Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carlos Dionisio Pérez Blanco
Author-X-Name-First: Carlos Dionisio
Author-X-Name-Last: Pérez Blanco
Author-Name: Carlos Mario Gómez Gómez
Author-X-Name-First: Carlos Mario
Author-X-Name-Last: Gómez Gómez
Title: Designing optimum insurance schemes to reduce water overexploitation during drought events: a case study of La Campiña, Guadalquivir River Basin, Spain
Abstract:
In several arid and semi-arid Mediterranean basins, water
deficits in irrigated agriculture during drought events are relieved by
illegal abstractions from aquifers. Illegal abstractions are largely
tolerated by the authorities and are regarded by farmers as a reliable and
inexpensive form of insurance against drought. This framework of illegal
abstractions is responsible for the structural water deficit that is
characteristic of many Southern European regions. The situation is
changing with the implementation of River Basin Management Plans and
Drought Management Plans, which demand improvement in the quantitative and
qualitative status of water bodies, improved surveillance of groundwater
resources and more rigorous sanctions for illegal groundwater
abstractions. However, these plans raise distribution and equity issues
and may not be sufficient to stop illegal abstractions in certain areas.
Provided that the new framework is properly enforced, private drought
insurance has the potential to stabilise income levels and reduce the
incentives for overexploitation during drought events. This paper develops
a methodology to estimate the basic risk premium and the potential water
savings of private drought insurance. This methodology is based on
concatenated stochastic models (rainfall-stock), a decision model and
agronomic production functions, and is illustrated through the application
of the model in the La Campiña agricultural district in the Guadalquivir
River Basin, Spain.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 1-15
Issue: 1
Volume: 2
Year: 2013
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2012.745232
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2012.745232
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:2:y:2013:i:1:p:1-15
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andreas Freytag
Author-X-Name-First: Andreas
Author-X-Name-Last: Freytag
Author-Name: Christoph Vietze
Author-X-Name-First: Christoph
Author-X-Name-Last: Vietze
Title: Can nature promote development? The role of sustainable tourism for economic growth
Abstract:
In this paper, we analyse whether biodiversity can enhance
the developmental process in developing countries (DCs) by increasing
tourism receipts in a trade-based endogenous growth framework. The model
is based on the underlying assumption that a rich biodiversity provides a
comparative advantage in sustainable tourism services. The empirical
evidence shows that biodiversity while being significantly and positively
correlated with inbound tourism receipts has no significant effect on
tourist arrivals (mass tourism). This suggests that the biodiversity
endowment of a very country is an important precondition for sustainable
tourism. Moreover, we empirically show that specialising in sustainable
tourism promotes economic growth. Therefore, a promising development
strategy can rests on the investment into biodiversity which attracts
high-budget tourists.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 16-44
Issue: 1
Volume: 2
Year: 2013
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2012.754611
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2012.754611
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:2:y:2013:i:1:p:16-44
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Michael Ahlheim
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Ahlheim
Author-Name: Tobias Börger
Author-X-Name-First: Tobias
Author-X-Name-Last: Börger
Author-Name: Oliver Frör
Author-X-Name-First: Oliver
Author-X-Name-Last: Frör
Title: The effects of extrinsic incentives on respondent behaviour in contingent valuation studies
Abstract:
In contingent valuation studies to assess the economic value
of environmental goods, respondents are often given small presents or
money amounts at the beginning of the interview to compensate them for
their time spent on the survey and to encourage them to be conscientious
when answering the questions. Yet, it is still an open question whether
this practice biases contingent valuation survey responses, especially
stated willingness to pay (WTP) for the respective environmental good.
This study employs a set of field experiments to investigate the effect of
respondent incentives in the form of monetary and in-kind gifts on
responses in a contingent valuation survey. It is analysed how these
different kinds of incentives affect (1) respondents' diligence when
answering contingent valuation method questions, (2) the likelihood of a
respondent to state a positive WTP and (3) the amount of stated WTP.
Results show that with respect to raising respondents' diligence in the
survey interview, a moderate monetary incentive is most effective. The
results regarding the effect on WTP statements are less clear. While the
likelihood to state a positive WTP is increased by most incentives, mean
WTP estimates are virtually unaffected.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 45-70
Issue: 1
Volume: 2
Year: 2013
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2012.754612
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2012.754612
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:2:y:2013:i:1:p:45-70
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maria Kopsakangas-Savolainen
Author-X-Name-First: Maria
Author-X-Name-Last: Kopsakangas-Savolainen
Author-Name: Artti Juutinen
Author-X-Name-First: Artti
Author-X-Name-Last: Juutinen
Title: Energy consumption and savings: A survey-based study of Finnish households
Abstract:
Energy has moved to the forefront in societal and economic
development. Our homes and real estate are more and more dependent on
electricity. In order to reach the full potential for new
consumer-oriented market mechanisms and in order to fulfil climate policy
targets we need more information on consumers' behaviour and attitudes
towards energy. This paper uses a survey to examine the attitudes and
behaviour of households' energy-related issues. The analytical framework
used is based on ordered choice and probability models. The objective is
to identify households' characteristics that affect energy consumption and
savings, attitudes towards climate change and conservation of natural
resources, and the importance of municipal energy-related issues.
According to the results, the importance of reduction in electricity
consumption is positively correlated with attitudes towards mitigation of
climate change and importance of renewable energy. Heating system of
residence, income, and gender affect attitude and behaviour.
Interestingly, the higher the income the less important is electricity
reduction. Women have changed their behaviour in order to reduce
electricity consumption more than men. Utilising this information it is
possible for society to build efficient mechanisms, such as real-time
pricing, through which we can affect consumers' energy-related behaviour
and give incentives for energy savings and efficiency. One interesting
result is also that over 80% of the respondents view municipalities'
energy efficiency as very important.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 71-92
Issue: 1
Volume: 2
Year: 2013
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2012.755758
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2012.755758
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:2:y:2013:i:1:p:71-92
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Scott G. Cole
Author-X-Name-First: Scott G.
Author-X-Name-Last: Cole
Title: Equity over efficiency: a problem of credibility in scaling resource-based compensation?
Abstract:
Resource-based compensation aims to offset the public's
welfare loss associated with environmental or resource injuries.
Compensatory payments are frequently scaled using Equivalency Analysis
(EA). EA's focus on ensuring equity in utility terms for the victim may
lead to an inefficient outcome for society as it fails to incorporate the
social opportunity cost of the compensatory payment. An alternative
scaling approach based on Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) may better address
the trade-offs facing society by considering the social marginal benefits
of additional compensation, which may be a function of the cost of
provision and the quality or quantity of existing resources. A simple
numerical model illustrates differences in scaling approaches and
underlying assumptions. In contrast to EA, CBA suggests that the optimal
compensatory payment may be positive, zero or negative (i.e. additional
damage should be allowed). EA need not lead to a decline in welfare if the
environmental injury or the costs of compensation are marginal, or if
policy makers have a particular welfare function in mind vis-a-vis the
polluter. The lack of credible methods for pricing non-market resources
may lead to a preference by policy makers for the equity-focused EA
approach rather than one aiming for socially efficient outcomes. Both
methods require inevitable value judgments to determine whether society
is, in fact, 'no worse off' after compensation has been paid. EA seems in
conflict with governments' otherwise increasing, but still limited use of
environmental CBA to direct scarce conservation resources - in this case,
collected from the polluter on the public's behalf - to a variety of
environmental challenges.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 93-117
Issue: 1
Volume: 2
Year: 2013
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2013.764616
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2013.764616
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:2:y:2013:i:1:p:93-117
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David C. Kingsley
Author-X-Name-First: David C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Kingsley
Author-Name: Thomas C. Brown
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Brown
Title: Estimating willingness to accept using paired comparison choice experiments: tests of robustness
Abstract:
Paired comparison (PC) choice experiments offer researchers
and policy-makers an alternative nonmarket valuation method particularly
apt when a ranking of the public's priorities across policy alternatives
is paramount. Similar to contingent valuation, PC choice experiments
estimate the total value associated with a specific environmental good or
service. Similar to choice experiments, the questions posed to respondents
are choices between alternatives. In contrast to both methods, respondents
in PC choice experiments make choices between pairs of dissimilar
alternatives including private goods, public goods, and monetary amounts.
The alternatives may include competing policy alternatives, thus providing
a ranking of the public's priorities among those alternatives. We
investigate the robustness of estimated welfare measures to econometric
modelling and choice set composition across two PC choice experiments.
Results suggest that accounting for repeated observations increases the
efficiency of welfare estimates but also reveals, contrary to previous
research, sensitivity to choice set composition. Thus, while PC choice
experiments may be advantageous in certain situations the results
presented here suggest that further research is needed to better
understand the sensitivities of the resulting welfare estimates.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 119-132
Issue: 2
Volume: 2
Year: 2013
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2013.775602
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2013.775602
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:2:y:2013:i:2:p:119-132
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bénédicte Rulleau
Author-X-Name-First: Bénédicte
Author-X-Name-Last: Rulleau
Author-Name: Hélène Rey-Valette
Author-X-Name-First: Hélène
Author-X-Name-Last: Rey-Valette
Title: Valuing the benefits of beach protection measures in the face of climate change: a French case-study
Abstract:
The objective of this article is to increase knowledge of the
understanding, expectations, preferences and behaviour concerning beach
functions and adaptation measures addressing increasing beach
vulnerability due to climate change. Surveys were carried out on 881
full-time and secondary residents, tourists and day trippers affected by
the maintenance and protection of beaches within a pilot zone in the
French Mediterranean. A contingent valuation method was used, based on a
scenario which put the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
hypotheses into context. Various questions elucidated uses and practices,
perceptions of risk and preferences concerning management and allowed the
estimation of willingness to pay. The latter showed the relative
significance of perception variables compared to economic characteristics.
Over and above perception differences between sub-populations, this
finding is crucial for the development of adaptation policies.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 133-147
Issue: 2
Volume: 2
Year: 2013
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2013.776213
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2013.776213
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:2:y:2013:i:2:p:133-147
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Virpi Lehtoranta
Author-X-Name-First: Virpi
Author-X-Name-Last: Lehtoranta
Author-Name: Elina Seppälä
Author-X-Name-First: Elina
Author-X-Name-Last: Seppälä
Author-Name: Anna-Kaisa Kosenius
Author-X-Name-First: Anna-Kaisa
Author-X-Name-Last: Kosenius
Title: Willingness to pay for water level regulation in Lake Pielinen, Finland
Abstract:
Water environments provide many benefits for humans. In
Finland, thousands of inland lakes serve a very rich and important
environment for many activities and a number of ecosystem services. These
services can be threatened due to other human activities but also for
natural reasons. The natural fluctuation of water level in Lake Pielinen,
the largest non-regulated lake in Finland, damages occupational,
recreational and housing possibilities. This paper focuses on the
examination of the local households' attitudes, opinions and willingness
to pay (WTP) for water level regulation at optimum level for recreational
purposes in the summertime. The related economic benefits are analysed by
applying the contingent valuation (CV) method. The logistic regression
model and a variant of the Tobit model are used in the econometric
analyses. The results show that WTP increases with higher income, youth,
living near the shore, having a boat, being aware of the regulation plans
and having no difficulties with the questions. The aggregate WTP of the
local population is approximately EUR 0.24-0.44 million. The attitudinal
results reveal a strong local interest in the regulation of Lake Pielinen.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 148-163
Issue: 2
Volume: 2
Year: 2013
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2013.764615
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2013.764615
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:2:y:2013:i:2:p:148-163
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carsten L. Jensen
Author-X-Name-First: Carsten L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Jensen
Author-Name: Brian H. Jacobsen
Author-X-Name-First: Brian H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Jacobsen
Author-Name: Søren B. Olsen
Author-X-Name-First: Søren B.
Author-X-Name-Last: Olsen
Author-Name: Alex Dubgaard
Author-X-Name-First: Alex
Author-X-Name-Last: Dubgaard
Author-Name: Berit Hasler
Author-X-Name-First: Berit
Author-X-Name-Last: Hasler
Title: A practical CBA-based screening procedure for identification of river basins where the costs of fulfilling the WFD requirements may be disproportionate - applied to the case of Denmark
Abstract:
The European Union's (EU) Water Framework Directive (WFD) is
implemented as an instrument to obtain good ecological status in
waterbodies of Europe. The directive recognises the need to accommodate
social and economic considerations to obtain cost-effective implementation
of the directive. In particular, EU member states can apply for various
exemptions from the objectives if costs are considered disproportionate,
e.g. compared to potential benefits. This paper addresses the costs and
benefits of achieving good ecological status and demonstrates a
methodology designed to investigate disproportionate costs at the national
level. Specifically, we propose to use a screening procedure based on a
relatively conservative cost-benefit analysis (CBA) as a first step
towards identifying areas where costs could be disproportionate. We
provide an empirical example by applying the proposed screening procedure
to a total of 23 river basin areas in Denmark where costs and benefits are
estimated for each of the areas. The results suggest that costs could be
disproportionate in several Danish river basins. The sensitivity analysis
further helps to pinpoint two or three basins where we suggest that much
more detailed and elaborate CBAs should be targeted in order to properly
ascertain whether costs are indeed disproportionate.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 164-200
Issue: 2
Volume: 2
Year: 2013
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2013.785676
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2013.785676
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:2:y:2013:i:2:p:164-200
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alexandra Dehnhardt
Author-X-Name-First: Alexandra
Author-X-Name-Last: Dehnhardt
Title: Decision-makers' attitudes towards economic valuation - a case study of German water management authorities
Abstract:
The EC Water Framework Directive and more explicitly the EC
Marine Strategy Framework Directive has brought new requirements of
integrating economic approaches into policy-making. The primary aim of the
study is to gain a greater insight into the factors that might influence
the use and acceptance of cost-benefit analysis (CBA) and economic
valuation in water policy-making. In this context, particularly, attitudes
towards economic valuation have been established as an explanatory factor.
The paper presents results of an empirical survey among decision-makers in
German water authorities. The study confirms that water-related decisions
in Germany are still based primarily on budget costs, but also indicates a
rather positive attitude towards economic valuation. The results suggest
that conceptual issues are considered as most important, whereas resource
constraints are not predominantly regarded as important obstacles for the
application of CBA in the administrative context. Furthermore, an
exploratory factor analysis derived three 'latent' variables that are
related to (i) the usefulness of CBA as a decision-support tool, (ii) the
administrative feasibility, and (iii) the policy-makers' goals and
interest potentially affected by the use of CBA. The results of an OLS
regression model suggest that particularly the institutional affiliation
has a significant influence on the attitudes.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 201-221
Issue: 2
Volume: 2
Year: 2013
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2013.766483
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2013.766483
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:2:y:2013:i:2:p:201-221
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Alberto M. Zanni
Author-X-Name-First: Alberto M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Zanni
Author-Name: Abigail L. Bristow
Author-X-Name-First: Abigail L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Bristow
Author-Name: Mark Wardman
Author-X-Name-First: Mark
Author-X-Name-Last: Wardman
Title: The potential behavioural effect of personal carbon trading: results from an experimental survey
Abstract:
This paper contributes to the debate on the effectiveness of
carbon trading schemes when contrasted with carbon taxes in reducing
environmental externalities. An experimental survey explored individual's
behavioural response to a personal carbon trading (PCT) scheme or a carbon
tax (CT), both affecting personal transport and domestic energy choices.
Responses were two-staged: first, whether to change behaviour or not, and
second, how much to change. Results from the first stage indicate that
those on high incomes and car users were less likely to change their
behaviour, while those who had already changed their behaviour due to
concern about climate change, lived in larger households or faced the CT
were more likely to change. The second stage revealed fewer significant
effects, the impact of already changing behaviour persisted and, in this
case, those who faced PCT were likely to make greater changes. Both
schemes appear to be capable of reducing individual carbon consumption;
however, the evidence on the effectiveness of a PCT relative to a simpler
CT is mixed and insufficient to make a strong case for such a complex
scheme over a more straightforward tax.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 222-243
Issue: 2
Volume: 2
Year: 2013
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2013.782471
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2013.782471
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:2:y:2013:i:2:p:222-243
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Eleni Fimereli
Author-X-Name-First: Eleni
Author-X-Name-Last: Fimereli
Author-Name: Susana Mourato
Author-X-Name-First: Susana
Author-X-Name-Last: Mourato
Title: Assessing the effect of energy technology labels on preferences
Abstract:
This paper investigates the effect of using
labelled versus generic unlabelled
alternatives in choice experiments (CEs) in the case of a
multidimensional environmental good (power generation) that is often
associated with strong prior beliefs and emotions. Specifically, it
assesses the effect of naming selected low-carbon energy technologies on
the underlying choices, the implicit prices for the technology attributes
and the total economic values attached to their environmental benefits.
Our findings are only mildly suggestive of a labelling effect where
respondents employ different processing strategies when confronted with
labels, focusing principally on the label and/or considering attributes
differently. In the case of power generation, the use of labelled
alternatives led to significantly different estimated attribute
parameters; in contrast, most implicit prices remained undistinguishable
and computed welfare measures were found to be statistically equivalent.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 245-265
Issue: 3
Volume: 2
Year: 2013
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2013.801183
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2013.801183
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:2:y:2013:i:3:p:245-265
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yong Jiang
Author-X-Name-First: Yong
Author-X-Name-Last: Jiang
Author-Name: Won W. Koo
Author-X-Name-First: Won W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Koo
Title: Estimating regional agricultural supply of greenhouse gas abatements by land-based biological carbon sequestration: a Bayesian sampling-based simulation approach
Abstract:
In this study, we develop a sampling-based simulation
approach for estimating regional agricultural supply of greenhouse gas
(GHG) emission abatements by land-based biological carbon sequestration.
We explicitly consider producer behaviour in a market setting that would
pay for carbon sequestration depending on current land use and management,
target practice to be adopted and spatial location. We construct a
behaviour model in the benefit-cost framework to characterise producer
decision in relation to preferences and production attributes. We combine
the Markov Chain Monte Carlo technique and choice modelling in a Bayesian
setting to develop an empirical procedure that may be calibrated by
observed producer behaviour and agricultural census data and that can
simulate regional agricultural carbon sequestration by sampling individual
preferences and production attributes. An empirical application of our
approach depicts potential agricultural supply of GHG abatements by carbon
sequestration in a production region in the USA. This approach is flexible
to be applied to different regions with minimum information requirement
while accounting for spatial heterogeneity of both preferences and
production.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 266-287
Issue: 3
Volume: 2
Year: 2013
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2013.806041
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2013.806041
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:2:y:2013:i:3:p:266-287
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sarah Al Doyaili
Author-X-Name-First: Sarah
Author-X-Name-Last: Al Doyaili
Author-Name: Leo Wangler
Author-X-Name-First: Leo
Author-X-Name-Last: Wangler
Title: International climate policy: does it matter? An empirical assessment
Abstract:
This paper is about the impact of international climate
policy on greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction. We focus on the time
before the official GHG emission reduction phase according to Kyoto
(before 2008) and the hard and soft law elements of the agreement. We find
that expectations on future GHG emission reduction had significant impacts
on climate policies by studying the relationship between GHG emission
reduction and stages of the Kyoto Protocol process (signing, ratification,
entry into force). This observation applies to Annex I and non-Annex I
countries. Moreover, approaching ratification, the initially observed
difference between both country groups becomes less significant.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 288-302
Issue: 3
Volume: 2
Year: 2013
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2013.812527
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2013.812527
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:2:y:2013:i:3:p:288-302
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ram Ranjan
Author-X-Name-First: Ram
Author-X-Name-Last: Ranjan
Title: The role of credit in enhancing drought resilience in agriculture
Abstract:
Credit constraints can undermine livelihood sustenance
strategies of farmers faced with prolonged droughts. Marginal farmers with
low wealth endowments could be especially vulnerable. The model developed
in this paper explores the role of credit in enhancing long-term drought
resilience. When repeated droughts increase reliance upon groundwater
resources, credit availability may promote or undermine groundwater
sustainability. Timely availability of credit can be used for water-saving
technology adoption and towards maintaining minimum consumption levels
during drought years. It is demonstrated here that high costs of credit
coupled with a high risk of repeated droughts occurring in the future
could be detrimental to groundwater sustainability. This is counter to the
earlier findings in the literature that cheap credit could be damaging to
groundwater sustainability. The duration to credit maturity also has a
bearing on farmers' groundwater extraction strategies and hence there
could be a role for credit granting financial institutions in influencing
sustainable outcomes. Specifically, medium-term loans have a better effect
on groundwater sustainability as compared to long-term loans.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 303-327
Issue: 3
Volume: 2
Year: 2013
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2013.827591
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2013.827591
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:2:y:2013:i:3:p:303-327
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lotte Ovaere
Author-X-Name-First: Lotte
Author-X-Name-Last: Ovaere
Author-Name: Stef Proost
Author-X-Name-First: Stef
Author-X-Name-Last: Proost
Author-Name: Sandra Rousseau
Author-X-Name-First: Sandra
Author-X-Name-Last: Rousseau
Title: The choice of environmental regulatory enforcement by lobby groups
Abstract:
Across countries and regions, we observe wide variations in
the level of enforcement instruments (fines and inspections) that are used
to reach compliance with environmental regulations. In this paper, we
study whether the differences in enforcement policies can be justified
from an efficiency perspective, and if not, whether they favour the
interests of certain lobby groups. We develop a theoretical model to
derive the preferred enforcement policy, which is characterised from a
global efficiency point of view and also from the point of view of
different interest groups. Also, we explicitly allow for a non-linear
deterrence effect of fines. We find that, despite the regulatory costs,
green interest groups generally favour more stringent enforcement
strategies with high fines and high inspection frequencies, while brown
interest groups prefer laxer enforcement strategies.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 328-347
Issue: 3
Volume: 2
Year: 2013
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2013.836136
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2013.836136
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:2:y:2013:i:3:p:328-347
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Julia Blasch
Author-X-Name-First: Julia
Author-X-Name-Last: Blasch
Author-Name: Mehdi Farsi
Author-X-Name-First: Mehdi
Author-X-Name-Last: Farsi
Title: Context effects and heterogeneity in voluntary carbon offsetting - a choice experiment in Switzerland
Abstract:
Voluntary carbon offsets allow individuals to neutralise the
CO emissions from
their consumption. In a choice experiment among more than a thousand Swiss
consumers, we analyse how the propensity to offset varies with consumption
contexts and offset project attributes. The adopted latent class model
accounts for heterogeneity in consumers' preferences and in their
motivations to buy carbon offsets. We find that consumers are not only
responsive to project type and quality aspects - such as government
certification - but also to the consumption context. Our results suggest
that carbon offsets are perceived as differentiated rather than
homogeneous goods. Estimating a single willingness to pay measure for
offsets, as previous studies have done, may thus be misleading. To
complement our analysis, we provide a characterisation of offset customers
as well as insights into the relationship between carbon offsetting and
other voluntary mitigation behaviour.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 1-24
Issue: 1
Volume: 3
Year: 2014
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2013.842938
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2013.842938
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:3:y:2014:i:1:p:1-24
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nils Chr. Framstad
Author-X-Name-First: Nils Chr.
Author-X-Name-Last: Framstad
Title: When can the environmental profile and emissions reduction be optimised independently of the pollutant level?
Abstract:
Consider a model for optimal timing of a policy measure which changes the
emission rate, e.g. trading off the cost of reduction against the
time-additive aggregate of environmental damage, the disutility from the
pollutant stock the
infrastructure contributes to. Intuitively, the optimal timing for an
infinitesimal pollution source should reasonably not
depend on its historical contribution to the stock, as this is negligible.
Dropping the size assumption, we show how to reduce the minimisation
problem to one not depending on the history of
, under linear
evolution and suitable linearity or additivity conditions on the damage
functional. We employ a functional analysis framework which allows for
delay equations, non-Markovian driving noise, a choice between discrete
and continuous time, and a menu of integral concepts covering stochastic
calculi less frequently used in resource and environmental economics.
Examples are given under the common (Markovian Itô) stochastic
analysis framework.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 25-45
Issue: 1
Volume: 3
Year: 2014
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2013.856353
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2013.856353
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:3:y:2014:i:1:p:25-45
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ivana Logar
Author-X-Name-First: Ivana
Author-X-Name-Last: Logar
Author-Name: Jeroen C.J.M. van den Bergh
Author-X-Name-First: Jeroen C.J.M.
Author-X-Name-Last: van den Bergh
Title: Economic valuation of preventing beach erosion: comparing existing and non-existing beach markets with stated and revealed preferences
Abstract:
Predicted climate change is likely to increase beach erosion in the
future, inducing higher costs of beach maintenance. Hence, additional
funds for their protection will be required. We examine the willingness to
pay (WTP) of beach visitors for preventing beach erosion in the form of
daily beach entrance fees in Crikvenica, Croatia, by applying the
contingent valuation method. This is the first beach valuation study for
this country in transition which has emerged as an important Mediterranean
tourist destination. The novelty of our study is that it compares WTP
estimates for an existing and a non-existing beach market. This is done by
conducting a survey at the beach where an entrance fee is already levied
and at the nearest open-access beach. Based on the initial (follow-up)
valuation question, the stated WTP per adult per day for avoiding beach
erosion equals €1.69 (€1.26) for the paid beach and €2.08
(€1.84) for the free beach. In addition, the travel cost method is
employed. It reveals that consumer surpluses for visiting the paid and the
free beach amount to €2.57 and €1.74, respectively.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 46-66
Issue: 1
Volume: 3
Year: 2014
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2013.863742
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2013.863742
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:3:y:2014:i:1:p:46-66
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Olivier Chanel
Author-X-Name-First: Olivier
Author-X-Name-Last: Chanel
Author-Name: Stéphane Luchini
Author-X-Name-First: Stéphane
Author-X-Name-Last: Luchini
Title: Monetary values for risk of death from air pollution exposure: a context-dependent scenario with a control for intra-familial altruism
Abstract:
We extend the individual dynamic model of lifetime resource allocation to
assess the monetary value given to the increase in survival probabilities
for every member of a household induced by improved air quality. We
interpret this monetary value as VPF (value of a prevented fatality),
which can also be expressed as a flow of discounted VOLY (value of life
years) lost, and account for potential altruism towards other household
members. We use a French air pollution contingent valuation survey that
provides a description of the life-length reduction implied by a change in
air pollution exposure. By privatising the public commodity air pollution,
we succeed in ruling out any form of altruism (towards others living today
and towards future generations) except altruism towards one's family. We
estimate a mean VOLY of €2001140,000, a 30% premium for
VOLY in perfect health w.r.t. average expected health status, and a mean
VPF of €20011.45 million for the respondent, all
context-specific. In addition, we find an inverted U-shaped relationship
between his/her age and VOLY/VPF, and significant benevolence only towards
children under 18.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 67-91
Issue: 1
Volume: 3
Year: 2014
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2013.863743
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2013.863743
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:3:y:2014:i:1:p:67-91
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Piia Aatola
Author-X-Name-First: Piia
Author-X-Name-Last: Aatola
Author-Name: Kimmo Ollikka
Author-X-Name-First: Kimmo
Author-X-Name-Last: Ollikka
Author-Name: Markku Ollikainen
Author-X-Name-First: Markku
Author-X-Name-Last: Ollikainen
Title: Informational efficiency of the EU ETS market - a study of price predictability and profitable trading
Abstract:
We study the informational efficiency of the European Emissions Trading
Scheme, EU ETS market, by simulating the trading in this emerging market.
If the market is efficient, profitable trading should only exist locally
in time. We adopt the Timmermann and Granger (2004) definition of
efficiency and run a large set of econometric, technical analysis and
combined models to forecast the emissions allowance price changes. These
forecasts are then used as trading signals in the trading simulation. We
find that the combined models outperform the other models in forecasting
ability. Trading simulation based on models combining time series and
technical analysis trading rules shows that there have been possibilities
for profitable trading in the EU ETS market during the study period of
2008-2010. This suggests that the EU ETS market shows periods with no
informational efficiency.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 92-123
Issue: 1
Volume: 3
Year: 2014
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2013.865569
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2013.865569
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:3:y:2014:i:1:p:92-123
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jarod Dunn
Author-X-Name-First: Jarod
Author-X-Name-Last: Dunn
Author-Name: Arthur J. Caplan
Author-X-Name-First: Arthur J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Caplan
Author-Name: Ryan Bosworth
Author-X-Name-First: Ryan
Author-X-Name-Last: Bosworth
Title: Measuring the value of plastic and reusable grocery bags
Abstract:
Using data from an online survey of grocery store customers in Logan,
Utah, we estimate willingness to pay (WTP) for continued use of plastic
grocery bags, and willingness to accept (WTA) for switching to reusable
grocery bags. We find evidence to suggest that, on average, individuals
have a greater aversion to plastic-bag taxes than an affinity for
reusable-bag subsidies. All else equal, older and lower-to-middle-income
individuals, as well as larger-sized households, are more likely to switch
to using reusable bags exclusively when faced with a tax on plastic bags.
Lower-to-middle-income individuals, as well as women in general, are more
likely to switch away from using plastic bags when provided with a subsidy
for reusable bags. Our results help quantify the extent to which
plastic-bag taxation and reusable-bag subsidisation might induce shoppers
to switch from plastic to reusable bags for their grocery trips.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 125-147
Issue: 2
Volume: 3
Year: 2014
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2013.870052
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2013.870052
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:3:y:2014:i:2:p:125-147
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jurate Jaraite
Author-X-Name-First: Jurate
Author-X-Name-Last: Jaraite
Author-Name: Andrius Kazukauskas
Author-X-Name-First: Andrius
Author-X-Name-Last: Kazukauskas
Author-Name: Tommy Lundgren
Author-X-Name-First: Tommy
Author-X-Name-Last: Lundgren
Title: The effects of climate policy on environmental expenditure and investment: evidence from Sweden
Abstract:
This study provides new evidence on the determinants of environmental
expenditure and investment. In
particular, it investigates how environmental expenditure and investment
of Swedish industrial firms responded to climate policies, such as the
European Union's Emission Trading System (EU ETS) and the Swedish
CO2 tax, directed to mitigate air pollution. Overall, an
important conclusion of this analysis is that climate policies, both on
the national and international levels, were highly relevant motivations
for firm environmental expenditure. However, the findings
do not support the expectations that the EU ETS and the Swedish
CO2 tax encouraged investment in air pollution
abatement.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 148-166
Issue: 2
Volume: 3
Year: 2014
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2013.875948
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2013.875948
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:3:y:2014:i:2:p:148-166
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Edward B. Barbier
Author-X-Name-First: Edward B.
Author-X-Name-Last: Barbier
Author-Name: Brian S. Enchelmeyer
Author-X-Name-First: Brian S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Enchelmeyer
Title: Valuing the storm surge protection service of US Gulf Coast wetlands
Abstract:
Current plans for US Gulf Coast wetland restoration assume that wetlands
can save lives and property by reducing storm surges. However, there have
been few economic valuations of this benefit for Gulf Coast wetlands. We
develop a methodology for estimating the value of wetlands in reducing
expected property damages from hurricane flooding that relates damages to
the distribution of storm events and incorporates both the wetland
characteristics of wave attenuation and offshore storm surge properties.
We apply this methodology to value the storm surge protection service of
coastal marshes, in terms of reducing expected property damages, along the
path of a storm south-east Louisiana, which includes New Orleans. We
conclude by discussing the implications of this analysis for further
research on the economic value of wetlands in protecting coastal property
and for restoration policy.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 167-185
Issue: 2
Volume: 3
Year: 2014
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2013.876370
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2013.876370
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:3:y:2014:i:2:p:167-185
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pierre-Alexandre Mahieu
Author-X-Name-First: Pierre-Alexandre
Author-X-Name-Last: Mahieu
Author-Name: Pere Riera
Author-X-Name-First: Pere
Author-X-Name-Last: Riera
Author-Name: Bengt Kriström
Author-X-Name-First: Bengt
Author-X-Name-Last: Kriström
Author-Name: Runar Brännlund
Author-X-Name-First: Runar
Author-X-Name-Last: Brännlund
Author-Name: Marek Giergiczny
Author-X-Name-First: Marek
Author-X-Name-Last: Giergiczny
Title: Exploring the determinants of uncertainty in contingent valuation surveys
Abstract:
This paper uses the interval data model to explore the determinants of
uncertainty in two-way payment ladder and in multiple-bounded uncertainty
choice surveys. It estimates the uncertainty function that relates the
size of the willingness-to-pay range to explanatory variables, where one
of them is a proxy of the actual willingness-to-pay. The combination of
the interval data model and the inclusion of the proxy variable present
some advantages over the ordinary least square estimations currently used
in the literature. In particular, it reduces the risk of the omitted
variable bias and it takes into account that the dependent variable is not
fully observed.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 186-200
Issue: 2
Volume: 3
Year: 2014
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2013.876941
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2013.876941
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:3:y:2014:i:2:p:186-200
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Eleftherios Giovanis
Author-X-Name-First: Eleftherios
Author-X-Name-Last: Giovanis
Title: Relationship between well-being and recycling rates: evidence from life satisfaction approach in Britain
Abstract:
This study explores the relationship between self-reported well-being and
recycling rates. The estimates are based on Britain using data from the
British Household Panel Survey. The effects of recycling rates on
individuals' happiness are estimated. Two approaches are followed. The
first approach refers to panel probit-ordinary least squares (OLS). The
second approach is the latent class generalised ordered probit. The
results support that a significant positive relationship between
self-reported well-being and recycling is presented.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 201-214
Issue: 2
Volume: 3
Year: 2014
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.883941
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2014.883941
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:3:y:2014:i:2:p:201-214
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anja Weber
Author-X-Name-First: Anja
Author-X-Name-Last: Weber
Title: Does transaction costs expense create transaction gains for farmers participating in an agri-environmental scheme?
Abstract:
Participating in agri-environmental schemes (AES) induces transaction
costs for farmers, originating from time and money spent on tasks related
to participation. High transaction costs may inhibit scheme participation,
which would endanger the environmental goals aspired. To date, farmers'
transaction costs have been investigated from a cost-minimising
perspective, implying fixed gains from participation. Nonetheless,
participation contracts may contain negotiable parts. In such a case,
especially, cost-constituting tasks undertaken by farmers' own attempts
could serve gain-maximising: Farmers can utilise additional information to
increase their transactional gain, namely the payment. This paper
addresses this question by investigating transaction costs of farmers
participating in a site-specific grassland extensification scheme in
Hesse, Germany, which contains negotiable features. Upon insights from
information economics and transaction cost economics, the study discusses
possible gains and tests the impact of farm and scheme-related features on
both absolute and relative transaction costs, the latter conceptualised as
payment/total transaction costs ratio. Results reveal that a higher
transaction costs expense goes in line with a lower payment/transaction
costs ratio; however, higher transaction costs expense predominates for
particular farms features indicating dependency on AES income. Thus,
voluntary transaction cost expenses seem to serve as a safeguard for
securing participation-related income.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 215-236
Issue: 2
Volume: 3
Year: 2014
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.886530
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2014.886530
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:3:y:2014:i:2:p:215-236
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rachel M. Bristol
Author-X-Name-First: Rachel M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Bristol
Author-Name: Iain Fraser
Author-X-Name-First: Iain
Author-X-Name-Last: Fraser
Author-Name: Jim J. Groombridge
Author-X-Name-First: Jim J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Groombridge
Author-Name: Diogo Veríssimo
Author-X-Name-First: Diogo
Author-X-Name-Last: Veríssimo
Title: An economic analysis of species conservation and translocation for island communities: the Seychelles paradise flycatchers as a case study
Abstract:
In this paper we introduce a methodology for assessing the economic
justification for translocation-conservation programmes for critically
endangered species. We demonstrate our methodology by presenting an
economic analysis of the critically endangered Seychelles paradise
flycatcher (Terpsiphone corvina) (hereafter SPF). To do
this we first estimated the critical amenity value of the forest that
currently supports the SPF. Results support the maintenance of the forest,
which in turn implies that the existing population of SPF needs to be
protected so as to achieve species conservation objectives. Next we
conducted a benefit-cost analysis of the translocation, showing that the
development of a second population yields net economic benefits. By
employing the methodology presented we can conclude that our analysis
indicates that current conservation and translocation actions to support
the SPF are economically justified.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 237-252
Issue: 3
Volume: 3
Year: 2014
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.886531
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2014.886531
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:3:y:2014:i:3:p:237-252
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Godwin Kofi Vondolia
Author-X-Name-First: Godwin Kofi
Author-X-Name-Last: Vondolia
Author-Name: Håkan Eggert
Author-X-Name-First: Håkan
Author-X-Name-Last: Eggert
Author-Name: Ståle Navrud
Author-X-Name-First: Ståle
Author-X-Name-Last: Navrud
Author-Name: Jesper Stage
Author-X-Name-First: Jesper
Author-X-Name-Last: Stage
Title: What do respondents bring to contingent valuation? A comparison of monetary and labour payment vehicles
Abstract:
In the contingent valuation method, both the goods being valued and the
payment vehicles used to value them are mostly hypothetical. However,
although numerous studies have examined the impact of experience with the
good on the willingness to pay, less attention has been given to
experience with the payment vehicles. This paper examines how experience
with payment vehicles influence responses to a contingent valuation
scenario on maintaining irrigation canals in a developing country.
Specifically, the paper uses a split-sample survey to investigate the
effects of experience with monetary and labour payment vehicles on the
acceptance of a contingent valuation scenario, protest bids and mean
willingness to pay. Using convergent validity tests, we found that the
experience acquired from using both monetary and labour payment vehicles
reduces the asymmetries in acceptance rates. These findings suggest that
experience with payment vehicles reduces time/money response asymmetries
in the contingent valuation method.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 253-267
Issue: 3
Volume: 3
Year: 2014
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.892034
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2014.892034
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:3:y:2014:i:3:p:253-267
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Douglas Auld
Author-X-Name-First: Douglas
Author-X-Name-Last: Auld
Author-Name: Michael Hoy
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Hoy
Title: An economic model of Adopt-a-Highway programmes
Abstract:
In many jurisdictions around the world there occurs a phenomenon that is
not only unique but defies a simple explanation. This activity involves
the private provision of a public good by individuals, acting in groups,
in response to the illegal actions of other individuals. This private
provision of a public good involves cleaning litter from roads and
highways and manifests itself through an 'Adopt-a-Highway' or road
programme sanctioned by local, state, provincial and even national
governments. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate that there is a
rational economic framework to explain the illegal activity of dumping
waste on a roadside and the response by those who participate in an
Adopt-a-Highway programme. Our model provides a starting point for
considering policies which might enhance the formation and effectiveness
of this volunteer activity.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 268-277
Issue: 3
Volume: 3
Year: 2014
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.899166
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2014.899166
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:3:y:2014:i:3:p:268-277
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Heini Ahtiainen
Author-X-Name-First: Heini
Author-X-Name-Last: Ahtiainen
Author-Name: Janne Artell
Author-X-Name-First: Janne
Author-X-Name-Last: Artell
Author-Name: Mikołaj Czajkowski
Author-X-Name-First: Mikołaj
Author-X-Name-Last: Czajkowski
Author-Name: Berit Hasler
Author-X-Name-First: Berit
Author-X-Name-Last: Hasler
Author-Name: Linus Hasselström
Author-X-Name-First: Linus
Author-X-Name-Last: Hasselström
Author-Name: Anni Huhtala
Author-X-Name-First: Anni
Author-X-Name-Last: Huhtala
Author-Name: Jürgen Meyerhoff
Author-X-Name-First: Jürgen
Author-X-Name-Last: Meyerhoff
Author-Name: James C.R. Smart
Author-X-Name-First: James C.R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Smart
Author-Name: Tore Söderqvist
Author-X-Name-First: Tore
Author-X-Name-Last: Söderqvist
Author-Name: Mohammed H. Alemu
Author-X-Name-First: Mohammed H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Alemu
Author-Name: Daija Angeli
Author-X-Name-First: Daija
Author-X-Name-Last: Angeli
Author-Name: Kim Dahlbo
Author-X-Name-First: Kim
Author-X-Name-Last: Dahlbo
Author-Name: Vivi Fleming-Lehtinen
Author-X-Name-First: Vivi
Author-X-Name-Last: Fleming-Lehtinen
Author-Name: Kari Hyytiäinen
Author-X-Name-First: Kari
Author-X-Name-Last: Hyytiäinen
Author-Name: Aljona Karlõševa
Author-X-Name-First: Aljona
Author-X-Name-Last: Karlõševa
Author-Name: Yulia Khaleeva
Author-X-Name-First: Yulia
Author-X-Name-Last: Khaleeva
Author-Name: Marie Maar
Author-X-Name-First: Marie
Author-X-Name-Last: Maar
Author-Name: Louise Martinsen
Author-X-Name-First: Louise
Author-X-Name-Last: Martinsen
Author-Name: Tea Nõmmann
Author-X-Name-First: Tea
Author-X-Name-Last: Nõmmann
Author-Name: Kristine Pakalniete
Author-X-Name-First: Kristine
Author-X-Name-Last: Pakalniete
Author-Name: Ieva Oskolokaite
Author-X-Name-First: Ieva
Author-X-Name-Last: Oskolokaite
Author-Name: Daiva Semeniene
Author-X-Name-First: Daiva
Author-X-Name-Last: Semeniene
Title: Benefits of meeting nutrient reduction targets for the Baltic Sea - a contingent valuation study in the nine coastal states
Abstract:
This paper presents the results of an internationally coordinated
contingent valuation study on the benefits of reducing marine
eutrophication in the Baltic Sea according to current policy targets. With
over 10,500 respondents from the nine coastal states around the sea, we
examine public willingness to pay (WTP) for reduced eutrophication and its
determinants. There are considerable differences in mean WTP between
countries, with Swedes being willing to pay the most and Latvians the
least. The aggregate annual WTP is approximately €3600 million. In
addition, we find that countries are heterogeneous in terms of the effects
of income, attitudes and familiarity on WTP. Income elasticities of WTP
are below 1 for all countries, ranging between 0.1 and 0.5. Attitudes and
personal experience of eutrophication are important determinants of WTP,
but the specific effects differ between countries. The findings can be
used in economic analyses for the European Union (EU) Marine Strategy
Framework Directive and to justify additional eutrophication reduction
measures in the Baltic Sea.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 278-305
Issue: 3
Volume: 3
Year: 2014
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.901923
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2014.901923
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:3:y:2014:i:3:p:278-305
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Johane Dikgang
Author-X-Name-First: Johane
Author-X-Name-Last: Dikgang
Author-Name: Edwin Muchapondwa
Author-X-Name-First: Edwin
Author-X-Name-Last: Muchapondwa
Title: The economic valuation of nature-based tourism in the South African Kgalagadi area and implications for the Khomani San 'bushmen' community
Abstract:
The economic importance of the various attributes of dryland nature-based
tourism in the Kgalagadi area is generally unknown, as is the distribution
of benefits from such tourism. This study seeks to value selected
attributes of nature-based tourism in the Kgalagadi area by applying the
choice experiment technique and then assessing the potential for
nature-based tourism to contribute to the Khomani San 'bushmen'
livelihoods through a payment for ecosystem services scheme. The values
placed on the attributes by park visitors are estimated using the
conditional logit and random parameter logit models. The visitors prefer
more pristine recreational opportunities, increased chances of seeing
predators and disapprove of granting the local Khomani San communities
access to grazing opportunities inside the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park.
Notably, the marginal willingness to pay for pristine recreational
opportunities across all models ranging from R76.96 (US$9.08) to R177.08
(US$20.88) per trip depending on the type of restrictions imposed. Given
that previous studies report that the Khomani San are willing to accept
reasonable compensation for relevant resource-use restrictions, there is
scope for a payment for ecosystem services scheme where visitors could be
charged additional park entry fees sufficient to compensate the local
communities to accept a restriction of natural resource use in the
Kgalagadi area.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 306-322
Issue: 3
Volume: 3
Year: 2014
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.912594
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2014.912594
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:3:y:2014:i:3:p:306-322
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xavier Garcia
Author-X-Name-First: Xavier
Author-X-Name-Last: Garcia
Title: The value of rehabilitating urban rivers: the Yarqon River (Israel)
Abstract:
Rehabilitating the good ecological status of rivers in urban catchments
can represent a wise decision since it can enhance the provision of
valuable ecosystem services, such as aesthetic appreciation. The higher
prices of houses located closer to rivers are a reflection of the
willingness of households to pay for access to such service. The main
objective of this study was to apply a hedonic pricing analysis to
estimate the benefits generated by this ecosystem service due to the
rehabilitation of the Yarqon River in Israel. During the last two decades,
several projects and actions, such as the discharge of tertiary-quality
effluents, have increased the quantity and quality of the river's water
and improved its ecological state. Using a sample of 883 houses in the
Tel-Aviv Metropolitan Area and selecting a mixed log-level functional form
(R-super-2 = 0.808), it was found that an increase of 1%
in the distance to the Yarqon caused a 0.12% decrease in the price of a
house. Finally, benefits are estimated and compared with the
rehabilitation costs, showing that, even if no other ecosystem services
are considered, the rehabilitation can prove to be beneficial to society.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 323-339
Issue: 3
Volume: 3
Year: 2014
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.923338
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2014.923338
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:3:y:2014:i:3:p:323-339
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rolando Fuentes-Bracamontes
Author-X-Name-First: Rolando
Author-X-Name-Last: Fuentes-Bracamontes
Title: Can electricity reform help Mexico achieve carbon emission reductions?
Abstract:
The energy sector is both a significant contributor to the problem of
climate change and a critical factor in efforts to tackle it. With the use
of a tailor-made system dynamics model, we aim to learn if the
liberalisation of the power sector that has been proposed by recent
changes to the Constitution in Mexico can lead to lower carbon emissions.
This is in line with ecological modernisation's main claim that win-win
opportunities may occur with the restructuring of the economy. However,
our hypothesis is that it is not the simple liberalisation of the
electricity markets which would bring environmental benefits, but some
country-specific set of policies. One of our main findings is that a full
liberalisation scenario would lead to higher carbon emissions as a
consequence of an increase in coal capacity. But when compared to the
initial emission rate prior to the reform and other reform scenarios, this
policy could bring about decreases in carbon emissions. Combining a
climate change instrument, such as a carbon tax, with the liberalisation
process is effective at reducing carbon emissions further, but expensive
in terms of power price hikes, and unnecessary if proper reform settings
are put in place.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 340-358
Issue: 3
Volume: 3
Year: 2014
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.931827
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2014.931827
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:3:y:2014:i:3:p:340-358
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Claudia Kettner
Author-X-Name-First: Claudia
Author-X-Name-Last: Kettner
Author-Name: Daniela Kletzan-Slamanig
Author-X-Name-First: Daniela
Author-X-Name-Last: Kletzan-Slamanig
Author-Name: Angela Köppl
Author-X-Name-First: Angela
Author-X-Name-Last: Köppl
Title: The EU Emission Trading Scheme: sectoral allocation and factors determining emission changes
Abstract:
The European Union (EU) Emission Trading Scheme that covers 50% of EU
greenhouse gas emissions is the biggest cap-and-trade scheme worldwide. In
this article, for three emission-intensive sectors ('power and heat',
'cement and lime' and 'pulp and paper') allocation caps, emission
developments and the main emission drivers are analysed. In order to
assess what drives emissions and whether emission-saving actions were
taken since 2005, a decomposition approach is applied. The analysis
reveals pronounced sectoral disparities indicating some emission-reducing
activities since 2005; for 'electricity and heat' and 'pulp and paper',
these, however, do not deviate from the long-term trend prior to the
introduction of the scheme. The occurrence of low CO2 prices
emphasises the need for adaptation towards a more effective system.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 1-14
Issue: 1
Volume: 4
Year: 2015
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.948492
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2014.948492
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:4:y:2015:i:1:p:1-14
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marieke Franck
Author-X-Name-First: Marieke
Author-X-Name-Last: Franck
Author-Name: Johan Eyckmans
Author-X-Name-First: Johan
Author-X-Name-Last: Eyckmans
Author-Name: Simon De Jaeger
Author-X-Name-First: Simon
Author-X-Name-Last: De Jaeger
Author-Name: Sandra Rousseau
Author-X-Name-First: Sandra
Author-X-Name-Last: Rousseau
Title: Comparing the impact of road noise on property prices in two separated markets
Abstract:
In this paper, we empirically test the stability of valuation estimates of
road traffic noise based on house prices. A hedonic valuation model is
constructed and estimated for two separate housing markets in Belgium. We
estimate noise depreciation sensitivity index (NDSIs) for different
modelling choices for both markets separately, jointly and taking into
account spatial dependency. The results confirm that housing markets are
region-specific and several housing characteristics are valued differently
across regions. The effect of road noise, however, appears to be rather
robust. Thus, the use of NDSI estimates from one region to value traffic
noise in another region seems to be acceptable.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 15-44
Issue: 1
Volume: 4
Year: 2015
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.951399
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2014.951399
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:4:y:2015:i:1:p:15-44
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ruslana Rachel Palatnik
Author-X-Name-First: Ruslana Rachel
Author-X-Name-Last: Palatnik
Author-Name: Paulo Augusto Lourenço Dias Nunes
Author-X-Name-First: Paulo Augusto
Author-X-Name-Last: Lourenço Dias Nunes
Title: Economic valuation of climate change-induced biodiversity impacts on agriculture: results from a macro-economic application to the Mediterranean basin
Abstract:
It is clear that climate change involves changes in temperature and
precipitation and, therefore, directly affects land productivity. However,
this is not the only channel for climatic change to affect agro-systems.
Biodiversity is also subject to climatic change. The present paper
illustrates a unique attempt to economically assess the potential effects
of climate change induced impacts of biodiversity on the agricultural
sector in terms of changes in land productivity, changes in agricultural
output and, ultimately, changes in national GDPs. Economic valuation shows
that climate change induced impacts on biodiversity cause significant
changes in GDP. However, the intensity of these changes varies across the
economies under consideration. Some countries, and respective economies,
show to be less resilient than others and, most of the time, the welfare
changes involved clearly signal the presence of winners and losers. For
example, the majority of non-EU Mediterranean economies are subject to a
negative impact in their national GDP due to climate change-induced
impacts on biodiversity that will be hampering the negative effect of
climatic conditions on agro-ecosystems. These results reiterate the
importance of welfare analyses of climate change-caused impacts on
biodiversity that focus on the redistributive aspects involved with these
impacts.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 45-63
Issue: 1
Volume: 4
Year: 2015
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.963165
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2014.963165
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:4:y:2015:i:1:p:45-63
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Luis Gautier
Author-X-Name-First: Luis
Author-X-Name-Last: Gautier
Title: Horizontal product differentiation and policy adjustment in the presence of abatement subsidies and emission taxes
Abstract:
There are important examples of countries which have implemented policies
to promote pollution abatement activities in sectors characterised by some
degree of product differentiation. This paper examines the role of product
differentiation on optimal policy and industry emissions in a Cournot
oligopoly model in the presence of abatement technology, abatement
subsidies and emission taxes. The analysis indicates that as products
become more differentiated the government can afford a tax increase due to
the presence of subsidies and abatement technology. Additionally, highly
differentiated industries may experience a rapid increase in emissions and
so policies such as research and development (R&D) may be needed to tackle
higher emissions. The government adjusts optimal policy as industries
become more or less pollution-intensive, and the extent of the adjustment
varies across industries characterised by different degrees of product
differentiation. The analysis is potentially relevant to industries where
firms are taking steps to differentiate their products in order to capture
particular market niches, and lower production and abatement costs.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 64-81
Issue: 1
Volume: 4
Year: 2015
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.972467
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2014.972467
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:4:y:2015:i:1:p:64-81
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christopher Bruce
Author-X-Name-First: Christopher
Author-X-Name-Last: Bruce
Author-Name: Jeremy Clark
Author-X-Name-First: Jeremy
Author-X-Name-Last: Clark
Title: Collaborative environmental negotiation with private non-verifiable information: an experimental test
Abstract:
In many cases, governments invite interest groups to use collaborative
negotiation to resolve environmental conflicts. A characteristic of these
negotiations is that the parties lack ex ante information about their
opponents' ordinal and cardinal preferences. We argue in this paper that
most laboratory experiments that have investigated the outcomes of
collaborative negotiation have not taken this information asymmetry into
account fully. In this paper, we introduce private information into an
experimental protocol that we originally employed to investigate
collaborative negotiation with full information. We hypothesise that
making information private will have only a limited effect on subjects'
abilities to reach Pareto-efficient bargains or on the effect that
entitlements will have on the outcome; but that considerations of equity
will become less important. We find evidence to support these hypotheses,
though the effect of entitlements seems more robust under private than
full information.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 82-104
Issue: 1
Volume: 4
Year: 2015
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.972990
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2014.972990
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:4:y:2015:i:1:p:82-104
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul J. Metcalfe
Author-X-Name-First: Paul J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Metcalfe
Author-Name: William Baker
Author-X-Name-First: William
Author-X-Name-Last: Baker
Title: The sensitivity of willingness to pay to an economic downturn
Abstract:
Stated preference studies are typically undertaken at one point in time,
while the results may be relied on in decision-making several months or
even years later. This reliance is only justified if values are stable
over time, an assumption which is doubtable given the onset of an economic
downturn. We assess the reliability of values taken before an economic
downturn for application during the downturn, via analysis of responses to
two near-identical surveys conducted, respectively, before and during the
2008-2010 economic recession. The surveys were valuing near identical sets
of permanent water sector service and environmental improvements. Each
survey employed a dichotomous choice and a payment card contingent
valuation question. Our main result is that the economic downturn led to
lower payment card responses but had no effect on the values elicited via
a dichotomous choice (i.e. referendum-type) contingent valuation question.
We explore potential explanations for this finding in light of the
literature on closed-ended versus open-ended elicitation method
comparisons.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 105-121
Issue: 1
Volume: 4
Year: 2015
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.978821
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2014.978821
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:4:y:2015:i:1:p:105-121
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anne Stenger
Author-X-Name-First: Anne
Author-X-Name-Last: Stenger
Author-Name: Patrice Harou
Author-X-Name-First: Patrice
Author-X-Name-Last: Harou
Title: Special issue on forest investments profitability
Abstract:
In this special issue, a sample of the papers presented and discussions
held are provided. The selected articles are partly presented in the
context of the cost-benefit analysis of forests investments. Public
budgeting process nowadays requires in most countries a thorough economic
analysis of the annual projects and programmes. Forestry institutions are
no exception. However, in the public arena and international
organisations, the records of appropriate cost-benefit of forestry
projects are scant. A recent review of the use of cost-benefit analysis
(CBA) by the Independent Evaluation Group of the World Bank which spread
the use of CBA to justify development projects, shows that the economic
analysis of projects has been diminishing compared to their uses in the
70s. For natural resources, and forestry in particular, the presence of
recognised positive externalities seems to have diminished the reason to
undertake this analysis. In the context of budgeting constraints
encountered by many countries following the 2008 financial crisis, the
need for a proper analysis of natural resources investments has been made
more acute.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 125-128
Issue: 2
Volume: 4
Year: 2015
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.990520
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2014.990520
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:4:y:2015:i:2:p:125-128
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Daowei Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Daowei
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Author-Name: Anne Stenger
Author-X-Name-First: Anne
Author-X-Name-Last: Stenger
Title: Value and valuation of forest ecosystem services
Abstract:
In this paper, we first present a total forest economic value framework
from an anthropocentric instrumental value perspective and differentiate
gross value, economic value, market value, and valuation of forest
ecosystem services. We then argue that some of the demand-side-based
non-market valuation approaches only provide an estimate of gross value,
not economic value. Thus, strictly speaking, they are not market valuation
per se as the supply side is ignored, and as many non-marketable and
non-extractive forest ecosystem services are concerned, it is often the
supply side - the opportunity costs of resources used to produce them that
determine the economic values of these services. Finally, we identify the
role of economic valuation of forest ecosystem services in the political
market that often allocates resources directly to produce these services.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 129-140
Issue: 2
Volume: 4
Year: 2015
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.980852
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2014.980852
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:4:y:2015:i:2:p:129-140
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marielle Brunette
Author-X-Name-First: Marielle
Author-X-Name-Last: Brunette
Author-Name: Stéphane Couture
Author-X-Name-First: Stéphane
Author-X-Name-Last: Couture
Author-Name: Jacques Laye
Author-X-Name-First: Jacques
Author-X-Name-Last: Laye
Title: Optimising forest management under storm risk with a Markov decision process model
Abstract:
Windstorms generate windfalls that may lead to price decreases. Studies
often focus on stochastic growth and price, but consider that there is no
link between these two risks. In our model, we assume that storms generate
windfalls and that these windfalls have an impact on timber price through
volume and quality. The objective of this paper is to analyse the impact
of these two effects on harvesting behaviour. We consider that the dynamic
of the timber stock follows a Markov decision process and that the
harvesting decision is a control variable. We solve the optimal harvesting
problem under storm risk with a risk-averse forest owner and when the
storm has an impact on production and price. We study the impact of a
change in the storm risk distribution, the percentage of quality loss and
risk aversion on the optimal harvesting decision. We show that the greater
the storm risk is, the greater the harvesting will be. In addition, we
observe no noticeable effect of an increase in the percentage of quality
loss on harvesting. Moreover, when the forest owner's risk aversion
increases, the harvesting is reduced. Finally, we discuss our results, in
particular, in relation to climate change.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 141-163
Issue: 2
Volume: 4
Year: 2015
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.982712
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2014.982712
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:4:y:2015:i:2:p:141-163
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gregory S. Amacher
Author-X-Name-First: Gregory S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Amacher
Author-Name: Markku Ollikainen
Author-X-Name-First: Markku
Author-X-Name-Last: Ollikainen
Author-Name: Mikko Puhakka
Author-X-Name-First: Mikko
Author-X-Name-Last: Puhakka
Title: A long-run perspective on renewable resource use and amenity benefits: the case of forestry
Abstract:
We examine the existence and stability properties of the long-run
equilibrium in an economy using forest resources for consumption and
amenity benefits. We incorporate forest resources into an overlapping
generations model as a factor of production, source of amenity benefits
and store of value. We characterise dynamics and stability of steady-state
equilibria with a logistic resource growth function, and demonstrate with
parametric and numerical examples that a unique and stable equilibrium
exists under a set of parameter restrictions. We show that the
productivity of timber in production of consumption and the weight given
to amenities substantially affect the steady-state equilibrium stock and
its stability and dynamics. Especially, the higher the productivity of
timber in production, the lower the steady-state forest stock.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 164-176
Issue: 2
Volume: 4
Year: 2015
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.987830
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2014.987830
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:4:y:2015:i:2:p:164-176
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jens Abildtrup
Author-X-Name-First: Jens
Author-X-Name-Last: Abildtrup
Author-Name: Søren Bøye Olsen
Author-X-Name-First: Søren Bøye
Author-X-Name-Last: Olsen
Author-Name: Anne Stenger
Author-X-Name-First: Anne
Author-X-Name-Last: Stenger
Title: Combining RP and SP data while accounting for large choice sets and travel mode - an application to forest recreation
Abstract:
This paper analyses the use of forests for recreational purposes in
Lorraine, France, a region with many forests and easy access for
recreational users. This implies that residents in Lorraine can choose
between a large set of forests if they decide to visit a forest. The
abundance of forests in Lorraine makes identification of the visited
forests difficult. To facilitate identification of forests actually
visited, we have incorporated an interactive map in a Web-based survey
intended to include both revealed and stated preference data. We compare
different sampling schemes to define the choice set used for site
selection modelling when the actual choice set considered is potentially
large and unknown to the analyst. Easy access to forests also implies that
around half of the visitors walk or bike to the forest. We apply an
error-component mixed-logit model to simultaneously model the travel mode
decision and the site selection decision and to combine revealed and
stated preference data. Finally, the effect on the willingness-to-pay of
changes in forest quality and access is evaluated based on alternative
choice set specifications, model specifications and data sources (revealed
and stated preference data).
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 177-201
Issue: 2
Volume: 4
Year: 2015
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.986210
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2014.986210
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:4:y:2015:i:2:p:177-201
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Henrik Lindhjem
Author-X-Name-First: Henrik
Author-X-Name-Last: Lindhjem
Author-Name: Kristine Grimsrud
Author-X-Name-First: Kristine
Author-X-Name-Last: Grimsrud
Author-Name: Ståle Navrud
Author-X-Name-First: Ståle
Author-X-Name-Last: Navrud
Author-Name: Stein Olav Kolle
Author-X-Name-First: Stein Olav
Author-X-Name-Last: Kolle
Title: The social benefits and costs of preserving forest biodiversity and ecosystem services
Abstract:
Ecologists recommend preserving more of the old-growth forests in Norway,
as half of the species have forests as their main habitat and many are in
decline. We investigate benefits and costs over a 50-year period of
increasing forest conservation from 1.4% of the productive forest area
(the situation in 2007) to 2.8% (doubling), 4.5% ('ecologists' minimum')
and 10% (one goal suggested in public debate). The benefits are estimated
based on a national contingent valuation (CV) survey of Norwegian
households. Two independent measures of total costs are used: (1) the
actual compensation amounts paid to forest owners and (2) results from a
survey of forest owners' minimum willingness to accept compensation to
preserve. Results show that social benefits outweigh costs of the three
conservation plans by a large margin. The middle option of 4.5% has the
highest net present value. This result is robust to a range of
assumptions, including considerations of potential hypothetical bias in
willingness to pay estimates. The results of this cost-benefit analysis
reflect the preferences of the general population, the authorities and the
forest owners with respect to biodiversity and ecosystem services
conservation, and supplement the expert opinion of ecologists.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 202-222
Issue: 2
Volume: 4
Year: 2015
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.982201
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2014.982201
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:4:y:2015:i:2:p:202-222
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lindsay Vollmar
Author-X-Name-First: Lindsay
Author-X-Name-Last: Vollmar
Author-Name: Christopher R. McIntosh
Author-X-Name-First: Christopher R.
Author-X-Name-Last: McIntosh
Author-Name: Jonathan Bossenbroek
Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan
Author-X-Name-Last: Bossenbroek
Title: Anglers' responses to bait certification regulations: the case of virus-free bait demand
Abstract:
The threat of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) to the sport fish of
the Great Lakes region has caused the state of Michigan to regulate some
types of fishing bait that could spread the disease. Given large-scale
fish kills from VHS are uncertain and regulation costly, it is important
to consider the knowledge level of anglers and their estimated benefits
from these regulations. About 75% of anglers self-reported being at least
somewhat familiar with VHS and VHS regulations, and agreeing that VHS is a
serious threat to the health of Great Lakes' fish populations. Demand for
a popular baitfish susceptible to VHS, emerald shiners, was estimated
using a contingent valuation method survey. The results suggest increased
likelihood of purchase and mean willingness to pay point estimate premiums
between 15% and 29% for certified bait. The inclusion of an educational
piece on VHS and regulations in our survey did not lead to significant
demand differences from those who did not receive the extra information.
These results may help regulators efficiently allocate funding for the
prevention of spreading VHS and allow bait shops to understand better the
value of certified bait.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 223-237
Issue: 3
Volume: 4
Year: 2015
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.974677
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2014.974677
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:4:y:2015:i:3:p:223-237
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul Mwebaze
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Mwebaze
Author-Name: Jeff Bennett
Author-X-Name-First: Jeff
Author-X-Name-Last: Bennett
Title: Valuing access to biological collections with contingent valuation and cost-benefit analysis
Abstract:
Biological collections may be underutilised because of transaction costs
incurred in their use. One way to reduce transaction costs and foster
greater utilisation of biological collections that could benefit society
is through the creation of a virtual central database of biological
collections, available online. The objective of this paper is to estimate
the benefits of this policy change using a dichotomous choice contingent
valuation survey of the primary users of biological collections. Marginal
willingness to pay (WTP) for access to a new central database linking
collections around Australia was investigated through an annual user fee
payment vehicle. The mean WTP of direct users of the proposed program was
Australian dollar (A$) 149 per annum (95% confidence interval of
$102-$348). We conducted a cost-benefit analysis of the proposal, showing
that the aggregate benefits are likely to outweigh the total costs of
setting up and maintaining the database in the longer term. These findings
are useful for resource allocation decisions regarding biological
collections.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 238-258
Issue: 3
Volume: 4
Year: 2015
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.985258
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2014.985258
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:4:y:2015:i:3:p:238-258
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Keith Willett
Author-X-Name-First: Keith
Author-X-Name-Last: Willett
Author-Name: Anetta Caplanova
Author-X-Name-First: Anetta
Author-X-Name-Last: Caplanova
Author-Name: Rudolf Sivak
Author-X-Name-First: Rudolf
Author-X-Name-Last: Sivak
Title: Emission discharge permits with regulatory tiering: Numerical simulations with a computer-assisted smart market
Abstract:
Permit trading for a cap and trade policy where the property right traded
is an emission discharge permit (EDP) and with 'hot spots' can be
addressed in a cost-effective manner in a framework combining regulatory
tiering and a 'computer-assisted' smart market model. A smart market model
is an optimisation-based framework used to compute permit trading
solutions and the actual calculation of permit trades is based on a linear
programming model. The model objective function is defined as the
aggregate net benefit function for the market traders subject to a
well-defined constraint set. The key characteristic of the smart market
model is that all EDP trades are with a common pool and no bilateral
trades are allowed to occur. The 'hot spot' problem is addressed by adding
a set of regional pollutant constraints to the smart market model
constraint set. In the paper, we design and implement a smart market model
with regulatory tiering. The property right traded is an EDP and the
regulatory tiering component is introduced into the smart market model
constraint set as a set of regional pollutant constraints. Using a linear
programming model, a set of experiments are extracted from numerical
simulations to demonstrate the smart market usefulness for dealing with
the specific environmental problems from the policy perspective.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 259-277
Issue: 3
Volume: 4
Year: 2015
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2014.987181
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2014.987181
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:4:y:2015:i:3:p:259-277
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Natina Yaduma
Author-X-Name-First: Natina
Author-X-Name-Last: Yaduma
Author-Name: Mika Kortelainen
Author-X-Name-First: Mika
Author-X-Name-Last: Kortelainen
Author-Name: Ada Wossink
Author-X-Name-First: Ada
Author-X-Name-Last: Wossink
Title: The environmental Kuznets curve at different levels of economic development: a counterfactual quantile regression analysis for CO2 emissions
Abstract:
This paper applies the quantile fixed effects technique in exploring the
CO2 environmental Kuznets curve within two groups of economic
development (OECD and non-OECD countries) and six geographical regions -
West, East Europe, Latin America, East Asia, West Asia and Africa. A
comparison of the findings resulting from the use of this technique with
those of conventional fixed effects method reveals that the latter may
depict a flawed summary of the prevailing income-emissions nexus depending
on the conditional quantile examined. The paper also extends the Machado
and Mata decomposition method to the Kuznets curve framework to explore
the most important explanations for CO2 emissions gap between
OECD and non-OECD countries. We find a statistically significant
OECD--non-OECD emissions gap and the decomposition reveals that there are
non-income related factors working against the non-OECD group's greening.
We tentatively conclude that deliberate and systematic mitigation of
current CO2 emissions in the non-OECD group is required.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 278-303
Issue: 3
Volume: 4
Year: 2015
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2015.1004118
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2015.1004118
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:4:y:2015:i:3:p:278-303
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bishwa S. Koirala
Author-X-Name-First: Bishwa S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Koirala
Author-Name: Ramin C. Mysami
Author-X-Name-First: Ramin C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Mysami
Title: Investigating the effect of forest per capita on explaining the EKC hypothesis for CO2 in the US
Abstract:
This paper investigates the net effect of forest resources on the emission
of CO2 while testing the EKC hypothesis for CO2 at
the county level in the US. Using a county-level data obtained from the
Vulcan Project and employing a weighted lag-dependent variable of
CO2 emissions, an inverted-U-shaped relationship between income
and emissions of CO2 per capita is detected in the US. However,
the estimated income turning points (ITPs) are slightly higher than the
average income per capita but are within an attainable range, suggesting
that further economic growth would be a viable environmental policy to
address the emissions of CO2 in the US. The estimated net
effect of forests resources on the emissions of CO2 suggests
that forest fires and degradation dominate the carbon sequestration
capacity of standing forests in the US.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 304-314
Issue: 3
Volume: 4
Year: 2015
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2015.1010456
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2015.1010456
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:4:y:2015:i:3:p:304-314
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrea Klinglmair
Author-X-Name-First: Andrea
Author-X-Name-Last: Klinglmair
Author-Name: Markus Gilbert Bliem
Author-X-Name-First: Markus Gilbert
Author-X-Name-Last: Bliem
Author-Name: Roy Brouwer
Author-X-Name-First: Roy
Author-X-Name-Last: Brouwer
Title: Exploring the public value of increased hydropower use: a choice experiment study for Austria
Abstract:
This paper applies a choice experiment to estimate how Austrian households
value the multiple impacts associated with future hydropower investments.
Clear evidence was obtained that Austrian households are willing to pay
for an expansion of hydropower capacities. More precisely, Austrians are
willing to incur extra costs for economic (employment) and environmental
(reduced air emissions) benefits related to the generation of electricity
from hydroelectric power, but wish to be compensated for the loss of
nature and landscape new hydropower plants are associated with. This
relation can formally be denoted as the 'energy-water trade-off' imposed
by the use of hydropower. Moreover, confirmation of the 'Not in my
backyard' phenomenon was found, meaning that people prefer the
construction of new hydropower stations, but not close to their homes.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 315-336
Issue: 3
Volume: 4
Year: 2015
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2015.1018956
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2015.1018956
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:4:y:2015:i:3:p:315-336
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Feler Bose
Author-X-Name-First: Feler
Author-X-Name-Last: Bose
Author-Name: Vivek Pandey
Author-X-Name-First: Vivek
Author-X-Name-Last: Pandey
Title: Don't let a serious crisis go to waste: exploring linkages between environmental policy-making and environmental incidents
Abstract:
This article seeks to explore the impact of environmental incidents on
state-level environmental policy-making in the US. Environmental policy
researchers have identified several factors and their impact on states'
ability and willingness to formulate green policies. Most studies have
used binary values to measure state environmental policy formulation
(sepf) variable. However, this strategy can lead to biased estimates
because the extent of policy-formulation is not the same across states. We
propose an ordinal approach to measure the sepf variable along with
multiple correspondence analyses (MCA). We also test for the impact of
environmental incidents and its interaction with the strength of
environmental organisations on the formulation of green policies.
Econometric results from the longitudinal data indicate that the states
that witness environmental incidents in the current period are less likely
to formulate environmental policies during that period. However, when
environmental organisations root their advocacy programmes on previous
period's environmental incident(s), it has a positive and significant
impact on environmental policy-making. These results contribute not only
to our understanding of critical determinants of environmental
policy-making, but also indicate that environmental organisations can
leverage environmental incidents to influence state-level policy-making.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 337-351
Issue: 3
Volume: 4
Year: 2015
Month: 11
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2015.1023362
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2015.1023362
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:4:y:2015:i:3:p:337-351
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ellen De Schepper
Author-X-Name-First: Ellen
Author-X-Name-Last: De Schepper
Author-Name: Steven Van Passel
Author-X-Name-First: Steven
Author-X-Name-Last: Van Passel
Author-Name: Sebastien Lizin
Author-X-Name-First: Sebastien
Author-X-Name-Last: Lizin
Author-Name: Thomas Vincent
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas
Author-X-Name-Last: Vincent
Author-Name: Benjamin Martin
Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin
Author-X-Name-Last: Martin
Author-Name: Xavier Gandibleux
Author-X-Name-First: Xavier
Author-X-Name-Last: Gandibleux
Title: Economic and environmental multi-objective optimisation to evaluate the impact of Belgian policy on solar power and electric vehicles
Abstract:
This research uses multi-objective optimisation to determine the optimal
mixture of energy and transportation technologies, while optimising
economic and environmental impacts. We demonstrate the added value of
using multi-objective mixed integer linear programming (MOMILP)
considering economies of scale versus using continuous multi-objective
linear programming assuming average cost intervals. This paper uses an
improved version to solve MOMILPs exactly. To differentiate optimal
solutions with and without subsidies, the impact of policy on the Pareto
frontier is assessed. We distinguish between minimising economic life
cycle costs (complete rationality) and required investments (bounded
rationality). The approach is illustrated using a Belgian company with
demands for electricity and transport. Electricity technologies are solar
photovoltaics and the grid; transportation includes internal combustion
engine vehicles, grid powered battery electric vehicles (BEVs), and
solar-powered BEVs. The impact of grid powered BEVs to reduce GHG
emissions is limited, yet they are less costly than solar panels to
decrease emissions. Current policy measures are found to be properly
targeting rational investors who consider life cycle costs, while private
(potentially bounded rational) investors often focus on required
investments only.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 1-27
Issue: 1
Volume: 5
Year: 2016
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2015.1019569
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2015.1019569
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:5:y:2016:i:1:p:1-27
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tanh T.N. Nguyen
Author-X-Name-First: Tanh T.N.
Author-X-Name-Last: Nguyen
Author-Name: Edward A. Evans
Author-X-Name-First: Edward A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Evans
Author-Name: Kati W. Migliaccio
Author-X-Name-First: Kati W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Migliaccio
Title: Modelling decision-making regarding wetland services for wetland management in Tram Chim National Park, Vietnam
Abstract:
In order to support multi-objective wetland management, this study
develops a five-step multi-criteria decision framework and uses the Tram
Chim National Park case to demonstrate decisions by comparing net
benefits, the framework's outcome, of four wetland zones (A1, A2, A4, and
A5) of the Park. Methods include (1) identification of key management
priorities using analytic hierarchy process; (2) assessment of use/non-use
values using market/non-market valuation techniques. Consumptive direct
use values were determined by market assessment of fishing while a travel
cost model was employed to estimate non-consumptive direct use values for
tourism. Indirect use and non-use values were assessed using contingent
valuation method. Results showed the priorities of tourism, fishing, and
management costs. Total fishing benefit (fishing income and revenue from
permits) was estimated at US$173/year/person. Willingness to pay for
preferred plant communities varied. For tourism, overall consumer surplus
was estimated at US$11/person and tourists would be willing to pay
US$3-5/person more. In sum, net benefit for a typical year for zone A1 was
highest. The framework demonstrates how the decision-making process with
regards to managing an environmental resource can be enhanced within a
multi-decision framework using a set of market and non-market economic
valuation tools.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 28-48
Issue: 1
Volume: 5
Year: 2016
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2015.1022229
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2015.1022229
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:5:y:2016:i:1:p:28-48
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cecilia Håkansson
Author-X-Name-First: Cecilia
Author-X-Name-Last: Håkansson
Author-Name: Katarina Östberg
Author-X-Name-First: Katarina
Author-X-Name-Last: Östberg
Author-Name: Göran Bostedt
Author-X-Name-First: Göran
Author-X-Name-Last: Bostedt
Title: Estimating distributional effects of environmental policy in Swedish coastal environments - a walk along different dimensions
Abstract:
This paper studies distributional effects of environmental policies in
Swedish coastal environments, in monetary and environmental quality terms,
for different dimensions: income, gender, age, non-users vs. users,
distance, familiarity, and origin (if people have a Swedish background or
not). The study area is widely used for different recreational activities
and has a mix of different visitors. The data come from a choice
experiment study. The results indicate that latent class modelling can be
used to identify how monetary preferences vary between different groups of
respondents, and largely confirm the limited existing knowledge from the
previous research on distributional effects of environmental policies.
However, the previous literature on distributional effects related to
background is very limited, making it hard to draw comparisons. The
results in our paper also show that the distributional effects differ
depending on the environmental amenity. These results are of policy
relevance since coastal environments are important for people's well-being
and associated with positive health effects.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 49-78
Issue: 1
Volume: 5
Year: 2016
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2015.1025856
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2015.1025856
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:5:y:2016:i:1:p:49-78
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anca Claudia Pana
Author-X-Name-First: Anca Claudia
Author-X-Name-Last: Pana
Author-Name: Jonathan Gheyssens
Author-X-Name-First: Jonathan
Author-X-Name-Last: Gheyssens
Title: Baseline choice and performance implications for REDD
Abstract:
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD)
projects are being designed and implemented across tropical countries,
intending to curb the contribution of deforestation to greenhouse gas
emissions. An important aspect of REDD implementation is the
baseline against which reductions are measured. The
baseline estimates the business-as-usual emissions from deforestation and
forest degradation. We solve a dynamic model of land conversion from
forest to agriculture in the presence of REDD, and assess the performance
of four baselines. We show that none of the analysed baselines dominates
in all performance aspects, and that the final baseline choice needs to
maximise the trade-off between the effectiveness to reduce deforestation,
cost-efficiency, and changes in income. The frequently used historical
average baseline could be improved by using a forward-looking one, which
is shown to better account for the opportunity costs faced by landowners.
This result hinges on the ability of the baseline to predict deforestation
rates without significant underestimations. We advocate the switch from a
single-threshold baseline to a corridor methodology, which would provide
continued incentives to reduce deforestation, even during periods of high
opportunity costs. We finally show how the selection of certain baseline
attributes, such as corridor bandwidth and symmetry, can enhance
performance.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 79-124
Issue: 1
Volume: 5
Year: 2016
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2015.1028465
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2015.1028465
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:5:y:2016:i:1:p:79-124
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Matthew Interis
Author-X-Name-First: Matthew
Author-X-Name-Last: Interis
Author-Name: Chang Xu
Author-X-Name-First: Chang
Author-X-Name-Last: Xu
Author-Name: Daniel Petrolia
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel
Author-X-Name-Last: Petrolia
Author-Name: Kalyn Coatney
Author-X-Name-First: Kalyn
Author-X-Name-Last: Coatney
Title: Examining unconditional preference revelation in choice experiments: a voting game approach
Abstract:
If respondents are strategic, voting in choice experiments may violate the
common modelling assumption that everyone votes for his unconditionally
most-preferred alternative. This presents a challenge to accurately
estimating welfare measures. We conduct a homegrown-value laboratory
experiment designed to mimic a three-alternative choice experiment. Two
key pieces of information not previously collected from participants are
their (1) unconditionally most-preferred alternative and (2) their
perception of the likely vote distribution. We are able to identify
whether participants adopt a strategy of voting for their
second-most-preferred alternative when their most-preferred alternative is
believed likely to garner the fewest votes. We find that many more
participants do not vote for their most-preferred alternative than theory
predicts. We also test whether prompting participants to think about the
likely vote distribution before voting affects their own vote. We find
that prompting participants does not affect strategic voting. We find
percentages of participants who do not vote for their most-preferred
alternative, who cast strategic votes for their second most-preferred
alternative, and who cast apparently 'irrational' votes are close to
estimates from studies in political election settings. The presence of
strategic and irrational votes should cause choice experiment researchers
to rethink their model assumptions.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 125-142
Issue: 1
Volume: 5
Year: 2016
Month: 3
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2015.1033021
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2015.1033021
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:5:y:2016:i:1:p:125-142
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thierry Kalisa
Author-X-Name-First: Thierry
Author-X-Name-Last: Kalisa
Author-Name: Mary Riddel
Author-X-Name-First: Mary
Author-X-Name-Last: Riddel
Author-Name: W. Douglass Shaw
Author-X-Name-First: W. Douglass
Author-X-Name-Last: Shaw
Title: Willingness to pay to avoid arsenic-related risks: a special regressor approach
Abstract:
Subjective probabilities often better explain behaviours than
science-based risks. Incorporating them into a behavioural model has
important ramifications for environmental and health policy, but if these
risks are measured with error or endogenous, then doing so leads to
possible troubles in interpretation of results. Our application is to
mortality risks associated with arsenic found in drinking water in various
spots in the United States. The behaviour of interest is a yes/no response
to a willingness to pay (WTP) question to reduce these risks. We apply the
special regressor approach to handle the endogeneity and measurement error
in the WTP model and find that doing so leads to different implications
for policy that could be pursued to reduce the risks.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 143-162
Issue: 2
Volume: 5
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2015.1057871
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2015.1057871
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:5:y:2016:i:2:p:143-162
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ken Willis
Author-X-Name-First: Ken
Author-X-Name-Last: Willis
Author-Name: Bob Crabtree
Author-X-Name-First: Bob
Author-X-Name-Last: Crabtree
Author-Name: Liesl M. Osman
Author-X-Name-First: Liesl M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Osman
Author-Name: Kirsty Cathrine
Author-X-Name-First: Kirsty
Author-X-Name-Last: Cathrine
Title: Green space and health benefits: a QALY and CEA of a mental health programme
Abstract:
Green spaces are promoted as a means of improving the health-related
quality of life (HRQoL) for people with health problems. This paper
evaluates the Branching Out programme in Scotland, which provides patients
with mental health problems, social, physical and recreational activities
in an outdoor ‘community’ setting. Patients carry out
group-based woodland activities over a 12-week period. Health agencies in
the Strathclyde region of Scotland offer patients the opportunity to
participate if they consider that the patient will benefit from Branching
Out activities. The evaluation uses the SF-12 questionnaire to assess
HRQoL of participants in the programme. From the SF-12 scores, quality
adjusted life year (QALY) change is calculated. Cost per QALY is estimated
in relation to economic costs of the program (staffing cost, facilities
and other costs e.g. travel). Cost effectiveness analysis reveals
Branching Out is comparable to other programmes oriented to social
recovery. Its cost-effectiveness in terms of National Institute for Health
& Care Excellence guidelines for medical treatments depends on the
duration of the health improvement.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 163-180
Issue: 2
Volume: 5
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2015.1058195
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2015.1058195
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:5:y:2016:i:2:p:163-180
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Benjamin A. Jones
Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Jones
Author-Name: Jennifer A. Thacher
Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Thacher
Author-Name: Janie M. Chermak
Author-X-Name-First: Janie M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Chermak
Author-Name: Robert P. Berrens
Author-X-Name-First: Robert P.
Author-X-Name-Last: Berrens
Title: Wildfire smoke health costs: a methods case study for a Southwestern US ‘mega-fire’
Abstract:
Exposure to wildfire smoke can increase morbidity in urban areas.
Economists are increasingly calling for such health impacts to be included
in wildfire damage assessments. However, collecting original health
outcome data is costly and time-consuming. Benefits transfer is a more
accessible alternative that is often employed. Yet several methodological
issues remain unexplored regarding transfers of economic values and air
quality concentration-response functions. Ignoring these issues may lead
to misinformed wildfire policy based on inexact estimates of smoke-induced
health costs. This research provides a case study illustration of a new
air quality benefit transfer tool, the US EPA benefits mapping and
analysis program-community edition (BenMAP-CE), which is used to estimate
smoke damages of a Southwestern US ‘mega-fire’ event and
investigate methodological issues surrounding the analyst's choice between
transferring results from ‘wildfire-specific’ and
‘urban air’ (unrelated to wildfire) studies. Results
indicate that the economic costs of wildfire smoke are substantial.
Additionally, transfer of wildfire-specific study results produces
substantially higher morbidity estimates and costs compared to use of
results from urban air studies. These findings demonstrate (1) that
BenMAP-CE can be applied to wildfire events and (2) the importance of
transferred study appropriateness when conducting a smoke damage
assessment using benefits transfer.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 181-199
Issue: 2
Volume: 5
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2015.1070765
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2015.1070765
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:5:y:2016:i:2:p:181-199
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Getachew Nigatu
Author-X-Name-First: Getachew
Author-X-Name-Last: Nigatu
Title: Assessing the effects of climate change policy on the volatility of carbon prices in reference to the Great Recession
Abstract:
This paper examines the effects of having or not having a climate change
policy on the behaviour of carbon price volatility before, within and
after the 2008/09 global recession. Our Markov-regime switching model
analysis shows that the voluntary carbon market at the Chicago Climate
Exchange was in a high-volatile regime within, and two years before, this
recession. The mandatory carbon market in the European Climate Exchange
was relatively in stable and low-volatile regime over these periods,
except at the end of the recession. The voluntary market exhibited more
price volatility features than the mandatory one. After the recession,
both markets experienced high probabilities of being at low-volatile
regimes. Our results suggest that high-volatile regimes were not caused by
the recession per se. However, statistical tests show that there were
distinct low-and high-volatile regimes during the recession period,
indicating that the recession aggravated price volatility of both markets.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 200-215
Issue: 2
Volume: 5
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2015.1075906
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2015.1075906
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:5:y:2016:i:2:p:200-215
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Luca Lambertini
Author-X-Name-First: Luca
Author-X-Name-Last: Lambertini
Author-Name: Alessandro Tampieri
Author-X-Name-First: Alessandro
Author-X-Name-Last: Tampieri
Title: Overcompliance with endogenous environmental standards and quantity competition
Abstract:
We propose a model of environmental overcompliance where firms set the
environmental quality of their products and compete in quantities, while
the government imposes an environmental standard with the aim to maximise
welfare. We show that all firms overcomply if the environmental impact of
production is sufficiently low, otherwise unilateral overcompliance
emerges by the firm with higher environmental quality. With price
competition, the introduction of an environmental standard quality always
brings about unilateral overcompliance.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 216-226
Issue: 2
Volume: 5
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2015.1078260
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2015.1078260
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:5:y:2016:i:2:p:216-226
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Douglas Auld
Author-X-Name-First: Douglas
Author-X-Name-Last: Auld
Title: Emissions intensity and choice of policy instrument with asymmetric information and growth
Abstract:
The advantages and disadvantages of environmental policies based on
emission intensity targets have been widely discussed. Emission tax
policies tend to be ranked ahead of emission intensity instruments due, in
part, to the former's incentive effects. A comparison of the effect that
emission intensity targets and emission taxes have on abatement costs in a
world of asymmetric information is worth exploring. This analysis suggests
that in terms abatement costs and the nature of the errors due to
asymmetric information, a tax on emission has no absolute advantage over
an emissions intensity policy in the short run and given the qualitative
nature of the welfare losses in both cases, an emissions target policy may
be preferred. Furthermore, an emission intensity target may be an
appropriate instrument when growth in output of polluting firms is
expected.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 227-235
Issue: 2
Volume: 5
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2015.1080197
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2015.1080197
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:5:y:2016:i:2:p:227-235
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jeff Bennett
Author-X-Name-First: Jeff
Author-X-Name-Last: Bennett
Author-Name: Jeremy Cheesman
Author-X-Name-First: Jeremy
Author-X-Name-Last: Cheesman
Author-Name: Russell Blamey
Author-X-Name-First: Russell
Author-X-Name-Last: Blamey
Author-Name: Marit Kragt
Author-X-Name-First: Marit
Author-X-Name-Last: Kragt
Title: Estimating the non-market benefits of environmental flows in the Hawkesbury-Nepean River
Abstract:
Growth in competing demands for the services supplied to major urban
centres by adjacent river systems provides an impetus for the estimation
of the non-market benefits generated by flows specifically dedicated to
maintaining or improving the environmental condition of those rivers. This
paper presents the results of a choice modelling study aimed at addressing
the complexities of estimating such environmental flow benefits. The
context of the study is the management of the Hawkesbury-Nepean River
system, the major water supply for Sydney, Australia. The complexities
considered include establishing linkages between river management options
and the environmental condition of the river, defining attributes that
reflect environmental conditions in terms that are meaningful to survey
respondents as well as river managers, modelling stated choices to reflect
non-linearities in willingness to pay responses and identifying thresholds
in peoples' preferences for specific environmental attributes.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 236-248
Issue: 2
Volume: 5
Year: 2016
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2015.1083484
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2015.1083484
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:5:y:2016:i:2:p:236-248
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ece Özdemiroğlu
Author-X-Name-First: Ece
Author-X-Name-Last: Özdemiroğlu
Title: Natural capital – a practitioner’s overview of concepts and applications
Abstract:
Working with the concept of natural capital has changed the way we do environmental economics in practice. This article sets the scene by defining natural capital, natural capital approach and natural capital accounting. The reasons why businesses prepare natural capital accounts are summarised. The article concludes with thoughts on what the future holds for the natural capital approach.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 343-352
Issue: 4
Volume: 8
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1639220
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1639220
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:4:p:343-352
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Curnow
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Curnow
Title: Environmental economics in UK environmental policy: Defra's 25 Year Environment Plan
Abstract:
Defra (UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs) published its 25 Year Environment Plan in January 2018. The Plan sets out the Government's goals for improving the environment with the ambition to leave a better environment for the next generation. It places natural capital at the very centre of its approach to future environmental policy. This paper draws on a speech given by Defra's Chief Economist to the annual applied environmental economics conference, envecon, in March 2018. It sets out a broad overview of the 25 Year Environment Plan, how natural capital underpins it, and the value of environmental economics in making environmental policy.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 353-358
Issue: 4
Volume: 8
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1601135
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1601135
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:4:p:353-358
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert Tinch
Author-X-Name-First: Robert
Author-X-Name-Last: Tinch
Author-Name: Nicola Beaumont
Author-X-Name-First: Nicola
Author-X-Name-Last: Beaumont
Author-Name: Tim Sunderland
Author-X-Name-First: Tim
Author-X-Name-Last: Sunderland
Author-Name: Ece Ozdemiroglu
Author-X-Name-First: Ece
Author-X-Name-Last: Ozdemiroglu
Author-Name: David Barton
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Barton
Author-Name: Colm Bowe
Author-X-Name-First: Colm
Author-X-Name-Last: Bowe
Author-Name: Tobias Börger
Author-X-Name-First: Tobias
Author-X-Name-Last: Börger
Author-Name: Paul Burgess
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Burgess
Author-Name: Canon Nigel Cooper
Author-X-Name-First: Canon Nigel
Author-X-Name-Last: Cooper
Author-Name: Michela Faccioli
Author-X-Name-First: Michela
Author-X-Name-Last: Faccioli
Author-Name: Pierre Failler
Author-X-Name-First: Pierre
Author-X-Name-Last: Failler
Author-Name: Ioanna Gkolemi
Author-X-Name-First: Ioanna
Author-X-Name-Last: Gkolemi
Author-Name: Ritesh Kumar
Author-X-Name-First: Ritesh
Author-X-Name-Last: Kumar
Author-Name: Alberto Longo
Author-X-Name-First: Alberto
Author-X-Name-Last: Longo
Author-Name: Alistair McVittie
Author-X-Name-First: Alistair
Author-X-Name-Last: McVittie
Author-Name: Joe Morris
Author-X-Name-First: Joe
Author-X-Name-Last: Morris
Author-Name: Jacob Park
Author-X-Name-First: Jacob
Author-X-Name-Last: Park
Author-Name: Neil Ravenscroft
Author-X-Name-First: Neil
Author-X-Name-Last: Ravenscroft
Author-Name: Marije Schaafsma
Author-X-Name-First: Marije
Author-X-Name-Last: Schaafsma
Author-Name: James Vause
Author-X-Name-First: James
Author-X-Name-Last: Vause
Author-Name: Guy Ziv
Author-X-Name-First: Guy
Author-X-Name-Last: Ziv
Title: Economic valuation of ecosystem goods and services: a review for decision makers
Abstract:
There is increasing interest in the use of economic valuation of ecosystem goods and services for a wide variety of purposes. These include relatively familiar uses in project appraisal and more novel applications in advocacy, performance tracking and accounting in public and private settings. Decision makers who use valuation information need to understand the background, strengths and weaknesses of these approaches. The methods have a strong foundation in economic theory and offer a rapidly growing evidence base, improving ability to evaluate a broad range of ecosystem goods and services. Nevertheless, there are theoretical and practical limitations that need to be understood and kept in mind when interpreting results. In this paper, we briefly review the economic valuation methods and situate them in their historical and theoretical contexts. We assess the main critiques, attempts at resolving them, and implications for the usefulness of the methods in different contexts. We examine the main barriers and opportunities for wider uses of valuation evidence, and draw conclusions on the appropriate role of valuation in future, as a tool for aiding reflection and deliberation processes.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 359-378
Issue: 4
Volume: 8
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1623083
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1623083
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:4:p:359-378
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ian Dickie
Author-X-Name-First: Ian
Author-X-Name-Last: Dickie
Author-Name: Sophie Neupauer
Author-X-Name-First: Sophie
Author-X-Name-Last: Neupauer
Title: Natural capital accounts: nations and organizations
Abstract:
Natural capital accounting is a new tool in environmental management. It can be understood as a new (and better) combination of existing tools used in economic analysis with environmental data. It articulates technical and scientific understanding of the environment in economic value terms for decision-makers. The various current forms of environmental, ecosystem and natural capital accounting are described. Examples are given of natural capital accounting for the urban environment at different spatial scales, from a single park to a UK national urban account. Reliance on economic valuation of the environment also brings risks, so understanding is needed of how values are generated, good practice in presenting them (e.g. alongside physical measures for context), and what they miss (e.g. stating key unvalued issues and being aware of potential threshold effects). The structure of natural capital accounting helps mitigate these risks, and so it can be used as a positive tool to highlight the value of the natural environment as an asset to our present and future society. Building on existing understanding and tools means natural capital accounting can be relatively easy to initiate.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 379-393
Issue: 4
Volume: 8
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1639219
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1639219
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:4:p:379-393
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Adams Koshy
Author-X-Name-First: Adams
Author-X-Name-Last: Koshy
Author-Name: Julie Raynaud
Author-X-Name-First: Julie
Author-X-Name-Last: Raynaud
Author-Name: Ece Ozdemiroglu
Author-X-Name-First: Ece
Author-X-Name-Last: Ozdemiroglu
Author-Name: Allan Provins
Author-X-Name-First: Allan
Author-X-Name-Last: Provins
Title: Natural Capital Statements: a case study on SCA, a Swedish paper and pulp company
Abstract:
Companies and investors have an important role to play in preventing further degradation of the natural environment and supporting its improvements. This requires decision-useful, readily available corporate reporting and investment analysis on environmental impacts and dependencies. There are pressures on providing such information, driven by movements within climate change reporting, uptake of the UN Sustainable Development Goals and increasing expectation for more transparency in reporting and analysis. Although sustainability reporting and environmental social and governance (ESG) analysis are evolving, they are not deemed ‘fit for purpose’ to meet all the changes currently on the horizon. eftec developed the Natural Capital Statements to fill this gap. The ‘NatCapStatementsTM’ are a combination of the income statement and balance sheet for natural capital assets, mostly using the data already being collected by companies and analysts. Based on the relatable structure of traditional financial accounts, the NatCapStatementsTM report (i) the impacts of a company on natural capital; (ii) how dependent a company is on natural capital and (iii) whether the company is prepared for future risks and opportunities from the environment. To demonstrate this approach, this article presents an independent assessment of the NatCapStatementsTM of Swedish paper and pulp company SCA.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 394-412
Issue: 4
Volume: 8
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1635917
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1635917
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:4:p:394-412
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Laurence Jones
Author-X-Name-First: Laurence
Author-X-Name-Last: Jones
Author-Name: Massimo Vieno
Author-X-Name-First: Massimo
Author-X-Name-Last: Vieno
Author-Name: Alice Fitch
Author-X-Name-First: Alice
Author-X-Name-Last: Fitch
Author-Name: Edward Carnell
Author-X-Name-First: Edward
Author-X-Name-Last: Carnell
Author-Name: Claudia Steadman
Author-X-Name-First: Claudia
Author-X-Name-Last: Steadman
Author-Name: Philip Cryle
Author-X-Name-First: Philip
Author-X-Name-Last: Cryle
Author-Name: Mike Holland
Author-X-Name-First: Mike
Author-X-Name-Last: Holland
Author-Name: Eiko Nemitz
Author-X-Name-First: Eiko
Author-X-Name-Last: Nemitz
Author-Name: Dan Morton
Author-X-Name-First: Dan
Author-X-Name-Last: Morton
Author-Name: Jane Hall
Author-X-Name-First: Jane
Author-X-Name-Last: Hall
Author-Name: Gina Mills
Author-X-Name-First: Gina
Author-X-Name-Last: Mills
Author-Name: Ian Dickie
Author-X-Name-First: Ian
Author-X-Name-Last: Dickie
Author-Name: Stefan Reis
Author-X-Name-First: Stefan
Author-X-Name-Last: Reis
Title: Urban natural capital accounts: developing a novel approach to quantify air pollution removal by vegetation
Abstract:
Air pollution presents a major risk to human health, resulting in premature deaths and reduced quality of life. Quantifying the role of vegetation in reducing air pollution concentrations is an important contribution to urban natural capital accounting. However, most current methods to calculate pollution removal are static, and do not represent atmospheric transport of pollutants, or interactions among pollutants and meteorology. An additional challenge is defining urban extent in a way that captures the green and blue infrastructure providing the service in a consistent way. We developed a refined urban morphology layer which incorporates urban green and blue space. We then applied an atmospheric chemistry transport model (EMEP4UK) to calculate pollutant removal by urban natural capital for pollutants including PM2.5, NO2, SO2, O3. We calculated health benefits directly from the change in pollutant concentrations (i.e. exposure) rather than from tonnes of pollutant removed. Urban natural capital across Britain removes 28,700 tonnes of PM2.5, NO2, SO2, O3. The economic value of the health benefits are substantial: £136 million in 2015, resulting from 900 fewer respiratory hospital admissions, 220 fewer cardiovascular hospital admissions, 240 fewer deaths and 3600 fewer Life Years Lost.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 413-428
Issue: 4
Volume: 8
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1597772
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1597772
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:4:p:413-428
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Katrina J. Davis
Author-X-Name-First: Katrina J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Davis
Author-Name: Amy Binner
Author-X-Name-First: Amy
Author-X-Name-Last: Binner
Author-Name: Andrew Bell
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew
Author-X-Name-Last: Bell
Author-Name: Brett Day
Author-X-Name-First: Brett
Author-X-Name-Last: Day
Author-Name: Timothy Poate
Author-X-Name-First: Timothy
Author-X-Name-Last: Poate
Author-Name: Siân Rees
Author-X-Name-First: Siân
Author-X-Name-Last: Rees
Author-Name: Greg Smith
Author-X-Name-First: Greg
Author-X-Name-Last: Smith
Author-Name: Kerrie Wilson
Author-X-Name-First: Kerrie
Author-X-Name-Last: Wilson
Author-Name: Ian Bateman
Author-X-Name-First: Ian
Author-X-Name-Last: Bateman
Title: A generalisable integrated natural capital methodology for targeting investment in coastal defence
Abstract:
Coastal ecosystems, such as saltmarsh, produce a range of ecosystem services that underpin human well-being. In the UK, and globally, saltmarsh extent and quality is declining due to coastal squeeze, deteriorating water quality, and agricultural activities. Here, we develop a general framework to evaluate changes in coastal defence. Using this framework, we identify priority areas for saltmarsh re-alignment: re-creation of saltmarsh in areas that have been saltmarsh in the past – but that have been claimed for a variety of land uses, particularly agriculture. We base our re-alignment prioritisation on the ecosystem services provided by saltmarsh in the North Devon Biosphere Reserve: specifically carbon sequestration and recreational benefits, and the economic values of those services. We compare potential economic benefits with the economic costs of creating new saltmarsh areas – specifically lost agricultural output, property damages and direct re-alignment costs. We identify a number of priority areas for managed re-alignment that generate high recreational values in areas where properties would not be damaged. These findings provide a necessary and timely analysis for the managers of the North Devon Biosphere Reserve. Furthermore, we outline a comprehensive methodology to plan future management of coastal zones.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 429-446
Issue: 4
Volume: 8
Year: 2019
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1537197
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1537197
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:4:p:429-446
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ram Ranjan
Author-X-Name-First: Ram
Author-X-Name-Last: Ranjan
Title: Wildlife crime monitoring and deterrence in presence of endogenous community cooperation
Abstract:
Smuggling in wildlife is increasingly endangering the survival of several species on the planet. In this paper, we develop a socio-economic-ecological model of optimal management of wildlife preservation areas through incorporating the environmental preferences of local communities. These preferences are dynamic and influenced by local economic growth. When environmental preferences of local communities are brought in sync with those of the regulators, monitoring and regulatory policies aimed at curbing illegal smuggling become efficacious. Our results indicate that when communities residing in the vicinity of wildlife protection areas see a rapid change in their environmental preferences owing to economic development within the region, it aids in biodiversity protection by making stringent monitoring and regulatory measures acceptable. However, promoting economic development may require providing higher access to biodiversity preservation areas in the initial stages even if it comes at the cost of mild habitat degradation. When the probability of catching illegal smugglers is a function of cooperation received from the local inhabitants, it is optimal to invest in policy measures that improve local economic well-being and willingness to cooperate before increasing monitoring efforts.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 341-360
Issue: 4
Volume: 6
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1310673
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1310673
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:4:p:341-360
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Seok-Joon Hwang
Author-X-Name-First: Seok-Joon
Author-X-Name-Last: Hwang
Author-Name: KwangUk Kim
Author-X-Name-First: KwangUk
Author-X-Name-Last: Kim
Title: An understanding on the relationship between the employment and the environmental policy
Abstract:
This study proposes a bridge between traditional production technology and pollution abatement technology. It is assumed that a positive externality from pollution abatement improves the productivity of the production factor and thus externality can explain the effects of the environmental policy on job creation. Furthermore, this study proposes some viable remedial steps for policy-makers which would enable them to design a more effective policy by taking into account both the direction of technology advancement and the current level of pollution abatement technology, which are considered to be important for firms to increase their labour demand.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 361-373
Issue: 4
Volume: 6
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1319296
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1319296
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:4:p:361-373
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ewa Zawojska
Author-X-Name-First: Ewa
Author-X-Name-Last: Zawojska
Author-Name: Mikołaj Czajkowski
Author-X-Name-First: Mikołaj
Author-X-Name-Last: Czajkowski
Title: Re-examining empirical evidence on stated preferences: importance of incentive compatibility
Abstract:
The stated preference (SP) methods use respondents’ stated choices made in hypothetical situations to infer their preferences for environmental and other public goods. These methods enable researchers to express the general public's preferences in monetary terms, and hence, to estimate the economic value of a change in the quantity or quality of the goods. However, a key question remains regarding SP methods’ validity: do the value estimates obtained from an SP study reflect respondents’ true preferences? Numerous empirical investigations have tested SP methods’ validity, but overall conclusions are mixed. We critically re-evaluate this evidence considering the issue of the necessary conditions for incentive compatibility of SP surveys. Our analysis shows that once theory-based conditions for incentive compatibility are taken into account, the available studies consistently show that the SP methods provide valid estimates of actual preferences. As a result, we argue that SP surveys must be made incentive compatible in order to observe consumers’ true preferences.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 374-403
Issue: 4
Volume: 6
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1322537
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1322537
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:4:p:374-403
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kine Josefine Aurland-Bredesen
Author-X-Name-First: Kine Josefine
Author-X-Name-Last: Aurland-Bredesen
Title: Too green to be good: the efficiency loss of the Norwegian electric vehicle policy
Abstract:
Norway has the largest share of electric vehicles per capita in the world. This is a result of an extensive government policy providing electric vehicle users with benefits such as tax exemptions, free parking and access to bus lanes. The green policy is not without costs and the aim of this article is to estimate the efficiency loss caused by the Norwegian electric vehicle policy. I apply a partial equilibrium model for the personal transportation market in Oslo and define an efficient policy as a policy that minimises the excess burden of taxation under negative externalities. The estimated reduction in excess burden when taxation on conventional vehicle is fixed ranges between 2.4% and 3.8%. When both taxation on electric and conventional vehicle are optimal, the reduction in excess burden is between 3.4% and 4.9%. The estimates show that the current policy is not economically efficient and suggest that a combination of a reduction in electric vehicle subsidies and an increase in taxation on conventional vehicle yields the most efficient policy.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 404-414
Issue: 4
Volume: 6
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1325408
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1325408
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:4:p:404-414
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paolo Agnolucci
Author-X-Name-First: Paolo
Author-X-Name-Last: Agnolucci
Author-Name: Florian Flachenecker
Author-X-Name-First: Florian
Author-X-Name-Last: Flachenecker
Author-Name: Magnus Söderberg
Author-X-Name-First: Magnus
Author-X-Name-Last: Söderberg
Title: The causal impact of economic growth on material use in Europe
Abstract:
Several scholars and policy-makers have claimed that Europe, and Western Europe in particular, has managed to ‘decouple’ economic growth from material use. We identify and address one major limitation in the existing literature – failure to take the endogeneity of economic growth into account. Based on a panel data-set of 32 European countries from 2000 to 2014, we estimate the causal impact of gross domestic product (GDP) on domestic material consumption (DMC) applying an instrumental variable approach. We use the number of storm occurrences as an instrument for GDP, which we show is both relevant and valid. Our results provide new evidence that increasing the GDP growth rate causes the DMC growth rate to increase for Western Europe, whereas the effect is insignificant for the Eastern European economies and Europe as a whole. As our results partly question current wisdom on the achievements of ‘decoupling’, especially among European policy-makers, we offer two explanations that are consistent with these results.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 415-432
Issue: 4
Volume: 6
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1325780
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1325780
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:4:p:415-432
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sonia Afrin
Author-X-Name-First: Sonia
Author-X-Name-Last: Afrin
Author-Name: Mohammed Ziaul Haider
Author-X-Name-First: Mohammed Ziaul
Author-X-Name-Last: Haider
Author-Name: Md. Sariful Islam
Author-X-Name-First: Md. Sariful
Author-X-Name-Last: Islam
Title: Optimal use of pesticide for paddy production in the south-west region of Bangladesh
Abstract:
Use of pesticide in agricultural production abates crop damages from pest attack. However, it affects farmers’ health and environmental ecology negatively. Hence, revealing socially optimal level of pesticide use is an essence. We estimate such optimal level by accounting both positive and negative effects through using damage control and willingness to pay approaches, and then, compute associated social welfare gain for paddy production in the south-west region of Bangladesh. Similar studies focusing paddy production, one of the most pesticide-intensive agricultural practices in Bangladesh, have not been found in the literature. The study finds the socially optimal level of pesticide use to be 1081 gram/acre against the mean use 1600 gram/acre. Accordingly, around 32 percent of mean pesticide is overused, though it is far below than the private optimal level. Adoption of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) technology with training limits such overuses close to socially optimal level. This adoption generates substantial health and environmental benefit of BDT 4902 per acre at a cost of private loss BDT 241 per acre. Hence, social welfare gain is around BDT 4660 per acre or around US$ 200 million in aggregate. However, this estimate widely varies with the adoption of IPM with or without training.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 433-457
Issue: 4
Volume: 6
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1333461
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1333461
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:4:p:433-457
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Acknowledgement of Referees, 2016–2017
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 458-459
Issue: 4
Volume: 6
Year: 2017
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1392699
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1392699
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:4:p:458-459
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Benjamin A. Jones
Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Jones
Author-Name: Robert P. Berrens
Author-X-Name-First: Robert P.
Author-X-Name-Last: Berrens
Author-Name: Hank Jenkins-Smith
Author-X-Name-First: Hank
Author-X-Name-Last: Jenkins-Smith
Author-Name: Carol Silva
Author-X-Name-First: Carol
Author-X-Name-Last: Silva
Author-Name: Joseph Ripberger
Author-X-Name-First: Joseph
Author-X-Name-Last: Ripberger
Author-Name: Deven Carlson
Author-X-Name-First: Deven
Author-X-Name-Last: Carlson
Title: Inclusive non-market valuation in Coupled Human and Natural Systems (CHANS): a motivating theory
Abstract:
Selectively focusing non-market valuation studies for operational changes in singular stretches or components of complex, coupled human and natural systems (CHANS) ignores important social and cultural dimensions of value. If economists pursue measurement of non-market values in CHANS, then an inclusive approach is required that is not biased towards one value frame (e.g. environmental amenities in one stretch or area) in contested, multi-dimensional policy domains. Ignoring social and cultural value dimensions, or environmental effects or trade-offs in other areas or dimensions, can lead to biased willingness to pay estimates for proposed operational changes, biased benefit-cost analyses, and hence misinformed or inefficient policy outcomes. This analysis provides a conceptual approach for elicitation of non-market values in CHANS using hydroelectric dams on interconnected river systems as an archetypical coupled system. A motivating theory for CHANS valuation and how it compares to traditional, singular measurements of environmental and resource values is provided. Lessons learned from the hydropower context are generalisable to other CHANS where contested environmental, social and cultural dimensions of value exist. This work has important policy implications for measuring a broader, more inclusive range of non-market values and public preferences.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 1-16
Issue: 1
Volume: 8
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1479315
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1479315
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:1:p:1-16
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Cesar Augusto Ruiz–Agudelo
Author-X-Name-First: Cesar Augusto
Author-X-Name-Last: Ruiz–Agudelo
Author-Name: German Sánchez Pérez
Author-X-Name-First: German
Author-X-Name-Last: Sánchez Pérez
Author-Name: Jorge Enrique Sáenz
Author-X-Name-First: Jorge Enrique
Author-X-Name-Last: Sáenz
Author-Name: Luz Aydée Higuera Cárdenas
Author-X-Name-First: Luz Aydée
Author-X-Name-Last: Higuera Cárdenas
Title: Biodiversity and growth in Colombia, 1995–2015: an approach from the environmental kuznets hypothesis
Abstract:
The literature that studied the ratio between economy and environment has been concerned with contrasting the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis (EKC). Traditionally, environmental degradation has been measured through some ‘proxy’ of air pollution (CO2, for example). This paper contrasts the EKC hypothesis validity for Colombia, in the period 1995–2015; but, unlike traditional studies, biodiversity was taken as an environmental damage variable, which is calculated from the endangered species total number. The per capita income, the GINI coefficient, the environmental performance index of Yale University (EPI) and the literacy rate were included as explanatory variables. The results show that the EKC hypothesis is not met for Colombia in the estimated period. It is possible to conclude that the relationship between the environment and economic growth is context depend.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 17-31
Issue: 1
Volume: 8
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1491894
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1491894
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:1:p:17-31
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: J. A. Bouma
Author-X-Name-First: J. A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Bouma
Author-Name: M. Verbraak
Author-X-Name-First: M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Verbraak
Author-Name: F. Dietz
Author-X-Name-First: F.
Author-X-Name-Last: Dietz
Author-Name: R. Brouwer
Author-X-Name-First: R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Brouwer
Title: Policy mix: mess or merit?
Abstract:
Many researchers and policy makers have called for optimal policy mixes to address major issues such as climate change and biodiversity conservation. This paper i) screens and reviews the wider academic literature to define the concept of policy mixes; ii) discusses the justifications for using a policymix and iii) explores the methodologies for evaluating them. In defining a policymix we distinguish between policy objective mixes and policy instrument mixes. Justifications for policy objective mixes generally lie in the domain of distributional concerns and other political issues, whereas justifications for policy instrument mixes are mostly related to specific market, governance or behavioural failures. We reflect on the different justifications and discuss their role in policy mix design and evaluation. We consider the challenges of policy mix evaluation and discuss the potential of experimental methods for policy evaluation and design. We conclude that the design and evaluation of policy mixes requires a mix of methods, since no single method can effectively assess the various welfare impacts of different policy instruments. In addition, we recommend that a policymix evaluation starts by disentangling the different policy objectives, means and instruments in order to be able to define, justify and assess the societal impact and cost-effectiveness of policy instrument design.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 32-47
Issue: 1
Volume: 8
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1494636
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1494636
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:1:p:32-47
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul Kilgarriff
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Kilgarriff
Author-Name: Thomas K. J. McDermott
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas K. J.
Author-X-Name-Last: McDermott
Author-Name: Amaya Vega
Author-X-Name-First: Amaya
Author-X-Name-Last: Vega
Author-Name: Karyn Morrissey
Author-X-Name-First: Karyn
Author-X-Name-Last: Morrissey
Author-Name: Cathal O'Donoghue
Author-X-Name-First: Cathal
Author-X-Name-Last: O'Donoghue
Title: The impact of flooding disruption on the spatial distribution of commuter's income
Abstract:
Flooding already imposes substantial costs to the economy. Costs are expected to rise in future, both as a result of changing weather patterns due to climate change, but also because of changes in exposure to flood risk resulting from socio-economic trends such as economic growth and urbanisation. Existing cost estimates tend to focus on direct damages, excluding potentially important indirect effects such as disruptions to transport and other essential services. This paper estimates the costs to commuters as a result of travel disruptions caused by a flooding event. Using Galway, Ireland as a case study, the commuting travel times under the status quo and during the period of the floods and estimated additional costs imposed, are simulated for every commuter. Results show those already facing large commuting costs are burdened with extra costs with those in rural areas particularly vulnerable. In areas badly affected, extra costs amount to 39% of earnings (during the period of disruption), while those on lower incomes suffer proportionately greater losses. Commuting is found to have a regressive impact on the income distribution, increasing the Gini coefficient from 0.32 to 0.38.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 48-64
Issue: 1
Volume: 8
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1502098
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1502098
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:1:p:48-64
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kathy A. Paulson Gjerde
Author-X-Name-First: Kathy A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Paulson Gjerde
Author-Name: Peter Z. Grossman
Author-X-Name-First: Peter Z.
Author-X-Name-Last: Grossman
Author-Name: Daniel H. Cole
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Cole
Title: Environmental instrument choice in a non-linear world
Abstract:
The substantial literature on environmental instrument choice under uncertainty has provided valuable insights using simplifying assumptions of linear marginal cost and benefit curves and additive error terms to determine when and why a price or quantity instrument should be preferred. But empirical analysis has shown that linearity and additivity are not the norm. This paper explores the formal properties of instrument choice when the marginal benefit and marginal cost curves are non-linear; the error term is multiplicative and assumed to be exponential; and the choice is expanded to include comparisons among different price and different quantity regimes, as well as choices between these types. In this more realistic environment, we show that small changes in variance and parameter values can have a significant impact on optimal instrument choices.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 65-78
Issue: 1
Volume: 8
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1505554
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1505554
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:1:p:65-78
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Raul P. Lejano
Author-X-Name-First: Raul P.
Author-X-Name-Last: Lejano
Author-Name: Li Li
Author-X-Name-First: Li
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Title: Cooperative game-theoretic perspectives on global climate action: Evaluating international carbon reduction agreements
Abstract:
The theory of cooperative n-person games offers a rigorous approach for analysing multilateral real-world agreements, but its practical application is hindered by the exacting data requirements demanded by the fully specified theoretical models. In this article, we demonstrate how the formal analytic can be made more amenable to application. We utilize our approach to model international climate negotiations as an n-person cooperative game, the solution of which allocates carbon reductions across the grand coalition of nations. Using a simplified game to represent the carbon reduction allocation problem, we obtain theoretical solutions using a game-theoretic concept known as the proportional nucleolus. The solution to the game allows us to ideally determine countries’ relative percentage carbon reductions. These theoretical results are compared against actual commitments established in the Paris Agreement of 2015. The paper discusses the implications of the game-theoretic results, including the significant under-commitment of nations such as the United States. More generally, the approach developed herein provides an illustration of how rigorous game-theoretic methods can be adapted to the practical considerations of policy analysis.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 79-89
Issue: 1
Volume: 8
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1508373
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1508373
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:1:p:79-89
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christian Spindler
Author-X-Name-First: Christian
Author-X-Name-Last: Spindler
Author-Name: Jalal Dehnavi
Author-X-Name-First: Jalal
Author-X-Name-Last: Dehnavi
Author-Name: Franz Wirl
Author-X-Name-First: Franz
Author-X-Name-Last: Wirl
Title: Individuals' valuation of a publicly provided private good evidence from a field study
Abstract:
This paper assesses the Willingness to Pay (WTP) for a publicly provided bike sharing service whose costs are in large part covered by the municipality of Vienna, Austria. The following characteristics render it valuable for analyses: the possibility to free ride, a (perceived) positive externality of use, negligible income effects, perfect substitutability, and the credibility of valuation scenarios. We also address the disparity between Willingness to Accept (WTA) and WTP, and we find a mean WTP of EUR 1.2 for the bike sharing system and a disparity of 2:1 (WTA to WTP). Female participants as well as respondents who condition their valuation on those of others are willing to contribute more; and surprisingly those who actually use the bike sharing system as well as environmentally concerned respondents have a lower WTP. This Environmental Concern Paradox can be explained by an incorporation of positive externalities into individual valuation decisions.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 90-108
Issue: 1
Volume: 8
Year: 2019
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1509734
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1509734
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:1:p:90-108
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marie Sophie Hervieux
Author-X-Name-First: Marie Sophie
Author-X-Name-Last: Hervieux
Author-Name: Olivier Darné
Author-X-Name-First: Olivier
Author-X-Name-Last: Darné
Title: Production and consumption-based approaches for the environmental Kuznets curve using ecological footprint
Abstract:
We examine the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis using the ecological footprint (EF), a more comprehensive indicator of environmental degradation, for 11 countries covering the 1971–2007 period. We test the EKC hypothesis using a traditional quadratic function from both the supply and consumption side, adding several explicative variables: urbanisation, petrol price and industrialisation for the supply side; biocapacity, life expectancy and energy use for the consumption side. We perform an autoregressive distributed lagged modelling in order to study both short- and long-run periods. We find that there is no stable relationship between the environment and economic development in the long-run. For the short-run analysis, the EKC hypothesis is supported for no one, we rather find an increasing relationship between growth and environment. Results for explicative variables are mixed: for the production-side approach, industrialisation appears to have a positive impact on EF for Sweden, but a negative one for Portugal and Spain. For the consumption-side approach, energy use seems to have a positive impact on EF for Argentina and Colombia whereas biocapacity and life expectancy have a positive and negative impact, respectively, on EF for Paraguay. Lastly, biocapacity has a positive impact on EF for Canada but negative for Norway, likely depending on levels of biocapacity and ecological reserve.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 318-334
Issue: 3
Volume: 5
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2015.1090346
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2015.1090346
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:5:y:2016:i:3:p:318-334
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rachael M. Brown
Author-X-Name-First: Rachael M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Brown
Author-Name: Carl R. Dillon
Author-X-Name-First: Carl R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Dillon
Author-Name: Jack Schieffer
Author-X-Name-First: Jack
Author-X-Name-Last: Schieffer
Author-Name: Jordan M. Shockley
Author-X-Name-First: Jordan M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Shockley
Title: The carbon footprint and economic impact of precision agriculture technology on a corn and soybean farm
Abstract:
This study explores the environmental and economic implications of precision agriculture technologies (PATs) to partially fill the void in empirically based estimates in the available published literature. In doing so, the carbon footprint of a Kentucky grain farmer under different production strategies is estimated. A BASE model was optimised without utilising any PATs and compared to models which did incorporate three PATs: sub-meter auto-steer, RTK auto-steer and automatic section control. The four whole farm analysis models were formulated under no-till conditions. These models were used to determine if these PATs (1) increase expected mean net returns and/or (2) enhance the carbon output–input ratio. The results show that all PATs produce improvements in both economic and environmental measures over the BASE model. Specifically, automatic section control gave the greatest economic improvement with a mean net return that was 0.59% over the BASE while RTK provided the greatest environmental enhancement with an improvement of 2.42% over the BASE model. All of the improvements over the BASE scenario can be attributed to the adoption of PAT in the models.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 335-348
Issue: 3
Volume: 5
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2015.1090932
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2015.1090932
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:5:y:2016:i:3:p:335-348
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tanya O'Garra
Author-X-Name-First: Tanya
Author-X-Name-Last: O'Garra
Author-Name: Susana Mourato
Author-X-Name-First: Susana
Author-X-Name-Last: Mourato
Title: Are we willing to give what it takes? Willingness to pay for climate change adaptation in developing countries
Abstract:
Climate change adaptation is gaining traction as a necessary policy alongside mitigation, particularly for developing countries, many of which lack the resources to adapt. However, funding for developing country adaptation remains woefully inadequate. This paper identifies the burden of responsibility that individuals in the UK are willing to incur in support of adaptation projects in developing countries. Results from a nationally representative survey indicate that UK residents are willing to contribute £27 per year (or a median of £6 per year) towards developing country adaptation (US$30 and $7 using the World Bank's purchasing power conversion factors). This represents less than one-third of the back-of-the-envelope $100–$140 per capita per year that the authors estimate would be needed to raise the $70–$100 bn/yr recommended by the World Bank to fund developing country adaptation. Regressions indicate that willingness to pay is driven mostly by a combination of beliefs and perceptions about one's own knowledge levels, rather than actual knowledge of climate change. We conclude that, to engage the many different audiences that make up the ‘public’, communication efforts must move beyond the simple provision of information and instead, connect with people's existing values and beliefs.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 249-264
Issue: 3
Volume: 5
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2015.1100560
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2015.1100560
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:5:y:2016:i:3:p:249-264
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anna-Kaisa Kosenius
Author-X-Name-First: Anna-Kaisa
Author-X-Name-Last: Kosenius
Author-Name: Paula Horne
Author-X-Name-First: Paula
Author-X-Name-Last: Horne
Title: Welfare effects of mining externalities: a combined travel cost and contingent behaviour study
Abstract:
This paper applied the combination of travel cost method and contingent behaviour method to estimate the change in the recreational use value of the tourism site as a result of the adjacent mine implementation. The externalities considered were the visibility of the mine to the highest peaks of the area, traffic and noise effects, impacts on endangered aquatic species, and impacts on recreational possibilities. The data, containing five observations from each respondent, were analysed with the negative binomial count data model. The results show the sensitivity of visitors to the geographical scope and magnitude of mining externalities and to the visibility of the mine to the highest peaks. Moreover, the number of intended visits to the area correlates with gender, age, and recreational activities. Compared to an average visitor of the site, anglers, paddlers, and overnight hikers were subject to larger losses in welfare. Alternative scenarios on future mining externalities correspond to 29%–86% reductions in annual number of trips, corresponding to an annual welfare loss of 196–577€ for an average tourist.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 265-282
Issue: 3
Volume: 5
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2015.1107511
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2015.1107511
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:5:y:2016:i:3:p:265-282
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: O. Ashton Morgan
Author-X-Name-First: O. Ashton
Author-X-Name-Last: Morgan
Author-Name: John C. Whitehead
Author-X-Name-First: John C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Whitehead
Author-Name: William L. Huth
Author-X-Name-First: William L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Huth
Title: Accounting for heterogeneity in behavioural responses to health-risk information treatments
Abstract:
Traditional revealed and stated preference models consider a typical individual's behavioural responses to various policy-based information treatments. For some cost–benefit applications in which resource managers are concerned with responses from a representative individual, this is sufficient. However, as behavioural responses to information treatments can vary across respondents, we develop a latent class analysis with covariates to examine unobserved heterogeneity responses to health-risk information treatments. Results from a probabilistic model indicate that classes of consumers respond differently to the health-risk information treatments. Principally, we find that the media form of the information treatment is important, with raw consumer groups typically more responsive to a brochure information treatment, while cooked oyster consumers are more responsive to the same information in a video format. We also find that a proposed US Food and Drug Administration policy on processing all raw oysters before market has a greater effect on reducing demand for consumers of cooked oysters. However, with an associated price premium, all consumer classes reduce demand. Overall, the results suggest that future policy-based research could benefit from examining potential heterogeneity in individuals’ responses to risk information treatments in order to fully understand the efficacy of treatments on behaviour.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 283-297
Issue: 3
Volume: 5
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2015.1115747
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2015.1115747
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:5:y:2016:i:3:p:283-297
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Maria Noring
Author-X-Name-First: Maria
Author-X-Name-Last: Noring
Author-Name: Linus Hasselström
Author-X-Name-First: Linus
Author-X-Name-Last: Hasselström
Author-Name: Cecilia Håkansson
Author-X-Name-First: Cecilia
Author-X-Name-Last: Håkansson
Author-Name: Åsa Soutukorva
Author-X-Name-First: Åsa
Author-X-Name-Last: Soutukorva
Author-Name: Åsa Gren
Author-X-Name-First: Åsa
Author-X-Name-Last: Gren
Title: Valuation of oil spill risk reductions in the Arctic
Abstract:
In this study, data from a contingent valuation (CV) study in Lofoten, Norway, are used to assess the value of ecosystem services at risk from oil spills in the Arctic. It is investigated to which extent subjective opinion about the probability of a potential oil spill steers respondents’ willingness to pay (WTP) for reducing risk. The respondents’ preferences are analysed for ecosystem services. Finally, differences in WTP for two hypothetical spill scenarios are considered: one where measures are taken to reduce the probability of a spill and one where measures are taken to reduce the probability and impacts in the event of an accident. The findings indicate that measures should focus on alleviating the impacts of oil spills on ecosystem services generally, rather than on any specific ecosystem service. Furthermore, respondents’ perception of risk is higher than the estimated objective risk. The findings also suggest that respondents are more concerned about preventing the occurrence of oil spill accidents (usually considered to be more frequent than they actually are) compared to preventing the impacts of a spill. One policy implication is to focus more on policies that decrease the probability of spills than on policies that decrease the subsequent ecological impact.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 298-317
Issue: 3
Volume: 5
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2016.1155499
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2016.1155499
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:5:y:2016:i:3:p:298-317
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Editorial Board
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: ebi-ebi
Issue: 3
Volume: 5
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2016.1215597
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2016.1215597
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:5:y:2016:i:3:p:ebi-ebi
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Acknowledgement of Referees, 2015-2016
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 349-349
Issue: 3
Volume: 5
Year: 2016
Month: 9
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2016.1216306
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2016.1216306
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:5:y:2016:i:3:p:349-349
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Malte Oehlmann
Author-X-Name-First: Malte
Author-X-Name-Last: Oehlmann
Author-Name: Jürgen Meyerhoff
Author-X-Name-First: Jürgen
Author-X-Name-Last: Meyerhoff
Title: Stated preferences towards renewable energy alternatives in Germany – do the consequentiality of the survey and trust in institutions matter?
Abstract:
This research concerns the effect of consequentiality and trust in institutions on willingness to pay estimates towards the expansion of renewable energy in Germany. We use four information treatments which differ in terms of the information participants received prior to a discrete choice experiment. Treatments differ with respect to a consequentiality device and the institution which would be responsible for providing the good under evaluation. After finishing the choice tasks, respondents stated their perceived consequentiality and trust in institutions. We find perceived policy consequentiality to be strongly associated with the trust individuals have in both providing institutions. Moreover, compared to the treatments which did not highlight the consequences of the survey, participants are more inclined to perceive their responses to be at least somewhat consequential when the consequentiality device was presented. However, willingness to pay estimates do neither differ across treatments nor by the level of perceived consequentiality. We speculate that as the expansion of renewable energy is strongly debated with the public having a wide range of beliefs and political views, the requirements for consequential choices are not met.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 1-16
Issue: 1
Volume: 6
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2016.1139468
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2016.1139468
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:1:p:1-16
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ram Ranjan
Author-X-Name-First: Ram
Author-X-Name-Last: Ranjan
Title: Tuskers, tasty crops and the forest tribes in between: managing HECs through financial incentives in human–elephant–forest ecosystems
Abstract:
Managing human–elephant conflicts can be challenging, especially when they arise as a result of an increase in elephant populations made possible through decades of conservation efforts. In addition to causing elephant mortality, the economic costs of such conflicts to the affected farming communities can be significant. In this paper, we explore the effectiveness of various financial compensation schemes provided to the affected farmers when their crops are damaged by elephant raiding. A bio-economic model involving elephant and forest stock dynamics is incorporated within an optimal crop choice model of the farming community. Results indicate that flat compensation schemes based on a certain percentage of crop damages cause perverse incentives in crop choice decisions, and yet could be beneficial to the environment. Whereas, crop-ratio-based compensation schemes targeted at reducing human–elephant conflicts through encouraging planting of crops that are less palatable to elephants may or may not be effective in conserving elephant population. Several key characteristics of the human–elephant–forest ecosystem interact to determine the efficaciousness of financial incentives, and outcomes vary across types of affected communities depending upon whether they are primarily agrarian or forestry based.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 79-95
Issue: 1
Volume: 6
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2016.1162209
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2016.1162209
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:1:p:79-95
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Danny Campbell
Author-X-Name-First: Danny
Author-X-Name-Last: Campbell
Author-Name: Morten Raun Mørkbak
Author-X-Name-First: Morten Raun
Author-X-Name-Last: Mørkbak
Author-Name: Søren Bøye Olsen
Author-X-Name-First: Søren Bøye
Author-X-Name-Last: Olsen
Title: Response time in online stated choice experiments: the non-triviality of identifying fast and slow respondents
Abstract:
In this paper, we use paradata relating to the length of time respondents required in a self-administered online stated preference surveys. Although this issue has been previously explored, there is little guidance on how to identify and deal with ‘fast’ and ‘slow’ respondents. In this paper, we use scale-adjusted latent class models to address preference and variance heterogeneity and explore how class membership varies with response latency. To test our methodology, we use stated choice data collected via an online survey to establish German anglers’ preferences for fishing site attributes in Denmark. Results from our analysis corroborate that response latency has a bearing on the estimates of utility coefficients and the error variance. Although the results highlight the non-triviality of identifying fast and slow respondents, they signal the need to estimate a large number of candidate models to identify the most appropriate ‘fast’ and ‘slow’ thresholds. Not doing so is likely to lead to an inferior model and has repercussions for marginal willingness to pay estimates and choice predictions.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 17-35
Issue: 1
Volume: 6
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2016.1167632
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2016.1167632
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:1:p:17-35
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anthea Coggan
Author-X-Name-First: Anthea
Author-X-Name-Last: Coggan
Author-Name: Martijn van Grieken
Author-X-Name-First: Martijn
Author-X-Name-Last: van Grieken
Author-Name: Xavier Jardi
Author-X-Name-First: Xavier
Author-X-Name-Last: Jardi
Author-Name: Alexis Boullier
Author-X-Name-First: Alexis
Author-X-Name-Last: Boullier
Title: Does asset specificity influence transaction costs and adoption? An analysis of sugarcane farmers in the Great Barrier Reef catchments
Abstract:
A number of improved farming activities (IFAs) have been proven to reduce the sediment and nutrient impact of sugarcane farming on the world heritage listed Great Barrier Reef (Australia). Some of these also have the potential to improve the profitability of sugarcane farming. Despite this, sugarcane farmers remain reluctant to adopt these practices which suggest that perhaps the transaction costs of adoption are greater than the benefits. In this paper we classify IFAs as requiring investments in assets that are either highly asset-specific or of low asset specificity. Specificity relates to how transferable the investment is to other parts of the farming operation. Following a survey of sugarcane farmers we find that sugarcane farmers adopting IFAs considered to be of low asset specificity have the highest transaction costs. We provide some explanations for this result, some policy recommendations and also highlight some issues relating to the application of a theoretical construct such as asset specificity to real-world problem analysis.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 36-50
Issue: 1
Volume: 6
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2016.1175975
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2016.1175975
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:1:p:36-50
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: R. David Simpson
Author-X-Name-First: R. David
Author-X-Name-Last: Simpson
Title: The simple but not-too-simple valuation of ecosystem services: basic principles and an illustrative example
Abstract:
Albert Einstein is reputed to have said ‘Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler.’ This is good advice for valuing ecosystem services. The fundamental principle of economic valuation is simple, but powerful: value is determined on the margin. This means that context is crucial in estimating ecosystem service values and, therefore, ‘benefit transfer’ exercises that fail to account for location and relative abundance are, at best, meaningless, and at worst, counterproductive. I illustrate the principles of valuation with the example of water purification by riparian buffers. Values can differ greatly over even relatively small areas, and some ostensibly paradoxical results can arise.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 96-106
Issue: 1
Volume: 6
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2016.1184594
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2016.1184594
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:1:p:96-106
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jie He
Author-X-Name-First: Jie
Author-X-Name-Last: He
Author-Name: Jérôme Dupras
Author-X-Name-First: Jérôme
Author-X-Name-Last: Dupras
Author-Name: Thomas G. Poder
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas
Author-X-Name-Last: G. Poder
Title: The value of wetlands in Quebec: a comparison between contingent valuation and choice experiment
Abstract:
This study aims to evaluate the non-market values of ecosystem services generated by wetlands in southern Quebec. To accomplish this, we evaluated the value of wetland services related to (1) habitat for biodiversity, (2) flood control, (3) water quality and (4) climate regulation. Two non-market valuation methods are proposed, contingent valuation and choice experiment. Our study aims to measure both the population's willingness to pay (WTP) for wetland preservation and restoration and to understand which environmental attributes and socioeconomic characteristics motivate people's responses. We also compared the results of the two methods. Our conclusion suggests that the two methods provide statistically convergent WTP values, both in total value and in relative importance for different attributes involved. Our result also confirms the coefficient equivalence between the estimation models using the data from the two methods.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 51-78
Issue: 1
Volume: 6
Year: 2017
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2016.1199976
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2016.1199976
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:1:p:51-78
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Grazia Cecere
Author-X-Name-First: Grazia
Author-X-Name-Last: Cecere
Author-Name: Nick Johnstone
Author-X-Name-First: Nick
Author-X-Name-Last: Johnstone
Author-Name: Gionata Castaldi
Author-X-Name-First: Gionata
Author-X-Name-Last: Castaldi
Title: Information and rewards: results of a field experiment on printing activity
Abstract:
Improved understanding of the nature and extent of individual concern for environmental issues is crucial for policy makers. The present article uses a within-subject field experiment to measure the impact on the consumption of paper of the provision of environmental information on the one hand and a reward on the other hand. It is found that adding the provision of a reward results in a greater decrease in the consumption of paper relative to the case where there is only the provision of information. However, it is important to note that while intrinsically motivated individuals reduce the consumption of paper in response to the provision of information, for this group there is no effect from the provision of a reward. In terms of policy and managerial implications, it is interesting to note that the different treatments have different impacts depending on the underlying personal norms of the agents. We are also able to test the responsiveness of the subjects to the treatments controlling for demographic characteristics and professional responsibilities.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 117-129
Issue: 2
Volume: 7
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1369166
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1369166
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:2:p:117-129
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Waleed Aleadelat
Author-X-Name-First: Waleed
Author-X-Name-Last: Aleadelat
Author-Name: Khaled Ksaibati
Author-X-Name-First: Khaled
Author-X-Name-Last: Ksaibati
Title: A comprehensive approach for quantifying environmental costs associated with unpaved roads dust
Abstract:
This study attempted to quantify the environmental damage costs associated with unpaved roads dust in Wyoming. Dust has profound impacts on human health, agriculture, and livestock. Incorporating the environmental impacts in the decision making process can highly enhance the planning process and maximise the social welfare especially at the local level. It was found that, dust associated with unpaved roads is responsible for environmental damages that worth $2429/mile/year. The majority of this cost is related to changes in annual crops yield (68%) and human health (38%). Unpaved roads dust seems to have a minor impact on livestock production (1%). The total estimated environmental damage costs in Wyoming is $32 million/year. This value is equal to 0.08% of the total Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and 4.7% of the gross value added by the agriculture sector in the state. In addition, these impacts represent 0.1% of the total personal income in the state. A life cycle cost comparison showed that maintaining unpaved roads using chemical suppressants is 48% cheaper than traditional maintenance methods considering service life and environmental impacts. The obtained results from this analysis can be used as basis for cost to benefit evaluations in the management process.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 130-144
Issue: 2
Volume: 7
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1374214
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1374214
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:2:p:130-144
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Abdalla Sirag
Author-X-Name-First: Abdalla
Author-X-Name-Last: Sirag
Author-Name: Bolaji Tunde Matemilola
Author-X-Name-First: Bolaji Tunde
Author-X-Name-Last: Matemilola
Author-Name: Siong Hook Law
Author-X-Name-First: Siong Hook
Author-X-Name-Last: Law
Author-Name: A. N Bany-Ariffin
Author-X-Name-First: A. N
Author-X-Name-Last: Bany-Ariffin
Title: Does environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis exist? Evidence from dynamic panel threshold
Abstract:
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have been rising globally and have raised public concern regarding their detrimental effects to human life. This article investigates the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis in developing countries in a nonlinear framework. The article applies the dynamic panel threshold method, which is able to estimate the EKC turning point. The main findings reveal the existence of a nonlinear relationship between income (GDP per capita) and carbon dioxide emissions. Precisely, for developing countries (low and middle income) the results reveal that GDP per capita is positive and significantly related to CO2 emissions, below and above the threshold. These results challenge the validity of the EKC hypothesis in developing countries, suggesting that developing countries are still below the desired income turning point, at which better economic development will lead to reduced environmental damage. Based on the study findings, it may be inappropriate for the policymakers in developing countries to adopt the EKC postulate as the theoretical basis for policies favouring economic growth.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 145-165
Issue: 2
Volume: 7
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1382395
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1382395
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:2:p:145-165
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Victor Moutinho
Author-X-Name-First: Victor
Author-X-Name-Last: Moutinho
Author-Name: Celeste Varum
Author-X-Name-First: Celeste
Author-X-Name-Last: Varum
Author-Name: Jorge Mota
Author-X-Name-First: Jorge
Author-X-Name-Last: Mota
Title: The environment–growth dilemma: new evidence using a panel cointegration approach
Abstract:
This paper contributes to the literature by extending the long-run and the causal relationship between greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption and economic growth to a panel of 13 Portuguese economic sectors over the period 1975–2013. Hence, we test for the case of Portugal whether a relationship between economic activity and emissions exists, and what configuration that relation assumes, accounting for the structure of the economic activity, an aspect that has been neglected in previous literature. The sectoral approach followed in the study allows to account for the likely heterogeneity at sectoral level, to account for the structure of the economic activity and its changes over time, leading to an environment-economic analysis complementary to other findings. In this respect, the research on the relationship between emissions, energy consumption and economic growth carried out in this paper may be of relevance for policy-makers to better understand the energy–environment–growth dynamics. Such knowledge may support the design and implementation of more effective policies, which contribute to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases while preserving economic growth.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 166-183
Issue: 2
Volume: 7
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1383312
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1383312
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:2:p:166-183
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Onur Sapci
Author-X-Name-First: Onur
Author-X-Name-Last: Sapci
Author-Name: Jason F. Shogren
Author-X-Name-First: Jason F.
Author-X-Name-Last: Shogren
Title: Environmental quality, human capital and growth
Abstract:
This study uses U.S. county-level pollution changes from 2007 to 2009 induced by the 2007–2009 recession to measure the impact of changes in air quality on human capital. The exogenous shocks to air quality are induced by a recession in manufacturing and construction sectors. This study compares the changes in human capital in counties that had large pollution reductions to the changes in human capital in counties with small pollution reductions while controlling for income changes and other heterogeneous trends across counties. We first present a motivating model to show how environmental degradation affects human capital investments through negative health effects. The model illustrates how poor environmental quality can slow economic growth due to negative impacts on human capital. Using an extensive panel data for U.S. counties, the empirical results show that a 1% reduction in pollution increases the human capital stock by 0.10%.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 184-203
Issue: 2
Volume: 7
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1384403
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1384403
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:2:p:184-203
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard Mulwa
Author-X-Name-First: Richard
Author-X-Name-Last: Mulwa
Author-Name: Jane Kabubo-Mariara
Author-X-Name-First: Jane
Author-X-Name-Last: Kabubo-Mariara
Author-Name: Wilfred Nyangena
Author-X-Name-First: Wilfred
Author-X-Name-Last: Nyangena
Title: Recreational value and optimal pricing of national parks: lessons from Maasai Mara in Kenya
Abstract:
This paper estimates the recreational value and optimal pricing for recreation services in the Maasai Mara National Park in Kenya. To achieve this objective, data from 323 Park visitors were collected. Single-site individual travel cost method (ITCM) using count data models [zero truncated Poisson (ZTP), zero truncated negative binomial (ZTNB), negative binomial with endogenous stratification (NBSTRAT), and Poisson with endogenous stratification (PSTRAT)] was applied. Results show a consumer surplus of US$ 115 per visitor per day, which translates to a Park recreational value of is US$ 73.076 million per year. The optimal conservation fee that would maximize revenue for the Park was estimated at US$ 86.90 per day, a value which is less than the consumer surplus. To maximize revenue, the Park managers can therefore hike the price to capture some consumer surplus or invest in substitute facilities to increase expenditure at the site (onsite costs). It's also important to note that the value estimated in this study is for recreation only. There are other ecosystem services (provisioning, regulating, cultural and supporting) which are produced in the Park. These should also be captured and paid for, so as to avail more funds for conservation and production of more ecosystem services.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 204-222
Issue: 2
Volume: 7
Year: 2018
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1391716
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1391716
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:2:p:204-222
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xuanhao He
Author-X-Name-First: Xuanhao
Author-X-Name-Last: He
Author-Name: Na Lu
Author-X-Name-First: Na
Author-X-Name-Last: Lu
Author-Name: Robert P. Berrens
Author-X-Name-First: Robert P.
Author-X-Name-Last: Berrens
Title: The case of the missing negative externality? Housing market effects of fracking in the Niobrara shale play, Colorado
Abstract:
Recent rapid growth of shale gas exploration in the state of Colorado (CO) and elsewhere in the United States has caused considerable public concern over potential environmental costs to local communities, proximal to the location of energy development. In Weld County, CO, shale gas exploration has grown substantially since 2013. Both population and new construction of houses also increased significantly after 2012. Combined, this increased the potential for negative externalities. The objective of the analysis is to apply the hedonic pricing method, using single-family residential data from October 2014 to March 2017 and a temporal-spatial identification strategy, to estimate the environmental cost of shale gas exploration on nearby house prices in Weld County, CO. However, results from spatial econometric models provide no evidence of significant environmental impacts on housing values. Our policy discussion explores a possible Coasian bargaining solution as the source for this case of a missing negative externality. The energy and housing markets appear to be internalising externalities, where side payments from energy developers to homeowners are enough to compensate for any environmental impacts to housing.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 223-243
Issue: 3
Volume: 7
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1398683
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1398683
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:223-243
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jeff Bennett
Author-X-Name-First: Jeff
Author-X-Name-Last: Bennett
Author-Name: Jeremy Cheesman
Author-X-Name-First: Jeremy
Author-X-Name-Last: Cheesman
Author-Name: Keysha Milenkovic
Author-X-Name-First: Keysha
Author-X-Name-Last: Milenkovic
Title: Prioritising environmental management investments using the Contingent Valuation Method
Abstract:
An innovative application of the Contingent Valuation Method in the context of prioritising and assessing investments in improving waterway health is described. The approach provides respondents with a feedback loop that allows for a reassessment of amounts bid across a range of investment categories. It allows respondents the opportunity to consider trade-offs between different categories of waterway health investment and between overall waterway health expenditure and spending on other goods and services. The process also reinforces the consequentiality of the survey, thus encouraging the truthful revelation of preferences, and reduces the risk of part-whole bias. The results provide policy-makers with cost-effective inputs into practical decision making contexts.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 244-255
Issue: 3
Volume: 7
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1405848
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1405848
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:244-255
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gaspard Dumollard
Author-X-Name-First: Gaspard
Author-X-Name-Last: Dumollard
Author-Name: Stéphane De Cara
Author-X-Name-First: Stéphane
Author-X-Name-Last: De Cara
Title: Land allocation between a multiple-stand forest and agriculture under storm risk and recursive preferences
Abstract:
This study aims to characterise steady-state land allocations between a multiple-stand forest and agriculture, when the forest is subject to a storm risk. The landowner is supposed to have recursive preferences, which permits to distinguish between intertemporal preferences and risk preferences. Using a stochastic dynamic programming model, we show that both land allocation and forest management depend on the risk and on both types of preferences at the steady-state. Risk aversion is shown to favour land allocation to agriculture and to reduce the forest average harvest age while the preference for a regular income is shown to favour forestry and to reduce the average harvest age.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 256-268
Issue: 3
Volume: 7
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1409654
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1409654
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:256-268
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thijs Dekker
Author-X-Name-First: Thijs
Author-X-Name-Last: Dekker
Author-Name: Caspar G. Chorus
Author-X-Name-First: Caspar G.
Author-X-Name-Last: Chorus
Title: Consumer surplus for random regret minimisation models
Abstract:
This paper is the first to develop a measure of consumer surplus for the Random Regret Minimisation (RRM) model. Following a not so well-known approach proposed two decades ago, we measure (changes in) consumer surplus by studying (changes in) observed behaviour, i.e. the choice probability, in response to price (changes). We interpret the choice probability as a well-behaved approximation of the probabilistic demand curve and accordingly measure the consumer surplus as the area underneath this demand curve. The developed welfare measure enables researchers to assign a measure of consumer surplus to specific alternatives in the context of a given choice set. Moreover, we are able to value changes in the non-price attributes of a specific alternative. We illustrate how differences in consumer surplus between random regret and random utility models follow directly from the differences in their behavioural premises.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 269-286
Issue: 3
Volume: 7
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1424039
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1424039
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:269-286
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tadahiro Okuyama
Author-X-Name-First: Tadahiro
Author-X-Name-Last: Okuyama
Title: Economic valuation of reducing air pollutants for precautionary air conservation policies
Abstract:
The lack of air quality data related to consumer behaviour complicates the use of the demand function approach (DFA) to decide whether to implement air pollutant reduction projects. This study examines the applicability of face mask demand and analyses the impact factors responsible for the DFA. The value of the benefits ranged from USD 4.23 (JPY 508) to USD 103.83 (JPY 12,471). The results show that the DFA is applicable when using correspondence tables between air quality and health status.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 287-302
Issue: 3
Volume: 7
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1426500
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1426500
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:287-302
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Till Proeger
Author-X-Name-First: Till
Author-X-Name-Last: Proeger
Author-Name: Lukas Meub
Author-X-Name-First: Lukas
Author-X-Name-Last: Meub
Author-Name: Kilian Bizer
Author-X-Name-First: Kilian
Author-X-Name-Last: Bizer
Title: Tradable development rights under uncertainty: an experimental approach
Abstract:
Tradable development rights (TDR) are discussed as a mechanism to reduce land consumption while ensuring an efficient implementation of profitable building projects. We present a novel laboratory experiment on the feasibility of TDR and simulate the acquisition and trading of development rights. In particular, we investigate the effects of uncertainty in the revenues of land consumption projects. Overall, we find that TDR are reallocated as suggested by theory, although higher uncertainty has substantial detrimental effects on the distribution of land consumption projects and thus aggregate welfare. This enables us to formulate distinct policy implications for the design of TDR systems.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 303-323
Issue: 3
Volume: 7
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1429322
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1429322
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:303-323
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Carlos Herrera
Author-X-Name-First: Carlos
Author-X-Name-Last: Herrera
Author-Name: Ruerd Ruben
Author-X-Name-First: Ruerd
Author-X-Name-Last: Ruben
Author-Name: Geske Dijkstra
Author-X-Name-First: Geske
Author-X-Name-Last: Dijkstra
Title: Climate variability and vulnerability to poverty in Nicaragua
Abstract:
This study considers the effect of climate variability on vulnerability to poverty in Nicaragua. It discusses how such vulnerability could be measured and which heterogeneous effects can be expected. A multilevel empirical framework is applied, linking per capita consumption to household, regional and climate characteristics. Results confirm a negative effect of climate variability on consumption per capita of Nicaraguan households. This suggests the need for stronger public policies and more resources in order to adapt to the effect of climate change. Furthermore, the poverty reduction attainments reached since the 1990s could be jeopardized if this vulnerability persists.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 324-344
Issue: 3
Volume: 7
Year: 2018
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1433070
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1433070
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:324-344
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Guanlong Fu
Author-X-Name-First: Guanlong
Author-X-Name-Last: Fu
Author-Name: Emi Uchida
Author-X-Name-First: Emi
Author-X-Name-Last: Uchida
Author-Name: Muna Shah
Author-X-Name-First: Muna
Author-X-Name-Last: Shah
Author-Name: Xiangzheng Deng
Author-X-Name-First: Xiangzheng
Author-X-Name-Last: Deng
Title: Impact of the Grain for Green program on forest cover in China
Abstract:
China’s Grain for Green (GFG) program, one of the world’s largest Payments for Environmental Services programs, has been implemented for more than ten years. However, empirical evidence on its impact on increasing the forest cover is still lacking. The goal of this research is to estimate GFG’s effect on the total forest cover and examine its heterogeneity across four types of forests. To do so, we utilize a rich panel of GIS data set (1988–2008) containing 409 counties in four provinces. We found a small but significant treatment impact on increasing the total forest cover as well as three out of four types of forest cover, but that the impact is not equal across the forest types. We discuss the implications of these findings in future program design.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 231-249
Issue: 3
Volume: 8
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1552626
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1552626
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:3:p:231-249
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: David Schimmelpfennig
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Schimmelpfennig
Title: Improvements in on-farm resource stewardship with profitable information technologies in rice production
Abstract:
Agricultural production can place burdens on natural environments. Profitable crop production practices can have unintended consequences on farm natural resources that are difficult to monitor. This article considers if precision agriculture’s (PrecAg) information technologies can influence the rates, and profit implications, of using best management practices (BMPs) to improve on-farm natural resource stewardship. If PrecAg can increase rice yields with better management of inputs, reducing costs, and increasing profits, resource stewardship may also benefit. U.S. national farm-level production data from NASS (USDA), confirm background hypotheses of links between PrecAg use and BMPs. The main objective is then to test these relationships in a single, comprehensive, treatment effects model that accounts for PrecAg use, resource stewardship, and rice-farm costs and profits. Capital investments in equipment and other fixed costs are included as adoption control variables. The sustainable BMP rice production practices considered include conservation tillage and erosion control, nutrient-level monitoring, crop rotations, scouting for weeds and pests, and written planning. Conservation tillage is significant in the model and lowers costs with all three PrecAg technologies, but reduces profits. Erosion control has the reverse effect with all three PrecAg technologies having a significant and positive affect on costs, but also raises profit.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 250-267
Issue: 3
Volume: 8
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1561329
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1561329
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:3:p:250-267
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mahamat Hamit-Haggar
Author-X-Name-First: Mahamat
Author-X-Name-Last: Hamit-Haggar
Title: Regional and sectoral level convergence of greenhouse gas emissions in Canada
Abstract:
We investigate the convergence of per capita greenhouse gas emissions across Canadian provinces and territories at the aggregate and sectoral levels over the period 1990–2014. The study is carried out by means of the novel regression-based technique that tests for convergence and club convergence proposed by Phillips and Sul [2007. “Transition Modeling and Econometric Convergence Tests.” Econometrica 75 (6): 1771–1855, 2009. “Economic Transition and Growth.” Journal of Applied Econometrics 24 (7): 1153–1185], which accounts for the heterogeneity of provinces. We observe that Canadian provinces and territories are characterized by various convergence clubs at the aggregate and sectoral levels. The existence of multiple steady state equilibria suggests that Canadian policy could be distinctly tailored to provinces and territories in a way that equitably distributes the burden of greenhouse gas emission reduction efforts to achieve national emissions reduction targets.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 268-282
Issue: 3
Volume: 8
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1569560
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1569560
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:3:p:268-282
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Aaron A. Elrod
Author-X-Name-First: Aaron A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Elrod
Author-Name: Arun S. Malik
Author-X-Name-First: Arun S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Malik
Title: The effect of county non-attainment status on the product mix of plants in the pulp, paper, and paperboard industries
Abstract:
This paper examines the effect of ground-level ozone county non-attainment status on the product-mix decisions of plants in the pulp, paper, and paperboard industries. Plants located in non-attainment counties face more stringent standards than plants located in attainment counties. These standards may plausibly induce firms to reduce output of pollution-intensive products (products that lead to ozone-forming emissions of volatile organic compounds) or drop some of these products entirely. Using a difference-in-differences strategy, we find evidence that plants in non-attainment counties (treatment group) are more likely to drop pollution-intensive products relative to non-pollution-intensive products compared to plants in attainment counties (control group).
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 283-300
Issue: 3
Volume: 8
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1569561
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1569561
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:3:p:283-300
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mehmet Kutluay
Author-X-Name-First: Mehmet
Author-X-Name-Last: Kutluay
Author-Name: Roy Brouwer
Author-X-Name-First: Roy
Author-X-Name-Last: Brouwer
Author-Name: Richard S. J. Tol
Author-X-Name-First: Richard S. J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Tol
Title: Valuing malaria morbidity: results from a global meta-analysis
Abstract:
The risk of malaria transmission worldwide is expected to increase with climate change. In order to estimate the welfare implications, we analyse the factors that explain willingness to pay to avoid malaria morbidity using a meta-analysis. We fail to replicate a previous meta-analysis, despite using a near-identical dataset. Thus, this paper outlines a more robust approach to analysing such data. We compare multiple regression models via a cross-validation exercise to assess best fit, the first in the meta-analysis literature to do so. Weighted random effects gives best fit. Confirming previous studies, we find that revealed preferences are significantly lower than stated preferences; and that there is no significant difference in the willingness to pay for policies that prevent (pre-morbidity) or treat malaria (post-morbidity). We add two new results to the morbidity literature: (1) Age has a non-linear impact on mean willingness to pay and (2) willingness to pay decreases if malaria policies target communities instead of individual households.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 301-321
Issue: 3
Volume: 8
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1581094
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1581094
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:3:p:301-321
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Angela Maria Rojas
Author-X-Name-First: Angela Maria
Author-X-Name-Last: Rojas
Author-Name: César Augusto Ruiz–Agudelo
Author-X-Name-First: César Augusto
Author-X-Name-Last: Ruiz–Agudelo
Author-Name: María Claudia Diazgranados
Author-X-Name-First: María Claudia
Author-X-Name-Last: Diazgranados
Author-Name: Henry Polanco
Author-X-Name-First: Henry
Author-X-Name-Last: Polanco
Author-Name: Richard Anderson
Author-X-Name-First: Richard
Author-X-Name-Last: Anderson
Title: Approach to an integral valuation of mangrove’s ecosystem services in a marine protected area. Colombian Pacific region
Abstract:
Colombian Pacific region is a global biodiversity hotspot. Mangroves are among the most dynamic and productive ecosystem on earth and serve many important functions providing a range of fundamental goods and services which contribute to the livelihoods, well – being, and local community’s security. Integral mangroves valuation seeks to understand the socio-ecological interaction and the relationship between functional ecosystems (ecosystem services – ES), market interaction and the ability to support human well – being. Despite the importance, mangroves are continuing to be threatened and degraded because of socio-environmental conflicts such as land use change and port infrastructure which will impact on ecosystem services quality and offer. This article identifies an approach to the potential ecological, sociocultural and economic impact of a Deepwater port on the Tribugá Gulf mangroves ecosystem services offer and its effects on the well – being of Nuquí communities.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 322-342
Issue: 3
Volume: 8
Year: 2019
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1584127
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1584127
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:3:p:322-342
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mark J. Koetse
Author-X-Name-First: Mark J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Koetse
Title: Effects of payment vehicle non-attendance in choice experiments on value estimates and the WTA–WTP disparity
Abstract:
In this paper, we argue that value estimates obtained from choice experiments suffer from hypothetical bias, caused by part of the respondents ignoring the payment vehicle in making their choices. We show that this particular form of non-attendance can be substantial, pushes down the estimated payment vehicle parameter, and causes an upward bias in value estimates. Moreover, payment vehicle non-attendance affects willingness to accept (WTA) more than it does willingness to pay (WTP). As a consequence, the WTA–WTP disparity decreases when non-attendance is accounted for, with disparities decreasing by at least 50%. The patterns in findings are by and large robust to exclusion of systematic status quo choices and to alternative model specifications.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 225-245
Issue: 3
Volume: 6
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2016.1268979
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2016.1268979
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:3:p:225-245
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Robert J. Johnston
Author-X-Name-First: Robert J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Johnston
Author-Name: Abdulallah S. Abdulrahman
Author-X-Name-First: Abdulallah S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Abdulrahman
Title: Systematic non-response in discrete choice experiments: implications for the valuation of climate risk reductions
Abstract:
Discrete choice experiments (DCEs) addressing adaptation to climate-related risks may be subject to response biases associated with variations in risk exposure across sampled populations. Systematic adjustments for such response patterns are hindered by the absence of rigorous, standardised selection-correction models for multinomial DCEs, together with a lack of information on non-respondents. This paper illustrates an empirical approach to accommodate risk-related response patterns in DCEs, where variations in risk exposure may be linked to observable landscape characteristics. The approach adapts reduced form response-propensity models to correct for survey non-response, capitalising on the fact that indicators of risk exposure may be linked to the geocoded locations of respondents and non-respondents. An application to coastal flood adaptation in Connecticut, USA illustrates implications for welfare estimation. Results demonstrate systematic effects of risk-related response patterns on estimated willingness to pay.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 246-267
Issue: 3
Volume: 6
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1284695
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1284695
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:3:p:246-267
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hamed Daly-Hassen
Author-X-Name-First: Hamed
Author-X-Name-Last: Daly-Hassen
Author-Name: Pere Riera
Author-X-Name-First: Pere
Author-X-Name-Last: Riera
Author-Name: Robert Mavsar
Author-X-Name-First: Robert
Author-X-Name-Last: Mavsar
Author-Name: Amira Gammoudi
Author-X-Name-First: Amira
Author-X-Name-Last: Gammoudi
Author-Name: Dolores Garcia
Author-X-Name-First: Dolores
Author-X-Name-Last: Garcia
Title: Valuing trade-offs between local forest uses and environmental services in Tunisia
Abstract:
Successive afforestation programmes undertaken in Tunisia have doubled the forest surface area in the last 50 years. A choice experiment exercise was used to estimate the social welfare associated with a plantation programme in Tunisia. The application dealt with different environmental services, and access of local users to the forest. The results show that having access to the forests for recreational activities has an average willingness to pay of 6.46 Tunisian dinar (TND) per person and year, for five years. In contrast, limiting access to the afforested areas for grazing and other uses decreases the overall welfare by 5.63 TND per person and year. An individual marginal value of 4.29 × 10−5 TND per ton of CO2 sequestered was obtained. Furthermore, a 1% decrease of dam sedimentation is worth 2.16 TND per person and year. However, results are subject to heterogeneity, particularly regarding rural and urban populations. This paper highlights that preferences for environmental services depend on socio-economic attributes, the welfare of local users could lower due to restricted access to the forest. It was found that population heterogeneity influenced the valuation results and is to be considered in policy designs based on this type of studies.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 268-282
Issue: 3
Volume: 6
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1293566
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1293566
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:3:p:268-282
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mattias Boman
Author-X-Name-First: Mattias
Author-X-Name-Last: Boman
Author-Name: Lindsey (Ellingson) Doctorman
Author-X-Name-First: Lindsey
Author-X-Name-Last: (Ellingson) Doctorman
Title: Pick a number, but not just any number: valuation uncertainty and maximum willingness to pay
Abstract:
Empirical results suggest that contingent valuation method (CVM) respondents are uncertain of their valuations, which has led critics of the method to raise issues about its validity. Alternative approaches to resolve the problem have been proposed, involving different willingness to pay (WTP) response formats allowing respondents to explicitly express uncertainty. This paper compares differences between certain and uncertain responses for four different response formats. The results suggested that mean and median (WTP) were not significantly different for respondents who were certain about their valuations. This was generally not the case for respondents who were uncertain about their valuations. However, the median WTP was not found to be significantly different for uncertain and certain respondents. A conclusion for a standard CVM application is that the sample median WTP value could serve as a proxy measure of population maximum mean WTP when uncertainty has been removed.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 283-304
Issue: 3
Volume: 6
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1296380
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1296380
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:3:p:283-304
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hideki Sato
Author-X-Name-First: Hideki
Author-X-Name-Last: Sato
Title: Pollution from Cournot duopoly industry and the effect of ambient charges
Abstract:
From the perspective of oligopoly theory, this paper clarifies the effectiveness of ambient charges as a policy measure for reducing industrial non-point source pollution. Ganguli and Raju argue that ambient charges have perverse effects in the context of Bertrand competition. By contrast, this paper examines the effects of ambient charges in the context of Cournot competition, clarifying that they are an effective policy measure. The result presented here is consistent with previous results in the field of experimental economics.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 305-308
Issue: 3
Volume: 6
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1296381
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1296381
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:3:p:305-308
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hayfa Elkadhi
Author-X-Name-First: Hayfa
Author-X-Name-Last: Elkadhi
Author-Name: Maha Kalai
Author-X-Name-First: Maha
Author-X-Name-Last: Kalai
Author-Name: Rania Ben Hamida
Author-X-Name-First: Rania
Author-X-Name-Last: Ben Hamida
Title: The relationship between energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and meteorological factors in Sfax (Tunisia): an ARDL bounds testing approach
Abstract:
The current analysis investigates the impact of energy consumption (EC) on environmental quality in the urban area of Sfax, Tunisia. First, we use electricity EC as a proxy for EC. Second, as an indicator of the degradation of the environmental quality, we use the following air pollutants: nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and suspended particulates in the air having a diameter less than 10 micrometers (PM10). We also analyse the influence of meteorological factors expressed by the temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) on the dispersion of pollutants and their concentration in the atmosphere. We apply the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach. We find that EC stimulates the degradation of the environment; indeed, it leads to the amount of PM10 in the atmosphere. Conversely, findings reveal that the increase of EC is associated with a decrease in the amount of SO2, NO2 and O3. Additionally, meteorological factors, especially T and RH, affect the dispersion of pollutants and their accumulation around their emission sources.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 309-323
Issue: 3
Volume: 6
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1300108
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1300108
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:3:p:309-323
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tharshini Thangavelu
Author-X-Name-First: Tharshini
Author-X-Name-Last: Thangavelu
Author-Name: Anton Paulrud
Author-X-Name-First: Anton
Author-X-Name-Last: Paulrud
Author-Name: Jesper Stage
Author-X-Name-First: Jesper
Author-X-Name-Last: Stage
Title: Understanding heterogeneous preferences for angling site attributes: application of a choice experiment
Abstract:
This article studies anglers’ willingness to pay for improvements in the characteristics of fishing sites in the county of Jämtland in Sweden. We use two existing angling sites, and hypothetical sites similar to these, to explore transferability of responses between different sites and to examine the welfare effects of improvements in fishing site characteristics. We find that anglers have highly heterogenous preferences, and that modelling this heterogeneity using latent class models leads to different classes being estimated for the two different sites studied. This heterogeneity implies that policy interventions need to consider the specific characteristics of the angling groups being targeted by the intervention, but the heterogeneity also affects the precision with which estimates from one angling site can be applied to another site.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 324-340
Issue: 3
Volume: 6
Year: 2017
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1310672
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1310672
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:3:p:324-340
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Matteo Mattmann
Author-X-Name-First: Matteo
Author-X-Name-Last: Mattmann
Author-Name: Ivana Logar
Author-X-Name-First: Ivana
Author-X-Name-Last: Logar
Author-Name: Roy Brouwer
Author-X-Name-First: Roy
Author-X-Name-Last: Brouwer
Title: Choice certainty, consistency, and monotonicity in discrete choice experiments
Abstract:
This study investigates choice certainty, choice consistency, and choice monotonicity and their underlying common and idiosyncratic determinants in discrete choice experiments. We test the equality of choice behaviour between respondents who differ with respect to these concepts. Our results suggest that there are significant differences in the choice behaviour between certain and uncertain, as well as consistent and inconsistent, respondents. The hypothesis of equality of choice behaviour between samples with and without a self-reported choice certainty follow-up question cannot be rejected. We identify a variety of idiosyncratic determinants of choice certainty, consistency, and monotonicity, but only the time spent reading informational pages and gender are identified as common drivers. We find that female respondents are less certain about their choices, but display a higher degree of monotonicity and consistency in their choice behaviour.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 109-127
Issue: 2
Volume: 8
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1515118
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1515118
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:2:p:109-127
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Damien Dussaux
Author-X-Name-First: Damien
Author-X-Name-Last: Dussaux
Author-Name: Matthieu Glachant
Author-X-Name-First: Matthieu
Author-X-Name-Last: Glachant
Title: How much does recycling reduce imports? Evidence from metallic raw materials
Abstract:
In countries with limited exhaustible natural resources, reducing imports of raw materials is increasingly viewed as a significant side benefit of waste recycling. Using a panel of 21 developed and developing countries from 1994 to 2008, we seek to measure the size of this benefit by estimating the impact of metal scrap recovery on imports of metallic raw materials. We address the endogeneity of metal recovery with exogenous country characteristics including population density and the level of education. We also develop a strategy for controlling for the price volatility in raw material markets. We find that domestic metal recovery is substituted for imports of secondary raw materials while leaving imports of primary raw materials unaffected. The overall effect is a 3.3% decrease in imports of metallic raw materials when metal recovery grows by 10%. Thus, waste recycling policies may have a sizeable impact on trade balance and on security of raw material supply.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 128-146
Issue: 2
Volume: 8
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1520650
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1520650
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:2:p:128-146
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bassirou Diop
Author-X-Name-First: Bassirou
Author-X-Name-Last: Diop
Author-Name: Nicolas Sanz
Author-X-Name-First: Nicolas
Author-X-Name-Last: Sanz
Author-Name: Fabian Blanchard
Author-X-Name-First: Fabian
Author-X-Name-Last: Blanchard
Author-Name: Romain Walcker
Author-X-Name-First: Romain
Author-X-Name-Last: Walcker
Author-Name: Antoine Gardel
Author-X-Name-First: Antoine
Author-X-Name-Last: Gardel
Title: The role of mangrove in the French Guiana shrimp fishery
Abstract:
This paper investigates the role of mangrove as an habitat in the evolution of the French Guiana shrimp stock to explain the recent collapse of shrimp production. To achieve our aim, we use the open access fishery model developed by Barbier and Strand [1998. “Valuing Mangrove-Fishery Linkages-A Case Study of Campeche, Mexico.” Environmental and Resource Economics 12: 151–166] and integrate mangrove surface into the shrimp natural growth function. This enables to account directly for the effects of mangrove surface changes on the stock dynamics and thus production. Our results indicate that financial losses in the French Guiana shrimp fishery increase when mangrove surface decreases and are mitigated when mangrove surface increases. We show that changes in mangrove surface are not determinant in explaining the collapse of the shrimp stock but that mangrove should be preserved as it still mitigates the decline of the stock.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 147-158
Issue: 2
Volume: 8
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1522601
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1522601
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:2:p:147-158
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Deely
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Deely
Author-Name: Stephen Hynes
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen
Author-X-Name-Last: Hynes
Author-Name: John Curtis
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Curtis
Title: Are objective data an appropriate replacement for subjective data in site choice analysis?
Abstract:
Random utility theory is founded on the concept that an individual selects the alternative that gives them the highest level of utility, given the individual's preferences and perception of a good. Discrete choice analysis, however, seldom uses an individual's perception of a good, instead, more convenient objective data are employed. This paper aims to explore the viability of objective data as a suitable replacement for subjective data in recreational site choice modelling. Random parameter logits are applied to coarse angling site choice data where two site attribute data sets are used; the first is comprised of users’ perception of the site attributes and the second is composed of fishery managers’ perspective of those same attributes. The results reveal that models based on the subjective data outperform those of the objective data. The derived welfare estimates indicate a divergence between the two sources of data in terms of the magnitude of the estimates but not direction. Further analysis is conducted to determine if the manager’s objective ratings are measuring the sites using a similar set of criteria as the user's subjective ratings. The results suggest that the managers’ perspective is closely aligned with the anglers’ who frequent the sites most often.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 159-178
Issue: 2
Volume: 8
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1528895
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1528895
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:2:p:159-178
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Giovanni Bella
Author-X-Name-First: Giovanni
Author-X-Name-Last: Bella
Author-Name: Paolo Mattana
Author-X-Name-First: Paolo
Author-X-Name-Last: Mattana
Title: Policy implications in an environmental growth model with a generalized Hotelling depletion of non-renewable resources
Abstract:
We explore the role of fiscal policy in a growth model where the depletion of non-renewable resources presents stock effects. We first show that fiscal policy may induce the emergence of two coexisting steady states, one of which is characterized by a lower depletion rate and higher income (the virtuous steady state) than the other (the bad steady state). If returns to the cumulable inputs are high enough, the virtuous steady state is locally saddle-path stable, whereas the bad steady state is a non-saddle rest point. Therefore, depending on the size of returns, a continuum of equilibrium paths can emerge. Thus, it is important to calibrate the correct mix of policy instruments that may drive the economy to the virtuous steady state, and therefore escape a possible (low growth) poverty trap.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 179-192
Issue: 2
Volume: 8
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1530612
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1530612
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:2:p:179-192
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: M. Ershad Hussain
Author-X-Name-First: M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Ershad Hussain
Author-Name: Mahfuzul Haque
Author-X-Name-First: Mahfuzul
Author-X-Name-Last: Haque
Title: Is there any link between economic growth and earth's environment? Evidence from 127 countries for the period 2007–2015
Abstract:
We investigate the relationship between economic growth and the earth's environment in 127 developing countries spreading all across the globe (Asia, Africa, Americas, Europe, and Polynesia) from 2007 to 2015. We use random effect estimation technique to check for an inverse U-shaped curve, or ‘Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC)’. From our empirical results, we do not find any substantiation for this hypothesis. On the contrary, the empirical evidence suggests that there is an inverse U-shape relationship between environmental performance of a country and the per capita GDP for that country, which implies that, as per capita GDP increases, environmental performance improves but beyond some point, it starts to decrease resulting in an inverse U-shape curve. We alternately use the Growth Rate of GDP and GDP in constant 2010$ to obtain comparable results. We also use the average PM 2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (AU) of the World Development Indicators as an index of environmental pollution. When we replace EPI with AU and re-run the random effect model, find no evidence supporting EKC hypothesis, rather a U-shape curve and not an inverted U.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 193-208
Issue: 2
Volume: 8
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1546234
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1546234
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:2:p:193-208
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Melina Kourantidou
Author-X-Name-First: Melina
Author-X-Name-Last: Kourantidou
Author-Name: Brooks A. Kaiser
Author-X-Name-First: Brooks A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Kaiser
Title: Research agendas for profitable invasive species
Abstract:
Management of natural resources with uncertain net benefits presents an interdisciplinary challenge; economists often must rely on other disciplines to advise and evaluate policies. Net benefits may be uncertain due to absent, inconclusive or contradictory scientific findings. Economics must interpret uncertainties and ground policy recommendations in this context. Understanding biases in primary research agendas and the roles of vertical and horizontal integration in knowledge production and management are essential to prevent sub-optimal allocations across time and space, including avoiding recommendations of excess or insufficient harvest. We empirically investigate these biases by comparing disparate scientific literature and management decisions across vested interests to uncover how economic incentives systematically vary across research investments. The Barents Sea Red King Crab, a simultaneously profitable and invasive species with different net benefits across stakeholders, provides the empirical evidence. We find that scientific consensus is harder to achieve even for primary research when economic incentives differ across research institutions and that research agendas shift over time in response to changes in relative trade-offs between ecological consequences and financial benefits from the resource's presence. Impacts on management are accentuated by integration of the scientific research programmes and management decisions; broadening research participation and agendas may alleviate bias.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 209-230
Issue: 2
Volume: 8
Year: 2019
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1548980
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1548980
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:8:y:2019:i:2:p:209-230
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Benjamin Breen
Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin
Author-X-Name-Last: Breen
Author-Name: John Curtis
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Curtis
Author-Name: Stephen Hynes
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen
Author-X-Name-Last: Hynes
Title: Water quality and recreational use of public waterways
Abstract:
This study combines routinely collected water quality data from Ireland and an on-site survey of waterway users to evaluate whether trip duration is responsive to changes in water quality. Four categories of recreational users are considered: anglers, boaters, other water sports (e.g. rowing, swimming, canoeing, etc.) and land-based activities at water sites, specifically walking and cycling. Water quality measures included in the analysis include Water Framework Directive (WFD) status, biochemical oxygen demand, ammonia, phosphorus and faecal coliform. The analysis finds evidence that higher levels of recreational demand (i.e. trips of longer duration) occur at sites with better water quality. However, we also find no statistical association between the overall WFD status and the duration of the recreational trip, which indicates that WFD status is of limited practical use for recreational users.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 1-15
Issue: 1
Volume: 7
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1335241
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1335241
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:1:p:1-15
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Uday Kumar Jammalamadaka
Author-X-Name-First: Uday Kumar
Author-X-Name-Last: Jammalamadaka
Author-Name: Ariel Dinar
Author-X-Name-First: Ariel
Author-X-Name-Last: Dinar
Title: Managing water resources under scarcity: the role of social norms
Abstract:
We develop a framework that quantifies the effect of social norms on the efficient functioning of institutions and thereby their impact on effectiveness of reforms for sustaining common pool water resources under conditions of scarcity. We derive theoretical results and use numerical simulations to provide evidence for performance of a group of farmers that use a common pool resource (reservoir or aquifer) with and without norms, with various marginal utility levels from norm adherence, and with various existing (Social Planner) institutional setting considered in the theoretical model. The theoretical results suggest that with no water trade and with norm adherence, water users will always use less water than the no norms scenario. With possible inter-group water trade, norm-adhering water users would replace excess extraction with increased trade rates. Simulation results for the no-trade case suggest that with higher marginal utility values from norm adherence, the resource is sustained for significantly longer periods.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 16-40
Issue: 1
Volume: 7
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1342566
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1342566
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:1:p:16-40
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Akio Matsumoto
Author-X-Name-First: Akio
Author-X-Name-Last: Matsumoto
Author-Name: Ferenc Szidarovszky
Author-X-Name-First: Ferenc
Author-X-Name-Last: Szidarovszky
Author-Name: Masahiro Yabuta
Author-X-Name-First: Masahiro
Author-X-Name-Last: Yabuta
Title: Environmental effects of ambient charge in cournot oligopoly
Abstract:
This paper investigates the effect caused by an increase in ambient charges on firm-specific and total pollutions in a Cournot oligopoly market. Formalising profit-maximising behaviour in the n-firm framework with product differentiation, we show the static result that ambient charge can reduce industrial pollution. We then demonstrate three dynamic results: the first that Cournot equilibrium can lose stability in the discrete-time framework if the number of the firms is greater than four, the second that it is always stable in the continuous-time framework and the third that stability can be switched to instability if a delay in production becomes large enough.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 41-56
Issue: 1
Volume: 7
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1347527
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1347527
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:1:p:41-56
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Christos T. Papadas
Author-X-Name-First: Christos T.
Author-X-Name-Last: Papadas
Author-Name: Nikolaos Vlassis
Author-X-Name-First: Nikolaos
Author-X-Name-Last: Vlassis
Title: A structural decomposition analysis of the pollution terms of trade
Abstract:
The Antweiler Pollution Terms of Trade Index (PTTI) measures environmental gains or losses sustained by a country from international trade. Measuring total exports and imports in value terms distorts the results when the index is used for comparisons and analysis. Structural decomposition analysis (SDA) can provide an estimate of such distortions, due to price effects. This paper proposes a procedure of SDA of PTTI changes to deal with this problem. It measures impacts of changes in prices of traded outputs, changes in the real trade mix and volume, and changes in technology, but can be extended to account for other factors too. The pollution content refers here to pollution generated directly in the production of outputs, actually traded in the international markets. However, additional induced effects due to international trade can be included, if they are estimated. Pollution intensity is expressed per unit of total exports and imports respectively, and not per unit of value added, an issue discussed. A case study for The Netherlands is provided for the period 2007–2010. PTTI values and their annual changes are estimated for emission contents in greenhouse CO2 equivalent. Results confirm the significant and distortive role of prices in measurements and comparisons.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 57-68
Issue: 1
Volume: 7
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1357504
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1357504
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:1:p:57-68
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pavlos Karanikolas
Author-X-Name-First: Pavlos
Author-X-Name-Last: Karanikolas
Author-Name: Penelope J. Bebeli
Author-X-Name-First: Penelope J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Bebeli
Author-Name: Ricos Thanopoulos
Author-X-Name-First: Ricos
Author-X-Name-Last: Thanopoulos
Title: Farm economic sustainability and agrobiodiversity: identifying viable farming alternatives during the economic crisis in Greece
Abstract:
This study aims to examine the extent to which crop landraces (LRs) can serve as viable alternatives for farming within the ongoing economic crisis, especially for potential young farmers. A conceptual framework based on farm economic sustainability and the diversification strategies of farm-households is applied to four different LRs. Drawing on original data from field surveys, the economic analysis shows that LRs provide various gains for local communities as well as a series of private benefits for the farmers involved in their cultivation. Many of the examined farms are economically sustainable, even with small farm sizes. The integration of LRs into both domestic and export markets and the embeddedness of LRs’ products into the local culture and diet are two critical prerequisites for their on-farm conservation. The examined LRs are low-labour-input crops, obtaining the necessary labour mainly from family members. An LR can be the sole cultivation of a farm, part of mixed farming systems, as well as part of various strategies pursued by farm-households to diversify their sources of income. There is scope for improvement, especially by ensuring the uniqueness of LR products, establishing new marketing channels and creating special brand names. Supportive policy measures are also discussed.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 69-84
Issue: 1
Volume: 7
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1360212
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1360212
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:1:p:69-84
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Monika Nováčková
Author-X-Name-First: Monika
Author-X-Name-Last: Nováčková
Author-Name: Richard S. J. Tol
Author-X-Name-First: Richard S. J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Tol
Title: Effects of sea level rise on economy of the United States
Abstract:
We report the first ex post study of the economic impact of sea level rise. We apply two econometric approaches to estimate the past effects of sea level rise on the economy of the USA, viz. Barro type growth regressions adjusted for spatial patterns and a matching estimator. Unit of analysis is 3063 counties of the USA. We fit growth regressions for 13 time periods and we estimated numerous varieties and robustness tests for both growth regressions and matching estimator. Although there is some evidence that sea level rise has a positive effect on economic growth, in most specifications the estimated effects are insignificant. We therefore conclude that there is no stable, significant effect of sea level rise on economic growth. This finding contradicts previous ex ante studies.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 85-115
Issue: 1
Volume: 7
Year: 2018
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2017.1363667
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2017.1363667
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:1:p:85-115
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Florian Flachenecker
Author-X-Name-First: Florian
Author-X-Name-Last: Flachenecker
Author-Name: Raimund Bleischwitz
Author-X-Name-First: Raimund
Author-X-Name-Last: Bleischwitz
Author-Name: Jun E. Rentschler
Author-X-Name-First: Jun E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Rentschler
Title: Investments in material efficiency: the introduction and application of a comprehensive cost–benefit framework
Abstract:
Increasing material efficiency is considered to yield multiple economic and environmental benefits. This paper firstly introduces a comprehensive cost–benefit framework to systematically assess the viability of investments in material efficiency. The framework comprises several components by (1) comparing a business-as-usual scenario with a scenario of scaling up investments in material efficiency, (2) covering economic and environmental dimensions, and (3) considering direct and indirect effects. In a second step, we match the framework to existing evidence from the literature, followed by an application of the framework to a microeconomic investment project financed by a multilateral development bank. Our results suggest that material efficiency investments can yield positive net benefits, which typically increase when non-monetary dimensions are additionally taken into account. Overall, our analysis calls for a more comprehensive approach towards material efficiency investment appraisals, the internalisation of externalities, and further empirical research to better understand the implications of moving towards material efficient economies.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 107-120
Issue: 2
Volume: 6
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2016.1211557
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2016.1211557
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:2:p:107-120
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: James Yoo
Author-X-Name-First: James
Author-X-Name-Last: Yoo
Author-Name: Charles Perrings
Author-X-Name-First: Charles
Author-X-Name-Last: Perrings
Title: An externality of groundwater depletion: land subsidence and residential property prices in Phoenix, Arizona
Abstract:
One of the main physical effects of the depletion of aquifers is land subsidence – the lowering of the land-surface elevation as a result of groundwater overdraft. A second effect is the development of earth fissures as a result of the horizontal movement of sediments during subsidence. To determine the value of these effects we investigated the impact of land subsidence and earth fissures on residential property values in Maricopa County, Arizona. Using 82,716 arms-length property sales between 2004 and 2010, we estimated a fixed effects hedonic price model. We found that existing and future land subsidence, and earth fissures had a negative impact on the property values. The mean value of properties located in land subsidence features was lower than those located outside land subsidence features, and the disamenity associated with earth fissures was largest for properties located in land subsidence features.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 121-133
Issue: 2
Volume: 6
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2016.1226198
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2016.1226198
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:2:p:121-133
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Iddisah Sulemana
Author-X-Name-First: Iddisah
Author-X-Name-Last: Sulemana
Author-Name: Harvey S. James
Author-X-Name-First: Harvey S.
Author-X-Name-Last: James
Author-Name: James S. Rikoon
Author-X-Name-First: James S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Rikoon
Title: Environmental Kuznets Curves for air pollution in African and developed countries: exploring turning point incomes and the role of democracy
Abstract:
The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis advances an inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution. Scholars have estimated turning point incomes for various pollutants within and across countries. However, the majority of these studies were conducted for developed countries. Very few studies have focused on developing countries. In particular, the relationship between economic growth and air pollution in Africa remains largely unexplored. In this paper, we test whether the EKC hypothesis holds for carbon dioxide (CO2) and particulate matter (PM10) emissions in African and high-income OECD countries. We find that the EKC hypothesis holds for both CO2 and PM10 for African and OECD countries. Further, our examination of the effect of institutional quality on air pollution reveals an insignificant effect for CO2 for both samples. However, democracy is positively and significantly correlated with PM10 emissions for African countries.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 134-152
Issue: 2
Volume: 6
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2016.1231635
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2016.1231635
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:2:p:134-152
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yaoyao Ji
Author-X-Name-First: Yaoyao
Author-X-Name-Last: Ji
Author-Name: Ram Ranjan
Author-X-Name-First: Ram
Author-X-Name-Last: Ranjan
Author-Name: Michael Burton
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Burton
Title: A bivariate probit analysis of factors affecting partial, complete and continued adoption of soil carbon sequestration technology in rural China
Abstract:
There remain significant technological as well as socio-economic and behavioural challenges to conservation tillage adoption despite its acknowledged carbon mitigation potential. In this paper, we distinguish between the factors that influence partial, complete and continued adoption of conservation tillage in a rural region of north western China. As complete benefits of conservation tillage to the private farmers as well as society are realised only through continued adoption, it is important to identify and distinguish the factors that promote long-term adoption of conservation tillage from the ones that lead only to short-term adoption. Using a bivariate probit analysis, we find that government subsidy programmes and households’ wealth play a key role in the continued adoption of conservation tillage practices. Poorer farmers and those whose neighbours have abandoned conservation tillage are more likely to give up on conservation tillage, after having adopted initially. Geographical factors and fragmented land holdings encourage only partial adoption, even under government subsidies. We recommend the introduction of smaller and portable farming machines combined with long-term subsidy schemes. When faced with government budget constraints that make prolonged subsidy for all difficult, targeting the farmer groups according to their socio-economic traits is crucial.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 153-167
Issue: 2
Volume: 6
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2016.1234418
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2016.1234418
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:2:p:153-167
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Johane Dikgang
Author-X-Name-First: Johane
Author-X-Name-Last: Dikgang
Author-Name: Edwin Muchapondwa
Author-X-Name-First: Edwin
Author-X-Name-Last: Muchapondwa
Title: Local communities’ valuation of environmental amenities around the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park in Southern Africa
Abstract:
This paper seeks to examine how communities value a variety of dryland environmental amenities provided by the Kgalagadi Transfontier Park where there is an interest in limiting their access, both in order to protect the environment and in order to make it more attractive for tourists. This is done using a choice experiment, which targeted households in the Kgalagadi area. The values placed on environmental amenities by indigenous communities are estimated using a conditional logit model, a random parameter logit model and a random parameter logit model with interactions. The results show that local communities would prefer getting increased grazing opportunities and bush food collection. This is an important policy issue in itself, and it also ties in well with on-going discussions on how to compensate (or at least attach reasonable cost estimates to) losses to local communities linked to environmental preservation policies.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 168-182
Issue: 2
Volume: 6
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2016.1240631
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2016.1240631
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:2:p:168-182
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Corrigendum
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: (i)-(i)
Issue: 2
Volume: 6
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2016.1240754
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2016.1240754
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:2:p:(i)-(i)
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marianna Gilli
Author-X-Name-First: Marianna
Author-X-Name-Last: Gilli
Author-Name: Giovanni Marin
Author-X-Name-First: Giovanni
Author-X-Name-Last: Marin
Author-Name: Massimiliano Mazzanti
Author-X-Name-First: Massimiliano
Author-X-Name-Last: Mazzanti
Author-Name: Francesco Nicolli
Author-X-Name-First: Francesco
Author-X-Name-Last: Nicolli
Title: Sustainable development and industrial development: manufacturing environmental performance, technology and consumption/production perspectives
Abstract:
Industrial development has always been seen as the main engine for economic growth due to its large economic multiplier and technological opportunities. However, manufacturing sectors are directly and indirectly responsible for a large share of overall environmental pressures, raising concerns for the environmental sustainability of manufacturing-based development. In this paper, we evaluate the drivers and decoupling trends of environmental pressures arising (directly or indirectly) from manufacturing production and consumption for a large selection of developed and developing countries. As a first step, we decompose changes in emission intensity of manufacturing sectors into a series of components by means of a shift-share analysis to identify the main drivers of change. A second step will compare direct environmental pressures generated by manufacturing sectors (production perspective) with the amount of emissions generated (domestically and abroad) by the domestic consumption of manufacturing goods (consumption perspective). Finally, we evaluate the possible emergence of an environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) dynamics for production and consumption perspective emissions for the world as a whole and for different continents. Results highlight that first, high income countries are generally more environmental friendly than the average and tend to be specialised in high-tech and greener sectors. Second, emission reduction is driven mainly by unobserved factors such as institutional quality and policy commitment. Finally, while production perspective shows some evidence of EKC dynamics, this result does not hold when shifting to the consumption perspective. Besides, some world area is able to compensate the growth effect exploiting technology dynamics.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 183-203
Issue: 2
Volume: 6
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2016.1249413
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2016.1249413
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:2:p:183-203
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Barnaby Andrews
Author-X-Name-First: Barnaby
Author-X-Name-Last: Andrews
Author-Name: Silvia Ferrini
Author-X-Name-First: Silvia
Author-X-Name-Last: Ferrini
Author-Name: Ian Bateman
Author-X-Name-First: Ian
Author-X-Name-Last: Bateman
Title: Good parks – bad parks: the influence of perceptions of location on WTP and preference motives for urban parks
Abstract:
Urban parks generate substantial public benefits, yet explicit economic assessments of such values remain relatively rare. Surveys of willingness to pay (WTP) were undertaken to assess such values for proposed new parks. The analysis assessed how preference motives and values varied according to the location of parks. Results revealed greater altruistic motivation and higher overall values for the creation of inner city as opposed to suburban parks. Spatial decomposition revealed that, after controlling for other determinants such as incomes, values generally increase for households closer to proposed parks, but that a significant downturn in values is evident for households located very close to a proposed inner city park; a finding which echoes concerns regarding the potential for such sites to provide a focus for antisocial behaviour. While these findings provide strong overall support for provision of public parks they highlight, the importance of perceptions of location and the potential for localised dis-benefits.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 204-224
Issue: 2
Volume: 6
Year: 2017
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2016.1268543
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2016.1268543
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:6:y:2017:i:2:p:204-224
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Katherine Needham
Author-X-Name-First: Katherine
Author-X-Name-Last: Needham
Author-Name: Nick Hanley
Author-X-Name-First: Nick
Author-X-Name-Last: Hanley
Title: Prior knowledge, familiarity and stated policy consequentiality in contingent valuation
Abstract:
Stated preference surveys are more likely to be demand revealing if the respondent views their responses as consequential i.e. the respondent cares about the policy in question, believes their response will affect the provision of the good and that they will be required to pay the stated amount. In this paper, we contribute to the growing literature on the subject by examining the influence of a respondent’s prior knowledge about the good being valued on stated policy consequentiality. We find that consistent with previous research, willingness to pay varies according to stated consequentiality; and that stated consequentiality itself varies according to a number of observables. Consequentiality and willingness to pay appear to be related on a continuum but this estimate is revised downwards for respondents with a high a priori knowledge of the good. Additionally, we enquire which observed variables influence respondents stated policy consequentiality and share our concerns that a single Likert scale question does not adequately capture a respondent’s belief over consequentiality.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 1-20
Issue: 1
Volume: 9
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1611481
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1611481
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:1:p:1-20
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hua Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Hua
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Krishna P. Paudel
Author-X-Name-First: Krishna P.
Author-X-Name-Last: Paudel
Author-Name: Rex H. Caffey
Author-X-Name-First: Rex H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Caffey
Title: Tourism for surf and marsh fishing in coastal Louisiana: effects of site closure, travel cost decrease, and entrance fee increase
Abstract:
We apply the generalised corner solution model to understand recreational behaviour for surf and marsh fishing trips to six sites in coastal Louisiana. Results showed statistically significant effects of individual’s demographic characteristics and site physical and environmental characteristics. The closure of the three most used recreational sites (Grand Isle, Elmer’s Island, and Port Fourchon) caused a welfare loss in an amount ranging from $592 to $2,101 per traveller per year. The welfare impact of the reduction in travel cost was $390 per traveller per year. An increase in the recreational site entrance fee caused welfare losses. This study has implications for site closure and welfare losses, such as those that resulted from the Deep Horizon Oil Spill that closed many Louisiana coastal recreational sites for about one year (May 7, 2010 to June 15, 2011) and the Elmer’s Island beaches that were temporarily restricted for fishing access during the Caminada Headland restoration project construction in 2016.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 21-35
Issue: 1
Volume: 9
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1593249
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1593249
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:1:p:21-35
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Abdelaziz Hakimi
Author-X-Name-First: Abdelaziz
Author-X-Name-Last: Hakimi
Author-Name: Helmi Hamdi
Author-X-Name-First: Helmi
Author-X-Name-Last: Hamdi
Title: Environmental effects of trade openness: what role do institutions have?
Abstract:
The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of trade openness on the environmental quality by taking into consideration the role of institutions. We used a panel of 143 countries observed during the period 2006–2015 and we performed a dynamic panel data based on the system generalized method of moment. We estimated various models which include an aggregated analysis of the whole sample (143 countries), and a disaggregated analysis which is a study for a sample of developed countries (43 countries) and developing countries (100 countries) conducted separately. Findings for the aggregated analysis indicate that trade, as a crucial variable in our model, appears to have no obvious impact on the environmental quality. However, the disaggregated analysis shows how trade harmed the environmental quality and shows the role of institutions in preserving the environment.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 36-56
Issue: 1
Volume: 9
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1598503
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1598503
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:1:p:36-56
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Haimanti Bhattacharya
Author-X-Name-First: Haimanti
Author-X-Name-Last: Bhattacharya
Title: Environmental and socio-economic sustainability in India: evidence from CO2 emission and economic inequality relationship
Abstract:
This study demonstrates the evolution of the relationship between anthropogenic CO2 emission from fossil fuels use and inequality in consumption expenditure in India based on state-level panel data for the period 1981–2008. Controlling for the scale and composition of economic activities and population, the estimated elasticity of CO2 emission with respect to economic inequality is found to be equivalent to zero for the overall 28 years period. However, classifying the time frame into pre and post economic liberalization periods (1981–1991 and 1992–2008), reveals that the emission-inequality relationship was insignificant or negative in the pre-liberalization period but turned unambiguously positive and significant in the post-liberalization period. Further classification of the post-liberalization period shows that the positive emission-inequality relationship was statistically insignificant during 1992–1999 and it gained significant strength during 2000–2008. Substantively higher increase in the upper economic strata’s propensity to emit CO2 made feasible by enhanced access to global markets is discussed as a plausible reason for the positive emission-inequality relationship in the post-liberalization period. The reduced form analysis of the emission-inequality relationship provides a vital policy insight that India has a potential opportunity to harness this synergistic relationship and jointly mitigate the environmental and socio-economic sustainability challenges.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 57-76
Issue: 1
Volume: 9
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1604267
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1604267
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:1:p:57-76
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Roberto Martínez-Espiñeira
Author-X-Name-First: Roberto
Author-X-Name-Last: Martínez-Espiñeira
Author-Name: María Pérez-Urdiales
Author-X-Name-First: María
Author-X-Name-Last: Pérez-Urdiales
Title: Scale heterogeneity in the valuation of road traffic risk reductions: the case of Newfoundland's moose-vehicle collisions
Abstract:
The willingness to pay (WTP) for reductions in the risk of moose-vehicle collision in Newfoundland (the insular portion of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada) is estimated using the Contingent Valuation Method. Our estimations use the information obtained from a double-bounded payment format and let us examine the existence of scale heterogeneity (dependent on response certainty levels), question effects such as anchoring and shift effects, and the effects of accounting for the former on the latter. Our main findings are that the estimated WTP tends to be lower in the models that account for scale heterogeneity but that correction makes little difference in models that fully correct for the question effects involved in the use of the double-bound payment format. Accounting for scale heterogeneity does change, however, the way in which corrections for question effects influence the size of welfare estimates. In particular, it reduces the variability of welfare measures across treatments of these question effects, yielding an estimate of WTP close to the one obtained from using the single-bounded portion of the data.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 77-96
Issue: 1
Volume: 9
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1605311
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1605311
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:1:p:77-96
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Devon Lynch
Author-X-Name-First: Devon
Author-X-Name-Last: Lynch
Author-Name: Chad J. McGuire
Author-X-Name-First: Chad J.
Author-X-Name-Last: McGuire
Author-Name: Joy A. Smith
Author-X-Name-First: Joy A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Smith
Title: Assessing the US sulfur reduction programme in Massachusetts from an environmental justice framework: is there evidence of disproportionality?
Abstract:
This study reviews the impact of a sulfur cap-and-trade programme on distributions of sulfur from commercial electricity utility generators within Massachusetts from 1990 thru 2014. The results indicate that sulfur reductions occurred throughout Massachusetts that were proportional, including a targeted study area within the state that meets the operational definition of a marginalized community. While the target study community disproportionately produced more sulfur emissions than surrounding communities, the overall reductions through cap-and-trade were consistent throughout the entire state. Other factors, beyond cap-and-trade, are identified as possible reasons why all areas of the state saw proportional reductions. But aside from those additional factors, the results indicate that cap-and-trade resulted in substantial and proportional reductions of sulfur throughout Massachusetts. This result informs more recent studies at the national level in the United States which show cap-and-trade programmes have the potential to create disproportional impacts, particularly when looking at sulfur emission distributions.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 97-110
Issue: 1
Volume: 9
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1605623
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1605623
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:1:p:97-110
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Takumi Haibara
Author-X-Name-First: Takumi
Author-X-Name-Last: Haibara
Title: Global carbon pricing and international trade
Abstract:
This paper provides policies other than trade restrictions to induce global carbon pricing. It shows that bilateral increases of domestic taxes between large open economies represent a useful first step toward global carbon pricing. Specifically, the paper recommends that the production tax of the importing country and the consumption tax of the exporting country be increased together. Unlike a tariff-induced carbon pricing, the proposed policy mix is robust to trade distortions and increases market access. What is more, it addresses world price volatility and emissions leakage.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 111-124
Issue: 1
Volume: 9
Year: 2020
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1612786
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1612786
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:1:p:111-124
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andy S. Choi
Author-X-Name-First: Andy S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Choi
Title: The impact of arbitrary constraints over the payment parameter on WTP: a case of a normally distributed random parameter
Abstract:
This paper aims to substantiate the impact of the ‘old’ practice in environmental valuation that arbitrarily imposes a constrained distribution on the payment parameter, and to offer a rule of thumb guidance for the accurate willingness-to-pay (WTP) estimation using choice experiments. A ratio of means approach and a mean of ratios approach were compared for estimation accuracy, involving eleven simulated datasets and two real world cases. Contrary to what is still practiced in the literature, incorrectly constrained payment parameters can in fact cause a systematic misrepresentation of true mean WTP values. The overall findings suggest for researchers using choice experiments, as a rule of thumb, that mean WTP values for environmental changes might be safely and accurately estimated using the ratio of means approach based on population moments with an unconstrained random payment parameter. In contrast, the mean of ratios approach based on conditional individual-specific WTP ratios might be neither accurate nor reliable.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 125-139
Issue: 2
Volume: 9
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1614482
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1614482
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:2:p:125-139
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marcelo de Lima
Author-X-Name-First: Marcelo
Author-X-Name-Last: de Lima
Title: The value of a statistical life in Mexico
Abstract:
Mexico has been making an increased use of cost–benefit analyses to inform its public policy decisions, in line with other OECD countries. The monetary values used in these analyses have generally been based on benefit transfer methods. There are several reasons to be cautious about the use of benefit transfer values, including that the resulting figures from the procedure can vary widely depending on assumptions. This is particularly pressing where large allocation decisions are at stake, as tends to be the case with air pollution policy and climate change policy. This study collected primary data to produce a value of statistical life for Mexico, using a questionnaire previously employed in several countries, including in the USA (where benefit transfer values tend to be sourced from by Mexican authorities). The analysis produces a value of statistical life of USD 210,880. The evidence suggests that benefit transfer values currently being used by Mexican authorities are being driven by the source values themselves, rather than by inappropriate assumptions about income elasticities or by being affected unduly by other factors. The conclusions offer some recommendations for future use of value of statistical life figures in Mexico.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 140-166
Issue: 2
Volume: 9
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1617196
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1617196
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:2:p:140-166
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paulo Anciaes
Author-X-Name-First: Paulo
Author-X-Name-Last: Anciaes
Author-Name: Paul Metcalfe
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Metcalfe
Author-Name: Antara Sen
Author-X-Name-First: Antara
Author-X-Name-Last: Sen
Title: A combined SP-RP model to estimate the value of improvements in freshwater angling in England
Abstract:
This paper estimates the value of improvements in the quality of freshwater angling sites in England, combining the results of stated preference (SP) models and a revealed preference (RP) model of the anglers’ actual choices of fishing sites and number of trips over a season. The paper provides comprehensive information into what anglers value and how much, considering all fishery types (coarse, game, and mixed) and water body types (river, stillwater, and canal) and a wide range of fish species. The study also considers several locational characteristics of the fishing sites, which have seldom been included in either SP or RP studies. We found that anglers attach a substantial value to lack of pollution, availability of pegs, and an attractive site environment. On average, the maximum possible improvement in one of these attributes in a given site more than doubles the number of visitors to that site and generates a total additional benefit of more than £10 per existing trip. Increases in fish size and quantity are also predicted to cause considerable changes in the number of visits and additional benefit, especially when moving from small/low to medium levels.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 167-187
Issue: 2
Volume: 9
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1622454
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1622454
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:2:p:167-187
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jesse Burkhardt
Author-X-Name-First: Jesse
Author-X-Name-Last: Burkhardt
Author-Name: Jude Bayham
Author-X-Name-First: Jude
Author-X-Name-Last: Bayham
Author-Name: Ander Wilson
Author-X-Name-First: Ander
Author-X-Name-Last: Wilson
Author-Name: Jesse D. Berman
Author-X-Name-First: Jesse D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Berman
Author-Name: Katelyn O'Dell
Author-X-Name-First: Katelyn
Author-X-Name-Last: O'Dell
Author-Name: Bonne Ford
Author-X-Name-First: Bonne
Author-X-Name-Last: Ford
Author-Name: Emily V. Fischer
Author-X-Name-First: Emily V.
Author-X-Name-Last: Fischer
Author-Name: Jeffrey R. Pierce
Author-X-Name-First: Jeffrey R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Pierce
Title: The relationship between monthly air pollution and violent crime across the United States
Abstract:
Recent evidence suggests a relationship between short-term pollution exposure and crime, with a particular emphasis on aggressive behavior. However, the previous analyses are limited in geographic scope. In this paper, we estimate the effect of fine particulate air pollution (PM$_{2.5}$2.5) exposure on crime across 99% of counties in the contiguous United States. We combine monthly data on crime, PM$_{2.5}$2.5, and satellite-derived smoke plumes for a ten-year period. We use adjusted satellite-based landscape fire smoke plume data as an instrument for overall changes in ${\rm PM}_{2.5}$PM2.5. Our findings are consistent with previous research and suggest that increases in ${\rm PM}_{2.5}$PM2.5 raise violent crime rates, and specifically assaults. Our results indicate the effect is relatively homogeneous across the U.S. However, we find the effect is positively correlated with county median age, suggesting older populations are more susceptible to changes in air pollution. Our results indicate a need for more research on the physiological and social mechanisms behind the measured effects.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 188-205
Issue: 2
Volume: 9
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1630014
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1630014
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:2:p:188-205
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gianluca Grilli
Author-X-Name-First: Gianluca
Author-X-Name-Last: Grilli
Author-Name: John Curtis
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Curtis
Author-Name: Stephen Hynes
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen
Author-X-Name-Last: Hynes
Title: Modelling anglers' fish release choices using logbook data
Abstract:
In this paper we model recreational anglers' decisions to voluntarily release their catch to improve fish stock conservation. Using a random utility framework, we compare anglers' utility of retaining and consuming fish versus increased stock conservation achieved by fish releases. The analysis is based on a dataset of fish landings from anglers fishing for salmon and sea trout in Ireland during the seasons 2010–2016. Results indicate that there is a statistically significant inverse association between the weight of a fish and the probability of release, with larger fish more likely to be retained for consumption. On average, anglers were willing to sacrifice around 2.5 kg of fish to improve conservation of salmon and sea trout stocks, with a median value of 1.48. Results also indicate that the release probability varies based on fishing methods, with the use of spinners, fly-fishing and shrimps as bait to be more likely to be used for catch and release and live bait (i.e. worms) to retain the fish. Licence types and anglers' nationality are also important variables explaining release probability.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 206-219
Issue: 2
Volume: 9
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1640140
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1640140
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:2:p:206-219
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Philip E. Graves
Author-X-Name-First: Philip E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Graves
Title: Externalities, public goods, and property rights revisited: regulations based on traditional B–C analyses are too lax
Abstract:
Pigou advocated for marginal damage taxes on negative externalities, Samuelson described the conditions for optimal pure public goods provision, and both Pigou and Samuelson believed that non-excludability required government intervention/provision, respectively. However, Coase argued that government intervention is sometimes unnecessary. A previously unexplored relationship between externalities, public goods, and property rights implies that non-excludable goods – particularly environmental goods – are undervalued by the methods currently employed by economists. This implies that Pigouvian taxes should generally be larger than currently thought, and that command and control regulations are too lax. The Coase Theorem is seen to have less policy relevance than is typically supposed.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 220-226
Issue: 2
Volume: 9
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1660232
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1660232
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:2:p:220-226
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ramjee Acharya
Author-X-Name-First: Ramjee
Author-X-Name-Last: Acharya
Author-Name: Arthur J. Caplan
Author-X-Name-First: Arthur J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Caplan
Title: Optimal investment to control ‘red air day’ episodes: lessons from Northern Utah, USA
Abstract:
We address the issue of optimal investment in ‘preventative capital’ to mitigate episodic, mobile-source air pollution events by calibrating an endogenous-risk model with parameter estimates obtained from a unique dataset related to ‘red air day’ episodes occurring during the winter months in Northern Utah. Our analysis demonstrates that, under a wide range of circumstances, the optimal steady-state level of preventative capital stock – raised through the issuance of a municipal ‘clean air bond’ that provides foundational funding for more aggressive mitigation efforts – can meet the standard for PM2.5 concentrations with positive social net benefits. We estimate benefit-cost ratios ranging between 3.1:1 and 11.3:1, depending upon trip-count elasticity with respect to preventative capital stock. These ratios are clustered in the lower end of the range estimated for the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments in general.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 227-250
Issue: 2
Volume: 9
Year: 2020
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1666747
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1666747
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:2:p:227-250
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Klaus Glenk
Author-X-Name-First: Klaus
Author-X-Name-Last: Glenk
Author-Name: Julia Martin-Ortega
Author-X-Name-First: Julia
Author-X-Name-Last: Martin-Ortega
Title: The economics of peatland restoration
Abstract:
Restoration offers opportunities for securing and enhancing critical ecosystem services provided by peatlands, such as carbon storage, water retention and water quality, and support for biodiversity and wildlife. A comprehensive valuation encompassing the relevant public benefits of restoration and how these compare with it is lacking to date, leaving policy makers with little guidance with respect to the economic efficiency of restoring this climate-critical ecosystem. Using Scotland as a case study, this paper quantifies the non-market benefits of changes in peatland ecological condition associated with changes in ecosystem service provision and depending on the location of restoration efforts. Benefits on a per hectare basis are compared to varying capital and recurrent cost in a net present value space, providing a benchmark to be used in decision making on investments into peatland restoration. The findings suggest that peatland restoration is likely to be welfare enhancing. Benefits also exceed cost in appraisals of previous and future public investments into peatland restoration. The results thus strengthen the economic rationale for climate change mitigation through improved peatland management.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 345-362
Issue: 4
Volume: 7
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1434562
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1434562
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:4:p:345-362
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Musharaf A. Talpur
Author-X-Name-First: Musharaf A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Talpur
Author-Name: Mark J. Koetse
Author-X-Name-First: Mark J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Koetse
Author-Name: Roy Brouwer
Author-X-Name-First: Roy
Author-X-Name-Last: Brouwer
Title: Accounting for implicit and explicit payment vehicles in a discrete choice experiment
Abstract:
This study estimates the benefits of beach quality improvements, using travel costs as an implicit and entrance fee as an explicit payment vehicle in two otherwise identical labelled discrete choice site selection models. Including entrance fee as an explicit payment vehicle in addition to implicit travel costs is expected to affect beach visitors’ preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) since travel costs only are not expected to measure maximum WTP. Convergent validity of preference parameters and WTP derived from the two identical discrete choice experiments (DCEs) is tested using a split-sample approach and specifying a mixed logit choice model. Both preferences and scale parameters are significantly different between the two samples. As expected, mean WTP values are higher when an explicit entrance fee is included in the DCE. Our results suggest that implicit payment vehicles in choice experiments underestimate welfare changes. Beach visitors’ positive WTP holds promise for the introduction of economic instruments such as entrance fees to support the financial sustainability of improved beach management.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 363-385
Issue: 4
Volume: 7
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1450789
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1450789
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:4:p:363-385
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gabriela Scheufele
Author-X-Name-First: Gabriela
Author-X-Name-Last: Scheufele
Author-Name: Jeff Bennett
Author-X-Name-First: Jeff
Author-X-Name-Last: Bennett
Title: Costing biodiversity protection: payments for environmental services schemes in Lao PDR
Abstract:
A Payments for Environmental Services (PES) scheme that involves setting a ‘pseudo market price’ requires the estimation of demand and supply. This paper presents the estimated marginal costs of anti-poaching patrols designed to enhance biodiversity in two protected areas in Lao PDR. This supply information was used in conjunction with environmental production functions and estimated demand for biodiversity to determine the ‘price’ paid per patrol. Marginal costs were estimated through uniform-price conservation actions: Teams of local people interested in being part of the PES scheme bid for the number of patrols they would like to provide in response to a range of offered prices. The auction process generated a sequence of well-behaved price-quantity pairs that track the individual marginal cost function of each bidding team accounting for both fixed and variable costs. The marginal costs vary across bidders. These variations can be explained by differences in competing employment and income opportunities across bidders, village locations and seasons. The results provide evidence of heterogeneous opportunity costs of supply and suggest an efficiency loss in assuming homogeneity.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 386-402
Issue: 4
Volume: 7
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1458657
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1458657
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:4:p:386-402
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Benjamin A. Jones
Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Jones
Title: Willingness to pay estimates for wildfire smoke health impacts in the US using the life satisfaction approach
Abstract:
Wildfire smoke is harmful to human health, imposing economic costs on society. Understanding wildfire smoke health costs is increasingly important in evaluating the true burden of wildfire on society, including the difficult to measure individual-level costs of smoke exposure. However, extant research on the individual-level health damages of smoke exposure are based on geographically limited case studies and make strong assumptions on agent rationality and the functioning of markets. Given that US wildfire policy is often set at the national-level, more representative estimates based on weaker and more realistic assumptions are needed. In this paper, the life satisfaction approach is applied for the first time to estimate willingness to pay (WTP) to avoid wildfire smoke induced health effects. Using nationally-representative data from the US Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System over 2006–2010, we estimate that US adults have a WTP of $129 [95% CI: $23, $235] to avoid one day of wildfire smoke induced health effects. WTP is largest for young adults (18–24 years) and among urban residents. The baseline WTP result is larger than the only other comparable extant estimate, suggestive that health damages may vary both geographically and according to the set of assumptions made on exposed individuals’ behavior.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 403-419
Issue: 4
Volume: 7
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1463872
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1463872
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:4:p:403-419
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fitalew Agimass Taye
Author-X-Name-First: Fitalew Agimass
Author-X-Name-Last: Taye
Author-Name: Suzanne Elizabeth Vedel
Author-X-Name-First: Suzanne Elizabeth
Author-X-Name-Last: Vedel
Author-Name: Jette Bredahl Jacobsen
Author-X-Name-First: Jette Bredahl
Author-X-Name-Last: Jacobsen
Title: Accounting for environmental attitude to explain variations in willingness to pay for forest ecosystem services using the new environmental paradigm
Abstract:
In the environmental psychology literature, the new environmental paradigm (NEP) scale has been used to measure environmental attitude as a multidimensional concept. This study is conducted based on this multidimensionality concept to analyse willingness to pay for forest management targeting non-use value ecosystem services. In most previous studies, the NEP scale has been considered as a unidimensional measure and directly incorporated into the modelling. Here, we outline the relevance of considering such multidimensionality of the NEP scale using a different modelling procedure. This is performed following two modelling approaches (1) a random parameters logit model where the NEP score is incorporated directly and (2) a hybrid choice model in which latent variables identified from the NEP scale are incorporated in simultaneous equations setup. In both models, the environmental attitude influences preferences and willingness to pay estimates, but the first one ignoring the multidimensionality tends to exaggerate its impact. The hybrid choice model shows slightly lower statistical performance. However, in this model, the use of two latent variables reveal a non-uniform effect and thereby clearly shows the relevance of considering a multidimensional NEP scale for a better understanding of variations.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 420-440
Issue: 4
Volume: 7
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1467346
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1467346
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:4:p:420-440
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Aleksandar Vasilev
Author-X-Name-First: Aleksandar
Author-X-Name-Last: Vasilev
Title: A real-business-cycle model with pollution and environmental taxation: the case of Bulgaria
Abstract:
We introduce an environmental dimension into a real-business-cycle model augmented with a detailed government sector. We calibrate the model to Bulgarian data for the period following the introduction of the currency board arrangement (1999–2016). We investigate the quantitative importance of utility-enhancing environmental quality, and the mechanics of an ‘environmental’ output tax levied on the polluting firm's output, as well as the effect of government spending on pollution abatement over the cycle. In particular, a positive shock to pollution emission in the model works like a positive technological shock, but its effect is quantitatively very small. Overall, the model performs relatively well when evaluated against data, but less so along the environmental dimension, so more research is needed to understand the aggregate effects of pollution.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 441-451
Issue: 4
Volume: 7
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1480972
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1480972
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:4:p:441-451
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: John Loomis
Author-X-Name-First: John
Author-X-Name-Last: Loomis
Author-Name: Leslie Richardson
Author-X-Name-First: Leslie
Author-X-Name-Last: Richardson
Author-Name: Chris Huber
Author-X-Name-First: Chris
Author-X-Name-Last: Huber
Author-Name: Jeffrey Skibins
Author-X-Name-First: Jeffrey
Author-X-Name-Last: Skibins
Author-Name: Ryan Sharp
Author-X-Name-First: Ryan
Author-X-Name-Last: Sharp
Title: A method to value nature-related webcam viewing: the value of virtual use with application to brown bear webcam viewing
Abstract:
There are an estimated 16,000 nature related remote web cameras that provide users around the world with an opportunity to view wildlife. Because there is no monetary price to view the webcams, we utilise variations in the viewers’ opportunity cost of time to estimate consumer surplus. We apply this model to a large sample (n = 2649) of the more than 10 million viewers of Alaska's Katmai National Park and Preserve brown bear webcams. The resulting consumer surplus is around $11 per hour of viewing. When applied to the 2.42 million viewer hours, this yields a benefit of $27 million annually. Since there are limits on the number of visitors as well as high costs of visiting this remote site, the aggregate webcam viewing value is more than twice the aggregate on-site viewing value. With minimal survey data required to apply this model, we believe it has broad applicability to other nature-related webcams around the world.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 452-462
Issue: 4
Volume: 7
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1483842
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1483842
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:4:p:452-462
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Acknowledgement of Referees, 2017–2018
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 463-464
Issue: 4
Volume: 7
Year: 2018
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2018.1516922
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2018.1516922
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:7:y:2018:i:4:p:463-464
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kristine M. Grimsrud
Author-X-Name-First: Kristine M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Grimsrud
Author-Name: Henrik Lindhjem
Author-X-Name-First: Henrik
Author-X-Name-Last: Lindhjem
Author-Name: Ingvild Vestre Sem
Author-X-Name-First: Ingvild Vestre
Author-X-Name-Last: Sem
Author-Name: Knut Einar Rosendahl
Author-X-Name-First: Knut Einar
Author-X-Name-Last: Rosendahl
Title: Public acceptance and willingness to pay cost-effective taxes on red meat and city traffic in Norway
Abstract:
The Norwegian Green Tax Commission proposes inter alia cost-effective taxes on red meat and city traffic to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and local air pollution. Implementation requires public support, but the acceptance of and willingness to pay (WTP) such taxes are not known. We conducted a national survey of the public's acceptance of and WTP the two taxes. The survey instrument showed the reduction in emissions/pollution dynamically for each tax level chosen. Despite survey information about the purpose of the taxes, only 25%, on average, were in favour of their introduction, the rest did not know, had zero WTP, or opposed the taxes. In this respect, preferences for the two taxes are similar. However, on average people are WTP approximately 90% of the cost-effective tax level for red meat, but only about 25%–35% of the tax on city traffic, depending on fuel type. The most important concern in designing environmental policy was to avoid increased economic inequality. Earmarking the tax revenue for environmentally friendly technology increased acceptable tax level for red meat. Earmarking tax revenues for reduced income tax did not increase the acceptability of proposed taxes on neither red meat nor city traffic.”
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 251-268
Issue: 3
Volume: 9
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1673213
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1673213
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:3:p:251-268
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ivan Telega
Author-X-Name-First: Ivan
Author-X-Name-Last: Telega
Author-Name: Agnieszka Telega
Author-X-Name-First: Agnieszka
Author-X-Name-Last: Telega
Title: Driving factors of material consumption in European countries – spatial panel data analysis
Abstract:
The aim of this study is to identify the main drivers of material consumption measured by DMC per capita. Due to data availability, the study is limited to European countries in 2000–2016. We analyse panel data compiled from the Eurostat database. At first, we estimated the fixed-effects model with robust standard errors [Arellano, Manuel. 2003. Panel Data Econometrics. Oxford: Oxford University Press]. Then we applied the method proposed by Baltagi and Wu [1999. “Unequally Spaced Panel Data Regressions with AR(1) Disturbances.” Econometric Theory 15: 814–823] for unequally spaced panel data regression models with AR(1) remainder disturbances (implemented in Stata – xtregar). Finally, we estimated the spatial autocorrelation model (SAR) to account for spatial dependencies in the data (Stata – xsmle). Results show the strong coupling of material consumption and GDP per capita. Another strongly significant factors are final energy consumption per capita and the share of the construction sector in GDP. We received mixed results on the impact of investments and R&D expenditures depending on model specification.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 269-280
Issue: 3
Volume: 9
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1675186
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1675186
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:3:p:269-280
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Benjamin Ouvrard
Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin
Author-X-Name-Last: Ouvrard
Author-Name: Anne Stenger
Author-X-Name-First: Anne
Author-X-Name-Last: Stenger
Title: Informational nudges and public goods in networks
Abstract:
We present a model of voluntary contributions for a local public good, with individuals in a fixed network. We consider the introduction of an informational nudge, and model individuals' reaction to the nudge using a moral cost function. Regardless of the regulator's level of information, an informational nudge may induce higher levels of aggregate contributions in circle and complete networks, and reduces strategic uncertainty, as long as individuals' sensitivity to the nudge is high enough (contrary to the star and line networks). If in star and line networks agents' sensitivity to the nudge also matters, the regulator's degree of knowledge regarding each individual position in the network becomes crucial, as the efficiency of our nudge is lowered under incomplete information (it is not possible to send personalized information to each agent). Our main conclusion is therefore that a nudge policy should target specific individuals (those being the most sensitive to the nudge or having the highest interest for the public good) in specific networks (those in which each agent should contribute the same). We finally discuss some ethical concerns related to nudge implementation because of their potential for manipulation.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 281-303
Issue: 3
Volume: 9
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1676826
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1676826
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:3:p:281-303
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kei Kabaya
Author-X-Name-First: Kei
Author-X-Name-Last: Kabaya
Author-Name: Shizuka Hashimoto
Author-X-Name-First: Shizuka
Author-X-Name-Last: Hashimoto
Author-Name: Kazuhiko Takeuchi
Author-X-Name-First: Kazuhiko
Author-X-Name-Last: Takeuchi
Title: Which cultural ecosystem services is more important? A best-worst scaling approach
Abstract:
Identifying relatively important ecosystem services beforehand is essential for efficient and effective assessment. Using a best-worst scaling (BWS) method, we investigated the relative importance of cultural ecosystem services (CES) in Japan, where the second phase of national ecosystem service assessment is under consideration. Classifying CES into seven distinct categories (i.e. spiritual and religious values, recreation and tourism, aesthetic values, education and inspiration, social cohesion and sense of place, cultural diversity, and existence and bequest values), we administered a questionnaire survey at the nation-wide scale and collected 28,854 valid BWS responses from 4122 individuals. As a result, BWS successfully elicited the Japanese preferences for CES with completely distinguishable orders, which the conventional rating approach was unable to achieve. Our analysis proposed that future CES assessments in Japan should put more emphasis on aesthetic values as well as existence and bequest values. As we could not find large differences in preferences for these two services across individuals, groups and regions in relative terms, such prioritization could gain broader understanding and supports from wider audiences.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 304-318
Issue: 3
Volume: 9
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1683470
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1683470
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:3:p:304-318
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Natali Hritonenko
Author-X-Name-First: Natali
Author-X-Name-Last: Hritonenko
Author-Name: Yuri Yatsenko
Author-X-Name-First: Yuri
Author-X-Name-Last: Yatsenko
Author-Name: Thierry Bréchet
Author-X-Name-First: Thierry
Author-X-Name-Last: Bréchet
Title: On North-South interaction and environmental adaptation
Abstract:
We offer a simple analytic framework for modelling an asymmetric multi-country world that faces negative impacts of climate change. A two-player asymmetric game combines economic efficiency and environmental vulnerability in the North-South competitive system. Comparison of competitive (Nash equilibrium) and cooperative strategies sheds a new light on integration between international and domestic climate policies. Focusing on the economic and environmental inequalities, we analyse the range of strategies that ensure positive payoffs for both North and South. Modelling alternatives for adaptation, mitigation, and international transfer are discussed and analysed in this framework.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 319-337
Issue: 3
Volume: 9
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1684384
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1684384
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:3:p:319-337
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ricky N. Lawton
Author-X-Name-First: Ricky N.
Author-X-Name-Last: Lawton
Author-Name: Susana Mourato
Author-X-Name-First: Susana
Author-X-Name-Last: Mourato
Author-Name: Daniel Fujiwara
Author-X-Name-First: Daniel
Author-X-Name-Last: Fujiwara
Author-Name: Hasan Bakhshi
Author-X-Name-First: Hasan
Author-X-Name-Last: Bakhshi
Title: Comparing the effect of oath commitments and cheap talk entreaties in contingent valuation surveys: a randomised field experiment
Abstract:
Contingent valuation is a common methodology for eliciting preferences for non-market goods under hypothetical scenarios. Bias reduction strategies have been developed when evaluating low-cost realistic policy changes, including cheap-talk scripts, that alert respondents to tendencies to overstate values, and oath scripts, whereby respondents promise to answer valuation questions truthfully. This paper is the first large-scale experimental comparison of cheap-talk and oath commitments, amongst randomly-assigned respondents, in a field-setting using hypothetical voluntary donations. The data come from three general population surveys eliciting willingness to pay (WTP) for cultural institutions in England. We find limited and case-specific evidence regarding the effectiveness of cheap-talk and oath scripts in affecting stated values, which we attribute to realism and low cost of the proposals, which arguably diminishes hypothetical bias and produces realistic WTP values. We find evidence of the depressing effect of entreaty script on WTP or probability of paying in principle in only one of three case studies. Future research should replicate this experimental design with larger sample sizes and on non-voluntary payment mechanisms. Given the inconsistent findings across three large-scale experimental field studies, our recommendation is to include both cheap-talk and oath scripts where possible, and only cheap-talk where survey length is constrained.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 338-354
Issue: 3
Volume: 9
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1689174
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1689174
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:3:p:338-354
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yogeeswari Subramaniam
Author-X-Name-First: Yogeeswari
Author-X-Name-Last: Subramaniam
Author-Name: Tajul Ariffin Masron
Author-X-Name-First: Tajul Ariffin
Author-X-Name-Last: Masron
Title: Education, methane emission and poverty in developing countries
Abstract:
In developing world, poor people are forced to overuse environmental resources to survive daily, and their impoverishment of the environment is expected to further impoverish them. With poverty and environmental degradation are the primary attribute of most developing countries, this study aims to show the implication of education on poverty-environmental issue in developing countries using panel data of 22 developing countries for the period of 1990–2016. Adopting autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach, the paper finds evidence substantiating the presence of emission which discharged from poverty. There is also evidence to indicate that the positive impact of poverty can be reduced if education has attained a certain high threshold level. The marginal effect displays that the impact of poverty on environmental degradation depends on education, with improvement in education helps to minimize the destruction potentially offered by the poor. Hence, policy focuses on improving various aspects of education, especially those relevant to combat poverty, can mitigate the adverse effect of poverty on emission.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 355-369
Issue: 3
Volume: 9
Year: 2020
Month: 7
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1689175
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1689175
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:3:p:355-369
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yohei Mitani
Author-X-Name-First: Yohei
Author-X-Name-Last: Mitani
Title: The effects of subjective perception on preference heterogeneity
Abstract:
Heterogeneity in preferences among individuals and groups for environmental goods has been widely observed in non-market valuation studies. However, the underlying mechanisms that produce the heterogeneity are not yet sufficiently understood, and the explanation remains one of the major questions in the stated preference economic analysis. This paper examines whether variations in perceived quality explain the observed heterogeneity in willingness-to-pay. Individuals’ willingness-to-pay for an environmental quality change is modelled as a function of their subjective perceived quality, instead of objective quality, and individual characteristics. At the same time, their subjective perception is modelled as a function of their individual characteristics. An empirical test is conducted using a choice experiment data set that evaluates endangered species conservation. The results indicate that (i) respondent’s subjective perception depends on their motivation, knowledge and comprehension; (ii) the willingness-to-pay estimate depends on the subjective perception as well as attitude, motivation and gender. The finding supports that respondent’s willingness-to-pay is dependent on their perceived quality, indicating that the subjective perception is one of the potential sources of the estimated preference heterogeneity. This suggests that prior knowledge as well as posterior understanding could have an effect on respondent’s willingness-to-pay through their subjective perception endogenously.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 371-382
Issue: 4
Volume: 9
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1692311
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1692311
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:4:p:371-382
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Matheus Koengkan
Author-X-Name-First: Matheus
Author-X-Name-Last: Koengkan
Author-Name: José Alberto Fuinhas
Author-X-Name-First: José Alberto
Author-X-Name-Last: Fuinhas
Author-Name: Renato Santiago
Author-X-Name-First: Renato
Author-X-Name-Last: Santiago
Title: The relationship between CO2 emissions, renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, economic growth, and urbanisation in the Southern Common Market
Abstract:
The causalities between carbon dioxide emissions, renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, economic growth, and urbanisation were examined for the panel of five countries (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Venezuela) from Southern Common Market, over thirty-five years (1980–2014), using a panel vector autoregression. The empirical analysis pointed to the existence of bi-directional causality between the consumption of fossil fuels, economic growth, consumption of renewable energy, and carbon dioxide emissions; and a uni-directional relationship between the consumption of renewable energy and urbanisation. The research also proves that the countries from Southern Common Market are dependent on fossil fuels consumption and that urbanisation process is highly linked with the consumption of this type of energy. Additionally, it was found that these countries have low renewable energy participation in their energy mix. Nevertheless, a substitutability effect between the consumption of renewable energy and the consumption of fossil fuels, as a possible response to periods of scarcity in reservoirs, was detected. Policymakers of Southern Common Market countries should speed up the deep reforms regarding renewable energy to mitigate environmental degradation.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 383-401
Issue: 4
Volume: 9
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2019.1702902
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2019.1702902
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:4:p:383-401
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hung Vo Trung
Author-X-Name-First: Hung
Author-X-Name-Last: Vo Trung
Author-Name: Thanh Viet Nguyen
Author-X-Name-First: Thanh
Author-X-Name-Last: Viet Nguyen
Author-Name: Michel Simioni
Author-X-Name-First: Michel
Author-X-Name-Last: Simioni
Title: Willingness to pay for mangrove preservation in Xuan Thuy National Park, Vietnam: do household knowledge and interest play a role?
Abstract:
Xuan Thuy National Park, a special nature reserve with mangrove swamps located in the Red River Delta in North Vietnam, plays an important role in combating coastal erosion and provides a habitat for many endangered bird species. This study applied double-bounded dichotomous choice contingent valuation method to directly estimate how much locals are willing to pay for mangrove conservation at Xuan Thuy National Park. In particular, the technique was used to provide better assess to the non-use value of biodiversity and ecosystem support of mangroves. Survey respondents from 350 households in the buffer zone were presented with a hypothetical scenario describing a policy that quantifies the environmental change to be achieved by 2030, and specifying a lump sum payment. Non-parametric estimate of mean WTP was found at 511,090 VND per household (22.03 USD) whereas parametric estimate of mean WTP derived from the log-logistic specification was found at 619,908 VND (26.73 USD) per household. Awareness of mangrove benefit and interest in conservation activities have a positive impact on WTP responses, in addition to income. The findings will help policy-makers adopt sound environmental policies and advise locals on the importance of protecting the mangroves which in turn protect their livelihoods.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 402-420
Issue: 4
Volume: 9
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2020.1716854
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2020.1716854
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:4:p:402-420
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ping Li
Author-X-Name-First: Ping
Author-X-Name-Last: Li
Author-Name: Jeff Bennett
Author-X-Name-First: Jeff
Author-X-Name-Last: Bennett
Author-Name: Bao Zhang
Author-X-Name-First: Bao
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhang
Title: Ranking policies to achieve sustainable stocking rates in Inner Mongolia
Abstract:
Different mixes of the same policy attributes at different levels can deliver different ecological and social results. The prediction and assessment of policy impacts can help policy makers make better decision. Using the results of a contingent behaviour study, the ability of alternative policy instruments to reduce stocking rates in Inner Mongolia to levels that are regarded as ecologically sustainable is assessed. The policy mixes that are shown to satisfy the ecological criteria are then ranked using a choice model in terms of their utility relative to what the current policy mix provides herders. Only, policy mixes that combine incentives (such as increased pensions, more generous loan provisions and greater subsidies) with penalties (including increased monitoring and enforcement of stocking rate rules) are able to achieve both the stocking rate reduction and herder utility improvement goals.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 421-429
Issue: 4
Volume: 9
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2020.1726210
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2020.1726210
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:4:p:421-429
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anuska Jain
Author-X-Name-First: Anuska
Author-X-Name-Last: Jain
Author-Name: Roisin O'Sullivan
Author-X-Name-First: Roisin
Author-X-Name-Last: O'Sullivan
Author-Name: Vis Taraz
Author-X-Name-First: Vis
Author-X-Name-Last: Taraz
Title: Temperature and economic activity: evidence from India
Abstract:
This paper investigates the impact of temperature on economic activity in India, using state-level data from 1980–2015. We estimate that a $1^{\circ }$1∘C increase in contemporaneous temperature (relative to our sample mean) reduces the economic growth rate that year by 2.5 percentage points. The adverse impact of higher temperatures is more severe in poorer states and in the primary sector. Our analysis of lagged temperatures suggests that our effects are driven by the contemporaneous effect of temperature on output; we do not find evidence of a permanent impact of contemporaneous temperatures on future growth rates.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 430-446
Issue: 4
Volume: 9
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2020.1727776
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2020.1727776
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:4:p:430-446
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jamal Mamkhezri
Author-X-Name-First: Jamal
Author-X-Name-Last: Mamkhezri
Author-Name: Jennifer A. Thacher
Author-X-Name-First: Jennifer A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Thacher
Author-Name: Janie M. Chermak
Author-X-Name-First: Janie M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Chermak
Author-Name: Robert P. Berrens
Author-X-Name-First: Robert P.
Author-X-Name-Last: Berrens
Title: Does the solemn oath lower WTP responses in a discrete choice experiment application to solar energy?
Abstract:
A recently offered alternative to eliminating or mitigating hypothetical bias associated with stated preference surveys is the solemn oath script. While the efficacy of solemn oath script is still debatable, the objective of this analysis is to provide an initial field setting test of the solemn oath script to a particular discrete choice experiment survey application to solar energy. We conducted a discrete choice experiment survey with two treatment groups: with and without having respondents sign the solemn oath prior to taking the survey. Utilizing random parameter logit models in both preference-space and willingness to pay (WTP)-space, results provide no evidence that the solemn oath script lowers respondents’ WTP for the good in question. Either there is no hypothetical bias in this solar energy case study, which we are unable to test as there is no real expenditure at issue, or the solemn oath script may have limited application outside of the experimental lab and is not effective under every condition. Lastly, this calls for more research on the efficacy of a solemn oath script.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 447-473
Issue: 4
Volume: 9
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2020.1738276
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2020.1738276
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:4:p:447-473
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ken Willis
Author-X-Name-First: Ken
Author-X-Name-Last: Willis
Title: Acknowledgement of referees, 2018–2020
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 474-475
Issue: 4
Volume: 9
Year: 2020
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2020.1830500
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2020.1830500
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:9:y:2020:i:4:p:474-475
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Arnar Buason
Author-X-Name-First: Arnar
Author-X-Name-Last: Buason
Author-Name: Kristin Eiriksdottir
Author-X-Name-First: Kristin
Author-X-Name-Last: Eiriksdottir
Author-Name: Dadi Kristofersson
Author-X-Name-First: Dadi
Author-X-Name-Last: Kristofersson
Author-Name: Kyrre Rickertsen
Author-X-Name-First: Kyrre
Author-X-Name-Last: Rickertsen
Title: Frequency and time in recreational demand
Abstract:
In the standard single-site travel cost model, it is assumed that time spent on-site is exogenous. This assumption results in a willingness to pay (WTP) for time on-site of zero, which may be less realistic for many urban parks that are frequently visited by local residents. We develop a single-site travel cost model where a visitor simultaneously chooses the number of visits and how much time to spend on-site. In this model, the WTP estimate includes the price of the trip and the price of time spent on-site. Next, we develop a two-part hurdle model with non-zero correlation between the number of trips and time spent on-site. We use data gathered in an urban park in Iceland to estimate the model. The estimated WTP values are more than twice as high as the estimates of the standard single-site model.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 1-13
Issue: 1
Volume: 10
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2020.1738963
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2020.1738963
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:1:p:1-13
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Serdar Ongan
Author-X-Name-First: Serdar
Author-X-Name-Last: Ongan
Author-Name: Cem Isik
Author-X-Name-First: Cem
Author-X-Name-Last: Isik
Author-Name: Dilek Ozdemir
Author-X-Name-First: Dilek
Author-X-Name-Last: Ozdemir
Title: Economic growth and environmental degradation: evidence from the US case environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis with application of decomposition
Abstract:
This study re-tests the environmetal Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis for the US, based on a methodology that differentiates this study from previous empirical studies.To this aim, the per-capita income series (variable) is decomposed into its increases and decreases as two new time series and only one series, which contains income increases, is used. The rationale of this decomposition method is that the EKC hypothesis is originally postulated based on the impacts of income increases on environmental degradation. Therefore, this decomposition may allow us to test the EKC hypothesis more accurately through only income increases in accordance with its original postulation. Following decomposition, the ARDL approach to cointegration is applied between 1990M1 and 2019M7. Empirical findings of decomposed and undecomposed models are exactly opposite to each other. While the undecomposed model does not detect evidence of the EKC hypothesis for the US, the decomposed model strongly does so. This can lead to the interpretation that the decomposed model discovers-detects the existing but concealed validity of the EKC hypothesis, which the undecomposed model is not capable of detecting. Based on this result, this study proposes using this method as well, as an alternative technique for the EKC hypothesis testing models.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 14-21
Issue: 1
Volume: 10
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2020.1756419
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2020.1756419
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:1:p:14-21
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Per-Olov Johansson
Author-X-Name-First: Per-Olov
Author-X-Name-Last: Johansson
Author-Name: Bengt Kriström
Author-X-Name-First: Bengt
Author-X-Name-Last: Kriström
Title: Why rational agents report zero or negative WTPs in valuation experiments
Abstract:
In surveys of the willingness-to-pay for different policies, typically there are responses that are classified as protest responses. Such responses appear to defy efforts to address the issue through best practice in the design and testing of survey instruments. The general impression from the literature is that the predominant approach to identifying and handling outliers, including protest responses, is by econometric techniques. In contrast, in this paper we focus on a simple theoretical model of agents equipped with well-behaved (textbook) preferences. The model is used to identify one type of responses that, at first glance, might be characterized as protest responses or possibly as scenario rejection. The novel explanation of the, in fact, perfectly rational behaviour relates to the total tax burden faced by a respondent. A possibly provocative finding is that the agent is searching for the constrained optimum while the survey-designer, intentionally or unintentionally, is trying to induce/convince the agent to value a second-best option. In particular, we don’t have to turn to behavioural economics, i.e. question rational choice theory, to arrive at a plausible theoretical explanation of what could be taken for protest responses.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 22-27
Issue: 1
Volume: 10
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2020.1760142
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2020.1760142
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:1:p:22-27
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Angela Cindy Emefa Mensah
Author-X-Name-First: Angela Cindy Emefa
Author-X-Name-Last: Mensah
Title: Tax elasticity of demand for plastic: the cause of plastic pollution in Ghana
Abstract:
Seemingly overlooked causes of inefficiencies in environmental fiscal reforms (EFRs) on plastic waste management are biased tax policies, which include indirect subsidization of plastic waste. With most developing countries grappling with plastic waste, it is paradoxical that they allow considerable tax exemptions on plastics, thereby ignoring the potential environmental damage caused by plastic pollution. This study investigates whether tax elasticity of plastic demand incentivizes unnecessary plastic consumption and subsequently plastic pollution, while accounting for the effect of tax exemptions. First, a simple theoretical model is developed to characterize the tax elasticity of plastic demand. Next, by isolating the attenuating effect of import tax exemptions, both the partial adjustment model and unrestricted error correction model, yield tax-inelastic demand for plastic in the long – and short-run, and speed of adjustments to the long-run equilibrium are estimated at 78% and 88%, respectively. Higher economic activities elicit higher long-run importation of plastic materials, with the effect of environmental tax and exemption being inconsequential. These results emphasize the need for government to embark on extensive restructuring of EFRs to ensure that optimal tax rates are applied on imports and efficient structures of tax exemptions are considered, while tightening possible channels of tax rebating by importers.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 28-42
Issue: 1
Volume: 10
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2020.1765882
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2020.1765882
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:1:p:28-42
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Adam Lampert
Author-X-Name-First: Adam
Author-X-Name-Last: Lampert
Title: Discounting as a double-edged sword: the values of both future goods and present economic growth decrease with the discount rate
Abstract:
How to compromise between economic growth and sustainable development is a major question. Particularly, climate policy affects capital and production levels (GDP), but it also affects the long-term economic growth, or the development of Total Factor Productivity (TFP) (e.g. technological developments), which enables more effective future production using a given capital. A slowdown in TFP development rate may result from either restrictions on production or climate damages. Such a slowdown results in a long-lasting decrease in GDP that persists long after the restrictions are no longer implied and/or long after the environment recovers from the damages. Therefore, effective climate policy entails analysis that incorporates present and future changes in both capital and TFP. Here, we derive an analytic formula for the economic values of TFP development. The values derived from the formula are consistent with those derived in detailed Integrated Assessment Models. The advantage of the formula is that it reveals the role of some key parameters in determining these values. Specifically, we show that higher discount rates imply lower values to TFP development. Therefore, considering higher discount rates is a double-edged sword, implying that future environmental damages are less costly but also that present economic growth is less valuable.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 43-53
Issue: 1
Volume: 10
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2020.1775709
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2020.1775709
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:1:p:43-53
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mike Brock
Author-X-Name-First: Mike
Author-X-Name-Last: Brock
Author-Name: Iain Fraser
Author-X-Name-First: Iain
Author-X-Name-Last: Fraser
Author-Name: Cherry Law
Author-X-Name-First: Cherry
Author-X-Name-Last: Law
Author-Name: Simon Mitchell
Author-X-Name-First: Simon
Author-X-Name-Last: Mitchell
Author-Name: David L. Roberts
Author-X-Name-First: David L.
Author-X-Name-Last: Roberts
Title: An economic analysis of twitching behaviour and species rarity
Abstract:
Avid birdwatchers, or ‘twitchers’, expend a considerable amount of money and time pursuing viewing experiences of rare or vagrant species. By vagrant species, we mean a species found outside its normal range/distribution. To enhance our understanding of this form of behaviour, we present results from a U.K. survey of twitchers. First, we examine the relationship between cost and rarity based on actual viewing experiences. Our statistical results reveal that the relationship between cost and rarity is positive and very inelastic. Second, we present results from a hypothetical Best-Worst Scaling exercise examining aspects of species rarity. We find that rarity is a more nuanced construct than simply the frequency with which a vagrant species has appeared. Our results provide insights into the meaning of rarity, as well as the economic value attach to it and why.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 54-73
Issue: 1
Volume: 10
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2020.1782269
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2020.1782269
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:1:p:54-73
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Akio Matsumoto
Author-X-Name-First: Akio
Author-X-Name-Last: Matsumoto
Author-Name: Ferenc Szidarovszky
Author-X-Name-First: Ferenc
Author-X-Name-Last: Szidarovszky
Title: Effective ambient charges on non-point source pollution in a two-stage Bertrand duopoly
Abstract:
This paper analyses the effectiveness of the ambient charges for controlling emissions of non-point source pollutions. To this end, we construct a two-stage Bertrand duopoly game, in which optimal abatement technologies are chosen first and then the optimal prices as well as the optimal productions are determined. It is shown that the ambient charge is always effective at the second stage. Since the effect could be ambiguous at the first stage, this paper sheds light on the conditions under which the ambient charge becomes effective.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 74-89
Issue: 1
Volume: 10
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2020.1786465
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2020.1786465
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:1:p:74-89
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kahsay Haile Zemo
Author-X-Name-First: Kahsay Haile
Author-X-Name-Last: Zemo
Author-Name: Halefom Yigzaw Nigus
Author-X-Name-First: Halefom Yigzaw
Author-X-Name-Last: Nigus
Title: Does religion promote pro-environmental behaviour? A cross-country investigation
Abstract:
Religion is one of the most prominent social institutions in the world and is profoundly entangled with day to day activities of the majority of the population. However, the effect of religion on socio-economic and environmental dimensions of development is not yet well explored in literature. Thus, this study aims to investigate the influence of multiple indicators of religion on pro-environmental behaviour and attitudes, and whether its effect varies across different income categories of countries. To this end, we use the World Value Survey data from up to 212,995 respondents across 91 countries collected from 1989 to 2014. The results of the study show that religion induces pro-environmental behaviour. Religion promotes individuals' willingness to contribute money and dampens individuals' protest against contributing for environmental protection. Similarly, religion has a positive effect on ecological donation and participation in the environmental demonstration. Furthermore, the results of this study indicate that the effects of some of the religious indicators on stated willingness to contribute for environmental protection are more pronounced in low-income countries than countries in high-income categories. These results highlight the importance of religion on environmental protection and suggest that integrating religion into environmental policies and programs may yield better environmental outcomes.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 90-113
Issue: 1
Volume: 10
Year: 2021
Month: 1
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2020.1796820
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2020.1796820
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:1:p:90-113
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fabio Zagonari
Author-X-Name-First: Fabio
Author-X-Name-Last: Zagonari
Title: Foreign direct investment vs. cross-border trade in environmental services with ethical spillovers: a theoretical model based on panel data
Abstract:
This paper develops a dynamic theoretical model based on empirical panel data to support decisions about whether favouring international environmental services that require ethical improvements, due to replicating behaviours or conforming to social pressures (e.g. waste management WM, organic farming OF, and energy conservation, EC), through either foreign direct investment (FDI) or cross-border trade (CBT) policy. The numerical simulations based on a dynamic model for the policy feasibility (i.e. whether there are realistic parameter values such that a policy can achieve its goal), and the statistical estimations based on panel data for the policy reliability (i.e. whether there is a strong relationship between a policy and its goal), suggest that there is no trade-off between effectiveness and efficiency. WM is promoted, but not reliably, by CBT, and some religious and secular ethics are crucial. In contrast, OF is promoted by neither FDI nor CBT, although some religious and secular ethics are important. EC is promoted, but not reliably, by FDI, and only a secular ethic is significant. Income and education (i.e. economic development) as well as the unemployed and elderly population (i.e. social status) have different effects on the dynamics and levels of WM, OF, and EC.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 130-154
Issue: 2
Volume: 10
Year: 2021
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2020.1799868
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2020.1799868
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:2:p:130-154
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Timothy D. Terrell
Author-X-Name-First: Timothy D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Terrell
Title: Carbon flux and N- and M-shaped environmental Kuznets curves: evidence from international land use change
Abstract:
Economic growth can affect land use change to release or sequester carbon, intensifying or mitigating the impact of other carbon emissions, and the functional form of that relationship is important to crafting policy responses. Data on land use and land cover change (LULCC) for 14 countries reveal an N – or M-shaped environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) for LULCC carbon flux to/from the atmosphere in some nations, while others display very different relationships. Most nations studied show some variation of the inverted-U EKC. All but one nation display initial turning points ranging from $2,000 to $9,000 per capita GDP (2011 dollars), and half are now net negative carbon emitters with respect to LULCC. For the US, regression analysis of the LULCC EKC indicates a roughly M-shaped quartic EKC function, with local maxima at about $3,700 and $45,700 and a local minimum at about $29,400. Where N-shaped EKCs are observed, the carbon sequestration from increasing forest regrowth is transient, and may be followed by a phase in which rising aggregate emissions dominate slowing sequestration in maturing forests. An M-shaped EKC indicates a third turning point, representing a return to increased net carbon absorption.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 155-174
Issue: 2
Volume: 10
Year: 2021
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2020.1809527
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2020.1809527
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:2:p:155-174
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kei Kabaya
Author-X-Name-First: Kei
Author-X-Name-Last: Kabaya
Title: Opposite impacts of policy and payment consequentiality treatments on willingness-to-pay in a contingent valuation study
Abstract:
A growing number of studies investigated the effects of additional consequentiality scripts on respondents’ willingness-to-pay (WTP) and/or their beliefs in the survey arena. However, these works barely provide a clear distinction between policy and payment consequentiality, despite the possible varying effects of these two alternative beliefs. This study explored the impacts of additional policy and payment consequentiality scripts on respondents’ WTP and stated beliefs using a split-sample approach. Econometric analyses revealed that the policy and payment consequentiality scripts had significantly positive and negative impacts on respondents’ voting behaviours, respectively. Especially, the latter script was more influential than the former one. The payment consequentiality script was also found to be significantly effective in improving respondents’ stated payment consequentiality beliefs. These results suggest that emphasising payment consequentiality of a survey is important to encourage respondents to exhibit more careful attitudes towards a hypothetical scenario, thereby reducing some forms of bias in stated preference methods.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 175-188
Issue: 2
Volume: 10
Year: 2021
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2020.1816218
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2020.1816218
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:2:p:175-188
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gilles Grolleau
Author-X-Name-First: Gilles
Author-X-Name-Last: Grolleau
Author-Name: Naoufel Mzoughi
Author-X-Name-First: Naoufel
Author-X-Name-Last: Mzoughi
Author-Name: Claude Napoléone
Author-X-Name-First: Claude
Author-X-Name-Last: Napoléone
Author-Name: Claire Pellegrin
Author-X-Name-First: Claire
Author-X-Name-Last: Pellegrin
Title: Does activating legacy concerns make farmers more likely to support conservation programmes?
Abstract:
Recent findings in behavioural sciences suggest that individuals may engage more in pro-social behaviour if they are prompted to reflect on how they will be remembered. Using experimental survey data with a between-subjects design, we examine the relevance of activating legacy concerns in the context of small businesses. More precisely, we investigate farmers’ intention to participate in conservation programmes for the sake of legacy. While the legacy effect is not found to be stronger than another priming manipulation at the global level, it is significant among first-generation farmers as opposed to multi-generation farmers. Inherited family farms are more prone to be influenced by non-environmental legacies whereas first-generation farmers can be more interested in leaving an environmental legacy.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 115-129
Issue: 2
Volume: 10
Year: 2021
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2020.1807410
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2020.1807410
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:2:p:115-129
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Per-Olov Johansson
Author-X-Name-First: Per-Olov
Author-X-Name-Last: Johansson
Title: The 2018 reform of EU ETS: consequences for project appraisal
Abstract:
The European Union’s Emissions Trading System used to be a cap-and-trade scheme with a fixed supply of permits. However, a recent reform of the system ‘punctures the waterbed’ by making the supply of permits endogenous.The current paper discusses how to handle permits in economic evaluations such as cost–benefit analysis. It derives general equilibrium rules for schemes with a fixed cap as well as schemes with an endogenous cap.The paper also derives a cost–benefit rule to use when an exogenous reduction in emissions causes an induced intertemporal change in the supply of permits, what is termed a (positive or negative) permit multiplier, under an endogenous cap. For example, an induced reduction in emissions is associated with climate-related benefits but comes at a cost as production is displaced when the number of available permits decreases. The permit multiplier implies that emissions within the EU ETS are valued differently from emissions occurring elsewhere even under an endogenous cap.A further novel result is that an endogenous cap could increase the social profitability of abatement efforts. By replacing purchases of permits, abatement could cause a reduction in the endogenous supply of permits and hence emissions.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 214-221
Issue: 2
Volume: 10
Year: 2021
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2020.1835738
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2020.1835738
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:2:p:214-221
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Franziska Klein
Author-X-Name-First: Franziska
Author-X-Name-Last: Klein
Author-Name: Jeroen van den Bergh
Author-X-Name-First: Jeroen
Author-X-Name-Last: van den Bergh
Title: The employment double dividend of environmental tax reforms: exploring the role of agent behaviour and social interaction
Abstract:
It has been long debated whether environmental tax reform (ETR), i.e. a revenue-neutral shift of the tax burden from labour to carbon emissions, can have a double dividend, in terms of climate and economic goals. So far this question has been addressed in public finance and environmental economics using models with rational and representative agents. Here we examine the relevance of deviating from these standard behavioural assumptions. Our motivation is that research from other fields indicates that impacts of both environmental and income taxation on households are sensitive to behavioural biases, such as habits, imitation or status seeking. A related feature is that consumers and firms are heterogeneous with respect to many characteristics, some of which are crucial for the distributional effects of a tax reform. We combine insights from social psychology and behavioural, evolutionary and labour economics to identify behavioural cases in which the impacts of an ETR is likely to differ significantly from those in the traditional framework. Our findings show that households’ time use patterns and the distinction between extensive and intensive labour supply are relevant and deserve more attention.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 189-213
Issue: 2
Volume: 10
Year: 2021
Month: 4
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2020.1819433
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2020.1819433
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:2:p:189-213
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Akseer Hussain
Author-X-Name-First: Akseer
Author-X-Name-Last: Hussain
Author-Name: Subhasish Dey
Author-X-Name-First: Subhasish
Author-X-Name-Last: Dey
Title: Revisiting environmental Kuznets curve with HDI: new evidence from cross-country panel data
Abstract:
This study investigates the existence of Environmental Kuznets curve (so for EKC) for a panel of 30 countries (as three sub-groups viz. developed economies, emerging economies and developing economies) over the period of 27 years from 1990 to 2016. The EKC proposes an inverted U-shape relation between environmental degradation and economic development. Unlike other similar studies where economic development proxied through GDP growth, in this study Human Development Index (HDI) is taken as a measure of development. Thereby the EKC existence is found here as relationship between HDI and ${{\rm CO}_{2}}$CO2 emission (environmental degradation measured in terms of ${{\rm CO}_{2}}$CO2 emission). The econometric framework for this study consists of Pooled OLS model, fixed effect model and fixed effect with instrumental variable model. Results showed the strong evidence of EKC for this panel of countries and also for each individual group of the countries.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 324-342
Issue: 3
Volume: 10
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1880486
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1880486
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:3:p:324-342
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yu-Kai Huang
Author-X-Name-First: Yu-Kai
Author-X-Name-Last: Huang
Author-Name: Reid B. Stevens
Author-X-Name-First: Reid B.
Author-X-Name-Last: Stevens
Author-Name: W. Douglass Shaw
Author-X-Name-First: W. Douglass
Author-X-Name-Last: Shaw
Title: Waste reduction and waste spillovers: evidence from unit-based pricing of municipal solid waste in Taiwan
Abstract:
This study evaluates the effects of unit-based pricing (UBP) of municipal solid waste and a mandatory recycling (MR) policy on waste reduction, recycling, illegal dumping, and garbage tourism incidents in major municipalities of Taiwan by using a quasi-experimental framework. The results suggest that the UBP policy curbed the quantity of unsorted waste and increased disposal of biodegradable waste but did not significantly increase recycling. In contrast, the MR policy effectively boosted biodegradable waste and recycling but did not necessarily decrease the amount of unsorted waste. There was a temporary increase in illegal dumping following the UBP policy. No evidence indicates that waste was shipped to nearby urban municipalities that had no UBP policy but likely to a neighbor rural municipality. The efficiency of the UBP in Taiwan is also discussed and compared with similar programs in other countries in this study.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 223-242
Issue: 3
Volume: 10
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2020.1844064
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2020.1844064
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:3:p:223-242
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Bryn Lockwood
Author-X-Name-First: Bryn
Author-X-Name-Last: Lockwood
Author-Name: Benjamin M. Drakeford
Author-X-Name-First: Benjamin M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Drakeford
Title: The value of carbon sequestration by saltmarsh in Chichester Harbour, United Kingdom
Abstract:
Following decades of habitat loss, carbon sequestration by coastal margin habitats has been recognised for its capacity to regulate atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations. Chichester Harbour, an estuarine complex on the South coast of the UK, is used as a case study area in this paper. Saltmarsh habitat there has declined by 60.6% from 1946 to 2018. This downward trend is predicted to continue. Extrapolated from historic habitat loss, three future saltmarsh habitat area scenarios (worst-case, average loss, best-case) are used to estimate the net carbon sequestered by saltmarsh from 2018 to 2030. Only the best-case scenario predicts a positive net carbon sequestration. Two representative carbon prices (UK policy abatement cost, and the social cost of carbon) are applied to estimate the value of the net carbon sequestered. Discount rates of 2.3% and 3.5% are also applied. Average loss scenario values range from −£2,221,358.99 ± 627,655.96 (abatement cost and a 2.3% discount rate) to −£986,303.19 ± 278,684.84 (social cost of carbon and a 3.5% discount rate). This study is the first to examine non-use values in the area. Results generated here can aid in highlighting the benefits saltmarsh habitats provide, promoting its conservation, as valuations of coastal habitats are poorly represented in management.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 278-292
Issue: 3
Volume: 10
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2020.1868345
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2020.1868345
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:3:p:278-292
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Samson Mukanjari
Author-X-Name-First: Samson
Author-X-Name-Last: Mukanjari
Author-Name: Edwin Muchapondwa
Author-X-Name-First: Edwin
Author-X-Name-Last: Muchapondwa
Author-Name: Eyoual Demeke
Author-X-Name-First: Eyoual
Author-X-Name-Last: Demeke
Title: Recreation demand and pricing policy for international tourists in developing countries: evidence from South Africa
Abstract:
National park agencies in Africa often lack incentives to maximize revenue, despite the decline in conservation subsidies from the State. We explore the potential of pricing policy to generate funds for extensive conservation. We estimate recreation demand by international tourists for a popular South African park, calculate the consumer surplus and find the revenue-maximizing entrance fee. Our results suggest substantial underpricing and therefore significant forgone income. By charging low fees at popular parks despite increasing conservation mandates and declining conservation subsidies, national parks in developing countries are forgoing substantial revenue crucial for combating widespread biodiversity losses.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 243-260
Issue: 3
Volume: 10
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2020.1853609
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2020.1853609
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:3:p:243-260
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Dhimitri Qirjo
Author-X-Name-First: Dhimitri
Author-X-Name-Last: Qirjo
Author-Name: Razvan Pascalau
Author-X-Name-First: Razvan
Author-X-Name-Last: Pascalau
Author-Name: Dmitriy Krichevskiy
Author-X-Name-First: Dmitriy
Author-X-Name-Last: Krichevskiy
Title: Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) and air pollution
Abstract:
The study empirically investigates and shows that on average, the implementation of the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) may contribute in the fight against global warming. This study finds that on average, a 1 percent increase of a percentage point in the bilateral volume of trade as a portion of GDP between Canada and a typical EU member could help reduce annual per capita emissions of GHGs in an average CETA member by about .57%. The results also show that the presence of CETA may decrease annual per capita emissions of GHGs in almost all CETA members. There is no statistically significant evidence suggesting an increase of GHGs per capita emissions in any CETA member, regardless of the model or statistical method employed in the paper. These results stand because of the combinations of the factor endowment hypothesis (FEH), the pollution haven hypothesis based on population density variations (PHH2) and the pollution haven hypothesis based on national income differences (PHH1) between each EU member and Canada.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 293-323
Issue: 3
Volume: 10
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1877199
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1877199
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:3:p:293-323
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Doramas Jorge-Calderón
Author-X-Name-First: Doramas
Author-X-Name-Last: Jorge-Calderón
Title: The standing of foreign lenders in cost-benefit analysis: some implications for environmental appraisals
Abstract:
International loans often finance projects with environmental benefits and costs. Cost–benefit analysis (CBA) is the default tool to determine the societal economic value of investment projects or policies producing environmental externalities. Standing in CBA concerns whose benefits and costs count in the calculation of societal value. Common practice is to grant standing only to nationals of the country hosting the policy or investment project under appraisal. Foreign lenders therefore do not stand. The social opportunity cost (SOC) approach to the social discount rate (SDR) addresses foreign loans. In the SOC approach, the SDR incorporates the opportunity cost of foreign loans associated to a marginal change in government borrowing, while foreign lenders implicitly do not stand. However, the literature has not addressed the treatment of foreign loans in appraisals following the social time preference (STP) method of discounting. This paper argues that CBA appraisals following the STP approach to the SDR would need to model loan cash flows explicitly as the loan itself may be a source of societal gain or loss. It then discusses implications for projects with long-term benefits or costs and with cross-border externalities, epitomising environmental appraisals. A case study of a forest harvesting project is also included.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 261-277
Issue: 3
Volume: 10
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2020.1857848
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2020.1857848
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:3:p:261-277
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: The Editors
Title: Correction
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: i-i
Issue: 3
Volume: 10
Year: 2021
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1874646
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1874646
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:3:p:i-i
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Magnus Söderberg
Author-X-Name-First: Magnus
Author-X-Name-Last: Söderberg
Title: Identification of how economic development affects energy use through a natural experiment
Abstract:
This paper empirically investigates how economic development (GDP) affects energy use. It deviates from previous studies in two important ways: (i) it explicitly allows the effect to be heterogeneous across regions, and (ii) it acknowledges that changes in GDP, i.e. GDP growth, can be endogenous and controls for this by exploiting deaths from natural disasters in 2002 and 2003. This instrument incorporates a natural experiment caused by the unusually severe heat wave that swept past several European countries in the summer of 2003. Based on data from 120 countries, results indicate that the marginal effect of the GDP rate is 66% higher when using 2SLS compared to OLS and that there is substantial heterogeneity across countries. Energy use is negatively correlated with the GDP level suggesting that there may be an Energy Kuznets Curve, but unexplained heterogeneity at high income levels suggests that there is still more to learn about the GDP-Energy relationship.HIGHLIGHTS
Investigates empirically how GDP growth affects energy use.Utilises the 2003 European heat wave as an instrument for GDP.Results show the relationship is heterogeneous and OLS is downward biased.Indication of Kuznets effect, i.e. a stronger relationship for less developed countries.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 359-373
Issue: 4
Volume: 10
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1886994
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1886994
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:4:p:359-373
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: S. Lindgren
Author-X-Name-First: S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Lindgren
Title: A sound investment? Traffic noise mitigation and property values
Abstract:
Traffic noise is a widespread problem that adversely affects health and well-being. A key policy question is how the benefit of noise mitigation compares with the cost. This study estimates the benefits of noise mitigation by its capitalization into property values. Using a dataset on properties considered for a noise mitigation programme, I estimate a difference-in-differences model that compares prices of properties receiving a measure to properties ineligible for the programme. Results show that noise mitigation raised property prices by 10–12 percent. The property price benefits exceed programme investment cost with each $1 spent on noise mitigation generating up to $1.7 in benefits.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 428-445
Issue: 4
Volume: 10
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1911861
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1911861
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:4:p:428-445
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Thomas Kuhn
Author-X-Name-First: Thomas
Author-X-Name-Last: Kuhn
Author-Name: Radomir Pestow
Author-X-Name-First: Radomir
Author-X-Name-Last: Pestow
Author-Name: Anja Zenker
Author-X-Name-First: Anja
Author-X-Name-Last: Zenker
Title: An axiomatic characterization of a generalized ecological footprint
Abstract:
The purpose of this paper is to propose an axiomatic characterization of ecological footprint indices. Using an axiomatic approach, we define a set of axioms representing the properties considered appropriate to ecological footprint measures in general. It can be shown that there exists a generalized index which is given by an arbitrary affine transformation of the land area appropriated to provide a country's share of consumption on world production. The footprint of a subset of countries is given by the sum of the individual footprints. As an implication, the well-known compound-based footprint index used by the Global Footprint Network can be characterized as a specification of the generalized index by an appropriate affine transformation. With respect to empirical applications the proposition of generalized and axiomatically characterized measures for the ecological burden by human activity may be considered as the main contribution of the paper.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 391-399
Issue: 4
Volume: 10
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1901786
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1901786
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:4:p:391-399
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Philipp R. Steinbrunner
Author-X-Name-First: Philipp R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Steinbrunner
Title: Structural reforms and productivity in the electricity generation sector
Abstract:
The European electricity industry has witnessed substantial restructuring over the last decades, aiming to introduce competitive and efficient electricity markets. This study sheds light on the effects of vertical disintegration and privatization on the productivity of European electricity generators. Using a data set of firms, incorporated in 17 European countries, from 2006 to 2013, I estimate the effect of structural reforms, considering their endogeneity, on technical efficiency derived from production instead of cost functions. This study, therefore, fills the academic void of the effects of structural reforms on productivity. Furthermore, I control for weather conditions, being a novelty with respect to the previous literature. The overall results show that vertical separation significantly decreases productivity of electricity generators by 8–14%, depending on the production function chosen. Besides, privatization results in efficiency gains, thereby providing policy lessons on the implementation of structural reforms.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 446-467
Issue: 4
Volume: 10
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1921040
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1921040
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:4:p:446-467
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jürgen Meyerhoff
Author-X-Name-First: Jürgen
Author-X-Name-Last: Meyerhoff
Author-Name: Katrin Rehdanz
Author-X-Name-First: Katrin
Author-X-Name-Last: Rehdanz
Author-Name: Andrea Wunsch
Author-X-Name-First: Andrea
Author-X-Name-Last: Wunsch
Title: Preferences for coastal adaptation to climate change: evidence from a choice experiment
Abstract:
Climate change adaptation is essential for coastal areas. This paper adds to the limited evidence on the trade-offs people are willing to make concerning coastal adaptation strategies along an entire coast of a state (Baltic Sea coast of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania). The trade-offs are conceptualised in a choice experiment in terms of six attributes: the extent of beach nourishment, dyke heightening, cliff protection, access to dunes, realignment of dykes and dunes, and cost in terms of a coastal protection levy. The attributes were selected and designed in close cooperation, among others, with governmental decision-makers. Accounting for preference heterogeneity, we identified three latent groups among the participants of a nationwide online survey in Germany. Respondents who prefer extensive changes, respondents who are willing to pay only for an increase in dyke height, and respondents who are unwilling to cover additional expenses for adaptation. The aggregated welfare measures indicate that an adaptation scenario Recreation ranks highest followed by Safety and Nature. However, the scenarios do not represent unequivocal alternatives and provide essential insights into peoples’ preferences not only to policymakers and the administration in the case study region.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 374-390
Issue: 4
Volume: 10
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1894990
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1894990
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:4:p:374-390
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mohammad Mashiur Rahman
Author-X-Name-First: Mohammad Mashiur
Author-X-Name-Last: Rahman
Author-Name: Alok K. Bohara
Author-X-Name-First: Alok K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Bohara
Author-Name: Jesus E. Vazquez
Author-X-Name-First: Jesus E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Vazquez
Title: Geospatial analysis of health risks and solid waste management behaviour
Abstract:
The lack of proper waste management behaviour creates environmental debasement and induces health risks. This study employs primary survey data collected in 2016 to investigate the association between health risks and improper waste management behaviour by households in three locations of Rupandehi District, Nepal. The health risk is measured by a series of water-related symptoms such as Diarrhea, Jaundice, Typhoid Fever, Worms, and Cholera. This paper’s novel contribution is that we identify the spatial nature of the prevalence of waterborne diseases and related factors such as solid waste management behaviour, hygiene infrastructure and personal cleanliness, and socio-economic status of the households. We use a spatial autoregressive model under the negative binomial family, and the result indicates a significant spatial autocorrelation of waterborne diseases. Moreover, we find the significant effect of improper waste management practices on waterborne diseases. The result is consistent even after various robustness and falsification tests. The findings from this study indicate the acute need to raise awareness concerning the malicious effect of improper waste management and the urge to provide wider access to waste management services.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 400-427
Issue: 4
Volume: 10
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1903560
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1903560
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:4:p:400-427
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jetske Bouma
Author-X-Name-First: Jetske
Author-X-Name-Last: Bouma
Title: Evaluating environmental policy: the use and usefulness of experiments
Abstract:
This paper reflects on the use and usefulness of experiments for environmental policy evaluation. Whereas most of the literature has focused on the added value of field experiments, this paper also considers the added value of choice and lab experiments. The paper reviews the literature to assess the potential of the different methods, focusing on the type of policy issues that can be evaluated with the help of experiments. It then discusses validity issues, and how the validity of the different methods can be improved, after which it turns to the ‘policy validity’ or generalizability of the outcomes of the different methods, crucial for policy relevance. The paper ends with a reflection on how the use and usefulness of experiments for environmental policy evaluation can be improved, concluding that mixed method approaches that combine the different experimental methods seem most promising although efforts, to enhance the replicability of experiments and the building of an evidence base, are also important. Finally, to enhance the use and usefulness of experiments for environmental policy making, it is important that more attention is paid to the scalability of the experimental findings and for the inclusion of policy context in experimental design.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 468-480
Issue: 4
Volume: 10
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1933606
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1933606
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:4:p:468-480
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Masako Ikegami
Author-X-Name-First: Masako
Author-X-Name-Last: Ikegami
Author-Name: Zijian Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Zijian
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Title: Does energy aid reduce CO2 emission intensities in developing countries?
Abstract:
Whether energy aid contributes to the reduction of CO2 emissions in developing countries is an unresolved question. We investigate whether the OECD Development Assistance Committee members’ energy aid can help reduce CO2 emission intensities in 64 recipient countries over the period 1995–2014. We find that once lagged energy aid – when measured in terms of once lagged GDP, in absolute terms, or in terms of once lagged total sectoral aid – is effective in reducing the recipients’ subsequent CO2 emission intensities. Importantly, we find highly varied effects of energy aid on the recipients’ CO2 emission intensities – fossil fuel-rich (poor) countries stand to benefit least (most) from receiving energy aid. Our findings point towards the merit of energy aid as a policy tool in achieving the CO2 emission reduction goals and the necessity for bilateral aid donors to take into account the recipients’ fossil fuel abundance when making provisions for energy aid.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 343-358
Issue: 4
Volume: 10
Year: 2021
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1882342
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1882342
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:10:y:2021:i:4:p:343-358
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: D. Fujiwara
Author-X-Name-First: D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Fujiwara
Author-Name: R. Houston
Author-X-Name-First: R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Houston
Author-Name: K. Keohane
Author-X-Name-First: K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Keohane
Author-Name: C. Maxwell
Author-X-Name-First: C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Maxwell
Author-Name: I. van Emmerik
Author-X-Name-First: I.
Author-X-Name-Last: van Emmerik
Title: Applying the wellbeing valuation method to value the costs of roadworks and flooding
Abstract:
This study uses the wellbeing valuation method to monetise the association between water flooding or roadworks incidents and subjective wellbeing for customers served by Anglian Water in the UK. Using this method, we find that the estimated wellbeing cost per incident for flooding is considerably higher than for roadworks, that internal sewer flooding is associated with a higher wellbeing cost per property than external sewer flooding, and that internal water flooding has a lower estimated wellbeing cost per property than internal sewer flooding. The findings were used in Anglian Water’s 2019 Price Review (PR19) business planning. By providing a wellbeing valuation for events that have also been studied through stated preference models, this research also provides a case study for comparing the differences in results between the two valuation methodologies.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 95-111
Issue: 1
Volume: 11
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1938688
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1938688
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:95-111
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Danyel I. Hampson
Author-X-Name-First: Danyel I.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hampson
Author-Name: Silvia Ferrini
Author-X-Name-First: Silvia
Author-X-Name-Last: Ferrini
Author-Name: R. Kerry Turner
Author-X-Name-First: R. Kerry
Author-X-Name-Last: Turner
Title: Assessing subjective preferences for river quality improvements: combining Q-methodology and choice experiment data
Abstract:
Choice decisions are inherently subjective but capturing and explaining nuanced variation in respondents’ attitudes is difficult and needs more than the simple socio-demographic variables traditionally used in economic research. In recent years, environmental economists have been shifting towards a more holistic approach to economic valuation, making an increased use of psychology within behavioural economics, to better understand subjective preferences on the environment. This research applies a novel mixed-methods approach to integrate the results from a Q-methodological analysis, which reveals respondents’ latent traits and perceptions about river management, into a choice experiment which estimates respondents’ preferences for potential future improvements to river water quality. The purpose is to improve the quantification of subjectivity within stated preference experiments. Q-methodology reveals five statistically distinct narratives (characterised as Ecological, Financial, Leadership, Collaboration, Legislation) which define the main perspectives respondents hold for river management strategies. Choice experiment results suggest subjectivity causes significant differences in respondents’ choice behaviour. Statistically verified Q-methodological narratives provide plausible explanations for differences in respondents’ choice preferences regarding river water quality improvements. By triangulating between quantitative and qualitative research methods, we demonstrate a research strategy that can contribute to a better understanding of the impact socially contested perspectives have on respondents’ choice behaviour.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 56-74
Issue: 1
Volume: 11
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1879682
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1879682
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:56-74
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: P. J. Metcalfe
Author-X-Name-First: P. J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Metcalfe
Author-Name: A. Sen
Author-X-Name-First: A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Sen
Title: Sensitivity to scope of water and wastewater service valuations: a meta-analysis of findings from water price reviews in Great Britain
Abstract:
At the 2014/15 water price reviews in Great Britain, a notionally similar stated preference methodology was used across multiple customer surveys to derive willingness to pay (WTP) estimates for comparable service improvements. Very different valuations were obtained for the same service measures, however, raising questions regarding their validity and reliability. This paper examines the variation in those WTP estimates via a meta-analysis of household WTP values from 18 water companies for five common service measures. Our main finding is that WTP decreased substantially with the service changes offered for valuation, a finding that is inconsistent with expected utility theory, the standard economic theory of rational choice under uncertainty, but is consistent with predictions from prospect theory, and with empirical evidence from related fields. Moreover, the majority of the observed variation in WTP estimates could be explained by differences in the scope of service change offered. The study also finds that WTP increased with the number of households supplied, a finding which is considered likely to be due to altruism, and with GDP per capita, and decreased with the number of attributes included in the study design. Significant risk framing effects are also identified.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 21-38
Issue: 1
Volume: 11
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1984314
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1984314
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:21-38
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul Metcalfe
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Metcalfe
Title: Valuing water and wastewater services in the UK: introduction to the special issue
Abstract:
At the most recent water price review in England and Wales, PR19, water companies were encouraged more than ever before by the economic regulator, Ofwat, to expand the evidence based on the value of potential improvements to water and wastewater services, and to consider new and innovative methods for doing so. The present special issue was motivated by the opportunity to take stock of the developments and invite scrutiny from a wider academic and policy audience, thereby hopefully stimulating further innovation and advancement of the techniques used. It contains six papers, including a history of willingness to pay research in the UK water sector, a meta-analysis of UK water and wastewater service valuations and four novel valuation studies conducted for PR19.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 1-3
Issue: 1
Volume: 11
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2025910
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2025910
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:1-3
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ali Chalak
Author-X-Name-First: Ali
Author-X-Name-Last: Chalak
Author-Name: Paul Metcalfe
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Metcalfe
Title: Valuing water and wastewater service improvements via impact-weighted numbers of service failures
Abstract:
Stated preference valuations of water and wastewater service improvements in Great Britain have been found to be highly variable across studies for similar units of service, driven primarily by a substantive dependence on the scope of service change offered to survey participants. The present paper motivates and describes a new approach that is simpler for survey participants and sidesteps the key problems caused by scope insensitivity. It relies on first deriving estimates of the relative impact of different types of service issue, and then using these to apportion a package valuation into valuations of individual service level improvements. The paper presents a case study that implements the new approach in a real business planning context and discusses the impact the new approach has on the valuation results obtained. We contend that the new approach has significant advantages over traditional discrete choice experiment approaches to water and wastewater service valuation and recommend it for future use in similar policy/planning contexts.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 39-55
Issue: 1
Volume: 11
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.2023052
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.2023052
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:39-55
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ken Willis
Author-X-Name-First: Ken
Author-X-Name-Last: Willis
Author-Name: Rob Sheldon
Author-X-Name-First: Rob
Author-X-Name-Last: Sheldon
Title: Research on customers’ willingness-to-pay for service changes in UK water company price reviews 1994–2019
Abstract:
Water companies are regional monopolies in the UK, and subject to quinquennial price reviews to ensure customers receive value for money. This paper documents the application and evolution of stated preference methodology in the quinquennial price review research. Stated preference methods are used to assess customers’ preferences for changes to water supply, waste-water, and environmental services; and customers’ willingness-to-pay, or willingness-to-accept, water bill amounts for changes to these service levels. Recently revealed preference methods have been given more prominence in estimating values for some water services. The application of stated preference, and revealed preference, has seen continued attempts, in successive price reviews, to improve the accuracy and reliability of values for water services, as an input into the cost–benefit analysis of water projects, and water company business plans.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 4-20
Issue: 1
Volume: 11
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1927850
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1927850
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:4-20
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paulo Anciaes
Author-X-Name-First: Paulo
Author-X-Name-Last: Anciaes
Title: Revealed preference valuation of beach and river water quality in Wales
Abstract:
This paper estimates the value of water quality for outdoor recreation in Wales, considering all beaches and rivers in the country, and accounting for the value accrued to existing visits and generated from new visits. The values were aggregated for the population and mapped to show where the benefits of improving water quality are higher. We used a revealed preference method that links models of choices of beaches and rivers with models of the monthly number of visits to all beaches and rivers. We found that improving water quality of a beach from good to excellent has an estimated value of £2.58 per existing visit and leads to an average 52% increase in the number of visits, resulting in an overall value of £199,164/month per person. Improving water quality of a beach from sufficient/poor to good has a smaller value and impact on number of visits. Improving water quality of a river stretch to above bad/poor has a value of £0.99 per existing visit and leads to a 64% increase in the number of visits, resulting in an overall value of £15,671/month per person. We discuss how the assumptions made in the analysis might affect these results.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 75-94
Issue: 1
Volume: 11
Year: 2022
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2020.1864778
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2020.1864778
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:75-94
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Emad Kazemzadeh
Author-X-Name-First: Emad
Author-X-Name-Last: Kazemzadeh
Author-Name: José Alberto Fuinhas
Author-X-Name-First: José Alberto
Author-X-Name-Last: Fuinhas
Author-Name: Matheus Koengkan
Author-X-Name-First: Matheus
Author-X-Name-Last: Koengkan
Title: The impact of income inequality and economic complexity on ecological footprint: an analysis covering a long-time span
Abstract:
Income inequality and economic complexity impacts on ecological footprint were researched for a panel of twenty-five countries, from 1970 to 2016, using the panel quantile regression approach. Results support that the economic complexity index in the 10th and 25th quantiles and pooled OLS regression positively affects ecological footprint, but not in the 75th and 90th quantiles. Gross Domestic Product in the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th quantiles have a positive effect on ecological footprint. Consumption of fossil fuels and population growth positively affects the ecological footprint in 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th quantiles and the pooled OLS. Income inequality in the 10th, 25th, and 50th quantiles and the OLS model regression positively affect ecological footprint. Economic openness in 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th quantiles and the pooled OLS negatively affect ecological footprint. Policymakers should promote policies to (i) encourage investment in green energy technologies and implement upgraded energy and environmental laws; (ii) diversify exports and sophisticate products in countries with a high ecological footprint; (iii) depth of human development to control for the population growth and stimulate the economic complexity; (vi) negotiate international trade agreements to open the economy; (v) implement measures to curb income inequality.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 133-153
Issue: 2
Volume: 11
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1930188
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1930188
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:2:p:133-153
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Isaac Ankamah-Yeboah
Author-X-Name-First: Isaac
Author-X-Name-Last: Ankamah-Yeboah
Author-Name: Claire W. Armstrong
Author-X-Name-First: Claire W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Armstrong
Author-Name: Stephen Hynes
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen
Author-X-Name-Last: Hynes
Author-Name: Bui Bich Xuan
Author-X-Name-First: Bui Bich
Author-X-Name-Last: Xuan
Author-Name: Katherine Simpson
Author-X-Name-First: Katherine
Author-X-Name-Last: Simpson
Title: Assessing public preferences for deep sea ecosystem conservation: a choice experiment in Norway and Scotland
Abstract:
Recent events around the world have revealed varying degrees of public support for climate change and environmental regulation. Applying a latent class logit model, this study investigates Norwegian and Scottish public’s economic support for proposed deep sea management policies for novel attributes, identifying the presence of preference heterogeneity. Marine litter and health of fish stocks were the attributes with the highest values in absolute terms. This was followed by the size of the protected area coverage, whilst the creation of jobs was the least valued. The results highlight public support for the further collective action required by the EU in moving beyond the 2020 objective of achieving good environmental status of Europe’s seas, despite the low WTP values of the minority classes in each country.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 113-132
Issue: 2
Volume: 11
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1924286
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1924286
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:2:p:113-132
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yimeng Du
Author-X-Name-First: Yimeng
Author-X-Name-Last: Du
Author-Name: Teng Ma
Author-X-Name-First: Teng
Author-X-Name-Last: Ma
Title: Impact of electricity pricing strategy on residential energy consumption decisions in China: empirical evidence from a household survey
Abstract:
In this study, the direct impact of knowledge about the electricity pricing policies on residents’ electricity saving behaviour and the indirect impact of these pricing strategies on residential consumers’ fuel choices are analysed by adopting a traditional two-stage-least-squares model. Moreover, due to the different levels of affordability of energy, differences between rural and urban households are also examined. Estimations are based on an analysis of data from 3653 households from the Chinese General Social Survey of 2015. We find that energy sources with higher health risks – raw coal and briquettes – are more likely to be used in rural households than in urban households. However, our results confirm that applying for time-of-use (TOU) tariffs can help rural residents reduce their electricity expenditure, and thus increase their ability to consume cleaner energy – LPG instead of coal. Similarly, choosing TOU and possessing a higher understanding of tiered electricity pricing (TEP) significantly improves urban residents’ electricity saving behaviours. Urban residents with higher energy saving awareness are more likely to purchase energy sources with more convenience and less carbon emissions – natural gas instead of LPG. Finally, we suggest that more information on the TEP pricing scheme should be offered to rural residents to improve their energy saving knowledge levels.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 154-171
Issue: 2
Volume: 11
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1930586
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1930586
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:2:p:154-171
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Magali Aubert
Author-X-Name-First: Magali
Author-X-Name-Last: Aubert
Author-Name: Geoffroy Enjolras
Author-X-Name-First: Geoffroy
Author-X-Name-Last: Enjolras
Title: Intensive and extensive impacts of EU subsidies on pesticide expenditures at the farm level
Abstract:
This paper studies the intensive and extensive effects of European subsidies on pesticide expenditures at the farm level. Intensive effects refer to the relative value of pesticide expenditures to sales, while extensive effects consider acreage effects. Our approach is original insofar as we consider the consequences of EU policies at the farm level. The analysis relies on the French Farm Accountancy Data Network database from 2007 to 2015 which provides detailed information on farm structure and accounting. The influence of subsidies on pesticide expenditures is measured through a simultaneous equation model using panel data. Even if the aggregate value of EU subsidies does not seem to influence pesticide expenditures, each of the pillars has for its part a significant influence: the 1st pillar contributes to increasing pesticide expenditures, while the 2nd pillar leads to decreasing pesticide expenditures, except for subsidies to crop insurance policies. Overall subsidies and subsidies from the 1st pillar have also a significant and positive impact on farm acreage. The very contrasting effect of European subsidies on pesticide expenditures thus questions the effectiveness of public policies towards the issue of environmentally friendly practices.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 218-234
Issue: 2
Volume: 11
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1955749
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1955749
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:2:p:218-234
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Veli Yilanci
Author-X-Name-First: Veli
Author-X-Name-Last: Yilanci
Author-Name: Ugur Korkut Pata
Author-X-Name-First: Ugur Korkut
Author-X-Name-Last: Pata
Title: On the interaction between fiscal policy and CO2 emissions in G7 countries: 1875–2016
Abstract:
This study examines the impact of fiscal policy and economic growth on CO2 emissions employing a bootstrap causality test in the frequency domain. Analysing a long time series of data from 1875 to 2016 for G7 countries, we mainly aim to investigate the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis and whether fiscal policy affects the environment. The findings of causality from government expenditures to CO2 emissions are time-varying. However, the causality from economic growth to CO2 emissions follows a stable path and does not change over time in all countries except Canada. Since causal relations follow a consistent line and do not confirm an inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution, the EKC hypothesis does not hold in the G7 countries, implying that environmental problems are not automatically solved. The results also suggest that fiscal policy can contribute to climate change mitigation at different points in time.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 196-217
Issue: 2
Volume: 11
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1950575
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1950575
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:2:p:196-217
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mahmoud Hassan
Author-X-Name-First: Mahmoud
Author-X-Name-Last: Hassan
Author-Name: Walid Oueslati
Author-X-Name-First: Walid
Author-X-Name-Last: Oueslati
Author-Name: Damien Rousselière
Author-X-Name-First: Damien
Author-X-Name-Last: Rousselière
Title: Energy taxes and economic growth in OECD countries: a simultaneous equations approach
Abstract:
This paper explores the channels through which energy taxes may affect economic growth, using a simultaneous equations model for a balanced panel data of 31 OECD countries over the 1994–2013 period. The empirical results reveal a negative impact of energy taxes on physical investment in the short and long term. This impact is negatively sensitive to the existence and level of public debt. Additionally, the results show that energy taxes have an indirect effect on human capital through their impact on polluting emissions. The taxes on energy products are able to reduce both the flux and the stock of polluting emissions that have a negative impact on human capital skills in the short and long term. Finally, we found that energy taxes could encourage eco-innovation in the short and long term.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 172-195
Issue: 2
Volume: 11
Year: 2022
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1937326
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1937326
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:2:p:172-195
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: TEEP_A_1979101_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220823T191300 git hash: 39867e6e2f
Author-Name: Sabina Ampon-Wireko
Author-X-Name-First: Sabina
Author-X-Name-Last: Ampon-Wireko
Author-Name: Lulin Zhou
Author-X-Name-First: Lulin
Author-X-Name-Last: Zhou
Author-Name: Xinglong Xu
Author-X-Name-First: Xinglong
Author-X-Name-Last: Xu
Author-Name: Lamini Dauda
Author-X-Name-First: Lamini
Author-X-Name-Last: Dauda
Author-Name: Isaac Adjei Mensah
Author-X-Name-First: Isaac Adjei
Author-X-Name-Last: Mensah
Author-Name: Ebenezer Larnyo
Author-X-Name-First: Ebenezer
Author-X-Name-Last: Larnyo
Author-Name: Easmond Baah Nketiah
Author-X-Name-First: Easmond
Author-X-Name-Last: Baah Nketiah
Title: The relationship between healthcare expenditure, CO2 emissions and natural resources: evidence from developing countries
Abstract:
The paper examines the association between health expenditure, carbon emission, economic growth, natural resources, and population in developing countries for 2000–2018. It further explores the relationship between these variables over the same period. The study applied Pooled mean group (PMG) and Dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) estimations to explore the long and short-term impact of environmental pollution, economic growth, and natural resources on health expenditure. PMG and the DOLS results show that economic growth and environmental pollution, and natural resources increase health expenditure at the panel level. However, improved sanitation reduces health spending. The findings for the individual country level from the FMOLS confirmed similar results for some countries. Furthermore, there is bidirectional causality between health spending and economic growth. Developing nations should implement strategic environment management policies that enhanced clean and healthy air to decrease the pressure on health care expenses.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 272-286
Issue: 3
Volume: 11
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1979101
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1979101
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:3:p:272-286
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# input file: TEEP_A_1962412_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220823T191300 git hash: 39867e6e2f
Author-Name: Novice Patrick Bakehe
Author-X-Name-First: Novice Patrick
Author-X-Name-Last: Bakehe
Title: Energy poverty: consequences for respiratory health and labour force participation in Cameroon
Abstract:
Insufficient access to modern forms of energy is an important issue for development. This has made the concept of energy poverty to be widely discussed. There is a consensus on the fact that energy poverty has serious effects on health, education, and other socio-economic aspects of individuals. However, the measurement of energy poverty and its effects on labour force participation is generally absent or inaccurate especially at the micro-economic level in developing countries. The objective of this study is therefore to analyse the relationship between energy poverty, respiratory health and participation in the labour market. The data comes from the fourth Cameroon household survey carried out in 2014. The trivariate recursive probit model shows that energy poverty increases the risk of respiratory illnesses and that these illnesses have a negative effect on the labour force participation, especially for women.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 235-247
Issue: 3
Volume: 11
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1962412
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1962412
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:3:p:235-247
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: TEEP_A_1971114_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220823T191300 git hash: 39867e6e2f
Author-Name: Baoubadi Atozou
Author-X-Name-First: Baoubadi
Author-X-Name-Last: Atozou
Author-Name: Stéphane Bergeron
Author-X-Name-First: Stéphane
Author-X-Name-Last: Bergeron
Author-Name: Maurice Doyon
Author-X-Name-First: Maurice
Author-X-Name-Last: Doyon
Author-Name: Lota D. Tamini
Author-X-Name-First: Lota D.
Author-X-Name-Last: Tamini
Title: Improving meta-analyses on hypothetical bias by using separate models for private and public goods
Abstract:
Previous meta-analyses examined hypothetical bias studies with the aim of identifying characteristics of stated preference (SP) design that potentially reduce hypothetical bias. However, previous meta-analyses combined observations for both public and private goods in their models. In this paper, we argue that eliciting values for public and private goods should be considered in separate models. Individuals’ behaviours, the choice of mechanism and the efficiency of mitigation techniques are specific to each type of good. Separating the models should allow more precise model specification and better identification of design effects. With two meta-regressions hierarchical mixed-effect models we provide the first meta-analysis for public and private goods separately. This approach provides specific information regarding SP design and better insight into the efficiency of mitigation techniques to reduce hypothetical bias.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 260-271
Issue: 3
Volume: 11
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1971114
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1971114
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:3:p:260-271
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: TEEP_A_1981460_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220823T191300 git hash: 39867e6e2f
Author-Name: Martin Förster
Author-X-Name-First: Martin
Author-X-Name-Last: Förster
Author-Name: Volker Müller-Benedict
Author-X-Name-First: Volker
Author-X-Name-Last: Müller-Benedict
Title: The effects of income inequality on the willingness to contribute to environmental sustainability
Abstract:
Over the last years, the impact of social inequality in various fields was analysed and researched. Surprisingly, preceding research on the correlation between income inequality and environmental pollution revealed no evidence for such a connection. In this paper, we break down the effect of income inequality on the individuals’ willingness to contribute to environmental sustainability into two indirect effects: the growing privatization of public costs and the expansion of social conflicts. Analysing data from an ISSP survey from 2010, we conclude that the lack of statistical correlation between income inequality and the willingness to contribute to environmental protection results from the simultaneous occurrence of two opposite forces of equal strength: With higher inequality, a person perceives the costs of environmental damage as a private problem, thereby his/her willingness to contribute to the protection of the environment rises. On the other hand, with higher inequality, the willingness to contribute is less enhanced by a norm of contributing to environmental sustainability.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 287-297
Issue: 3
Volume: 11
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1981460
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1981460
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:3:p:287-297
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# input file: TEEP_A_1993348_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220823T191300 git hash: 39867e6e2f
Author-Name: Théo Benonnier
Author-X-Name-First: Théo
Author-X-Name-Last: Benonnier
Author-Name: Katrin Millock
Author-X-Name-First: Katrin
Author-X-Name-Last: Millock
Author-Name: Vis Taraz
Author-X-Name-First: Vis
Author-X-Name-Last: Taraz
Title: Long-term migration trends and rising temperatures: the role of irrigation
Abstract:
Climate variability has the potential to affect both international and internal migration profoundly. Earlier work finds that higher temperatures reduce agricultural yields, which in turn reduces migration rates in low-income countries, due to liquidity constraints. We test whether access to irrigation modulates this temperature–migration relationship, since irrigation buffers agricultural incomes from high temperatures. We regress measures of international and internal migration on decadal averages of temperature and rainfall, interacted with country-level data on irrigation and income. We find robust evidence that, for poor countries, irrigation access significantly offsets the negative effect of increasing temperatures on internal migration, as proxied by urbanisation rates. Our results demonstrate the importance of considering access to alternative adaptation strategies when analysing the temperature-migration relationship.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 307-330
Issue: 3
Volume: 11
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1993348
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1993348
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:3:p:307-330
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# input file: TEEP_A_1966516_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220823T191300 git hash: 39867e6e2f
Author-Name: Sven Grüner
Author-X-Name-First: Sven
Author-X-Name-Last: Grüner
Title: Rethinking how risk aversion and impatience are linked with cognitive ability: experimental findings from agricultural students and farmers
Abstract:
Dohmen et al. (2010) find in their paper (‘Are Risk Aversion and Impatience Related to Cognitive Ability?'), which has been published in the American Economic Review, that risk aversion and impatience are negatively related to cognitive ability. This topic is important because controlling for cognitive ability might be necessary if someone is interested in the link of risk preferences or time preferences to real-world outcomes. We re-examine their key results by conducting an experimental study using two subject pools (agricultural students and farmers) and three levels of monetary incentives. Similar to Dohmen et al. (2010), our study finds the above-described negative correlations. However, the strength of the association is relatively small in the realm of risk aversion and negligible with impatience.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 248-259
Issue: 3
Volume: 11
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1966516
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1966516
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:3:p:248-259
Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
# input file: TEEP_A_1981461_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220823T191300 git hash: 39867e6e2f
Author-Name: Andy S. Choi
Author-X-Name-First: Andy S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Choi
Title: How conditional are the conditional willingness-to-pay estimates? A Monte Carlo evaluation
Abstract:
This paper aims to examine whether or not differing sample compositions influence conditional willingness-to-pay (WTP) estimates for the same respondents, using a Monte Carlo evaluation. The results in this paper challenge the use of individual-specific WTP values. Approximately at least one out of five respondents are likely to show frequent extreme WTP values. Interval variables might give more stable tastes across varying sample compositions than dummy variables. Nonmarket valuation researchers, exploring preference heterogeneity, should be more cautious about potentially unstable conditional WTP estimates, particularly when respondents are regrouped with differing memberships.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 298-306
Issue: 3
Volume: 11
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.1981461
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.1981461
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:3:p:298-306
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# input file: TEEP_A_2010604_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220823T191300 git hash: 39867e6e2f
Author-Name: Samson Mukanjari
Author-X-Name-First: Samson
Author-X-Name-Last: Mukanjari
Author-Name: Herbert Ntuli
Author-X-Name-First: Herbert
Author-X-Name-Last: Ntuli
Author-Name: Edwin Muchapondwa
Author-X-Name-First: Edwin
Author-X-Name-Last: Muchapondwa
Title: Valuation of nature-based tourism using contingent valuation survey: evidence from South Africa
Abstract:
The increasing pressure within developing countries to focus on other national objectives has led to declining fiscal transfers for conservation. This paper assesses the potential for a typical large African park such as the Kruger National Park to generate additional revenue through an entrance fee hike in order to finance park operations. This is investigated by estimating international tourists’ willingness to pay (WTP) for possible future visits. The estimated WTP is substantial, ranging from $216 to $255 per trip and $79 million to $94 million per year for all international tourists. Using a non-parametric survival function to calculate the consumer surplus that could be extracted from tourists, we show that park authorities can increase total revenue by 57% to 61% ($38 million and $40 million) per year. These findings indicate that unique African parks such as the Kruger National Park can contribute to African economies through revenues from increased entrance fees.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 331-349
Issue: 3
Volume: 11
Year: 2022
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.2010604
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.2010604
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:3:p:331-349
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# input file: TEEP_A_2043188_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Heini Ahtiainen
Author-X-Name-First: Heini
Author-X-Name-Last: Ahtiainen
Author-Name: Tuija Lankia
Author-X-Name-First: Tuija
Author-X-Name-Last: Lankia
Author-Name: Jussi Lehtonen
Author-X-Name-First: Jussi
Author-X-Name-Last: Lehtonen
Author-Name: Olli Lehtonen
Author-X-Name-First: Olli
Author-X-Name-Last: Lehtonen
Author-Name: Christine Bertram
Author-X-Name-First: Christine
Author-X-Name-Last: Bertram
Author-Name: Jürgen Meyerhoff
Author-X-Name-First: Jürgen
Author-X-Name-Last: Meyerhoff
Author-Name: Kristīne Pakalniete
Author-X-Name-First: Kristīne
Author-X-Name-Last: Pakalniete
Author-Name: Katrin Rehdanz
Author-X-Name-First: Katrin
Author-X-Name-Last: Rehdanz
Author-Name: Eija Pouta
Author-X-Name-First: Eija
Author-X-Name-Last: Pouta
Title: Welfare effect of substitute sites for coastal recreation – evidence from the Baltic Sea
Abstract:
Omission of substitute sites in travel cost analysis can cause an overestimation of recreational benefits. Only few analyses have included substitutes, partly because of the difficulty in defining an appropriate set of substitutes. We examine factors affecting the existence of substitutes and their impact on the demand and value of coastal recreation using spatially-referenced survey data from Finland, Germany and Latvia on recreational visits to the Baltic Sea, which can be characterized as a unique destination. Substitutes are defined by respondents themselves. Our findings indicate that the existence and effects of substitute sites differ across countries. Many respondents have no substitutes for Baltic Sea recreation, in particular in Latvia. Respondent and visit-specific factors explain the probability of having substitutes. Substitutes reduce the demand for coastal recreation in Finland and Germany but increase it in Latvia. Further, respondents having substitutes are less sensitive to travel costs in Germany and more sensitive in Finland and Latvia. The annual welfare from Baltic Sea recreation is lower for people who have substitutes in Finland and Germany, and higher in Latvia. The findings suggest that uniform assumptions about the existence and effects of substitutes appear unwarranted, especially for sites of unique or iconic nature.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 375-395
Issue: 4
Volume: 11
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2043188
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2043188
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:4:p:375-395
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# input file: TEEP_A_2044391_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Shraddha Shrivastava
Author-X-Name-First: Shraddha
Author-X-Name-Last: Shrivastava
Author-Name: Kakali Mukhopadhyay
Author-X-Name-First: Kakali
Author-X-Name-Last: Mukhopadhyay
Title: Valuation and financing of National Parks in South and South East Asia: a meta-analysis
Abstract:
Protected Areas, the mainstay of biodiversity conservation, are facing an unprecedented threat of being exploited, making their conservation not only crucial but also urgent. As the looming threat does not leave scope for expensive and time-consuming surveys, this paper intends to add to the existing literature and to the cause of biodiversity conservation by undertaking the first ever multinational Meta-Analysis of National Park (NP) valuation studies in South and South East Asia. The relative importance of study-, site-, and socioeconomic characteristics is estimated through a meta-regression and suggestions for redesigning pricing strategies to capture the unrealized consumer surplus are presented. Key results highlight the importance of the place of residence, area of the NP, and GDP per capita in explaining variation in NP value. Furthermore, taking note of the havoc wreaked by the COVID-19 pandemic, the study highlights the need to diversify the funding base for NP management in order to ensure sustainable financing by presenting country-specific examples.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 396-419
Issue: 4
Volume: 11
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2044391
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2044391
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# input file: TEEP_A_2012837_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Kelsi G. Hobbs
Author-X-Name-First: Kelsi G.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hobbs
Author-Name: Albert N. Link
Author-X-Name-First: Albert N.
Author-X-Name-Last: Link
Author-Name: Christopher A. Swann
Author-X-Name-First: Christopher A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Swann
Title: The overcrowding of Zion National Park: is it a pricing problem?
Abstract:
In 2017, The New York Times sounded the alarm that ‘the number of [U.S. national] park visitors have reached an unprecedented level, leaving many tourists frustrated and many environmentalists concerned about the toll of overcrowding.’ We address herein the overcrowding issue at Zion National Park in an effort to provide empirical context for upcoming Congressional consideration of entrance fees at national parks under the Federal Lands Recreation Enhancement Act. Zion is the fourth largest of the 63 U.S. national parks encompassing 148 thousand acres and welcoming 4.5 million recreation visits in 2019. We determine from U.S. National Park Service data that severe overcrowding occurs during the summer months of June, July, and August. One way to possibly reduce overcrowding is to increase the price. We estimate that if the entrance fee to Zion was increased from $35.00 per vehicle to $70.00 per vehicle during those months, the number of recreation visits would decrease by more than 18 percent and would result in an acceptable number of recreation visits defined to be what is experienced in May.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 351-360
Issue: 4
Volume: 11
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.2012837
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.2012837
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# input file: TEEP_A_2024094_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Dambala Gelo
Author-X-Name-First: Dambala
Author-X-Name-Last: Gelo
Author-Name: Jane Turpie
Author-X-Name-First: Jane
Author-X-Name-Last: Turpie
Title: The effect of forest land use on the cost of drinking water supply: machine learning evidence from South African data
Abstract:
Water quality amelioration is one of the key ecosystem services provided by forests in the catchment areas of water supply systems. In this study, we applied random effect models and the least absolute shrinkage and selection regression method of machine learning to South African panel data to estimate the causal effect of natural forest cover on municipalities' water treatment cost. We controlled for a range of confounding covariates including other land cover variables including wetlands, plantation forests, grassland, woodland etc. The Lasso based instrumental variable (IV) method allowed us to simultaneously account for model uncertainty surrounding variable selection and endogeneity bias. We found significant and robust evidence that natural forestland cover reduces water treatment costs at the intensive margin. Estimates from our preferred models indicated that the marginal benefit of increasing forest cover is R310.63 /ha/year. We also found that the elasticity response of water treatment cost to natural forest area is 0.02%. Our estimate of the marginal value of the water purification service is small compared to the producer's surplus from alternative land uses. However, protection of natural forest land use might be defended if other ecosystem goods and services provided by natural forests are taken into account.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 361-374
Issue: 4
Volume: 11
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2021.2024094
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2021.2024094
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:4:p:361-374
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# input file: TEEP_A_2059015_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Jude Bayham
Author-X-Name-First: Jude
Author-X-Name-Last: Bayham
Author-Name: Jesse Burkhardt
Author-X-Name-First: Jesse
Author-X-Name-Last: Burkhardt
Author-Name: Makena Coffman
Author-X-Name-First: Makena
Author-X-Name-Last: Coffman
Author-Name: Sherilyn Hayashida
Author-X-Name-First: Sherilyn
Author-X-Name-Last: Hayashida
Author-Name: Sumner La Croix
Author-X-Name-First: Sumner
Author-X-Name-Last: La Croix
Title: Does air pollution increase electric vehicle adoption? Evidence from U.S. metropolitan areas, 2011–2018
Abstract:
We estimate a model of electric vehicle (EV) adoption in 427 of the largest metropolitan areas in the 48 contiguous U.S. states. We observe all new battery electric vehicles (BEV) and plug-in electric vehicles (PHEV) registrations by metro area over the 2011–2018 period, and we investigate whether adoption of new EVs is statistically related to multiple types of air pollution – long-term air pollution as measured by ambient PM2.5 and temporary pollution events as measured by the presence of wildfire smoke plumes in either the lower or upper atmosphere. Regression results show that both ambient PM2.5 and smoke plumes are related to BEV and PHEV adoptions by metro area.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 438-462
Issue: 4
Volume: 11
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2059015
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2059015
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:11:y:2022:i:4:p:438-462
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# input file: TEEP_A_2049372_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20220907T060133 git hash: 85d61bd949
Author-Name: Serhan Cevik
Author-X-Name-First: Serhan
Author-X-Name-Last: Cevik
Title: Waiting for Godot? The case for climate change adaptation and mitigation in small island states
Abstract:
Global warming is the most significant threat to ecosystems and people’s health and living standards in the coming decades, especially in small island states in the Caribbean and elsewhere. This paper contributes to the debate by analyzing different options to scale up climate change mitigation and adaptation. In particular, the empirical analysis indicates that increasing energy efficiency and reducing the use of fossil fuel in electricity generation could lead to a significant reduction in carbon emissions, while investing in physical and financial resilience would yield long-run benefits. From a risk-reward perspective, the advantages of reducing the risks associated with climate change and the health benefits from higher environmental quality clearly outweigh the potential cost of climate change mitigation and adaptation in the short run. The additional revenue generated by environmental taxes could be used to compensate the most vulnerable households, building a multilayered safety net, and strengthening structural resilience.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 420-437
Issue: 4
Volume: 11
Year: 2022
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2049372
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2049372
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# input file: TEEP_A_2077840_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Paul Hindsley
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Hindsley
Author-Name: Craig E. Landry
Author-X-Name-First: Craig E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Landry
Author-Name: Kurt Schnier
Author-X-Name-First: Kurt
Author-X-Name-Last: Schnier
Author-Name: John C. Whitehead
Author-X-Name-First: John C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Whitehead
Author-Name: Mohammadreza Zarei
Author-X-Name-First: Mohammadreza
Author-X-Name-Last: Zarei
Title: Joint estimation of angler revealed preference site selection and stated preference choice experiment recreation data considering attribute non-attendance
Abstract:
We estimate angler demand models with revealed preference (RP) and stated preference (SP) site selection marine recreational fishing data. We combine RP data from the Marine Recreational Information Program (MRIP) creel survey with SP discrete choice experiment survey data from 2003/2004. There are eight SP trip decisions and one RP trip decision for each of 1928 anglers who provided enough information to be analysed. Joint RP-SP generalized multinomial logit models are estimated. We find that the SP travel cost coefficient is much lower than the RP travel cost coefficient in absolute value, suggesting hypothetical bias in the SP data. This difference is reflected in the willingness to pay estimates, where the SP estimates for improved catch are much higher than the RP estimates. We use inferred attribute non-attendance (ANA) methods to identify respondents who may be ignoring the SP cost variable. The SP cost coefficient accounting for ANA is much higher in absolute value than the SP coefficient from the model that does not account for ANA. The ANA model indicates much more consistency between the RP and SP data. The smaller difference in the travel cost coefficients is also reflected in the willingness to pay estimates.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 44-62
Issue: 1
Volume: 12
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2077840
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2077840
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# input file: TEEP_A_2085183_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Mary Oluwatoyin Agboola
Author-X-Name-First: Mary Oluwatoyin
Author-X-Name-Last: Agboola
Author-Name: Andrew Adewale Alola
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew Adewale
Author-X-Name-Last: Alola
Title: The energy mix-environmental aspects of income and economic freedom in Hong Kong: cointegration and frequency domain causality evidence
Abstract:
Since the inception of the quantification or qualification of global economic freedom, there has been increasing drive and competition towards for better financial freedom among the global economies. However, balancing the drive towards environmental sustainability and economic freedom, especially from the context of the Global Goals, has remained relatively ignored. Thus, this study tries to reveal the nature of the relationship, that is, a U- or inverted U-shaped hypothesis between economic freedom and environmental degradation in the case of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China (HKSAR). As the result of the investigation implied, economic freedom and environmental degradation exhibit a U-shaped relationship against the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve in the relationship between environmental degradation and income. The implication is that economic freedom poses more danger to the environment than income growth, especially when both experiences exponential increase. In any case, Hong Kong’s two principal energy sources (coal and oil) constitute a significant source of environmental damage. Moreover, there is Granger-causality evidence with frequency inference in favour of causality between carbon emission and all the explanatory variables except for the fossil oil consumption.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 63-78
Issue: 1
Volume: 12
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2085183
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2085183
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# input file: TEEP_A_2071344_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Nicolas Schneider
Author-X-Name-First: Nicolas
Author-X-Name-Last: Schneider
Title: Climate policy, resource owners’ anticipations and the green paradox: model set-up and empirical considerations
Abstract:
With the acceleration of environmental commitments, the Green Paradox has been taking centre stage in the climate debate. In the standard Hotelling (1936) framework, producers may interpret environmental regulations as direct threats to resource scarcity rents. They compensate the future losses of revenues by forward shifting the extraction decision to the present period. In this paper, we defend the intuition behind which the anticipation effects of fossil producers are non-negligible and cannot be ignored by environmental planners. However, facing the conflicting evidence and theoretical underpinnings arising from the most recent literature, we argue that their effective impacts on climate targets tend to be over-estimated and might become smaller under reasonable assumptions and identified conditions. Accordingly, a set of recommendations are provided to internalize such inferences within upcoming climate measures.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 33-43
Issue: 1
Volume: 12
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2071344
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2071344
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# input file: TEEP_A_2065364_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Salpage Nesha Dushani
Author-X-Name-First: Salpage
Author-X-Name-Last: Nesha Dushani
Author-Name: Margrethe Aanesen
Author-X-Name-First: Margrethe
Author-X-Name-Last: Aanesen
Author-Name: Claire W. Armstrong
Author-X-Name-First: Claire W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Armstrong
Title: Willingness to pay for mangrove restoration to reduce the climate change impacts on ecotourism in Rekawa coastal wetland, Sri Lanka
Abstract:
This study investigates tourist preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) for restoration of mangroves to reduce the effects of climate change (CC) on ecotourism at Rekawa coastal wetland, Sri Lanka, using a double bounded discrete choice elicitation format in a contingent valuation method. The survey also included socio-economic, demographic, and attitudinal characteristics of respondents. The results reveal that domestic and foreign tourists on average were willing to pay 2.65 USD and 11.4 USD per person, respectively, for mangrove restoration in Rekawa wetland. Among socio-demographic variables, education, age, and occupation had a significant effect on WTP. Furthermore, we show that foreign respondents with greater trust in the role of mangroves in mitigating the impacts of CC on sea turtles, and domestic tourists who believed effects of mangrove restoration in reducing the future vulnerability of urban expansion, were willing to pay more for the proposed mangrove restoration fund. Based on tourists’ preferences and WTP for mangrove protection, our results support the establishment of an environmental protection fund from the collection of tourists’ entrance fees using a dual pricing strategy, and the use of the funds for planting mangroves, patrolling mangrove areas to prevent illegal activities, and promoting nature-based tourism activities.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 19-32
Issue: 1
Volume: 12
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2065364
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2065364
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:1:p:19-32
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# input file: TEEP_A_2062455_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Tim Sunderland
Author-X-Name-First: Tim
Author-X-Name-Last: Sunderland
Author-Name: Dan Marsh
Author-X-Name-First: Dan
Author-X-Name-Last: Marsh
Author-Name: Jane Lusardi
Author-X-Name-First: Jane
Author-X-Name-Last: Lusardi
Author-Name: Cat Hudson
Author-X-Name-First: Cat
Author-X-Name-Last: Hudson
Author-Name: Ruth Waters
Author-X-Name-First: Ruth
Author-X-Name-Last: Waters
Title: Meeting decision support requirements through natural capital accounts: a case study in England’s National Nature Reserves
Abstract:
Natural Capital Accounts extend traditional balance sheets to include valuation of non-market environmental benefits and asset values. They aim to bring the often-overlooked value of nature into decision-making, thus providing an effective decision-support tool. We compare Natural Capital Accounts to UK decision-support guidance, which leads us to three innovations that we apply to a case study of the National Nature Reserves in England. First, we use a reporting format, which explicitly reports gaps in quantification and valuation. Second, we provide ‘traffic-light’, confidence level information for our value results. Third, we report on the ecological state of assets and incorporate this evidence into the headline results. These innovations address common weaknesses whereby partial monetary values may mislead decision-makers and confidence levels are highly variable, yet often ignored. Information on the ecological state of assets is often only partial, non-systematic and not presented with the summary results. Producing this account required ecological and economic evidence to be treated as equally important. These three innovations produce an account that is transparent and provides a useful snapshot of the condition of natural capital assets.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 1-18
Issue: 1
Volume: 12
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2062455
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2062455
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# input file: TEEP_A_2085184_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Youmanli Ouoba
Author-X-Name-First: Youmanli
Author-X-Name-Last: Ouoba
Title: Gold companies and local economic sustainability: the case of Kalsaka Mining SA in Burkina Faso
Abstract:
Gold mining is a major source of income and economic growth, but imposes substantial environmental and health burdens on local communities. Estimating the relative economic gains and health costs of mining for local communities is a key step towards ensuring better natural resource management and environmental justice, but remains methodologically challenging. The objective of this article is to analyse the contribution of Kalsaka Mining SA to local economic sustainability during the operating phase (2008–2013). A cost-benefit analysis is used in comparing Kalsaka Mining SA local investment and its environmental damage (health cost) during mine lifetime. The net price method is used to evaluate resources rent from Kalsaka mining site exploitation while human capital approach is considered in health damage estimation. The results indicate that rent invested in the local economy was relatively low compared to health cost, implying that Kalsaka Mining SA contribution was largely insufficient to put the local economy on sustainable path.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 79-95
Issue: 1
Volume: 12
Year: 2023
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2085184
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2085184
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:1:p:79-95
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# input file: TEEP_A_2110163_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Essossinam Ali
Author-X-Name-First: Essossinam
Author-X-Name-Last: Ali
Author-Name: Moukpè Gniniguè
Author-X-Name-First: Moukpè
Author-X-Name-Last: Gniniguè
Author-Name: Nadege Essossolim Awade
Author-X-Name-First: Nadege Essossolim
Author-X-Name-Last: Awade
Title: Sectoral value chains and environmental pollution in Africa: can development policies target digitalization and structural transformation to enhance environmental governance?
Abstract:
Enhancing the environmental governance in developing countries is now part of development plans in mitigating climate change effects on economies. This study analyses the effect of the sectoral value chains participation on environmental pollution and assesses whether digitalization and structural transformation can be used as key instruments in improving environmental quality in Africa. We use second-generation panel data for 40 African countries from 1990 to 2019. The results show that deepening the agriculture, industry and services sectors’ value chains participation increases the environmental pollution in Africa. We find that the U-inverted hypothesis between value chain participation and environmental pollution is verified in all considered sectors. This result implies that the environmental governance in Africa should consider the specificity of each sector of the economy. Moreover, digitalization and structural transformation enhance the environmental quality in sectoral value chain participation in Africa since they significantly reduce CO2 emissions. Fossil fuel energy consumption is a driver of CO2 emissions, while renewable energy consumption reduces environmental pollution in Africa. These findings have important policy implications in terms of the environmental governance in sectoral value chain participation for climate change mitigation in developing countries, including Africa.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 229-247
Issue: 2
Volume: 12
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2110163
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2110163
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# input file: TEEP_A_2110162_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Andrew Abbott
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew
Author-X-Name-Last: Abbott
Author-Name: Philip Jones
Author-X-Name-First: Philip
Author-X-Name-Last: Jones
Title: The cyclicality of government environmental expenditure: political pressure in economic upturns and in recessions
Abstract:
This is the first paper to explore the determinants of the cyclicality of government environmental protection expenditures. Attention focuses on political pressures to increase expenditure on public-sector programmes. These pressures change systematically over the economic cycle. In economic upturns, voters experience ‘fiscal illusion’. Governments can exercise discretion to increase environmental expenditures. In recessions, voters are far more aware. Vote maximising governments divert expenditures away from the environment, toward programmes that deliver more private-good benefits. Predictions are tested with reference to 28 OECD countries’ expenditures between 1992 and 2012. The cyclicality of expenditures depends on government sensitivity to systematic changes in voter awareness.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 209-228
Issue: 2
Volume: 12
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2110162
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2110162
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:2:p:209-228
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# input file: TEEP_A_2097960_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Victor von Loessl
Author-X-Name-First: Victor
Author-X-Name-Last: von Loessl
Author-Name: Eva Weingärtner
Author-X-Name-First: Eva
Author-X-Name-Last: Weingärtner
Author-Name: Sonja Zitzelsberger
Author-X-Name-First: Sonja
Author-X-Name-Last: Zitzelsberger
Title: Do spatial climate messages increase pro-environmental engagement? Evidence from a survey experiment on public transport
Abstract:
Using a survey experiment among a special sample composed of art house cinema visitors, we investigate whether spatial climate messages increase subjects' willingness to pay for an inclusion of public transport fares in cinema tickets as well as their willingness to use public transport in case such a combined ticket is introduced. Based on previous findings, we expect emphasizing the positive impact of public transport usage on the local level to have a greater effect on subjects' preferences for public transport than a message that highlights the global consequences. Contrary to these expectations, our results show that the global treatment increases subjects' willingness to pay compared to the local treatment and the baseline. Both treatments increase subjects' willingness to use public transport. Conducting a sub-sample analysis, we find that also the local message increases the willingness to pay for a combined ticket among respondents who lack a financial interest as they already own a season ticket for public transport.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 168-187
Issue: 2
Volume: 12
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2097960
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2097960
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# input file: TEEP_A_2089238_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Christian Schoder
Author-X-Name-First: Christian
Author-X-Name-Last: Schoder
Title: Regime-dependent environmental tax multipliers: evidence from 75 countries
Abstract:
This paper reviews the main transmission channels of an environmental tax reform shifting the tax burden from labour to carbon emission. The analysis uses a simple open-economy macro model and estimates dynamic environmental tax as well as personal income tax multiplier effects on output and employment for a panel of 75 high- and low-income countries from 1994 to 2018. Tax policy changes are identified by cyclically adjusting the tax revenues. The estimated environmental tax multiplier effects on output range from 1 on impact to 1.8 at the peak. Personal income tax multipliers are slightly higher, ranging from 1.4 to 2.3. While income taxes reduce employment, environmental taxes do not. Environmental tax multipliers are highly regime dependent: they are close to zero or statistically insignificant unless taxes are increased when output contracts, fuel prices are high, the environmental tax levels are high, or the carbon intensity of output is low. Commodity trade-exposed countries face higher tax multipliers. This analysis concludes that, compared with income taxes, environmental taxes can be a less contractionary source of revenues to support the post-COVID-19 fiscal consolidation efforts, especially in countries that are at the beginning of their decarbonization efforts.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 124-167
Issue: 2
Volume: 12
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2089238
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2089238
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# input file: TEEP_A_2087745_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Medhavi Sandhani
Author-X-Name-First: Medhavi
Author-X-Name-Last: Sandhani
Author-Name: Anubhab Pattanayak
Author-X-Name-First: Anubhab
Author-X-Name-Last: Pattanayak
Author-Name: K. S. Kavi Kumar
Author-X-Name-First: K. S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Kavi Kumar
Title: Weather shocks and economic growth in India
Abstract:
This study examines the effects of weather shocks on the economic growth in the Indian context. By using state and district level data on weather variables (viz., temperature and rainfall) and growth rate of per-capita real GDP, the study evaluates the short-run as well as medium-run effects of changing weather on the growth. We use a fixed-effects model on state- and district-panel data sets spanning across several decades. The results based on the state-level analysis are suggestive of negative effects of the increasing temperature on the growth during 1980–2019. These aggregate results are further reinforced by the results from the district-level analysis. We find that higher temperatures have a significant negative impact on poorer districts, with a 1°C increase in temperature leading to a nearly 4.7% fall in the growth rate of district per-capita income. Moreover, higher temperatures not only have level effects but also have growth effects, especially for richer districts. Further, to propound tangible climate adaptation policy discussion, we use some developmental characteristics like credit access, electrification, urbanisation, and improved roads and market network in our analysis. The results suggest that such developmental characteristics may play a significant role in mitigating the negative impacts of climate change.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 97-123
Issue: 2
Volume: 12
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2087745
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2087745
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:2:p:97-123
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# input file: TEEP_A_2108509_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Patrik T. Hultberg
Author-X-Name-First: Patrik T.
Author-X-Name-Last: Hultberg
Author-Name: Darshana Udayanganie
Author-X-Name-First: Darshana
Author-X-Name-Last: Udayanganie
Title: Optimal environmental and trade policy combination in the presence of transboundary pollution and other market distortions
Abstract:
Adopting optimal environmental regulation in an open economy characterized by market distortions, policy constraints and transboundary pollution, is challenging. Absent first-best international agreements, coordinated environmental taxes and trade policies are derived in the presence of internal and external market failures. Existing theoretical models are extended by allowing for the possibility of transboundary pollution for small and large nations. For large nations, combining a Pigouvian tax with free trade is not optimal, and in certain circumstances import ‘carbon’ tariffs are recommended. In addition, if constrained from addressing market distortions optimally, available policy instruments should be adjusted to tackle unaddressed market distortions.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 188-208
Issue: 2
Volume: 12
Year: 2023
Month: 04
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2108509
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2108509
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:2:p:188-208
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# input file: TEEP_A_2114549_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: David C. Cook
Author-X-Name-First: David C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Cook
Author-Name: Rob W. Fraser
Author-X-Name-First: Rob W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Fraser
Author-Name: Janet Haddock-Fraser
Author-X-Name-First: Janet
Author-X-Name-Last: Haddock-Fraser
Title: An ecosystem services penalty system for evaluating international trade proposals
Abstract:
The World Trade Organization is not explicitly in the business of environmental protection, but through recent initiatives it has sought to better understand the complex relationship between trade and the environment and its role in promoting sustainable trade growth. In line with these initiatives, this paper discusses ways it might explicitly consider ecosystem services impacts when ruling on trade disputes so as to internalise ecosystem services externalities. We propose a change to existing methods of settling trade disputes to include a comparison between the traditional gains from trade and the multilateral change in ecosystem services associated with trade by incorporating a penalty system into the dispute resolution process. If this comparison assesses damages to ecosystem services to exceed the gains from trade then the penalty system suggests trade should not be allowed to take place. This penalty system in turn can create an incentive for exporting countries to reduce their impacts on ecosystem services to facilitate trade.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 249-259
Issue: 3
Volume: 12
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2114549
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2114549
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:3:p:249-259
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# input file: TEEP_A_2142302_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Ángeles Cámara
Author-X-Name-First: Ángeles
Author-X-Name-Last: Cámara
Author-Name: Miguel Á. Martínez-García
Author-X-Name-First: Miguel Á.
Author-X-Name-Last: Martínez-García
Title: Evolution of greenhouse gas emissions of Spanish households according to their income
Abstract:
In this paper, an input–output model is carried out to quantify and compare the environmental impact caused by the consumption of Spanish households, differentiated by income levels. Our work focuses on emissions due to consumption by Spanish households and their variations over the decade 2005–2015. This period has been chosen because two important factors converge: during this decade there was a global economic crisis that affected consumer behaviour, and also during this decade measures were implemented to promote renewable energies and improve energy efficiency. An input–output model is used, differentiating households by income level, extended with Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions data. It is observed that the highest income households have reduced the least GHG emissions associated with their consumption in the period 2005–2010; in contrast, they have reduced them the most in the period 2010–2015. The results obtained allow us to analyse how the GHG emissions of the different sectors of the Spanish economy have varied, highlighting in the period 2005–2010 the fall in emissions in the Mining and quarrying and Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply sectors; while in the period 2010–2015 the largest falls in emissions occurred in the Mining and quarrying and Construction sectors.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 363-378
Issue: 3
Volume: 12
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2142302
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2142302
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:3:p:363-378
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# input file: TEEP_A_2125912_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Tara Vanli
Author-X-Name-First: Tara
Author-X-Name-Last: Vanli
Title: Optimal governance for economic growth and environment: evidence from the United Kingdom
Abstract:
It has now been more significant than ever to understand the consequences of environmental policies given the unsustainability of enduring environmental challenges. This study aims to examine the nexus between economic growth, industrialisation and the environment in the United Kingdom, using time series data for the period 1948–2018. Gross Domestic Per Capita (GDPC) is used as a proxy for economic growth, energy consumption as measures for industrialisation and carbon dioxide emissions (Co2) or environmental pollution to test if the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) holds for the UK. Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and vector error correction model (VECM) have been employed to investigate the long-run and short-run causal relationships among variables, respectively. The paper concludes that the EKC hypothesis holds for the UK as the long-run relationship between CO2 emissions and GDPC is found. Further, energy consumption and imports of goods are found to have insignificant effects on the environment in both the short-run and long-run. The paper further concludes that environmental policies such as limiting energy consumption and controlling carbon emissions have no unfavourable effect on the real output growth in the UK.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 260-284
Issue: 3
Volume: 12
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2125912
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2125912
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:3:p:260-284
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# input file: TEEP_A_2142301_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Tanga M. Mohr
Author-X-Name-First: Tanga M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Mohr
Author-Name: Peter A. Groothuis
Author-X-Name-First: Peter A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Groothuis
Author-Name: John C. Whitehead
Author-X-Name-First: John C.
Author-X-Name-Last: Whitehead
Author-Name: Kristan Cockerill
Author-X-Name-First: Kristan
Author-X-Name-Last: Cockerill
Author-Name: William P. Anderson
Author-X-Name-First: William P.
Author-X-Name-Last: Anderson
Author-Name: Chuanhui Gu
Author-X-Name-First: Chuanhui
Author-X-Name-Last: Gu
Title: Discrete and continuous measures of consequentiality
Abstract:
A respondent finds a survey consequential if they believe their answer could influence the policy being addressed in the survey and if they believe that they will have to pay for the policy if implemented. Given these criteria, the literature has followed two paths to analyse consequentiality. The first uses a discrete method that separates respondents into consequential and inconsequential groups. The second interprets beliefs about consequentiality as continuous. We compare these approaches to identify their strengths and weaknesses. Using the discrete approach, we classify respondents into groups based on whether their responses satisfy various consequentiality criteria. We find that respondents in the inconsequential group have a willingness to pay that is insignificantly different from zero. For those in the consequential group, willingness to pay is positive and depends on the scope of the project. Treating consequentiality as continuous and using the hybrid choice model, we find that individuals who believe their responses will influence policy, policy consequentiality, and those who are concerned about the amenity are more likely to be in favour of the policy. Lastly, income is positively related to payment consequentiality.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 342-362
Issue: 3
Volume: 12
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2142301
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2142301
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:3:p:342-362
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# input file: TEEP_A_2134218_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: César Augusto Ruiz-Agudelo
Author-X-Name-First: César Augusto
Author-X-Name-Last: Ruiz-Agudelo
Author-Name: Andrés Suarez
Author-X-Name-First: Andrés
Author-X-Name-Last: Suarez
Author-Name: Francisco de Paula Gutiérrez-Bonilla
Author-X-Name-First: Francisco de Paula
Author-X-Name-Last: Gutiérrez-Bonilla
Author-Name: Angela María Cortes-Gómez
Author-X-Name-First: Angela María
Author-X-Name-Last: Cortes-Gómez
Title: The economic valuation of ecosystem services in Colombia. Challenges, gaps and future pathways
Abstract:
This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of the economic values for ecosystem services (ESs) in Colombia. Were analyzed 154 studies that estimated economic values for 21 ESs in 18 general ecosystems. In total, 502 values were coded and classified according to the Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services – CICES. Despite being a technique that is not based on primary economic valuation information, Benefits transfer was the most common method used to estimate the value of ESs in Colombia, followed by market prices and contingent valuation. Opportunities for recreation and tourism, climate regulation, habitat conservation, and water have been the most valued ESs. Many important ESs remain unnoticed and are not adequately accounted (e.g. pollination). Additionally, 53% of the information available on the economic values of ESs is concentrated in only 5 of the 32 Colombian departments. Finally, this review highlights the multiple challenges of Colombian academics and practitioners to improve the economic valuation practice and complement and recognize the multiple social relationships and the multiple views in terms of the values nature has.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 285-304
Issue: 3
Volume: 12
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2134218
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2134218
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:3:p:285-304
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# input file: TEEP_A_2136765_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Robert Fonner
Author-X-Name-First: Robert
Author-X-Name-Last: Fonner
Author-Name: Germán Izón
Author-X-Name-First: Germán
Author-X-Name-Last: Izón
Author-Name: Blake E. Feist
Author-X-Name-First: Blake E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Feist
Author-Name: Katie Barnas
Author-X-Name-First: Katie
Author-X-Name-Last: Barnas
Title: Capitalization of reduced flood risk into housing values following a floodplain restoration investment
Abstract:
Vast resources are allocated across the US and elsewhere for flood control in floodplains. Increasingly, these efforts involve restoring the function of natural floodplains to attenuate flood risk and provide a range of other ecosystem services. We investigated the capitalization of reduced flood risk from floodplain restoration into housing values in the city of Orting, Washington, USA. Our identification strategy exploits the occurrence of a major high-flow event directly following project construction, which demonstrated the ability of the widened floodplains to attenuate flooding. The prices of homes located within established 100-year or 500-year floodplains were discounted by 3%. Reduced flood risk associated with the floodplain restoration led to a 5% increase in the prices of homes in the 500-year floodplain on average. No evidence of reduced flood risk capitalization was found for homes the 100-year floodplain, where flood insurance rate maps and mandatory insurance requirements remained unchanged across the study period. The results suggest that reduced flood risk associated with floodplain restoration can capitalize into homes outside of designated high-risk zones.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 305-323
Issue: 3
Volume: 12
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2136765
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2136765
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:3:p:305-323
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# input file: TEEP_A_2138980_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Stijn Bruers
Author-X-Name-First: Stijn
Author-X-Name-Last: Bruers
Title: The animal welfare cost of meat: evidence from a survey of hypothetical scenarios among Belgian consumers
Abstract:
A survey in Belgium with hypothetical scenarios concerning willingness to pay to avoid the experiences of farm animals is used to estimate the animal welfare costs of meat production. Most participants indicate that farm animals have lives not worth living. The median estimate of the animal welfare cost of chicken meat is 10 euro/kg, whereas its mean estimate is several orders of magnitude higher. The animal welfare costs of meat are likely much larger than the consumer utility of meat consumption, the consumer willingness to pay for higher animal welfare meat and the climate/environmental costs of meat. A demand shift from beef to chicken meat due to misaligned consumer concerns for animal welfare or a carbon tax on meat, could possibly increase animal welfare costs and decrease the non-anthropocentric social welfare function. Consumers could prioritize lowering chicken meat consumption and governments could implement a flat tax on meat.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 324-341
Issue: 3
Volume: 12
Year: 2023
Month: 07
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2138980
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2138980
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:3:p:324-341
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# input file: TEEP_A_2166129_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Thijs Endendijk
Author-X-Name-First: Thijs
Author-X-Name-Last: Endendijk
Author-Name: W. J. Wouter Botzen
Author-X-Name-First: W. J. Wouter
Author-X-Name-Last: Botzen
Title: A default nudge in waste management: assessing the impact of explicit consent for unaddressed mail
Abstract:
On 1 January 2018, the municipality of Amsterdam changed the system for the reception of unaddressed mail from presumed consent to explicit consent to reduce paper waste. This policy can be defined as a default nudge. The no-choice population received unaddressed mail in the presumed consent system but not in the new explicit consent system. Residents receive unaddressed mail only when they actively decide to put an opt-in sticker on their mailbox. This study assesses the effectiveness and social benefits of this nudge. The effect on paper waste is estimated using a difference-in-differences approach in which several other Dutch municipalities function as the control group. Our main finding is that the default nudge results in a reduction of paper waste between 5.3% and 11%. Social benefits of this reduction include, for example, lower carbon emissions for collection and transport for paper waste, which are equivalent to yearly benefits between approximately €135,000 and €285,000 in Amsterdam. If all Dutch municipalities implement the system of explicit consent for unaddressed mail, the yearly benefits are approximately between €14 million and €30 million. The default nudge is a low-cost policy to implement and, therefore, offers municipal policymakers a cost-effective way to reduce waste.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 473-489
Issue: 4
Volume: 12
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2023.2166129
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2023.2166129
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:4:p:473-489
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# input file: TEEP_A_2182368_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Kaushali Dave
Author-X-Name-First: Kaushali
Author-X-Name-Last: Dave
Author-Name: Jeremy Toner
Author-X-Name-First: Jeremy
Author-X-Name-Last: Toner
Author-Name: Haibo Chen
Author-X-Name-First: Haibo
Author-X-Name-Last: Chen
Title: Accounting for respondent’s preference uncertainty in choice experiments
Abstract:
Preference uncertainty is an important aspect affecting respondents’ choices and attribute valuation. However, elicitation of preference uncertainty and its modelling is strongly restricted within choice experiments. This paper applies modelling techniques to account for the preference uncertainty data to evaluate road traffic noise. The paper argues that modelling the preference uncertainty data to examine the error structure can shed significant light on the potential causes of preference uncertainty. The results also reveal that accounting for preference uncertainty data within modelling can have important implications for the valuation exercise. It is found that the nested logit model can examine significant correlation between similar preference certainty levels arising from choice-set characteristics while the error components logit model can be used to examine the effect of inherent respondent uncertainty and stochastic factors on preference uncertainty. The paper therefore recommends treating and accounting for preference uncertainty within choice experiments and thereby examine its impact on any subsequent valuations.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 508-523
Issue: 4
Volume: 12
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2023.2182368
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2023.2182368
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:4:p:508-523
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# input file: TEEP_A_2153744_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Salomé Bessa
Author-X-Name-First: Salomé
Author-X-Name-Last: Bessa
Author-Name: João Pedro Gouveia
Author-X-Name-First: João Pedro
Author-X-Name-Last: Gouveia
Title: A framework for policy mix analysis: assessing energy poverty policies
Abstract:
Under the topics of climate change and sustainable transitions, the importance of policy mix understanding and energy poverty is simultaneously discussed. Both concepts do not have universal definitions, and literature focuses on building the different fragments of each one to design new ways to understand, analyze and develop policies. Energy poverty is complex and has a multitude of drivers, such as income, energy prices, and buildings/energy efficiency are examples of how different policies are required to erase this problem. Understanding how those policies work together and should be evaluated challenges new perspectives between different fields. Framed in this subject matter, and after an overview of its state of the art, a flexible and systemic framework for policy mix analysis is proposed considering five steps: definition of objectives, instrument selection, single instrument analysis, instruments interaction analysis, and evaluation. The major contribution of the proposed framework is a clear yet adaptable criterion for instruments interaction analysis. Energy poverty literature is reviewed in the optic of how policy mix can help develop and analyze policies for its erasing, and specific criteria for its instruments analysis are suggested.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 438-454
Issue: 4
Volume: 12
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2153744
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2153744
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:4:p:438-454
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# input file: TEEP_A_2171494_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Zhuanlin Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Zhuanlin
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Mehdi Nemati
Author-X-Name-First: Mehdi
Author-X-Name-Last: Nemati
Author-Name: Jinxia Wang
Author-X-Name-First: Jinxia
Author-X-Name-Last: Wang
Author-Name: Ariel Dinar
Author-X-Name-First: Ariel
Author-X-Name-Last: Dinar
Title: Does farm size matter for participation in a land fallowing policy? Evidence from China
Abstract:
Land fallowing policy reduces the negative resource-use externalities, including water resources. Previous studies of land fallowing policies identified different factors that explain the willingness of farmers to participate in these programmes. However, less attention was placed on farm size as an important explanatory variable. We develop a theoretical model to explain the role of farm size in decisions to participate in land fallowing programmes. We then apply the theory to the Seasonal Land Fallowing Policy (SLFP), enacted to reduce agricultural groundwater use by fallowing the cultivated land of winter wheat in Hebei Province, China. Both small- and large-scale farmers participate in the programme. Using survey data, we examined whether farm size matters in decisions to participate as part of a set of variables, including farm and farmer characteristics and government requirements. Our results indicate that farm size significantly affects participation in the programme— the larger the farm, the more likely it will participate. The results are robust to various specifications. We also find that government requirements largely impact the decisions of small-scale farmers to participate. The findings have important implications for policy formulation and distinction among small- and large- scale farms.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 490-507
Issue: 4
Volume: 12
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2023.2171494
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2023.2171494
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:4:p:490-507
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# input file: TEEP_A_2146757_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Peter King
Author-X-Name-First: Peter
Author-X-Name-Last: King
Title: Willingness-to-pay for precautionary control of microplastics, a comparison of hybrid choice models
Abstract:
What are people willing to pay to reduce the uncertainty about the effects of microplastics? We examine this question in two ways. Firstly, using two contingent valuation questions, we elicit willingness to pay (WTP) to (a) reduce uncertainty about the potential adverse consequences of microplastic pollution, and (b) to reduce the release of microplastics to the marine environment. WTP was elicited from a representative sample of UK adults in 2020. Comparing WTP for these two scenarios suggests that respondents prefer resolving irreversibility over resolving uncertainty. Secondly, we use a hybrid choice model to show that latent precautionary attitudes exert a strong positive effect on WTP. Overall, respondents indicated a preference for resolving the uncertainty about microplastics by implementing abatement measures immediately. Given that policymakers are increasingly concerned about the potential for adverse environmental and health effects of microplastics in the marine environment, this paper suggests that the precautionary principle has strong support at the respondent level.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 379-402
Issue: 4
Volume: 12
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2146757
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2146757
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:4:p:379-402
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# input file: TEEP_A_2186954_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Malte Welling
Author-X-Name-First: Malte
Author-X-Name-Last: Welling
Author-Name: Alexandra Dehnhardt
Author-X-Name-First: Alexandra
Author-X-Name-Last: Dehnhardt
Author-Name: Sophie-Marie Aß
Author-X-Name-First: Sophie-Marie
Author-X-Name-Last: Aß
Title: Does validity matter for policymakers? Evidence from choice experiments on urban green
Abstract:
Stated preference methods such as choice experiments are frequently used for the valuation of environmental goods. Studies suggest that the impact of valuation results on policymaking is rare. How the validity of stated preference results is perceived by policymakers may be a neglected barrier to use in policymaking. The study investigates (1) how valuation results are used by policymakers, (2) how policymakers perceive their validity, and (3) how these perceptions matter for the use of the results. We conduct choice experiments on urban green, directly involving local policymakers in the process. The policymakers, who were interviewed later, report frequent informative use of the results. Although concerns regarding validity exist, they are not a major barrier for informative use but maybe for decisive use. Our findings provide new insights on the use of valuation results by policymakers, as our study is the first to focus on stated preference results and on the role of perceived validity and enables an in-depth analysis by interviewing policymakers involved in a transdisciplinary process. We derive recommendations for researchers on how to design and communicate stated preference studies to increase their use in environmental policy-making.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 524-538
Issue: 4
Volume: 12
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2023.2186954
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2023.2186954
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:4:p:524-538
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# input file: TEEP_A_2160830_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Kwami Adanu
Author-X-Name-First: Kwami
Author-X-Name-Last: Adanu
Author-Name: Samuel Adams
Author-X-Name-First: Samuel
Author-X-Name-Last: Adams
Title: Carbon-dioxide emissions management in Sub-Saharan Africa – the irrelevance of natural resource rent as a corrective policy tool
Abstract:
This paper revisits the role of natural resource rent in explaining and regulating CO2 emissions in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Three variants of CO2 emissions are considered: territorial CO2 emissions, consumption-based CO2 emissions, and CO2 emission intensity. Panel-corrected standard error and panel autoregressive distributed lag estimation methods were applied. Results show that natural resource rent has a positive effect on consumption-based CO2 emissions, and a negative effect on CO2 emission intensity, but has no effect on territorial CO2 emissions. The results show that while high resource rent in SSA appears to finance consumption of pollution-laden imported goods, it worsens neither territorial CO2 emissions nor CO2 emission intensity. Given that importation of dirty goods is an economic system failure which is not imputable to resource rent, it is safe to conclude that, resource rent does not contribute to rising CO2 emissions in SSA.This paper examined the role of natural resource rent in explaining three variants of CO2 emissions; territorial CO2 emissions, consumption-based CO2 emissions, and CO2 emission intensity.Resource rent has a positive effect on consumption-based CO2 emissions, and a negative effect on CO2 emission intensity, but has no effect on territorial CO2 emissions.While high resource rent in SSA appears to finance consumption of pollution-laden goods, it worsens neither territorial CO2 emissions nor CO2 emission intensity.The relationship between resource rent and the three measures of CO2 emissions suggests that resource rent may not be an important contributor to rising CO2 emissions in SSA.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 455-472
Issue: 4
Volume: 12
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2160830
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2160830
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:4:p:455-472
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# input file: TEEP_A_2149628_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: Galina Williams
Author-X-Name-First: Galina
Author-X-Name-Last: Williams
Title: The temporal stability of WTP estimates for the emissions reduction using the contingent valuation survey in Queensland, Australia
Abstract:
The temporal stability of willingness to pay (WTP) estimates, from contingent valuation method (CVM) surveys, is required for reliable benefit transfer. While there have been numerous tests of the temporal stability of WTP estimates over a short time period, the evidence of the stability of WTP estimates over a long time period is limited. In this study, the temporal stability of WTP estimates for the emissions reduction over a ten-year period in Queensland, Australia is assessed. The first survey was conducted in 2009 at the end of the global financial and economic crises. The second survey was conducted in 2018 when the economic background changed significantly. The paper is focused on two main questions: (1) whether WTP is stable over a long time period under the changes in the background economic conditions and (2) if WTP is not stable, whether it is due to changes in socio-economic characteristics or underlying preferences. The results indicate that CVM estimates of WTP for emission reduction are stable over a ten-year period even after changes in underlying socio-economic conditions. However, care should be taken when transferring the estimates under the changes in the business cycle due to possible changes in WTP distribution.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 403-417
Issue: 4
Volume: 12
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2149628
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2149628
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:4:p:403-417
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# input file: TEEP_A_2152874_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20230119T200553 git hash: 724830af20
Author-Name: César Augusto Ruiz-Agudelo
Author-X-Name-First: César Augusto
Author-X-Name-Last: Ruiz-Agudelo
Author-Name: Francisco de Paula Gutiérrez-Bonilla
Author-X-Name-First: Francisco de Paula
Author-X-Name-Last: Gutiérrez-Bonilla
Author-Name: Angela María Cortes-Gómez
Author-X-Name-First: Angela María
Author-X-Name-Last: Cortes-Gómez
Title: The natural capital of the Colombian Orinoco River basin. intact ecosystems with high rates of anthropogenic change
Abstract:
The Orinoco basin is one of the most important hydrologic systems in South America. The Colombian Orinoco basin occupies an area of approx. thirty-four million hectares, located in the country's east. The literature about the economic valuation of ecosystem services (ES) and the spatial information on natural resources in the Colombian Orinoco basin was revised through various information sources to document the earliest approximation to the state, spatial distribution, and economic value of the natural capital at the scale of biomes, specific ecosystems, and political-administrative units. Our assessment estimated a natural capital loss of 200 billion Int.$2020/year (74% of Colombian GDP in 2020) and a remnant natural capital worth 296 billion Int.$2020/year (more than 100% of Colombia's GDP in 2020) for twelve ecosystem services. This research proves that a potential expansion in livestock production systems will generate an additional loss of natural capital of approximately 282 billion Int.$2020/year. Additionally, we include an analysis based on the GLOBIO4 initiative models, identifying future natural capital losses between 4.8 and 33 billion Int.$2020/year. Lastly, the policy challenges and gaps in research and management concerning this remaining natural capital in the Colombian Orinoco basin are pointed out.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 418-437
Issue: 4
Volume: 12
Year: 2023
Month: 10
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2022.2152874
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2022.2152874
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:12:y:2023:i:4:p:418-437
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# input file: TEEP_A_2217150_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Takumi Haibara
Author-X-Name-First: Takumi
Author-X-Name-Last: Haibara
Title: Carrots and sticks in trade and climate policies
Abstract:
Tariffs or consumption tax hikes used in isolation engender consumption-based emission spillovers. A combination of these two instruments, if well designed, can offset these spillovers and would result in a zero-sum or win-win welfare outcome. The approach suggested here either strengthens deterrence against free-riders via stricter tariff sanctions or promotes climate cooperation via trade liberalization. The choice of trade and climate policy instruments depends, inter alia, on the relative strength of Home versus Foreign price responsiveness of demand.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 83-92
Issue: 1
Volume: 13
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2023.2217150
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2023.2217150
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:13:y:2024:i:1:p:83-92
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# input file: TEEP_A_2195684_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Segun Thompson Bolarinwa
Author-X-Name-First: Segun Thompson
Author-X-Name-Last: Bolarinwa
Author-Name: Munacinga Simatele
Author-X-Name-First: Munacinga
Author-X-Name-Last: Simatele
Title: Informality and the climate change-poverty nexus: empirical evidence from African countries
Abstract:
The present paper introduces informality into the climate change-poverty nexus using 40 Sub-Saharan African countries selected from high-, middle and low-income countries between 1990 and 2019. The empirical results show that informality is an important variable that can mitigate the impact of climate change on poverty. The moderation of the poverty-climate change nexus is nonlinear in income. Informality reduces the negative effect of climate change on poverty in middle income countries while exacerbating its effect in low-income countries. Possible channels of influence are identified. Policy makers need to rethink the role of informality in an environment where informality is mainly seen as a nuisance, to see it as an ally that can achieve key results for the fight against environmental degradation and extreme poverty.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 1-16
Issue: 1
Volume: 13
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2023.2195684
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2023.2195684
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:13:y:2024:i:1:p:1-16
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# input file: TEEP_A_2207535_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Dana Wright
Author-X-Name-First: Dana
Author-X-Name-Last: Wright
Author-Name: Yajie Liu
Author-X-Name-First: Yajie
Author-X-Name-Last: Liu
Title: Assessing the impact of environmental variability on harvest in a heterogeneous fishery: a case study of the Canadian lobster fishery
Abstract:
Global fisheries face significant challenges in the coming years due to climate change. Understanding and anticipating the impacts of climate change is a necessity for implementing appropriate fisheries management. This study uses a panel dataset of individual fishing vessels to examine how variation in ocean temperature affects fish harvest. Using the American lobster (Homarus americanus) fishery in the Maritimes region of Canada as a case study, this paper employs a generalised linear mixed model (GLMM) taking into account heterogeneity amongst fishers, gear, vessels, and fishing areas. The GLMM is found to have better performance and estimations when compared against alternative specifications. As expected, a significant and positive relationship was found, further contributing to the existing evidence of warming impacts on the lobster fishery. The implications of this study are twofold: first, it provides further evidence that environmental change does have a significant positive impact on harvest. This information should be considered by fishing industry and fisheries authorities when implementing appropriate adaptive management strategies and measures in their decision making. Second, it illustrates that allowing for mixed-effects using GLMMs is a valuable empirical tool when dealing with hierarchical data structures.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 55-69
Issue: 1
Volume: 13
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2023.2207535
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2023.2207535
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:13:y:2024:i:1:p:55-69
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# input file: TEEP_A_2197626_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Arooj Khan
Author-X-Name-First: Arooj
Author-X-Name-Last: Khan
Author-Name: Alvina Sabah Idrees
Author-X-Name-First: Alvina Sabah
Author-X-Name-Last: Idrees
Title: Environmental impact of multidimensional eco-innovation adoption: an empirical evidence from European Union
Abstract:
Establishing pathways to mitigate environmental degradation is a global concern which also gets reflected in 2030 Agenda of SDGs. Countries can promote sustainable economic development through eco-innovation. This study empirically examines the impact of eco-innovation on greenhouse gas emissions. The Driscoll-Kraay and PCSE estimation techniques are applied on European Union countries by covering a period from 2012 to 2019. The results found that environmental taxes and all dimensions of eco-innovation i.e. activities, output, resource efficiency, and socio-economic outcome significantly contributes towards reducing greenhouse gas emissions except the eco-innovation input. The socio-economic outcome is the most effective dimension of eco-innovation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions followed by the output and activity. The resource efficiency outcome is also significant in reducing environmental degradation, but its impact is the smallest. Energy consumption and economic growth has a significant positive and negative effect, respectively.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 17-33
Issue: 1
Volume: 13
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2023.2197626
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2023.2197626
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:13:y:2024:i:1:p:17-33
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# input file: TEEP_A_2221206_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Christos Tsirimokos
Author-X-Name-First: Christos
Author-X-Name-Last: Tsirimokos
Title: Applying the hypothetical extraction method to investigate the interindustry greenhouse gas emissions linkages in the Greek economy
Abstract:
This paper examines the interindustry greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions linkages within the Greek economy for the year 2018, using a symmetric I-O table and air emissions accounts data. The GHG linkages among industries are analyzed both from a demand and supply perspective by applying an environmental modification of the Dietzenbacher and van der Linden’s Hypothetical Extraction Method (1997), as introduced and discussed in Tsirimokos (2022). The findings reveal that: (i) the ‘Electricity, gas, steam, and air conditioning supply’ industry exhibits the highest total absolute backward and forward linkages; (ii) the ‘Real estate activities’ industry demonstrates the highest relative backward and forward linkages; (iii) industries with low (high) relative linkages generally, exhibit high (low) internal linkages; and (iv) the ‘Electricity, gas, steam, and air conditioning supply’ and ‘Transportation and storage’ industries are the primary GHG emissions contributors within the Greek economy. These empirical results can inform the development of effective environmental policies, supporting Greece in achieving its climate action plan objectives.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 93-109
Issue: 1
Volume: 13
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2023.2221206
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2023.2221206
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:13:y:2024:i:1:p:93-109
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# input file: TEEP_A_2212367_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Zaheer Abbas
Author-X-Name-First: Zaheer
Author-X-Name-Last: Abbas
Author-Name: Umer Javeid
Author-X-Name-First: Umer
Author-X-Name-Last: Javeid
Author-Name: Stephen Pratt
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen
Author-X-Name-Last: Pratt
Title: Exploring the energy intensity – per capita income nexus: evidence from middle-income and high-Income countries
Abstract:
Assessing changes in energy intensity has become increasingly important in recent years as economies strive toward greater environmental awareness and conservation while, at the same time, improving residents’ standard of living, through economic growth. This study explores the relationship between energy intensity and real per-capita income across the period 1981–2015 for 60 countries. We divide the sample into two segments: middle-income and high-income countries to better explore this relationship. The analysis uses a spline functional form which allows for greater flexibility to detect non-linear relationships. The results for middle-income countries show three distinct threshold levels of per capita income at which the direction of the relationship between energy intensity with per capita income changes. This suggests changes in energy intensity in middle-income countries occur due to changes in demand, fuel substitution and technological progress. The results with respect to the high-income countries do not indicate a threshold level with respect to their current level of income. This may be indicative that these countries have already passed their turning point prior to 1990 and are progressively reducing their energy intensity.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 70-82
Issue: 1
Volume: 13
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2023.2212367
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2023.2212367
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:13:y:2024:i:1:p:70-82
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# input file: TEEP_A_2223182_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: Jens Abildtrup
Author-X-Name-First: Jens
Author-X-Name-Last: Abildtrup
Author-Name: Jette Bredahl Jacobsen
Author-X-Name-First: Jette Bredahl
Author-X-Name-Last: Jacobsen
Author-Name: Suzanne Elizabeth Vedel
Author-X-Name-First: Suzanne Elizabeth
Author-X-Name-Last: Vedel
Author-Name: Udo Mantau
Author-X-Name-First: Udo
Author-X-Name-Last: Mantau
Author-Name: Robert Mavsar
Author-X-Name-First: Robert
Author-X-Name-Last: Mavsar
Author-Name: Davide Pettenella
Author-X-Name-First: Davide
Author-X-Name-Last: Pettenella
Author-Name: Irina Prokofieva
Author-X-Name-First: Irina
Author-X-Name-Last: Prokofieva
Author-Name: Florian Schubert
Author-X-Name-First: Florian
Author-X-Name-Last: Schubert
Author-Name: Anne Stenger
Author-X-Name-First: Anne
Author-X-Name-Last: Stenger
Author-Name: Elsa Varela
Author-X-Name-First: Elsa
Author-X-Name-Last: Varela
Author-Name: Enrico Vidale
Author-X-Name-First: Enrico
Author-X-Name-Last: Vidale
Author-Name: Bo Jellesmark Thorsen
Author-X-Name-First: Bo Jellesmark
Author-X-Name-Last: Thorsen
Title: Preferences for climate change policies: the role of co-benefits
Abstract:
Policies mitigating climate change provide a global public good but are also likely to imply local co-benefits where implemented. This may affect citizens’ preferences for what policy to implement as well as where to implement it. This aspect remains understudied despite its relevance for international climate negotiations, national policies, and the development of voluntary carbon credit markets. The results of a discrete choice experiment show that citizens in five countries (Denmark, France, Germany, Italy and Spain) have quite similar mean willingness to pay for carbon emission reductions and agree on the ranking of policies targeting different sectors. Specifically, policies targeting renewable energy use, are preferred over policies targeting industrial energy efficiency or carbon sequestration and biomass production in forests. Applying follow-up questions shows that concerns over co-benefits, notably air pollution, is linked to preferences for implementation in the home country. In the absence of co-benefits, citizens are indifferent or prefer policies implemented in other countries.Key policy highlightsCitizens in five European countries share preferences for climate change mitigation policies, though significant intra-national heterogeneity in preferences existPolicies targeting increased use of renewables are preferred over policies targeting improved energy efficiency in the industry.Citizens express preferences for policies implemented in their own country. This is associated with their perception of co-benefits. In particular, consideration of reduced air pollution as a side effect of investing in renewable energy and in energy efficiency in the industry are important determinants of preferences for national implementation of policies.Preferences for national co-benefits may both enhance policy acceptance and reduce willingness to support policies implemented in other countries. The latter aspect may reduce cost-effectiveness across countries but ease effort-sharing negotiations.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 110-128
Issue: 1
Volume: 13
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2023.2223182
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2023.2223182
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# input file: TEEP_A_2206583_J.xml processed with: repec_from_jats12.xsl darts-xml-transformations-20231214T103247 git hash: d7a2cb0857
Author-Name: R. Kaj Gittings
Author-X-Name-First: R. Kaj
Author-X-Name-Last: Gittings
Author-Name: Travis Roach
Author-X-Name-First: Travis
Author-X-Name-Last: Roach
Title: Labor reallocation and the regional greenhouse gas initiative
Abstract:
Policies intended to reduce the amount of greenhouse gas emissions are among the most hotly debated policy problems of our time. Among the concerns raised are that costs will be passed on to consumers and jobs will be lost. We use the introduction and eventual tightening of the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), a regional carbon permit system in the Northeastern United States, to measure labor market responses and dynamics following the implementation of a carbon pricing system. We find that implementation of the RGGI and the subsequent tightening of the emissions cap has had no effect on employment or earnings in the utilities sector but increased the rate at which workers flow in and out of jobs. In particular, within the utilities sector, we observe some job destruction and worker separation combined with increased labor reallocation across establishments. This is complemented with small spillover effects yielding positive increases in hiring, worker reallocation and job creation in industries outside of utilities. Furthermore, when we account for the endogeneity of electricity prices we find increased hiring, job creation and worker reallocation rates and a decline in job destruction rates across industries.
Journal: Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy
Pages: 34-54
Issue: 1
Volume: 13
Year: 2024
Month: 01
X-DOI: 10.1080/21606544.2023.2206583
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/21606544.2023.2206583
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Handle: RePEc:taf:teepxx:v:13:y:2024:i:1:p:34-54