2023:i:2:p:163-178
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_2080247_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Anna Baranowska-Rataj
Author-X-Name-First: Anna
Author-X-Name-Last: Baranowska-Rataj
Author-Name: Kieron Barclay
Author-X-Name-First: Kieron
Author-X-Name-Last: Barclay
Author-Name: Joan Costa-Font
Author-X-Name-First: Joan
Author-X-Name-Last: Costa-Font
Author-Name: Mikko Myrskylä
Author-X-Name-First: Mikko
Author-X-Name-Last: Myrskylä
Author-Name: Berkay Özcan
Author-X-Name-First: Berkay
Author-X-Name-Last: Özcan
Title: Preterm birth and educational disadvantage: Heterogeneous effects
Abstract:
Although preterm birth is the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality in advanced economies, evidence about the consequences of prematurity in later life is limited. Using Swedish registers for cohorts born 1982–94 (N = 1,087,750), we examine the effects of preterm birth on school grades at age 16 using sibling fixed effects models. We further examine how school grades are affected by degree of prematurity and the compensating roles of family socio-economic resources and characteristics of school districts. Our results show that the negative effects of preterm birth are observed mostly among children born extremely preterm (<28 weeks); children born moderately preterm (32–<37 weeks) suffer no ill effects. We do not find any evidence for a moderating effect of parental socio-economic resources. Children born extremely preterm and in the top decile of school districts achieve as good grades as children born at full term in an average school district.Supplementary material for this article is available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2022.2080247.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 459-474
Issue: 3
Volume: 77
Year: 2023
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2022.2080247
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2022.2080247
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:77:y:2023:i:3:p:459-474
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_2149845_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Elena Pirani
Author-X-Name-First: Elena
Author-X-Name-Last: Pirani
Author-Name: Daniele Vignoli
Author-X-Name-First: Daniele
Author-X-Name-Last: Vignoli
Title: Childbearing across partnerships in Italy: Prevalence, demographic correlates, and social gradient
Abstract:
Studies of childbearing across partnerships—having children with more than one partner—have generally focused on countries with relatively high separation rates. We complement this previous research with analyses for Italy using nationally representative, retrospective data and event-history techniques. This study offers three key findings. First, we detected a non-negligible share of childbearing across partnerships, although at substantially lower levels relative to other wealthy countries (5 per cent of parents aged 25–54 with at least two children). Second, multivariate analyses revealed an impressive similarity to the demographic correlates found elsewhere. Finally, we showed that childbearing across partnerships was initiated by the ‘social vanguard’ of new family behaviours but then diffused among the least well-off. Overall, this paper adds to the growing literature on childbearing across partnerships by showing the phenomenon to be demographically and sociologically relevant, even in countries with strong family ties and a limited diffusion of union dissolution.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 379-398
Issue: 3
Volume: 77
Year: 2023
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2022.2149845
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2022.2149845
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:77:y:2023:i:3:p:379-398
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_2231913_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Aude Bernard
Author-X-Name-First: Aude
Author-X-Name-Last: Bernard
Author-Name: Sergi Vidal
Author-X-Name-First: Sergi
Author-X-Name-Last: Vidal
Title: Linking internal and international migration over the life course: A sequence analysis of individual migration trajectories in Europe
Abstract:
Because internal and international migration are typically conceptualized and measured separately, empirical evidence on the links between these two forms of population movement remains partial. This paper takes a step towards integration by establishing how internal and international migration precede one another in various sequenced relationships from birth to age 50 in 20 European countries. We apply sequence and cluster analysis to full retrospective migration histories collected as part of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe in 2008–09 and 2017, for individuals born between 1950 and 1965. The results show that nearly all international migrants engage in internal mobility at some point in their lives. However, individual migration trajectories are delineated by the order of internal and international moves, the duration and timing of stays abroad, and the extent to which individuals engage in return international migration. Institutional and economic conditions shape the diversity of migration experiences.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 515-537
Issue: 3
Volume: 77
Year: 2023
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2023.2231913
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2023.2231913
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:77:y:2023:i:3:p:515-537
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_2149844_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Glenn Sandström
Author-X-Name-First: Glenn
Author-X-Name-Last: Sandström
Author-Name: Maria Stanfors
Author-X-Name-First: Maria
Author-X-Name-Last: Stanfors
Title: Socio-economic status and the rise of divorce in Sweden: The case of the 1880–1954 marriage cohorts in Västerbotten
Abstract:
An established negative association between socio-economic status (SES) and divorce has applied to most Western nations since 1960. We expected a positive association between SES and divorce for low-divorce contexts historically because only individuals in higher social strata had the resources to overcome barriers to divorce. According to Goode’s socio-economic growth theory, this relationship was reversed as industrialization and modernization began removing the economic and normative barriers. Making use of longitudinal data from parish registers, we investigated SES and other micro-level determinants of divorce among men and women in northern Sweden who married between 1880 and 1954. Results indicated a positive association between SES and divorce among those who married 1880–1919, with the middle class, not the elite, featuring the highest divorce risks. This association changed for couples who married in the 1920s, for whom divorce became more common and the working class faced similar divorce risks to the higher social strata.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 417-435
Issue: 3
Volume: 77
Year: 2023
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2022.2149844
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2022.2149844
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:77:y:2023:i:3:p:417-435
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_2233964_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Ashira Menashe-Oren
Author-X-Name-First: Ashira
Author-X-Name-Last: Menashe-Oren
Author-Name: Guy Stecklov
Author-X-Name-First: Guy
Author-X-Name-Last: Stecklov
Title: Age-specific sex ratios: Examining rural–urban variation within low- and middle-income countries
Abstract:
The balance of men and women in society, captured by sex ratios, determines key social and demographic phenomena. Previous research has explored sex ratios mainly at birth and up to age five at national level, whereas we address rural–urban gaps in sex ratios for all ages. Our measures are based on the United Nations data on rural and urban populations by age and sex for 112 low- and middle-income countries in 2015. We show that rural sex ratios are higher than urban sex ratios among children and older people, whereas at working ages, urban areas are dominated by males. Our analysis suggests that the urban transition itself is not driving the gap in rural–urban sex ratios. Rather, internal migration seems to be key in shaping rural–urban sex ratio divergence in sub-Saharan Africa, while both internal migration and mortality differentials appear to be the predominant mechanisms driving sex ratio gaps in Latin America.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 539-558
Issue: 3
Volume: 77
Year: 2023
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2023.2233964
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2023.2233964
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:77:y:2023:i:3:p:539-558
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_2138521_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Miguel González-Leonardo
Author-X-Name-First: Miguel
Author-X-Name-Last: González-Leonardo
Author-Name: Jeroen Spijker
Author-X-Name-First: Jeroen
Author-X-Name-Last: Spijker
Title: The impact of Covid-19 on demographic components in Spain, 2020–31: A scenario approach
Abstract:
While considerable attention has been paid to the impact of Covid-19 on mortality and fertility, few studies have attempted to evaluate the pandemic’s effect on international migration. We analyse the impact of Covid-19 on births, deaths, and international migration in Spain during 2020, comparing observed data with estimated values assuming there had been no pandemic. We also assess the consequences of three post-pandemic scenarios on the size and structure of the population to 2031. Results show that in 2020, excess mortality equalled 16.2 per cent and births were 6.5 per cent lower than expected. Immigration was the most affected component, at 36.0 per cent lower than expected, while emigration was reduced by 23.8 per cent. If net migration values recover to pre-pandemic levels in 2022, the size and structure of the population in 2031 will be barely affected. Conversely, if levels do not recover until 2025, there will be important changes to Spain’s age structure.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 497-513
Issue: 3
Volume: 77
Year: 2023
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2022.2138521
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2022.2138521
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:77:y:2023:i:3:p:497-513
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_2228288_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Letícia J. Marteleto
Author-X-Name-First: Letícia J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Marteleto
Author-Name: Alexandre Gori Maia
Author-X-Name-First: Alexandre Gori
Author-X-Name-Last: Maia
Author-Name: Cristina Guimarães Rodrigues
Author-X-Name-First: Cristina Guimarães
Author-X-Name-Last: Rodrigues
Title: Climate and fertility amid a public health crisis
Abstract:
One line of enquiry in demographic research assesses whether climate affects fertility. We extend this literature by examining the ramifications of climate conditions on fertility over a period of public health crisis in a highly unequal, urban middle-income country. We use monthly data for Brazil's 5,564 municipalities and apply spatial fixed-effects models to account for unobserved municipal heterogeneity and spatial dependence. Findings suggest that increases in temperature and precipitation are associated with declines in births. We also show that changes in response to climate conditions became greater during the Zika epidemic, particularly in urban areas. Combined, findings highlight the value of understanding the intersections between climate and fertility across geographic boundaries and during this public health crisis. Epidemics have become more important in people's lives with the recurring emergence of novel infectious disease threats, such as Zika and Covid-19.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 437-458
Issue: 3
Volume: 77
Year: 2023
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2023.2228288
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2023.2228288
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:77:y:2023:i:3:p:437-458
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_2222723_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Jesús-Daniel Zazueta-Borboa
Author-X-Name-First: Jesús-Daniel
Author-X-Name-Last: Zazueta-Borboa
Author-Name: José Manuel Aburto
Author-X-Name-First: José Manuel
Author-X-Name-Last: Aburto
Author-Name: Iñaki Permanyer
Author-X-Name-First: Iñaki
Author-X-Name-Last: Permanyer
Author-Name: Virginia Zarulli
Author-X-Name-First: Virginia
Author-X-Name-Last: Zarulli
Author-Name: Fanny Janssen
Author-X-Name-First: Fanny
Author-X-Name-Last: Janssen
Title: Contributions of age groups and causes of death to the sex gap in lifespan variation in Europe
Abstract:
Much less is known about the sex gap in lifespan variation, which reflects inequalities in the length of life, than about the sex gap in life expectancy (average length of life). We examined the contributions of age groups and causes of death to the sex gap in lifespan variation for 28 European countries, grouped into five European regions. In 2010–15, males in Europe displayed a 6.8-year-lower life expectancy and a 2.3-year-higher standard deviation in lifespan than females, with clear regional differences. Sex differences in lifespan variation are attributable largely to higher external mortality among males aged 30–39, whereas sex differences in life expectancy are due predominantly to higher smoking-related and cardiovascular disease mortality among males aged 60–69. The distinct findings for the sex gap in lifespan variation and the sex gap in life expectancy provide additional insights into the survival differences between the sexes.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 475-496
Issue: 3
Volume: 77
Year: 2023
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2023.2222723
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2023.2222723
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:77:y:2023:i:3:p:475-496
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_2144639_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Júlia Mikolai
Author-X-Name-First: Júlia
Author-X-Name-Last: Mikolai
Author-Name: Hill Kulu
Author-X-Name-First: Hill
Author-X-Name-Last: Kulu
Title: Partnership and fertility trajectories of immigrants and descendants in the United Kingdom: A multilevel multistate event history approach
Abstract:
We study the interrelationships between partnership and fertility trajectories of immigrant women and female descendants of immigrants using the UK Household Longitudinal Study. We propose a novel multistate event history approach to analyse the outcomes of unpartnered, cohabiting, and married women. We find that the partnership and fertility behaviours of immigrants and descendants from European and Western countries are similar to those of native women: many cohabit first and then have children and/or marry. Those from countries with conservative family behaviours (e.g. South Asian countries) marry first and then have children. Women from the Caribbean show the weakest link between partnership changes and fertility: some have births outside unions; some form a union and have children thereafter. Family patterns have remained relatively stable across migrant generations and birth cohorts, although marriage is being postponed in all groups. Our findings on immigrants support the socialization hypothesis, whereas those on descendants are in line with the minority subculture hypothesis.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 359-378
Issue: 3
Volume: 77
Year: 2023
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2022.2144639
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2022.2144639
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:77:y:2023:i:3:p:359-378
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_2152478_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Alessandro Di Nallo
Author-X-Name-First: Alessandro
Author-X-Name-Last: Di Nallo
Author-Name: Katya Ivanova
Author-X-Name-First: Katya
Author-X-Name-Last: Ivanova
Author-Name: Nicoletta Balbo
Author-X-Name-First: Nicoletta
Author-X-Name-Last: Balbo
Title: Repartnering of women in the United States: The interplay between motherhood and socio-economic status
Abstract:
We examine the socio-economic differentials in mothers’ and non-mothers’ repartnering behaviours following the dissolution of a co-residential (marital or cohabiting) union. Based on five waves of the National Survey of Family Growth (N = 11,479), we use discrete-time event history models, jointly modelling exit from a partnership and entry into a new union. Few differences are found for entry into direct marriage, which is a rarely observed event. However, when we examine women’s entry into cohabitation (a possible stepping stone to marriage), we observe: (1) a motherhood gap, where mothers are less likely to repartner than non-mothers; (2) a negative association between educational attainment and repartnering probability; and (3) the motherhood gap existing only for low-educated women. Supplementary analyses on the impact of the Great Recession demonstrate that whereas the economic cycle mattered for the repartnering of low-educated women, it made no difference for more highly educated women.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 399-416
Issue: 3
Volume: 77
Year: 2023
Month: 09
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2022.2152478
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2022.2152478
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:77:y:2023:i:3:p:399-416
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_2272991_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Dipanwita Ghatak
Author-X-Name-First: Dipanwita
Author-X-Name-Last: Ghatak
Author-Name: Soham Sahoo
Author-X-Name-First: Soham
Author-X-Name-Last: Sahoo
Author-Name: Sudipa Sarkar
Author-X-Name-First: Sudipa
Author-X-Name-Last: Sarkar
Author-Name: Varun Sharma
Author-X-Name-First: Varun
Author-X-Name-Last: Sharma
Title: Who eats last? Intra-household gender inequality in food allocation among children in educationally backward areas of India
Abstract:
The practice of women eating after men is a common gender-inequitable food allocation mechanism among adults in Indian households and has been associated with poor health and nutritional outcomes for women. However, empirical evidence on whether a similar practice of girls eating after boys is prevalent among children is scarce. Using primary data from a household survey conducted in educationally backward areas of four Indian states, we provide new evidence of this practice among children. Almost 28 per cent of the sample households follow the mealtime custom of girls eating after boys. Scheduled Tribes and households with higher incomes are less likely to follow this practice. Other relevant factors include children’s relative ages by sex and an interplay between family size and children’s sex composition. While our findings may not be generalizable, they suggest an intersectionality between gender and other dimensions of inequality, namely social identity and economic class.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 63-77
Issue: 1
Volume: 78
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2023.2272991
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2023.2272991
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:78:y:2024:i:1:p:63-77
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_2317654_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: The Editors
Author-X-Name-First:
Author-X-Name-Last: The Editors
Title: Anne Shepherd: An appreciation
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 1-1
Issue: 1
Volume: 78
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2024.2317654
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2024.2317654
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:78:y:2024:i:1:p:1-1
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_2160004_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Tiziana Leone
Author-X-Name-First: Tiziana
Author-X-Name-Last: Leone
Author-Name: Heini Väisänen
Author-X-Name-First: Heini
Author-X-Name-Last: Väisänen
Author-Name: Firman Witoelar
Author-X-Name-First: Firman
Author-X-Name-Last: Witoelar
Title: Women’s fertility and allostatic load in the post-reproductive years: An analysis of the Indonesian Family Life Survey
Abstract:
We know little about the effects of the reproductive health burden in contexts where unsafe abortions, miscarriages, stillbirths, and low-quality maternal care are common. The aim of this study is to investigate the use of allostatic load to understand the impact of reproductive histories on later-life health. We applied path models to the Indonesian Family Life Survey with a sample of 2,001 women aged 40+. Although number of children was not associated with allostatic load, pregnancies not ending in live birth and parenthood before age 18 were both negatively associated with health. We also identified clear cohort and educational effects and a possible rural advantage. Our contribution is twofold: we highlight the importance of reproductive histories beyond live births on women’s later-life health in a context of increasing population ageing, and we demonstrate the applicability of using allostatic load to measure health outside the Global North.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 127-149
Issue: 1
Volume: 78
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2022.2160004
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2022.2160004
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:78:y:2024:i:1:p:127-149
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_2181383_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Ewa Batyra
Author-X-Name-First: Ewa
Author-X-Name-Last: Batyra
Author-Name: Luca Maria Pesando
Author-X-Name-First: Luca Maria
Author-X-Name-Last: Pesando
Title: Increases in child marriage among the poorest in Mali: ‘Reverse policies’ or data quality issues?
Abstract:
Child marriage is associated with adverse outcomes related to women’s well-being. Many countries have introduced laws banning this practice, and a number of studies have evaluated their impact. Scant research has focused on instances where countries have lowered the legal minimum age at marriage, even though such ‘reverse policies’ could result in stalled or uneven progress in eradicating child marriage. Using visualization techniques, regression analyses, and multiple robustness checks, we document changes in the prevalence of child marriage in Mali, where in 2011 the general minimum age at marriage of 18 was lowered to 16. Since 2011, the prevalence of child marriage has progressively increased among women with no education and women living in communities characterized by low local development. We reflect on the role that data collection processes may play in explaining some of these findings and stress how repealing existing provisions aiming to protect girls can have adverse consequences on the most vulnerable social strata.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 93-111
Issue: 1
Volume: 78
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2023.2181383
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2023.2181383
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:78:y:2024:i:1:p:93-111
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_2197412_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Guido Alfani
Author-X-Name-First: Guido
Author-X-Name-Last: Alfani
Author-Name: Marco Bonetti
Author-X-Name-First: Marco
Author-X-Name-Last: Bonetti
Author-Name: Mattia Fochesato
Author-X-Name-First: Mattia
Author-X-Name-Last: Fochesato
Title: Pandemics and socio-economic status. Evidence from the plague of 1630 in northern Italy
Abstract:
This paper investigates the biological, socio-economic, and institutional factors shaping the individual risk of death during a major pre-industrial epidemic. We use a micro-demographic database for an Italian city (Carmagnola) during the 1630 plague to explore in detail the survival dynamics of the population admitted to the isolation hospital (lazzaretto). We develop a theoretical model of admissions to the lazzaretto, for better interpretation of the observational data. We explore how age and sex shaped the individual risk of death, and we provide a one-of-a-kind study of the impact of socio-economic status. We report an inversion of the normal mortality gradient by status for those interned at the lazzaretto. The rich enjoyed a greater ability to make decisions about their hospitalization, but this backfired. Instead, the poor sent to the lazzaretto faced a relatively low risk of death because they enjoyed better conditions than they would have experienced outside the hospital.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 21-42
Issue: 1
Volume: 78
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2023.2197412
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2023.2197412
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:78:y:2024:i:1:p:21-42
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_2297687_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Jean Christophe Fotso
Author-X-Name-First: Jean Christophe
Author-X-Name-Last: Fotso
Author-Name: John G. Cleland
Author-X-Name-First: John G.
Author-X-Name-Last: Cleland
Author-Name: Elihou O. Adje
Author-X-Name-First: Elihou O.
Author-X-Name-Last: Adje
Title: Cameroon’s slow fertility transition: A gender perspective
Abstract:
We interrogate the proposition that men’s attitudes have constrained the fertility transition in Cameroon, where fertility remains high and contraceptive use low despite much socio-economic progress. We use five Demographic and Health Surveys to compare trends in desired family size among young women and men and analyse matched monogamous couple data from the two most recent surveys to examine wives’ and husbands’ desires to stop childbearing and their relative influence on current contraceptive use. In 2018, average desired family size was 5.6 and 5.1, for young men and women respectively, and this difference (half a child) has not changed since 1998. Among matched couples, the proportions wanting to stop childbearing were similar in wives and their husbands, but wives perceived husbands to be much more pronatalist than themselves. Surprisingly, men’s own reported preferences were more closely associated with contraceptive use than wives’ perceptions of husbands’ preferences. We discerned little evidence that men’s attitudes have impeded reproductive change.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 79-91
Issue: 1
Volume: 78
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2023.2297687
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2023.2297687
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:78:y:2024:i:1:p:79-91
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_2239772_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Sumonkanti Das
Author-X-Name-First: Sumonkanti
Author-X-Name-Last: Das
Author-Name: Bernard Baffour
Author-X-Name-First: Bernard
Author-X-Name-Last: Baffour
Author-Name: Alice Richardson
Author-X-Name-First: Alice
Author-X-Name-Last: Richardson
Title: Trends in chronic childhood undernutrition in Bangladesh for small domains
Abstract:
Chronic childhood undernutrition, known as stunting, is an important population health problem with short- and long-term adverse outcomes. Bangladesh has made strides to reduce chronic childhood undernutrition, yet progress is falling short of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals targets. This study estimates trends in age-specific chronic childhood undernutrition in Bangladesh’s 64 districts during 1997–2018, using underlying direct estimates extracted from seven Demographic and Health Surveys in the development of small area time-series models. These models combine cross-sectional, temporal, and spatial data to predict in all districts in both survey and non-survey years. Nationally, there has been a steep decline in stunting from about three in five to one in three children. However, our results highlight significant inequalities in chronic undernutrition, with several districts experiencing less pronounced declines. These differences are more nuanced at the district-by-age level, with only districts in more socio-economically advantaged areas of Bangladesh consistently reporting declines in stunting across all age groups.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 43-61
Issue: 1
Volume: 78
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2023.2239772
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2023.2239772
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:78:y:2024:i:1:p:43-61
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_2174267_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Shubhankar Sharma
Author-X-Name-First: Shubhankar
Author-X-Name-Last: Sharma
Author-Name: Jo Mhairi Hale
Author-X-Name-First: Jo Mhairi
Author-X-Name-Last: Hale
Author-Name: Mikko Myrskylä
Author-X-Name-First: Mikko
Author-X-Name-Last: Myrskylä
Author-Name: Hill Kulu
Author-X-Name-First: Hill
Author-X-Name-Last: Kulu
Title: Cognitive impairment and partnership status in the United States, 1998–2016, by sex, race/ethnicity, and education
Abstract:
Cognitively impaired adults without a partner are highly disadvantaged, as partners constitute an important source of caregiving and emotional support. With the application of innovative multistate models to the Health and Retirement Study, this paper is the first to estimate joint expectancies of cognitive and partnership status at age 50 by sex, race/ethnicity, and education in the United States. We find that women live a decade longer unpartnered than men. Women are also disadvantaged as they experience three more years as both cognitively impaired and unpartnered than men. Black women live over twice as long as cognitively impaired and unpartnered compared with White women. Lower-educated men and women live around three and five years longer, respectively, as cognitively impaired and unpartnered than more highly educated men and women. This study addresses a novel facet of partnership and cognitive status dynamics and examines their variations by key socio-demographic factors.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 167-177
Issue: 1
Volume: 78
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2023.2174267
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2023.2174267
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:78:y:2024:i:1:p:167-177
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_2168298_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Adan Silverio-Murillo
Author-X-Name-First: Adan
Author-X-Name-Last: Silverio-Murillo
Author-Name: Lauren Hoehn-Velasco
Author-X-Name-First: Lauren
Author-X-Name-Last: Hoehn-Velasco
Author-Name: Jose Roberto Balmori de la Miyar
Author-X-Name-First: Jose Roberto
Author-X-Name-Last: Balmori de la Miyar
Author-Name: Judith Senyancen Méndez Méndez
Author-X-Name-First: Judith Senyancen
Author-X-Name-Last: Méndez Méndez
Title: The (temporary) Covid-19 baby bust in Mexico
Abstract:
In this paper, we investigate whether fertility and newborn health changed during the Covid-19 pandemic in Mexico. We use national administrative data and an event-study design to examine the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on fertility and newborn health characteristics. Our findings suggest that Mexico’s fertility declined temporarily as measured by conceptions that likely occurred during the stay-at-home order. Initially, the general fertility rate fell by 11–12 per cent but quickly rebounded and returned close to its original levels by the end of 2021. Newborn health also deteriorated during the pandemic. Instances of low birthweight and prematurity substantially increased, with both remaining elevated over the entire pandemic period.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 113-126
Issue: 1
Volume: 78
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2023.2168298
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2023.2168298
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:78:y:2024:i:1:p:113-126
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_2272983_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Adela Recio Alcaide
Author-X-Name-First: Adela
Author-X-Name-Last: Recio Alcaide
Author-Name: César Pérez López
Author-X-Name-First: César
Author-X-Name-Last: Pérez López
Author-Name: Miguel Ángel Ortega
Author-X-Name-First: Miguel Ángel
Author-X-Name-Last: Ortega
Author-Name: Luisa N. Borrell
Author-X-Name-First: Luisa N.
Author-X-Name-Last: Borrell
Author-Name: Francisco Bolúmar
Author-X-Name-First: Francisco
Author-X-Name-Last: Bolúmar
Title: Is there an association between family members’ season of birth that could influence birth seasonality? Evidence from Spain and France
Abstract:
The number of births varies by season. Research on birth seasonality has shown that women’s season of birth somehow influences that of their children, but factors underlying the intergenerational transmission of birth seasonality remain unknown. With data from Spain and France, we analysed the possibility of transmission of birth season between generations, testing whether relatives tended to be born in the same season. Results indicated that there was an association—a similarity—between parents’ and children’s birth seasons, partially explaining the stability of seasonal patterns over time. This association also existed between parents’ birth seasons. While parents’ association is directly explained by an excess of marriages with spouses born in the same month, the overall association may be explained by two facts: different socio-demographic groups show differentiated birth patterns, and relatives share socio-demographic features. Birth season seems to be related to family characteristics, which should be controlled for when assessing birth-month effects on subsequent social/health outcomes.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 151-166
Issue: 1
Volume: 78
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2023.2272983
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2023.2272983
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:78:y:2024:i:1:p:151-166
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: RPST_A_2190151_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20240209T083504 git hash: db97ba8e3a
Author-Name: Lina Maria Sanchez-Cespedes
Author-X-Name-First: Lina Maria
Author-X-Name-Last: Sanchez-Cespedes
Author-Name: Douglas Ryan Leasure
Author-X-Name-First: Douglas Ryan
Author-X-Name-Last: Leasure
Author-Name: Natalia Tejedor-Garavito
Author-X-Name-First: Natalia
Author-X-Name-Last: Tejedor-Garavito
Author-Name: Glenn Harry Amaya Cruz
Author-X-Name-First: Glenn Harry
Author-X-Name-Last: Amaya Cruz
Author-Name: Gustavo Adolfo Garcia Velez
Author-X-Name-First: Gustavo Adolfo
Author-X-Name-Last: Garcia Velez
Author-Name: Andryu Enrique Mendoza
Author-X-Name-First: Andryu Enrique
Author-X-Name-Last: Mendoza
Author-Name: Yenny Andrea Marín Salazar
Author-X-Name-First: Yenny Andrea
Author-X-Name-Last: Marín Salazar
Author-Name: Thomas Esch
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas
Author-X-Name-Last: Esch
Author-Name: Andrew J. Tatem
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Tatem
Author-Name: Mariana Ospina Bohórquez
Author-X-Name-First: Mariana
Author-X-Name-Last: Ospina Bohórquez
Title: Social cartography and satellite-derived building coverage for post-census population estimates in difficult-to-access regions of Colombia
Abstract:
Effective government services rely on accurate population numbers to allocate resources. In Colombia and globally, census enumeration is challenging in remote regions and where armed conflict is occurring. During census preparations, the Colombian National Administrative Department of Statistics conducted social cartography workshops, where community representatives estimated numbers of dwellings and people throughout their regions. We repurposed this information, combining it with remotely sensed buildings data and other geospatial data. To estimate building counts and population sizes, we developed hierarchical Bayesian models, trained using nearby full-coverage census enumerations and assessed using 10-fold cross-validation. We compared models to assess the relative contributions of community knowledge, remotely sensed buildings, and their combination to model fit. The Community model was unbiased but imprecise; the Satellite model was more precise but biased; and the Combination model was best for overall accuracy. Results reaffirmed the power of remotely sensed buildings data for population estimation and highlighted the value of incorporating local knowledge.
Journal: Population Studies
Pages: 3-20
Issue: 1
Volume: 78
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2023.2190151
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00324728.2023.2190151
File-Format: text/html
File-Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Handle: RePEc:taf:rpstxx:v:78:y:2024:i:1:p:3-20